[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163896},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method":3,"nav-reference":2089},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2082,"extension":2083,"meta":2084,"navigation":240,"path":2085,"seo":2086,"stem":2087,"__hash__":2088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2047},"minimark",[9,19,26,37,42,135,141,148,153,169,172,258,265,269,272,293,296,313,316,345,348,427,434,438,446,449,515,520,523,580,584,589,654,657,678,686,690,696,784,787,796,902,906,912,974,977,992,1009,1016,1078,1087,1090,1102,1107,1169,1173,1240,1243,1302,1312,1320,1323,1328,1338,1410,1414,1422,1513,1524,1528,1533,1537,1540,1603,1608,1665,1669,1672,1708,1718,1721,1775,1785,1789,1792,1857,1867,1873,1930,1934,1941,1946,1953,1956,1965,1973,1977,1982,1986,1993,1997,2034,2043],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-update-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"update()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.update()"," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,27,28,29,36],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[30,31,33],"a",{"href":32},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,34,35],{},"set.add()",", which adds only one item.",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[43,44,49],"pre",{"className":45,"code":46,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n","python","",[15,50,51,81,113,128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53,56,60,64,68,72,75,78],"span",{"class":54,"line":55},"line",1,[52,57,59],{"class":58},"su5hD","numbers ",[52,61,63],{"class":62},"smGrS","=",[52,65,67],{"class":66},"sP7_E"," {",[52,69,71],{"class":70},"srdBf","1",[52,73,74],{"class":66},",",[52,76,77],{"class":70}," 2",[52,79,80],{"class":66},"}\n",[52,82,84,87,90,94,97,100,102,105,107,110],{"class":54,"line":83},2,[52,85,86],{"class":58},"numbers",[52,88,89],{"class":66},".",[52,91,93],{"class":92},"slqww","update",[52,95,96],{"class":66},"([",[52,98,99],{"class":70},"2",[52,101,74],{"class":66},[52,103,104],{"class":70}," 3",[52,106,74],{"class":66},[52,108,109],{"class":70}," 4",[52,111,112],{"class":66},"])\n",[52,114,116,120,123,125],{"class":54,"line":115},3,[52,117,119],{"class":118},"sptTA","print",[52,121,122],{"class":66},"(",[52,124,86],{"class":92},[52,126,127],{"class":66},")\n",[52,129,131],{"class":54,"line":130},4,[52,132,134],{"class":133},"sutJx","# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,136,137,138,140],{},"Use ",[15,139,17],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[38,142,144,145,147],{"id":143},"what-setupdate-does","What ",[15,146,24],{}," does",[20,149,150,152],{},[15,151,24],{},":",[154,155,156,160,163,166],"ul",{},[157,158,159],"li",{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[157,161,162],{},"Changes the original set in place",[157,164,165],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[157,167,168],{},"Does not return a new set",[20,170,171],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[43,173,175],{"className":45,"code":174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,176,177,208,236,242,252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,178,179,182,184,186,190,194,196,198,201,204,206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,180,181],{"class":58},"colors ",[52,183,63],{"class":62},[52,185,67],{"class":66},[52,187,189],{"class":188},"sjJ54","\"",[52,191,193],{"class":192},"s_sjI","red",[52,195,189],{"class":188},[52,197,74],{"class":66},[52,199,200],{"class":188}," \"",[52,202,203],{"class":192},"blue",[52,205,189],{"class":188},[52,207,80],{"class":66},[52,209,210,213,215,217,219,221,223,225,227,229,232,234],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,211,212],{"class":58},"colors",[52,214,89],{"class":66},[52,216,93],{"class":92},[52,218,96],{"class":66},[52,220,189],{"class":188},[52,222,203],{"class":192},[52,224,189],{"class":188},[52,226,74],{"class":66},[52,228,200],{"class":188},[52,230,231],{"class":192},"green",[52,233,189],{"class":188},[52,235,112],{"class":66},[52,237,238],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,239,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},true,"\n",[52,243,244,246,248,250],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,245,119],{"class":118},[52,247,122],{"class":66},[52,249,212],{"class":92},[52,251,127],{"class":66},[52,253,255],{"class":54,"line":254},5,[52,256,257],{"class":133},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,259,260,261,264],{},"Even though ",[15,262,263],{},"\"blue\""," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[38,266,268],{"id":267},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,270,271],{},"The basic syntax is:",[43,273,275],{"className":45,"code":274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,276,277],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,278,279,282,284,286,288,291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,280,281],{"class":58},"my_set",[52,283,89],{"class":66},[52,285,93],{"class":92},[52,287,122],{"class":66},[52,289,290],{"class":92},"iterable",[52,292,127],{"class":66},[20,294,295],{},"You can pass:",[154,297,298,301,304,307,310],{},[157,299,300],{},"A list",[157,302,303],{},"A tuple",[157,305,306],{},"Another set",[157,308,309],{},"A string",[157,311,312],{},"Any other iterable",[20,314,315],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[43,317,319],{"className":45,"code":318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,320,321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,322,323,325,327,329,331,333,335,338,340,343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,324,281],{"class":58},[52,326,89],{"class":66},[52,328,93],{"class":92},[52,330,122],{"class":66},[52,332,30],{"class":92},[52,334,74],{"class":66},[52,336,337],{"class":92}," b",[52,339,74],{"class":66},[52,341,342],{"class":92}," c",[52,344,127],{"class":66},[20,346,347],{},"Example:",[43,349,351],{"className":45,"code":350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,352,353,366,408,412,422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,354,355,358,360,362,364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,356,357],{"class":58},"values ",[52,359,63],{"class":62},[52,361,67],{"class":66},[52,363,71],{"class":70},[52,365,80],{"class":66},[52,367,368,371,373,375,377,379,381,383,386,389,392,394,397,400,402,405],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,369,370],{"class":58},"values",[52,372,89],{"class":66},[52,374,93],{"class":92},[52,376,96],{"class":66},[52,378,99],{"class":70},[52,380,74],{"class":66},[52,382,104],{"class":70},[52,384,385],{"class":66},"],",[52,387,388],{"class":66}," (",[52,390,391],{"class":70},"4",[52,393,74],{"class":66},[52,395,396],{"class":70}," 5",[52,398,399],{"class":66},"),",[52,401,67],{"class":66},[52,403,404],{"class":70},"6",[52,406,407],{"class":66},"})\n",[52,409,410],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,411,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,413,414,416,418,420],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,415,119],{"class":118},[52,417,122],{"class":66},[52,419,370],{"class":92},[52,421,127],{"class":66},[52,423,424],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,425,426],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,428,429,430,89],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[30,431,433],{"href":432},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F","how to create a set in Python",[38,435,437],{"id":436},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,439,440,442,443,89],{},[15,441,24],{}," returns ",[15,444,445],{},"None",[20,447,448],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,450,452],{"className":45,"code":451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,453,454,470,495,499,510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,455,456,458,460,462,464,466,468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,457,59],{"class":58},[52,459,63],{"class":62},[52,461,67],{"class":66},[52,463,71],{"class":70},[52,465,74],{"class":66},[52,467,77],{"class":70},[52,469,80],{"class":66},[52,471,472,475,477,480,482,484,486,489,491,493],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,473,474],{"class":58},"result ",[52,476,63],{"class":62},[52,478,479],{"class":58}," numbers",[52,481,89],{"class":66},[52,483,93],{"class":92},[52,485,96],{"class":66},[52,487,488],{"class":70},"3",[52,490,74],{"class":66},[52,492,109],{"class":70},[52,494,112],{"class":66},[52,496,497],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,498,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,500,501,503,505,508],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,502,119],{"class":118},[52,504,122],{"class":66},[52,506,507],{"class":92},"result",[52,509,127],{"class":66},[52,511,512],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,513,514],{"class":133},"# None\n",[20,516,517,518,89],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,519,507],{},[20,521,522],{},"Correct usage:",[43,524,526],{"className":45,"code":525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,527,528,544,562,566,576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,529,530,532,534,536,538,540,542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,531,59],{"class":58},[52,533,63],{"class":62},[52,535,67],{"class":66},[52,537,71],{"class":70},[52,539,74],{"class":66},[52,541,77],{"class":70},[52,543,80],{"class":66},[52,545,546,548,550,552,554,556,558,560],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,547,86],{"class":58},[52,549,89],{"class":66},[52,551,93],{"class":92},[52,553,96],{"class":66},[52,555,488],{"class":70},[52,557,74],{"class":66},[52,559,109],{"class":70},[52,561,112],{"class":66},[52,563,564],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,565,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,567,568,570,572,574],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,569,119],{"class":118},[52,571,122],{"class":66},[52,573,86],{"class":92},[52,575,127],{"class":66},[52,577,578],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,579,134],{"class":133},[38,581,583],{"id":582},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,585,586,587,89],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,588,17],{},[43,590,592],{"className":45,"code":591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,593,594,610,636,640,650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,595,596,598,600,602,604,606,608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,597,59],{"class":58},[52,599,63],{"class":62},[52,601,67],{"class":66},[52,603,71],{"class":70},[52,605,74],{"class":66},[52,607,77],{"class":70},[52,609,80],{"class":66},[52,611,612,614,616,618,620,622,624,626,628,630,632,634],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,613,86],{"class":58},[52,615,89],{"class":66},[52,617,93],{"class":92},[52,619,96],{"class":66},[52,621,99],{"class":70},[52,623,74],{"class":66},[52,625,104],{"class":70},[52,627,74],{"class":66},[52,629,109],{"class":70},[52,631,74],{"class":66},[52,633,109],{"class":70},[52,635,112],{"class":66},[52,637,638],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,639,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,641,642,644,646,648],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,643,119],{"class":118},[52,645,122],{"class":66},[52,647,86],{"class":92},[52,649,127],{"class":66},[52,651,652],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,653,134],{"class":133},[20,655,656],{},"What happens here:",[154,658,659,664,672],{},[157,660,661,663],{},[15,662,99],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[157,665,666,668,669,671],{},[15,667,488],{}," and ",[15,670,391],{}," are added",[157,673,674,675,677],{},"The second ",[15,676,391],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,679,680,681,685],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[30,682,684],{"href":683},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[38,687,689],{"id":688},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,691,692,693,695],{},"You can use ",[15,694,17],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[43,697,699],{"className":45,"code":698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,700,701,722,743,747,763,767,778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,702,703,706,708,710,712,714,716,718,720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,704,705],{"class":58},"set_a ",[52,707,63],{"class":62},[52,709,67],{"class":66},[52,711,71],{"class":70},[52,713,74],{"class":66},[52,715,77],{"class":70},[52,717,74],{"class":66},[52,719,104],{"class":70},[52,721,80],{"class":66},[52,723,724,727,729,731,733,735,737,739,741],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,725,726],{"class":58},"set_b ",[52,728,63],{"class":62},[52,730,67],{"class":66},[52,732,488],{"class":70},[52,734,74],{"class":66},[52,736,109],{"class":70},[52,738,74],{"class":66},[52,740,396],{"class":70},[52,742,80],{"class":66},[52,744,745],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,746,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,748,749,752,754,756,758,761],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,750,751],{"class":58},"set_a",[52,753,89],{"class":66},[52,755,93],{"class":92},[52,757,122],{"class":66},[52,759,760],{"class":92},"set_b",[52,762,127],{"class":66},[52,764,765],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,766,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,768,770,772,774,776],{"class":54,"line":769},6,[52,771,119],{"class":118},[52,773,122],{"class":66},[52,775,751],{"class":92},[52,777,127],{"class":66},[52,779,781],{"class":54,"line":780},7,[52,782,783],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,785,786],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,788,789,790,89],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[30,791,793],{"href":792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,794,795],{},"set.union()",[43,797,799],{"className":45,"code":798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,800,801,821,841,845,866,870,881,885,896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,802,803,805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,804,705],{"class":58},[52,806,63],{"class":62},[52,808,67],{"class":66},[52,810,71],{"class":70},[52,812,74],{"class":66},[52,814,77],{"class":70},[52,816,74],{"class":66},[52,818,104],{"class":70},[52,820,80],{"class":66},[52,822,823,825,827,829,831,833,835,837,839],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,824,726],{"class":58},[52,826,63],{"class":62},[52,828,67],{"class":66},[52,830,488],{"class":70},[52,832,74],{"class":66},[52,834,109],{"class":70},[52,836,74],{"class":66},[52,838,396],{"class":70},[52,840,80],{"class":66},[52,842,843],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,844,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,846,847,850,852,855,857,860,862,864],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,848,849],{"class":58},"combined ",[52,851,63],{"class":62},[52,853,854],{"class":58}," set_a",[52,856,89],{"class":66},[52,858,859],{"class":92},"union",[52,861,122],{"class":66},[52,863,760],{"class":92},[52,865,127],{"class":66},[52,867,868],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,869,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,871,872,874,876,879],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,873,119],{"class":118},[52,875,122],{"class":66},[52,877,878],{"class":92},"combined",[52,880,127],{"class":66},[52,882,883],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,884,783],{"class":133},[52,886,888,890,892,894],{"class":54,"line":887},8,[52,889,119],{"class":118},[52,891,122],{"class":66},[52,893,751],{"class":92},[52,895,127],{"class":66},[52,897,899],{"class":54,"line":898},9,[52,900,901],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[38,903,905],{"id":904},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,907,908,909,911],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,910,17],{}," adds each character separately.",[43,913,915],{"className":45,"code":914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,916,917,935,955,959,969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,918,919,922,924,926,928,931,933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,920,921],{"class":58},"letters ",[52,923,63],{"class":62},[52,925,67],{"class":66},[52,927,189],{"class":188},[52,929,930],{"class":192},"x",[52,932,189],{"class":188},[52,934,80],{"class":66},[52,936,937,940,942,944,946,948,951,953],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,938,939],{"class":58},"letters",[52,941,89],{"class":66},[52,943,93],{"class":92},[52,945,122],{"class":66},[52,947,189],{"class":188},[52,949,950],{"class":192},"cat",[52,952,189],{"class":188},[52,954,127],{"class":66},[52,956,957],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,958,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,960,961,963,965,967],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,962,119],{"class":118},[52,964,122],{"class":66},[52,966,939],{"class":92},[52,968,127],{"class":66},[52,970,971],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,972,973],{"class":133},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,975,976],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,978,979,982,983,987,988,991],{},[15,980,981],{},"update(\"cat\")"," does ",[984,985,986],"strong",{},"not"," add ",[15,989,990],{},"\"cat\""," as one item. It adds:",[154,993,994,999,1004],{},[157,995,996],{},[15,997,998],{},"\"c\"",[157,1000,1001],{},[15,1002,1003],{},"\"a\"",[157,1005,1006],{},[15,1007,1008],{},"\"t\"",[20,1010,1011,1012,152],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[30,1013,1014],{"href":32},[15,1015,35],{},[43,1017,1019],{"className":45,"code":1018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,1020,1021,1039,1059,1063,1073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1022,1023,1026,1028,1030,1032,1035,1037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1024,1025],{"class":58},"words ",[52,1027,63],{"class":62},[52,1029,67],{"class":66},[52,1031,189],{"class":188},[52,1033,1034],{"class":192},"dog",[52,1036,189],{"class":188},[52,1038,80],{"class":66},[52,1040,1041,1044,1046,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1042,1043],{"class":58},"words",[52,1045,89],{"class":66},[52,1047,1048],{"class":92},"add",[52,1050,122],{"class":66},[52,1052,189],{"class":188},[52,1054,950],{"class":192},[52,1056,189],{"class":188},[52,1058,127],{"class":66},[52,1060,1061],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1062,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1064,1065,1067,1069,1071],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1066,119],{"class":118},[52,1068,122],{"class":66},[52,1070,1043],{"class":92},[52,1072,127],{"class":66},[52,1074,1075],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1076,1077],{"class":133},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[38,1079,1081,1083,1084],{"id":1080},"update-vs-add",[15,1082,17],{}," vs ",[15,1085,1086],{},"add()",[20,1088,1089],{},"The difference is simple:",[154,1091,1092,1097],{},[157,1093,1094,1096],{},[15,1095,1086],{}," adds one item",[157,1098,1099,1101],{},[15,1100,17],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,1103,1104,1105,152],{},"Example with ",[15,1106,1086],{},[43,1108,1110],{"className":45,"code":1109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,1111,1112,1130,1150,1154,1164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1113,1114,1117,1119,1121,1123,1126,1128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1115,1116],{"class":58},"fruits ",[52,1118,63],{"class":62},[52,1120,67],{"class":66},[52,1122,189],{"class":188},[52,1124,1125],{"class":192},"apple",[52,1127,189],{"class":188},[52,1129,80],{"class":66},[52,1131,1132,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143,1146,1148],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1133,1134],{"class":58},"fruits",[52,1136,89],{"class":66},[52,1138,1048],{"class":92},[52,1140,122],{"class":66},[52,1142,189],{"class":188},[52,1144,1145],{"class":192},"banana",[52,1147,189],{"class":188},[52,1149,127],{"class":66},[52,1151,1152],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1153,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1155,1156,1158,1160,1162],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1157,119],{"class":118},[52,1159,122],{"class":66},[52,1161,1134],{"class":92},[52,1163,127],{"class":66},[52,1165,1166],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1167,1168],{"class":133},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,1170,1104,1171,152],{},[15,1172,17],{},[43,1174,1176],{"className":45,"code":1175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,1177,1178,1194,1221,1225,1235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1179,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1181,1116],{"class":58},[52,1183,63],{"class":62},[52,1185,67],{"class":66},[52,1187,189],{"class":188},[52,1189,1125],{"class":192},[52,1191,189],{"class":188},[52,1193,80],{"class":66},[52,1195,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1217,1219],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1197,1134],{"class":58},[52,1199,89],{"class":66},[52,1201,93],{"class":92},[52,1203,96],{"class":66},[52,1205,189],{"class":188},[52,1207,1145],{"class":192},[52,1209,189],{"class":188},[52,1211,74],{"class":66},[52,1213,200],{"class":188},[52,1215,1216],{"class":192},"orange",[52,1218,189],{"class":188},[52,1220,112],{"class":66},[52,1222,1223],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1224,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1226,1227,1229,1231,1233],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1228,119],{"class":118},[52,1230,122],{"class":66},[52,1232,1134],{"class":92},[52,1234,127],{"class":66},[52,1236,1237],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1238,1239],{"class":133},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,1241,1242],{},"Important warning with strings:",[43,1244,1246],{"className":45,"code":1245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,1247,1248,1264,1283,1287,1297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1249,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1251,1116],{"class":58},[52,1253,63],{"class":62},[52,1255,67],{"class":66},[52,1257,189],{"class":188},[52,1259,1125],{"class":192},[52,1261,189],{"class":188},[52,1263,80],{"class":66},[52,1265,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1279,1281],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1267,1134],{"class":58},[52,1269,89],{"class":66},[52,1271,93],{"class":92},[52,1273,122],{"class":66},[52,1275,189],{"class":188},[52,1277,1278],{"class":192},"kiwi",[52,1280,189],{"class":188},[52,1282,127],{"class":66},[52,1284,1285],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1286,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1288,1289,1291,1293,1295],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1290,119],{"class":118},[52,1292,122],{"class":66},[52,1294,1134],{"class":92},[52,1296,127],{"class":66},[52,1298,1299],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1300,1301],{"class":133},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,1303,1304,1305,1308,1309,1311],{},"If you wanted ",[15,1306,1307],{},"\"kiwi\""," as one item, use ",[15,1310,1086],{}," instead.",[38,1313,1315,1083,1317],{"id":1314},"update-vs-union",[15,1316,17],{},[15,1318,1319],{},"union()",[20,1321,1322],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1324,1325,1326],"h3",{"id":93},[15,1327,17],{},[154,1329,1330,1333],{},[157,1331,1332],{},"Changes the existing set",[157,1334,1335,1336],{},"Returns ",[15,1337,445],{},[43,1339,1341],{"className":45,"code":1340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,1342,1343,1360,1377,1381,1396,1406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1344,1345,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1346,1347],{"class":58},"a ",[52,1349,63],{"class":62},[52,1351,67],{"class":66},[52,1353,71],{"class":70},[52,1355,74],{"class":66},[52,1357,77],{"class":70},[52,1359,80],{"class":66},[52,1361,1362,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1375],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1363,1364],{"class":58},"b ",[52,1366,63],{"class":62},[52,1368,67],{"class":66},[52,1370,99],{"class":70},[52,1372,74],{"class":66},[52,1374,104],{"class":70},[52,1376,80],{"class":66},[52,1378,1379],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1380,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1382,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1394],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1384,30],{"class":58},[52,1386,89],{"class":66},[52,1388,93],{"class":92},[52,1390,122],{"class":66},[52,1392,1393],{"class":92},"b",[52,1395,127],{"class":66},[52,1397,1398,1400,1402,1404],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1399,119],{"class":118},[52,1401,122],{"class":66},[52,1403,30],{"class":92},[52,1405,127],{"class":66},[52,1407,1408],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,1409,901],{"class":133},[1324,1411,1412],{"id":859},[15,1413,1319],{},[154,1415,1416,1419],{},[157,1417,1418],{},"Returns a new set",[157,1420,1421],{},"Does not change the original set",[43,1423,1425],{"className":45,"code":1424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,1426,1427,1443,1459,1463,1483,1494,1498,1508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1428,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1430,1347],{"class":58},[52,1432,63],{"class":62},[52,1434,67],{"class":66},[52,1436,71],{"class":70},[52,1438,74],{"class":66},[52,1440,77],{"class":70},[52,1442,80],{"class":66},[52,1444,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1446,1364],{"class":58},[52,1448,63],{"class":62},[52,1450,67],{"class":66},[52,1452,99],{"class":70},[52,1454,74],{"class":66},[52,1456,104],{"class":70},[52,1458,80],{"class":66},[52,1460,1461],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1462,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1464,1465,1468,1470,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1466,1467],{"class":58},"c ",[52,1469,63],{"class":62},[52,1471,1472],{"class":58}," a",[52,1474,89],{"class":66},[52,1476,859],{"class":92},[52,1478,122],{"class":66},[52,1480,1393],{"class":92},[52,1482,127],{"class":66},[52,1484,1485,1487,1489,1492],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1486,119],{"class":118},[52,1488,122],{"class":66},[52,1490,1491],{"class":92},"c",[52,1493,127],{"class":66},[52,1495,1496],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,1497,901],{"class":133},[52,1499,1500,1502,1504,1506],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,1501,119],{"class":118},[52,1503,122],{"class":66},[52,1505,30],{"class":92},[52,1507,127],{"class":66},[52,1509,1510],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,1511,1512],{"class":133},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,1514,1515,1516,1518,1519,1523],{},"Choose ",[15,1517,17],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[30,1520,1521],{"href":792},[15,1522,1319],{}," when you want a new set.",[38,1525,1527],{"id":1526},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,1529,1530,1531,89],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1532,24],{},[1324,1534,1536],{"id":1535},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,1538,1539],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[43,1541,1543],{"className":45,"code":1542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,1544,1545,1562,1585,1589,1599],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1546,1547,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1548,1549],{"class":58},"my_set ",[52,1551,63],{"class":62},[52,1553,67],{"class":66},[52,1555,71],{"class":70},[52,1557,74],{"class":66},[52,1559,77],{"class":70},[52,1561,80],{"class":66},[52,1563,1564,1566,1568,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1565,474],{"class":58},[52,1567,63],{"class":62},[52,1569,1570],{"class":58}," my_set",[52,1572,89],{"class":66},[52,1574,93],{"class":92},[52,1576,96],{"class":66},[52,1578,488],{"class":70},[52,1580,74],{"class":66},[52,1582,109],{"class":70},[52,1584,112],{"class":66},[52,1586,1587],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1588,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1590,1591,1593,1595,1597],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1592,119],{"class":118},[52,1594,122],{"class":66},[52,1596,507],{"class":92},[52,1598,127],{"class":66},[52,1600,1601],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1602,514],{"class":133},[20,1604,1605,1606,152],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,1607,17],{},[43,1609,1611],{"className":45,"code":1610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,1612,1613,1629,1647,1651,1661],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1614,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1616,1549],{"class":58},[52,1618,63],{"class":62},[52,1620,67],{"class":66},[52,1622,71],{"class":70},[52,1624,74],{"class":66},[52,1626,77],{"class":70},[52,1628,80],{"class":66},[52,1630,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1632,281],{"class":58},[52,1634,89],{"class":66},[52,1636,93],{"class":92},[52,1638,96],{"class":66},[52,1640,488],{"class":70},[52,1642,74],{"class":66},[52,1644,109],{"class":70},[52,1646,112],{"class":66},[52,1648,1649],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1650,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1652,1653,1655,1657,1659],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1654,119],{"class":118},[52,1656,122],{"class":66},[52,1658,281],{"class":92},[52,1660,127],{"class":66},[52,1662,1663],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1664,134],{"class":133},[1324,1666,1668],{"id":1667},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,1670,1671],{},"This causes an error:",[43,1673,1675],{"className":45,"code":1674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,1676,1677,1693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1678,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687,1689,1691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1680,1549],{"class":58},[52,1682,63],{"class":62},[52,1684,67],{"class":66},[52,1686,71],{"class":70},[52,1688,74],{"class":66},[52,1690,77],{"class":70},[52,1692,80],{"class":66},[52,1694,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703,1706],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1696,281],{"class":58},[52,1698,89],{"class":66},[52,1700,93],{"class":92},[52,1702,122],{"class":66},[52,1704,1705],{"class":70},"5",[52,1707,127],{"class":66},[20,1709,1710,1711,1714,1715,1717],{},"You will get a ",[15,1712,1713],{},"TypeError"," because ",[15,1716,1705],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,1719,1720],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[43,1722,1724],{"className":45,"code":1723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,1725,1726,1742,1756,1760,1770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1727,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1729,1549],{"class":58},[52,1731,63],{"class":62},[52,1733,67],{"class":66},[52,1735,71],{"class":70},[52,1737,74],{"class":66},[52,1739,77],{"class":70},[52,1741,80],{"class":66},[52,1743,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1745,281],{"class":58},[52,1747,89],{"class":66},[52,1749,93],{"class":92},[52,1751,96],{"class":66},[52,1753,1705],{"class":70},[52,1755,112],{"class":66},[52,1757,1758],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1759,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1761,1762,1764,1766,1768],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1763,119],{"class":118},[52,1765,122],{"class":66},[52,1767,281],{"class":92},[52,1769,127],{"class":66},[52,1771,1772],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1773,1774],{"class":133},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,1776,1777,1778,89],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[30,1779,1781,1782],{"href":1780},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,1783,1784],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1324,1786,1788],{"id":1787},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,1790,1791],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[43,1793,1795],{"className":45,"code":1794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,1796,1797,1813,1839,1843,1853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1798,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1800,1549],{"class":58},[52,1802,63],{"class":62},[52,1804,67],{"class":66},[52,1806,71],{"class":70},[52,1808,74],{"class":66},[52,1810,77],{"class":70},[52,1812,80],{"class":66},[52,1814,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1816,281],{"class":58},[52,1818,89],{"class":66},[52,1820,93],{"class":92},[52,1822,96],{"class":66},[52,1824,99],{"class":70},[52,1826,74],{"class":66},[52,1828,77],{"class":70},[52,1830,74],{"class":66},[52,1832,77],{"class":70},[52,1834,74],{"class":66},[52,1836,104],{"class":70},[52,1838,112],{"class":66},[52,1840,1841],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1842,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1844,1845,1847,1849,1851],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1846,119],{"class":118},[52,1848,122],{"class":66},[52,1850,281],{"class":92},[52,1852,127],{"class":66},[52,1854,1855],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1856,901],{"class":133},[1324,1858,1860,1861,1863,1864,1866],{"id":1859},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,1862,17],{}," when ",[15,1865,1086],{}," is better",[20,1868,1869,1870,1872],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,1871,1086],{}," is usually the better choice.",[43,1874,1876],{"className":45,"code":1875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,1877,1878,1894,1912,1916,1926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1879,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1881,1549],{"class":58},[52,1883,63],{"class":62},[52,1885,67],{"class":66},[52,1887,189],{"class":188},[52,1889,1034],{"class":192},[52,1891,189],{"class":188},[52,1893,80],{"class":66},[52,1895,1896,1898,1900,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,1897,281],{"class":58},[52,1899,89],{"class":66},[52,1901,1048],{"class":92},[52,1903,122],{"class":66},[52,1905,189],{"class":188},[52,1907,950],{"class":192},[52,1909,189],{"class":188},[52,1911,127],{"class":66},[52,1913,1914],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1915,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,1917,1918,1920,1922,1924],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,1919,119],{"class":118},[52,1921,122],{"class":66},[52,1923,281],{"class":92},[52,1925,127],{"class":66},[52,1927,1928],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,1929,1077],{"class":133},[38,1931,1933],{"id":1932},"faq","FAQ",[1324,1935,1937,1938,1940],{"id":1936},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set","Does ",[15,1939,24],{}," return a new set?",[20,1942,1943,1944,89],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,1945,445],{},[1324,1947,1949,1950,1952],{"id":1948},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list","Can I use ",[15,1951,17],{}," with a list?",[20,1954,1955],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1324,1957,1959,1960,668,1962,1964],{"id":1958},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update","What is the difference between ",[15,1961,1086],{},[15,1963,17],{},"?",[20,1966,1967,1969,1970,1972],{},[15,1968,1086],{}," adds one item. ",[15,1971,17],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1324,1974,1976],{"id":1975},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,1978,1979,1980,911],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,1981,17],{},[1324,1983,1985],{"id":1984},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,1987,137,1988,1990,1991,89],{},[15,1989,1319],{}," instead of ",[15,1992,17],{},[38,1994,1996],{"id":1995},"see-also","See also",[154,1998,1999,2006,2013,2020,2027],{},[157,2000,2001],{},[30,2002,2003],{"href":32},[15,2004,2005],{},"Python set add() method",[157,2007,2008],{},[30,2009,2010],{"href":792},[15,2011,2012],{},"Python set union() method",[157,2014,2015],{},[30,2016,2017],{"href":432},[15,2018,2019],{},"How to create a set in Python",[157,2021,2022],{},[30,2023,2024],{"href":683},[15,2025,2026],{},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[157,2028,2029],{},[30,2030,2031,2033],{"href":1780},[15,2032,1784],{}," fix",[20,2035,2036,2037,2039,2040,2042],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,2038,35],{}," for a single value and ",[15,2041,795],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2044,2045,2046],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":2048},[2049,2050,2052,2053,2054,2055,2056,2057,2059,2064,2071,2081],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":143,"depth":83,"text":2051},"What set.update() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":436,"depth":83,"text":437},{"id":582,"depth":83,"text":583},{"id":688,"depth":83,"text":689},{"id":904,"depth":83,"text":905},{"id":1080,"depth":83,"text":2058},"update() vs add()",{"id":1314,"depth":83,"text":2060,"children":2061},"update() vs union()",[2062,2063],{"id":93,"depth":115,"text":17},{"id":859,"depth":115,"text":1319},{"id":1526,"depth":83,"text":1527,"children":2065},[2066,2067,2068,2069],{"id":1535,"depth":115,"text":1536},{"id":1667,"depth":115,"text":1668},{"id":1787,"depth":115,"text":1788},{"id":1859,"depth":115,"text":2070},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":2072},[2073,2075,2077,2079,2080],{"id":1936,"depth":115,"text":2074},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":1948,"depth":115,"text":2076},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":1958,"depth":115,"text":2078},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":1975,"depth":115,"text":1976},{"id":1984,"depth":115,"text":1985},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method",{"title":5,"description":2082},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",[2090,3689,5395,7090,9232,11428,12944,15117,17322,19777,21615,24179,26277,28558,30506,32412,34408,35848,37672,40196,42358,43587,44957,46603,48924,50768,52749,54443,55696,57389,59139,61111,62857,64956,66316,68266,69829,71820,73615,75515,77957,80035,82672,84700,86663,88851,90855,93168,94850,96295,97474,98650,100488,102924,104628,106643,108165,109410,110573,111953,114021,115782,117556,119422,121541,123281,124743,126337,128260,129937,131872,133361,136145,137722,139281,141309,143261,144724,145913,147799,149210,150906,152460,153882,155285,157183,159577,161408],{"id":2091,"title":2092,"body":2093,"description":3683,"extension":2083,"meta":3684,"navigation":240,"path":3685,"seo":3686,"stem":3687,"__hash__":3688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2094,"toc":3655},[2095,2098,2105,2108,2119,2122,2126,2191,2194,2214,2219,2223,2228,2231,2247,2250,2275,2278,2280,2283,2298,2301,2328,2330,2388,2390,2405,2415,2426,2430,2433,2487,2489,2509,2512,2535,2542,2546,2551,2557,2559,2596,2598,2607,2613,2630,2633,2645,2649,2654,2658,2661,2680,2682,2739,2741,2749,2752,2756,2788,2790,2798,2801,2805,2810,2858,2860,2868,2872,2932,2934,2942,2945,2949,2953,2955,2978,2987,3003,3055,3057,3072,3083,3087,3090,3118,3124,3128,3133,3174,3176,3187,3190,3233,3235,3243,3247,3252,3274,3276,3285,3294,3298,3303,3325,3327,3398,3400,3452,3455,3458,3461,3541,3543,3574,3576,3580,3583,3587,3590,3594,3597,3601,3613,3617,3620,3622,3652],[10,2096,2092],{"id":2097},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2099,2100,2101,2104],{},"The ",[15,2102,2103],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2106,2107],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[154,2109,2110,2113,2116],{},[157,2111,2112],{},"a number without its negative sign",[157,2114,2115],{},"the distance between two numbers",[157,2117,2118],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2120,2121],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[38,2123,2125],{"id":2124},"quick-example","Quick example",[43,2127,2129],{"className":45,"code":2128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2130,2131,2151,2166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2132,2133,2135,2137,2140,2142,2145,2148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2134,119],{"class":118},[52,2136,122],{"class":66},[52,2138,2139],{"class":118},"abs",[52,2141,122],{"class":66},[52,2143,2144],{"class":62},"-",[52,2146,2147],{"class":70},"7",[52,2149,2150],{"class":66},"))\n",[52,2152,2153,2155,2157,2159,2161,2164],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2154,119],{"class":118},[52,2156,122],{"class":66},[52,2158,2139],{"class":118},[52,2160,122],{"class":66},[52,2162,2163],{"class":70},"3.5",[52,2165,2150],{"class":66},[52,2167,2168,2170,2172,2174,2176,2178,2180,2183,2185,2189],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2169,119],{"class":118},[52,2171,122],{"class":66},[52,2173,2139],{"class":118},[52,2175,122],{"class":66},[52,2177,2144],{"class":62},[52,2179,99],{"class":70},[52,2181,2182],{"class":62},"+",[52,2184,488],{"class":70},[52,2186,2188],{"class":2187},"sbsja","j",[52,2190,2150],{"class":66},[20,2192,2193],{},"Output:",[43,2195,2197],{"className":45,"code":2196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2198,2199,2204,2209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2200,2201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2202,2203],{"class":70},"7\n",[52,2205,2206],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2207,2208],{"class":70},"3.5\n",[52,2210,2211],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2212,2213],{"class":70},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2215,137,2216,2218],{},[15,2217,2103],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[38,2220,2222],{"id":2221},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2224,2225,2227],{},[15,2226,2103],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2229,2230],{},"That means:",[154,2232,2233,2236,2239],{},[157,2234,2235],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[157,2237,2238],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[157,2240,2241,2244,2245],{},[15,2242,2243],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2246,2243],{},[20,2248,2249],{},"Examples:",[154,2251,2252,2260,2268],{},[157,2253,2254,2257,2258],{},[15,2255,2256],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2259,1705],{},[157,2261,2262,2257,2265],{},[15,2263,2264],{},"abs(9)",[15,2266,2267],{},"9",[157,2269,2270,2257,2273],{},[15,2271,2272],{},"abs(0)",[15,2274,2243],{},[20,2276,2277],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[38,2279,268],{"id":267},[20,2281,2282],{},"The syntax is:",[43,2284,2286],{"className":45,"code":2285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(x)\n",[15,2287,2288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2289,2290,2292,2294,2296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2291,2139],{"class":118},[52,2293,122],{"class":66},[52,2295,930],{"class":92},[52,2297,127],{"class":66},[20,2299,2300],{},"Here:",[154,2302,2303,2320,2325],{},[157,2304,2305,2307,2308,2311,2312,2315,2316,2319],{},[15,2306,930],{}," is usually an ",[15,2309,2310],{},"int",", ",[15,2313,2314],{},"float",", or ",[15,2317,2318],{},"complex"," number",[157,2321,2322,2324],{},[15,2323,2103],{}," returns a new value",[157,2326,2327],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2329,347],{},[43,2331,2333],{"className":45,"code":2332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2334,2335,2348,2364,2368,2378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2336,2337,2340,2342,2345],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2338,2339],{"class":58},"number ",[52,2341,63],{"class":62},[52,2343,2344],{"class":62}," -",[52,2346,2347],{"class":70},"12\n",[52,2349,2350,2352,2354,2357,2359,2362],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2351,474],{"class":58},[52,2353,63],{"class":62},[52,2355,2356],{"class":118}," abs",[52,2358,122],{"class":66},[52,2360,2361],{"class":92},"number",[52,2363,127],{"class":66},[52,2365,2366],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2367,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,2369,2370,2372,2374,2376],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,2371,119],{"class":118},[52,2373,122],{"class":66},[52,2375,2361],{"class":92},[52,2377,127],{"class":66},[52,2379,2380,2382,2384,2386],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,2381,119],{"class":118},[52,2383,122],{"class":66},[52,2385,507],{"class":92},[52,2387,127],{"class":66},[20,2389,2193],{},[43,2391,2393],{"className":45,"code":2392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-12\n12\n",[15,2394,2395,2401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2396,2397,2399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2398,2144],{"class":62},[52,2400,2347],{"class":70},[52,2402,2403],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2404,2347],{"class":70},[20,2406,2407,2408,2410,2411,2414],{},"Notice that ",[15,2409,2361],{}," is still ",[15,2412,2413],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2416,2417,2418,2425],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[30,2419,2421,2424],{"href":2420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2422,2423],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[38,2427,2429],{"id":2428},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2431,2432],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[43,2434,2436],{"className":45,"code":2435,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2437,2438,2455,2470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2439,2440,2442,2444,2446,2448,2450,2453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2441,119],{"class":118},[52,2443,122],{"class":66},[52,2445,2139],{"class":118},[52,2447,122],{"class":66},[52,2449,2144],{"class":62},[52,2451,2452],{"class":70},"10",[52,2454,2150],{"class":66},[52,2456,2457,2459,2461,2463,2465,2468],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2458,119],{"class":118},[52,2460,122],{"class":66},[52,2462,2139],{"class":118},[52,2464,122],{"class":66},[52,2466,2467],{"class":70},"8",[52,2469,2150],{"class":66},[52,2471,2472,2474,2476,2478,2480,2482,2485],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2473,119],{"class":118},[52,2475,122],{"class":66},[52,2477,2139],{"class":118},[52,2479,122],{"class":66},[52,2481,2144],{"class":62},[52,2483,2484],{"class":70},"4.2",[52,2486,2150],{"class":66},[20,2488,2193],{},[43,2490,2492],{"className":45,"code":2491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2493,2494,2499,2504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2495,2496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2497,2498],{"class":70},"10\n",[52,2500,2501],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2502,2503],{"class":70},"8\n",[52,2505,2506],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2507,2508],{"class":70},"4.2\n",[20,2510,2511],{},"What each line does:",[154,2513,2514,2521,2528],{},[157,2515,2516,442,2519],{},[15,2517,2518],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2520,2452],{},[157,2522,2523,442,2526],{},[15,2524,2525],{},"abs(8)",[15,2527,2467],{},[157,2529,2530,442,2533],{},[15,2531,2532],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2534,2484],{},[20,2536,2537,2538,89],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[30,2539,2541],{"href":2540},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[38,2543,2545],{"id":2544},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2547,2548,2550],{},[15,2549,2103],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2552,2553,2554,2556],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2555,2243],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2558,347],{},[43,2560,2562],{"className":45,"code":2561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2563,2564,2581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2565,2566,2569,2571,2573,2576,2578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2567,2568],{"class":58},"value ",[52,2570,63],{"class":62},[52,2572,104],{"class":70},[52,2574,2575],{"class":62}," +",[52,2577,109],{"class":70},[52,2579,2580],{"class":2187},"j\n",[52,2582,2583,2585,2587,2589,2591,2594],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2584,119],{"class":118},[52,2586,122],{"class":66},[52,2588,2139],{"class":118},[52,2590,122],{"class":66},[52,2592,2593],{"class":92},"value",[52,2595,2150],{"class":66},[20,2597,2193],{},[43,2599,2601],{"className":45,"code":2600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n",[15,2602,2603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2604,2605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2606,2600],{"class":70},[20,2608,2609,2610,1964],{},"Why ",[15,2611,2612],{},"5.0",[154,2614,2615,2620,2625],{},[157,2616,2617,2618],{},"the real part is ",[15,2619,488],{},[157,2621,2622,2623],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2624,391],{},[157,2626,2627,2628],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2629,2612],{},[20,2631,2632],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[154,2634,2635,2642],{},[157,2636,2637,2639,2640],{},[15,2638,2103],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2641,2314],{},[157,2643,2644],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[38,2646,2648],{"id":2647},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2650,2651,2652,89],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2653,2103],{},[1324,2655,2657],{"id":2656},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2659,2660],{},"A very common pattern is:",[43,2662,2664],{"className":45,"code":2663,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2665,2666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2667,2668,2670,2672,2674,2676,2678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2669,2139],{"class":118},[52,2671,122],{"class":66},[52,2673,1347],{"class":92},[52,2675,2144],{"class":62},[52,2677,337],{"class":92},[52,2679,127],{"class":66},[20,2681,347],{},[43,2683,2685],{"className":45,"code":2684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2686,2687,2696,2705,2709,2728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2688,2689,2691,2693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2690,1347],{"class":58},[52,2692,63],{"class":62},[52,2694,2695],{"class":70}," 3\n",[52,2697,2698,2700,2702],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2699,1364],{"class":58},[52,2701,63],{"class":62},[52,2703,2704],{"class":70}," 10\n",[52,2706,2707],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2708,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,2710,2711,2714,2716,2718,2720,2722,2724,2726],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,2712,2713],{"class":58},"distance ",[52,2715,63],{"class":62},[52,2717,2356],{"class":118},[52,2719,122],{"class":66},[52,2721,1347],{"class":92},[52,2723,2144],{"class":62},[52,2725,337],{"class":92},[52,2727,127],{"class":66},[52,2729,2730,2732,2734,2737],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,2731,119],{"class":118},[52,2733,122],{"class":66},[52,2735,2736],{"class":92},"distance",[52,2738,127],{"class":66},[20,2740,2193],{},[43,2742,2743],{"className":45,"code":2203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2744,2745],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2746,2747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2748,2203],{"class":70},[20,2750,2751],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1324,2753,2755],{"id":2754},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[43,2757,2759],{"className":45,"code":2758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2760,2761,2773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2762,2763,2766,2768,2770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2764,2765],{"class":58},"temperature_change ",[52,2767,63],{"class":62},[52,2769,2344],{"class":62},[52,2771,2772],{"class":70},"6\n",[52,2774,2775,2777,2779,2781,2783,2786],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2776,119],{"class":118},[52,2778,122],{"class":66},[52,2780,2139],{"class":118},[52,2782,122],{"class":66},[52,2784,2785],{"class":92},"temperature_change",[52,2787,2150],{"class":66},[20,2789,2193],{},[43,2791,2792],{"className":45,"code":2772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2793,2794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2795,2796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2797,2772],{"class":70},[20,2799,2800],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1324,2802,2804],{"id":2803},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2806,2807,2808,2425],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2809,2103],{},[43,2811,2813],{"className":45,"code":2812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2814,2815,2827,2843,2847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2816,2817,2820,2822,2824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2818,2819],{"class":58},"balance_change ",[52,2821,63],{"class":62},[52,2823,2344],{"class":62},[52,2825,2826],{"class":70},"25\n",[52,2828,2829,2832,2834,2836,2838,2841],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2830,2831],{"class":58},"safe_value ",[52,2833,63],{"class":62},[52,2835,2356],{"class":118},[52,2837,122],{"class":66},[52,2839,2840],{"class":92},"balance_change",[52,2842,127],{"class":66},[52,2844,2845],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2846,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,2848,2849,2851,2853,2856],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,2850,119],{"class":118},[52,2852,122],{"class":66},[52,2854,2855],{"class":92},"safe_value",[52,2857,127],{"class":66},[20,2859,2193],{},[43,2861,2862],{"className":45,"code":2826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2863,2864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2865,2866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2867,2826],{"class":70},[1324,2869,2871],{"id":2870},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[43,2873,2875],{"className":45,"code":2874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2876,2877,2887,2897,2901,2921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2878,2879,2882,2884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2880,2881],{"class":58},"guess ",[52,2883,63],{"class":62},[52,2885,2886],{"class":70}," 42\n",[52,2888,2889,2892,2894],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,2890,2891],{"class":58},"target ",[52,2893,63],{"class":62},[52,2895,2896],{"class":70}," 50\n",[52,2898,2899],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2900,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,2902,2903,2906,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2919],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,2904,2905],{"class":58},"difference ",[52,2907,63],{"class":62},[52,2909,2356],{"class":118},[52,2911,122],{"class":66},[52,2913,2881],{"class":92},[52,2915,2144],{"class":62},[52,2917,2918],{"class":92}," target",[52,2920,127],{"class":66},[52,2922,2923,2925,2927,2930],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,2924,119],{"class":118},[52,2926,122],{"class":66},[52,2928,2929],{"class":92},"difference",[52,2931,127],{"class":66},[20,2933,2193],{},[43,2935,2936],{"className":45,"code":2503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2937,2938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2939,2940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2941,2503],{"class":70},[20,2943,2944],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[38,2946,2948],{"id":2947},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1324,2950,2952],{"id":2951},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2954,1671],{},[43,2956,2958],{"className":45,"code":2957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2959,2960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2961,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2963,119],{"class":118},[52,2965,122],{"class":66},[52,2967,2139],{"class":118},[52,2969,122],{"class":66},[52,2971,189],{"class":188},[52,2973,1705],{"class":192},[52,2975,189],{"class":188},[52,2977,2150],{"class":66},[20,2979,2980,2983,2984,2986],{},[15,2981,2982],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2985,2103],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2988,2989,2990,2996,2997,152],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[30,2991,2993],{"href":2992},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2994,2995],{},"int()"," or ",[30,2998,3000],{"href":2999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3001,3002],{},"float()",[43,3004,3006],{"className":45,"code":3005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3007,3008,3032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3009,3010,3012,3014,3016,3018,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3011,119],{"class":118},[52,3013,122],{"class":66},[52,3015,2139],{"class":118},[52,3017,122],{"class":66},[52,3019,2310],{"class":3020},"sZMiF",[52,3022,122],{"class":66},[52,3024,189],{"class":188},[52,3026,1705],{"class":192},[52,3028,189],{"class":188},[52,3030,3031],{"class":66},")))\n",[52,3033,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048,3051,3053],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3035,119],{"class":118},[52,3037,122],{"class":66},[52,3039,2139],{"class":118},[52,3041,122],{"class":66},[52,3043,2314],{"class":3020},[52,3045,122],{"class":66},[52,3047,189],{"class":188},[52,3049,3050],{"class":192},"-3.2",[52,3052,189],{"class":188},[52,3054,3031],{"class":66},[20,3056,2193],{},[43,3058,3060],{"className":45,"code":3059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3061,3062,3067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3063,3064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3065,3066],{"class":70},"5\n",[52,3068,3069],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3070,3071],{"class":70},"3.2\n",[20,3073,3074,3075,3078,3079,89],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3076,3077],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[30,3080,3082],{"href":3081},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1324,3084,3086],{"id":3085},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3088,3089],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[43,3091,3093],{"className":45,"code":3092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3094,3095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3096,3097,3099,3101,3103,3105,3107,3109,3111,3113,3115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3098,119],{"class":118},[52,3100,122],{"class":66},[52,3102,2139],{"class":118},[52,3104,96],{"class":66},[52,3106,71],{"class":70},[52,3108,74],{"class":66},[52,3110,77],{"class":70},[52,3112,74],{"class":66},[52,3114,104],{"class":70},[52,3116,3117],{"class":66},"]))\n",[20,3119,3120,3121,3123],{},"This raises a ",[15,3122,1713],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1324,3125,3127],{"id":3126},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3129,3130,3132],{},[15,3131,2103],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[43,3134,3136],{"className":45,"code":3135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3137,3138,3150,3160,3164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3139,3140,3143,3145,3147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3141,3142],{"class":58},"x ",[52,3144,63],{"class":62},[52,3146,2344],{"class":62},[52,3148,3149],{"class":70},"9\n",[52,3151,3152,3154,3156,3158],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3153,2139],{"class":118},[52,3155,122],{"class":66},[52,3157,930],{"class":92},[52,3159,127],{"class":66},[52,3161,3162],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3163,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,3165,3166,3168,3170,3172],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,3167,119],{"class":118},[52,3169,122],{"class":66},[52,3171,930],{"class":92},[52,3173,127],{"class":66},[20,3175,2193],{},[43,3177,3179],{"className":45,"code":3178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-9\n",[15,3180,3181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3182,3183,3185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3184,2144],{"class":62},[52,3186,3149],{"class":70},[20,3188,3189],{},"If you want to store the result:",[43,3191,3193],{"className":45,"code":3192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3194,3195,3205,3219,3223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3196,3197,3199,3201,3203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3198,3142],{"class":58},[52,3200,63],{"class":62},[52,3202,2344],{"class":62},[52,3204,3149],{"class":70},[52,3206,3207,3209,3211,3213,3215,3217],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3208,3142],{"class":58},[52,3210,63],{"class":62},[52,3212,2356],{"class":118},[52,3214,122],{"class":66},[52,3216,930],{"class":92},[52,3218,127],{"class":66},[52,3220,3221],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3222,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,3224,3225,3227,3229,3231],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,3226,119],{"class":118},[52,3228,122],{"class":66},[52,3230,930],{"class":92},[52,3232,127],{"class":66},[20,3234,2193],{},[43,3236,3237],{"className":45,"code":3149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3238,3239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3240,3241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3242,3149],{"class":70},[1324,3244,3246],{"id":3245},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3248,3249,3251],{},[15,3250,2103],{}," does not round numbers.",[43,3253,3255],{"className":45,"code":3254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3256,3257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3258,3259,3261,3263,3265,3267,3269,3272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3260,119],{"class":118},[52,3262,122],{"class":66},[52,3264,2139],{"class":118},[52,3266,122],{"class":66},[52,3268,2144],{"class":62},[52,3270,3271],{"class":70},"4.7",[52,3273,2150],{"class":66},[20,3275,2193],{},[43,3277,3279],{"className":45,"code":3278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.7\n",[15,3280,3281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3282,3283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3284,3278],{"class":70},[20,3286,3287,3288,3290,3291,3293],{},"If you expected ",[15,3289,1705],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3292,2103],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[38,3295,3297],{"id":3296},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3299,3300,3302],{},[15,3301,2103],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[154,3304,3305,3312,3319],{},[157,3306,3307,3309,3310],{},[15,3308,2310],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3311,2310],{},[157,3313,3314,3316,3317],{},[15,3315,2314],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3318,2314],{},[157,3320,3321,3316,3323],{},[15,3322,2318],{},[15,3324,2314],{},[20,3326,347],{},[43,3328,3330],{"className":45,"code":3329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3331,3332,3353,3374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3333,3334,3336,3338,3341,3343,3345,3347,3349,3351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3335,119],{"class":118},[52,3337,122],{"class":66},[52,3339,3340],{"class":3020},"type",[52,3342,122],{"class":66},[52,3344,2139],{"class":118},[52,3346,122],{"class":66},[52,3348,2144],{"class":62},[52,3350,1705],{"class":70},[52,3352,3031],{"class":66},[52,3354,3355,3357,3359,3361,3363,3365,3367,3369,3372],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3356,119],{"class":118},[52,3358,122],{"class":66},[52,3360,3340],{"class":3020},[52,3362,122],{"class":66},[52,3364,2139],{"class":118},[52,3366,122],{"class":66},[52,3368,2144],{"class":62},[52,3370,3371],{"class":70},"3.2",[52,3373,3031],{"class":66},[52,3375,3376,3378,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3377,119],{"class":118},[52,3379,122],{"class":66},[52,3381,3340],{"class":3020},[52,3383,122],{"class":66},[52,3385,2139],{"class":118},[52,3387,122],{"class":66},[52,3389,488],{"class":70},[52,3391,2575],{"class":62},[52,3393,109],{"class":70},[52,3395,2188],{"class":2187},[52,3397,3031],{"class":66},[20,3399,2193],{},[43,3401,3403],{"className":45,"code":3402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3404,3405,3424,3438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3406,3407,3410,3413,3416,3418,3421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3408,3409],{"class":62},"\u003C",[52,3411,3412],{"class":2187},"class",[52,3414,3415],{"class":188}," '",[52,3417,2310],{"class":192},[52,3419,3420],{"class":188},"'",[52,3422,3423],{"class":62},">\n",[52,3425,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3427,3409],{"class":62},[52,3429,3412],{"class":2187},[52,3431,3415],{"class":188},[52,3433,2314],{"class":192},[52,3435,3420],{"class":188},[52,3437,3423],{"class":62},[52,3439,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3441,3409],{"class":62},[52,3443,3412],{"class":2187},[52,3445,3415],{"class":188},[52,3447,2314],{"class":192},[52,3449,3420],{"class":188},[52,3451,3423],{"class":62},[20,3453,3454],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3456,3457],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3459,3460],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[43,3462,3464],{"className":45,"code":3463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3465,3466,3480,3490,3504,3508,3522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3467,3468,3470,3472,3474,3477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3469,2568],{"class":58},[52,3471,63],{"class":62},[52,3473,200],{"class":188},[52,3475,3476],{"class":192},"-5",[52,3478,3479],{"class":188},"\"\n",[52,3481,3482,3484,3486,3488],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3483,119],{"class":118},[52,3485,122],{"class":66},[52,3487,2593],{"class":92},[52,3489,127],{"class":66},[52,3491,3492,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3493,119],{"class":118},[52,3495,122],{"class":66},[52,3497,3340],{"class":3020},[52,3499,122],{"class":66},[52,3501,2593],{"class":92},[52,3503,2150],{"class":66},[52,3505,3506],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,3507,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,3509,3510,3513,3515,3517,3520],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,3511,3512],{"class":58},"user_input ",[52,3514,63],{"class":62},[52,3516,200],{"class":188},[52,3518,3519],{"class":192},"-3.7",[52,3521,3479],{"class":188},[52,3523,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534,3536,3539],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,3525,119],{"class":118},[52,3527,122],{"class":66},[52,3529,2139],{"class":118},[52,3531,122],{"class":66},[52,3533,2314],{"class":3020},[52,3535,122],{"class":66},[52,3537,3538],{"class":92},"user_input",[52,3540,3031],{"class":66},[20,3542,2193],{},[43,3544,3546],{"className":45,"code":3545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3547,3548,3554,3569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3549,3550,3552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3551,2144],{"class":62},[52,3553,3066],{"class":70},[52,3555,3556,3558,3560,3562,3565,3567],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3557,3409],{"class":62},[52,3559,3412],{"class":2187},[52,3561,3415],{"class":188},[52,3563,3564],{"class":192},"str",[52,3566,3420],{"class":188},[52,3568,3423],{"class":62},[52,3570,3571],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3572,3573],{"class":70},"3.7\n",[38,3575,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,3577,3579],{"id":3578},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3581,3582],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1324,3584,3586],{"id":3585},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3588,3589],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1324,3591,3593],{"id":3592},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3595,3596],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1324,3598,3600],{"id":3599},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3602,3603,3605,3606,2996,3608,3610,3611,89],{},[15,3604,3077],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3607,2995],{},[15,3609,3002],{}," before using ",[15,3612,2103],{},[1324,3614,3616],{"id":3615},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3618,3619],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[38,3621,1996],{"id":1995},[154,3623,3624,3631,3637,3643,3648],{},[157,3625,3626],{},[30,3627,3628,3630],{"href":2992},[15,3629,2995],{}," function explained",[157,3632,3633],{},[30,3634,3635,3630],{"href":2999},[15,3636,3002],{},[157,3638,3639],{},[30,3640,3641,3630],{"href":2420},[15,3642,2423],{},[157,3644,3645],{},[30,3646,3647],{"href":3081},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[157,3649,3650],{},[30,3651,2541],{"href":2540},[2044,3653,3654],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":3656},[3657,3658,3659,3660,3661,3662,3668,3674,3675,3682],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":2221,"depth":83,"text":2222},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":2428,"depth":83,"text":2429},{"id":2544,"depth":83,"text":2545},{"id":2647,"depth":83,"text":2648,"children":3663},[3664,3665,3666,3667],{"id":2656,"depth":115,"text":2657},{"id":2754,"depth":115,"text":2755},{"id":2803,"depth":115,"text":2804},{"id":2870,"depth":115,"text":2871},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":3669},[3670,3671,3672,3673],{"id":2951,"depth":115,"text":2952},{"id":3085,"depth":115,"text":3086},{"id":3126,"depth":115,"text":3127},{"id":3245,"depth":115,"text":3246},{"id":3296,"depth":83,"text":3297},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":3676},[3677,3678,3679,3680,3681],{"id":3578,"depth":115,"text":3579},{"id":3585,"depth":115,"text":3586},{"id":3592,"depth":115,"text":3593},{"id":3599,"depth":115,"text":3600},{"id":3615,"depth":115,"text":3616},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2092,"description":3683},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3690,"title":3691,"body":3692,"description":5389,"extension":2083,"meta":5390,"navigation":240,"path":5391,"seo":5392,"stem":5393,"__hash__":5394},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3693,"toc":5353},[3694,3702,3708,3711,3728,3730,3786,3796,3801,3805,3824,3827,3843,3846,3850,3858,3875,3878,3917,3920,3927,3933,4009,4011,4043,4049,4053,4057,4096,4098,4107,4114,4118,4157,4159,4168,4178,4182,4234,4236,4244,4247,4250,4297,4299,4307,4313,4320,4325,4328,4331,4397,4399,4407,4410,4477,4479,4487,4501,4504,4515,4519,4525,4528,4530,4546,4548,4556,4559,4562,4565,4582,4585,4588,4618,4620,4633,4637,4641,4644,4659,4664,4667,4694,4701,4704,4743,4749,4755,4763,4766,4818,4825,4889,4894,4903,4906,4924,4930,4933,5075,5081,5086,5089,5100,5103,5159,5161,5169,5172,5231,5233,5241,5244,5255,5257,5264,5273,5282,5285,5292,5295,5303,5316,5318,5350],[10,3695,3697,3698,3701],{"id":3696},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3699,3700],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3703,3704,3705,3707],{},"Python’s ",[15,3706,3700],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3709,3710],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[154,3712,3713,3716,3719],{},[157,3714,3715],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[157,3717,3718],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[157,3720,3721,442,3724,3727],{},[15,3722,3723],{},"all([])",[15,3725,3726],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[38,3729,41],{"id":40},[43,3731,3733],{"className":45,"code":3732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3734,3735,3757,3772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3736,3737,3739,3741,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752,3754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3738,59],{"class":58},[52,3740,63],{"class":62},[52,3742,3743],{"class":66}," [",[52,3745,71],{"class":70},[52,3747,74],{"class":66},[52,3749,77],{"class":70},[52,3751,74],{"class":66},[52,3753,104],{"class":70},[52,3755,3756],{"class":66},"]\n",[52,3758,3759,3761,3763,3766,3768,3770],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3760,474],{"class":58},[52,3762,63],{"class":62},[52,3764,3765],{"class":118}," all",[52,3767,122],{"class":66},[52,3769,86],{"class":92},[52,3771,127],{"class":66},[52,3773,3774,3776,3778,3780,3783],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3775,119],{"class":118},[52,3777,122],{"class":66},[52,3779,507],{"class":92},[52,3781,3782],{"class":66},")",[52,3784,3785],{"class":133},"  # True\n",[20,3787,3788,442,3790,3792,3793,89],{},[15,3789,3700],{},[15,3791,3726],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3794,3795],{},"False",[38,3797,144,3799,147],{"id":3798},"what-all-does",[15,3800,3700],{},[20,3802,3803,152],{},[15,3804,3700],{},[154,3806,3807,3810,3816,3821],{},[157,3808,3809],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[157,3811,3812,3813,3815],{},"returns ",[15,3814,3726],{}," if all items are truthy",[157,3817,3812,3818,3820],{},[15,3819,3795],{}," if any item is falsy",[157,3822,3823],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3825,3826],{},"Basic syntax:",[43,3828,3830],{"className":45,"code":3829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3831,3832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3833,3834,3837,3839,3841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3835,3836],{"class":118},"all",[52,3838,122],{"class":66},[52,3840,290],{"class":92},[52,3842,127],{"class":66},[20,3844,3845],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[38,3847,3849],{"id":3848},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3851,3852,3853,2996,3855,3857],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3854,3726],{},[15,3856,3795],{}," in conditions.",[154,3859,3860,3868],{},[157,3861,3862,3865,3866],{},[984,3863,3864],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3867,3726],{},[157,3869,3870,3865,3873],{},[984,3871,3872],{},"Falsy",[15,3874,3795],{},[20,3876,3877],{},"Common falsy values include:",[154,3879,3880,3884,3889,3894,3898,3902,3907,3912],{},[157,3881,3882],{},[15,3883,2243],{},[157,3885,3886],{},[15,3887,3888],{},"0.0",[157,3890,3891],{},[15,3892,3893],{},"''",[157,3895,3896],{},[15,3897,445],{},[157,3899,3900],{},[15,3901,3795],{},[157,3903,3904],{},[15,3905,3906],{},"[]",[157,3908,3909],{},[15,3910,3911],{},"{}",[157,3913,3914],{},[15,3915,3916],{},"set()",[20,3918,3919],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3921,3922,3923,89],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[30,3924,3926],{"href":3925},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3928,3929,3930,152],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3931,3932],{},"bool()",[43,3934,3936],{"className":45,"code":3935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3937,3938,3975,3979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3939,3940,3942,3944,3946,3948,3950,3953,3955,3958,3960,3962,3965,3967,3969,3973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3941,357],{"class":58},[52,3943,63],{"class":62},[52,3945,3743],{"class":66},[52,3947,71],{"class":70},[52,3949,74],{"class":66},[52,3951,3952],{"class":70}," 0",[52,3954,74],{"class":66},[52,3956,3957],{"class":188}," ''",[52,3959,74],{"class":66},[52,3961,3415],{"class":188},[52,3963,3964],{"class":192},"hello",[52,3966,3420],{"class":188},[52,3968,74],{"class":66},[52,3970,3972],{"class":3971},"s39Yj"," None",[52,3974,3756],{"class":66},[52,3976,3977],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,3978,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,3980,3981,3983,3985,3988,3990,3992,3994,3998,4001,4004,4007],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3982,119],{"class":118},[52,3984,96],{"class":66},[52,3986,3987],{"class":3020},"bool",[52,3989,122],{"class":66},[52,3991,930],{"class":92},[52,3993,3782],{"class":66},[52,3995,3997],{"class":3996},"sVHd0"," for",[52,3999,4000],{"class":92}," x ",[52,4002,4003],{"class":3996},"in",[52,4005,4006],{"class":92}," values",[52,4008,112],{"class":66},[20,4010,2193],{},[43,4012,4014],{"className":45,"code":4013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4015,4016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4017,4018,4021,4023,4025,4028,4030,4032,4034,4037,4039,4041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4019,4020],{"class":66},"[",[52,4022,3726],{"class":3971},[52,4024,74],{"class":66},[52,4026,4027],{"class":3971}," False",[52,4029,74],{"class":66},[52,4031,4027],{"class":3971},[52,4033,74],{"class":66},[52,4035,4036],{"class":3971}," True",[52,4038,74],{"class":66},[52,4040,4027],{"class":3971},[52,4042,3756],{"class":66},[20,4044,4045,4046,4048],{},"This matters because ",[15,4047,3700],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[38,4050,4052],{"id":4051},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1324,4054,4056],{"id":4055},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[43,4058,4060],{"className":45,"code":4059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4061,4062,4082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4063,4064,4066,4068,4070,4072,4074,4076,4078,4080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4065,59],{"class":58},[52,4067,63],{"class":62},[52,4069,3743],{"class":66},[52,4071,71],{"class":70},[52,4073,74],{"class":66},[52,4075,77],{"class":70},[52,4077,74],{"class":66},[52,4079,104],{"class":70},[52,4081,3756],{"class":66},[52,4083,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4085,119],{"class":118},[52,4087,122],{"class":66},[52,4089,3836],{"class":118},[52,4091,122],{"class":66},[52,4093,86],{"class":92},[52,4095,2150],{"class":66},[20,4097,2193],{},[43,4099,4101],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n",[15,4102,4103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4104,4105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4106,4100],{"class":3971},[20,4108,4109,4110,442,4112,89],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4111,3700],{},[15,4113,3726],{},[1324,4115,4117],{"id":4116},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[43,4119,4121],{"className":45,"code":4120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4122,4123,4143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4124,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139,4141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4126,59],{"class":58},[52,4128,63],{"class":62},[52,4130,3743],{"class":66},[52,4132,71],{"class":70},[52,4134,74],{"class":66},[52,4136,3952],{"class":70},[52,4138,74],{"class":66},[52,4140,104],{"class":70},[52,4142,3756],{"class":66},[52,4144,4145,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4146,119],{"class":118},[52,4148,122],{"class":66},[52,4150,3836],{"class":118},[52,4152,122],{"class":66},[52,4154,86],{"class":92},[52,4156,2150],{"class":66},[20,4158,2193],{},[43,4160,4162],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\n",[15,4163,4164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4165,4166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4167,4161],{"class":3971},[20,4169,4170,4171,4173,4174,442,4176,89],{},"The value ",[15,4172,2243],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4175,3700],{},[15,4177,3795],{},[1324,4179,4181],{"id":4180},"example-strings","Example: strings",[43,4183,4185],{"className":45,"code":4184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4186,4187,4220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4188,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4216,4218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4190,1025],{"class":58},[52,4192,63],{"class":62},[52,4194,3743],{"class":66},[52,4196,3420],{"class":188},[52,4198,1125],{"class":192},[52,4200,3420],{"class":188},[52,4202,74],{"class":66},[52,4204,3415],{"class":188},[52,4206,1145],{"class":192},[52,4208,3420],{"class":188},[52,4210,74],{"class":66},[52,4212,3415],{"class":188},[52,4214,4215],{"class":192},"cherry",[52,4217,3420],{"class":188},[52,4219,3756],{"class":66},[52,4221,4222,4224,4226,4228,4230,4232],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4223,119],{"class":118},[52,4225,122],{"class":66},[52,4227,3836],{"class":118},[52,4229,122],{"class":66},[52,4231,1043],{"class":92},[52,4233,2150],{"class":66},[20,4235,2193],{},[43,4237,4238],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4239,4240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4241,4242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4243,4100],{"class":3971},[20,4245,4246],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4248,4249],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[43,4251,4253],{"className":45,"code":4252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4254,4255,4283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4256,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4258,1025],{"class":58},[52,4260,63],{"class":62},[52,4262,3743],{"class":66},[52,4264,3420],{"class":188},[52,4266,1125],{"class":192},[52,4268,3420],{"class":188},[52,4270,74],{"class":66},[52,4272,3957],{"class":188},[52,4274,74],{"class":66},[52,4276,3415],{"class":188},[52,4278,4215],{"class":192},[52,4280,3420],{"class":188},[52,4282,3756],{"class":66},[52,4284,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4286,119],{"class":118},[52,4288,122],{"class":66},[52,4290,3836],{"class":118},[52,4292,122],{"class":66},[52,4294,1043],{"class":92},[52,4296,2150],{"class":66},[20,4298,2193],{},[43,4300,4301],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4302,4303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4304,4305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4306,4161],{"class":3971},[20,4308,4309,4310,4312],{},"The empty string ",[15,4311,3893],{}," is falsy.",[38,4314,4316,4317,4319],{"id":4315},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4318,3700],{}," works with conditions",[20,4321,4322,4324],{},[15,4323,3700],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4326,4327],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4329,4330],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[43,4332,4334],{"className":45,"code":4333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4335,4336,4356,4383,4387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4337,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348,4350,4352,4354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4339,59],{"class":58},[52,4341,63],{"class":62},[52,4343,3743],{"class":66},[52,4345,71],{"class":70},[52,4347,74],{"class":66},[52,4349,77],{"class":70},[52,4351,74],{"class":66},[52,4353,104],{"class":70},[52,4355,3756],{"class":66},[52,4357,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4359,474],{"class":58},[52,4361,63],{"class":62},[52,4363,3765],{"class":118},[52,4365,122],{"class":66},[52,4367,3142],{"class":92},[52,4369,4370],{"class":62},">",[52,4372,3952],{"class":70},[52,4374,3997],{"class":3996},[52,4376,4000],{"class":92},[52,4378,4003],{"class":3996},[52,4380,479],{"class":92},[52,4382,127],{"class":66},[52,4384,4385],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,4386,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,4388,4389,4391,4393,4395],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,4390,119],{"class":118},[52,4392,122],{"class":66},[52,4394,507],{"class":92},[52,4396,127],{"class":66},[20,4398,2193],{},[43,4400,4401],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4402,4403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4404,4405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4406,4100],{"class":3971},[20,4408,4409],{},"Here is one that fails:",[43,4411,4413],{"className":45,"code":4412,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4414,4415,4437,4463,4467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4416,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4418,59],{"class":58},[52,4420,63],{"class":62},[52,4422,3743],{"class":66},[52,4424,71],{"class":70},[52,4426,74],{"class":66},[52,4428,2344],{"class":62},[52,4430,99],{"class":70},[52,4432,74],{"class":66},[52,4434,104],{"class":70},[52,4436,3756],{"class":66},[52,4438,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4440,474],{"class":58},[52,4442,63],{"class":62},[52,4444,3765],{"class":118},[52,4446,122],{"class":66},[52,4448,3142],{"class":92},[52,4450,4370],{"class":62},[52,4452,3952],{"class":70},[52,4454,3997],{"class":3996},[52,4456,4000],{"class":92},[52,4458,4003],{"class":3996},[52,4460,479],{"class":92},[52,4462,127],{"class":66},[52,4464,4465],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,4466,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,4468,4469,4471,4473,4475],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,4470,119],{"class":118},[52,4472,122],{"class":66},[52,4474,507],{"class":92},[52,4476,127],{"class":66},[20,4478,2193],{},[43,4480,4481],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4482,4483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4484,4485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4486,4161],{"class":3971},[20,4488,4489,4490,4493,4494,4496,4497,442,4499,89],{},"The expression ",[15,4491,4492],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4495,3726],{},", then ",[15,4498,3700],{},[15,4500,3726],{},[20,4502,4503],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4505,4506,4507,668,4511,89],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[30,4508,4510],{"href":4509},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[30,4512,4514],{"href":4513},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[38,4516,4518],{"id":4517},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4520,4521,442,4523,89],{},[15,4522,3723],{},[15,4524,3726],{},[20,4526,4527],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4529,347],{},[43,4531,4533],{"className":45,"code":4532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4534,4535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4536,4537,4539,4541,4543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4538,119],{"class":118},[52,4540,122],{"class":66},[52,4542,3836],{"class":118},[52,4544,4545],{"class":66},"([]))\n",[20,4547,2193],{},[43,4549,4550],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4551,4552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4553,4554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4555,4100],{"class":3971},[20,4557,4558],{},"Why?",[20,4560,4561],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4563,4564],{},"Think of it this way:",[154,4566,4567,4574,4577],{},[157,4568,4569,442,4571,4573],{},[15,4570,3700],{},[15,4572,3795],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[157,4575,4576],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[157,4578,4579,4580],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4581,3795],{},[20,4583,4584],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4586,4587],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[43,4589,4591],{"className":45,"code":4590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4592,4593,4604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4594,4595,4597,4599,4601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4596,119],{"class":118},[52,4598,122],{"class":66},[52,4600,3836],{"class":118},[52,4602,4603],{"class":66},"(()))\n",[52,4605,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4607,119],{"class":118},[52,4609,122],{"class":66},[52,4611,3836],{"class":118},[52,4613,122],{"class":66},[52,4615,3893],{"class":188},[52,4617,2150],{"class":66},[20,4619,2193],{},[43,4621,4623],{"className":45,"code":4622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4624,4625,4629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4626,4627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4628,4100],{"class":3971},[52,4630,4631],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4632,4100],{"class":3971},[38,4634,4636],{"id":4635},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1324,4638,4640],{"id":4639},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4642,4643],{},"This is wrong:",[43,4645,4647],{"className":45,"code":4646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4648,4649,4654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4650,4651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4652,4653],{"class":133},"# Wrong\n",[52,4655,4656],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4657,4658],{"class":133},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4660,4661,4663],{},[15,4662,3700],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4665,4666],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[43,4668,4670],{"className":45,"code":4669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4671,4672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4673,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4675,119],{"class":118},[52,4677,122],{"class":66},[52,4679,3836],{"class":118},[52,4681,96],{"class":66},[52,4683,71],{"class":70},[52,4685,74],{"class":66},[52,4687,77],{"class":70},[52,4689,74],{"class":66},[52,4691,104],{"class":70},[52,4693,3117],{"class":66},[1324,4695,4697,4698,4700],{"id":4696},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4699,3700],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4702,4703],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[43,4705,4707],{"className":45,"code":4706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4708,4709,4729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4710,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4712,59],{"class":58},[52,4714,63],{"class":62},[52,4716,3743],{"class":66},[52,4718,1705],{"class":70},[52,4720,74],{"class":66},[52,4722,396],{"class":70},[52,4724,74],{"class":66},[52,4726,396],{"class":70},[52,4728,3756],{"class":66},[52,4730,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4732,119],{"class":118},[52,4734,122],{"class":66},[52,4736,3836],{"class":118},[52,4738,122],{"class":66},[52,4740,86],{"class":92},[52,4742,2150],{"class":66},[20,4744,4745,4746,4748],{},"This does ",[984,4747,986],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4750,4751,4752,4754],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4753,1705],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[43,4756,4757],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4758,4759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4760,4761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4762,4100],{"class":3971},[20,4764,4765],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[43,4767,4769],{"className":45,"code":4768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4770,4771,4791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4772,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4774,59],{"class":58},[52,4776,63],{"class":62},[52,4778,3743],{"class":66},[52,4780,1705],{"class":70},[52,4782,74],{"class":66},[52,4784,396],{"class":70},[52,4786,74],{"class":66},[52,4788,396],{"class":70},[52,4790,3756],{"class":66},[52,4792,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4794,119],{"class":118},[52,4796,122],{"class":66},[52,4798,3836],{"class":118},[52,4800,122],{"class":66},[52,4802,3142],{"class":92},[52,4804,4805],{"class":62},"==",[52,4807,396],{"class":70},[52,4809,3997],{"class":3996},[52,4811,4000],{"class":92},[52,4813,4003],{"class":3996},[52,4815,479],{"class":92},[52,4817,2150],{"class":66},[1324,4819,4821,4822,4824],{"id":4820},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4823,2243],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[43,4826,4828],{"className":45,"code":4827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4829,4830,4856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4831,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4833,119],{"class":118},[52,4835,122],{"class":66},[52,4837,3836],{"class":118},[52,4839,96],{"class":66},[52,4841,71],{"class":70},[52,4843,74],{"class":66},[52,4845,77],{"class":70},[52,4847,74],{"class":66},[52,4849,3952],{"class":70},[52,4851,4852],{"class":66},"]))",[52,4854,4855],{"class":133},"       # False\n",[52,4857,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4859,119],{"class":118},[52,4861,122],{"class":66},[52,4863,3836],{"class":118},[52,4865,96],{"class":66},[52,4867,3420],{"class":188},[52,4869,30],{"class":192},[52,4871,3420],{"class":188},[52,4873,74],{"class":66},[52,4875,3415],{"class":188},[52,4877,1393],{"class":192},[52,4879,3420],{"class":188},[52,4881,74],{"class":66},[52,4883,3957],{"class":188},[52,4885,4852],{"class":66},[52,4887,4888],{"class":133},"  # False\n",[20,4890,4891,4892,89],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4893,3795],{},[1324,4895,4897,4898,4900,4901],{"id":4896},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4899,3723],{}," is ",[15,4902,3726],{},[20,4904,4905],{},"This is expected behavior:",[43,4907,4909],{"className":45,"code":4908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4910,4911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4912,4913,4915,4917,4919,4922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4914,119],{"class":118},[52,4916,122],{"class":66},[52,4918,3836],{"class":118},[52,4920,4921],{"class":66},"([]))",[52,4923,3785],{"class":133},[20,4925,4926,4927,4929],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4928,3726],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4931,4932],{},"Useful quick tests:",[43,4934,4936],{"className":45,"code":4935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4937,4938,4960,4982,5029,5065],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4939,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4941,119],{"class":118},[52,4943,122],{"class":66},[52,4945,3836],{"class":118},[52,4947,96],{"class":66},[52,4949,71],{"class":70},[52,4951,74],{"class":66},[52,4953,77],{"class":70},[52,4955,74],{"class":66},[52,4957,104],{"class":70},[52,4959,3117],{"class":66},[52,4961,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,4963,119],{"class":118},[52,4965,122],{"class":66},[52,4967,3836],{"class":118},[52,4969,96],{"class":66},[52,4971,71],{"class":70},[52,4973,74],{"class":66},[52,4975,3952],{"class":70},[52,4977,74],{"class":66},[52,4979,104],{"class":70},[52,4981,3117],{"class":66},[52,4983,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,4985,119],{"class":118},[52,4987,96],{"class":66},[52,4989,3987],{"class":3020},[52,4991,122],{"class":66},[52,4993,930],{"class":92},[52,4995,3782],{"class":66},[52,4997,3997],{"class":3996},[52,4999,4000],{"class":92},[52,5001,4003],{"class":3996},[52,5003,3743],{"class":66},[52,5005,71],{"class":70},[52,5007,74],{"class":66},[52,5009,3952],{"class":70},[52,5011,74],{"class":66},[52,5013,3957],{"class":188},[52,5015,74],{"class":66},[52,5017,3415],{"class":188},[52,5019,3964],{"class":192},[52,5021,3420],{"class":188},[52,5023,74],{"class":66},[52,5025,3972],{"class":3971},[52,5027,5028],{"class":66},"]])\n",[52,5030,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,5032,119],{"class":118},[52,5034,122],{"class":66},[52,5036,3836],{"class":118},[52,5038,122],{"class":66},[52,5040,3142],{"class":92},[52,5042,4370],{"class":62},[52,5044,3952],{"class":70},[52,5046,3997],{"class":3996},[52,5048,4000],{"class":92},[52,5050,4003],{"class":3996},[52,5052,3743],{"class":66},[52,5054,71],{"class":70},[52,5056,74],{"class":66},[52,5058,77],{"class":70},[52,5060,74],{"class":66},[52,5062,104],{"class":70},[52,5064,3117],{"class":66},[52,5066,5067,5069,5071,5073],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,5068,119],{"class":118},[52,5070,122],{"class":66},[52,5072,3836],{"class":118},[52,5074,4545],{"class":66},[38,5076,5078,5079],{"id":5077},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5080,3700],{},[20,5082,5083,5085],{},[15,5084,3700],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5087,5088],{},"Common use cases:",[154,5090,5091,5094,5097],{},[157,5092,5093],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[157,5095,5096],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[157,5098,5099],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5101,5102],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[43,5104,5106],{"className":45,"code":5105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5107,5108,5144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5109,5110,5113,5115,5117,5119,5122,5124,5126,5128,5131,5133,5135,5137,5140,5142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5111,5112],{"class":58},"names ",[52,5114,63],{"class":62},[52,5116,3743],{"class":66},[52,5118,3420],{"class":188},[52,5120,5121],{"class":192},"Alice",[52,5123,3420],{"class":188},[52,5125,74],{"class":66},[52,5127,3415],{"class":188},[52,5129,5130],{"class":192},"Bob",[52,5132,3420],{"class":188},[52,5134,74],{"class":66},[52,5136,3415],{"class":188},[52,5138,5139],{"class":192},"Charlie",[52,5141,3420],{"class":188},[52,5143,3756],{"class":66},[52,5145,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5157],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5147,119],{"class":118},[52,5149,122],{"class":66},[52,5151,3836],{"class":118},[52,5153,122],{"class":66},[52,5155,5156],{"class":92},"names",[52,5158,2150],{"class":66},[20,5160,2193],{},[43,5162,5163],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5164,5165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5166,5167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5168,4100],{"class":3971},[20,5170,5171],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[43,5173,5175],{"className":45,"code":5174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5176,5177,5201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5178,5179,5182,5184,5186,5189,5191,5194,5196,5199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5180,5181],{"class":58},"scores ",[52,5183,63],{"class":62},[52,5185,3743],{"class":66},[52,5187,5188],{"class":70},"75",[52,5190,74],{"class":66},[52,5192,5193],{"class":70}," 80",[52,5195,74],{"class":66},[52,5197,5198],{"class":70}," 50",[52,5200,3756],{"class":66},[52,5202,5203,5205,5207,5209,5211,5214,5217,5219,5221,5224,5226,5229],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5204,119],{"class":118},[52,5206,122],{"class":66},[52,5208,3836],{"class":118},[52,5210,122],{"class":66},[52,5212,5213],{"class":92},"score ",[52,5215,5216],{"class":62},">=",[52,5218,5198],{"class":70},[52,5220,3997],{"class":3996},[52,5222,5223],{"class":92}," score ",[52,5225,4003],{"class":3996},[52,5227,5228],{"class":92}," scores",[52,5230,2150],{"class":66},[20,5232,2193],{},[43,5234,5235],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5236,5237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5238,5239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5240,4100],{"class":3971},[20,5242,5243],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5245,5246,5247,668,5251,89],{},"For related tasks, see ",[30,5248,5250],{"href":5249},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[30,5252,5254],{"href":5253},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[38,5256,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,5258,5260,5261,5263],{"id":5259},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5262,3700],{}," return in Python?",[20,5265,5266,5267,5269,5270,5272],{},"It returns ",[15,5268,3726],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5271,3795],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1324,5274,5276,5277,5279,5280,1964],{"id":5275},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5278,3723],{}," return ",[15,5281,3726],{},[20,5283,5284],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1324,5286,5288,5289,5291],{"id":5287},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5290,3700],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5293,5294],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1324,5296,1959,5298,668,5300,1964],{"id":5297},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5299,3700],{},[15,5301,5302],{},"any()",[20,5304,5305,5307,5308,5310,5311,89],{},[15,5306,3700],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5309,5302],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[30,5312,3697,5314,3630],{"href":5313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5315,5302],{},[38,5317,1996],{"id":1995},[154,5319,5320,5326,5330,5335,5340,5345],{},[157,5321,5322],{},[30,5323,3697,5324,3630],{"href":5313},[15,5325,5302],{},[157,5327,5328],{},[30,5329,3926],{"href":3925},[157,5331,5332],{},[30,5333,5334],{"href":5253},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[157,5336,5337],{},[30,5338,5339],{"href":5249},"How to filter a list in Python",[157,5341,5342],{},[30,5343,5344],{"href":4509},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[157,5346,5347],{},[30,5348,5349],{"href":4513},"What is an iterable in Python",[2044,5351,5352],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":5354},[5355,5356,5358,5359,5364,5366,5367,5376,5378,5388],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":3798,"depth":83,"text":5357},"What all() does",{"id":3848,"depth":83,"text":3849},{"id":4051,"depth":83,"text":4052,"children":5360},[5361,5362,5363],{"id":4055,"depth":115,"text":4056},{"id":4116,"depth":115,"text":4117},{"id":4180,"depth":115,"text":4181},{"id":4315,"depth":83,"text":5365},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4517,"depth":83,"text":4518},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":5368},[5369,5370,5372,5374],{"id":4639,"depth":115,"text":4640},{"id":4696,"depth":115,"text":5371},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4820,"depth":115,"text":5373},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4896,"depth":115,"text":5375},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5077,"depth":83,"text":5377},"When to use all()",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":5379},[5380,5382,5384,5386],{"id":5259,"depth":115,"text":5381},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5275,"depth":115,"text":5383},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5287,"depth":115,"text":5385},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5297,"depth":115,"text":5387},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3691,"description":5389},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5396,"title":5397,"body":5398,"description":7085,"extension":2083,"meta":7086,"navigation":240,"path":5313,"seo":7087,"stem":7088,"__hash__":7089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5399,"toc":7063},[5400,5403,5411,5414,5431,5439,5482,5491,5495,5500,5503,5520,5523,5534,5546,5550,5553,5568,5573,5576,5588,5591,5676,5679,5700,5706,5708,5716,5730,5732,5766,5768,5771,5832,5834,5851,5854,5881,5883,5891,5903,5907,5910,5949,5951,5959,5961,5977,5985,5988,6031,6033,6041,6046,6050,6058,6061,6088,6091,6094,6168,6170,6178,6185,6209,6220,6223,6302,6304,6312,6319,6323,6328,6343,6345,6353,6356,6362,6365,6411,6413,6430,6434,6439,6450,6453,6565,6568,6627,6633,6635,6640,6644,6646,6665,6671,6673,6692,6696,6705,6732,6734,6742,6749,6753,6759,6782,6784,6792,6799,6803,6806,6857,6860,6911,6914,6916,6920,6927,6931,6938,6942,6950,6954,6957,6979,6981,7031,7033,7060],[10,5401,5397],{"id":5402},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5404,5405,5407,5408,89],{},[15,5406,5302],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[984,5409,5410],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5412,5413],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[154,5415,5416,5419,5422,5425,5428],{},[157,5417,5418],{},"lists",[157,5420,5421],{},"tuples",[157,5423,5424],{},"sets",[157,5426,5427],{},"strings",[157,5429,5430],{},"generator expressions",[20,5432,5433,5434,2996,5436,5438],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5435,3726],{},[15,5437,3795],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[43,5440,5442],{"className":45,"code":5441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5443,5444,5464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5445,5446,5448,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5447,357],{"class":58},[52,5449,63],{"class":62},[52,5451,3743],{"class":66},[52,5453,2243],{"class":70},[52,5455,74],{"class":66},[52,5457,3957],{"class":188},[52,5459,74],{"class":66},[52,5461,396],{"class":70},[52,5463,3756],{"class":66},[52,5465,5466,5468,5470,5473,5475,5477,5480],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5467,119],{"class":118},[52,5469,122],{"class":66},[52,5471,5472],{"class":118},"any",[52,5474,122],{"class":66},[52,5476,370],{"class":92},[52,5478,5479],{"class":66},"))",[52,5481,3785],{"class":133},[20,5483,137,5484,5487,5488,5490],{},[15,5485,5486],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5489,3726],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[38,5492,5494],{"id":5493},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5496,5497,5499],{},[15,5498,5302],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5501,5502],{},"It returns:",[154,5504,5505,5510,5515],{},[157,5506,5507,5509],{},[15,5508,3726],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[157,5511,5512,5514],{},[15,5513,3795],{}," if all items are falsy",[157,5516,5517,5519],{},[15,5518,3795],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5521,5522],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[154,5524,5525,5528,5531],{},[157,5526,5527],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[157,5529,5530],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[157,5532,5533],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5535,5536,5537,5540,5541,89],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[984,5538,5539],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[30,5542,5544],{"href":5543},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5545,3700],{},[38,5547,5549],{"id":5548},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5551,5552],{},"The syntax is simple:",[43,5554,5556],{"className":45,"code":5555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5557,5558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5559,5560,5562,5564,5566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5561,5472],{"class":118},[52,5563,122],{"class":66},[52,5565,290],{"class":92},[52,5567,127],{"class":66},[20,5569,5570,5571,89],{},"The argument must be an ",[984,5572,290],{},[20,5574,5575],{},"Common inputs include:",[154,5577,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586],{},[157,5579,5418],{},[157,5581,5421],{},[157,5583,5424],{},[157,5585,5427],{},[157,5587,5430],{},[20,5589,5590],{},"For example:",[43,5592,5594],{"className":45,"code":5593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5595,5596,5619,5638,5658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5597,5598,5600,5602,5604,5606,5608,5610,5612,5614,5617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5599,119],{"class":118},[52,5601,122],{"class":66},[52,5603,5472],{"class":118},[52,5605,96],{"class":66},[52,5607,2243],{"class":70},[52,5609,74],{"class":66},[52,5611,3952],{"class":70},[52,5613,74],{"class":66},[52,5615,5616],{"class":70}," 1",[52,5618,3117],{"class":66},[52,5620,5621,5623,5625,5627,5630,5632,5634,5636],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5622,119],{"class":118},[52,5624,122],{"class":66},[52,5626,5472],{"class":118},[52,5628,5629],{"class":66},"((",[52,5631,3795],{"class":3971},[52,5633,74],{"class":66},[52,5635,4027],{"class":3971},[52,5637,3031],{"class":66},[52,5639,5640,5642,5644,5646,5649,5651,5653,5655],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5641,119],{"class":118},[52,5643,122],{"class":66},[52,5645,5472],{"class":118},[52,5647,5648],{"class":66},"({",[52,5650,2243],{"class":70},[52,5652,74],{"class":66},[52,5654,77],{"class":70},[52,5656,5657],{"class":66},"}))\n",[52,5659,5660,5662,5664,5666,5668,5670,5672,5674],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,5661,119],{"class":118},[52,5663,122],{"class":66},[52,5665,5472],{"class":118},[52,5667,122],{"class":66},[52,5669,189],{"class":188},[52,5671,3964],{"class":192},[52,5673,189],{"class":188},[52,5675,2150],{"class":66},[20,5677,5678],{},"Expected output:",[43,5680,5682],{"className":45,"code":5681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5683,5684,5688,5692,5696],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5685,5686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5687,4100],{"class":3971},[52,5689,5690],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5691,4161],{"class":3971},[52,5693,5694],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5695,4100],{"class":3971},[52,5697,5698],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,5699,4100],{"class":3971},[20,5701,5702,5703,89],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[30,5704,5254],{"href":5705},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[38,5707,3849],{"id":3848},[20,5709,3852,5710,2996,5713,3857],{},[984,5711,5712],{},"truthy",[984,5714,5715],{},"falsy",[154,5717,5718,5724],{},[157,5719,5720,3865,5722],{},[984,5721,3864],{},[15,5723,3726],{},[157,5725,5726,3865,5728],{},[984,5727,3872],{},[15,5729,3795],{},[20,5731,3877],{},[154,5733,5734,5738,5742,5746,5750,5754,5758,5762],{},[157,5735,5736],{},[15,5737,3795],{},[157,5739,5740],{},[15,5741,2243],{},[157,5743,5744],{},[15,5745,3888],{},[157,5747,5748],{},[15,5749,3893],{},[157,5751,5752],{},[15,5753,3906],{},[157,5755,5756],{},[15,5757,3911],{},[157,5759,5760],{},[15,5761,3916],{},[157,5763,5764],{},[15,5765,445],{},[20,5767,3919],{},[20,5769,5770],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[43,5772,5774],{"className":45,"code":5773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5775,5776,5790,5808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5777,5778,5780,5782,5784,5786,5788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5779,119],{"class":118},[52,5781,122],{"class":66},[52,5783,5472],{"class":118},[52,5785,96],{"class":66},[52,5787,71],{"class":70},[52,5789,3117],{"class":66},[52,5791,5792,5794,5796,5798,5800,5802,5804,5806],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5793,119],{"class":118},[52,5795,122],{"class":66},[52,5797,5472],{"class":118},[52,5799,96],{"class":66},[52,5801,3420],{"class":188},[52,5803,3964],{"class":192},[52,5805,3420],{"class":188},[52,5807,3117],{"class":66},[52,5809,5810,5812,5814,5816,5819,5821,5823,5825,5827,5829],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5811,119],{"class":118},[52,5813,122],{"class":66},[52,5815,5472],{"class":118},[52,5817,5818],{"class":66},"([[",[52,5820,71],{"class":70},[52,5822,74],{"class":66},[52,5824,77],{"class":70},[52,5826,74],{"class":66},[52,5828,104],{"class":70},[52,5830,5831],{"class":66},"]]))\n",[20,5833,5678],{},[43,5835,5837],{"className":45,"code":5836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5838,5839,5843,5847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5840,5841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5842,4100],{"class":3971},[52,5844,5845],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5846,4100],{"class":3971},[52,5848,5849],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5850,4100],{"class":3971},[20,5852,5853],{},"And these are all falsy:",[43,5855,5857],{"className":45,"code":5856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5858,5859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5860,5861,5863,5865,5867,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5862,119],{"class":118},[52,5864,122],{"class":66},[52,5866,5472],{"class":118},[52,5868,96],{"class":66},[52,5870,2243],{"class":70},[52,5872,74],{"class":66},[52,5874,3957],{"class":188},[52,5876,74],{"class":66},[52,5878,3972],{"class":3971},[52,5880,3117],{"class":66},[20,5882,5678],{},[43,5884,5885],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5886,5887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5888,5889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5890,4161],{"class":3971},[20,5892,5893,5894,668,5897,89],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[30,5895,3926],{"href":5896},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[30,5898,5900,5902],{"href":5899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5901,3932],{}," explained",[38,5904,5906],{"id":5905},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5908,5909],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[43,5911,5913],{"className":45,"code":5912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5914,5915,5935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5916,5917,5919,5921,5923,5925,5927,5929,5931,5933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5918,357],{"class":58},[52,5920,63],{"class":62},[52,5922,3743],{"class":66},[52,5924,2243],{"class":70},[52,5926,74],{"class":66},[52,5928,3957],{"class":188},[52,5930,74],{"class":66},[52,5932,396],{"class":70},[52,5934,3756],{"class":66},[52,5936,5937,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,5938,119],{"class":118},[52,5940,122],{"class":66},[52,5942,5472],{"class":118},[52,5944,122],{"class":66},[52,5946,370],{"class":92},[52,5948,2150],{"class":66},[20,5950,2193],{},[43,5952,5953],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5954,5955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5956,5957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5958,4100],{"class":3971},[20,5960,4558],{},[154,5962,5963,5968,5972],{},[157,5964,5965,5967],{},[15,5966,2243],{}," is falsy",[157,5969,5970,5967],{},[15,5971,3893],{},[157,5973,5974,5976],{},[15,5975,1705],{}," is truthy",[20,5978,5979,5980,442,5983,89],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5981,5982],{},"any(values)",[15,5984,3726],{},[20,5986,5987],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[43,5989,5991],{"className":45,"code":5990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5992,5993,6017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5994,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009,6011,6013,6015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5996,357],{"class":58},[52,5998,63],{"class":62},[52,6000,3743],{"class":66},[52,6002,2243],{"class":70},[52,6004,74],{"class":66},[52,6006,3957],{"class":188},[52,6008,74],{"class":66},[52,6010,3972],{"class":3971},[52,6012,74],{"class":66},[52,6014,4027],{"class":3971},[52,6016,3756],{"class":66},[52,6018,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6020,119],{"class":118},[52,6022,122],{"class":66},[52,6024,5472],{"class":118},[52,6026,122],{"class":66},[52,6028,370],{"class":92},[52,6030,2150],{"class":66},[20,6032,2193],{},[43,6034,6035],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6036,6037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6038,6039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6040,4161],{"class":3971},[20,6042,6043,6044,89],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6045,3795],{},[38,6047,6049],{"id":6048},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6051,6052,6054,6055,89],{},[15,6053,5302],{}," is often used with a ",[984,6056,6057],{},"generator expression",[20,6059,6060],{},"This is a common pattern:",[43,6062,6064],{"className":45,"code":6063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6065,6066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6067,6068,6070,6072,6075,6078,6081,6083,6086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6069,5472],{"class":118},[52,6071,122],{"class":66},[52,6073,6074],{"class":92},"condition ",[52,6076,6077],{"class":3996},"for",[52,6079,6080],{"class":92}," item ",[52,6082,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6084,6085],{"class":92}," items",[52,6087,127],{"class":66},[20,6089,6090],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6092,6093],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[43,6095,6097],{"className":45,"code":6096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6098,6099,6127,6131,6158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6100,6101,6103,6105,6107,6109,6111,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122,6125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6102,59],{"class":58},[52,6104,63],{"class":62},[52,6106,3743],{"class":66},[52,6108,391],{"class":70},[52,6110,74],{"class":66},[52,6112,6113],{"class":70}," 7",[52,6115,74],{"class":66},[52,6117,2344],{"class":62},[52,6119,99],{"class":70},[52,6121,74],{"class":66},[52,6123,6124],{"class":70}," 10",[52,6126,3756],{"class":66},[52,6128,6129],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6130,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,6132,6133,6135,6137,6140,6142,6144,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6134,474],{"class":58},[52,6136,63],{"class":62},[52,6138,6139],{"class":118}," any",[52,6141,122],{"class":66},[52,6143,3142],{"class":92},[52,6145,3409],{"class":62},[52,6147,3952],{"class":70},[52,6149,3997],{"class":3996},[52,6151,4000],{"class":92},[52,6153,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6155,479],{"class":92},[52,6157,127],{"class":66},[52,6159,6160,6162,6164,6166],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,6161,119],{"class":118},[52,6163,122],{"class":66},[52,6165,507],{"class":92},[52,6167,127],{"class":66},[20,6169,2193],{},[43,6171,6172],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6173,6174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6175,6176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6177,4100],{"class":3971},[20,6179,6180,6181,6184],{},"This works because ",[15,6182,6183],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[154,6186,6187,6195,6202],{},[157,6188,6189,6192,6193],{},[15,6190,6191],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6194,3795],{},[157,6196,6197,6192,6200],{},[15,6198,6199],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6201,3795],{},[157,6203,6204,6192,6207],{},[15,6205,6206],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6208,3726],{},[20,6210,6211,6212,6214,6215,6217,6218,89],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6213,3726],{}," result, ",[15,6216,5302],{}," can return ",[15,6219,3726],{},[20,6221,6222],{},"Here is another example:",[43,6224,6226],{"className":45,"code":6225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6227,6228,6257,6261,6291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6229,6230,6232,6234,6236,6238,6240,6242,6244,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6231,1025],{"class":58},[52,6233,63],{"class":62},[52,6235,3743],{"class":66},[52,6237,189],{"class":188},[52,6239,1125],{"class":192},[52,6241,189],{"class":188},[52,6243,74],{"class":66},[52,6245,6246],{"class":188}," \"\"",[52,6248,74],{"class":66},[52,6250,200],{"class":188},[52,6252,1145],{"class":192},[52,6254,189],{"class":188},[52,6256,3756],{"class":66},[52,6258,6259],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6260,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,6262,6263,6266,6268,6270,6272,6275,6277,6279,6281,6284,6286,6289],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6264,6265],{"class":58},"has_empty_string ",[52,6267,63],{"class":62},[52,6269,6139],{"class":118},[52,6271,122],{"class":66},[52,6273,6274],{"class":92},"word ",[52,6276,4805],{"class":62},[52,6278,6246],{"class":188},[52,6280,3997],{"class":3996},[52,6282,6283],{"class":92}," word ",[52,6285,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6287,6288],{"class":92}," words",[52,6290,127],{"class":66},[52,6292,6293,6295,6297,6300],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,6294,119],{"class":118},[52,6296,122],{"class":66},[52,6298,6299],{"class":92},"has_empty_string",[52,6301,127],{"class":66},[20,6303,2193],{},[43,6305,6306],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6307,6308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6309,6310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6311,4100],{"class":3971},[20,6313,6314,6315,89],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[30,6316,6318],{"href":6317},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[38,6320,6322],{"id":6321},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6324,6325,6326,152],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6327,3795],{},[43,6329,6331],{"className":45,"code":6330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6332,6333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6334,6335,6337,6339,6341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6336,119],{"class":118},[52,6338,122],{"class":66},[52,6340,5472],{"class":118},[52,6342,4545],{"class":66},[20,6344,2193],{},[43,6346,6347],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6348,6349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6350,6351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6352,4161],{"class":3971},[20,6354,6355],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6357,6358,6359,6361],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6360,5302],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6363,6364],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[43,6366,6368],{"className":45,"code":6367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6369,6370,6380,6395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6371,6372,6374,6376,6378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6373,119],{"class":118},[52,6375,122],{"class":66},[52,6377,5472],{"class":118},[52,6379,4603],{"class":66},[52,6381,6382,6384,6386,6388,6390,6393],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6383,119],{"class":118},[52,6385,122],{"class":66},[52,6387,5472],{"class":118},[52,6389,122],{"class":66},[52,6391,6392],{"class":188},"\"\"",[52,6394,2150],{"class":66},[52,6396,6397,6399,6401,6403,6405,6408],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6398,119],{"class":118},[52,6400,122],{"class":66},[52,6402,5472],{"class":118},[52,6404,122],{"class":66},[52,6406,6407],{"class":3020},"set",[52,6409,6410],{"class":66},"()))\n",[20,6412,2193],{},[43,6414,6416],{"className":45,"code":6415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6417,6418,6422,6426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6419,6420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6421,4161],{"class":3971},[52,6423,6424],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6425,4161],{"class":3971},[52,6427,6428],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6429,4161],{"class":3971},[38,6431,6433],{"id":6432},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6435,137,6436,6438],{},[15,6437,5302],{}," when you want to:",[154,6440,6441,6444,6447],{},[157,6442,6443],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[157,6445,6446],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[157,6448,6449],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6451,6452],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[43,6454,6456],{"className":45,"code":6455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6457,6458,6483,6487,6497,6501,6515,6534,6544,6549,6553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6459,6460,6462,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6461,59],{"class":58},[52,6463,63],{"class":62},[52,6465,3743],{"class":66},[52,6467,71],{"class":70},[52,6469,74],{"class":66},[52,6471,104],{"class":70},[52,6473,74],{"class":66},[52,6475,396],{"class":70},[52,6477,74],{"class":66},[52,6479,6480],{"class":70}," 8",[52,6482,3756],{"class":66},[52,6484,6485],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6486,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,6488,6489,6492,6494],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6490,6491],{"class":58},"found_even ",[52,6493,63],{"class":62},[52,6495,6496],{"class":3971}," False\n",[52,6498,6499],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,6500,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,6502,6503,6505,6508,6510,6512],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,6504,6077],{"class":3996},[52,6506,6507],{"class":58}," number ",[52,6509,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6511,479],{"class":58},[52,6513,6514],{"class":66},":\n",[52,6516,6517,6520,6522,6525,6527,6530,6532],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,6518,6519],{"class":3996},"    if",[52,6521,6507],{"class":58},[52,6523,6524],{"class":62},"%",[52,6526,77],{"class":70},[52,6528,6529],{"class":62}," ==",[52,6531,3952],{"class":70},[52,6533,6514],{"class":66},[52,6535,6536,6539,6541],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,6537,6538],{"class":58},"        found_even ",[52,6540,63],{"class":62},[52,6542,6543],{"class":3971}," True\n",[52,6545,6546],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,6547,6548],{"class":3996},"        break\n",[52,6550,6551],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,6552,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,6554,6556,6558,6560,6563],{"class":54,"line":6555},10,[52,6557,119],{"class":118},[52,6559,122],{"class":66},[52,6561,6562],{"class":92},"found_even",[52,6564,127],{"class":66},[20,6566,6567],{},"You can write:",[43,6569,6571],{"className":45,"code":6570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6572,6573,6597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6574,6575,6577,6579,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589,6591,6593,6595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6576,59],{"class":58},[52,6578,63],{"class":62},[52,6580,3743],{"class":66},[52,6582,71],{"class":70},[52,6584,74],{"class":66},[52,6586,104],{"class":70},[52,6588,74],{"class":66},[52,6590,396],{"class":70},[52,6592,74],{"class":66},[52,6594,6480],{"class":70},[52,6596,3756],{"class":66},[52,6598,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619,6621,6623,6625],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6600,119],{"class":118},[52,6602,122],{"class":66},[52,6604,5472],{"class":118},[52,6606,122],{"class":66},[52,6608,2339],{"class":92},[52,6610,6524],{"class":62},[52,6612,77],{"class":70},[52,6614,6529],{"class":62},[52,6616,3952],{"class":70},[52,6618,3997],{"class":3996},[52,6620,6507],{"class":92},[52,6622,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6624,479],{"class":92},[52,6626,2150],{"class":66},[20,6628,6629,6630,6632],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6631,5302],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[38,6634,4636],{"id":4635},[20,6636,6637,6638,89],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6639,5302],{},[1324,6641,6643],{"id":6642},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6645,4643],{},[43,6647,6649],{"className":45,"code":6648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6650,6651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6652,6653,6655,6657,6659,6661,6663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6654,119],{"class":118},[52,6656,122],{"class":66},[52,6658,5472],{"class":118},[52,6660,122],{"class":66},[52,6662,1705],{"class":70},[52,6664,2150],{"class":66},[20,6666,6667,6668,6670],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6669,1705],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6672,1720],{},[43,6674,6676],{"className":45,"code":6675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6677,6678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6679,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6681,119],{"class":118},[52,6683,122],{"class":66},[52,6685,5472],{"class":118},[52,6687,96],{"class":66},[52,6689,1705],{"class":70},[52,6691,3117],{"class":66},[1324,6693,6695],{"id":6694},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6697,6698,6700,6701,6704],{},[15,6699,5302],{}," needs only ",[984,6702,6703],{},"one"," truthy item.",[43,6706,6708],{"className":45,"code":6707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6709,6710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6711,6712,6714,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6713,119],{"class":118},[52,6715,122],{"class":66},[52,6717,5472],{"class":118},[52,6719,96],{"class":66},[52,6721,3795],{"class":3971},[52,6723,74],{"class":66},[52,6725,4027],{"class":3971},[52,6727,74],{"class":66},[52,6729,4036],{"class":3971},[52,6731,3117],{"class":66},[20,6733,2193],{},[43,6735,6736],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6737,6738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6739,6740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6741,4100],{"class":3971},[20,6743,6744,6745,1311],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[30,6746,6747],{"href":5543},[15,6748,3700],{},[1324,6750,6752],{"id":6751},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6754,6755,6756,89],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6757,6758],{},"\"True\"",[43,6760,6762],{"className":45,"code":6761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6763,6764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6765,6766,6768,6770,6772,6774,6776,6778,6780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6767,119],{"class":118},[52,6769,122],{"class":66},[52,6771,5472],{"class":118},[52,6773,96],{"class":66},[52,6775,189],{"class":188},[52,6777,3795],{"class":192},[52,6779,189],{"class":188},[52,6781,3117],{"class":66},[20,6783,2193],{},[43,6785,6786],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6787,6788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6789,6790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6791,4100],{"class":3971},[20,6793,6794,6795,6798],{},"That is because ",[15,6796,6797],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1324,6800,6802],{"id":6801},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6804,6805],{},"This works:",[43,6807,6809],{"className":45,"code":6808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6810,6811,6831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6812,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6814,59],{"class":58},[52,6816,63],{"class":62},[52,6818,3743],{"class":66},[52,6820,71],{"class":70},[52,6822,74],{"class":66},[52,6824,77],{"class":70},[52,6826,74],{"class":66},[52,6828,104],{"class":70},[52,6830,3756],{"class":66},[52,6832,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6834,119],{"class":118},[52,6836,122],{"class":66},[52,6838,5472],{"class":118},[52,6840,96],{"class":66},[52,6842,3142],{"class":92},[52,6844,4370],{"class":62},[52,6846,77],{"class":70},[52,6848,3997],{"class":3996},[52,6850,4000],{"class":92},[52,6852,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6854,479],{"class":92},[52,6856,3117],{"class":66},[20,6858,6859],{},"But this is usually better:",[43,6861,6863],{"className":45,"code":6862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6864,6865,6885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6866,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879,6881,6883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6868,59],{"class":58},[52,6870,63],{"class":62},[52,6872,3743],{"class":66},[52,6874,71],{"class":70},[52,6876,74],{"class":66},[52,6878,77],{"class":70},[52,6880,74],{"class":66},[52,6882,104],{"class":70},[52,6884,3756],{"class":66},[52,6886,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,6888,119],{"class":118},[52,6890,122],{"class":66},[52,6892,5472],{"class":118},[52,6894,122],{"class":66},[52,6896,3142],{"class":92},[52,6898,4370],{"class":62},[52,6900,77],{"class":70},[52,6902,3997],{"class":3996},[52,6904,4000],{"class":92},[52,6906,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6908,479],{"class":92},[52,6910,2150],{"class":66},[20,6912,6913],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[38,6915,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,6917,6919],{"id":6918},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6921,5266,6922,6924,6925,89],{},[15,6923,3726],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6926,3795],{},[1324,6928,6930],{"id":6929},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6932,6933,442,6935,6937],{},[15,6934,5302],{},[15,6936,3795],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1324,6939,6941],{"id":6940},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6943,6944,6946,6947,6949],{},[15,6945,5302],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6948,3700],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1324,6951,6953],{"id":6952},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6955,6956],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[43,6958,6959],{"className":45,"code":6063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6960,6961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6962,6963,6965,6967,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6964,5472],{"class":118},[52,6966,122],{"class":66},[52,6968,6074],{"class":92},[52,6970,6077],{"class":3996},[52,6972,6080],{"class":92},[52,6974,4003],{"class":3996},[52,6976,6085],{"class":92},[52,6978,127],{"class":66},[20,6980,5590],{},[43,6982,6983],{"className":45,"code":6862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6984,6985,7005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6986,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6988,59],{"class":58},[52,6990,63],{"class":62},[52,6992,3743],{"class":66},[52,6994,71],{"class":70},[52,6996,74],{"class":66},[52,6998,77],{"class":70},[52,7000,74],{"class":66},[52,7002,104],{"class":70},[52,7004,3756],{"class":66},[52,7006,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7008,119],{"class":118},[52,7010,122],{"class":66},[52,7012,5472],{"class":118},[52,7014,122],{"class":66},[52,7016,3142],{"class":92},[52,7018,4370],{"class":62},[52,7020,77],{"class":70},[52,7022,3997],{"class":3996},[52,7024,4000],{"class":92},[52,7026,4003],{"class":3996},[52,7028,479],{"class":92},[52,7030,2150],{"class":66},[38,7032,1996],{"id":1995},[154,7034,7035,7041,7045,7049,7054],{},[157,7036,7037],{},[30,7038,7039,3630],{"href":5543},[15,7040,3700],{},[157,7042,7043],{},[30,7044,3926],{"href":5896},[157,7046,7047],{},[30,7048,5334],{"href":5705},[157,7050,7051],{},[30,7052,7053],{"href":6317},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[157,7055,7056],{},[30,7057,7058,3630],{"href":5899},[15,7059,3932],{},[2044,7061,7062],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":7064},[7065,7066,7067,7068,7069,7070,7071,7072,7078,7084],{"id":5493,"depth":83,"text":5494},{"id":5548,"depth":83,"text":5549},{"id":3848,"depth":83,"text":3849},{"id":5905,"depth":83,"text":5906},{"id":6048,"depth":83,"text":6049},{"id":6321,"depth":83,"text":6322},{"id":6432,"depth":83,"text":6433},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":7073},[7074,7075,7076,7077],{"id":6642,"depth":115,"text":6643},{"id":6694,"depth":115,"text":6695},{"id":6751,"depth":115,"text":6752},{"id":6801,"depth":115,"text":6802},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":7079},[7080,7081,7082,7083],{"id":6918,"depth":115,"text":6919},{"id":6929,"depth":115,"text":6930},{"id":6940,"depth":115,"text":6941},{"id":6952,"depth":115,"text":6953},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5397,"description":7085},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7091,"title":7092,"body":7093,"description":9226,"extension":2083,"meta":9227,"navigation":240,"path":9228,"seo":9229,"stem":9230,"__hash__":9231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7094,"toc":9189},[7095,7098,7107,7117,7119,7216,7218,7247,7263,7267,7272,7275,7285,7291,7297,7313,7315,7323,7330,7334,7336,7351,7356,7374,7379,7381,7429,7431,7448,7452,7458,7461,7496,7498,7604,7606,7643,7647,7655,7657,7677,7679,7800,7802,7831,7834,7857,7859,7867,7875,7879,7884,7888,7931,7933,7941,7944,7972,7974,7982,7986,8015,8017,8025,8057,8059,8067,8071,8122,8124,8132,8140,8144,8147,8200,8202,8223,8230,8234,8240,8243,8251,8273,8275,8283,8291,8314,8316,8324,8329,8334,8346,8348,8389,8400,8404,8413,8416,8419,8478,8481,8533,8536,8542,8558,8564,8566,8571,8580,8583,8605,8607,8615,8620,8623,8658,8660,8668,8672,8677,8715,8726,8729,8784,8792,8796,8799,8821,8830,8833,8874,8876,8899,8905,8911,8926,8928,8948,8951,8970,8972,8991,8995,9001,9080,9083,9097,9104,9106,9110,9117,9121,9125,9129,9134,9138,9143,9147,9154,9156,9186],[10,7096,7092],{"id":7097},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7099,2100,7100,7102,7103,2996,7105,89],{},[15,7101,3932],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7104,3726],{},[15,7106,3795],{},[20,7108,7109,7110,7112,7113,7116],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7111,3932],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7114,7115],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[38,7118,41],{"id":40},[43,7120,7122],{"className":45,"code":7121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7123,7124,7138,7152,7166,7184,7194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7125,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7127,119],{"class":118},[52,7129,122],{"class":66},[52,7131,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7133,122],{"class":66},[52,7135,2243],{"class":70},[52,7137,2150],{"class":66},[52,7139,7140,7142,7144,7146,7148,7150],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7141,119],{"class":118},[52,7143,122],{"class":66},[52,7145,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7147,122],{"class":66},[52,7149,71],{"class":70},[52,7151,2150],{"class":66},[52,7153,7154,7156,7158,7160,7162,7164],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7155,119],{"class":118},[52,7157,122],{"class":66},[52,7159,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7161,122],{"class":66},[52,7163,6392],{"class":188},[52,7165,2150],{"class":66},[52,7167,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,7169,119],{"class":118},[52,7171,122],{"class":66},[52,7173,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7175,122],{"class":66},[52,7177,189],{"class":188},[52,7179,3964],{"class":192},[52,7181,189],{"class":188},[52,7183,2150],{"class":66},[52,7185,7186,7188,7190,7192],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,7187,119],{"class":118},[52,7189,122],{"class":66},[52,7191,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7193,4545],{"class":66},[52,7195,7196,7198,7200,7202,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,7197,119],{"class":118},[52,7199,122],{"class":66},[52,7201,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7203,96],{"class":66},[52,7205,71],{"class":70},[52,7207,74],{"class":66},[52,7209,77],{"class":70},[52,7211,74],{"class":66},[52,7213,104],{"class":70},[52,7215,3117],{"class":66},[20,7217,5678],{},[43,7219,7221],{"className":45,"code":7220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7222,7223,7227,7231,7235,7239,7243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7224,7225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7226,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7228,7229],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7230,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7232,7233],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7234,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7236,7237],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,7238,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7240,7241],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,7242,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7244,7245],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,7246,4100],{"class":3971},[20,7248,137,7249,7252,7253,2996,7255,7257,7258,7260,7261,89],{},[15,7250,7251],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7254,3726],{},[15,7256,3795],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7259,3795],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7262,3726],{},[38,7264,7266],{"id":7265},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7268,7269,7271],{},[15,7270,3932],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7273,7274],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[154,7276,7277,7281],{},[157,7278,7279],{},[15,7280,3726],{},[157,7282,7283],{},[15,7284,3795],{},[20,7286,7287,7288,7290],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7289,7115],{}," statements.",[20,7292,7293,7294,7296],{},"You can also call ",[15,7295,3932],{}," with no argument:",[43,7298,7300],{"className":45,"code":7299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool())\n",[15,7301,7302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7303,7304,7306,7308,7310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7305,119],{"class":118},[52,7307,122],{"class":66},[52,7309,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7311,7312],{"class":66},"())\n",[20,7314,2193],{},[43,7316,7317],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7318,7319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7320,7321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7322,4161],{"class":3971},[20,7324,7325,7326,89],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[30,7327,7329],{"href":7328},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[38,7331,7333],{"id":7332},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7335,271],{},[43,7337,7339],{"className":45,"code":7338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bool(value)\n",[15,7340,7341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7342,7343,7345,7347,7349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7344,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7346,122],{"class":66},[52,7348,2593],{"class":92},[52,7350,127],{"class":66},[20,7352,2100,7353,7355],{},[15,7354,2593],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[154,7357,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366,7369,7371],{},[157,7359,86],{},[157,7361,5427],{},[157,7363,5418],{},[157,7365,5421],{},[157,7367,7368],{},"dictionaries",[157,7370,5424],{},[157,7372,7373],{},"other objects",[20,7375,7376,7377,89],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7378,3795],{},[20,7380,347],{},[43,7382,7384],{"className":45,"code":7383,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7385,7386,7400,7419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7387,7388,7390,7392,7394,7396,7398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7389,119],{"class":118},[52,7391,122],{"class":66},[52,7393,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7395,122],{"class":66},[52,7397,2452],{"class":70},[52,7399,2150],{"class":66},[52,7401,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412,7415,7417],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7403,119],{"class":118},[52,7405,122],{"class":66},[52,7407,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7409,122],{"class":66},[52,7411,189],{"class":188},[52,7413,7414],{"class":192},"Python",[52,7416,189],{"class":188},[52,7418,2150],{"class":66},[52,7420,7421,7423,7425,7427],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7422,119],{"class":118},[52,7424,122],{"class":66},[52,7426,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7428,7312],{"class":66},[20,7430,2193],{},[43,7432,7434],{"className":45,"code":7433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7435,7436,7440,7444],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7437,7438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7439,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7441,7442],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7443,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7445,7446],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7447,4161],{"class":3971},[38,7449,7451],{"id":7450},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7453,7454,7455,7457],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[984,7456,5715],{}," values.",[20,7459,7460],{},"Common examples:",[154,7462,7463,7467,7471,7475,7479,7484,7488,7492],{},[157,7464,7465],{},[15,7466,2243],{},[157,7468,7469],{},[15,7470,3888],{},[157,7472,7473],{},[15,7474,6392],{},[157,7476,7477],{},[15,7478,3906],{},[157,7480,7481],{},[15,7482,7483],{},"()",[157,7485,7486],{},[15,7487,3911],{},[157,7489,7490],{},[15,7491,3916],{},[157,7493,7494],{},[15,7495,445],{},[20,7497,347],{},[43,7499,7501],{"className":45,"code":7500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7502,7503,7517,7531,7545,7555,7565,7576,7590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7504,7505,7507,7509,7511,7513,7515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7506,119],{"class":118},[52,7508,122],{"class":66},[52,7510,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7512,122],{"class":66},[52,7514,2243],{"class":70},[52,7516,2150],{"class":66},[52,7518,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7520,119],{"class":118},[52,7522,122],{"class":66},[52,7524,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7526,122],{"class":66},[52,7528,3888],{"class":70},[52,7530,2150],{"class":66},[52,7532,7533,7535,7537,7539,7541,7543],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7534,119],{"class":118},[52,7536,122],{"class":66},[52,7538,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7540,122],{"class":66},[52,7542,6392],{"class":188},[52,7544,2150],{"class":66},[52,7546,7547,7549,7551,7553],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,7548,119],{"class":118},[52,7550,122],{"class":66},[52,7552,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7554,4545],{"class":66},[52,7556,7557,7559,7561,7563],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,7558,119],{"class":118},[52,7560,122],{"class":66},[52,7562,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7564,4603],{"class":66},[52,7566,7567,7569,7571,7573],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,7568,119],{"class":118},[52,7570,122],{"class":66},[52,7572,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7574,7575],{"class":66},"({}))\n",[52,7577,7578,7580,7582,7584,7586,7588],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,7579,119],{"class":118},[52,7581,122],{"class":66},[52,7583,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7585,122],{"class":66},[52,7587,6407],{"class":3020},[52,7589,6410],{"class":66},[52,7591,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,7593,119],{"class":118},[52,7595,122],{"class":66},[52,7597,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7599,122],{"class":66},[52,7601,445],{"class":3971},[52,7603,2150],{"class":66},[20,7605,2193],{},[43,7607,7609],{"className":45,"code":7608,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7610,7611,7615,7619,7623,7627,7631,7635,7639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7612,7613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7614,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7616,7617],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7618,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7620,7621],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7622,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7624,7625],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,7626,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7628,7629],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,7630,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7632,7633],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,7634,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7636,7637],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,7638,4161],{"class":3971},[52,7640,7641],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,7642,4161],{"class":3971},[38,7644,7646],{"id":7645},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7648,7649,7650,7652,7653,7457],{},"Many values become ",[15,7651,3726],{},". These are often called ",[984,7654,5712],{},[20,7656,7460],{},[154,7658,7659,7662,7665,7668,7671,7674],{},[157,7660,7661],{},"non-zero numbers",[157,7663,7664],{},"non-empty strings",[157,7666,7667],{},"non-empty lists",[157,7669,7670],{},"non-empty tuples",[157,7672,7673],{},"non-empty sets",[157,7675,7676],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7678,347],{},[43,7680,7682],{"className":45,"code":7681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7683,7684,7698,7714,7732,7754,7772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7685,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694,7696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7687,119],{"class":118},[52,7689,122],{"class":66},[52,7691,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7693,122],{"class":66},[52,7695,1705],{"class":70},[52,7697,2150],{"class":66},[52,7699,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7701,119],{"class":118},[52,7703,122],{"class":66},[52,7705,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7707,122],{"class":66},[52,7709,2144],{"class":62},[52,7711,99],{"class":70},[52,7713,2150],{"class":66},[52,7715,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7717,119],{"class":118},[52,7719,122],{"class":66},[52,7721,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7723,122],{"class":66},[52,7725,189],{"class":188},[52,7727,3964],{"class":192},[52,7729,189],{"class":188},[52,7731,2150],{"class":66},[52,7733,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7750,7752],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,7735,119],{"class":118},[52,7737,122],{"class":66},[52,7739,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7741,96],{"class":66},[52,7743,71],{"class":70},[52,7745,74],{"class":66},[52,7747,77],{"class":70},[52,7749,74],{"class":66},[52,7751,104],{"class":70},[52,7753,3117],{"class":66},[52,7755,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,7757,119],{"class":118},[52,7759,122],{"class":66},[52,7761,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7763,5629],{"class":66},[52,7765,71],{"class":70},[52,7767,74],{"class":66},[52,7769,77],{"class":70},[52,7771,3031],{"class":66},[52,7773,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784,7787,7789,7791,7793,7796,7798],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,7775,119],{"class":118},[52,7777,122],{"class":66},[52,7779,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7781,5648],{"class":66},[52,7783,189],{"class":188},[52,7785,7786],{"class":192},"name",[52,7788,189],{"class":188},[52,7790,152],{"class":66},[52,7792,200],{"class":188},[52,7794,7795],{"class":192},"Sam",[52,7797,189],{"class":188},[52,7799,5657],{"class":66},[20,7801,2193],{},[43,7803,7805],{"className":45,"code":7804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7806,7807,7811,7815,7819,7823,7827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7808,7809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7810,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7812,7813],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7814,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7816,7817],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7818,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7820,7821],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,7822,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7824,7825],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,7826,4100],{"class":3971},[52,7828,7829],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,7830,4100],{"class":3971},[20,7832,7833],{},"One important example is this:",[43,7835,7837],{"className":45,"code":7836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7838,7839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7840,7841,7843,7845,7847,7849,7851,7853,7855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7842,119],{"class":118},[52,7844,122],{"class":66},[52,7846,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7848,122],{"class":66},[52,7850,189],{"class":188},[52,7852,3795],{"class":192},[52,7854,189],{"class":188},[52,7856,2150],{"class":66},[20,7858,2193],{},[43,7860,7861],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7862,7863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7864,7865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7866,4100],{"class":3971},[20,7868,7869,7870,7872,7873,89],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7871,6797],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7874,3726],{},[38,7876,7878],{"id":7877},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7880,692,7881,7883],{},[15,7882,3932],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1324,7885,7887],{"id":7886},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[43,7889,7891],{"className":45,"code":7890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7892,7893,7916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7894,7895,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7909,7911,7914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7896,7897],{"class":58},"items ",[52,7899,63],{"class":62},[52,7901,3743],{"class":66},[52,7903,2452],{"class":70},[52,7905,74],{"class":66},[52,7907,7908],{"class":70}," 20",[52,7910,74],{"class":66},[52,7912,7913],{"class":70}," 30",[52,7915,3756],{"class":66},[52,7917,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926,7929],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7919,119],{"class":118},[52,7921,122],{"class":66},[52,7923,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7925,122],{"class":66},[52,7927,7928],{"class":92},"items",[52,7930,2150],{"class":66},[20,7932,2193],{},[43,7934,7935],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7936,7937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7938,7939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7940,4100],{"class":3971},[20,7942,7943],{},"With an empty list:",[43,7945,7947],{"className":45,"code":7946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7948,7949,7958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7950,7951,7953,7955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7952,7897],{"class":58},[52,7954,63],{"class":62},[52,7956,7957],{"class":66}," []\n",[52,7959,7960,7962,7964,7966,7968,7970],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,7961,119],{"class":118},[52,7963,122],{"class":66},[52,7965,3987],{"class":3020},[52,7967,122],{"class":66},[52,7969,7928],{"class":92},[52,7971,2150],{"class":66},[20,7973,2193],{},[43,7975,7976],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7977,7978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7979,7980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7981,4161],{"class":3971},[1324,7983,7985],{"id":7984},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[43,7987,7989],{"className":45,"code":7988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7990,7991,8001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7992,7993,7996,7998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7994,7995],{"class":58},"name ",[52,7997,63],{"class":62},[52,7999,8000],{"class":188}," \"\"\n",[52,8002,8003,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8004,119],{"class":118},[52,8006,122],{"class":66},[52,8008,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8010,122],{"class":66},[52,8012,7786],{"class":92},[52,8014,2150],{"class":66},[20,8016,2193],{},[43,8018,8019],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8020,8021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8022,8023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8024,4161],{"class":3971},[43,8026,8028],{"className":45,"code":8027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8029,8030,8043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8031,8032,8034,8036,8038,8041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8033,7995],{"class":58},[52,8035,63],{"class":62},[52,8037,200],{"class":188},[52,8039,8040],{"class":192},"Mia",[52,8042,3479],{"class":188},[52,8044,8045,8047,8049,8051,8053,8055],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8046,119],{"class":118},[52,8048,122],{"class":66},[52,8050,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8052,122],{"class":66},[52,8054,7786],{"class":92},[52,8056,2150],{"class":66},[20,8058,2193],{},[43,8060,8061],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8062,8063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8064,8065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8066,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,8068,8070],{"id":8069},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[43,8072,8074],{"className":45,"code":8073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8075,8076,8090,8107,8111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8077,8078,8081,8083,8085,8088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8079,8080],{"class":58},"username ",[52,8082,63],{"class":62},[52,8084,200],{"class":188},[52,8086,8087],{"class":192},"alex",[52,8089,3479],{"class":188},[52,8091,8092,8095,8097,8100,8102,8105],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8093,8094],{"class":58},"has_name ",[52,8096,63],{"class":62},[52,8098,8099],{"class":3020}," bool",[52,8101,122],{"class":66},[52,8103,8104],{"class":92},"username",[52,8106,127],{"class":66},[52,8108,8109],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8110,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,8112,8113,8115,8117,8120],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,8114,119],{"class":118},[52,8116,122],{"class":66},[52,8118,8119],{"class":92},"has_name",[52,8121,127],{"class":66},[20,8123,2193],{},[43,8125,8126],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8127,8128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8129,8130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8131,4100],{"class":3971},[20,8133,8134,8135,2996,8137,8139],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8136,3726],{},[15,8138,3795],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1324,8141,8143],{"id":8142},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8145,8146],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[43,8148,8150],{"className":45,"code":8149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8151,8152,8172,8176,8184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8153,8154,8156,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166,8168,8170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8155,59],{"class":58},[52,8157,63],{"class":62},[52,8159,3743],{"class":66},[52,8161,71],{"class":70},[52,8163,74],{"class":66},[52,8165,77],{"class":70},[52,8167,74],{"class":66},[52,8169,104],{"class":70},[52,8171,3756],{"class":66},[52,8173,8174],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8175,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,8177,8178,8180,8182],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8179,7115],{"class":3996},[52,8181,479],{"class":58},[52,8183,6514],{"class":66},[52,8185,8186,8189,8191,8193,8196,8198],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,8187,8188],{"class":118},"    print",[52,8190,122],{"class":66},[52,8192,189],{"class":188},[52,8194,8195],{"class":192},"The list is not empty",[52,8197,189],{"class":188},[52,8199,127],{"class":66},[20,8201,2193],{},[43,8203,8205],{"className":45,"code":8204,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8206,8207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8208,8209,8211,8214,8217,8220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8210,2100],{"class":58},[52,8212,8213],{"class":3020},"list",[52,8215,8216],{"class":62}," is",[52,8218,8219],{"class":62}," not",[52,8221,8222],{"class":58}," empty\n",[20,8224,8225,8226,89],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[30,8227,8229],{"href":8228},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[38,8231,8233],{"id":8232},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8235,8236,8237,8239],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8238,3932],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8241,8242],{},"It does not do that.",[1324,8244,8246,442,8249],{"id":8245},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8247,8248],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8250,3726],{},[43,8252,8253],{"className":45,"code":7836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8254,8255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8256,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8258,119],{"class":118},[52,8260,122],{"class":66},[52,8262,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8264,122],{"class":66},[52,8266,189],{"class":188},[52,8268,3795],{"class":192},[52,8270,189],{"class":188},[52,8272,2150],{"class":66},[20,8274,2193],{},[43,8276,8277],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8278,8279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8280,8281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8282,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,8284,8286,442,8289],{"id":8285},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8287,8288],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8290,3726],{},[43,8292,8294],{"className":45,"code":8293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8295,8296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8297,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8299,119],{"class":118},[52,8301,122],{"class":66},[52,8303,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8305,122],{"class":66},[52,8307,189],{"class":188},[52,8309,2243],{"class":192},[52,8311,189],{"class":188},[52,8313,2150],{"class":66},[20,8315,2193],{},[43,8317,8318],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8319,8320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8321,8322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8323,4100],{"class":3971},[20,8325,8326,8327,89],{},"This happens because both values are ",[984,8328,7664],{},[20,8330,8331,8333],{},[15,8332,3932],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8335,8336,8337,8342,8343,8345],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[30,8338,8340],{"href":8339},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8341,3077],{},", because ",[15,8344,3077],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8347,347],{},[43,8349,8351],{"className":45,"code":8350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8352,8353,8374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8354,8355,8358,8360,8363,8365,8367,8370,8372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8356,8357],{"class":58},"user_value ",[52,8359,63],{"class":62},[52,8361,8362],{"class":118}," input",[52,8364,122],{"class":66},[52,8366,189],{"class":188},[52,8368,8369],{"class":192},"Enter True or False: ",[52,8371,189],{"class":188},[52,8373,127],{"class":66},[52,8375,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8387],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8377,119],{"class":118},[52,8379,122],{"class":66},[52,8381,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8383,122],{"class":66},[52,8385,8386],{"class":92},"user_value",[52,8388,2150],{"class":66},[20,8390,8391,8392,8394,8395,8342,8397,8399],{},"If the user types ",[15,8393,3795],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8396,3726],{},[15,8398,6797],{}," is not empty.",[38,8401,8403],{"id":8402},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8405,8406,8407,8409,8410,8412],{},"In many ",[15,8408,7115],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8411,3932],{}," yourself.",[20,8414,8415],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8417,8418],{},"Instead of this:",[43,8420,8422],{"className":45,"code":8421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8423,8424,8445,8449,8463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8425,8426,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8427,8428],{"class":58},"my_list ",[52,8430,63],{"class":62},[52,8432,3743],{"class":66},[52,8434,71],{"class":70},[52,8436,74],{"class":66},[52,8438,77],{"class":70},[52,8440,74],{"class":66},[52,8442,104],{"class":70},[52,8444,3756],{"class":66},[52,8446,8447],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8448,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,8450,8451,8453,8455,8457,8460],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8452,7115],{"class":3996},[52,8454,8099],{"class":3020},[52,8456,122],{"class":66},[52,8458,8459],{"class":92},"my_list",[52,8461,8462],{"class":66},"):\n",[52,8464,8465,8467,8469,8471,8474,8476],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,8466,8188],{"class":118},[52,8468,122],{"class":66},[52,8470,189],{"class":188},[52,8472,8473],{"class":192},"List has items",[52,8475,189],{"class":188},[52,8477,127],{"class":66},[20,8479,8480],{},"You can simply write:",[43,8482,8484],{"className":45,"code":8483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8485,8486,8506,8510,8519],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8487,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496,8498,8500,8502,8504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8489,8428],{"class":58},[52,8491,63],{"class":62},[52,8493,3743],{"class":66},[52,8495,71],{"class":70},[52,8497,74],{"class":66},[52,8499,77],{"class":70},[52,8501,74],{"class":66},[52,8503,104],{"class":70},[52,8505,3756],{"class":66},[52,8507,8508],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8509,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,8511,8512,8514,8517],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8513,7115],{"class":3996},[52,8515,8516],{"class":58}," my_list",[52,8518,6514],{"class":66},[52,8520,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529,8531],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,8522,8188],{"class":118},[52,8524,122],{"class":66},[52,8526,189],{"class":188},[52,8528,8473],{"class":192},[52,8530,189],{"class":188},[52,8532,127],{"class":66},[20,8534,8535],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8537,8538,8539,8541],{},"Using ",[15,8540,3932],{}," is still helpful when:",[154,8543,8544,8547,8555],{},[157,8545,8546],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[157,8548,8549,8550,2996,8552,8554],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8551,3726],{},[15,8553,3795],{}," value",[157,8556,8557],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8559,8560,8561,89],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[30,8562,8563],{"href":2420},"Python type() function explained",[38,8565,2948],{"id":2947},[20,8567,8568,8569,89],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8570,3932],{},[1324,8572,8574,8575,8577,8578],{"id":8573},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8576,8248],{}," to return ",[15,8579,3795],{},[20,8581,8582],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[43,8584,8585],{"className":45,"code":7836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8586,8587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8588,8589,8591,8593,8595,8597,8599,8601,8603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8590,119],{"class":118},[52,8592,122],{"class":66},[52,8594,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8596,122],{"class":66},[52,8598,189],{"class":188},[52,8600,3795],{"class":192},[52,8602,189],{"class":188},[52,8604,2150],{"class":66},[20,8606,2193],{},[43,8608,8609],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8610,8611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8612,8613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8614,4100],{"class":3971},[20,8616,8617,8618,6798],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8619,6797],{},[20,8621,8622],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[43,8624,8626],{"className":45,"code":8625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8627,8628,8640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8629,8630,8632,8634,8636,8638],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8631,2568],{"class":58},[52,8633,63],{"class":62},[52,8635,200],{"class":188},[52,8637,3795],{"class":192},[52,8639,3479],{"class":188},[52,8641,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8643,119],{"class":118},[52,8645,122],{"class":66},[52,8647,2568],{"class":92},[52,8649,4805],{"class":62},[52,8651,200],{"class":188},[52,8653,3726],{"class":192},[52,8655,189],{"class":188},[52,8657,127],{"class":66},[20,8659,2193],{},[43,8661,8662],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8663,8664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8665,8666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8667,4161],{"class":3971},[1324,8669,8671],{"id":8670},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8673,8674,8676],{},[15,8675,3077],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[43,8678,8680],{"className":45,"code":8679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8681,8682,8701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8683,8684,8686,8688,8690,8692,8694,8697,8699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8685,2568],{"class":58},[52,8687,63],{"class":62},[52,8689,8362],{"class":118},[52,8691,122],{"class":66},[52,8693,189],{"class":188},[52,8695,8696],{"class":192},"Enter yes or no: ",[52,8698,189],{"class":188},[52,8700,127],{"class":66},[52,8702,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8704,119],{"class":118},[52,8706,122],{"class":66},[52,8708,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8710,122],{"class":66},[52,8712,2593],{"class":92},[52,8714,2150],{"class":66},[20,8716,8391,8717,8720,8721,1714,8723,8399],{},[15,8718,8719],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8722,3726],{},[15,8724,8725],{},"\"no\"",[20,8727,8728],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[43,8730,8732],{"className":45,"code":8731,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8733,8734,8765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8735,8736,8738,8740,8742,8744,8746,8748,8750,8753,8756,8759,8762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8737,2568],{"class":58},[52,8739,63],{"class":62},[52,8741,8362],{"class":118},[52,8743,122],{"class":66},[52,8745,189],{"class":188},[52,8747,8696],{"class":192},[52,8749,189],{"class":188},[52,8751,8752],{"class":66},").",[52,8754,8755],{"class":92},"strip",[52,8757,8758],{"class":66},"().",[52,8760,8761],{"class":92},"lower",[52,8763,8764],{"class":66},"()\n",[52,8766,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8780,8782],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8768,119],{"class":118},[52,8770,122],{"class":66},[52,8772,2568],{"class":92},[52,8774,4805],{"class":62},[52,8776,200],{"class":188},[52,8778,8779],{"class":192},"yes",[52,8781,189],{"class":188},[52,8783,127],{"class":66},[20,8785,8786,8787,8789,8790,89],{},"This gives ",[15,8788,3726],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8791,8779],{},[1324,8793,8795],{"id":8794},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8797,8798],{},"These are different:",[154,8800,8801,8805,8809,8813,8817],{},[157,8802,8803],{},[15,8804,3795],{},[157,8806,8807],{},[15,8808,2243],{},[157,8810,8811],{},[15,8812,6392],{},[157,8814,8815],{},[15,8816,3906],{},[157,8818,8819],{},[15,8820,445],{},[20,8822,8823,8824,8826,8827,8829],{},"They all become ",[15,8825,3795],{}," with ",[15,8828,3932],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8831,8832],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[43,8834,8836],{"className":45,"code":8835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8837,8838,8846,8860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8839,8840,8842,8844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8841,2568],{"class":58},[52,8843,63],{"class":62},[52,8845,7957],{"class":66},[52,8847,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8849,119],{"class":118},[52,8851,122],{"class":66},[52,8853,3340],{"class":3020},[52,8855,122],{"class":66},[52,8857,2593],{"class":92},[52,8859,2150],{"class":66},[52,8861,8862,8864,8866,8868,8870,8872],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8863,119],{"class":118},[52,8865,122],{"class":66},[52,8867,3987],{"class":3020},[52,8869,122],{"class":66},[52,8871,2593],{"class":92},[52,8873,2150],{"class":66},[20,8875,2193],{},[43,8877,8879],{"className":45,"code":8878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8880,8881,8895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8882,8883,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8884,3409],{"class":62},[52,8886,3412],{"class":2187},[52,8888,3415],{"class":188},[52,8890,8213],{"class":192},[52,8892,3420],{"class":188},[52,8894,3423],{"class":62},[52,8896,8897],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,8898,4161],{"class":3971},[1324,8900,8538,8902,8904],{"id":8901},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8903,3911],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8906,8907,8908,8910],{},"In Python, ",[15,8909,3911],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[43,8912,8914],{"className":45,"code":8913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8915,8916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8917,8918,8920,8922,8924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8919,119],{"class":118},[52,8921,122],{"class":66},[52,8923,3340],{"class":3020},[52,8925,7575],{"class":66},[20,8927,2193],{},[43,8929,8931],{"className":45,"code":8930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8932,8933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8934,8935,8937,8939,8941,8944,8946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8936,3409],{"class":62},[52,8938,3412],{"class":2187},[52,8940,3415],{"class":188},[52,8942,8943],{"class":192},"dict",[52,8945,3420],{"class":188},[52,8947,3423],{"class":62},[20,8949,8950],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[43,8952,8954],{"className":45,"code":8953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8955,8956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8957,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8959,119],{"class":118},[52,8961,122],{"class":66},[52,8963,3340],{"class":3020},[52,8965,122],{"class":66},[52,8967,6407],{"class":3020},[52,8969,6410],{"class":66},[20,8971,2193],{},[43,8973,8975],{"className":45,"code":8974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8976,8977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8978,8979,8981,8983,8985,8987,8989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8980,3409],{"class":62},[52,8982,3412],{"class":2187},[52,8984,3415],{"class":188},[52,8986,6407],{"class":192},[52,8988,3420],{"class":188},[52,8990,3423],{"class":62},[38,8992,8994],{"id":8993},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8996,8997,8998,9000],{},"If ",[15,8999,3932],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[43,9002,9004],{"className":45,"code":9003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9005,9006,9020,9034,9044,9062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9007,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9009,119],{"class":118},[52,9011,122],{"class":66},[52,9013,3987],{"class":3020},[52,9015,122],{"class":66},[52,9017,2593],{"class":92},[52,9019,2150],{"class":66},[52,9021,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9023,119],{"class":118},[52,9025,122],{"class":66},[52,9027,3340],{"class":3020},[52,9029,122],{"class":66},[52,9031,2593],{"class":92},[52,9033,2150],{"class":66},[52,9035,9036,9038,9040,9042],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9037,119],{"class":118},[52,9039,122],{"class":66},[52,9041,2593],{"class":92},[52,9043,127],{"class":66},[52,9045,9046,9048,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058,9060],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,9047,119],{"class":118},[52,9049,122],{"class":66},[52,9051,2568],{"class":92},[52,9053,4805],{"class":62},[52,9055,200],{"class":188},[52,9057,3726],{"class":192},[52,9059,189],{"class":188},[52,9061,127],{"class":66},[52,9063,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076,9078],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,9065,119],{"class":118},[52,9067,122],{"class":66},[52,9069,2593],{"class":92},[52,9071,89],{"class":66},[52,9073,8755],{"class":92},[52,9075,8758],{"class":66},[52,9077,8761],{"class":92},[52,9079,7312],{"class":66},[20,9081,9082],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[154,9084,9085,9088,9091,9094],{},[157,9086,9087],{},"what the value really is",[157,9089,9090],{},"whether it is a string",[157,9092,9093],{},"whether it contains spaces",[157,9095,9096],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9098,9099,9100,89],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[30,9101,9103],{"href":9102},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[38,9105,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,9107,9109],{"id":9108},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9111,9112,9113,2996,9115,89],{},"It returns either ",[15,9114,3726],{},[15,9116,3795],{},[1324,9118,9120],{"id":9119},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9122,5266,9123,89],{},[15,9124,3795],{},[1324,9126,9128],{"id":9127},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9130,9131,9132,89],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9133,3726],{},[1324,9135,9137],{"id":9136},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9139,9140,9141,89],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9142,3795],{},[1324,9144,9146],{"id":9145},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9148,9149,9150,2996,9152,3857],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9151,3726],{},[15,9153,3795],{},[38,9155,1996],{"id":1995},[154,9157,9158,9163,9167,9172,9176,9181],{},[157,9159,9160],{},[30,9161,9162],{"href":5896},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[157,9164,9165],{},[30,9166,8229],{"href":8228},[157,9168,9169],{},[30,9170,9171],{"href":8339},"Python input() function explained",[157,9173,9174],{},[30,9175,8563],{"href":2420},[157,9177,9178],{},[30,9179,9180],{"href":9102},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[157,9182,9183],{},[30,9184,9185],{"href":7328},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2044,9187,9188],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":9190},[9191,9192,9193,9194,9195,9196,9202,9208,9209,9217,9218,9225],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":7265,"depth":83,"text":7266},{"id":7332,"depth":83,"text":7333},{"id":7450,"depth":83,"text":7451},{"id":7645,"depth":83,"text":7646},{"id":7877,"depth":83,"text":7878,"children":9197},[9198,9199,9200,9201],{"id":7886,"depth":115,"text":7887},{"id":7984,"depth":115,"text":7985},{"id":8069,"depth":115,"text":8070},{"id":8142,"depth":115,"text":8143},{"id":8232,"depth":83,"text":8233,"children":9203},[9204,9206],{"id":8245,"depth":115,"text":9205},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8285,"depth":115,"text":9207},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8402,"depth":83,"text":8403},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":9210},[9211,9213,9214,9215],{"id":8573,"depth":115,"text":9212},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8670,"depth":115,"text":8671},{"id":8794,"depth":115,"text":8795},{"id":8901,"depth":115,"text":9216},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8993,"depth":83,"text":8994},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":9219},[9220,9221,9222,9223,9224],{"id":9108,"depth":115,"text":9109},{"id":9119,"depth":115,"text":9120},{"id":9127,"depth":115,"text":9128},{"id":9136,"depth":115,"text":9137},{"id":9145,"depth":115,"text":9146},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7092,"description":9226},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9233,"title":9234,"body":9235,"description":11422,"extension":2083,"meta":11423,"navigation":240,"path":11424,"seo":11425,"stem":11426,"__hash__":11427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9236,"toc":11384},[9237,9243,9249,9256,9261,9272,9279,9386,9390,9458,9463,9468,9473,9476,9487,9492,9495,9506,9513,9515,9520,9524,9549,9553,9562,9566,9629,9633,9666,9670,9715,9719,9756,9760,9763,9818,9822,9867,9870,9875,9914,9918,9941,9944,9958,9971,9975,9980,10047,10051,10087,10090,10098,10101,10165,10169,10201,10207,10209,10269,10276,10279,10357,10361,10394,10398,10401,10445,10449,10485,10488,10505,10508,10511,10564,10567,10578,10585,10594,10597,10654,10658,10699,10706,10714,10720,10728,10740,10745,10756,10829,10832,10844,10860,10864,10868,10872,10874,10917,10923,10926,10989,10993,10996,11005,11010,11047,11051,11054,11062,11065,11104,11108,11111,11162,11166,11187,11194,11196,11202,11228,11231,11286,11289,11300,11302,11309,11317,11323,11328,11335,11338,11345,11352,11354,11381],[10,9238,3697,9240,3701],{"id":9239},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9241,9242],{},"dict()",[20,9244,9245,9246,9248],{},"The built-in ",[15,9247,9242],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9250,9251,9252,9255],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[984,9253,9254],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9257,9258,9260],{},[15,9259,9242],{}," is commonly used to:",[154,9262,9263,9266,9269],{},[157,9264,9265],{},"create an empty dictionary",[157,9267,9268],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[157,9270,9271],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9273,9274,9275,89],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[30,9276,9278],{"href":9277},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[43,9280,9282],{"className":45,"code":9281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9283,9284,9319,9330,9334,9371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9285,9286,9289,9291,9294,9296,9299,9301,9303,9305,9307,9309,9312,9314,9317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9287,9288],{"class":58},"data ",[52,9290,63],{"class":62},[52,9292,9293],{"class":3020}," dict",[52,9295,122],{"class":66},[52,9297,7786],{"class":9298},"s99_P",[52,9300,63],{"class":62},[52,9302,3420],{"class":188},[52,9304,5121],{"class":192},[52,9306,3420],{"class":188},[52,9308,74],{"class":66},[52,9310,9311],{"class":9298}," age",[52,9313,63],{"class":62},[52,9315,9316],{"class":70},"25",[52,9318,127],{"class":66},[52,9320,9321,9323,9325,9328],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9322,119],{"class":118},[52,9324,122],{"class":66},[52,9326,9327],{"class":92},"data",[52,9329,127],{"class":66},[52,9331,9332],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9333,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,9335,9336,9339,9341,9344,9346,9348,9350,9352,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362,9364,9366,9368],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,9337,9338],{"class":58},"pairs ",[52,9340,63],{"class":62},[52,9342,9343],{"class":66}," [(",[52,9345,3420],{"class":188},[52,9347,30],{"class":192},[52,9349,3420],{"class":188},[52,9351,74],{"class":66},[52,9353,5616],{"class":70},[52,9355,399],{"class":66},[52,9357,388],{"class":66},[52,9359,3420],{"class":188},[52,9361,1393],{"class":192},[52,9363,3420],{"class":188},[52,9365,74],{"class":66},[52,9367,77],{"class":70},[52,9369,9370],{"class":66},")]\n",[52,9372,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9384],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,9374,119],{"class":118},[52,9376,122],{"class":66},[52,9378,8943],{"class":3020},[52,9380,122],{"class":66},[52,9382,9383],{"class":92},"pairs",[52,9385,2150],{"class":66},[20,9387,9388],{},[984,9389,2193],{},[43,9391,9393],{"className":45,"code":9392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9394,9395,9430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9396,9397,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9421,9423,9425,9428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9398,9399],{"class":66},"{",[52,9401,3420],{"class":188},[52,9403,7786],{"class":192},[52,9405,3420],{"class":188},[52,9407,152],{"class":66},[52,9409,3415],{"class":188},[52,9411,5121],{"class":192},[52,9413,3420],{"class":188},[52,9415,74],{"class":66},[52,9417,3415],{"class":188},[52,9419,9420],{"class":192},"age",[52,9422,3420],{"class":188},[52,9424,152],{"class":66},[52,9426,9427],{"class":70}," 25",[52,9429,80],{"class":66},[52,9431,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9433,9399],{"class":66},[52,9435,3420],{"class":188},[52,9437,30],{"class":192},[52,9439,3420],{"class":188},[52,9441,152],{"class":66},[52,9443,5616],{"class":70},[52,9445,74],{"class":66},[52,9447,3415],{"class":188},[52,9449,1393],{"class":192},[52,9451,3420],{"class":188},[52,9453,152],{"class":66},[52,9455,77],{"class":70},[52,9457,80],{"class":66},[20,9459,137,9460,9462],{},[15,9461,9242],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[38,9464,144,9466,147],{"id":9465},"what-dict-does",[15,9467,9242],{},[20,9469,9470,9472],{},[15,9471,9242],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9474,9475],{},"A dictionary:",[154,9477,9478,9481,9484],{},[157,9479,9480],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[157,9482,9483],{},"lets you look up values by key",[157,9485,9486],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9488,9489,9491],{},[15,9490,9242],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9493,9494],{},"Common uses include:",[154,9496,9497,9500,9503],{},[157,9498,9499],{},"making an empty dictionary",[157,9501,9502],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[157,9504,9505],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9507,9508,9509,89],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[30,9510,9512],{"href":9511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[38,9514,268],{"id":267},[20,9516,9517,9519],{},[15,9518,9242],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1324,9521,9523],{"id":9522},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[43,9525,9527],{"className":45,"code":9526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9528,9529,9539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9530,9531,9533,9535,9537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9532,9288],{"class":58},[52,9534,63],{"class":62},[52,9536,9293],{"class":3020},[52,9538,8764],{"class":66},[52,9540,9541,9543,9545,9547],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9542,119],{"class":118},[52,9544,122],{"class":66},[52,9546,9327],{"class":92},[52,9548,127],{"class":66},[20,9550,9551],{},[984,9552,2193],{},[43,9554,9556],{"className":45,"code":9555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n",[15,9557,9558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9559,9560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9561,9555],{"class":66},[1324,9563,9565],{"id":9564},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[43,9567,9569],{"className":45,"code":9568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9570,9571,9605,9619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9572,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9574,9338],{"class":58},[52,9576,63],{"class":62},[52,9578,9343],{"class":66},[52,9580,3420],{"class":188},[52,9582,30],{"class":192},[52,9584,3420],{"class":188},[52,9586,74],{"class":66},[52,9588,5616],{"class":70},[52,9590,399],{"class":66},[52,9592,388],{"class":66},[52,9594,3420],{"class":188},[52,9596,1393],{"class":192},[52,9598,3420],{"class":188},[52,9600,74],{"class":66},[52,9602,77],{"class":70},[52,9604,9370],{"class":66},[52,9606,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9608,9288],{"class":58},[52,9610,63],{"class":62},[52,9612,9293],{"class":3020},[52,9614,122],{"class":66},[52,9616,9383],{"class":92},[52,9618,127],{"class":66},[52,9620,9621,9623,9625,9627],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9622,119],{"class":118},[52,9624,122],{"class":66},[52,9626,9327],{"class":92},[52,9628,127],{"class":66},[20,9630,9631],{},[984,9632,2193],{},[43,9634,9636],{"className":45,"code":9635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9637,9638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9639,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9641,9399],{"class":66},[52,9643,3420],{"class":188},[52,9645,30],{"class":192},[52,9647,3420],{"class":188},[52,9649,152],{"class":66},[52,9651,5616],{"class":70},[52,9653,74],{"class":66},[52,9655,3415],{"class":188},[52,9657,1393],{"class":192},[52,9659,3420],{"class":188},[52,9661,152],{"class":66},[52,9663,77],{"class":70},[52,9665,80],{"class":66},[1324,9667,9669],{"id":9668},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[43,9671,9673],{"className":45,"code":9672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9674,9675,9705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9676,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9678,9288],{"class":58},[52,9680,63],{"class":62},[52,9682,9293],{"class":3020},[52,9684,122],{"class":66},[52,9686,7786],{"class":9298},[52,9688,63],{"class":62},[52,9690,3420],{"class":188},[52,9692,5121],{"class":192},[52,9694,3420],{"class":188},[52,9696,74],{"class":66},[52,9698,9311],{"class":9298},[52,9700,63],{"class":62},[52,9702,9316],{"class":70},[52,9704,127],{"class":66},[52,9706,9707,9709,9711,9713],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9708,119],{"class":118},[52,9710,122],{"class":66},[52,9712,9327],{"class":92},[52,9714,127],{"class":66},[20,9716,9717],{},[984,9718,2193],{},[43,9720,9722],{"className":45,"code":9721,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9723,9724],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9725,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9727,9399],{"class":66},[52,9729,3420],{"class":188},[52,9731,7786],{"class":192},[52,9733,3420],{"class":188},[52,9735,152],{"class":66},[52,9737,3415],{"class":188},[52,9739,5121],{"class":192},[52,9741,3420],{"class":188},[52,9743,74],{"class":66},[52,9745,3415],{"class":188},[52,9747,9420],{"class":192},[52,9749,3420],{"class":188},[52,9751,152],{"class":66},[52,9753,9427],{"class":70},[52,9755,80],{"class":66},[1324,9757,9759],{"id":9758},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9761,9762],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[43,9764,9766],{"className":45,"code":9765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9767,9768,9808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9769,9770,9772,9774,9776,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9771,9288],{"class":58},[52,9773,63],{"class":62},[52,9775,9293],{"class":3020},[52,9777,9778],{"class":66},"([(",[52,9780,3420],{"class":188},[52,9782,30],{"class":192},[52,9784,3420],{"class":188},[52,9786,74],{"class":66},[52,9788,5616],{"class":70},[52,9790,9791],{"class":66},")],",[52,9793,337],{"class":9298},[52,9795,63],{"class":62},[52,9797,99],{"class":70},[52,9799,74],{"class":66},[52,9801,342],{"class":9298},[52,9803,63],{"class":62},[52,9805,488],{"class":70},[52,9807,127],{"class":66},[52,9809,9810,9812,9814,9816],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9811,119],{"class":118},[52,9813,122],{"class":66},[52,9815,9327],{"class":92},[52,9817,127],{"class":66},[20,9819,9820],{},[984,9821,2193],{},[43,9823,9825],{"className":45,"code":9824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9826,9827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9828,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863,9865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9830,9399],{"class":66},[52,9832,3420],{"class":188},[52,9834,30],{"class":192},[52,9836,3420],{"class":188},[52,9838,152],{"class":66},[52,9840,5616],{"class":70},[52,9842,74],{"class":66},[52,9844,3415],{"class":188},[52,9846,1393],{"class":192},[52,9848,3420],{"class":188},[52,9850,152],{"class":66},[52,9852,77],{"class":70},[52,9854,74],{"class":66},[52,9856,3415],{"class":188},[52,9858,1491],{"class":192},[52,9860,3420],{"class":188},[52,9862,152],{"class":66},[52,9864,104],{"class":70},[52,9866,80],{"class":66},[38,9868,9523],{"id":9869},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9871,137,9872,9874],{},[15,9873,9242],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[43,9876,9878],{"className":45,"code":9877,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9879,9880,9890,9904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9881,9882,9884,9886,9888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9883,9288],{"class":58},[52,9885,63],{"class":62},[52,9887,9293],{"class":3020},[52,9889,8764],{"class":66},[52,9891,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9893,119],{"class":118},[52,9895,122],{"class":66},[52,9897,3340],{"class":3020},[52,9899,122],{"class":66},[52,9901,9327],{"class":92},[52,9903,2150],{"class":66},[52,9905,9906,9908,9910,9912],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9907,119],{"class":118},[52,9909,122],{"class":66},[52,9911,9327],{"class":92},[52,9913,127],{"class":66},[20,9915,9916],{},[984,9917,2193],{},[43,9919,9921],{"className":45,"code":9920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9922,9923,9937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9924,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9926,3409],{"class":62},[52,9928,3412],{"class":2187},[52,9930,3415],{"class":188},[52,9932,8943],{"class":192},[52,9934,3420],{"class":188},[52,9936,3423],{"class":62},[52,9938,9939],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,9940,9555],{"class":66},[20,9942,9943],{},"This gives the same result as:",[43,9945,9947],{"className":45,"code":9946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n",[15,9948,9949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9950,9951,9953,9955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9952,9288],{"class":58},[52,9954,63],{"class":62},[52,9956,9957],{"class":66}," {}\n",[20,9959,9960,9961,9963,9964,9967,9968,9970],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9962,3911],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9965,9966],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9969,9242],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[38,9972,9974],{"id":9973},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9976,9977,9978,89],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9979,9242],{},[43,9981,9983],{"className":45,"code":9982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9984,9985,10023,10037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9986,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9988,9338],{"class":58},[52,9990,63],{"class":62},[52,9992,9343],{"class":66},[52,9994,3420],{"class":188},[52,9996,7786],{"class":192},[52,9998,3420],{"class":188},[52,10000,74],{"class":66},[52,10002,3415],{"class":188},[52,10004,5121],{"class":192},[52,10006,3420],{"class":188},[52,10008,399],{"class":66},[52,10010,388],{"class":66},[52,10012,3420],{"class":188},[52,10014,9420],{"class":192},[52,10016,3420],{"class":188},[52,10018,74],{"class":66},[52,10020,9427],{"class":70},[52,10022,9370],{"class":66},[52,10024,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10026,9288],{"class":58},[52,10028,63],{"class":62},[52,10030,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10032,122],{"class":66},[52,10034,9383],{"class":92},[52,10036,127],{"class":66},[52,10038,10039,10041,10043,10045],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10040,119],{"class":118},[52,10042,122],{"class":66},[52,10044,9327],{"class":92},[52,10046,127],{"class":66},[20,10048,10049],{},[984,10050,2193],{},[43,10052,10053],{"className":45,"code":9721,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10054,10055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10056,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10058,9399],{"class":66},[52,10060,3420],{"class":188},[52,10062,7786],{"class":192},[52,10064,3420],{"class":188},[52,10066,152],{"class":66},[52,10068,3415],{"class":188},[52,10070,5121],{"class":192},[52,10072,3420],{"class":188},[52,10074,74],{"class":66},[52,10076,3415],{"class":188},[52,10078,9420],{"class":192},[52,10080,3420],{"class":188},[52,10082,152],{"class":66},[52,10084,9427],{"class":70},[52,10086,80],{"class":66},[20,10088,10089],{},"Each pair becomes:",[154,10091,10092,10095],{},[157,10093,10094],{},"the first item as the key",[157,10096,10097],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10099,10100],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[43,10102,10104],{"className":45,"code":10103,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10105,10106,10141,10155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10107,10108,10110,10112,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10109,9338],{"class":58},[52,10111,63],{"class":62},[52,10113,10114],{"class":66}," ((",[52,10116,3420],{"class":188},[52,10118,30],{"class":192},[52,10120,3420],{"class":188},[52,10122,74],{"class":66},[52,10124,5616],{"class":70},[52,10126,399],{"class":66},[52,10128,388],{"class":66},[52,10130,3420],{"class":188},[52,10132,1393],{"class":192},[52,10134,3420],{"class":188},[52,10136,74],{"class":66},[52,10138,77],{"class":70},[52,10140,2150],{"class":66},[52,10142,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10144,9288],{"class":58},[52,10146,63],{"class":62},[52,10148,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10150,122],{"class":66},[52,10152,9383],{"class":92},[52,10154,127],{"class":66},[52,10156,10157,10159,10161,10163],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10158,119],{"class":118},[52,10160,122],{"class":66},[52,10162,9327],{"class":92},[52,10164,127],{"class":66},[20,10166,10167],{},[984,10168,2193],{},[43,10170,10171],{"className":45,"code":9635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10172,10173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10174,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10176,9399],{"class":66},[52,10178,3420],{"class":188},[52,10180,30],{"class":192},[52,10182,3420],{"class":188},[52,10184,152],{"class":66},[52,10186,5616],{"class":70},[52,10188,74],{"class":66},[52,10190,3415],{"class":188},[52,10192,1393],{"class":192},[52,10194,3420],{"class":188},[52,10196,152],{"class":66},[52,10198,77],{"class":70},[52,10200,80],{"class":66},[20,10202,10203,10204,89],{},"Each item must contain ",[984,10205,10206],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10208,1671],{},[43,10210,10212],{"className":45,"code":10211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10213,10214,10254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10215,10216,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10217,10218],{"class":58},"bad_data ",[52,10220,63],{"class":62},[52,10222,9343],{"class":66},[52,10224,3420],{"class":188},[52,10226,30],{"class":192},[52,10228,3420],{"class":188},[52,10230,74],{"class":66},[52,10232,5616],{"class":70},[52,10234,74],{"class":66},[52,10236,10237],{"class":70}," 100",[52,10239,399],{"class":66},[52,10241,388],{"class":66},[52,10243,3420],{"class":188},[52,10245,1393],{"class":192},[52,10247,3420],{"class":188},[52,10249,74],{"class":66},[52,10251,77],{"class":70},[52,10253,9370],{"class":66},[52,10255,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10267],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10257,474],{"class":58},[52,10259,63],{"class":62},[52,10261,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10263,122],{"class":66},[52,10265,10266],{"class":92},"bad_data",[52,10268,127],{"class":66},[20,10270,10271,10272,10275],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10273,10274],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10277,10278],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[43,10280,10282],{"className":45,"code":10281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10283,10284,10333,10347],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10285,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10287,9338],{"class":58},[52,10289,63],{"class":62},[52,10291,9343],{"class":66},[52,10293,3420],{"class":188},[52,10295,30],{"class":192},[52,10297,3420],{"class":188},[52,10299,74],{"class":66},[52,10301,5616],{"class":70},[52,10303,399],{"class":66},[52,10305,388],{"class":66},[52,10307,3420],{"class":188},[52,10309,30],{"class":192},[52,10311,3420],{"class":188},[52,10313,74],{"class":66},[52,10315,10316],{"class":70}," 99",[52,10318,399],{"class":66},[52,10320,388],{"class":66},[52,10322,3420],{"class":188},[52,10324,1393],{"class":192},[52,10326,3420],{"class":188},[52,10328,74],{"class":66},[52,10330,77],{"class":70},[52,10332,9370],{"class":66},[52,10334,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10336,9288],{"class":58},[52,10338,63],{"class":62},[52,10340,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10342,122],{"class":66},[52,10344,9383],{"class":92},[52,10346,127],{"class":66},[52,10348,10349,10351,10353,10355],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10350,119],{"class":118},[52,10352,122],{"class":66},[52,10354,9327],{"class":92},[52,10356,127],{"class":66},[20,10358,10359],{},[984,10360,2193],{},[43,10362,10364],{"className":45,"code":10363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10365,10366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10367,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10369,9399],{"class":66},[52,10371,3420],{"class":188},[52,10373,30],{"class":192},[52,10375,3420],{"class":188},[52,10377,152],{"class":66},[52,10379,10316],{"class":70},[52,10381,74],{"class":66},[52,10383,3415],{"class":188},[52,10385,1393],{"class":192},[52,10387,3420],{"class":188},[52,10389,152],{"class":66},[52,10391,77],{"class":70},[52,10393,80],{"class":66},[38,10395,10397],{"id":10396},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10399,10400],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[43,10402,10403],{"className":45,"code":9672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10404,10405,10435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10406,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10408,9288],{"class":58},[52,10410,63],{"class":62},[52,10412,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10414,122],{"class":66},[52,10416,7786],{"class":9298},[52,10418,63],{"class":62},[52,10420,3420],{"class":188},[52,10422,5121],{"class":192},[52,10424,3420],{"class":188},[52,10426,74],{"class":66},[52,10428,9311],{"class":9298},[52,10430,63],{"class":62},[52,10432,9316],{"class":70},[52,10434,127],{"class":66},[52,10436,10437,10439,10441,10443],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10438,119],{"class":118},[52,10440,122],{"class":66},[52,10442,9327],{"class":92},[52,10444,127],{"class":66},[20,10446,10447],{},[984,10448,2193],{},[43,10450,10451],{"className":45,"code":9721,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10452,10453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10454,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10456,9399],{"class":66},[52,10458,3420],{"class":188},[52,10460,7786],{"class":192},[52,10462,3420],{"class":188},[52,10464,152],{"class":66},[52,10466,3415],{"class":188},[52,10468,5121],{"class":192},[52,10470,3420],{"class":188},[52,10472,74],{"class":66},[52,10474,3415],{"class":188},[52,10476,9420],{"class":192},[52,10478,3420],{"class":188},[52,10480,152],{"class":66},[52,10482,9427],{"class":70},[52,10484,80],{"class":66},[20,10486,10487],{},"In this form:",[154,10489,10490,10498],{},[157,10491,10492,10494,10495],{},[15,10493,7786],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10496,10497],{},"'name'",[157,10499,10500,10494,10502],{},[15,10501,9420],{},[15,10503,10504],{},"'age'",[20,10506,10507],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10509,10510],{},"Valid examples:",[43,10512,10514],{"className":45,"code":10513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10515,10516,10554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10517,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10529,10531,10533,10536,10538,10540,10543,10545,10547,10550,10552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10519,9288],{"class":58},[52,10521,63],{"class":62},[52,10523,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10525,122],{"class":66},[52,10527,10528],{"class":9298},"city",[52,10530,63],{"class":62},[52,10532,3420],{"class":188},[52,10534,10535],{"class":192},"Paris",[52,10537,3420],{"class":188},[52,10539,74],{"class":66},[52,10541,10542],{"class":9298}," country",[52,10544,63],{"class":62},[52,10546,3420],{"class":188},[52,10548,10549],{"class":192},"France",[52,10551,3420],{"class":188},[52,10553,127],{"class":66},[52,10555,10556,10558,10560,10562],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10557,119],{"class":118},[52,10559,122],{"class":66},[52,10561,9327],{"class":92},[52,10563,127],{"class":66},[20,10565,10566],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[154,10568,10569,10572,10575],{},[157,10570,10571],{},"spaces",[157,10573,10574],{},"hyphens",[157,10576,10577],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10579,10580,10581,10584],{},"For example, this is ",[984,10582,10583],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[43,10586,10588],{"className":45,"code":10587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10589,10590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10591,10592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10593,10587],{"class":133},[20,10595,10596],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[43,10598,10600],{"className":45,"code":10599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10601,10602,10644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10603,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10605,9288],{"class":58},[52,10607,63],{"class":62},[52,10609,67],{"class":66},[52,10611,3420],{"class":188},[52,10613,10614],{"class":192},"first-name",[52,10616,3420],{"class":188},[52,10618,152],{"class":66},[52,10620,3415],{"class":188},[52,10622,7795],{"class":192},[52,10624,3420],{"class":188},[52,10626,74],{"class":66},[52,10628,3415],{"class":188},[52,10630,10631],{"class":192},"first name",[52,10633,3420],{"class":188},[52,10635,152],{"class":66},[52,10637,3415],{"class":188},[52,10639,7795],{"class":192},[52,10641,3420],{"class":188},[52,10643,80],{"class":66},[52,10645,10646,10648,10650,10652],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10647,119],{"class":118},[52,10649,122],{"class":66},[52,10651,9327],{"class":92},[52,10653,127],{"class":66},[20,10655,10656],{},[984,10657,2193],{},[43,10659,10661],{"className":45,"code":10660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10662,10663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10664,10665,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10666,9399],{"class":66},[52,10668,3420],{"class":188},[52,10670,10614],{"class":192},[52,10672,3420],{"class":188},[52,10674,152],{"class":66},[52,10676,3415],{"class":188},[52,10678,7795],{"class":192},[52,10680,3420],{"class":188},[52,10682,74],{"class":66},[52,10684,3415],{"class":188},[52,10686,10631],{"class":192},[52,10688,3420],{"class":188},[52,10690,152],{"class":66},[52,10692,3415],{"class":188},[52,10694,7795],{"class":192},[52,10696,3420],{"class":188},[52,10698,80],{"class":66},[38,10700,10702,1083,10704],{"id":10701},"dict-vs",[15,10703,9242],{},[15,10705,3911],{},[20,10707,10708,10709,668,10711,10713],{},"Both ",[15,10710,9242],{},[15,10712,3911],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1324,10715,137,10717,10719],{"id":10716},"use-when",[15,10718,3911],{}," when:",[154,10721,10722,10725],{},[157,10723,10724],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[157,10726,10727],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[43,10729,10730],{"className":45,"code":9946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10731,10732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10733,10734,10736,10738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10735,9288],{"class":58},[52,10737,63],{"class":62},[52,10739,9957],{"class":66},[1324,10741,137,10743,10719],{"id":10742},"use-dict-when",[15,10744,9242],{},[154,10746,10747,10750,10753],{},[157,10748,10749],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[157,10751,10752],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[157,10754,10755],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[43,10757,10759],{"className":45,"code":10758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10760,10761,10798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10762,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10764,9288],{"class":58},[52,10766,63],{"class":62},[52,10768,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10770,9778],{"class":66},[52,10772,3420],{"class":188},[52,10774,30],{"class":192},[52,10776,3420],{"class":188},[52,10778,74],{"class":66},[52,10780,5616],{"class":70},[52,10782,399],{"class":66},[52,10784,388],{"class":66},[52,10786,3420],{"class":188},[52,10788,1393],{"class":192},[52,10790,3420],{"class":188},[52,10792,74],{"class":66},[52,10794,77],{"class":70},[52,10796,10797],{"class":66},")])\n",[52,10799,10800,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10801,10802],{"class":58},"info ",[52,10804,63],{"class":62},[52,10806,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10808,122],{"class":66},[52,10810,7786],{"class":9298},[52,10812,63],{"class":62},[52,10814,3420],{"class":188},[52,10816,5121],{"class":192},[52,10818,3420],{"class":188},[52,10820,74],{"class":66},[52,10822,9311],{"class":9298},[52,10824,63],{"class":62},[52,10826,9316],{"class":70},[52,10828,127],{"class":66},[20,10830,10831],{},"So:",[154,10833,10834,10839],{},[157,10835,10836,10838],{},[15,10837,3911],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[157,10840,10841,10843],{},[15,10842,9242],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10845,10846,10847,10851,10852,89],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[30,10848,10850],{"href":10849},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[30,10853,10855,10856,10859],{"href":10854},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10857,10858],{},"get()"," method",[38,10861,10863],{"id":10862},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10865,1530,10866,89],{},[15,10867,9242],{},[1324,10869,10871],{"id":10870},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10873,4643],{},[43,10875,10877],{"className":45,"code":10876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10878,10879,10903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10880,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899,10901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10882,7897],{"class":58},[52,10884,63],{"class":62},[52,10886,3743],{"class":66},[52,10888,3420],{"class":188},[52,10890,30],{"class":192},[52,10892,3420],{"class":188},[52,10894,74],{"class":66},[52,10896,3415],{"class":188},[52,10898,1393],{"class":192},[52,10900,3420],{"class":188},[52,10902,3756],{"class":66},[52,10904,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10906,9288],{"class":58},[52,10908,63],{"class":62},[52,10910,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10912,122],{"class":66},[52,10914,7928],{"class":92},[52,10916,127],{"class":66},[20,10918,10919,10920,89],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10921,10922],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10924,10925],{},"Correct version:",[43,10927,10929],{"className":45,"code":10928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10930,10931,10965,10979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10932,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10934,7897],{"class":58},[52,10936,63],{"class":62},[52,10938,9343],{"class":66},[52,10940,3420],{"class":188},[52,10942,30],{"class":192},[52,10944,3420],{"class":188},[52,10946,74],{"class":66},[52,10948,5616],{"class":70},[52,10950,399],{"class":66},[52,10952,388],{"class":66},[52,10954,3420],{"class":188},[52,10956,1393],{"class":192},[52,10958,3420],{"class":188},[52,10960,74],{"class":66},[52,10962,77],{"class":70},[52,10964,9370],{"class":66},[52,10966,10967,10969,10971,10973,10975,10977],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,10968,9288],{"class":58},[52,10970,63],{"class":62},[52,10972,9293],{"class":3020},[52,10974,122],{"class":66},[52,10976,7928],{"class":92},[52,10978,127],{"class":66},[52,10980,10981,10983,10985,10987],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10982,119],{"class":118},[52,10984,122],{"class":66},[52,10986,9327],{"class":92},[52,10988,127],{"class":66},[1324,10990,10992],{"id":10991},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10994,10995],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[43,10997,10999],{"className":45,"code":10998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11000,11001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11002,11003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11004,10998],{"class":133},[20,11006,11007,11008,152],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11009,63],{},[43,11011,11013],{"className":45,"code":11012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11014,11015,11037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11016,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11018,9288],{"class":58},[52,11020,63],{"class":62},[52,11022,9293],{"class":3020},[52,11024,122],{"class":66},[52,11026,7786],{"class":9298},[52,11028,63],{"class":62},[52,11030,3420],{"class":188},[52,11032,5121],{"class":192},[52,11034,3420],{"class":188},[52,11036,127],{"class":66},[52,11038,11039,11041,11043,11045],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11040,119],{"class":118},[52,11042,122],{"class":66},[52,11044,9327],{"class":92},[52,11046,127],{"class":66},[1324,11048,11050],{"id":11049},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11052,11053],{},"This will not work:",[43,11055,11056],{"className":45,"code":10587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,11057,11058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11059,11060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11061,10587],{"class":133},[20,11063,11064],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[43,11066,11068],{"className":45,"code":11067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11069,11070,11094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11071,11072,11074,11076,11078,11080,11082,11084,11086,11088,11090,11092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11073,9288],{"class":58},[52,11075,63],{"class":62},[52,11077,67],{"class":66},[52,11079,3420],{"class":188},[52,11081,10614],{"class":192},[52,11083,3420],{"class":188},[52,11085,152],{"class":66},[52,11087,3415],{"class":188},[52,11089,7795],{"class":192},[52,11091,3420],{"class":188},[52,11093,80],{"class":66},[52,11095,11096,11098,11100,11102],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11097,119],{"class":118},[52,11099,122],{"class":66},[52,11101,9327],{"class":92},[52,11103,127],{"class":66},[1324,11105,11107],{"id":11106},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11109,11110],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[43,11112,11114],{"className":45,"code":11113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11115,11116,11152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11117,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11119,9288],{"class":58},[52,11121,63],{"class":62},[52,11123,9293],{"class":3020},[52,11125,9778],{"class":66},[52,11127,3420],{"class":188},[52,11129,930],{"class":192},[52,11131,3420],{"class":188},[52,11133,74],{"class":66},[52,11135,5616],{"class":70},[52,11137,399],{"class":66},[52,11139,388],{"class":66},[52,11141,3420],{"class":188},[52,11143,930],{"class":192},[52,11145,3420],{"class":188},[52,11147,74],{"class":66},[52,11149,77],{"class":70},[52,11151,10797],{"class":66},[52,11153,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11155,119],{"class":118},[52,11157,122],{"class":66},[52,11159,9327],{"class":92},[52,11161,127],{"class":66},[20,11163,11164],{},[984,11165,2193],{},[43,11167,11169],{"className":45,"code":11168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11170,11171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11172,11173,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11174,9399],{"class":66},[52,11176,3420],{"class":188},[52,11178,930],{"class":192},[52,11180,3420],{"class":188},[52,11182,152],{"class":66},[52,11184,77],{"class":70},[52,11186,80],{"class":66},[20,11188,11189,11190,89],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[30,11191,11193],{"href":11192},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[38,11195,2948],{"id":2947},[20,11197,11198,11199,11201],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11200,9242],{}," include:",[154,11203,11204,11213,11219,11222],{},[157,11205,11206,11207,1990,11210],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11208,11209],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11211,11212],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[157,11214,11215,11216],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11217,11218],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[157,11220,11221],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[157,11223,11224,11225,11227],{},"confusing ",[15,11226,9242],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11229,11230],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,11232,11234],{"className":45,"code":11233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11235,11236,11250,11260,11271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11237,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11239,119],{"class":118},[52,11241,122],{"class":66},[52,11243,3340],{"class":3020},[52,11245,122],{"class":66},[52,11247,9327],{"class":92},[52,11249,2150],{"class":66},[52,11251,11252,11254,11256,11258],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11253,119],{"class":118},[52,11255,122],{"class":66},[52,11257,9327],{"class":92},[52,11259,127],{"class":66},[52,11261,11262,11264,11266,11269],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11263,119],{"class":118},[52,11265,122],{"class":66},[52,11267,11268],{"class":92},"list_of_pairs",[52,11270,127],{"class":66},[52,11272,11273,11275,11277,11280,11282,11284],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,11274,119],{"class":118},[52,11276,122],{"class":66},[52,11278,11279],{"class":118},"len",[52,11281,122],{"class":66},[52,11283,11268],{"class":92},[52,11285,2150],{"class":66},[20,11287,11288],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[154,11290,11291,11294,11297],{},[157,11292,11293],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[157,11295,11296],{},"what data is being passed in",[157,11298,11299],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[38,11301,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,11303,1959,11305,668,11307,1964],{"id":11304},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11306,9242],{},[15,11308,3911],{},[20,11310,11311,11313,11314,11316],{},[15,11312,3911],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11315,9242],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1324,11318,5288,11320,11322],{"id":11319},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11321,9242],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11324,11325,11326,89],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11327,11212],{},[1324,11329,5276,11331,11334],{"id":11330},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11332,11333],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11336,11337],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1324,11339,11341,11342,11344],{"id":11340},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11343,9242],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11346,11347,11348,11351],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11349,11350],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[38,11353,1996],{"id":1995},[154,11355,11356,11361,11365,11370,11376],{},[157,11357,11358],{},[30,11359,11360],{"href":9511},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[157,11362,11363],{},[30,11364,9278],{"href":9277},[157,11366,11367],{},[30,11368,11369],{"href":10849},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[157,11371,11372],{},[30,11373,10855,11374,10859],{"href":10854},[15,11375,10858],{},[157,11377,11378],{},[30,11379,11380],{"href":11192},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2044,11382,11383],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":11385},[11386,11388,11394,11395,11396,11397,11404,11410,11411,11421],{"id":9465,"depth":83,"text":11387},"What dict() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":11389},[11390,11391,11392,11393],{"id":9522,"depth":115,"text":9523},{"id":9564,"depth":115,"text":9565},{"id":9668,"depth":115,"text":9669},{"id":9758,"depth":115,"text":9759},{"id":9869,"depth":83,"text":9523},{"id":9973,"depth":83,"text":9974},{"id":10396,"depth":83,"text":10397},{"id":10701,"depth":83,"text":11398,"children":11399},"dict() vs {}",[11400,11402],{"id":10716,"depth":115,"text":11401},"Use {} when:",{"id":10742,"depth":115,"text":11403},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10862,"depth":83,"text":10863,"children":11405},[11406,11407,11408,11409],{"id":10870,"depth":115,"text":10871},{"id":10991,"depth":115,"text":10992},{"id":11049,"depth":115,"text":11050},{"id":11106,"depth":115,"text":11107},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":11412},[11413,11415,11417,11419],{"id":11304,"depth":115,"text":11414},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11319,"depth":115,"text":11416},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11330,"depth":115,"text":11418},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11340,"depth":115,"text":11420},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9234,"description":11422},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11429,"title":11430,"body":11431,"description":12938,"extension":2083,"meta":12939,"navigation":240,"path":12940,"seo":12941,"stem":12942,"__hash__":12943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11432,"toc":12907},[11433,11440,11446,11453,11455,11516,11521,11526,11531,11548,11551,11555,11557,11573,11576,11589,11593,11596,11730,11732,11799,11801,11817,11823,11829,11831,11913,11915,11929,11933,11939,12004,12006,12014,12017,12040,12046,12109,12115,12118,12132,12145,12149,12160,12165,12176,12183,12187,12193,12315,12317,12343,12346,12363,12366,12477,12479,12528,12530,12543,12552,12557,12562,12573,12575,12678,12701,12703,12707,12726,12729,12787,12790,12816,12818,12824,12827,12833,12837,12844,12852,12858,12861,12863,12904],[10,11434,11436,11437,18],{"id":11435},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11438,11439],{},"clear()",[20,11441,11442,11445],{},[15,11443,11444],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11447,11448,11449,11452],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[984,11450,11451],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[38,11454,2125],{"id":2124},[43,11456,11458],{"className":45,"code":11457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11459,11460,11492,11503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11461,11462,11464,11466,11468,11470,11472,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484,11486,11488,11490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11463,9288],{"class":58},[52,11465,63],{"class":62},[52,11467,67],{"class":66},[52,11469,189],{"class":188},[52,11471,30],{"class":192},[52,11473,189],{"class":188},[52,11475,152],{"class":66},[52,11477,5616],{"class":70},[52,11479,74],{"class":66},[52,11481,200],{"class":188},[52,11483,1393],{"class":192},[52,11485,189],{"class":188},[52,11487,152],{"class":66},[52,11489,77],{"class":70},[52,11491,80],{"class":66},[52,11493,11494,11496,11498,11501],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11495,9327],{"class":58},[52,11497,89],{"class":66},[52,11499,11500],{"class":92},"clear",[52,11502,8764],{"class":66},[52,11504,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11506,119],{"class":118},[52,11508,122],{"class":66},[52,11510,9327],{"class":92},[52,11512,3782],{"class":66},[52,11514,11515],{"class":133},"  # {}\n",[20,11517,11518,11520],{},[15,11519,11439],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[38,11522,144,11524,147],{"id":11523},"what-clear-does",[15,11525,11439],{},[20,11527,2100,11528,11530],{},[15,11529,11439],{}," method:",[154,11532,11533,11536,11539,11543],{},[157,11534,11535],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[157,11537,11538],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[157,11540,1335,11541],{},[15,11542,445],{},[157,11544,11545,11546],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11547,3911],{},[20,11549,11550],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11552,9274,11553,89],{},[30,11554,9278],{"href":9277},[38,11556,268],{"id":267},[43,11558,11560],{"className":45,"code":11559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11561,11562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11563,11564,11567,11569,11571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11565,11566],{"class":58},"my_dict",[52,11568,89],{"class":66},[52,11570,11500],{"class":92},[52,11572,8764],{"class":66},[20,11574,11575],{},"Important points:",[154,11577,11578,11583,11586],{},[157,11579,11580,11582],{},[15,11581,11439],{}," takes no arguments",[157,11584,11585],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[157,11587,11588],{},"It empties that dictionary",[38,11590,11592],{"id":11591},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11594,11595],{},"Here is a basic example:",[43,11597,11599],{"className":45,"code":11598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11600,11601,11611,11632,11646,11663,11667,11671,11691,11695,11706,11710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11602,11603,11606,11608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11604,11605],{"class":58},"user ",[52,11607,63],{"class":62},[52,11609,11610],{"class":66}," {\n",[52,11612,11613,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11627,11629],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11614,11615],{"class":188},"    \"",[52,11617,7786],{"class":192},[52,11619,189],{"class":188},[52,11621,152],{"class":66},[52,11623,200],{"class":188},[52,11625,11626],{"class":192},"Maya",[52,11628,189],{"class":188},[52,11630,11631],{"class":66},",\n",[52,11633,11634,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11635,11615],{"class":188},[52,11637,9420],{"class":192},[52,11639,189],{"class":188},[52,11641,152],{"class":66},[52,11643,9427],{"class":70},[52,11645,11631],{"class":66},[52,11647,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11661],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,11649,11615],{"class":188},[52,11651,10528],{"class":192},[52,11653,189],{"class":188},[52,11655,152],{"class":66},[52,11657,200],{"class":188},[52,11659,11660],{"class":192},"Berlin",[52,11662,3479],{"class":188},[52,11664,11665],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,11666,80],{"class":66},[52,11668,11669],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,11670,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,11672,11673,11675,11677,11679,11682,11684,11686,11689],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,11674,119],{"class":118},[52,11676,122],{"class":66},[52,11678,189],{"class":188},[52,11680,11681],{"class":192},"Before:",[52,11683,189],{"class":188},[52,11685,74],{"class":66},[52,11687,11688],{"class":92}," user",[52,11690,127],{"class":66},[52,11692,11693],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,11694,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,11696,11697,11700,11702,11704],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,11698,11699],{"class":58},"user",[52,11701,89],{"class":66},[52,11703,11500],{"class":92},[52,11705,8764],{"class":66},[52,11707,11708],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,11709,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11722,11724,11726,11728],{"class":54,"line":11712},11,[52,11714,119],{"class":118},[52,11716,122],{"class":66},[52,11718,189],{"class":188},[52,11720,11721],{"class":192},"After:",[52,11723,189],{"class":188},[52,11725,74],{"class":66},[52,11727,11688],{"class":92},[52,11729,127],{"class":66},[20,11731,5678],{},[43,11733,11735],{"className":45,"code":11734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11736,11737,11790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11738,11739,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11740,11741],{"class":58},"Before",[52,11743,152],{"class":66},[52,11745,67],{"class":66},[52,11747,3420],{"class":188},[52,11749,7786],{"class":192},[52,11751,3420],{"class":188},[52,11753,152],{"class":66},[52,11755,3415],{"class":188},[52,11757,11626],{"class":192},[52,11759,3420],{"class":188},[52,11761,74],{"class":66},[52,11763,3415],{"class":188},[52,11765,9420],{"class":192},[52,11767,3420],{"class":188},[52,11769,152],{"class":66},[52,11771,9427],{"class":70},[52,11773,74],{"class":66},[52,11775,3415],{"class":188},[52,11777,10528],{"class":192},[52,11779,3420],{"class":188},[52,11781,152],{"class":66},[52,11783,3415],{"class":188},[52,11785,11660],{"class":192},[52,11787,3420],{"class":188},[52,11789,80],{"class":66},[52,11791,11792,11795,11797],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11793,11794],{"class":58},"After",[52,11796,152],{"class":66},[52,11798,9957],{"class":66},[20,11800,656],{},[154,11802,11803,11808,11814],{},[157,11804,11805,11807],{},[15,11806,11699],{}," starts with three items",[157,11809,11810,11813],{},[15,11811,11812],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[157,11815,11816],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[38,11818,144,11820,11822],{"id":11819},"what-clear-returns",[15,11821,11439],{}," returns",[20,11824,11825,442,11827,89],{},[15,11826,11439],{},[15,11828,445],{},[20,11830,448],{},[43,11832,11834],{"className":45,"code":11833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11835,11836,11870,11874,11889,11893,11903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11837,11838,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859,11862,11864,11866,11868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11839,11840],{"class":58},"my_dict ",[52,11842,63],{"class":62},[52,11844,67],{"class":66},[52,11846,189],{"class":188},[52,11848,930],{"class":192},[52,11850,189],{"class":188},[52,11852,152],{"class":66},[52,11854,5616],{"class":70},[52,11856,74],{"class":66},[52,11858,200],{"class":188},[52,11860,11861],{"class":192},"y",[52,11863,189],{"class":188},[52,11865,152],{"class":66},[52,11867,77],{"class":70},[52,11869,80],{"class":66},[52,11871,11872],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11873,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,11875,11876,11878,11880,11883,11885,11887],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11877,474],{"class":58},[52,11879,63],{"class":62},[52,11881,11882],{"class":58}," my_dict",[52,11884,89],{"class":66},[52,11886,11500],{"class":92},[52,11888,8764],{"class":66},[52,11890,11891],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,11892,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,11894,11895,11897,11899,11901],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,11896,119],{"class":118},[52,11898,122],{"class":66},[52,11900,507],{"class":92},[52,11902,127],{"class":66},[52,11904,11905,11907,11909,11911],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,11906,119],{"class":118},[52,11908,122],{"class":66},[52,11910,11566],{"class":92},[52,11912,127],{"class":66},[20,11914,2193],{},[43,11916,11918],{"className":45,"code":11917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{}\n",[15,11919,11920,11925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11921,11922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11923,11924],{"class":3971},"None\n",[52,11926,11927],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11928,9555],{"class":66},[1324,11930,11932],{"id":11931},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11934,11935,11936,11938],{},"Do ",[984,11937,986],{}," do this:",[43,11940,11942],{"className":45,"code":11941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11943,11944,11976,11990,11994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11945,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11947,11840],{"class":58},[52,11949,63],{"class":62},[52,11951,67],{"class":66},[52,11953,189],{"class":188},[52,11955,930],{"class":192},[52,11957,189],{"class":188},[52,11959,152],{"class":66},[52,11961,5616],{"class":70},[52,11963,74],{"class":66},[52,11965,200],{"class":188},[52,11967,11861],{"class":192},[52,11969,189],{"class":188},[52,11971,152],{"class":66},[52,11973,77],{"class":70},[52,11975,80],{"class":66},[52,11977,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,11979,11840],{"class":58},[52,11981,63],{"class":62},[52,11983,11882],{"class":58},[52,11985,89],{"class":66},[52,11987,11500],{"class":92},[52,11989,8764],{"class":66},[52,11991,11992],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11993,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,11995,11996,11998,12000,12002],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,11997,119],{"class":118},[52,11999,122],{"class":66},[52,12001,11566],{"class":92},[52,12003,127],{"class":66},[20,12005,2193],{},[43,12007,12008],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,12009,12010],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12011,12012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12013,11924],{"class":3971},[20,12015,12016],{},"Why this happens:",[154,12018,12019,12025,12030],{},[157,12020,12021,12024],{},[15,12022,12023],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[157,12026,12027,12028],{},"The method returns ",[15,12029,445],{},[157,12031,12032,12033,12036,12037,12039],{},"Then ",[15,12034,12035],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12038,445],{}," in the variable",[20,12041,12042,12043,12045],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12044,11439],{}," by itself:",[43,12047,12049],{"className":45,"code":12048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12050,12051,12083,12093,12097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12052,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075,12077,12079,12081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12054,11840],{"class":58},[52,12056,63],{"class":62},[52,12058,67],{"class":66},[52,12060,189],{"class":188},[52,12062,930],{"class":192},[52,12064,189],{"class":188},[52,12066,152],{"class":66},[52,12068,5616],{"class":70},[52,12070,74],{"class":66},[52,12072,200],{"class":188},[52,12074,11861],{"class":192},[52,12076,189],{"class":188},[52,12078,152],{"class":66},[52,12080,77],{"class":70},[52,12082,80],{"class":66},[52,12084,12085,12087,12089,12091],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,12086,11566],{"class":58},[52,12088,89],{"class":66},[52,12090,11500],{"class":92},[52,12092,8764],{"class":66},[52,12094,12095],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12096,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,12098,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,12100,119],{"class":118},[52,12102,122],{"class":66},[52,12104,11566],{"class":92},[52,12106,3782],{"class":66},[52,12108,11515],{"class":133},[38,12110,12112,12114],{"id":12111},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12113,11439],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12116,12117],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[43,12119,12120],{"className":45,"code":11559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,12121,12122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12123,12124,12126,12128,12130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12125,11566],{"class":58},[52,12127,89],{"class":66},[52,12129,11500],{"class":92},[52,12131,8764],{"class":66},[43,12133,12135],{"className":45,"code":12134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12136,12137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12138,12139,12141,12143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12140,11840],{"class":58},[52,12142,63],{"class":62},[52,12144,9957],{"class":66},[1324,12146,12147],{"id":11500},[15,12148,11439],{},[154,12150,12151,12154,12157],{},[157,12152,12153],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[157,12155,12156],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[157,12158,12159],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1324,12161,12162],{"id":11566},[15,12163,12164],{},"my_dict = {}",[154,12166,12167,12170,12173],{},[157,12168,12169],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[157,12171,12172],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[157,12174,12175],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12177,12178,12179,89],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[30,12180,12182],{"href":12181},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[38,12184,12186],{"id":12185},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12188,12189,12190,12192],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12191,11439],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[43,12194,12196],{"className":45,"code":12195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12197,12198,12231,12241,12245,12256,12260,12280,12300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12199,12200,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221,12223,12225,12227,12229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12201,12202],{"class":58},"original ",[52,12204,63],{"class":62},[52,12206,67],{"class":66},[52,12208,189],{"class":188},[52,12210,30],{"class":192},[52,12212,189],{"class":188},[52,12214,152],{"class":66},[52,12216,5616],{"class":70},[52,12218,74],{"class":66},[52,12220,200],{"class":188},[52,12222,1393],{"class":192},[52,12224,189],{"class":188},[52,12226,152],{"class":66},[52,12228,77],{"class":70},[52,12230,80],{"class":66},[52,12232,12233,12236,12238],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,12234,12235],{"class":58},"other_ref ",[52,12237,63],{"class":62},[52,12239,12240],{"class":58}," original\n",[52,12242,12243],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12244,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,12246,12247,12250,12252,12254],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,12248,12249],{"class":58},"original",[52,12251,89],{"class":66},[52,12253,11500],{"class":92},[52,12255,8764],{"class":66},[52,12257,12258],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,12259,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,12261,12262,12264,12266,12268,12271,12273,12275,12278],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,12263,119],{"class":118},[52,12265,122],{"class":66},[52,12267,189],{"class":188},[52,12269,12270],{"class":192},"original:",[52,12272,189],{"class":188},[52,12274,74],{"class":66},[52,12276,12277],{"class":92}," original",[52,12279,127],{"class":66},[52,12281,12282,12284,12286,12288,12291,12293,12295,12298],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,12283,119],{"class":118},[52,12285,122],{"class":66},[52,12287,189],{"class":188},[52,12289,12290],{"class":192},"other_ref:",[52,12292,189],{"class":188},[52,12294,74],{"class":66},[52,12296,12297],{"class":92}," other_ref",[52,12299,127],{"class":66},[52,12301,12302,12304,12306,12308,12311,12313],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,12303,119],{"class":118},[52,12305,122],{"class":66},[52,12307,12202],{"class":92},[52,12309,12310],{"class":3996},"is",[52,12312,12297],{"class":92},[52,12314,127],{"class":66},[20,12316,2193],{},[43,12318,12320],{"className":45,"code":12319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12321,12322,12330,12339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12323,12324,12326,12328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12325,12249],{"class":58},[52,12327,152],{"class":66},[52,12329,9957],{"class":66},[52,12331,12332,12335,12337],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,12333,12334],{"class":58},"other_ref",[52,12336,152],{"class":66},[52,12338,9957],{"class":66},[52,12340,12341],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12342,4100],{"class":3971},[20,12344,12345],{},"This shows:",[154,12347,12348,12355,12360],{},[157,12349,12350,668,12352,12354],{},[15,12351,12249],{},[15,12353,12334],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[157,12356,12357,12359],{},[15,12358,11439],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[157,12361,12362],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12364,12365],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[43,12367,12369],{"className":45,"code":12368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12370,12371,12403,12411,12415,12423,12427,12445,12463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12372,12373,12375,12377,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391,12393,12395,12397,12399,12401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12374,12202],{"class":58},[52,12376,63],{"class":62},[52,12378,67],{"class":66},[52,12380,189],{"class":188},[52,12382,30],{"class":192},[52,12384,189],{"class":188},[52,12386,152],{"class":66},[52,12388,5616],{"class":70},[52,12390,74],{"class":66},[52,12392,200],{"class":188},[52,12394,1393],{"class":192},[52,12396,189],{"class":188},[52,12398,152],{"class":66},[52,12400,77],{"class":70},[52,12402,80],{"class":66},[52,12404,12405,12407,12409],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,12406,12235],{"class":58},[52,12408,63],{"class":62},[52,12410,12240],{"class":58},[52,12412,12413],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12414,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,12416,12417,12419,12421],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,12418,12202],{"class":58},[52,12420,63],{"class":62},[52,12422,9957],{"class":66},[52,12424,12425],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,12426,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,12428,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437,12439,12441,12443],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,12430,119],{"class":118},[52,12432,122],{"class":66},[52,12434,189],{"class":188},[52,12436,12270],{"class":192},[52,12438,189],{"class":188},[52,12440,74],{"class":66},[52,12442,12277],{"class":92},[52,12444,127],{"class":66},[52,12446,12447,12449,12451,12453,12455,12457,12459,12461],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,12448,119],{"class":118},[52,12450,122],{"class":66},[52,12452,189],{"class":188},[52,12454,12290],{"class":192},[52,12456,189],{"class":188},[52,12458,74],{"class":66},[52,12460,12297],{"class":92},[52,12462,127],{"class":66},[52,12464,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,12466,119],{"class":118},[52,12468,122],{"class":66},[52,12470,12202],{"class":92},[52,12472,12310],{"class":3996},[52,12474,12297],{"class":92},[52,12476,127],{"class":66},[20,12478,2193],{},[43,12480,12482],{"className":45,"code":12481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12483,12484,12492,12524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12485,12486,12488,12490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12487,12249],{"class":58},[52,12489,152],{"class":66},[52,12491,9957],{"class":66},[52,12493,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,12495,12334],{"class":58},[52,12497,152],{"class":66},[52,12499,67],{"class":66},[52,12501,3420],{"class":188},[52,12503,30],{"class":192},[52,12505,3420],{"class":188},[52,12507,152],{"class":66},[52,12509,5616],{"class":70},[52,12511,74],{"class":66},[52,12513,3415],{"class":188},[52,12515,1393],{"class":192},[52,12517,3420],{"class":188},[52,12519,152],{"class":66},[52,12521,77],{"class":70},[52,12523,80],{"class":66},[52,12525,12526],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12527,4161],{"class":3971},[20,12529,2300],{},[154,12531,12532,12538],{},[157,12533,12534,12537],{},[15,12535,12536],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[157,12539,12540,12542],{},[15,12541,12334],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12544,12545,12546,89],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[30,12547,12549],{"href":12548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12550,12551],{},"dict.copy()",[38,12553,5078,12555],{"id":12554},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12556,11439],{},[20,12558,12559,12561],{},[15,12560,11439],{}," is useful when you want to:",[154,12563,12564,12567,12570],{},[157,12565,12566],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[157,12568,12569],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[157,12571,12572],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12574,347],{},[43,12576,12578],{"className":45,"code":12577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12579,12580,12589,12605,12625,12638,12642,12646,12651,12662,12666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12581,12582,12585,12587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12583,12584],{"class":58},"session_data ",[52,12586,63],{"class":62},[52,12588,11610],{"class":66},[52,12590,12591,12593,12596,12598,12600,12603],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,12592,11615],{"class":188},[52,12594,12595],{"class":192},"user_id",[52,12597,189],{"class":188},[52,12599,152],{"class":66},[52,12601,12602],{"class":70}," 101",[52,12604,11631],{"class":66},[52,12606,12607,12609,12612,12614,12616,12618,12621,12623],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12608,11615],{"class":188},[52,12610,12611],{"class":192},"theme",[52,12613,189],{"class":188},[52,12615,152],{"class":66},[52,12617,200],{"class":188},[52,12619,12620],{"class":192},"dark",[52,12622,189],{"class":188},[52,12624,11631],{"class":66},[52,12626,12627,12629,12632,12634,12636],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,12628,11615],{"class":188},[52,12630,12631],{"class":192},"logged_in",[52,12633,189],{"class":188},[52,12635,152],{"class":66},[52,12637,6543],{"class":3971},[52,12639,12640],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,12641,80],{"class":66},[52,12643,12644],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,12645,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,12647,12648],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,12649,12650],{"class":133},"# Reset for a new session\n",[52,12652,12653,12656,12658,12660],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,12654,12655],{"class":58},"session_data",[52,12657,89],{"class":66},[52,12659,11500],{"class":92},[52,12661,8764],{"class":66},[52,12663,12664],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,12665,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,12667,12668,12670,12672,12674,12676],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,12669,119],{"class":118},[52,12671,122],{"class":66},[52,12673,12655],{"class":92},[52,12675,3782],{"class":66},[52,12677,11515],{"class":133},[20,12679,12680,12681,12687,12688,89,12692,12694,12695,89],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[30,12682,12684],{"href":12683},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12685,12686],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[30,12689,12691],{"href":12690},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9965,12693],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[30,12696,12698],{"href":12697},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12699,12700],{},"dict.popitem()",[38,12702,2948],{"id":2947},[20,12704,1530,12705,152],{},[15,12706,11439],{},[154,12708,12709,12715,12720,12723],{},[157,12710,12711,12712,12714],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12713,11439],{}," to a variable",[157,12716,8574,12717,12719],{},[15,12718,11439],{}," to return a new dictionary",[157,12721,12722],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[157,12724,12725],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12727,12728],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[43,12730,12732],{"className":45,"code":12731,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12733,12734,12744,12758,12773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12735,12736,12738,12740,12742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12737,119],{"class":118},[52,12739,122],{"class":66},[52,12741,11566],{"class":92},[52,12743,127],{"class":66},[52,12745,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,12747,119],{"class":118},[52,12749,122],{"class":66},[52,12751,3340],{"class":3020},[52,12753,122],{"class":66},[52,12755,11566],{"class":92},[52,12757,2150],{"class":66},[52,12759,12760,12762,12764,12767,12769,12771],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12761,119],{"class":118},[52,12763,122],{"class":66},[52,12765,12766],{"class":118},"id",[52,12768,122],{"class":66},[52,12770,11566],{"class":92},[52,12772,2150],{"class":66},[52,12774,12775,12777,12779,12781,12783,12785],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,12776,119],{"class":118},[52,12778,122],{"class":66},[52,12780,12235],{"class":92},[52,12782,12310],{"class":3996},[52,12784,11882],{"class":92},[52,12786,127],{"class":66},[20,12788,12789],{},"What these show:",[154,12791,12792,12798,12804,12810],{},[157,12793,12794,12797],{},[15,12795,12796],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[157,12799,12800,12803],{},[15,12801,12802],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[157,12805,12806,12809],{},[15,12807,12808],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[157,12811,12812,12815],{},[15,12813,12814],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[38,12817,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,12819,1937,12821,12823],{"id":12820},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12822,11439],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12825,12826],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1324,12828,5260,12830,12832],{"id":12829},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12831,11444],{}," return?",[20,12834,5266,12835,89],{},[15,12836,445],{},[1324,12838,1959,12840,668,12842,1964],{"id":12839},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12841,11439],{},[15,12843,3911],{},[20,12845,12846,12848,12849,12851],{},[15,12847,11439],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12850,3911],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1324,12853,1937,12855,12857],{"id":12854},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12856,11439],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12859,12860],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[38,12862,1996],{"id":1995},[154,12864,12865,12869,12873,12880,12887,12894,12899],{},[157,12866,12867],{},[30,12868,9278],{"href":9277},[157,12870,12871],{},[30,12872,11360],{"href":9511},[157,12874,12875],{},[30,12876,10855,12877,10859],{"href":12683},[15,12878,12879],{},"pop()",[157,12881,12882],{},[30,12883,10855,12884,10859],{"href":12697},[15,12885,12886],{},"popitem()",[157,12888,12889],{},[30,12890,10855,12891,10859],{"href":12548},[15,12892,12893],{},"copy()",[157,12895,12896],{},[30,12897,12898],{"href":12181},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[157,12900,12901],{},[30,12902,12903],{"href":12690},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2044,12905,12906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":12908},[12909,12910,12912,12913,12914,12918,12923,12924,12926,12927,12937],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":11523,"depth":83,"text":12911},"What clear() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":11819,"depth":83,"text":12915,"children":12916},"What clear() returns",[12917],{"id":11931,"depth":115,"text":11932},{"id":12111,"depth":83,"text":12919,"children":12920},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12921,12922],{"id":11500,"depth":115,"text":11439},{"id":11566,"depth":115,"text":12164},{"id":12185,"depth":83,"text":12186},{"id":12554,"depth":83,"text":12925},"When to use clear()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":12928},[12929,12931,12933,12935],{"id":12820,"depth":115,"text":12930},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12829,"depth":115,"text":12932},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12839,"depth":115,"text":12934},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12854,"depth":115,"text":12936},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11430,"description":12938},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12945,"title":12946,"body":12947,"description":15111,"extension":2083,"meta":15112,"navigation":240,"path":15113,"seo":15114,"stem":15115,"__hash__":15116},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12948,"toc":15083},[12949,12954,12959,12969,12971,13060,13064,13105,13110,13117,13135,13144,13146,13167,13170,13182,13184,13260,13264,13305,13307,13310,13438,13442,13522,13525,13543,13546,13550,13556,13558,13569,13571,13766,13770,13876,13879,13897,13900,13907,13912,13916,13930,13932,14059,14063,14143,14156,14162,14165,14172,14176,14302,14306,14380,14385,14516,14520,14594,14597,14611,14615,14619,14633,14635,14771,14775,14844,14846,14851,14873,14876,14983,14986,14997,15004,15006,15012,15015,15022,15025,15032,15040,15044,15047,15049,15080],[10,12950,11436,12952,18],{"id":12951},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12953,12893],{},[20,12955,12956,12958],{},[15,12957,12551],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12960,12961,12962,12964,12965,12968],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12963,12893],{}," makes a ",[984,12966,12967],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[38,12970,2125],{"id":2124},[43,12972,12974],{"className":45,"code":12973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12975,12976,13014,13031,13035,13046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12977,12978,12981,12983,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12979,12980],{"class":58},"student ",[52,12982,63],{"class":62},[52,12984,67],{"class":66},[52,12986,189],{"class":188},[52,12988,7786],{"class":192},[52,12990,189],{"class":188},[52,12992,152],{"class":66},[52,12994,200],{"class":188},[52,12996,12997],{"class":192},"Ana",[52,12999,189],{"class":188},[52,13001,74],{"class":66},[52,13003,200],{"class":188},[52,13005,9420],{"class":192},[52,13007,189],{"class":188},[52,13009,152],{"class":66},[52,13011,7908],{"class":70},[52,13013,80],{"class":66},[52,13015,13016,13019,13021,13024,13026,13029],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13017,13018],{"class":58},"student_copy ",[52,13020,63],{"class":62},[52,13022,13023],{"class":58}," student",[52,13025,89],{"class":66},[52,13027,13028],{"class":92},"copy",[52,13030,8764],{"class":66},[52,13032,13033],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13034,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13036,13037,13039,13041,13044],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,13038,119],{"class":118},[52,13040,122],{"class":66},[52,13042,13043],{"class":92},"student_copy",[52,13045,127],{"class":66},[52,13047,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,13049,119],{"class":118},[52,13051,122],{"class":66},[52,13053,13018],{"class":92},[52,13055,12310],{"class":3996},[52,13057,13023],{"class":92},[52,13059,127],{"class":66},[20,13061,13062],{},[984,13063,2193],{},[43,13065,13067],{"className":45,"code":13066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13068,13069,13101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13070,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097,13099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13072,9399],{"class":66},[52,13074,3420],{"class":188},[52,13076,7786],{"class":192},[52,13078,3420],{"class":188},[52,13080,152],{"class":66},[52,13082,3415],{"class":188},[52,13084,12997],{"class":192},[52,13086,3420],{"class":188},[52,13088,74],{"class":66},[52,13090,3415],{"class":188},[52,13092,9420],{"class":192},[52,13094,3420],{"class":188},[52,13096,152],{"class":66},[52,13098,7908],{"class":70},[52,13100,80],{"class":66},[52,13102,13103],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13104,4161],{"class":3971},[20,13106,137,13107,13109],{},[15,13108,12893],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[38,13111,13113,13114,13116],{"id":13112},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13115,12893],{}," method does",[154,13118,13119,13124,13127,13132],{},[157,13120,13121,13123],{},[15,13122,12551],{}," returns a new dictionary",[157,13125,13126],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[157,13128,13129,13130],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13131,12893],{},[157,13133,13134],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13136,13137,13138,2996,13141,89],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[30,13139,9278],{"href":13140},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[30,13142,9512],{"href":13143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[38,13145,268],{"id":267},[43,13147,13149],{"className":45,"code":13148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13150,13151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13152,13153,13156,13158,13161,13163,13165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13154,13155],{"class":58},"new_dict ",[52,13157,63],{"class":62},[52,13159,13160],{"class":58}," old_dict",[52,13162,89],{"class":66},[52,13164,13028],{"class":92},[52,13166,8764],{"class":66},[20,13168,13169],{},"Key points:",[154,13171,13172,13176,13179],{},[157,13173,13174,11582],{},[15,13175,12893],{},[157,13177,13178],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[157,13180,13181],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13183,347],{},[43,13185,13187],{"className":45,"code":13186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13188,13189,13229,13245,13249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13190,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13192,181],{"class":58},[52,13194,63],{"class":62},[52,13196,67],{"class":66},[52,13198,189],{"class":188},[52,13200,30],{"class":192},[52,13202,189],{"class":188},[52,13204,152],{"class":66},[52,13206,200],{"class":188},[52,13208,193],{"class":192},[52,13210,189],{"class":188},[52,13212,74],{"class":66},[52,13214,200],{"class":188},[52,13216,1393],{"class":192},[52,13218,189],{"class":188},[52,13220,152],{"class":66},[52,13222,200],{"class":188},[52,13224,203],{"class":192},[52,13226,189],{"class":188},[52,13228,80],{"class":66},[52,13230,13231,13234,13236,13239,13241,13243],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13232,13233],{"class":58},"new_colors ",[52,13235,63],{"class":62},[52,13237,13238],{"class":58}," colors",[52,13240,89],{"class":66},[52,13242,13028],{"class":92},[52,13244,8764],{"class":66},[52,13246,13247],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13248,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13250,13251,13253,13255,13258],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,13252,119],{"class":118},[52,13254,122],{"class":66},[52,13256,13257],{"class":92},"new_colors",[52,13259,127],{"class":66},[20,13261,13262],{},[984,13263,2193],{},[43,13265,13267],{"className":45,"code":13266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13268,13269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13270,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13272,9399],{"class":66},[52,13274,3420],{"class":188},[52,13276,30],{"class":192},[52,13278,3420],{"class":188},[52,13280,152],{"class":66},[52,13282,3415],{"class":188},[52,13284,193],{"class":192},[52,13286,3420],{"class":188},[52,13288,74],{"class":66},[52,13290,3415],{"class":188},[52,13292,1393],{"class":192},[52,13294,3420],{"class":188},[52,13296,152],{"class":66},[52,13298,3415],{"class":188},[52,13300,203],{"class":192},[52,13302,3420],{"class":188},[52,13304,80],{"class":66},[38,13306,11592],{"id":11591},[20,13308,13309],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[43,13311,13313],{"className":45,"code":13312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13314,13315,13353,13369,13373,13395,13399,13418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13316,13317,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13318,13319],{"class":58},"person ",[52,13321,63],{"class":62},[52,13323,67],{"class":66},[52,13325,189],{"class":188},[52,13327,7786],{"class":192},[52,13329,189],{"class":188},[52,13331,152],{"class":66},[52,13333,200],{"class":188},[52,13335,13336],{"class":192},"Liam",[52,13338,189],{"class":188},[52,13340,74],{"class":66},[52,13342,200],{"class":188},[52,13344,9420],{"class":192},[52,13346,189],{"class":188},[52,13348,152],{"class":66},[52,13350,9427],{"class":70},[52,13352,80],{"class":66},[52,13354,13355,13358,13360,13363,13365,13367],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13356,13357],{"class":58},"person_copy ",[52,13359,63],{"class":62},[52,13361,13362],{"class":58}," person",[52,13364,89],{"class":66},[52,13366,13028],{"class":92},[52,13368,8764],{"class":66},[52,13370,13371],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13372,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13374,13375,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13389,13392],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,13376,13377],{"class":58},"person_copy",[52,13379,4020],{"class":66},[52,13381,189],{"class":188},[52,13383,9420],{"class":192},[52,13385,189],{"class":188},[52,13387,13388],{"class":66},"]",[52,13390,13391],{"class":62}," =",[52,13393,13394],{"class":70}," 26\n",[52,13396,13397],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,13398,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13400,13401,13403,13405,13407,13410,13412,13414,13416],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,13402,119],{"class":118},[52,13404,122],{"class":66},[52,13406,189],{"class":188},[52,13408,13409],{"class":192},"Original:",[52,13411,189],{"class":188},[52,13413,74],{"class":66},[52,13415,13362],{"class":92},[52,13417,127],{"class":66},[52,13419,13420,13422,13424,13426,13429,13431,13433,13436],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,13421,119],{"class":118},[52,13423,122],{"class":66},[52,13425,189],{"class":188},[52,13427,13428],{"class":192},"Copy:",[52,13430,189],{"class":188},[52,13432,74],{"class":66},[52,13434,13435],{"class":92}," person_copy",[52,13437,127],{"class":66},[20,13439,13440],{},[984,13441,2193],{},[43,13443,13445],{"className":45,"code":13444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13446,13447,13484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13448,13449,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13450,13451],{"class":58},"Original",[52,13453,152],{"class":66},[52,13455,67],{"class":66},[52,13457,3420],{"class":188},[52,13459,7786],{"class":192},[52,13461,3420],{"class":188},[52,13463,152],{"class":66},[52,13465,3415],{"class":188},[52,13467,13336],{"class":192},[52,13469,3420],{"class":188},[52,13471,74],{"class":66},[52,13473,3415],{"class":188},[52,13475,9420],{"class":192},[52,13477,3420],{"class":188},[52,13479,152],{"class":66},[52,13481,9427],{"class":70},[52,13483,80],{"class":66},[52,13485,13486,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13520],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13487,13488],{"class":58},"Copy",[52,13490,152],{"class":66},[52,13492,67],{"class":66},[52,13494,3420],{"class":188},[52,13496,7786],{"class":192},[52,13498,3420],{"class":188},[52,13500,152],{"class":66},[52,13502,3415],{"class":188},[52,13504,13336],{"class":192},[52,13506,3420],{"class":188},[52,13508,74],{"class":66},[52,13510,3415],{"class":188},[52,13512,9420],{"class":192},[52,13514,3420],{"class":188},[52,13516,152],{"class":66},[52,13518,13519],{"class":70}," 26",[52,13521,80],{"class":66},[20,13523,13524],{},"What happened here:",[154,13526,13527,13533,13540],{},[157,13528,13529,13532],{},[15,13530,13531],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[157,13534,13535,13536,13539],{},"Changing ",[15,13537,13538],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[157,13541,13542],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13544,13545],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[38,13547,13549],{"id":13548},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13551,13552,12964,13554,89],{},[15,13553,12893],{},[984,13555,12967],{},[20,13557,2230],{},[154,13559,13560,13563,13566],{},[157,13561,13562],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[157,13564,13565],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[157,13567,13568],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13570,347],{},[43,13572,13574],{"className":45,"code":13573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13575,13576,13584,13602,13625,13629,13633,13647,13651,13676,13680,13698,13717,13732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13577,13578,13580,13582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13579,12980],{"class":58},[52,13581,63],{"class":62},[52,13583,11610],{"class":66},[52,13585,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13587,11615],{"class":188},[52,13589,7786],{"class":192},[52,13591,189],{"class":188},[52,13593,152],{"class":66},[52,13595,200],{"class":188},[52,13597,12997],{"class":192},[52,13599,189],{"class":188},[52,13601,11631],{"class":66},[52,13603,13604,13606,13609,13611,13613,13615,13618,13620,13623],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13605,11615],{"class":188},[52,13607,13608],{"class":192},"grades",[52,13610,189],{"class":188},[52,13612,152],{"class":66},[52,13614,3743],{"class":66},[52,13616,13617],{"class":70},"90",[52,13619,74],{"class":66},[52,13621,13622],{"class":70}," 85",[52,13624,3756],{"class":66},[52,13626,13627],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,13628,80],{"class":66},[52,13630,13631],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,13632,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13634,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,13636,13018],{"class":58},[52,13638,63],{"class":62},[52,13640,13023],{"class":58},[52,13642,89],{"class":66},[52,13644,13028],{"class":92},[52,13646,8764],{"class":66},[52,13648,13649],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,13650,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13652,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13666,13669,13671,13674],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,13654,13043],{"class":58},[52,13656,4020],{"class":66},[52,13658,189],{"class":188},[52,13660,13608],{"class":192},[52,13662,189],{"class":188},[52,13664,13665],{"class":66},"].",[52,13667,13668],{"class":92},"append",[52,13670,122],{"class":66},[52,13672,13673],{"class":70},"100",[52,13675,127],{"class":66},[52,13677,13678],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,13679,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13681,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,13683,119],{"class":118},[52,13685,122],{"class":66},[52,13687,189],{"class":188},[52,13689,13409],{"class":192},[52,13691,189],{"class":188},[52,13693,74],{"class":66},[52,13695,13023],{"class":92},[52,13697,127],{"class":66},[52,13699,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13715],{"class":54,"line":11712},[52,13701,119],{"class":118},[52,13703,122],{"class":66},[52,13705,189],{"class":188},[52,13707,13428],{"class":192},[52,13709,189],{"class":188},[52,13711,74],{"class":66},[52,13713,13714],{"class":92}," student_copy",[52,13716,127],{"class":66},[52,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730],{"class":54,"line":13719},12,[52,13721,119],{"class":118},[52,13723,122],{"class":66},[52,13725,12980],{"class":92},[52,13727,12310],{"class":3996},[52,13729,13714],{"class":92},[52,13731,127],{"class":66},[52,13733,13735,13737,13739,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764],{"class":54,"line":13734},13,[52,13736,119],{"class":118},[52,13738,122],{"class":66},[52,13740,13741],{"class":92},"student",[52,13743,4020],{"class":66},[52,13745,189],{"class":188},[52,13747,13608],{"class":192},[52,13749,189],{"class":188},[52,13751,13388],{"class":66},[52,13753,8216],{"class":3996},[52,13755,13714],{"class":92},[52,13757,4020],{"class":66},[52,13759,189],{"class":188},[52,13761,13608],{"class":192},[52,13763,189],{"class":188},[52,13765,112],{"class":66},[20,13767,13768],{},[984,13769,2193],{},[43,13771,13773],{"className":45,"code":13772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13774,13775,13822,13868,13872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13776,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13778,13451],{"class":58},[52,13780,152],{"class":66},[52,13782,67],{"class":66},[52,13784,3420],{"class":188},[52,13786,7786],{"class":192},[52,13788,3420],{"class":188},[52,13790,152],{"class":66},[52,13792,3415],{"class":188},[52,13794,12997],{"class":192},[52,13796,3420],{"class":188},[52,13798,74],{"class":66},[52,13800,3415],{"class":188},[52,13802,13608],{"class":192},[52,13804,3420],{"class":188},[52,13806,152],{"class":66},[52,13808,3743],{"class":66},[52,13810,13617],{"class":70},[52,13812,74],{"class":66},[52,13814,13622],{"class":70},[52,13816,74],{"class":66},[52,13818,10237],{"class":70},[52,13820,13821],{"class":66},"]}\n",[52,13823,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13825,13488],{"class":58},[52,13827,152],{"class":66},[52,13829,67],{"class":66},[52,13831,3420],{"class":188},[52,13833,7786],{"class":192},[52,13835,3420],{"class":188},[52,13837,152],{"class":66},[52,13839,3415],{"class":188},[52,13841,12997],{"class":192},[52,13843,3420],{"class":188},[52,13845,74],{"class":66},[52,13847,3415],{"class":188},[52,13849,13608],{"class":192},[52,13851,3420],{"class":188},[52,13853,152],{"class":66},[52,13855,3743],{"class":66},[52,13857,13617],{"class":70},[52,13859,74],{"class":66},[52,13861,13622],{"class":70},[52,13863,74],{"class":66},[52,13865,10237],{"class":70},[52,13867,13821],{"class":66},[52,13869,13870],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13871,4161],{"class":3971},[52,13873,13874],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,13875,4100],{"class":3971},[20,13877,13878],{},"Notice the difference:",[154,13880,13881,13889],{},[157,13882,13883,4900,13886,13888],{},[15,13884,13885],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13887,3795],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[157,13890,13891,4900,13894,13896],{},[15,13892,13893],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13895,3726],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13898,13899],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13901,13902,13903,89],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[30,13904,13906],{"href":13905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[38,13908,5078,13910],{"id":13909},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13911,12893],{},[20,13913,137,13914,10719],{},[15,13915,12893],{},[154,13917,13918,13921,13924,13927],{},[157,13919,13920],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[157,13922,13923],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[157,13925,13926],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[157,13928,13929],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13931,347],{},[43,13933,13935],{"className":45,"code":13934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13936,13937,13976,13992,13996,14016,14020,14039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13938,13939,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13967,13969,13971,13974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13940,13941],{"class":58},"settings ",[52,13943,63],{"class":62},[52,13945,67],{"class":66},[52,13947,189],{"class":188},[52,13949,12611],{"class":192},[52,13951,189],{"class":188},[52,13953,152],{"class":66},[52,13955,200],{"class":188},[52,13957,12620],{"class":192},[52,13959,189],{"class":188},[52,13961,74],{"class":66},[52,13963,200],{"class":188},[52,13965,13966],{"class":192},"font_size",[52,13968,189],{"class":188},[52,13970,152],{"class":66},[52,13972,13973],{"class":70}," 14",[52,13975,80],{"class":66},[52,13977,13978,13981,13983,13986,13988,13990],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,13979,13980],{"class":58},"settings_backup ",[52,13982,63],{"class":62},[52,13984,13985],{"class":58}," settings",[52,13987,89],{"class":66},[52,13989,13028],{"class":92},[52,13991,8764],{"class":66},[52,13993,13994],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13995,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,13997,13998,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,13999,14000],{"class":58},"settings",[52,14002,4020],{"class":66},[52,14004,189],{"class":188},[52,14006,13966],{"class":192},[52,14008,189],{"class":188},[52,14010,13388],{"class":66},[52,14012,13391],{"class":62},[52,14014,14015],{"class":70}," 16\n",[52,14017,14018],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,14019,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,14021,14022,14024,14026,14028,14031,14033,14035,14037],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,14023,119],{"class":118},[52,14025,122],{"class":66},[52,14027,189],{"class":188},[52,14029,14030],{"class":192},"Current:",[52,14032,189],{"class":188},[52,14034,74],{"class":66},[52,14036,13985],{"class":92},[52,14038,127],{"class":66},[52,14040,14041,14043,14045,14047,14050,14052,14054,14057],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,14042,119],{"class":118},[52,14044,122],{"class":66},[52,14046,189],{"class":188},[52,14048,14049],{"class":192},"Backup:",[52,14051,189],{"class":188},[52,14053,74],{"class":66},[52,14055,14056],{"class":92}," settings_backup",[52,14058,127],{"class":66},[20,14060,14061],{},[984,14062,2193],{},[43,14064,14066],{"className":45,"code":14065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14067,14068,14106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14069,14070,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095,14097,14099,14101,14104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14071,14072],{"class":58},"Current",[52,14074,152],{"class":66},[52,14076,67],{"class":66},[52,14078,3420],{"class":188},[52,14080,12611],{"class":192},[52,14082,3420],{"class":188},[52,14084,152],{"class":66},[52,14086,3415],{"class":188},[52,14088,12620],{"class":192},[52,14090,3420],{"class":188},[52,14092,74],{"class":66},[52,14094,3415],{"class":188},[52,14096,13966],{"class":192},[52,14098,3420],{"class":188},[52,14100,152],{"class":66},[52,14102,14103],{"class":70}," 16",[52,14105,80],{"class":66},[52,14107,14108,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14109,14110],{"class":58},"Backup",[52,14112,152],{"class":66},[52,14114,67],{"class":66},[52,14116,3420],{"class":188},[52,14118,12611],{"class":192},[52,14120,3420],{"class":188},[52,14122,152],{"class":66},[52,14124,3415],{"class":188},[52,14126,12620],{"class":192},[52,14128,3420],{"class":188},[52,14130,74],{"class":66},[52,14132,3415],{"class":188},[52,14134,13966],{"class":192},[52,14136,3420],{"class":188},[52,14138,152],{"class":66},[52,14140,13973],{"class":70},[52,14142,80],{"class":66},[20,14144,14145,14146,2996,14152,89],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[30,14147,14149],{"href":14148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14150,14151],{},"dict.update()",[30,14153,14154],{"href":12940},[15,14155,11444],{},[38,14157,14159,14161],{"id":14158},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14160,12893],{}," vs assignment",[20,14163,14164],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14166,8538,14167,982,14169,14171],{},[15,14168,63],{},[984,14170,986],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1324,14173,14175],{"id":14174},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[43,14177,14179],{"className":45,"code":14178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14180,14181,14213,14222,14226,14246,14250,14268,14288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14182,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14184,12202],{"class":58},[52,14186,63],{"class":62},[52,14188,67],{"class":66},[52,14190,189],{"class":188},[52,14192,930],{"class":192},[52,14194,189],{"class":188},[52,14196,152],{"class":66},[52,14198,5616],{"class":70},[52,14200,74],{"class":66},[52,14202,200],{"class":188},[52,14204,11861],{"class":192},[52,14206,189],{"class":188},[52,14208,152],{"class":66},[52,14210,77],{"class":70},[52,14212,80],{"class":66},[52,14214,14215,14218,14220],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14216,14217],{"class":58},"assigned ",[52,14219,63],{"class":62},[52,14221,12240],{"class":58},[52,14223,14224],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14225,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,14227,14228,14231,14233,14235,14237,14239,14241,14243],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,14229,14230],{"class":58},"assigned",[52,14232,4020],{"class":66},[52,14234,189],{"class":188},[52,14236,930],{"class":192},[52,14238,189],{"class":188},[52,14240,13388],{"class":66},[52,14242,13391],{"class":62},[52,14244,14245],{"class":70}," 99\n",[52,14247,14248],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,14249,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,14251,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,14253,119],{"class":118},[52,14255,122],{"class":66},[52,14257,189],{"class":188},[52,14259,13409],{"class":192},[52,14261,189],{"class":188},[52,14263,74],{"class":66},[52,14265,12277],{"class":92},[52,14267,127],{"class":66},[52,14269,14270,14272,14274,14276,14279,14281,14283,14286],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,14271,119],{"class":118},[52,14273,122],{"class":66},[52,14275,189],{"class":188},[52,14277,14278],{"class":192},"Assigned:",[52,14280,189],{"class":188},[52,14282,74],{"class":66},[52,14284,14285],{"class":92}," assigned",[52,14287,127],{"class":66},[52,14289,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,14291,119],{"class":118},[52,14293,122],{"class":66},[52,14295,12202],{"class":92},[52,14297,12310],{"class":3996},[52,14299,14285],{"class":92},[52,14301,127],{"class":66},[20,14303,14304],{},[984,14305,2193],{},[43,14307,14309],{"className":45,"code":14308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14310,14311,14343,14376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14312,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14314,13451],{"class":58},[52,14316,152],{"class":66},[52,14318,67],{"class":66},[52,14320,3420],{"class":188},[52,14322,930],{"class":192},[52,14324,3420],{"class":188},[52,14326,152],{"class":66},[52,14328,10316],{"class":70},[52,14330,74],{"class":66},[52,14332,3415],{"class":188},[52,14334,11861],{"class":192},[52,14336,3420],{"class":188},[52,14338,152],{"class":66},[52,14340,77],{"class":70},[52,14342,80],{"class":66},[52,14344,14345,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14346,14347],{"class":58},"Assigned",[52,14349,152],{"class":66},[52,14351,67],{"class":66},[52,14353,3420],{"class":188},[52,14355,930],{"class":192},[52,14357,3420],{"class":188},[52,14359,152],{"class":66},[52,14361,10316],{"class":70},[52,14363,74],{"class":66},[52,14365,3415],{"class":188},[52,14367,11861],{"class":192},[52,14369,3420],{"class":188},[52,14371,152],{"class":66},[52,14373,77],{"class":70},[52,14375,80],{"class":66},[52,14377,14378],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14379,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,14381,8538,14383],{"id":14382},"using-copy",[15,14384,12893],{},[43,14386,14388],{"className":45,"code":14387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14389,14390,14422,14437,14441,14460,14464,14482,14502],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14391,14392,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14393,12202],{"class":58},[52,14395,63],{"class":62},[52,14397,67],{"class":66},[52,14399,189],{"class":188},[52,14401,930],{"class":192},[52,14403,189],{"class":188},[52,14405,152],{"class":66},[52,14407,5616],{"class":70},[52,14409,74],{"class":66},[52,14411,200],{"class":188},[52,14413,11861],{"class":192},[52,14415,189],{"class":188},[52,14417,152],{"class":66},[52,14419,77],{"class":70},[52,14421,80],{"class":66},[52,14423,14424,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14425,14426],{"class":58},"copied ",[52,14428,63],{"class":62},[52,14430,12277],{"class":58},[52,14432,89],{"class":66},[52,14434,13028],{"class":92},[52,14436,8764],{"class":66},[52,14438,14439],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14440,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,14442,14443,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,14444,14445],{"class":58},"copied",[52,14447,4020],{"class":66},[52,14449,189],{"class":188},[52,14451,930],{"class":192},[52,14453,189],{"class":188},[52,14455,13388],{"class":66},[52,14457,13391],{"class":62},[52,14459,14245],{"class":70},[52,14461,14462],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,14463,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,14465,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,14467,119],{"class":118},[52,14469,122],{"class":66},[52,14471,189],{"class":188},[52,14473,13409],{"class":192},[52,14475,189],{"class":188},[52,14477,74],{"class":66},[52,14479,12277],{"class":92},[52,14481,127],{"class":66},[52,14483,14484,14486,14488,14490,14493,14495,14497,14500],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,14485,119],{"class":118},[52,14487,122],{"class":66},[52,14489,189],{"class":188},[52,14491,14492],{"class":192},"Copied:",[52,14494,189],{"class":188},[52,14496,74],{"class":66},[52,14498,14499],{"class":92}," copied",[52,14501,127],{"class":66},[52,14503,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,14505,119],{"class":118},[52,14507,122],{"class":66},[52,14509,12202],{"class":92},[52,14511,12310],{"class":3996},[52,14513,14499],{"class":92},[52,14515,127],{"class":66},[20,14517,14518],{},[984,14519,2193],{},[43,14521,14523],{"className":45,"code":14522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14524,14525,14557,14590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14526,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14528,13451],{"class":58},[52,14530,152],{"class":66},[52,14532,67],{"class":66},[52,14534,3420],{"class":188},[52,14536,930],{"class":192},[52,14538,3420],{"class":188},[52,14540,152],{"class":66},[52,14542,5616],{"class":70},[52,14544,74],{"class":66},[52,14546,3415],{"class":188},[52,14548,11861],{"class":192},[52,14550,3420],{"class":188},[52,14552,152],{"class":66},[52,14554,77],{"class":70},[52,14556,80],{"class":66},[52,14558,14559,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14560,14561],{"class":58},"Copied",[52,14563,152],{"class":66},[52,14565,67],{"class":66},[52,14567,3420],{"class":188},[52,14569,930],{"class":192},[52,14571,3420],{"class":188},[52,14573,152],{"class":66},[52,14575,10316],{"class":70},[52,14577,74],{"class":66},[52,14579,3415],{"class":188},[52,14581,11861],{"class":192},[52,14583,3420],{"class":188},[52,14585,152],{"class":66},[52,14587,77],{"class":70},[52,14589,80],{"class":66},[52,14591,14592],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14593,4161],{"class":3971},[20,14595,14596],{},"Summary:",[154,14598,14599,14605],{},[157,14600,14601,14604],{},[15,14602,14603],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[157,14606,14607,14610],{},[15,14608,14609],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[38,14612,14614],{"id":14613},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14616,14617,152],{},[15,14618,12893],{},[154,14620,14621,14624,14627,14630],{},[157,14622,14623],{},"Returns a dictionary",[157,14625,14626],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[157,14628,14629],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[157,14631,14632],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14634,347],{},[43,14636,14638],{"className":45,"code":14637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14639,14640,14672,14688,14692,14710,14730,14734,14752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14641,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668,14670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14643,9288],{"class":58},[52,14645,63],{"class":62},[52,14647,67],{"class":66},[52,14649,189],{"class":188},[52,14651,30],{"class":192},[52,14653,189],{"class":188},[52,14655,152],{"class":66},[52,14657,5616],{"class":70},[52,14659,74],{"class":66},[52,14661,200],{"class":188},[52,14663,1393],{"class":192},[52,14665,189],{"class":188},[52,14667,152],{"class":66},[52,14669,77],{"class":70},[52,14671,80],{"class":66},[52,14673,14674,14677,14679,14682,14684,14686],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14675,14676],{"class":58},"data_copy ",[52,14678,63],{"class":62},[52,14680,14681],{"class":58}," data",[52,14683,89],{"class":66},[52,14685,13028],{"class":92},[52,14687,8764],{"class":66},[52,14689,14690],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14691,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,14693,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,14695,9327],{"class":58},[52,14697,4020],{"class":66},[52,14699,189],{"class":188},[52,14701,30],{"class":192},[52,14703,189],{"class":188},[52,14705,13388],{"class":66},[52,14707,13391],{"class":62},[52,14709,2704],{"class":70},[52,14711,14712,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,14713,14714],{"class":58},"data_copy",[52,14716,4020],{"class":66},[52,14718,189],{"class":188},[52,14720,1393],{"class":192},[52,14722,189],{"class":188},[52,14724,13388],{"class":66},[52,14726,13391],{"class":62},[52,14728,14729],{"class":70}," 20\n",[52,14731,14732],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,14733,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,14735,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,14737,119],{"class":118},[52,14739,122],{"class":66},[52,14741,189],{"class":188},[52,14743,13409],{"class":192},[52,14745,189],{"class":188},[52,14747,74],{"class":66},[52,14749,14681],{"class":92},[52,14751,127],{"class":66},[52,14753,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14769],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,14755,119],{"class":118},[52,14757,122],{"class":66},[52,14759,189],{"class":188},[52,14761,13428],{"class":192},[52,14763,189],{"class":188},[52,14765,74],{"class":66},[52,14767,14768],{"class":92}," data_copy",[52,14770,127],{"class":66},[20,14772,14773],{},[984,14774,2193],{},[43,14776,14778],{"className":45,"code":14777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14779,14780,14812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14781,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14783,13451],{"class":58},[52,14785,152],{"class":66},[52,14787,67],{"class":66},[52,14789,3420],{"class":188},[52,14791,30],{"class":192},[52,14793,3420],{"class":188},[52,14795,152],{"class":66},[52,14797,6124],{"class":70},[52,14799,74],{"class":66},[52,14801,3415],{"class":188},[52,14803,1393],{"class":192},[52,14805,3420],{"class":188},[52,14807,152],{"class":66},[52,14809,77],{"class":70},[52,14811,80],{"class":66},[52,14813,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14815,13488],{"class":58},[52,14817,152],{"class":66},[52,14819,67],{"class":66},[52,14821,3420],{"class":188},[52,14823,30],{"class":192},[52,14825,3420],{"class":188},[52,14827,152],{"class":66},[52,14829,5616],{"class":70},[52,14831,74],{"class":66},[52,14833,3415],{"class":188},[52,14835,1393],{"class":192},[52,14837,3420],{"class":188},[52,14839,152],{"class":66},[52,14841,7908],{"class":70},[52,14843,80],{"class":66},[38,14845,2948],{"id":2947},[20,14847,14848,14849,152],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14850,12551],{},[154,14852,14853,14860,14865,14870],{},[157,14854,8538,14855,1990,14857,14859],{},[15,14856,63],{},[15,14858,12893],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[157,14861,4697,14862,14864],{},[15,14863,12893],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[157,14866,14867,14868],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14869,12893],{},[157,14871,14872],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14874,14875],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[43,14877,14879],{"className":45,"code":14878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14880,14881,14891,14901,14915,14938,14961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14882,14883,14885,14887,14889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14884,119],{"class":118},[52,14886,122],{"class":66},[52,14888,12249],{"class":92},[52,14890,127],{"class":66},[52,14892,14893,14895,14897,14899],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,14894,119],{"class":118},[52,14896,122],{"class":66},[52,14898,14445],{"class":92},[52,14900,127],{"class":66},[52,14902,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14904,119],{"class":118},[52,14906,122],{"class":66},[52,14908,12202],{"class":92},[52,14910,12310],{"class":3996},[52,14912,14499],{"class":92},[52,14914,127],{"class":66},[52,14916,14917,14919,14921,14923,14925,14927,14929,14932,14934,14936],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,14918,119],{"class":118},[52,14920,122],{"class":66},[52,14922,12766],{"class":118},[52,14924,122],{"class":66},[52,14926,12249],{"class":92},[52,14928,399],{"class":66},[52,14930,14931],{"class":118}," id",[52,14933,122],{"class":66},[52,14935,14445],{"class":92},[52,14937,2150],{"class":66},[52,14939,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954,14957,14959],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,14941,119],{"class":118},[52,14943,122],{"class":66},[52,14945,12766],{"class":118},[52,14947,122],{"class":66},[52,14949,12249],{"class":92},[52,14951,4020],{"class":66},[52,14953,189],{"class":188},[52,14955,14956],{"class":192},"key",[52,14958,189],{"class":188},[52,14960,3117],{"class":66},[52,14962,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,14964,119],{"class":118},[52,14966,122],{"class":66},[52,14968,12766],{"class":118},[52,14970,122],{"class":66},[52,14972,14445],{"class":92},[52,14974,4020],{"class":66},[52,14976,189],{"class":188},[52,14978,14956],{"class":192},[52,14980,189],{"class":188},[52,14982,3117],{"class":66},[20,14984,14985],{},"What these help you check:",[154,14987,14988,14991,14994],{},[157,14989,14990],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[157,14992,14993],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[157,14995,14996],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14998,14999,15000,89],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[30,15001,15003],{"href":15002},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[38,15005,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,15007,1937,15009,15011],{"id":15008},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15010,12551],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15013,15014],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1324,15016,15018,15019,15021],{"id":15017},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15020,12551],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15023,15024],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1324,15026,1959,15028,668,15030,1964],{"id":15027},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15029,12893],{},[15,15031,63],{},[20,15033,15034,15036,15037,15039],{},[15,15035,12893],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15038,63],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1324,15041,15043],{"id":15042},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15045,15046],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[38,15048,1996],{"id":1995},[154,15050,15051,15055,15059,15063,15069,15075],{},[157,15052,15053],{},[30,15054,11360],{"href":13143},[157,15056,15057],{},[30,15058,9278],{"href":13140},[157,15060,15061],{},[30,15062,13906],{"href":13905},[157,15064,15065],{},[30,15066,10855,15067,10859],{"href":14148},[15,15068,17],{},[157,15070,15071],{},[30,15072,10855,15073,10859],{"href":12940},[15,15074,11439],{},[157,15076,15077],{},[30,15078,15079],{"href":15002},"How to copy a list in Python",[2044,15081,15082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":15084},[15085,15086,15088,15089,15090,15091,15093,15099,15100,15101,15110],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":13112,"depth":83,"text":15087},"What the copy() method does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":13548,"depth":83,"text":13549},{"id":13909,"depth":83,"text":15092},"When to use copy()",{"id":14158,"depth":83,"text":15094,"children":15095},"copy() vs assignment",[15096,15097],{"id":14174,"depth":115,"text":14175},{"id":14382,"depth":115,"text":15098},"Using copy()",{"id":14613,"depth":83,"text":14614},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":15102},[15103,15105,15107,15109],{"id":15008,"depth":115,"text":15104},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15017,"depth":115,"text":15106},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15027,"depth":115,"text":15108},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15042,"depth":115,"text":15043},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12946,"description":15111},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15118,"title":15119,"body":15120,"description":17317,"extension":2083,"meta":17318,"navigation":240,"path":13143,"seo":17319,"stem":17320,"__hash__":17321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15121,"toc":17279},[15122,15125,15131,15140,15142,15218,15222,15271,15274,15278,15292,15295,15299,15312,15315,15348,15362,15365,15377,15381,15384,15392,15472,15476,15529,15533,15551,15553,15635,15638,15640,15643,15646,15669,15693,15697,15705,15708,15712,15721,15726,15782,15786,15819,15825,15831,15834,15889,15893,15943,15946,15952,15955,15963,15965,16010,16015,16024,16027,16030,16077,16079,16084,16087,16181,16185,16238,16241,16297,16300,16304,16307,16321,16325,16391,16395,16420,16423,16427,16505,16509,16512,16515,16535,16538,16591,16595,16598,16601,16614,16616,16705,16712,16715,16726,16728,16731,16751,16755,16758,16767,16770,16809,16813,16815,16824,16833,16835,16873,16877,16924,16928,16949,16953,16956,17068,17073,17171,17193,17195,17199,17206,17210,17216,17220,17223,17227,17230,17237,17245,17247,17273,17276],[10,15123,15119],{"id":15124},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15126,15127,15128,15130],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[984,15129,9254],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15132,15133,15134,2996,15136,89],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[30,15135,9278],{"href":9277},[30,15137,15139],{"href":15138},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[38,15141,2125],{"id":2124},[43,15143,15145],{"className":45,"code":15144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15146,15147,15155,15173,15187,15200,15204,15208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15148,15149,15151,15153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15150,12980],{"class":58},[52,15152,63],{"class":62},[52,15154,11610],{"class":66},[52,15156,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15158,11615],{"class":188},[52,15160,7786],{"class":192},[52,15162,189],{"class":188},[52,15164,152],{"class":66},[52,15166,200],{"class":188},[52,15168,12997],{"class":192},[52,15170,189],{"class":188},[52,15172,11631],{"class":66},[52,15174,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15176,11615],{"class":188},[52,15178,9420],{"class":192},[52,15180,189],{"class":188},[52,15182,152],{"class":66},[52,15184,7908],{"class":70},[52,15186,11631],{"class":66},[52,15188,15189,15191,15194,15196,15198],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,15190,11615],{"class":188},[52,15192,15193],{"class":192},"is_active",[52,15195,189],{"class":188},[52,15197,152],{"class":66},[52,15199,6543],{"class":3971},[52,15201,15202],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,15203,80],{"class":66},[52,15205,15206],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,15207,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,15209,15210,15212,15214,15216],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,15211,119],{"class":118},[52,15213,122],{"class":66},[52,15215,13741],{"class":92},[52,15217,127],{"class":66},[20,15219,15220],{},[984,15221,2193],{},[43,15223,15225],{"className":45,"code":15224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15226,15227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15228,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15230,9399],{"class":66},[52,15232,3420],{"class":188},[52,15234,7786],{"class":192},[52,15236,3420],{"class":188},[52,15238,152],{"class":66},[52,15240,3415],{"class":188},[52,15242,12997],{"class":192},[52,15244,3420],{"class":188},[52,15246,74],{"class":66},[52,15248,3415],{"class":188},[52,15250,9420],{"class":192},[52,15252,3420],{"class":188},[52,15254,152],{"class":66},[52,15256,7908],{"class":70},[52,15258,74],{"class":66},[52,15260,3415],{"class":188},[52,15262,15193],{"class":192},[52,15264,3420],{"class":188},[52,15266,152],{"class":66},[52,15268,4036],{"class":3971},[52,15270,80],{"class":66},[20,15272,15273],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[38,15275,15277],{"id":15276},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[154,15279,15280,15283,15286,15289],{},[157,15281,15282],{},"What a dictionary is",[157,15284,15285],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[157,15287,15288],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[157,15290,15291],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[38,15293,15282],{"id":15294},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15296,9251,15297,89],{},[984,15298,9254],{},[154,15300,15301,15307],{},[157,15302,15303,15304,15306],{},"A ",[984,15305,14956],{}," is the label",[157,15308,15303,15309,15311],{},[984,15310,2593],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15313,15314],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[43,15316,15318],{"className":45,"code":15317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15319,15320,15328,15344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15321,15322,15324,15326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15323,12980],{"class":58},[52,15325,63],{"class":62},[52,15327,11610],{"class":66},[52,15329,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15331,11615],{"class":188},[52,15333,7786],{"class":192},[52,15335,189],{"class":188},[52,15337,152],{"class":66},[52,15339,200],{"class":188},[52,15341,12997],{"class":192},[52,15343,3479],{"class":188},[52,15345,15346],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15347,80],{"class":66},[154,15349,15350,15356],{},[157,15351,15352,15355],{},[15,15353,15354],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[157,15357,15358,15361],{},[15,15359,15360],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15363,15364],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[154,15366,15367,15369,15371,15374],{},[157,15368,7786],{},[157,15370,9420],{},[157,15372,15373],{},"email",[157,15375,15376],{},"country",[38,15378,15380],{"id":15379},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15382,15383],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15385,137,15386,15388,15389,89],{},[15,15387,3911],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15390,15391],{},"key: value",[43,15393,15395],{"className":45,"code":15394,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15396,15397,15405,15423,15437,15454,15458,15462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15398,15399,15401,15403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15400,12980],{"class":58},[52,15402,63],{"class":62},[52,15404,11610],{"class":66},[52,15406,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15408,11615],{"class":188},[52,15410,7786],{"class":192},[52,15412,189],{"class":188},[52,15414,152],{"class":66},[52,15416,200],{"class":188},[52,15418,12997],{"class":192},[52,15420,189],{"class":188},[52,15422,11631],{"class":66},[52,15424,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433,15435],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15426,11615],{"class":188},[52,15428,9420],{"class":192},[52,15430,189],{"class":188},[52,15432,152],{"class":66},[52,15434,7908],{"class":70},[52,15436,11631],{"class":66},[52,15438,15439,15441,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,15440,11615],{"class":188},[52,15442,15443],{"class":192},"course",[52,15445,189],{"class":188},[52,15447,152],{"class":66},[52,15449,200],{"class":188},[52,15451,7414],{"class":192},[52,15453,3479],{"class":188},[52,15455,15456],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,15457,80],{"class":66},[52,15459,15460],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,15461,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,15463,15464,15466,15468,15470],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,15465,119],{"class":118},[52,15467,122],{"class":66},[52,15469,13741],{"class":92},[52,15471,127],{"class":66},[20,15473,15474],{},[984,15475,2193],{},[43,15477,15479],{"className":45,"code":15478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15480,15481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15482,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495,15497,15499,15501,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15484,9399],{"class":66},[52,15486,3420],{"class":188},[52,15488,7786],{"class":192},[52,15490,3420],{"class":188},[52,15492,152],{"class":66},[52,15494,3415],{"class":188},[52,15496,12997],{"class":192},[52,15498,3420],{"class":188},[52,15500,74],{"class":66},[52,15502,3415],{"class":188},[52,15504,9420],{"class":192},[52,15506,3420],{"class":188},[52,15508,152],{"class":66},[52,15510,7908],{"class":70},[52,15512,74],{"class":66},[52,15514,3415],{"class":188},[52,15516,15443],{"class":192},[52,15518,3420],{"class":188},[52,15520,152],{"class":66},[52,15522,3415],{"class":188},[52,15524,7414],{"class":192},[52,15526,3420],{"class":188},[52,15528,80],{"class":66},[1324,15530,15532],{"id":15531},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[154,15534,15535,15540,15545,15548],{},[157,15536,137,15537,15539],{},[15,15538,3911],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[157,15541,15542,15543],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15544,15391],{},[157,15546,15547],{},"Separate items with commas",[157,15549,15550],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15552,347],{},[43,15554,15556],{"className":45,"code":15555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15557,15558,15567,15587,15603,15616,15620,15624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15559,15560,15563,15565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15561,15562],{"class":58},"book ",[52,15564,63],{"class":62},[52,15566,11610],{"class":66},[52,15568,15569,15571,15574,15576,15578,15580,15583,15585],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15570,11615],{"class":188},[52,15572,15573],{"class":192},"title",[52,15575,189],{"class":188},[52,15577,152],{"class":66},[52,15579,200],{"class":188},[52,15581,15582],{"class":192},"Python Basics",[52,15584,189],{"class":188},[52,15586,11631],{"class":66},[52,15588,15589,15591,15594,15596,15598,15601],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15590,11615],{"class":188},[52,15592,15593],{"class":192},"pages",[52,15595,189],{"class":188},[52,15597,152],{"class":66},[52,15599,15600],{"class":70}," 150",[52,15602,11631],{"class":66},[52,15604,15605,15607,15610,15612,15614],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,15606,11615],{"class":188},[52,15608,15609],{"class":192},"available",[52,15611,189],{"class":188},[52,15613,152],{"class":66},[52,15615,6543],{"class":3971},[52,15617,15618],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,15619,80],{"class":66},[52,15621,15622],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,15623,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,15625,15626,15628,15630,15633],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,15627,119],{"class":118},[52,15629,122],{"class":66},[52,15631,15632],{"class":92},"book",[52,15634,127],{"class":66},[20,15636,15637],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[38,15639,9523],{"id":9522},[20,15641,15642],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15644,15645],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[43,15647,15649],{"className":45,"code":15648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15650,15651,15659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15652,15653,15655,15657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15654,9288],{"class":58},[52,15656,63],{"class":62},[52,15658,9957],{"class":66},[52,15660,15661,15663,15665,15667],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15662,119],{"class":118},[52,15664,122],{"class":66},[52,15666,9327],{"class":92},[52,15668,127],{"class":66},[43,15670,15671],{"className":45,"code":9526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15672,15673,15683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15674,15675,15677,15679,15681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15676,9288],{"class":58},[52,15678,63],{"class":62},[52,15680,9293],{"class":3020},[52,15682,8764],{"class":66},[52,15684,15685,15687,15689,15691],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15686,119],{"class":118},[52,15688,122],{"class":66},[52,15690,9327],{"class":92},[52,15692,127],{"class":66},[20,15694,15695],{},[984,15696,2193],{},[43,15698,15699],{"className":45,"code":9555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15700,15701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15702,15703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15704,9555],{"class":66},[20,15706,15707],{},"Both are correct.",[1324,15709,15711],{"id":15710},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15713,15714,15716,15717,15720],{},[15,15715,3911],{}," creates an empty ",[984,15718,15719],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15722,15723,15724,89],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15725,3916],{},[43,15727,15729],{"className":45,"code":15728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15730,15731,15739,15750,15754,15768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15732,15733,15735,15737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15734,11840],{"class":58},[52,15736,63],{"class":62},[52,15738,9957],{"class":66},[52,15740,15741,15743,15745,15748],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15742,1549],{"class":58},[52,15744,63],{"class":62},[52,15746,15747],{"class":3020}," set",[52,15749,8764],{"class":66},[52,15751,15752],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15753,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,15755,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,15757,119],{"class":118},[52,15759,122],{"class":66},[52,15761,3340],{"class":3020},[52,15763,122],{"class":66},[52,15765,11566],{"class":92},[52,15767,2150],{"class":66},[52,15769,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,15771,119],{"class":118},[52,15773,122],{"class":66},[52,15775,3340],{"class":3020},[52,15777,122],{"class":66},[52,15779,281],{"class":92},[52,15781,2150],{"class":66},[20,15783,15784],{},[984,15785,2193],{},[43,15787,15789],{"className":45,"code":15788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15790,15791,15805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15792,15793,15795,15797,15799,15801,15803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15794,3409],{"class":62},[52,15796,3412],{"class":2187},[52,15798,3415],{"class":188},[52,15800,8943],{"class":192},[52,15802,3420],{"class":188},[52,15804,3423],{"class":62},[52,15806,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15808,3409],{"class":62},[52,15810,3412],{"class":2187},[52,15812,3415],{"class":188},[52,15814,6407],{"class":192},[52,15816,3420],{"class":188},[52,15818,3423],{"class":62},[38,15820,15822,15823],{"id":15821},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15824,9242],{},[20,15826,15827,15828,15830],{},"You can also use ",[15,15829,9242],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15832,15833],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[43,15835,15837],{"className":45,"code":15836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15838,15839,15879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15840,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15868,15870,15873,15875,15877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15842,12980],{"class":58},[52,15844,63],{"class":62},[52,15846,9293],{"class":3020},[52,15848,122],{"class":66},[52,15850,7786],{"class":9298},[52,15852,63],{"class":62},[52,15854,189],{"class":188},[52,15856,12997],{"class":192},[52,15858,189],{"class":188},[52,15860,74],{"class":66},[52,15862,9311],{"class":9298},[52,15864,63],{"class":62},[52,15866,15867],{"class":70},"20",[52,15869,74],{"class":66},[52,15871,15872],{"class":9298}," active",[52,15874,63],{"class":62},[52,15876,3726],{"class":3971},[52,15878,127],{"class":66},[52,15880,15881,15883,15885,15887],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,15882,119],{"class":118},[52,15884,122],{"class":66},[52,15886,13741],{"class":92},[52,15888,127],{"class":66},[20,15890,15891],{},[984,15892,2193],{},[43,15894,15896],{"className":45,"code":15895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15897,15898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15899,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15935,15937,15939,15941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15901,9399],{"class":66},[52,15903,3420],{"class":188},[52,15905,7786],{"class":192},[52,15907,3420],{"class":188},[52,15909,152],{"class":66},[52,15911,3415],{"class":188},[52,15913,12997],{"class":192},[52,15915,3420],{"class":188},[52,15917,74],{"class":66},[52,15919,3415],{"class":188},[52,15921,9420],{"class":192},[52,15923,3420],{"class":188},[52,15925,152],{"class":66},[52,15927,7908],{"class":70},[52,15929,74],{"class":66},[52,15931,3415],{"class":188},[52,15933,15934],{"class":192},"active",[52,15936,3420],{"class":188},[52,15938,152],{"class":66},[52,15940,4036],{"class":3971},[52,15942,80],{"class":66},[20,15944,15945],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1324,15947,15949,15950],{"id":15948},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15951,9242],{},[20,15953,15954],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[154,15956,15957,15960],{},[157,15958,15959],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[157,15961,15962],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15964,6805],{},[43,15966,15968],{"className":45,"code":15967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15969,15970,16000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15971,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15973,11605],{"class":58},[52,15975,63],{"class":62},[52,15977,9293],{"class":3020},[52,15979,122],{"class":66},[52,15981,7786],{"class":9298},[52,15983,63],{"class":62},[52,15985,189],{"class":188},[52,15987,7795],{"class":192},[52,15989,189],{"class":188},[52,15991,74],{"class":66},[52,15993,9311],{"class":9298},[52,15995,63],{"class":62},[52,15997,9316],{"class":70},[52,15999,127],{"class":66},[52,16001,16002,16004,16006,16008],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16003,119],{"class":118},[52,16005,122],{"class":66},[52,16007,11699],{"class":92},[52,16009,127],{"class":66},[20,16011,4745,16012,16014],{},[984,16013,986],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[43,16016,16018],{"className":45,"code":16017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16019,16020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16021,16022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16023,16017],{"class":133},[20,16025,16026],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16028,16029],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[43,16031,16033],{"className":45,"code":16032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16034,16035,16043,16059,16063,16067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16036,16037,16039,16041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16038,11605],{"class":58},[52,16040,63],{"class":62},[52,16042,11610],{"class":66},[52,16044,16045,16047,16049,16051,16053,16055,16057],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16046,11615],{"class":188},[52,16048,10614],{"class":192},[52,16050,189],{"class":188},[52,16052,152],{"class":66},[52,16054,200],{"class":188},[52,16056,7795],{"class":192},[52,16058,3479],{"class":188},[52,16060,16061],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16062,80],{"class":66},[52,16064,16065],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,16066,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,16068,16069,16071,16073,16075],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,16070,119],{"class":118},[52,16072,122],{"class":66},[52,16074,11699],{"class":92},[52,16076,127],{"class":66},[38,16078,9565],{"id":9564},[20,16080,16081,16083],{},[15,16082,9242],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16085,16086],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[43,16088,16090],{"className":45,"code":16089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16091,16092,16149,16153,16167,16171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16093,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16145,16147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16095,9338],{"class":58},[52,16097,63],{"class":62},[52,16099,9343],{"class":66},[52,16101,189],{"class":188},[52,16103,7786],{"class":192},[52,16105,189],{"class":188},[52,16107,74],{"class":66},[52,16109,200],{"class":188},[52,16111,12997],{"class":192},[52,16113,189],{"class":188},[52,16115,399],{"class":66},[52,16117,388],{"class":66},[52,16119,189],{"class":188},[52,16121,9420],{"class":192},[52,16123,189],{"class":188},[52,16125,74],{"class":66},[52,16127,7908],{"class":70},[52,16129,399],{"class":66},[52,16131,388],{"class":66},[52,16133,189],{"class":188},[52,16135,10528],{"class":192},[52,16137,189],{"class":188},[52,16139,74],{"class":66},[52,16141,200],{"class":188},[52,16143,16144],{"class":192},"Lima",[52,16146,189],{"class":188},[52,16148,9370],{"class":66},[52,16150,16151],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16152,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,16154,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16156,12980],{"class":58},[52,16158,63],{"class":62},[52,16160,9293],{"class":3020},[52,16162,122],{"class":66},[52,16164,9383],{"class":92},[52,16166,127],{"class":66},[52,16168,16169],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,16170,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,16172,16173,16175,16177,16179],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,16174,119],{"class":118},[52,16176,122],{"class":66},[52,16178,13741],{"class":92},[52,16180,127],{"class":66},[20,16182,16183],{},[984,16184,2193],{},[43,16186,16188],{"className":45,"code":16187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16189,16190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16191,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16193,9399],{"class":66},[52,16195,3420],{"class":188},[52,16197,7786],{"class":192},[52,16199,3420],{"class":188},[52,16201,152],{"class":66},[52,16203,3415],{"class":188},[52,16205,12997],{"class":192},[52,16207,3420],{"class":188},[52,16209,74],{"class":66},[52,16211,3415],{"class":188},[52,16213,9420],{"class":192},[52,16215,3420],{"class":188},[52,16217,152],{"class":66},[52,16219,7908],{"class":70},[52,16221,74],{"class":66},[52,16223,3415],{"class":188},[52,16225,10528],{"class":192},[52,16227,3420],{"class":188},[52,16229,152],{"class":66},[52,16231,3415],{"class":188},[52,16233,16144],{"class":192},[52,16235,3420],{"class":188},[52,16237,80],{"class":66},[20,16239,16240],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[43,16242,16244],{"className":45,"code":16243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16245,16246,16287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16247,16248,16250,16252,16254,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16249,12980],{"class":58},[52,16251,63],{"class":62},[52,16253,9293],{"class":3020},[52,16255,16256],{"class":66},"(((",[52,16258,189],{"class":188},[52,16260,7786],{"class":192},[52,16262,189],{"class":188},[52,16264,74],{"class":66},[52,16266,200],{"class":188},[52,16268,12997],{"class":192},[52,16270,189],{"class":188},[52,16272,399],{"class":66},[52,16274,388],{"class":66},[52,16276,189],{"class":188},[52,16278,9420],{"class":192},[52,16280,189],{"class":188},[52,16282,74],{"class":66},[52,16284,7908],{"class":70},[52,16286,3031],{"class":66},[52,16288,16289,16291,16293,16295],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16290,119],{"class":118},[52,16292,122],{"class":66},[52,16294,13741],{"class":92},[52,16296,127],{"class":66},[20,16298,16299],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[38,16301,16303],{"id":16302},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16305,16306],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[154,16308,16309,16312,16315,16318],{},[157,16310,16311],{},"Keys must be unique",[157,16313,16314],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[157,16316,16317],{},"Values can repeat",[157,16319,16320],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1324,16322,16324],{"id":16323},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[43,16326,16328],{"className":45,"code":16327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16329,16330,16338,16356,16373,16377,16381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16331,16332,16334,16336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16333,9288],{"class":58},[52,16335,63],{"class":62},[52,16337,11610],{"class":66},[52,16339,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16341,11615],{"class":188},[52,16343,7786],{"class":192},[52,16345,189],{"class":188},[52,16347,152],{"class":66},[52,16349,200],{"class":188},[52,16351,12997],{"class":192},[52,16353,189],{"class":188},[52,16355,11631],{"class":66},[52,16357,16358,16360,16362,16364,16366,16368,16371],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16359,11615],{"class":188},[52,16361,7786],{"class":192},[52,16363,189],{"class":188},[52,16365,152],{"class":66},[52,16367,200],{"class":188},[52,16369,16370],{"class":192},"Maria",[52,16372,3479],{"class":188},[52,16374,16375],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,16376,80],{"class":66},[52,16378,16379],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,16380,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,16382,16383,16385,16387,16389],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,16384,119],{"class":118},[52,16386,122],{"class":66},[52,16388,9327],{"class":92},[52,16390,127],{"class":66},[20,16392,16393],{},[984,16394,2193],{},[43,16396,16398],{"className":45,"code":16397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16399,16400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16401,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16403,9399],{"class":66},[52,16405,3420],{"class":188},[52,16407,7786],{"class":192},[52,16409,3420],{"class":188},[52,16411,152],{"class":66},[52,16413,3415],{"class":188},[52,16415,16370],{"class":192},[52,16417,3420],{"class":188},[52,16419,80],{"class":66},[20,16421,16422],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1324,16424,16426],{"id":16425},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[43,16428,16430],{"className":45,"code":16429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16431,16432,16440,16456,16472,16486,16490,16494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16433,16434,16436,16438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16435,5181],{"class":58},[52,16437,63],{"class":62},[52,16439,11610],{"class":66},[52,16441,16442,16445,16447,16449,16452,16454],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16443,16444],{"class":70},"    1",[52,16446,152],{"class":66},[52,16448,200],{"class":188},[52,16450,16451],{"class":192},"low",[52,16453,189],{"class":188},[52,16455,11631],{"class":66},[52,16457,16458,16461,16463,16465,16468,16470],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16459,16460],{"class":70},"    2",[52,16462,152],{"class":66},[52,16464,200],{"class":188},[52,16466,16467],{"class":192},"medium",[52,16469,189],{"class":188},[52,16471,11631],{"class":66},[52,16473,16474,16477,16479,16481,16484],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,16475,16476],{"class":70},"    3",[52,16478,152],{"class":66},[52,16480,200],{"class":188},[52,16482,16483],{"class":192},"high",[52,16485,3479],{"class":188},[52,16487,16488],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,16489,80],{"class":66},[52,16491,16492],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,16493,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,16495,16496,16498,16500,16503],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,16497,119],{"class":118},[52,16499,122],{"class":66},[52,16501,16502],{"class":92},"scores",[52,16504,127],{"class":66},[1324,16506,16508],{"id":16507},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16510,16511],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16513,16514],{},"This will cause an error:",[43,16516,16518],{"className":45,"code":16517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16519,16520,16525,16530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16521,16522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16523,16524],{"class":133},"# bad = {\n",[52,16526,16527],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16528,16529],{"class":133},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[52,16531,16532],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16533,16534],{"class":133},"# }\n",[20,16536,16537],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[43,16539,16541],{"className":45,"code":16540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16542,16543,16552,16572,16576,16580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16544,16545,16548,16550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16546,16547],{"class":58},"good ",[52,16549,63],{"class":62},[52,16551,11610],{"class":66},[52,16553,16554,16557,16559,16561,16563,16566,16568,16570],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16555,16556],{"class":66},"    (",[52,16558,71],{"class":70},[52,16560,74],{"class":66},[52,16562,77],{"class":70},[52,16564,16565],{"class":66},"):",[52,16567,200],{"class":188},[52,16569,86],{"class":192},[52,16571,3479],{"class":188},[52,16573,16574],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16575,80],{"class":66},[52,16577,16578],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,16579,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,16581,16582,16584,16586,16589],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,16583,119],{"class":118},[52,16585,122],{"class":66},[52,16587,16588],{"class":92},"good",[52,16590,127],{"class":66},[38,16592,16594],{"id":16593},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16596,16597],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16599,16600],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[154,16602,16603,16606,16608,16611],{},[157,16604,16605],{},"user data",[157,16607,14000],{},[157,16609,16610],{},"counters",[157,16612,16613],{},"lookups",[20,16615,347],{},[43,16617,16619],{"className":45,"code":16618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16620,16621,16629,16648,16667,16679,16683,16687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16622,16623,16625,16627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16624,11605],{"class":58},[52,16626,63],{"class":62},[52,16628,11610],{"class":66},[52,16630,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16644,16646],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16632,11615],{"class":188},[52,16634,8104],{"class":192},[52,16636,189],{"class":188},[52,16638,152],{"class":66},[52,16640,200],{"class":188},[52,16642,16643],{"class":192},"ana123",[52,16645,189],{"class":188},[52,16647,11631],{"class":66},[52,16649,16650,16652,16654,16656,16658,16660,16663,16665],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16651,11615],{"class":188},[52,16653,15373],{"class":192},[52,16655,189],{"class":188},[52,16657,152],{"class":66},[52,16659,200],{"class":188},[52,16661,16662],{"class":192},"ana@example.com",[52,16664,189],{"class":188},[52,16666,11631],{"class":66},[52,16668,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,16670,11615],{"class":188},[52,16672,12631],{"class":192},[52,16674,189],{"class":188},[52,16676,152],{"class":66},[52,16678,6543],{"class":3971},[52,16680,16681],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,16682,80],{"class":66},[52,16684,16685],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,16686,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,16688,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,16690,119],{"class":118},[52,16692,122],{"class":66},[52,16694,11699],{"class":92},[52,16696,4020],{"class":66},[52,16698,189],{"class":188},[52,16700,15373],{"class":192},[52,16702,189],{"class":188},[52,16704,112],{"class":66},[20,16706,16707,16708,89],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[30,16709,16711],{"href":16710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16713,16714],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[154,16716,16717,16720,16723],{},[157,16718,16719],{},"labels are not needed",[157,16721,16722],{},"you mostly care about position",[157,16724,16725],{},"order matters more than named fields",[38,16727,2948],{"id":2947},[20,16729,16730],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[154,16732,16733,16736,16739,16742,16745],{},[157,16734,16735],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[157,16737,16738],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[157,16740,16741],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[157,16743,16744],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[157,16746,16747,16748,16750],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16749,3911],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1324,16752,16754],{"id":16753},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16756,16757],{},"Wrong:",[43,16759,16761],{"className":45,"code":16760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16762,16763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16764,16765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16766,16760],{"class":133},[20,16768,16769],{},"Correct:",[43,16771,16773],{"className":45,"code":16772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16774,16775,16799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16776,16777,16779,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793,16795,16797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16778,12980],{"class":58},[52,16780,63],{"class":62},[52,16782,67],{"class":66},[52,16784,189],{"class":188},[52,16786,7786],{"class":192},[52,16788,189],{"class":188},[52,16790,152],{"class":66},[52,16792,200],{"class":188},[52,16794,12997],{"class":192},[52,16796,189],{"class":188},[52,16798,80],{"class":66},[52,16800,16801,16803,16805,16807],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16802,119],{"class":118},[52,16804,122],{"class":66},[52,16806,13741],{"class":92},[52,16808,127],{"class":66},[1324,16810,16812],{"id":16811},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16814,16757],{},[43,16816,16818],{"className":45,"code":16817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16819,16820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16821,16822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16823,16817],{"class":133},[20,16825,16826,16827,16829,16830,16832],{},"This only works if ",[15,16828,7786],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16831,15354],{},", use quotes.",[20,16834,16769],{},[43,16836,16837],{"className":45,"code":16772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,16838,16839,16863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16840,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16842,12980],{"class":58},[52,16844,63],{"class":62},[52,16846,67],{"class":66},[52,16848,189],{"class":188},[52,16850,7786],{"class":192},[52,16852,189],{"class":188},[52,16854,152],{"class":66},[52,16856,200],{"class":188},[52,16858,12997],{"class":192},[52,16860,189],{"class":188},[52,16862,80],{"class":66},[52,16864,16865,16867,16869,16871],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16866,119],{"class":118},[52,16868,122],{"class":66},[52,16870,13741],{"class":92},[52,16872,127],{"class":66},[1324,16874,16876],{"id":16875},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[43,16878,16880],{"className":45,"code":16879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16881,16882,16914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16883,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16885,9288],{"class":58},[52,16887,63],{"class":62},[52,16889,67],{"class":66},[52,16891,189],{"class":188},[52,16893,9420],{"class":192},[52,16895,189],{"class":188},[52,16897,152],{"class":66},[52,16899,7908],{"class":70},[52,16901,74],{"class":66},[52,16903,200],{"class":188},[52,16905,9420],{"class":192},[52,16907,189],{"class":188},[52,16909,152],{"class":66},[52,16911,7913],{"class":70},[52,16913,80],{"class":66},[52,16915,16916,16918,16920,16922],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,16917,119],{"class":118},[52,16919,122],{"class":66},[52,16921,9327],{"class":92},[52,16923,127],{"class":66},[20,16925,16926],{},[984,16927,2193],{},[43,16929,16931],{"className":45,"code":16930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16932,16933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16934,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16936,9399],{"class":66},[52,16938,3420],{"class":188},[52,16940,9420],{"class":192},[52,16942,3420],{"class":188},[52,16944,152],{"class":66},[52,16946,7913],{"class":70},[52,16948,80],{"class":66},[38,16950,16952],{"id":16951},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16954,16955],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[43,16957,16959],{"className":45,"code":16958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16960,16961,16997,17001,17011,17025,17040,17054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16962,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989,16991,16993,16995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16964,11840],{"class":58},[52,16966,63],{"class":62},[52,16968,67],{"class":66},[52,16970,189],{"class":188},[52,16972,7786],{"class":192},[52,16974,189],{"class":188},[52,16976,152],{"class":66},[52,16978,200],{"class":188},[52,16980,12997],{"class":192},[52,16982,189],{"class":188},[52,16984,74],{"class":66},[52,16986,200],{"class":188},[52,16988,9420],{"class":192},[52,16990,189],{"class":188},[52,16992,152],{"class":66},[52,16994,7908],{"class":70},[52,16996,80],{"class":66},[52,16998,16999],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,17000,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,17002,17003,17005,17007,17009],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17004,119],{"class":118},[52,17006,122],{"class":66},[52,17008,11566],{"class":92},[52,17010,127],{"class":66},[52,17012,17013,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,17014,119],{"class":118},[52,17016,122],{"class":66},[52,17018,3340],{"class":3020},[52,17020,122],{"class":66},[52,17022,11566],{"class":92},[52,17024,2150],{"class":66},[52,17026,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17038],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,17028,119],{"class":118},[52,17030,122],{"class":66},[52,17032,11566],{"class":92},[52,17034,89],{"class":66},[52,17036,17037],{"class":92},"keys",[52,17039,7312],{"class":66},[52,17041,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,17043,119],{"class":118},[52,17045,122],{"class":66},[52,17047,11566],{"class":92},[52,17049,89],{"class":66},[52,17051,370],{"class":92},[52,17053,7312],{"class":66},[52,17055,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,17057,119],{"class":118},[52,17059,122],{"class":66},[52,17061,11279],{"class":118},[52,17063,122],{"class":66},[52,17065,11566],{"class":92},[52,17067,2150],{"class":66},[20,17069,17070],{},[984,17071,17072],{},"Example output:",[43,17074,17076],{"className":45,"code":17075,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17077,17078,17110,17124,17147,17166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17079,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17081,9399],{"class":66},[52,17083,3420],{"class":188},[52,17085,7786],{"class":192},[52,17087,3420],{"class":188},[52,17089,152],{"class":66},[52,17091,3415],{"class":188},[52,17093,12997],{"class":192},[52,17095,3420],{"class":188},[52,17097,74],{"class":66},[52,17099,3415],{"class":188},[52,17101,9420],{"class":192},[52,17103,3420],{"class":188},[52,17105,152],{"class":66},[52,17107,7908],{"class":70},[52,17109,80],{"class":66},[52,17111,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,17113,3409],{"class":62},[52,17115,3412],{"class":2187},[52,17117,3415],{"class":188},[52,17119,8943],{"class":192},[52,17121,3420],{"class":188},[52,17123,3423],{"class":62},[52,17125,17126,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17127,17128],{"class":92},"dict_keys",[52,17130,96],{"class":66},[52,17132,3420],{"class":188},[52,17134,7786],{"class":192},[52,17136,3420],{"class":188},[52,17138,74],{"class":66},[52,17140,3415],{"class":188},[52,17142,9420],{"class":192},[52,17144,3420],{"class":188},[52,17146,112],{"class":66},[52,17148,17149,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17164],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,17150,17151],{"class":92},"dict_values",[52,17153,96],{"class":66},[52,17155,3420],{"class":188},[52,17157,12997],{"class":192},[52,17159,3420],{"class":188},[52,17161,74],{"class":66},[52,17163,7908],{"class":70},[52,17165,112],{"class":66},[52,17167,17168],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,17169,17170],{"class":70},"2\n",[20,17172,17173,17174,2311,17180,17186,17187,89],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[30,17175,10855,17177],{"href":17176},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17178,17179],{},"keys()",[30,17181,10855,17183],{"href":17182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17184,17185],{},"values()",", and ",[30,17188,10855,17190],{"href":17189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17191,17192],{},"items()",[38,17194,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,17196,17198],{"id":17197},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17200,137,17201,2996,17203,17205],{},[15,17202,3911],{},[15,17204,9242],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1324,17207,17209],{"id":17208},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17211,17212,17213,89],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17214,17215],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1324,17217,17219],{"id":17218},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17221,17222],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1324,17224,17226],{"id":17225},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17228,17229],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1324,17231,1959,17233,668,17235,1964],{"id":17232},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17234,3911],{},[15,17236,9242],{},[20,17238,17239,17241,17242,17244],{},[15,17240,3911],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17243,9242],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[38,17246,1996],{"id":1995},[154,17248,17249,17253,17259,17263,17269],{},[157,17250,17251],{},[30,17252,9278],{"href":9277},[157,17254,17255],{},[30,17256,10855,17257,10859],{"href":10854},[15,17258,10858],{},[157,17260,17261],{},[30,17262,11369],{"href":10849},[157,17264,17265],{},[30,17266,17268],{"href":17267},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[157,17270,17271],{},[30,17272,11380],{"href":11192},[20,17274,17275],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2044,17277,17278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":17280},[17281,17282,17283,17284,17287,17290,17295,17296,17301,17302,17307,17308,17316],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":15276,"depth":83,"text":15277},{"id":15294,"depth":83,"text":15282},{"id":15379,"depth":83,"text":15380,"children":17285},[17286],{"id":15531,"depth":115,"text":15532},{"id":9522,"depth":83,"text":9523,"children":17288},[17289],{"id":15710,"depth":115,"text":15711},{"id":15821,"depth":83,"text":17291,"children":17292},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17293],{"id":15948,"depth":115,"text":17294},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9564,"depth":83,"text":9565},{"id":16302,"depth":83,"text":16303,"children":17297},[17298,17299,17300],{"id":16323,"depth":115,"text":16324},{"id":16425,"depth":115,"text":16426},{"id":16507,"depth":115,"text":16508},{"id":16593,"depth":83,"text":16594},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":17303},[17304,17305,17306],{"id":16753,"depth":115,"text":16754},{"id":16811,"depth":115,"text":16812},{"id":16875,"depth":115,"text":16876},{"id":16951,"depth":83,"text":16952},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":17309},[17310,17311,17312,17313,17314],{"id":17197,"depth":115,"text":17198},{"id":17208,"depth":115,"text":17209},{"id":17218,"depth":115,"text":17219},{"id":17225,"depth":115,"text":17226},{"id":17232,"depth":115,"text":17315},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15119,"description":17317},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17323,"title":17324,"body":17325,"description":19771,"extension":2083,"meta":19772,"navigation":240,"path":19773,"seo":19774,"stem":19775,"__hash__":19776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17326,"toc":19727},[17327,17333,17339,17342,17345,17347,17429,17435,17440,17444,17462,17474,17479,17483,17506,17510,17522,17530,17534,17540,17542,17545,17618,17620,17665,17667,17684,17689,17695,17700,17774,17776,17821,17824,17835,17837,17956,17958,18011,18018,18022,18025,18042,18048,18052,18150,18152,18203,18209,18213,18219,18222,18225,18252,18257,18261,18264,18368,18370,18415,18418,18421,18426,18431,18442,18444,18505,18565,18571,18579,18585,18590,18595,18655,18659,18726,18729,18733,18804,18807,18820,18827,18829,18833,18837,18908,18910,18947,18950,18953,19016,19023,19026,19068,19078,19080,19149,19155,19160,19244,19246,19295,19302,19308,19353,19355,19388,19393,19397,19403,19442,19486,19554,19597,19599,19605,19608,19612,19617,19621,19624,19628,19630,19691,19693,19719,19724],[10,17328,11436,17330,18],{"id":17329},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17331,17332],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17334,17335,17338],{},[15,17336,17337],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17340,17341],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17343,17344],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[38,17346,2125],{"id":2124},[43,17348,17350],{"className":45,"code":17349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17351,17352,17385,17413,17424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17353,17354,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17355,17356],{"class":58},"keys ",[52,17358,63],{"class":62},[52,17360,3743],{"class":66},[52,17362,189],{"class":188},[52,17364,7786],{"class":192},[52,17366,189],{"class":188},[52,17368,74],{"class":66},[52,17370,200],{"class":188},[52,17372,9420],{"class":192},[52,17374,189],{"class":188},[52,17376,74],{"class":66},[52,17378,200],{"class":188},[52,17380,10528],{"class":192},[52,17382,189],{"class":188},[52,17384,3756],{"class":66},[52,17386,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17409,17411],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,17388,13319],{"class":58},[52,17390,63],{"class":62},[52,17392,9293],{"class":3020},[52,17394,89],{"class":66},[52,17396,17397],{"class":92},"fromkeys",[52,17399,122],{"class":66},[52,17401,17037],{"class":92},[52,17403,74],{"class":66},[52,17405,200],{"class":188},[52,17407,17408],{"class":192},"unknown",[52,17410,189],{"class":188},[52,17412,127],{"class":66},[52,17414,17415,17417,17419,17422],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17416,119],{"class":118},[52,17418,122],{"class":66},[52,17420,17421],{"class":92},"person",[52,17423,127],{"class":66},[52,17425,17426],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,17427,17428],{"class":133},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17430,137,17431,17434],{},[15,17432,17433],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[38,17436,144,17438,147],{"id":17437},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17439,17337],{},[20,17441,17442,152],{},[15,17443,17337],{},[154,17445,17446,17449,17452,17455],{},[157,17447,17448],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[157,17450,17451],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[157,17453,17454],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[157,17456,17457,17458,17461],{},"Is called as ",[15,17459,17460],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17463,17464,17465,17467,17468,17470,17471,89],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17466,8943],{},", so you write ",[15,17469,17460],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17472,17473],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17475,17476,17477,89],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[30,17478,9278],{"href":13140},[38,17480,17482],{"id":17481},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[43,17484,17486],{"className":45,"code":17485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17487,17488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17489,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17491,8943],{"class":3020},[52,17493,89],{"class":66},[52,17495,17397],{"class":92},[52,17497,122],{"class":66},[52,17499,290],{"class":92},[52,17501,74],{"class":66},[52,17503,8554],{"class":92},[52,17505,127],{"class":66},[1324,17507,17509],{"id":17508},"parameters","Parameters",[154,17511,17512,17517],{},[157,17513,17514,17516],{},[15,17515,290],{},": the keys to use",[157,17518,17519,17521],{},[15,17520,2593],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17523,17524,17525,17527,17528,89],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17526,2593],{},", each key gets ",[15,17529,445],{},[1324,17531,17533],{"id":17532},"return-value","Return value",[20,17535,17536,17537,89],{},"It returns a ",[984,17538,17539],{},"new dictionary",[38,17541,5906],{"id":5905},[20,17543,17544],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[43,17546,17548],{"className":45,"code":17547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17549,17550,17582,17604,17608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17551,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17553,17356],{"class":58},[52,17555,63],{"class":62},[52,17557,3743],{"class":66},[52,17559,189],{"class":188},[52,17561,193],{"class":192},[52,17563,189],{"class":188},[52,17565,74],{"class":66},[52,17567,200],{"class":188},[52,17569,231],{"class":192},[52,17571,189],{"class":188},[52,17573,74],{"class":66},[52,17575,200],{"class":188},[52,17577,203],{"class":192},[52,17579,189],{"class":188},[52,17581,3756],{"class":66},[52,17583,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,17585,181],{"class":58},[52,17587,63],{"class":62},[52,17589,9293],{"class":3020},[52,17591,89],{"class":66},[52,17593,17397],{"class":92},[52,17595,122],{"class":66},[52,17597,17037],{"class":92},[52,17599,74],{"class":66},[52,17601,3952],{"class":70},[52,17603,127],{"class":66},[52,17605,17606],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17607,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,17609,17610,17612,17614,17616],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,17611,119],{"class":118},[52,17613,122],{"class":66},[52,17615,212],{"class":92},[52,17617,127],{"class":66},[20,17619,2193],{},[43,17621,17623],{"className":45,"code":17622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17624,17625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17626,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17628,9399],{"class":66},[52,17630,3420],{"class":188},[52,17632,193],{"class":192},[52,17634,3420],{"class":188},[52,17636,152],{"class":66},[52,17638,3952],{"class":70},[52,17640,74],{"class":66},[52,17642,3415],{"class":188},[52,17644,231],{"class":192},[52,17646,3420],{"class":188},[52,17648,152],{"class":66},[52,17650,3952],{"class":70},[52,17652,74],{"class":66},[52,17654,3415],{"class":188},[52,17656,203],{"class":192},[52,17658,3420],{"class":188},[52,17660,152],{"class":66},[52,17662,3952],{"class":70},[52,17664,80],{"class":66},[20,17666,656],{},[154,17668,17669,17674,17679],{},[157,17670,17671,17673],{},[15,17672,17037],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[157,17675,17676,17678],{},[15,17677,2243],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[157,17680,17681,17683],{},[15,17682,17337],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17685,17686,17687,89],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[30,17688,9512],{"href":13143},[38,17690,8538,17692,17694],{"id":17691},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17693,17332],{}," without a value",[20,17696,17697,17698,89],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17699,445],{},[43,17701,17703],{"className":45,"code":17702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17704,17705,17739,17759,17763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17706,17707,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17735,17737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17708,17709],{"class":58},"fields ",[52,17711,63],{"class":62},[52,17713,3743],{"class":66},[52,17715,189],{"class":188},[52,17717,8104],{"class":192},[52,17719,189],{"class":188},[52,17721,74],{"class":66},[52,17723,200],{"class":188},[52,17725,15373],{"class":192},[52,17727,189],{"class":188},[52,17729,74],{"class":66},[52,17731,200],{"class":188},[52,17733,17734],{"class":192},"password",[52,17736,189],{"class":188},[52,17738,3756],{"class":66},[52,17740,17741,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17757],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,17742,17743],{"class":58},"user_data ",[52,17745,63],{"class":62},[52,17747,9293],{"class":3020},[52,17749,89],{"class":66},[52,17751,17397],{"class":92},[52,17753,122],{"class":66},[52,17755,17756],{"class":92},"fields",[52,17758,127],{"class":66},[52,17760,17761],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17762,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,17764,17765,17767,17769,17772],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,17766,119],{"class":118},[52,17768,122],{"class":66},[52,17770,17771],{"class":92},"user_data",[52,17773,127],{"class":66},[20,17775,2193],{},[43,17777,17779],{"className":45,"code":17778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17780,17781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17782,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17784,9399],{"class":66},[52,17786,3420],{"class":188},[52,17788,8104],{"class":192},[52,17790,3420],{"class":188},[52,17792,152],{"class":66},[52,17794,3972],{"class":3971},[52,17796,74],{"class":66},[52,17798,3415],{"class":188},[52,17800,15373],{"class":192},[52,17802,3420],{"class":188},[52,17804,152],{"class":66},[52,17806,3972],{"class":3971},[52,17808,74],{"class":66},[52,17810,3415],{"class":188},[52,17812,17734],{"class":192},[52,17814,3420],{"class":188},[52,17816,152],{"class":66},[52,17818,3972],{"class":3971},[52,17820,80],{"class":66},[20,17822,17823],{},"This is useful when:",[154,17825,17826,17829,17832],{},[157,17827,17828],{},"You want to create the keys first",[157,17830,17831],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[157,17833,17834],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17836,347],{},[43,17838,17840],{"className":45,"code":17839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17841,17842,17874,17892,17896,17919,17942,17946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17843,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17845,17709],{"class":58},[52,17847,63],{"class":62},[52,17849,3743],{"class":66},[52,17851,189],{"class":188},[52,17853,8104],{"class":192},[52,17855,189],{"class":188},[52,17857,74],{"class":66},[52,17859,200],{"class":188},[52,17861,15373],{"class":192},[52,17863,189],{"class":188},[52,17865,74],{"class":66},[52,17867,200],{"class":188},[52,17869,17734],{"class":192},[52,17871,189],{"class":188},[52,17873,3756],{"class":66},[52,17875,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,17877,17743],{"class":58},[52,17879,63],{"class":62},[52,17881,9293],{"class":3020},[52,17883,89],{"class":66},[52,17885,17397],{"class":92},[52,17887,122],{"class":66},[52,17889,17756],{"class":92},[52,17891,127],{"class":66},[52,17893,17894],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17895,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,17897,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17917],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,17899,17771],{"class":58},[52,17901,4020],{"class":66},[52,17903,189],{"class":188},[52,17905,8104],{"class":192},[52,17907,189],{"class":188},[52,17909,13388],{"class":66},[52,17911,13391],{"class":62},[52,17913,200],{"class":188},[52,17915,17916],{"class":192},"alice",[52,17918,3479],{"class":188},[52,17920,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17940],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,17922,17771],{"class":58},[52,17924,4020],{"class":66},[52,17926,189],{"class":188},[52,17928,15373],{"class":192},[52,17930,189],{"class":188},[52,17932,13388],{"class":66},[52,17934,13391],{"class":62},[52,17936,200],{"class":188},[52,17938,17939],{"class":192},"alice@example.com",[52,17941,3479],{"class":188},[52,17943,17944],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,17945,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,17947,17948,17950,17952,17954],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,17949,119],{"class":118},[52,17951,122],{"class":66},[52,17953,17771],{"class":92},[52,17955,127],{"class":66},[20,17957,2193],{},[43,17959,17961],{"className":45,"code":17960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17962,17963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17964,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17966,9399],{"class":66},[52,17968,3420],{"class":188},[52,17970,8104],{"class":192},[52,17972,3420],{"class":188},[52,17974,152],{"class":66},[52,17976,3415],{"class":188},[52,17978,17916],{"class":192},[52,17980,3420],{"class":188},[52,17982,74],{"class":66},[52,17984,3415],{"class":188},[52,17986,15373],{"class":192},[52,17988,3420],{"class":188},[52,17990,152],{"class":66},[52,17992,3415],{"class":188},[52,17994,17939],{"class":192},[52,17996,3420],{"class":188},[52,17998,74],{"class":66},[52,18000,3415],{"class":188},[52,18002,17734],{"class":192},[52,18004,3420],{"class":188},[52,18006,152],{"class":66},[52,18008,3972],{"class":3971},[52,18010,80],{"class":66},[20,18012,18013,18014,89],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[30,18015,18017],{"href":18016},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[38,18019,18021],{"id":18020},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18023,18024],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[154,18026,18027,18032,18037],{},[157,18028,18029,18031],{},[15,18030,3906],{}," (list)",[157,18033,18034,18036],{},[15,18035,3911],{}," (dictionary)",[157,18038,18039,18041],{},[15,18040,3916],{}," (set)",[20,18043,18044,18045,89],{},"All keys will point to the ",[984,18046,18047],{},"same object",[1324,18049,18051],{"id":18050},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[43,18053,18055],{"className":45,"code":18054,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18056,18057,18089,18110,18114,18136,18140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18058,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18060,17356],{"class":58},[52,18062,63],{"class":62},[52,18064,3743],{"class":66},[52,18066,189],{"class":188},[52,18068,30],{"class":192},[52,18070,189],{"class":188},[52,18072,74],{"class":66},[52,18074,200],{"class":188},[52,18076,1393],{"class":192},[52,18078,189],{"class":188},[52,18080,74],{"class":66},[52,18082,200],{"class":188},[52,18084,1491],{"class":192},[52,18086,189],{"class":188},[52,18088,3756],{"class":66},[52,18090,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18092,9288],{"class":58},[52,18094,63],{"class":62},[52,18096,9293],{"class":3020},[52,18098,89],{"class":66},[52,18100,17397],{"class":92},[52,18102,122],{"class":66},[52,18104,17037],{"class":92},[52,18106,74],{"class":66},[52,18108,18109],{"class":66}," [])\n",[52,18111,18112],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18113,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,18115,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,18117,9327],{"class":58},[52,18119,4020],{"class":66},[52,18121,189],{"class":188},[52,18123,30],{"class":192},[52,18125,189],{"class":188},[52,18127,13665],{"class":66},[52,18129,13668],{"class":92},[52,18131,122],{"class":66},[52,18133,71],{"class":70},[52,18135,127],{"class":66},[52,18137,18138],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,18139,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,18141,18142,18144,18146,18148],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,18143,119],{"class":118},[52,18145,122],{"class":66},[52,18147,9327],{"class":92},[52,18149,127],{"class":66},[20,18151,2193],{},[43,18153,18155],{"className":45,"code":18154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18156,18157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18158,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18160,9399],{"class":66},[52,18162,3420],{"class":188},[52,18164,30],{"class":192},[52,18166,3420],{"class":188},[52,18168,152],{"class":66},[52,18170,3743],{"class":66},[52,18172,71],{"class":70},[52,18174,385],{"class":66},[52,18176,3415],{"class":188},[52,18178,1393],{"class":192},[52,18180,3420],{"class":188},[52,18182,152],{"class":66},[52,18184,3743],{"class":66},[52,18186,71],{"class":70},[52,18188,385],{"class":66},[52,18190,3415],{"class":188},[52,18192,1491],{"class":192},[52,18194,3420],{"class":188},[52,18196,152],{"class":66},[52,18198,3743],{"class":66},[52,18200,71],{"class":70},[52,18202,13821],{"class":66},[20,18204,18205,18206,18208],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18207,1003],{}," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1324,18210,18212],{"id":18211},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18214,18215,18218],{},[15,18216,18217],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18220,18221],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18223,18224],{},"So this:",[43,18226,18228],{"className":45,"code":18227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18229,18230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18231,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18233,9327],{"class":58},[52,18235,4020],{"class":66},[52,18237,189],{"class":188},[52,18239,30],{"class":192},[52,18241,189],{"class":188},[52,18243,13665],{"class":66},[52,18245,13668],{"class":92},[52,18247,122],{"class":66},[52,18249,71],{"class":70},[52,18251,127],{"class":66},[20,18253,18254,18255,89],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18256,1003],{},[1324,18258,18260],{"id":18259},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18262,18263],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[43,18265,18267],{"className":45,"code":18266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18268,18269,18301,18328,18332,18354,18358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18270,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18297,18299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18272,17356],{"class":58},[52,18274,63],{"class":62},[52,18276,3743],{"class":66},[52,18278,189],{"class":188},[52,18280,30],{"class":192},[52,18282,189],{"class":188},[52,18284,74],{"class":66},[52,18286,200],{"class":188},[52,18288,1393],{"class":192},[52,18290,189],{"class":188},[52,18292,74],{"class":66},[52,18294,200],{"class":188},[52,18296,1491],{"class":192},[52,18298,189],{"class":188},[52,18300,3756],{"class":66},[52,18302,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18316,18318,18321,18323,18326],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18304,9288],{"class":58},[52,18306,63],{"class":62},[52,18308,67],{"class":66},[52,18310,14956],{"class":58},[52,18312,152],{"class":66},[52,18314,18315],{"class":66}," []",[52,18317,3997],{"class":3996},[52,18319,18320],{"class":58}," key ",[52,18322,4003],{"class":3996},[52,18324,18325],{"class":58}," keys",[52,18327,80],{"class":66},[52,18329,18330],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18331,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,18333,18334,18336,18338,18340,18342,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,18335,9327],{"class":58},[52,18337,4020],{"class":66},[52,18339,189],{"class":188},[52,18341,30],{"class":192},[52,18343,189],{"class":188},[52,18345,13665],{"class":66},[52,18347,13668],{"class":92},[52,18349,122],{"class":66},[52,18351,71],{"class":70},[52,18353,127],{"class":66},[52,18355,18356],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,18357,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,18359,18360,18362,18364,18366],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,18361,119],{"class":118},[52,18363,122],{"class":66},[52,18365,9327],{"class":92},[52,18367,127],{"class":66},[20,18369,2193],{},[43,18371,18373],{"className":45,"code":18372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18374,18375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18376,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18378,9399],{"class":66},[52,18380,3420],{"class":188},[52,18382,30],{"class":192},[52,18384,3420],{"class":188},[52,18386,152],{"class":66},[52,18388,3743],{"class":66},[52,18390,71],{"class":70},[52,18392,385],{"class":66},[52,18394,3415],{"class":188},[52,18396,1393],{"class":192},[52,18398,3420],{"class":188},[52,18400,152],{"class":66},[52,18402,18403],{"class":66}," [],",[52,18405,3415],{"class":188},[52,18407,1491],{"class":192},[52,18409,3420],{"class":188},[52,18411,152],{"class":66},[52,18413,18414],{"class":66}," []}\n",[20,18416,18417],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18419,18420],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[38,18422,5078,18424],{"id":18423},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18425,17332],{},[20,18427,18428,18430],{},[15,18429,17337],{}," is a good choice when:",[154,18432,18433,18436,18439],{},[157,18434,18435],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[157,18437,18438],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[157,18440,18441],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18443,2249],{},[43,18445,18447],{"className":45,"code":18446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18448,18449,18494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18450,18451,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483,18486,18488,18490,18492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18452,18453],{"class":58},"flags ",[52,18455,63],{"class":62},[52,18457,9293],{"class":3020},[52,18459,89],{"class":66},[52,18461,17397],{"class":92},[52,18463,96],{"class":66},[52,18465,189],{"class":188},[52,18467,18468],{"class":192},"is_admin",[52,18470,189],{"class":188},[52,18472,74],{"class":66},[52,18474,200],{"class":188},[52,18476,15193],{"class":192},[52,18478,189],{"class":188},[52,18480,74],{"class":66},[52,18482,200],{"class":188},[52,18484,18485],{"class":192},"is_verified",[52,18487,189],{"class":188},[52,18489,385],{"class":66},[52,18491,4027],{"class":3971},[52,18493,127],{"class":66},[52,18495,18496,18498,18500,18503],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18497,119],{"class":118},[52,18499,122],{"class":66},[52,18501,18502],{"class":92},"flags",[52,18504,127],{"class":66},[43,18506,18508],{"className":45,"code":18507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18509,18510,18555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18511,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18529,18531,18533,18535,18538,18540,18542,18544,18547,18549,18551,18553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18513,5181],{"class":58},[52,18515,63],{"class":62},[52,18517,9293],{"class":3020},[52,18519,89],{"class":66},[52,18521,17397],{"class":92},[52,18523,96],{"class":66},[52,18525,189],{"class":188},[52,18527,18528],{"class":192},"math",[52,18530,189],{"class":188},[52,18532,74],{"class":66},[52,18534,200],{"class":188},[52,18536,18537],{"class":192},"science",[52,18539,189],{"class":188},[52,18541,74],{"class":66},[52,18543,200],{"class":188},[52,18545,18546],{"class":192},"history",[52,18548,189],{"class":188},[52,18550,385],{"class":66},[52,18552,3952],{"class":70},[52,18554,127],{"class":66},[52,18556,18557,18559,18561,18563],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18558,119],{"class":118},[52,18560,122],{"class":66},[52,18562,16502],{"class":92},[52,18564,127],{"class":66},[20,18566,18567,18568,18570],{},"It is ",[984,18569,986],{}," the best choice when:",[154,18572,18573,18576],{},[157,18574,18575],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[157,18577,18578],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[38,18580,18582,18584],{"id":18581},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18583,17332],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18586,18587,18589],{},[15,18588,17332],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1324,18591,8538,18593],{"id":18592},"using-fromkeys",[15,18594,17332],{},[43,18596,18598],{"className":45,"code":18597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18599,18600,18645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18601,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18619,18621,18623,18625,18628,18630,18632,18634,18637,18639,18641,18643],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18603,13941],{"class":58},[52,18605,63],{"class":62},[52,18607,9293],{"class":3020},[52,18609,89],{"class":66},[52,18611,17397],{"class":92},[52,18613,96],{"class":66},[52,18615,189],{"class":188},[52,18617,18618],{"class":192},"sound",[52,18620,189],{"class":188},[52,18622,74],{"class":66},[52,18624,200],{"class":188},[52,18626,18627],{"class":192},"music",[52,18629,189],{"class":188},[52,18631,74],{"class":66},[52,18633,200],{"class":188},[52,18635,18636],{"class":192},"notifications",[52,18638,189],{"class":188},[52,18640,385],{"class":66},[52,18642,4036],{"class":3971},[52,18644,127],{"class":66},[52,18646,18647,18649,18651,18653],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18648,119],{"class":118},[52,18650,122],{"class":66},[52,18652,14000],{"class":92},[52,18654,127],{"class":66},[1324,18656,18658],{"id":18657},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[43,18660,18662],{"className":45,"code":18661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18663,18664,18672,18686,18700,18712,18716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18665,18666,18668,18670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18667,13941],{"class":58},[52,18669,63],{"class":62},[52,18671,11610],{"class":66},[52,18673,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18675,11615],{"class":188},[52,18677,18618],{"class":192},[52,18679,189],{"class":188},[52,18681,152],{"class":66},[52,18683,4036],{"class":3971},[52,18685,11631],{"class":66},[52,18687,18688,18690,18692,18694,18696,18698],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18689,11615],{"class":188},[52,18691,18627],{"class":192},[52,18693,189],{"class":188},[52,18695,152],{"class":66},[52,18697,4027],{"class":3971},[52,18699,11631],{"class":66},[52,18701,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,18703,11615],{"class":188},[52,18705,18636],{"class":192},[52,18707,189],{"class":188},[52,18709,152],{"class":66},[52,18711,6543],{"class":3971},[52,18713,18714],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,18715,80],{"class":66},[52,18717,18718,18720,18722,18724],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,18719,119],{"class":118},[52,18721,122],{"class":66},[52,18723,14000],{"class":92},[52,18725,127],{"class":66},[20,18727,18728],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1324,18730,18732],{"id":18731},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[43,18734,18736],{"className":45,"code":18735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18737,18738,18770,18794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18739,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18741,17356],{"class":58},[52,18743,63],{"class":62},[52,18745,3743],{"class":66},[52,18747,189],{"class":188},[52,18749,30],{"class":192},[52,18751,189],{"class":188},[52,18753,74],{"class":66},[52,18755,200],{"class":188},[52,18757,1393],{"class":192},[52,18759,189],{"class":188},[52,18761,74],{"class":66},[52,18763,200],{"class":188},[52,18765,1491],{"class":192},[52,18767,189],{"class":188},[52,18769,3756],{"class":66},[52,18771,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18773,9288],{"class":58},[52,18775,63],{"class":62},[52,18777,67],{"class":66},[52,18779,14956],{"class":58},[52,18781,152],{"class":66},[52,18783,18315],{"class":66},[52,18785,3997],{"class":3996},[52,18787,18320],{"class":58},[52,18789,4003],{"class":3996},[52,18791,18325],{"class":58},[52,18793,80],{"class":66},[52,18795,18796,18798,18800,18802],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18797,119],{"class":118},[52,18799,122],{"class":66},[52,18801,9327],{"class":92},[52,18803,127],{"class":66},[20,18805,18806],{},"Use:",[154,18808,18809,18814,18817],{},[157,18810,18811,18813],{},[15,18812,17332],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[157,18815,18816],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[157,18818,18819],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18821,18822,18823,89],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[30,18824,10855,18825,10859],{"href":14148},[15,18826,17],{},[38,18828,2948],{"id":2947},[20,18830,14848,18831,89],{},[15,18832,17337],{},[1324,18834,18836],{"id":18835},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[43,18838,18840],{"className":45,"code":18839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18841,18842,18875,18898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18843,18844,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18845,18846],{"class":58},"d ",[52,18848,63],{"class":62},[52,18850,9293],{"class":3020},[52,18852,89],{"class":66},[52,18854,17397],{"class":92},[52,18856,96],{"class":66},[52,18858,189],{"class":188},[52,18860,30],{"class":192},[52,18862,189],{"class":188},[52,18864,74],{"class":66},[52,18866,200],{"class":188},[52,18868,1393],{"class":192},[52,18870,189],{"class":188},[52,18872,385],{"class":66},[52,18874,18109],{"class":66},[52,18876,18877,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18878,18879],{"class":58},"d",[52,18881,4020],{"class":66},[52,18883,189],{"class":188},[52,18885,30],{"class":192},[52,18887,189],{"class":188},[52,18889,13665],{"class":66},[52,18891,13668],{"class":92},[52,18893,122],{"class":66},[52,18895,71],{"class":70},[52,18897,127],{"class":66},[52,18899,18900,18902,18904,18906],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18901,119],{"class":118},[52,18903,122],{"class":66},[52,18905,18879],{"class":92},[52,18907,127],{"class":66},[20,18909,2193],{},[43,18911,18913],{"className":45,"code":18912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18914,18915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18916,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18918,9399],{"class":66},[52,18920,3420],{"class":188},[52,18922,30],{"class":192},[52,18924,3420],{"class":188},[52,18926,152],{"class":66},[52,18928,3743],{"class":66},[52,18930,71],{"class":70},[52,18932,385],{"class":66},[52,18934,3415],{"class":188},[52,18936,1393],{"class":192},[52,18938,3420],{"class":188},[52,18940,152],{"class":66},[52,18942,3743],{"class":66},[52,18944,71],{"class":70},[52,18946,13821],{"class":66},[20,18948,18949],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18951,18952],{},"Use this instead:",[43,18954,18956],{"className":45,"code":18955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18957,18958,18982,19006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18959,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18961,17356],{"class":58},[52,18963,63],{"class":62},[52,18965,3743],{"class":66},[52,18967,189],{"class":188},[52,18969,30],{"class":192},[52,18971,189],{"class":188},[52,18973,74],{"class":66},[52,18975,200],{"class":188},[52,18977,1393],{"class":192},[52,18979,189],{"class":188},[52,18981,3756],{"class":66},[52,18983,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,18985,18846],{"class":58},[52,18987,63],{"class":62},[52,18989,67],{"class":66},[52,18991,14956],{"class":58},[52,18993,152],{"class":66},[52,18995,18315],{"class":66},[52,18997,3997],{"class":3996},[52,18999,18320],{"class":58},[52,19001,4003],{"class":3996},[52,19003,18325],{"class":58},[52,19005,80],{"class":66},[52,19007,19008,19010,19012,19014],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19009,119],{"class":118},[52,19011,122],{"class":66},[52,19013,18879],{"class":92},[52,19015,127],{"class":66},[1324,19017,19019,19020,19022],{"id":19018},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19021,17332],{}," on a list",[20,19024,19025],{},"Wrong idea:",[43,19027,19029],{"className":45,"code":19028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19030,19031,19063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19032,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19034,17356],{"class":58},[52,19036,63],{"class":62},[52,19038,3743],{"class":66},[52,19040,189],{"class":188},[52,19042,30],{"class":192},[52,19044,189],{"class":188},[52,19046,74],{"class":66},[52,19048,200],{"class":188},[52,19050,1393],{"class":192},[52,19052,189],{"class":188},[52,19054,74],{"class":66},[52,19056,200],{"class":188},[52,19058,1491],{"class":192},[52,19060,189],{"class":188},[52,19062,3756],{"class":66},[52,19064,19065],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19066,19067],{"class":133},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19069,19070,19072,19073,19075,19076,89],{},[15,19071,17332],{}," belongs to ",[15,19074,8943],{},", not ",[15,19077,8213],{},[20,19079,522],{},[43,19081,19083],{"className":45,"code":19082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19084,19085,19117,19139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19086,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19088,17356],{"class":58},[52,19090,63],{"class":62},[52,19092,3743],{"class":66},[52,19094,189],{"class":188},[52,19096,30],{"class":192},[52,19098,189],{"class":188},[52,19100,74],{"class":66},[52,19102,200],{"class":188},[52,19104,1393],{"class":192},[52,19106,189],{"class":188},[52,19108,74],{"class":66},[52,19110,200],{"class":188},[52,19112,1491],{"class":192},[52,19114,189],{"class":188},[52,19116,3756],{"class":66},[52,19118,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19120,18846],{"class":58},[52,19122,63],{"class":62},[52,19124,9293],{"class":3020},[52,19126,89],{"class":66},[52,19128,17397],{"class":92},[52,19130,122],{"class":66},[52,19132,17037],{"class":92},[52,19134,74],{"class":66},[52,19136,3952],{"class":70},[52,19138,127],{"class":66},[52,19140,19141,19143,19145,19147],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19142,119],{"class":118},[52,19144,122],{"class":66},[52,19146,18879],{"class":92},[52,19148,127],{"class":66},[1324,19150,8574,19152,19154],{"id":19151},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19153,17332],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19156,19157,19159],{},[15,19158,17337],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[43,19161,19163],{"className":45,"code":19162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19164,19165,19185,19219,19223,19233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19166,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19168,12202],{"class":58},[52,19170,63],{"class":62},[52,19172,67],{"class":66},[52,19174,189],{"class":188},[52,19176,930],{"class":192},[52,19178,189],{"class":188},[52,19180,152],{"class":66},[52,19182,5616],{"class":70},[52,19184,80],{"class":66},[52,19186,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19188,13155],{"class":58},[52,19190,63],{"class":62},[52,19192,9293],{"class":3020},[52,19194,89],{"class":66},[52,19196,17397],{"class":92},[52,19198,96],{"class":66},[52,19200,189],{"class":188},[52,19202,30],{"class":192},[52,19204,189],{"class":188},[52,19206,74],{"class":66},[52,19208,200],{"class":188},[52,19210,1393],{"class":192},[52,19212,189],{"class":188},[52,19214,385],{"class":66},[52,19216,3952],{"class":70},[52,19218,127],{"class":66},[52,19220,19221],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19222,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,19224,19225,19227,19229,19231],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,19226,119],{"class":118},[52,19228,122],{"class":66},[52,19230,12249],{"class":92},[52,19232,127],{"class":66},[52,19234,19235,19237,19239,19242],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,19236,119],{"class":118},[52,19238,122],{"class":66},[52,19240,19241],{"class":92},"new_dict",[52,19243,127],{"class":66},[20,19245,2193],{},[43,19247,19249],{"className":45,"code":19248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19250,19251,19267],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19252,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19254,9399],{"class":66},[52,19256,3420],{"class":188},[52,19258,930],{"class":192},[52,19260,3420],{"class":188},[52,19262,152],{"class":66},[52,19264,5616],{"class":70},[52,19266,80],{"class":66},[52,19268,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19270,9399],{"class":66},[52,19272,3420],{"class":188},[52,19274,30],{"class":192},[52,19276,3420],{"class":188},[52,19278,152],{"class":66},[52,19280,3952],{"class":70},[52,19282,74],{"class":66},[52,19284,3415],{"class":188},[52,19286,1393],{"class":192},[52,19288,3420],{"class":188},[52,19290,152],{"class":66},[52,19292,3952],{"class":70},[52,19294,80],{"class":66},[20,19296,19297,19298,89],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[30,19299,10855,19300,10859],{"href":14148},[15,19301,17],{},[1324,19303,19305,19306],{"id":19304},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19307,445],{},[43,19309,19311],{"className":45,"code":19310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19312,19313,19343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19314,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19316,18846],{"class":58},[52,19318,63],{"class":62},[52,19320,9293],{"class":3020},[52,19322,89],{"class":66},[52,19324,17397],{"class":92},[52,19326,96],{"class":66},[52,19328,189],{"class":188},[52,19330,930],{"class":192},[52,19332,189],{"class":188},[52,19334,74],{"class":66},[52,19336,200],{"class":188},[52,19338,11861],{"class":192},[52,19340,189],{"class":188},[52,19342,112],{"class":66},[52,19344,19345,19347,19349,19351],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19346,119],{"class":118},[52,19348,122],{"class":66},[52,19350,18879],{"class":92},[52,19352,127],{"class":66},[20,19354,2193],{},[43,19356,19358],{"className":45,"code":19357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19359,19360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19361,19362,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19363,9399],{"class":66},[52,19365,3420],{"class":188},[52,19367,930],{"class":192},[52,19369,3420],{"class":188},[52,19371,152],{"class":66},[52,19373,3972],{"class":3971},[52,19375,74],{"class":66},[52,19377,3415],{"class":188},[52,19379,11861],{"class":192},[52,19381,3420],{"class":188},[52,19383,152],{"class":66},[52,19385,3972],{"class":3971},[52,19387,80],{"class":66},[20,19389,19390,19391,89],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19392,445],{},[38,19394,19396],{"id":19395},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19398,19399,19400,19402],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19401,17332],{}," works.",[43,19404,19406],{"className":45,"code":19405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19407,19408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19409,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19411,119],{"class":118},[52,19413,122],{"class":66},[52,19415,8943],{"class":3020},[52,19417,89],{"class":66},[52,19419,17397],{"class":92},[52,19421,96],{"class":66},[52,19423,189],{"class":188},[52,19425,30],{"class":192},[52,19427,189],{"class":188},[52,19429,74],{"class":66},[52,19431,200],{"class":188},[52,19433,1393],{"class":192},[52,19435,189],{"class":188},[52,19437,385],{"class":66},[52,19439,3952],{"class":70},[52,19441,2150],{"class":66},[43,19443,19444],{"className":45,"code":19310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19445,19446,19476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19447,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19449,18846],{"class":58},[52,19451,63],{"class":62},[52,19453,9293],{"class":3020},[52,19455,89],{"class":66},[52,19457,17397],{"class":92},[52,19459,96],{"class":66},[52,19461,189],{"class":188},[52,19463,930],{"class":192},[52,19465,189],{"class":188},[52,19467,74],{"class":66},[52,19469,200],{"class":188},[52,19471,11861],{"class":192},[52,19473,189],{"class":188},[52,19475,112],{"class":66},[52,19477,19478,19480,19482,19484],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19479,119],{"class":118},[52,19481,122],{"class":66},[52,19483,18879],{"class":92},[52,19485,127],{"class":66},[43,19487,19488],{"className":45,"code":18839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19489,19490,19522,19544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19491,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19493,18846],{"class":58},[52,19495,63],{"class":62},[52,19497,9293],{"class":3020},[52,19499,89],{"class":66},[52,19501,17397],{"class":92},[52,19503,96],{"class":66},[52,19505,189],{"class":188},[52,19507,30],{"class":192},[52,19509,189],{"class":188},[52,19511,74],{"class":66},[52,19513,200],{"class":188},[52,19515,1393],{"class":192},[52,19517,189],{"class":188},[52,19519,385],{"class":66},[52,19521,18109],{"class":66},[52,19523,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19525,18879],{"class":58},[52,19527,4020],{"class":66},[52,19529,189],{"class":188},[52,19531,30],{"class":192},[52,19533,189],{"class":188},[52,19535,13665],{"class":66},[52,19537,13668],{"class":92},[52,19539,122],{"class":66},[52,19541,71],{"class":70},[52,19543,127],{"class":66},[52,19545,19546,19548,19550,19552],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19547,119],{"class":118},[52,19549,122],{"class":66},[52,19551,18879],{"class":92},[52,19553,127],{"class":66},[43,19555,19557],{"className":45,"code":19556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19558,19559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19560,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19562,119],{"class":118},[52,19564,122],{"class":66},[52,19566,3340],{"class":3020},[52,19568,122],{"class":66},[52,19570,8943],{"class":3020},[52,19572,89],{"class":66},[52,19574,17397],{"class":92},[52,19576,96],{"class":66},[52,19578,71],{"class":70},[52,19580,74],{"class":66},[52,19582,77],{"class":70},[52,19584,74],{"class":66},[52,19586,104],{"class":70},[52,19588,385],{"class":66},[52,19590,200],{"class":188},[52,19592,2593],{"class":192},[52,19594,189],{"class":188},[52,19596,3031],{"class":66},[38,19598,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,19600,1937,19602,19604],{"id":19601},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19603,17332],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19606,19607],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1324,19609,19611],{"id":19610},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19613,19614,19615,89],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19616,445],{},[1324,19618,19620],{"id":19619},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19622,19623],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1324,19625,19627],{"id":19626},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19629,18263],{},[43,19631,19633],{"className":45,"code":19632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19634,19635,19667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19636,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19638,17356],{"class":58},[52,19640,63],{"class":62},[52,19642,3743],{"class":66},[52,19644,189],{"class":188},[52,19646,30],{"class":192},[52,19648,189],{"class":188},[52,19650,74],{"class":66},[52,19652,200],{"class":188},[52,19654,1393],{"class":192},[52,19656,189],{"class":188},[52,19658,74],{"class":66},[52,19660,200],{"class":188},[52,19662,1491],{"class":192},[52,19664,189],{"class":188},[52,19666,3756],{"class":66},[52,19668,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19670,9288],{"class":58},[52,19672,63],{"class":62},[52,19674,67],{"class":66},[52,19676,14956],{"class":58},[52,19678,152],{"class":66},[52,19680,18315],{"class":66},[52,19682,3997],{"class":3996},[52,19684,18320],{"class":58},[52,19686,4003],{"class":3996},[52,19688,18325],{"class":58},[52,19690,80],{"class":66},[38,19692,1996],{"id":1995},[154,19694,19695,19699,19703,19707,19713],{},[157,19696,19697],{},[30,19698,11360],{"href":13143},[157,19700,19701],{},[30,19702,9278],{"href":13140},[157,19704,19705],{},[30,19706,11369],{"href":18016},[157,19708,19709],{},[30,19710,10855,19711,10859],{"href":14148},[15,19712,17],{},[157,19714,19715],{},[30,19716,10855,19717,10859],{"href":15113},[15,19718,12893],{},[20,19720,137,19721,19723],{},[15,19722,17337],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2044,19725,19726],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":19728},[19729,19730,19732,19736,19737,19739,19744,19746,19753,19762,19763,19770],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":17437,"depth":83,"text":19731},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17481,"depth":83,"text":17482,"children":19733},[19734,19735],{"id":17508,"depth":115,"text":17509},{"id":17532,"depth":115,"text":17533},{"id":5905,"depth":83,"text":5906},{"id":17691,"depth":83,"text":19738},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18020,"depth":83,"text":18021,"children":19740},[19741,19742,19743],{"id":18050,"depth":115,"text":18051},{"id":18211,"depth":115,"text":18212},{"id":18259,"depth":115,"text":18260},{"id":18423,"depth":83,"text":19745},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18581,"depth":83,"text":19747,"children":19748},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19749,19751,19752],{"id":18592,"depth":115,"text":19750},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18657,"depth":115,"text":18658},{"id":18731,"depth":115,"text":18732},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":19754},[19755,19756,19758,19760],{"id":18835,"depth":115,"text":18836},{"id":19018,"depth":115,"text":19757},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19151,"depth":115,"text":19759},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19304,"depth":115,"text":19761},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19395,"depth":83,"text":19396},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":19764},[19765,19767,19768,19769],{"id":19601,"depth":115,"text":19766},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19610,"depth":115,"text":19611},{"id":19619,"depth":115,"text":19620},{"id":19626,"depth":115,"text":19627},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17324,"description":19771},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19778,"title":19779,"body":19780,"description":21609,"extension":2083,"meta":21610,"navigation":240,"path":21611,"seo":21612,"stem":21613,"__hash__":21614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19781,"toc":21576},[19782,19787,19793,19804,19934,19941,19946,19950,19966,19968,20066,20069,20086,20090,20092,20097,20135,20138,20156,20158,20276,20281,20285,20301,20304,20440,20443,20448,20454,20457,20494,20497,20501,20506,20582,20586,20591,20673,20675,20691,20696,20700,20706,20775,20778,20795,20798,20880,20886,20889,20909,20913,20918,20924,20930,21001,21004,21010,21013,21087,21093,21099,21107,21117,21119,21214,21220,21225,21312,21318,21320,21325,21347,21350,21445,21448,21479,21492,21494,21502,21508,21514,21517,21523,21528,21535,21540,21542,21573],[10,19783,11436,19785,18],{"id":19784},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19786,10858],{},[20,19788,19789,19790,19792],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19791,10858],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19794,19795,19796,2311,19799,442,19801,19803],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19797,19798],{},"KeyError",[15,19800,10858],{},[15,19802,445],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[43,19805,19807],{"className":45,"code":19806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19808,19809,19845,19849,19875,19900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19810,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19812,13319],{"class":58},[52,19814,63],{"class":62},[52,19816,67],{"class":66},[52,19818,189],{"class":188},[52,19820,7786],{"class":192},[52,19822,189],{"class":188},[52,19824,152],{"class":66},[52,19826,200],{"class":188},[52,19828,12997],{"class":192},[52,19830,189],{"class":188},[52,19832,74],{"class":66},[52,19834,200],{"class":188},[52,19836,9420],{"class":192},[52,19838,189],{"class":188},[52,19840,152],{"class":66},[52,19842,9427],{"class":70},[52,19844,80],{"class":66},[52,19846,19847],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,19848,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,19850,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19852,119],{"class":118},[52,19854,122],{"class":66},[52,19856,17421],{"class":92},[52,19858,89],{"class":66},[52,19860,19861],{"class":92},"get",[52,19863,122],{"class":66},[52,19865,189],{"class":188},[52,19867,7786],{"class":192},[52,19869,189],{"class":188},[52,19871,5479],{"class":66},[52,19873,19874],{"class":133},"           # Ana\n",[52,19876,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,19878,119],{"class":118},[52,19880,122],{"class":66},[52,19882,17421],{"class":92},[52,19884,89],{"class":66},[52,19886,19861],{"class":92},[52,19888,122],{"class":66},[52,19890,189],{"class":188},[52,19892,10528],{"class":192},[52,19894,189],{"class":188},[52,19896,5479],{"class":66},[52,19898,19899],{"class":133},"           # None\n",[52,19901,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19927,19929,19931],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,19903,119],{"class":118},[52,19905,122],{"class":66},[52,19907,17421],{"class":92},[52,19909,89],{"class":66},[52,19911,19861],{"class":92},[52,19913,122],{"class":66},[52,19915,189],{"class":188},[52,19917,10528],{"class":192},[52,19919,189],{"class":188},[52,19921,74],{"class":66},[52,19923,200],{"class":188},[52,19925,19926],{"class":192},"N\u002FA",[52,19928,189],{"class":188},[52,19930,5479],{"class":66},[52,19932,19933],{"class":133},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19935,137,19936,19938,19939,89],{},[15,19937,10858],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19940,19798],{},[38,19942,144,19944,147],{"id":19943},"what-get-does",[15,19945,10858],{},[20,19947,2100,19948,11530],{},[15,19949,10858],{},[154,19951,19952,19955,19960,19963],{},[157,19953,19954],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[157,19956,1335,19957,19959],{},[15,19958,445],{}," if the key does not exist",[157,19961,19962],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[157,19964,19965],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19967,347],{},[43,19969,19971],{"className":45,"code":19970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19972,19973,20012,20016,20041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19974,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19994,19996,19998,20000,20003,20005,20007,20010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19976,12980],{"class":58},[52,19978,63],{"class":62},[52,19980,67],{"class":66},[52,19982,189],{"class":188},[52,19984,7786],{"class":192},[52,19986,189],{"class":188},[52,19988,152],{"class":66},[52,19990,200],{"class":188},[52,19992,19993],{"class":192},"Lina",[52,19995,189],{"class":188},[52,19997,74],{"class":66},[52,19999,200],{"class":188},[52,20001,20002],{"class":192},"grade",[52,20004,189],{"class":188},[52,20006,152],{"class":66},[52,20008,20009],{"class":70}," 90",[52,20011,80],{"class":66},[52,20013,20014],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20015,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20017,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20019,119],{"class":118},[52,20021,122],{"class":66},[52,20023,13741],{"class":92},[52,20025,89],{"class":66},[52,20027,19861],{"class":92},[52,20029,122],{"class":66},[52,20031,189],{"class":188},[52,20033,7786],{"class":192},[52,20035,189],{"class":188},[52,20037,5479],{"class":66},[52,20039,20040],{"class":133},"     # Lina\n",[52,20042,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,20044,119],{"class":118},[52,20046,122],{"class":66},[52,20048,13741],{"class":92},[52,20050,89],{"class":66},[52,20052,19861],{"class":92},[52,20054,122],{"class":66},[52,20056,189],{"class":188},[52,20058,15373],{"class":192},[52,20060,189],{"class":188},[52,20062,5479],{"class":66},[52,20064,20065],{"class":133},"    # None\n",[20,20067,20068],{},"In this example:",[154,20070,20071,20076],{},[157,20072,20073,20075],{},[15,20074,15354],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[157,20077,20078,20081,20082,442,20084],{},[15,20079,20080],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20083,10858],{},[15,20085,445],{},[20,20087,13137,20088,89],{},[30,20089,9278],{"href":9277},[38,20091,268],{"id":267},[20,20093,20094,20095,152],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20096,10858],{},[43,20098,20100],{"className":45,"code":20099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20101,20102,20116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20103,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20105,15719],{"class":58},[52,20107,89],{"class":66},[52,20109,19861],{"class":92},[52,20111,122],{"class":66},[52,20113,14956],{"class":92},[52,20115,127],{"class":66},[52,20117,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130,20133],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20119,15719],{"class":58},[52,20121,89],{"class":66},[52,20123,19861],{"class":92},[52,20125,122],{"class":66},[52,20127,14956],{"class":92},[52,20129,74],{"class":66},[52,20131,20132],{"class":92}," default_value",[52,20134,127],{"class":66},[20,20136,20137],{},"What each part means:",[154,20139,20140,20145,20151],{},[157,20141,20142,20144],{},[15,20143,14956],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[157,20146,20147,20150],{},[15,20148,20149],{},"default_value"," is optional",[157,20152,20153,20154],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20155,445],{},[20,20157,347],{},[43,20159,20161],{"className":45,"code":20160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20162,20163,20187,20191,20216,20242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20164,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20166,13941],{"class":58},[52,20168,63],{"class":62},[52,20170,67],{"class":66},[52,20172,189],{"class":188},[52,20174,12611],{"class":192},[52,20176,189],{"class":188},[52,20178,152],{"class":66},[52,20180,200],{"class":188},[52,20182,12620],{"class":192},[52,20184,189],{"class":188},[52,20186,80],{"class":66},[52,20188,20189],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20190,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20192,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20194,119],{"class":118},[52,20196,122],{"class":66},[52,20198,14000],{"class":92},[52,20200,89],{"class":66},[52,20202,19861],{"class":92},[52,20204,122],{"class":66},[52,20206,189],{"class":188},[52,20208,12611],{"class":192},[52,20210,189],{"class":188},[52,20212,5479],{"class":66},[52,20214,20215],{"class":133},"            # dark\n",[52,20217,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20235,20237,20239],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,20219,119],{"class":118},[52,20221,122],{"class":66},[52,20223,14000],{"class":92},[52,20225,89],{"class":66},[52,20227,19861],{"class":92},[52,20229,122],{"class":66},[52,20231,189],{"class":188},[52,20233,20234],{"class":192},"language",[52,20236,189],{"class":188},[52,20238,5479],{"class":66},[52,20240,20241],{"class":133},"         # None\n",[52,20243,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20269,20271,20273],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,20245,119],{"class":118},[52,20247,122],{"class":66},[52,20249,14000],{"class":92},[52,20251,89],{"class":66},[52,20253,19861],{"class":92},[52,20255,122],{"class":66},[52,20257,189],{"class":188},[52,20259,20234],{"class":192},[52,20261,189],{"class":188},[52,20263,74],{"class":66},[52,20265,200],{"class":188},[52,20267,20268],{"class":192},"en",[52,20270,189],{"class":188},[52,20272,5479],{"class":66},[52,20274,20275],{"class":133},"   # en\n",[38,20277,5078,20279],{"id":20278},"when-to-use-get",[15,20280,10858],{},[20,20282,137,20283,10719],{},[15,20284,10858],{},[154,20286,20287,20290,20295,20298],{},[157,20288,20289],{},"A key might not exist",[157,20291,20292,20293],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20294,19798],{},[157,20296,20297],{},"You are reading optional data",[157,20299,20300],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20302,20303],{},"Example with optional user data:",[43,20305,20307],{"className":45,"code":20306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20308,20309,20351,20355,20380,20406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20310,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20347,20349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20312,11605],{"class":58},[52,20314,63],{"class":62},[52,20316,67],{"class":66},[52,20318,189],{"class":188},[52,20320,8104],{"class":192},[52,20322,189],{"class":188},[52,20324,152],{"class":66},[52,20326,200],{"class":188},[52,20328,20329],{"class":192},"sam",[52,20331,189],{"class":188},[52,20333,74],{"class":66},[52,20335,200],{"class":188},[52,20337,15373],{"class":192},[52,20339,189],{"class":188},[52,20341,152],{"class":66},[52,20343,200],{"class":188},[52,20345,20346],{"class":192},"sam@example.com",[52,20348,189],{"class":188},[52,20350,80],{"class":66},[52,20352,20353],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20354,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20356,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20358,119],{"class":118},[52,20360,122],{"class":66},[52,20362,11699],{"class":92},[52,20364,89],{"class":66},[52,20366,19861],{"class":92},[52,20368,122],{"class":66},[52,20370,189],{"class":188},[52,20372,8104],{"class":192},[52,20374,189],{"class":188},[52,20376,5479],{"class":66},[52,20378,20379],{"class":133},"              # sam\n",[52,20381,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20399,20401,20403],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,20383,119],{"class":118},[52,20385,122],{"class":66},[52,20387,11699],{"class":92},[52,20389,89],{"class":66},[52,20391,19861],{"class":92},[52,20393,122],{"class":66},[52,20395,189],{"class":188},[52,20397,20398],{"class":192},"phone",[52,20400,189],{"class":188},[52,20402,5479],{"class":66},[52,20404,20405],{"class":133},"                 # None\n",[52,20407,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20433,20435,20437],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,20409,119],{"class":118},[52,20411,122],{"class":66},[52,20413,11699],{"class":92},[52,20415,89],{"class":66},[52,20417,19861],{"class":92},[52,20419,122],{"class":66},[52,20421,189],{"class":188},[52,20423,20398],{"class":192},[52,20425,189],{"class":188},[52,20427,74],{"class":66},[52,20429,200],{"class":188},[52,20431,20432],{"class":192},"Not provided",[52,20434,189],{"class":188},[52,20436,5479],{"class":66},[52,20438,20439],{"class":133}," # Not provided\n",[20,20441,20442],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20444,20445,20446,89],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[30,20447,16711],{"href":16710},[38,20449,20451,20453],{"id":20450},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20452,10858],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20455,20456],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[43,20458,20460],{"className":45,"code":20459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20461,20462,20476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20463,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20465,9327],{"class":58},[52,20467,4020],{"class":66},[52,20469,189],{"class":188},[52,20471,14956],{"class":192},[52,20473,189],{"class":188},[52,20475,3756],{"class":66},[52,20477,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20479,9327],{"class":58},[52,20481,89],{"class":66},[52,20483,19861],{"class":92},[52,20485,122],{"class":66},[52,20487,189],{"class":188},[52,20489,14956],{"class":192},[52,20491,189],{"class":188},[52,20493,127],{"class":66},[20,20495,20496],{},"The difference is important.",[1324,20498,20500],{"id":20499},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20502,20503,20504,89],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20505,19798],{},[43,20507,20509],{"className":45,"code":20508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20510,20511,20535,20539,20561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20512,20513,20515,20517,20519,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20531,20533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20514,9288],{"class":58},[52,20516,63],{"class":62},[52,20518,67],{"class":66},[52,20520,189],{"class":188},[52,20522,7786],{"class":192},[52,20524,189],{"class":188},[52,20526,152],{"class":66},[52,20528,200],{"class":188},[52,20530,12997],{"class":192},[52,20532,189],{"class":188},[52,20534,80],{"class":66},[52,20536,20537],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20538,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20540,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20558],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20542,119],{"class":118},[52,20544,122],{"class":66},[52,20546,9327],{"class":92},[52,20548,4020],{"class":66},[52,20550,189],{"class":188},[52,20552,7786],{"class":192},[52,20554,189],{"class":188},[52,20556,20557],{"class":66},"])",[52,20559,20560],{"class":133},"   # Ana\n",[52,20562,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,20564,119],{"class":118},[52,20566,122],{"class":66},[52,20568,9327],{"class":92},[52,20570,4020],{"class":66},[52,20572,189],{"class":188},[52,20574,10528],{"class":192},[52,20576,189],{"class":188},[52,20578,20557],{"class":66},[52,20580,20581],{"class":133},"   # KeyError\n",[1324,20583,20584],{"id":19861},[15,20585,10858],{},[20,20587,20588,20590],{},[15,20589,10858],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[43,20592,20594],{"className":45,"code":20593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20595,20596,20620,20624,20648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20597,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20599,9288],{"class":58},[52,20601,63],{"class":62},[52,20603,67],{"class":66},[52,20605,189],{"class":188},[52,20607,7786],{"class":192},[52,20609,189],{"class":188},[52,20611,152],{"class":66},[52,20613,200],{"class":188},[52,20615,12997],{"class":192},[52,20617,189],{"class":188},[52,20619,80],{"class":66},[52,20621,20622],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20623,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20625,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20627,119],{"class":118},[52,20629,122],{"class":66},[52,20631,9327],{"class":92},[52,20633,89],{"class":66},[52,20635,19861],{"class":92},[52,20637,122],{"class":66},[52,20639,189],{"class":188},[52,20641,7786],{"class":192},[52,20643,189],{"class":188},[52,20645,5479],{"class":66},[52,20647,20560],{"class":133},[52,20649,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,20651,119],{"class":118},[52,20653,122],{"class":66},[52,20655,9327],{"class":92},[52,20657,89],{"class":66},[52,20659,19861],{"class":92},[52,20661,122],{"class":66},[52,20663,189],{"class":188},[52,20665,10528],{"class":192},[52,20667,189],{"class":188},[52,20669,5479],{"class":66},[52,20671,20672],{"class":133},"   # None\n",[20,20674,18806],{},[154,20676,20677,20683],{},[157,20678,20679,20680],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[984,20681,20682],{},"must exist",[157,20684,20685,20687,20688],{},[15,20686,10858],{}," when the key is ",[984,20689,20690],{},"optional",[20,20692,20693,20694,89],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[30,20695,11380],{"href":11192},[38,20697,20699],{"id":20698},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20701,20702,20703,20705],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20704,10858],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[43,20707,20709],{"className":45,"code":20708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20710,20711,20736,20740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20712,20713,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20714,20715],{"class":58},"profile ",[52,20717,63],{"class":62},[52,20719,67],{"class":66},[52,20721,189],{"class":188},[52,20723,7786],{"class":192},[52,20725,189],{"class":188},[52,20727,152],{"class":66},[52,20729,200],{"class":188},[52,20731,8040],{"class":192},[52,20733,189],{"class":188},[52,20735,80],{"class":66},[52,20737,20738],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20739,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20741,20742,20744,20746,20749,20751,20753,20755,20757,20759,20761,20763,20765,20768,20770,20772],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20743,119],{"class":118},[52,20745,122],{"class":66},[52,20747,20748],{"class":92},"profile",[52,20750,89],{"class":66},[52,20752,19861],{"class":92},[52,20754,122],{"class":66},[52,20756,189],{"class":188},[52,20758,15376],{"class":192},[52,20760,189],{"class":188},[52,20762,74],{"class":66},[52,20764,200],{"class":188},[52,20766,20767],{"class":192},"Unknown",[52,20769,189],{"class":188},[52,20771,5479],{"class":66},[52,20773,20774],{"class":133},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20776,20777],{},"This is useful for display text:",[154,20779,20780,20785,20790],{},[157,20781,20782],{},[15,20783,20784],{},"\"Unknown\"",[157,20786,20787],{},[15,20788,20789],{},"\"Not set\"",[157,20791,20792],{},[15,20793,20794],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20796,20797],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[43,20799,20801],{"className":45,"code":20800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20802,20803,20835,20839,20866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20804,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20806,5181],{"class":58},[52,20808,63],{"class":62},[52,20810,67],{"class":66},[52,20812,189],{"class":188},[52,20814,18528],{"class":192},[52,20816,189],{"class":188},[52,20818,152],{"class":66},[52,20820,6124],{"class":70},[52,20822,74],{"class":66},[52,20824,200],{"class":188},[52,20826,18537],{"class":192},[52,20828,189],{"class":188},[52,20830,152],{"class":66},[52,20832,6480],{"class":70},[52,20834,80],{"class":66},[52,20836,20837],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20838,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20840,20841,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20842,20843],{"class":58},"total_history ",[52,20845,63],{"class":62},[52,20847,5228],{"class":58},[52,20849,89],{"class":66},[52,20851,19861],{"class":92},[52,20853,122],{"class":66},[52,20855,189],{"class":188},[52,20857,18546],{"class":192},[52,20859,189],{"class":188},[52,20861,74],{"class":66},[52,20863,3952],{"class":70},[52,20865,127],{"class":66},[52,20867,20868,20870,20872,20875,20877],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,20869,119],{"class":118},[52,20871,122],{"class":66},[52,20873,20874],{"class":92},"total_history",[52,20876,3782],{"class":66},[52,20878,20879],{"class":133},"   # 0\n",[20,20881,20882,20883,20885],{},"Here, ",[15,20884,2243],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20887,20888],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[154,20890,20891,20894,20899,20904],{},[157,20892,20893],{},"Use a string for text",[157,20895,137,20896,20898],{},[15,20897,2243],{}," for numbers",[157,20900,137,20901,20903],{},[15,20902,3906],{}," for lists if needed",[157,20905,137,20906,20908],{},[15,20907,3911],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[38,20910,20912],{"id":20911},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20914,20915,20916,89],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20917,10858],{},[1324,20919,20921,20923],{"id":20920},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20922,10858],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20925,20926,20927,20929],{},"This code does ",[984,20928,986],{}," create a new key:",[43,20931,20933],{"className":45,"code":20932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20934,20935,20959,20963,20988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20936,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953,20955,20957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20938,13319],{"class":58},[52,20940,63],{"class":62},[52,20942,67],{"class":66},[52,20944,189],{"class":188},[52,20946,7786],{"class":192},[52,20948,189],{"class":188},[52,20950,152],{"class":66},[52,20952,200],{"class":188},[52,20954,12997],{"class":192},[52,20956,189],{"class":188},[52,20958,80],{"class":66},[52,20960,20961],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,20962,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,20964,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20966,119],{"class":118},[52,20968,122],{"class":66},[52,20970,17421],{"class":92},[52,20972,89],{"class":66},[52,20974,19861],{"class":92},[52,20976,122],{"class":66},[52,20978,189],{"class":188},[52,20980,10528],{"class":192},[52,20982,189],{"class":188},[52,20984,5479],{"class":66},[52,20986,20987],{"class":133},"  # None\n",[52,20989,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,20991,119],{"class":118},[52,20993,122],{"class":66},[52,20995,17421],{"class":92},[52,20997,3782],{"class":66},[52,20999,21000],{"class":133},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21002,21003],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1324,21005,21007,21009],{"id":21006},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21008,10858],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21011,21012],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[43,21014,21016],{"className":45,"code":21015,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21017,21018,21044,21048,21074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21019,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21031,21033,21035,21037,21040,21042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21021,13941],{"class":58},[52,21023,63],{"class":62},[52,21025,67],{"class":66},[52,21027,189],{"class":188},[52,21029,21030],{"class":192},"mode",[52,21032,189],{"class":188},[52,21034,152],{"class":66},[52,21036,200],{"class":188},[52,21038,21039],{"class":192},"light",[52,21041,189],{"class":188},[52,21043,80],{"class":66},[52,21045,21046],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21047,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,21049,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21051,14000],{"class":58},[52,21053,89],{"class":66},[52,21055,19861],{"class":92},[52,21057,122],{"class":66},[52,21059,189],{"class":188},[52,21061,12611],{"class":192},[52,21063,189],{"class":188},[52,21065,74],{"class":66},[52,21067,200],{"class":188},[52,21069,12620],{"class":192},[52,21071,189],{"class":188},[52,21073,127],{"class":66},[52,21075,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,21077,119],{"class":118},[52,21079,122],{"class":66},[52,21081,14000],{"class":92},[52,21083,3782],{"class":66},[52,21085,21086],{"class":133},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21088,260,21089,21092],{},[15,21090,21091],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1324,21094,21096,21097],{"id":21095},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21098,445],{},[20,21100,21101,21102,442,21104,21106],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21103,10858],{},[15,21105,445],{}," because:",[154,21108,21109,21112],{},[157,21110,21111],{},"The key is missing, or",[157,21113,21114,21115],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21116,445],{},[20,21118,347],{},[43,21120,21122],{"className":45,"code":21121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21123,21124,21161,21165,21189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21125,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21153,21155,21157,21159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21127,9288],{"class":58},[52,21129,63],{"class":62},[52,21131,67],{"class":66},[52,21133,189],{"class":188},[52,21135,7786],{"class":192},[52,21137,189],{"class":188},[52,21139,152],{"class":66},[52,21141,200],{"class":188},[52,21143,12997],{"class":192},[52,21145,189],{"class":188},[52,21147,74],{"class":66},[52,21149,200],{"class":188},[52,21151,21152],{"class":192},"nickname",[52,21154,189],{"class":188},[52,21156,152],{"class":66},[52,21158,3972],{"class":3971},[52,21160,80],{"class":66},[52,21162,21163],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21164,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,21166,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21168,119],{"class":118},[52,21170,122],{"class":66},[52,21172,9327],{"class":92},[52,21174,89],{"class":66},[52,21176,19861],{"class":92},[52,21178,122],{"class":66},[52,21180,189],{"class":188},[52,21182,21152],{"class":192},[52,21184,189],{"class":188},[52,21186,5479],{"class":66},[52,21188,20987],{"class":133},[52,21190,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,21192,119],{"class":118},[52,21194,122],{"class":66},[52,21196,9327],{"class":92},[52,21198,89],{"class":66},[52,21200,19861],{"class":92},[52,21202,122],{"class":66},[52,21204,189],{"class":188},[52,21206,10528],{"class":192},[52,21208,189],{"class":188},[52,21210,5479],{"class":66},[52,21212,21213],{"class":133},"      # None\n",[20,21215,21216,21217,21219],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21218,445],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21221,21222,21223,152],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21224,4003],{},[43,21226,21228],{"className":45,"code":21227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21229,21230,21266,21270,21291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21231,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21233,9288],{"class":58},[52,21235,63],{"class":62},[52,21237,67],{"class":66},[52,21239,189],{"class":188},[52,21241,7786],{"class":192},[52,21243,189],{"class":188},[52,21245,152],{"class":66},[52,21247,200],{"class":188},[52,21249,12997],{"class":192},[52,21251,189],{"class":188},[52,21253,74],{"class":66},[52,21255,200],{"class":188},[52,21257,21152],{"class":192},[52,21259,189],{"class":188},[52,21261,152],{"class":66},[52,21263,3972],{"class":3971},[52,21265,80],{"class":66},[52,21267,21268],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21269,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,21271,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21285,21287,21289],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21273,119],{"class":118},[52,21275,122],{"class":66},[52,21277,189],{"class":188},[52,21279,21152],{"class":192},[52,21281,189],{"class":188},[52,21283,21284],{"class":3996}," in",[52,21286,14681],{"class":92},[52,21288,3782],{"class":66},[52,21290,3785],{"class":133},[52,21292,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,21294,119],{"class":118},[52,21296,122],{"class":66},[52,21298,189],{"class":188},[52,21300,10528],{"class":192},[52,21302,189],{"class":188},[52,21304,21284],{"class":3996},[52,21306,14681],{"class":92},[52,21308,3782],{"class":66},[52,21310,21311],{"class":133},"      # False\n",[20,21313,21314,21315,89],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[30,21316,21317],{"href":17267},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[38,21319,2948],{"id":2947},[20,21321,21322,21323,152],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21324,10858],{},[154,21326,21327,21332,21339,21344],{},[157,21328,21329,21330],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21331,19798],{},[157,21333,4821,21334,442,21336,21338],{},[15,21335,10858],{},[15,21337,445],{}," if no default is provided",[157,21340,4697,21341,21343],{},[15,21342,10858],{}," creates a key automatically",[157,21345,21346],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21348,21349],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[43,21351,21353],{"className":45,"code":21352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21354,21355,21365,21379,21397,21419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21356,21357,21359,21361,21363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21358,119],{"class":118},[52,21360,122],{"class":66},[52,21362,11566],{"class":92},[52,21364,127],{"class":66},[52,21366,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21368,119],{"class":118},[52,21370,122],{"class":66},[52,21372,11566],{"class":92},[52,21374,89],{"class":66},[52,21376,17037],{"class":92},[52,21378,7312],{"class":66},[52,21380,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21382,119],{"class":118},[52,21384,122],{"class":66},[52,21386,3420],{"class":188},[52,21388,7786],{"class":192},[52,21390,3420],{"class":188},[52,21392,21284],{"class":3996},[52,21394,11882],{"class":92},[52,21396,127],{"class":66},[52,21398,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,21400,119],{"class":118},[52,21402,122],{"class":66},[52,21404,11566],{"class":92},[52,21406,89],{"class":66},[52,21408,19861],{"class":92},[52,21410,122],{"class":66},[52,21412,3420],{"class":188},[52,21414,7786],{"class":192},[52,21416,3420],{"class":188},[52,21418,2150],{"class":66},[52,21420,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,21422,119],{"class":118},[52,21424,122],{"class":66},[52,21426,3340],{"class":3020},[52,21428,122],{"class":66},[52,21430,11566],{"class":92},[52,21432,89],{"class":66},[52,21434,19861],{"class":92},[52,21436,122],{"class":66},[52,21438,3420],{"class":188},[52,21440,7786],{"class":192},[52,21442,3420],{"class":188},[52,21444,3031],{"class":66},[20,21446,21447],{},"What these checks tell you:",[154,21449,21450,21455,21461,21467,21473],{},[157,21451,21452,21454],{},[15,21453,12796],{}," shows the full dictionary",[157,21456,21457,21460],{},[15,21458,21459],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[157,21462,21463,21466],{},[15,21464,21465],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[157,21468,21469,21472],{},[15,21470,21471],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[157,21474,21475,21478],{},[15,21476,21477],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21480,21481,21482,668,21487,21491],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[30,21483,21484,21485,10859],{"href":17176},"the dictionary ",[15,21486,17179],{},[30,21488,21484,21489,10859],{"href":17189},[15,21490,17192],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[38,21493,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,21495,1937,21497,21499,21500,1964],{"id":21496},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21498,10858],{}," raise ",[15,21501,19798],{},[20,21503,21504,21505,21507],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21506,445],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1324,21509,1937,21511,21513],{"id":21510},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21512,10858],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21515,21516],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1324,21518,21520,21521,1964],{"id":21519},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21522,10858],{},[20,21524,21525,21527],{},[15,21526,445],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1324,21529,21531,21532,21534],{"id":21530},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21533,10858],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21536,137,21537,21539],{},[15,21538,10858],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[38,21541,1996],{"id":1995},[154,21543,21544,21548,21554,21560,21564,21569],{},[157,21545,21546],{},[30,21547,9278],{"href":9277},[157,21549,21550],{},[30,21551,10855,21552,10859],{"href":17176},[15,21553,17179],{},[157,21555,21556],{},[30,21557,10855,21558,10859],{"href":17189},[15,21559,17192],{},[157,21561,21562],{},[30,21563,17268],{"href":17267},[157,21565,21566],{},[30,21567,21568],{"href":16710},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[157,21570,21571],{},[30,21572,11380],{"href":11192},[2044,21574,21575],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21586,21587],{"id":20499,"depth":115,"text":20500},{"id":19861,"depth":115,"text":10858},{"id":20698,"depth":83,"text":20699},{"id":20911,"depth":83,"text":20912,"children":21590},[21591,21593,21595],{"id":20920,"depth":115,"text":21592},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21006,"depth":115,"text":21594},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21095,"depth":115,"text":21596},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":21599},[21600,21602,21604,21606],{"id":21496,"depth":115,"text":21601},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21510,"depth":115,"text":21603},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21519,"depth":115,"text":21605},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21530,"depth":115,"text":21607},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19779,"description":21609},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21616,"title":21617,"body":21618,"description":24173,"extension":2083,"meta":24174,"navigation":240,"path":24175,"seo":24176,"stem":24177,"__hash__":24178},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21619,"toc":24139},[21620,21625,21631,21637,21639,21721,21725,21742,21747,21752,21757,21759,21773,21775,21838,21842,21882,21890,21892,21894,21909,21912,21925,21927,22006,22010,22076,22078,22080,22088,22090,22101,22103,22213,22217,22296,22302,22308,22313,22426,22430,22462,22465,22572,22578,22585,22589,22592,22695,22699,22760,22763,22766,22777,22786,22789,22806,22808,22907,22911,22986,22989,23012,23017,23022,23039,23041,23162,23166,23200,23202,23207,23214,23224,23226,23304,23307,23378,23388,23391,23423,23426,23465,23471,23478,23481,23572,23576,23657,23663,23666,23669,23774,23777,23780,23902,23906,23909,23976,23980,24017,24023,24025,24031,24036,24042,24049,24055,24058,24097,24103,24106,24108,24136],[10,21621,11436,21623,18],{"id":21622},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21624,17192],{},[20,21626,2100,21627,21630],{},[15,21628,21629],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21632,21633,21634,21636],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21635,17192],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[38,21638,2125],{"id":2124},[43,21640,21642],{"className":45,"code":21641,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21643,21644,21680,21684,21707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21645,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21647,13319],{"class":58},[52,21649,63],{"class":62},[52,21651,67],{"class":66},[52,21653,189],{"class":188},[52,21655,7786],{"class":192},[52,21657,189],{"class":188},[52,21659,152],{"class":66},[52,21661,200],{"class":188},[52,21663,12997],{"class":192},[52,21665,189],{"class":188},[52,21667,74],{"class":66},[52,21669,200],{"class":188},[52,21671,9420],{"class":192},[52,21673,189],{"class":188},[52,21675,152],{"class":66},[52,21677,9427],{"class":70},[52,21679,80],{"class":66},[52,21681,21682],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21683,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,21685,21686,21688,21691,21693,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21687,6077],{"class":3996},[52,21689,21690],{"class":58}," key",[52,21692,74],{"class":66},[52,21694,21695],{"class":58}," value ",[52,21697,4003],{"class":3996},[52,21699,13362],{"class":58},[52,21701,89],{"class":66},[52,21703,7928],{"class":92},[52,21705,21706],{"class":66},"():\n",[52,21708,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,21710,8188],{"class":118},[52,21712,122],{"class":66},[52,21714,14956],{"class":92},[52,21716,74],{"class":66},[52,21718,8554],{"class":92},[52,21720,127],{"class":66},[20,21722,21723],{},[984,21724,2193],{},[43,21726,21728],{"className":45,"code":21727,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21729,21730,21735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21731,21732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21733,21734],{"class":58},"name Ana\n",[52,21736,21737,21740],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21738,21739],{"class":58},"age ",[52,21741,2826],{"class":70},[20,21743,137,21744,21746],{},[15,21745,17192],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[38,21748,144,21750,147],{"id":21749},"what-items-does",[15,21751,17192],{},[20,21753,21754,21756],{},[15,21755,17192],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21758,11575],{},[154,21760,21761,21767,21770],{},[157,21762,21763,21764],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21765,21766],{},"(key, value)",[157,21768,21769],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[157,21771,21772],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21774,347],{},[43,21776,21778],{"className":45,"code":21777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21779,21780,21816,21820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21781,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21783,13319],{"class":58},[52,21785,63],{"class":62},[52,21787,67],{"class":66},[52,21789,189],{"class":188},[52,21791,7786],{"class":192},[52,21793,189],{"class":188},[52,21795,152],{"class":66},[52,21797,200],{"class":188},[52,21799,12997],{"class":192},[52,21801,189],{"class":188},[52,21803,74],{"class":66},[52,21805,200],{"class":188},[52,21807,9420],{"class":192},[52,21809,189],{"class":188},[52,21811,152],{"class":66},[52,21813,9427],{"class":70},[52,21815,80],{"class":66},[52,21817,21818],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21819,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,21821,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21823,119],{"class":118},[52,21825,122],{"class":66},[52,21827,8213],{"class":3020},[52,21829,122],{"class":66},[52,21831,17421],{"class":92},[52,21833,89],{"class":66},[52,21835,7928],{"class":92},[52,21837,6410],{"class":66},[20,21839,21840],{},[984,21841,2193],{},[43,21843,21845],{"className":45,"code":21844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21846,21847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21848,21849,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21850,21851],{"class":66},"[(",[52,21853,3420],{"class":188},[52,21855,7786],{"class":192},[52,21857,3420],{"class":188},[52,21859,74],{"class":66},[52,21861,3415],{"class":188},[52,21863,12997],{"class":192},[52,21865,3420],{"class":188},[52,21867,399],{"class":66},[52,21869,388],{"class":66},[52,21871,3420],{"class":188},[52,21873,9420],{"class":192},[52,21875,3420],{"class":188},[52,21877,74],{"class":66},[52,21879,9427],{"class":70},[52,21881,9370],{"class":66},[20,21883,21884,21885,2996,21887,89],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[30,21886,9278],{"href":13140},[30,21888,15139],{"href":21889},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[38,21891,268],{"id":267},[20,21893,5552],{},[43,21895,21897],{"className":45,"code":21896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21898,21899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21900,21901,21903,21905,21907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21902,11566],{"class":58},[52,21904,89],{"class":66},[52,21906,7928],{"class":92},[52,21908,8764],{"class":66},[20,21910,21911],{},"Things to remember:",[154,21913,21914,21919,21922],{},[157,21915,21916,21918],{},[15,21917,17192],{}," does not take any arguments",[157,21920,21921],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[157,21923,21924],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21926,347],{},[43,21928,21930],{"className":45,"code":21929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21931,21932,21964,21968,21982,21986,21996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21933,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21935,5181],{"class":58},[52,21937,63],{"class":62},[52,21939,67],{"class":66},[52,21941,189],{"class":188},[52,21943,5121],{"class":192},[52,21945,189],{"class":188},[52,21947,152],{"class":66},[52,21949,20009],{"class":70},[52,21951,74],{"class":66},[52,21953,200],{"class":188},[52,21955,5130],{"class":192},[52,21957,189],{"class":188},[52,21959,152],{"class":66},[52,21961,13622],{"class":70},[52,21963,80],{"class":66},[52,21965,21966],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,21967,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,21969,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21971,474],{"class":58},[52,21973,63],{"class":62},[52,21975,5228],{"class":58},[52,21977,89],{"class":66},[52,21979,7928],{"class":92},[52,21981,8764],{"class":66},[52,21983,21984],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,21985,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,21987,21988,21990,21992,21994],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,21989,119],{"class":118},[52,21991,122],{"class":66},[52,21993,507],{"class":92},[52,21995,127],{"class":66},[52,21997,21998,22000,22002,22004],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,21999,119],{"class":118},[52,22001,122],{"class":66},[52,22003,16502],{"class":92},[52,22005,127],{"class":66},[20,22007,22008],{},[984,22009,2193],{},[43,22011,22013],{"className":45,"code":22012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22014,22015,22048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22016,22017,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22018,22019],{"class":92},"dict_items",[52,22021,9778],{"class":66},[52,22023,3420],{"class":188},[52,22025,5121],{"class":192},[52,22027,3420],{"class":188},[52,22029,74],{"class":66},[52,22031,20009],{"class":70},[52,22033,399],{"class":66},[52,22035,388],{"class":66},[52,22037,3420],{"class":188},[52,22039,5130],{"class":192},[52,22041,3420],{"class":188},[52,22043,74],{"class":66},[52,22045,13622],{"class":70},[52,22047,10797],{"class":66},[52,22049,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22051,9399],{"class":66},[52,22053,3420],{"class":188},[52,22055,5121],{"class":192},[52,22057,3420],{"class":188},[52,22059,152],{"class":66},[52,22061,20009],{"class":70},[52,22063,74],{"class":66},[52,22065,3415],{"class":188},[52,22067,5130],{"class":192},[52,22069,3420],{"class":188},[52,22071,152],{"class":66},[52,22073,13622],{"class":70},[52,22075,80],{"class":66},[20,22077,21003],{},[38,22079,437],{"id":436},[20,22081,22082,22084,22085,22087],{},[15,22083,17192],{}," returns a ",[15,22086,22019],{}," view object.",[20,22089,2230],{},[154,22091,22092,22095,22098],{},[157,22093,22094],{},"You can loop over it",[157,22096,22097],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[157,22099,22100],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22102,347],{},[43,22104,22106],{"className":45,"code":22105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22107,22108,22140,22154,22158,22172,22176,22195,22199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22109,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22111,9288],{"class":58},[52,22113,63],{"class":62},[52,22115,67],{"class":66},[52,22117,189],{"class":188},[52,22119,930],{"class":192},[52,22121,189],{"class":188},[52,22123,152],{"class":66},[52,22125,5616],{"class":70},[52,22127,74],{"class":66},[52,22129,200],{"class":188},[52,22131,11861],{"class":192},[52,22133,189],{"class":188},[52,22135,152],{"class":66},[52,22137,77],{"class":70},[52,22139,80],{"class":66},[52,22141,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22143,9338],{"class":58},[52,22145,63],{"class":62},[52,22147,14681],{"class":58},[52,22149,89],{"class":66},[52,22151,7928],{"class":92},[52,22153,8764],{"class":66},[52,22155,22156],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22157,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22159,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,22161,119],{"class":118},[52,22163,122],{"class":66},[52,22165,8213],{"class":3020},[52,22167,122],{"class":66},[52,22169,9383],{"class":92},[52,22171,2150],{"class":66},[52,22173,22174],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,22175,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22177,22178,22180,22182,22184,22187,22189,22191,22193],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,22179,9327],{"class":58},[52,22181,4020],{"class":66},[52,22183,189],{"class":188},[52,22185,22186],{"class":192},"z",[52,22188,189],{"class":188},[52,22190,13388],{"class":66},[52,22192,13391],{"class":62},[52,22194,2695],{"class":70},[52,22196,22197],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,22198,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22200,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,22202,119],{"class":118},[52,22204,122],{"class":66},[52,22206,8213],{"class":3020},[52,22208,122],{"class":66},[52,22210,9383],{"class":92},[52,22212,2150],{"class":66},[20,22214,22215],{},[984,22216,2193],{},[43,22218,22220],{"className":45,"code":22219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22221,22222,22252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22223,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22225,21851],{"class":66},[52,22227,3420],{"class":188},[52,22229,930],{"class":192},[52,22231,3420],{"class":188},[52,22233,74],{"class":66},[52,22235,5616],{"class":70},[52,22237,399],{"class":66},[52,22239,388],{"class":66},[52,22241,3420],{"class":188},[52,22243,11861],{"class":192},[52,22245,3420],{"class":188},[52,22247,74],{"class":66},[52,22249,77],{"class":70},[52,22251,9370],{"class":66},[52,22253,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22255,21851],{"class":66},[52,22257,3420],{"class":188},[52,22259,930],{"class":192},[52,22261,3420],{"class":188},[52,22263,74],{"class":66},[52,22265,5616],{"class":70},[52,22267,399],{"class":66},[52,22269,388],{"class":66},[52,22271,3420],{"class":188},[52,22273,11861],{"class":192},[52,22275,3420],{"class":188},[52,22277,74],{"class":66},[52,22279,77],{"class":70},[52,22281,399],{"class":66},[52,22283,388],{"class":66},[52,22285,3420],{"class":188},[52,22287,22186],{"class":192},[52,22289,3420],{"class":188},[52,22291,74],{"class":66},[52,22293,104],{"class":70},[52,22295,9370],{"class":66},[20,22297,22298,22299,22301],{},"This happens because ",[15,22300,9383],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[38,22303,22305,22306],{"id":22304},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22307,17192],{},[20,22309,22310,22311,152],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22312,17192],{},[43,22314,22316],{"className":45,"code":22315,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22317,22318,22371,22375,22395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22319,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22321,12980],{"class":58},[52,22323,63],{"class":62},[52,22325,67],{"class":66},[52,22327,189],{"class":188},[52,22329,7786],{"class":192},[52,22331,189],{"class":188},[52,22333,152],{"class":66},[52,22335,200],{"class":188},[52,22337,8040],{"class":192},[52,22339,189],{"class":188},[52,22341,74],{"class":66},[52,22343,200],{"class":188},[52,22345,20002],{"class":192},[52,22347,189],{"class":188},[52,22349,152],{"class":66},[52,22351,200],{"class":188},[52,22353,22354],{"class":192},"A",[52,22356,189],{"class":188},[52,22358,74],{"class":66},[52,22360,200],{"class":188},[52,22362,9420],{"class":192},[52,22364,189],{"class":188},[52,22366,152],{"class":66},[52,22368,13973],{"class":70},[52,22370,80],{"class":66},[52,22372,22373],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22374,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22376,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22378,6077],{"class":3996},[52,22380,21690],{"class":58},[52,22382,74],{"class":66},[52,22384,21695],{"class":58},[52,22386,4003],{"class":3996},[52,22388,13023],{"class":58},[52,22390,89],{"class":66},[52,22392,7928],{"class":92},[52,22394,21706],{"class":66},[52,22396,22397,22399,22401,22404,22406,22408,22410,22413,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,22398,8188],{"class":118},[52,22400,122],{"class":66},[52,22402,22403],{"class":2187},"f",[52,22405,189],{"class":192},[52,22407,9399],{"class":70},[52,22409,14956],{"class":92},[52,22411,22412],{"class":70},"}",[52,22414,22415],{"class":192},": ",[52,22417,9399],{"class":70},[52,22419,2593],{"class":92},[52,22421,22412],{"class":70},[52,22423,189],{"class":192},[52,22425,127],{"class":66},[20,22427,22428],{},[984,22429,2193],{},[43,22431,22433],{"className":45,"code":22432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22434,22435,22444,22453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22436,22437,22439,22441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22438,7786],{"class":58},[52,22440,152],{"class":66},[52,22442,22443],{"class":58}," Mia\n",[52,22445,22446,22448,22450],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22447,20002],{"class":58},[52,22449,152],{"class":66},[52,22451,22452],{"class":58}," A\n",[52,22454,22455,22457,22459],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22456,9420],{"class":58},[52,22458,152],{"class":66},[52,22460,22461],{"class":70}," 14\n",[20,22463,22464],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[43,22466,22468],{"className":45,"code":22467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22469,22470,22522,22526,22538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22471,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22473,12980],{"class":58},[52,22475,63],{"class":62},[52,22477,67],{"class":66},[52,22479,189],{"class":188},[52,22481,7786],{"class":192},[52,22483,189],{"class":188},[52,22485,152],{"class":66},[52,22487,200],{"class":188},[52,22489,8040],{"class":192},[52,22491,189],{"class":188},[52,22493,74],{"class":66},[52,22495,200],{"class":188},[52,22497,20002],{"class":192},[52,22499,189],{"class":188},[52,22501,152],{"class":66},[52,22503,200],{"class":188},[52,22505,22354],{"class":192},[52,22507,189],{"class":188},[52,22509,74],{"class":66},[52,22511,200],{"class":188},[52,22513,9420],{"class":192},[52,22515,189],{"class":188},[52,22517,152],{"class":66},[52,22519,13973],{"class":70},[52,22521,80],{"class":66},[52,22523,22524],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22525,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22527,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22529,6077],{"class":3996},[52,22531,18320],{"class":58},[52,22533,4003],{"class":3996},[52,22535,13023],{"class":58},[52,22537,6514],{"class":66},[52,22539,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,22541,8188],{"class":118},[52,22543,122],{"class":66},[52,22545,22403],{"class":2187},[52,22547,189],{"class":192},[52,22549,9399],{"class":70},[52,22551,14956],{"class":92},[52,22553,22412],{"class":70},[52,22555,22415],{"class":192},[52,22557,9399],{"class":70},[52,22559,13741],{"class":92},[52,22561,4020],{"class":66},[52,22563,14956],{"class":92},[52,22565,13388],{"class":66},[52,22567,22412],{"class":70},[52,22569,189],{"class":192},[52,22571,127],{"class":66},[20,22573,6629,22574,22577],{},[15,22575,22576],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22579,22580,22581,89],{},"For a full guide, see ",[30,22582,22584],{"href":22583},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[38,22586,22588],{"id":22587},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22590,22591],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[43,22593,22595],{"className":45,"code":22594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22596,22597,22656,22660,22680,22684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22598,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22634,22636,22638,22640,22643,22645,22647,22649,22652,22654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22600,181],{"class":58},[52,22602,63],{"class":62},[52,22604,67],{"class":66},[52,22606,189],{"class":188},[52,22608,1125],{"class":192},[52,22610,189],{"class":188},[52,22612,152],{"class":66},[52,22614,200],{"class":188},[52,22616,193],{"class":192},[52,22618,189],{"class":188},[52,22620,74],{"class":66},[52,22622,200],{"class":188},[52,22624,1145],{"class":192},[52,22626,189],{"class":188},[52,22628,152],{"class":66},[52,22630,200],{"class":188},[52,22632,22633],{"class":192},"yellow",[52,22635,189],{"class":188},[52,22637,74],{"class":66},[52,22639,200],{"class":188},[52,22641,22642],{"class":192},"grape",[52,22644,189],{"class":188},[52,22646,152],{"class":66},[52,22648,200],{"class":188},[52,22650,22651],{"class":192},"purple",[52,22653,189],{"class":188},[52,22655,80],{"class":66},[52,22657,22658],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22659,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22661,22662,22665,22667,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22663,22664],{"class":58},"pairs_list ",[52,22666,63],{"class":62},[52,22668,22669],{"class":3020}," list",[52,22671,122],{"class":66},[52,22673,212],{"class":92},[52,22675,89],{"class":66},[52,22677,7928],{"class":92},[52,22679,7312],{"class":66},[52,22681,22682],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,22683,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22685,22686,22688,22690,22693],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,22687,119],{"class":118},[52,22689,122],{"class":66},[52,22691,22692],{"class":92},"pairs_list",[52,22694,127],{"class":66},[20,22696,22697],{},[984,22698,2193],{},[43,22700,22702],{"className":45,"code":22701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22703,22704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22705,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22707,21851],{"class":66},[52,22709,3420],{"class":188},[52,22711,1125],{"class":192},[52,22713,3420],{"class":188},[52,22715,74],{"class":66},[52,22717,3415],{"class":188},[52,22719,193],{"class":192},[52,22721,3420],{"class":188},[52,22723,399],{"class":66},[52,22725,388],{"class":66},[52,22727,3420],{"class":188},[52,22729,1145],{"class":192},[52,22731,3420],{"class":188},[52,22733,74],{"class":66},[52,22735,3415],{"class":188},[52,22737,22633],{"class":192},[52,22739,3420],{"class":188},[52,22741,399],{"class":66},[52,22743,388],{"class":66},[52,22745,3420],{"class":188},[52,22747,22642],{"class":192},[52,22749,3420],{"class":188},[52,22751,74],{"class":66},[52,22753,3415],{"class":188},[52,22755,22651],{"class":192},[52,22757,3420],{"class":188},[52,22759,9370],{"class":66},[20,22761,22762],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22764,22765],{},"Use this when:",[154,22767,22768,22771,22774],{},[157,22769,22770],{},"You want clearer printed output",[157,22772,22773],{},"You need list behavior",[157,22775,22776],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[38,22778,22780,1083,22782,1083,22784],{"id":22779},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22781,17192],{},[15,22783,17179],{},[15,22785,17185],{},[20,22787,22788],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[154,22790,22791,22796,22801],{},[157,22792,22793,22795],{},[15,22794,17192],{}," gives both key and value",[157,22797,22798,22800],{},[15,22799,17179],{}," gives only keys",[157,22802,22803,22805],{},[15,22804,17185],{}," gives only values",[20,22807,347],{},[43,22809,22811],{"className":45,"code":22810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22812,22813,22849,22853,22871,22889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22814,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22816,13319],{"class":58},[52,22818,63],{"class":62},[52,22820,67],{"class":66},[52,22822,189],{"class":188},[52,22824,7786],{"class":192},[52,22826,189],{"class":188},[52,22828,152],{"class":66},[52,22830,200],{"class":188},[52,22832,12997],{"class":192},[52,22834,189],{"class":188},[52,22836,74],{"class":66},[52,22838,200],{"class":188},[52,22840,9420],{"class":192},[52,22842,189],{"class":188},[52,22844,152],{"class":66},[52,22846,9427],{"class":70},[52,22848,80],{"class":66},[52,22850,22851],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22852,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,22854,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22856,119],{"class":118},[52,22858,122],{"class":66},[52,22860,8213],{"class":3020},[52,22862,122],{"class":66},[52,22864,17421],{"class":92},[52,22866,89],{"class":66},[52,22868,17037],{"class":92},[52,22870,6410],{"class":66},[52,22872,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,22874,119],{"class":118},[52,22876,122],{"class":66},[52,22878,8213],{"class":3020},[52,22880,122],{"class":66},[52,22882,17421],{"class":92},[52,22884,89],{"class":66},[52,22886,370],{"class":92},[52,22888,6410],{"class":66},[52,22890,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,22892,119],{"class":118},[52,22894,122],{"class":66},[52,22896,8213],{"class":3020},[52,22898,122],{"class":66},[52,22900,17421],{"class":92},[52,22902,89],{"class":66},[52,22904,7928],{"class":92},[52,22906,6410],{"class":66},[20,22908,22909],{},[984,22910,2193],{},[43,22912,22914],{"className":45,"code":22913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22915,22916,22936,22952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22917,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22919,4020],{"class":66},[52,22921,3420],{"class":188},[52,22923,7786],{"class":192},[52,22925,3420],{"class":188},[52,22927,74],{"class":66},[52,22929,3415],{"class":188},[52,22931,9420],{"class":192},[52,22933,3420],{"class":188},[52,22935,3756],{"class":66},[52,22937,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,22939,4020],{"class":66},[52,22941,3420],{"class":188},[52,22943,12997],{"class":192},[52,22945,3420],{"class":188},[52,22947,74],{"class":66},[52,22949,9427],{"class":70},[52,22951,3756],{"class":66},[52,22953,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22955,21851],{"class":66},[52,22957,3420],{"class":188},[52,22959,7786],{"class":192},[52,22961,3420],{"class":188},[52,22963,74],{"class":66},[52,22965,3415],{"class":188},[52,22967,12997],{"class":192},[52,22969,3420],{"class":188},[52,22971,399],{"class":66},[52,22973,388],{"class":66},[52,22975,3420],{"class":188},[52,22977,9420],{"class":192},[52,22979,3420],{"class":188},[52,22981,74],{"class":66},[52,22983,9427],{"class":70},[52,22985,9370],{"class":66},[20,22987,22988],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[154,22990,22991,22999,23007],{},[157,22992,22993,22994],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[30,22995,22997],{"href":22996},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22998,17179],{},[157,23000,23001,23002],{},"Need just values? Use ",[30,23003,23005],{"href":23004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23006,17185],{},[157,23008,23009,23010],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23011,17192],{},[38,23013,5078,23015],{"id":23014},"when-to-use-items",[15,23016,17192],{},[20,23018,23019,23021],{},[15,23020,17192],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[154,23023,23024,23027,23030,23033,23036],{},[157,23025,23026],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[157,23028,23029],{},"Building formatted output",[157,23031,23032],{},"Looping through settings and values",[157,23034,23035],{},"Showing names with scores",[157,23037,23038],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23040,347],{},[43,23042,23044],{"className":45,"code":23043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23045,23046,23054,23072,23091,23103,23107,23111,23132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23047,23048,23050,23052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23049,13941],{"class":58},[52,23051,63],{"class":62},[52,23053,11610],{"class":66},[52,23055,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23057,11615],{"class":188},[52,23059,12611],{"class":192},[52,23061,189],{"class":188},[52,23063,152],{"class":66},[52,23065,200],{"class":188},[52,23067,12620],{"class":192},[52,23069,189],{"class":188},[52,23071,11631],{"class":66},[52,23073,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23087,23089],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23075,11615],{"class":188},[52,23077,20234],{"class":192},[52,23079,189],{"class":188},[52,23081,152],{"class":66},[52,23083,200],{"class":188},[52,23085,23086],{"class":192},"English",[52,23088,189],{"class":188},[52,23090,11631],{"class":66},[52,23092,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,23094,11615],{"class":188},[52,23096,18636],{"class":192},[52,23098,189],{"class":188},[52,23100,152],{"class":66},[52,23102,6543],{"class":3971},[52,23104,23105],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,23106,80],{"class":66},[52,23108,23109],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,23110,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23112,23113,23115,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,23114,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23116,23117],{"class":58}," setting",[52,23119,74],{"class":66},[52,23121,21695],{"class":58},[52,23123,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23125,13985],{"class":58},[52,23127,89],{"class":66},[52,23129,7928],{"class":92},[52,23131,21706],{"class":66},[52,23133,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23147,23149,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,23135,8188],{"class":118},[52,23137,122],{"class":66},[52,23139,22403],{"class":2187},[52,23141,189],{"class":192},[52,23143,9399],{"class":70},[52,23145,23146],{"class":92},"setting",[52,23148,22412],{"class":70},[52,23150,23151],{"class":192}," = ",[52,23153,9399],{"class":70},[52,23155,2593],{"class":92},[52,23157,22412],{"class":70},[52,23159,189],{"class":192},[52,23161,127],{"class":66},[20,23163,23164],{},[984,23165,2193],{},[43,23167,23169],{"className":45,"code":23168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23170,23171,23181,23191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23172,23173,23176,23178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23174,23175],{"class":58},"theme ",[52,23177,63],{"class":62},[52,23179,23180],{"class":58}," dark\n",[52,23182,23183,23186,23188],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23184,23185],{"class":58},"language ",[52,23187,63],{"class":62},[52,23189,23190],{"class":58}," English\n",[52,23192,23193,23196,23198],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23194,23195],{"class":58},"notifications ",[52,23197,63],{"class":62},[52,23199,6543],{"class":3971},[38,23201,2948],{"id":2947},[20,23203,23204,23205,89],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23206,17192],{},[1324,23208,23210,23211,23213],{"id":23209},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23212,17192],{}," incorrectly",[20,23215,23216,23217,23219,23220,23223],{},"Each result from ",[15,23218,17192],{}," has ",[984,23221,23222],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23225,6805],{},[43,23227,23228],{"className":45,"code":21641,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,23229,23230,23266,23270,23290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23231,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23233,13319],{"class":58},[52,23235,63],{"class":62},[52,23237,67],{"class":66},[52,23239,189],{"class":188},[52,23241,7786],{"class":192},[52,23243,189],{"class":188},[52,23245,152],{"class":66},[52,23247,200],{"class":188},[52,23249,12997],{"class":192},[52,23251,189],{"class":188},[52,23253,74],{"class":66},[52,23255,200],{"class":188},[52,23257,9420],{"class":192},[52,23259,189],{"class":188},[52,23261,152],{"class":66},[52,23263,9427],{"class":70},[52,23265,80],{"class":66},[52,23267,23268],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23269,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23271,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23273,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23275,21690],{"class":58},[52,23277,74],{"class":66},[52,23279,21695],{"class":58},[52,23281,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23283,13362],{"class":58},[52,23285,89],{"class":66},[52,23287,7928],{"class":92},[52,23289,21706],{"class":66},[52,23291,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,23293,8188],{"class":118},[52,23295,122],{"class":66},[52,23297,14956],{"class":92},[52,23299,74],{"class":66},[52,23301,8554],{"class":92},[52,23303,127],{"class":66},[20,23305,23306],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[43,23308,23310],{"className":45,"code":23309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23311,23312,23348,23352,23368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23313,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23315,13319],{"class":58},[52,23317,63],{"class":62},[52,23319,67],{"class":66},[52,23321,189],{"class":188},[52,23323,7786],{"class":192},[52,23325,189],{"class":188},[52,23327,152],{"class":66},[52,23329,200],{"class":188},[52,23331,12997],{"class":192},[52,23333,189],{"class":188},[52,23335,74],{"class":66},[52,23337,200],{"class":188},[52,23339,9420],{"class":192},[52,23341,189],{"class":188},[52,23343,152],{"class":66},[52,23345,9427],{"class":70},[52,23347,80],{"class":66},[52,23349,23350],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23351,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23353,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23355,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23357,18320],{"class":58},[52,23359,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23361,13362],{"class":58},[52,23363,89],{"class":66},[52,23365,7928],{"class":92},[52,23367,21706],{"class":66},[52,23369,23370,23372,23374,23376],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,23371,8188],{"class":118},[52,23373,122],{"class":66},[52,23375,14956],{"class":92},[52,23377,127],{"class":66},[20,23379,23380,23381,23383,23384,23387],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23382,14956],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23385,23386],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23389,23390],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[43,23392,23394],{"className":45,"code":23393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23395,23396,23412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23397,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23399,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23401,6080],{"class":58},[52,23403,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23405,13362],{"class":58},[52,23407,89],{"class":66},[52,23409,7928],{"class":92},[52,23411,21706],{"class":66},[52,23413,23414,23416,23418,23421],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23415,8188],{"class":118},[52,23417,122],{"class":66},[52,23419,23420],{"class":92},"item",[52,23422,127],{"class":66},[20,23424,23425],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[43,23427,23429],{"className":45,"code":23428,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23430,23431,23451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23432,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23434,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23436,21690],{"class":58},[52,23438,74],{"class":66},[52,23440,21695],{"class":58},[52,23442,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23444,13362],{"class":58},[52,23446,89],{"class":66},[52,23448,7928],{"class":92},[52,23450,21706],{"class":66},[52,23452,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23454,8188],{"class":118},[52,23456,122],{"class":66},[52,23458,14956],{"class":92},[52,23460,74],{"class":66},[52,23462,8554],{"class":92},[52,23464,127],{"class":66},[1324,23466,8574,23468,23470],{"id":23467},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23469,17192],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23472,23473,22084,23475,23477],{},[15,23474,17192],{},[15,23476,22019],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23479,23480],{},"Check it:",[43,23482,23484],{"className":45,"code":23483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23485,23486,23518,23522,23536,23554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23487,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23489,11840],{"class":58},[52,23491,63],{"class":62},[52,23493,67],{"class":66},[52,23495,189],{"class":188},[52,23497,30],{"class":192},[52,23499,189],{"class":188},[52,23501,152],{"class":66},[52,23503,5616],{"class":70},[52,23505,74],{"class":66},[52,23507,200],{"class":188},[52,23509,1393],{"class":192},[52,23511,189],{"class":188},[52,23513,152],{"class":66},[52,23515,77],{"class":70},[52,23517,80],{"class":66},[52,23519,23520],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23521,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23523,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23525,119],{"class":118},[52,23527,122],{"class":66},[52,23529,11566],{"class":92},[52,23531,89],{"class":66},[52,23533,7928],{"class":92},[52,23535,7312],{"class":66},[52,23537,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,23539,119],{"class":118},[52,23541,122],{"class":66},[52,23543,3340],{"class":3020},[52,23545,122],{"class":66},[52,23547,11566],{"class":92},[52,23549,89],{"class":66},[52,23551,7928],{"class":92},[52,23553,6410],{"class":66},[52,23555,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,23557,119],{"class":118},[52,23559,122],{"class":66},[52,23561,8213],{"class":3020},[52,23563,122],{"class":66},[52,23565,11566],{"class":92},[52,23567,89],{"class":66},[52,23569,7928],{"class":92},[52,23571,6410],{"class":66},[20,23573,23574],{},[984,23575,2193],{},[43,23577,23579],{"className":45,"code":23578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23580,23581,23613,23627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23582,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23584,22019],{"class":92},[52,23586,9778],{"class":66},[52,23588,3420],{"class":188},[52,23590,30],{"class":192},[52,23592,3420],{"class":188},[52,23594,74],{"class":66},[52,23596,5616],{"class":70},[52,23598,399],{"class":66},[52,23600,388],{"class":66},[52,23602,3420],{"class":188},[52,23604,1393],{"class":192},[52,23606,3420],{"class":188},[52,23608,74],{"class":66},[52,23610,77],{"class":70},[52,23612,10797],{"class":66},[52,23614,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23616,3409],{"class":62},[52,23618,3412],{"class":2187},[52,23620,3415],{"class":188},[52,23622,22019],{"class":192},[52,23624,3420],{"class":188},[52,23626,3423],{"class":62},[52,23628,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23630,21851],{"class":66},[52,23632,3420],{"class":188},[52,23634,30],{"class":192},[52,23636,3420],{"class":188},[52,23638,74],{"class":66},[52,23640,5616],{"class":70},[52,23642,399],{"class":66},[52,23644,388],{"class":66},[52,23646,3420],{"class":188},[52,23648,1393],{"class":192},[52,23650,3420],{"class":188},[52,23652,74],{"class":66},[52,23654,77],{"class":70},[52,23656,9370],{"class":66},[1324,23658,23660,23661],{"id":23659},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23662,17192],{},[20,23664,23665],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23667,23668],{},"Problem example:",[43,23670,23672],{"className":45,"code":23671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23673,23674,23718,23722,23742,23754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23675,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23677,59],{"class":58},[52,23679,63],{"class":62},[52,23681,67],{"class":66},[52,23683,189],{"class":188},[52,23685,30],{"class":192},[52,23687,189],{"class":188},[52,23689,152],{"class":66},[52,23691,5616],{"class":70},[52,23693,74],{"class":66},[52,23695,200],{"class":188},[52,23697,1393],{"class":192},[52,23699,189],{"class":188},[52,23701,152],{"class":66},[52,23703,77],{"class":70},[52,23705,74],{"class":66},[52,23707,200],{"class":188},[52,23709,1491],{"class":192},[52,23711,189],{"class":188},[52,23713,152],{"class":66},[52,23715,104],{"class":70},[52,23717,80],{"class":66},[52,23719,23720],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23721,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23723,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23725,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23727,21690],{"class":58},[52,23729,74],{"class":66},[52,23731,21695],{"class":58},[52,23733,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23735,479],{"class":58},[52,23737,89],{"class":66},[52,23739,7928],{"class":92},[52,23741,21706],{"class":66},[52,23743,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,23745,6519],{"class":3996},[52,23747,21695],{"class":58},[52,23749,4805],{"class":62},[52,23751,77],{"class":70},[52,23753,6514],{"class":66},[52,23755,23756,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,23757,23758],{"class":58},"        numbers",[52,23760,4020],{"class":66},[52,23762,189],{"class":188},[52,23764,18879],{"class":192},[52,23766,189],{"class":188},[52,23768,13388],{"class":66},[52,23770,13391],{"class":62},[52,23772,23773],{"class":70}," 4\n",[20,23775,23776],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23778,23779],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[43,23781,23783],{"className":45,"code":23782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23784,23785,23829,23833,23858,23870,23888,23892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23786,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23788,59],{"class":58},[52,23790,63],{"class":62},[52,23792,67],{"class":66},[52,23794,189],{"class":188},[52,23796,30],{"class":192},[52,23798,189],{"class":188},[52,23800,152],{"class":66},[52,23802,5616],{"class":70},[52,23804,74],{"class":66},[52,23806,200],{"class":188},[52,23808,1393],{"class":192},[52,23810,189],{"class":188},[52,23812,152],{"class":66},[52,23814,77],{"class":70},[52,23816,74],{"class":66},[52,23818,200],{"class":188},[52,23820,1491],{"class":192},[52,23822,189],{"class":188},[52,23824,152],{"class":66},[52,23826,104],{"class":70},[52,23828,80],{"class":66},[52,23830,23831],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23832,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23834,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23836,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23838,21690],{"class":58},[52,23840,74],{"class":66},[52,23842,21695],{"class":58},[52,23844,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23846,22669],{"class":3020},[52,23848,122],{"class":66},[52,23850,86],{"class":92},[52,23852,89],{"class":66},[52,23854,7928],{"class":92},[52,23856,23857],{"class":66},"()):\n",[52,23859,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,23861,6519],{"class":3996},[52,23863,21695],{"class":58},[52,23865,4805],{"class":62},[52,23867,77],{"class":70},[52,23869,6514],{"class":66},[52,23871,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,23873,23758],{"class":58},[52,23875,4020],{"class":66},[52,23877,189],{"class":188},[52,23879,18879],{"class":192},[52,23881,189],{"class":188},[52,23883,13388],{"class":66},[52,23885,13391],{"class":62},[52,23887,23773],{"class":70},[52,23889,23890],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,23891,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23893,23894,23896,23898,23900],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,23895,119],{"class":118},[52,23897,122],{"class":66},[52,23899,86],{"class":92},[52,23901,127],{"class":66},[1324,23903,23905],{"id":23904},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23907,23908],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[43,23910,23912],{"className":45,"code":23911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23913,23914,23946,23950,23966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23915,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23917,9288],{"class":58},[52,23919,63],{"class":62},[52,23921,67],{"class":66},[52,23923,189],{"class":188},[52,23925,930],{"class":192},[52,23927,189],{"class":188},[52,23929,152],{"class":66},[52,23931,6124],{"class":70},[52,23933,74],{"class":66},[52,23935,200],{"class":188},[52,23937,11861],{"class":192},[52,23939,189],{"class":188},[52,23941,152],{"class":66},[52,23943,7908],{"class":70},[52,23945,80],{"class":66},[52,23947,23948],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,23949,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,23951,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23953,6077],{"class":3996},[52,23955,6080],{"class":58},[52,23957,4003],{"class":3996},[52,23959,14681],{"class":58},[52,23961,89],{"class":66},[52,23963,7928],{"class":92},[52,23965,21706],{"class":66},[52,23967,23968,23970,23972,23974],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,23969,8188],{"class":118},[52,23971,122],{"class":66},[52,23973,23420],{"class":92},[52,23975,127],{"class":66},[20,23977,23978],{},[984,23979,2193],{},[43,23981,23983],{"className":45,"code":23982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23984,23985,24001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23986,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23988,122],{"class":66},[52,23990,3420],{"class":188},[52,23992,930],{"class":192},[52,23994,3420],{"class":188},[52,23996,74],{"class":66},[52,23998,6124],{"class":70},[52,24000,127],{"class":66},[52,24002,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24004,122],{"class":66},[52,24006,3420],{"class":188},[52,24008,11861],{"class":192},[52,24010,3420],{"class":188},[52,24012,74],{"class":66},[52,24014,7908],{"class":70},[52,24016,127],{"class":66},[20,24018,24019,24020,24022],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24021,21766],{}," pair.",[38,24024,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,24026,24028,24029,5263],{"id":24027},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24030,17192],{},[20,24032,17536,24033,24035],{},[15,24034,22019],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1324,24037,1937,24039,24041],{"id":24038},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24040,17192],{}," return a list?",[20,24043,24044,24045,24048],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24046,24047],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1324,24050,24052,24053,1964],{"id":24051},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24054,17192],{},[20,24056,24057],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[43,24059,24061],{"className":45,"code":24060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24062,24063,24083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24064,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24066,6077],{"class":3996},[52,24068,21690],{"class":58},[52,24070,74],{"class":66},[52,24072,21695],{"class":58},[52,24074,4003],{"class":3996},[52,24076,11882],{"class":58},[52,24078,89],{"class":66},[52,24080,7928],{"class":92},[52,24082,21706],{"class":66},[52,24084,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24086,8188],{"class":118},[52,24088,122],{"class":66},[52,24090,14956],{"class":92},[52,24092,74],{"class":66},[52,24094,8554],{"class":92},[52,24096,127],{"class":66},[1324,24098,1937,24100,24102],{"id":24099},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24101,17192],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24104,24105],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[38,24107,1996],{"id":1995},[154,24109,24110,24116,24122,24127,24131],{},[157,24111,24112],{},[30,24113,10855,24114,10859],{"href":22996},[15,24115,17179],{},[157,24117,24118],{},[30,24119,10855,24120,10859],{"href":23004},[15,24121,17185],{},[157,24123,24124],{},[30,24125,24126],{"href":22583},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[157,24128,24129],{},[30,24130,9278],{"href":13140},[157,24132,24133],{},[30,24134,24135],{"href":21889},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2044,24137,24138],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":24140},[24141,24142,24144,24145,24146,24148,24149,24151,24153,24162,24172],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":21749,"depth":83,"text":24143},"What items() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":436,"depth":83,"text":437},{"id":22304,"depth":83,"text":24147},"Looping with items()",{"id":22587,"depth":83,"text":22588},{"id":22779,"depth":83,"text":24150},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23014,"depth":83,"text":24152},"When to use items()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":24154},[24155,24157,24159,24161],{"id":23209,"depth":115,"text":24156},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23467,"depth":115,"text":24158},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23659,"depth":115,"text":24160},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23904,"depth":115,"text":23905},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":24163},[24164,24166,24168,24170],{"id":24027,"depth":115,"text":24165},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24038,"depth":115,"text":24167},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24051,"depth":115,"text":24169},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24099,"depth":115,"text":24171},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21617,"description":24173},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24180,"title":24181,"body":24182,"description":26272,"extension":2083,"meta":26273,"navigation":240,"path":22996,"seo":26274,"stem":26275,"__hash__":26276},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24183,"toc":26238},[24184,24189,24195,24198,24209,24216,24218,24301,24305,24352,24357,24362,24367,24369,24385,24387,24486,24490,24547,24550,24552,24555,24648,24652,24715,24718,24734,24739,24741,24743,24758,24760,24771,24773,24816,24819,24863,24866,24868,24875,24878,24895,24897,24990,24994,25035,25047,25051,25054,25142,25146,25166,25169,25196,25203,25208,25212,25223,25225,25329,25333,25359,25362,25429,25434,25437,25460,25465,25469,25474,25480,25485,25487,25542,25546,25573,25580,25586,25589,25614,25620,25646,25649,25724,25731,25736,25738,25777,25794,25798,25801,25844,25847,25849,25868,25870,25875,25900,25903,25973,25976,26049,26053,26055,26116,26119,26135,26137,26142,26147,26154,26163,26169,26175,26182,26188,26192,26197,26199,26235],[10,24185,11436,24187,18],{"id":24186},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24188,17179],{},[20,24190,24191,24192,24194],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24193,17179],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24196,24197],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[154,24199,24200,24203,24206],{},[157,24201,24202],{},"view the available keys",[157,24204,24205],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[157,24207,24208],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24210,24211,24213,24214,89],{},[15,24212,17179],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24215,17128],{},[38,24217,2125],{"id":2124},[43,24219,24221],{"className":45,"code":24220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24222,24223,24259,24273,24277,24287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24224,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24226,12980],{"class":58},[52,24228,63],{"class":62},[52,24230,67],{"class":66},[52,24232,189],{"class":188},[52,24234,7786],{"class":192},[52,24236,189],{"class":188},[52,24238,152],{"class":66},[52,24240,200],{"class":188},[52,24242,12997],{"class":192},[52,24244,189],{"class":188},[52,24246,74],{"class":66},[52,24248,200],{"class":188},[52,24250,9420],{"class":192},[52,24252,189],{"class":188},[52,24254,152],{"class":66},[52,24256,7908],{"class":70},[52,24258,80],{"class":66},[52,24260,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24262,17356],{"class":58},[52,24264,63],{"class":62},[52,24266,13023],{"class":58},[52,24268,89],{"class":66},[52,24270,17037],{"class":92},[52,24272,8764],{"class":66},[52,24274,24275],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24276,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,24278,24279,24281,24283,24285],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,24280,119],{"class":118},[52,24282,122],{"class":66},[52,24284,17037],{"class":92},[52,24286,127],{"class":66},[52,24288,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,24290,119],{"class":118},[52,24292,122],{"class":66},[52,24294,8213],{"class":3020},[52,24296,122],{"class":66},[52,24298,17037],{"class":92},[52,24300,2150],{"class":66},[20,24302,24303],{},[984,24304,2193],{},[43,24306,24308],{"className":45,"code":24307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24309,24310,24332],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24311,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24313,17128],{"class":92},[52,24315,96],{"class":66},[52,24317,3420],{"class":188},[52,24319,7786],{"class":192},[52,24321,3420],{"class":188},[52,24323,74],{"class":66},[52,24325,3415],{"class":188},[52,24327,9420],{"class":192},[52,24329,3420],{"class":188},[52,24331,112],{"class":66},[52,24333,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24335,4020],{"class":66},[52,24337,3420],{"class":188},[52,24339,7786],{"class":192},[52,24341,3420],{"class":188},[52,24343,74],{"class":66},[52,24345,3415],{"class":188},[52,24347,9420],{"class":192},[52,24349,3420],{"class":188},[52,24351,3756],{"class":66},[20,24353,137,24354,24356],{},[15,24355,17179],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[38,24358,144,24360,147],{"id":24359},"what-keys-does",[15,24361,17179],{},[20,24363,24364,24366],{},[15,24365,17179],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24368,11575],{},[154,24370,24371,24374,24377,24382],{},[157,24372,24373],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[157,24375,24376],{},"It does not need any arguments",[157,24378,17536,24379,24381],{},[15,24380,17128],{}," view object, not a list",[157,24383,24384],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24386,347],{},[43,24388,24390],{"className":45,"code":24389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24391,24392,24428,24432,24446,24450,24472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24393,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24395,13319],{"class":58},[52,24397,63],{"class":62},[52,24399,67],{"class":66},[52,24401,189],{"class":188},[52,24403,7786],{"class":192},[52,24405,189],{"class":188},[52,24407,152],{"class":66},[52,24409,200],{"class":188},[52,24411,13336],{"class":192},[52,24413,189],{"class":188},[52,24415,74],{"class":66},[52,24417,200],{"class":188},[52,24419,9420],{"class":192},[52,24421,189],{"class":188},[52,24423,152],{"class":66},[52,24425,9427],{"class":70},[52,24427,80],{"class":66},[52,24429,24430],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24431,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,24433,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24435,119],{"class":118},[52,24437,122],{"class":66},[52,24439,17421],{"class":92},[52,24441,89],{"class":66},[52,24443,17037],{"class":92},[52,24445,7312],{"class":66},[52,24447,24448],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,24449,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,24451,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,24453,17421],{"class":58},[52,24455,4020],{"class":66},[52,24457,189],{"class":188},[52,24459,10528],{"class":192},[52,24461,189],{"class":188},[52,24463,13388],{"class":66},[52,24465,13391],{"class":62},[52,24467,200],{"class":188},[52,24469,10535],{"class":192},[52,24471,3479],{"class":188},[52,24473,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,24475,119],{"class":118},[52,24477,122],{"class":66},[52,24479,17421],{"class":92},[52,24481,89],{"class":66},[52,24483,17037],{"class":92},[52,24485,7312],{"class":66},[20,24487,24488],{},[984,24489,2193],{},[43,24491,24493],{"className":45,"code":24492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24494,24495,24517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24496,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24498,17128],{"class":92},[52,24500,96],{"class":66},[52,24502,3420],{"class":188},[52,24504,7786],{"class":192},[52,24506,3420],{"class":188},[52,24508,74],{"class":66},[52,24510,3415],{"class":188},[52,24512,9420],{"class":192},[52,24514,3420],{"class":188},[52,24516,112],{"class":66},[52,24518,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24520,17128],{"class":92},[52,24522,96],{"class":66},[52,24524,3420],{"class":188},[52,24526,7786],{"class":192},[52,24528,3420],{"class":188},[52,24530,74],{"class":66},[52,24532,3415],{"class":188},[52,24534,9420],{"class":192},[52,24536,3420],{"class":188},[52,24538,74],{"class":66},[52,24540,3415],{"class":188},[52,24542,10528],{"class":192},[52,24544,3420],{"class":188},[52,24546,112],{"class":66},[20,24548,24549],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[38,24551,5906],{"id":5905},[20,24553,24554],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[43,24556,24558],{"className":45,"code":24557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24559,24560,24612,24616,24630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24561,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24563,9288],{"class":58},[52,24565,63],{"class":62},[52,24567,67],{"class":66},[52,24569,189],{"class":188},[52,24571,7786],{"class":192},[52,24573,189],{"class":188},[52,24575,152],{"class":66},[52,24577,200],{"class":188},[52,24579,12997],{"class":192},[52,24581,189],{"class":188},[52,24583,74],{"class":66},[52,24585,200],{"class":188},[52,24587,9420],{"class":192},[52,24589,189],{"class":188},[52,24591,152],{"class":66},[52,24593,7908],{"class":70},[52,24595,74],{"class":66},[52,24597,200],{"class":188},[52,24599,20002],{"class":192},[52,24601,189],{"class":188},[52,24603,152],{"class":66},[52,24605,200],{"class":188},[52,24607,22354],{"class":192},[52,24609,189],{"class":188},[52,24611,80],{"class":66},[52,24613,24614],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24615,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24619,119],{"class":118},[52,24621,122],{"class":66},[52,24623,9327],{"class":92},[52,24625,89],{"class":66},[52,24627,17037],{"class":92},[52,24629,7312],{"class":66},[52,24631,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,24633,119],{"class":118},[52,24635,122],{"class":66},[52,24637,8213],{"class":3020},[52,24639,122],{"class":66},[52,24641,9327],{"class":92},[52,24643,89],{"class":66},[52,24645,17037],{"class":92},[52,24647,6410],{"class":66},[20,24649,24650],{},[984,24651,2193],{},[43,24653,24655],{"className":45,"code":24654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24656,24657,24687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24658,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24660,17128],{"class":92},[52,24662,96],{"class":66},[52,24664,3420],{"class":188},[52,24666,7786],{"class":192},[52,24668,3420],{"class":188},[52,24670,74],{"class":66},[52,24672,3415],{"class":188},[52,24674,9420],{"class":192},[52,24676,3420],{"class":188},[52,24678,74],{"class":66},[52,24680,3415],{"class":188},[52,24682,20002],{"class":192},[52,24684,3420],{"class":188},[52,24686,112],{"class":66},[52,24688,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24690,4020],{"class":66},[52,24692,3420],{"class":188},[52,24694,7786],{"class":192},[52,24696,3420],{"class":188},[52,24698,74],{"class":66},[52,24700,3415],{"class":188},[52,24702,9420],{"class":192},[52,24704,3420],{"class":188},[52,24706,74],{"class":66},[52,24708,3415],{"class":188},[52,24710,20002],{"class":192},[52,24712,3420],{"class":188},[52,24714,3756],{"class":66},[20,24716,24717],{},"This shows two things:",[154,24719,24720,24728],{},[157,24721,24722,22084,24725,24727],{},[15,24723,24724],{},"data.keys()",[15,24726,17128],{}," object",[157,24729,24730,24733],{},[15,24731,24732],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24735,9274,24736,89],{},[30,24737,24738],{"href":9511},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[38,24740,5549],{"id":5548},[20,24742,2282],{},[43,24744,24746],{"className":45,"code":24745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24747,24748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24749,24750,24752,24754,24756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24751,11566],{"class":58},[52,24753,89],{"class":66},[52,24755,17037],{"class":92},[52,24757,8764],{"class":66},[20,24759,21911],{},[154,24761,24762,24765,24768],{},[157,24763,24764],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[157,24766,24767],{},"It takes no parameters",[157,24769,24770],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24772,16769],{},[43,24774,24776],{"className":45,"code":24775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24777,24778,24802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24779,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24781,12980],{"class":58},[52,24783,63],{"class":62},[52,24785,67],{"class":66},[52,24787,189],{"class":188},[52,24789,7786],{"class":192},[52,24791,189],{"class":188},[52,24793,152],{"class":66},[52,24795,200],{"class":188},[52,24797,12997],{"class":192},[52,24799,189],{"class":188},[52,24801,80],{"class":66},[52,24803,24804,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24805,119],{"class":118},[52,24807,122],{"class":66},[52,24809,13741],{"class":92},[52,24811,89],{"class":66},[52,24813,17037],{"class":92},[52,24815,7312],{"class":66},[20,24817,24818],{},"Incorrect:",[43,24820,24822],{"className":45,"code":24821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24823,24824,24848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24825,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24827,12980],{"class":58},[52,24829,63],{"class":62},[52,24831,67],{"class":66},[52,24833,189],{"class":188},[52,24835,7786],{"class":192},[52,24837,189],{"class":188},[52,24839,152],{"class":66},[52,24841,200],{"class":188},[52,24843,12997],{"class":192},[52,24845,189],{"class":188},[52,24847,80],{"class":66},[52,24849,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858,24861],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24851,119],{"class":118},[52,24853,122],{"class":66},[52,24855,13741],{"class":92},[52,24857,89],{"class":66},[52,24859,17037],{"class":24860},"skxfh",[52,24862,127],{"class":66},[20,24864,24865],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[38,24867,17533],{"id":17532},[20,24869,24870,22084,24872,24874],{},[15,24871,17179],{},[15,24873,17128],{}," object.",[20,24876,24877],{},"This object:",[154,24879,24880,24883,24886,24892],{},[157,24881,24882],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[157,24884,24885],{},"can be used in a loop",[157,24887,24888,24889],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24890,24891],{},"list()",[157,24893,24894],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24896,347],{},[43,24898,24900],{"className":45,"code":24899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24901,24902,24943,24947,24962,24966,24976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24903,24904,24907,24909,24911,24913,24916,24918,24920,24922,24925,24927,24929,24931,24934,24936,24938,24941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24905,24906],{"class":58},"car ",[52,24908,63],{"class":62},[52,24910,67],{"class":66},[52,24912,189],{"class":188},[52,24914,24915],{"class":192},"brand",[52,24917,189],{"class":188},[52,24919,152],{"class":66},[52,24921,200],{"class":188},[52,24923,24924],{"class":192},"Toyota",[52,24926,189],{"class":188},[52,24928,74],{"class":66},[52,24930,200],{"class":188},[52,24932,24933],{"class":192},"year",[52,24935,189],{"class":188},[52,24937,152],{"class":66},[52,24939,24940],{"class":70}," 2020",[52,24942,80],{"class":66},[52,24944,24945],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,24946,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,24948,24949,24951,24953,24956,24958,24960],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24950,474],{"class":58},[52,24952,63],{"class":62},[52,24954,24955],{"class":58}," car",[52,24957,89],{"class":66},[52,24959,17037],{"class":92},[52,24961,8764],{"class":66},[52,24963,24964],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,24965,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,24967,24968,24970,24972,24974],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,24969,119],{"class":118},[52,24971,122],{"class":66},[52,24973,507],{"class":92},[52,24975,127],{"class":66},[52,24977,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,24979,119],{"class":118},[52,24981,122],{"class":66},[52,24983,3340],{"class":3020},[52,24985,122],{"class":66},[52,24987,507],{"class":92},[52,24989,2150],{"class":66},[20,24991,24992],{},[984,24993,2193],{},[43,24995,24997],{"className":45,"code":24996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24998,24999,25021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25000,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25002,17128],{"class":92},[52,25004,96],{"class":66},[52,25006,3420],{"class":188},[52,25008,24915],{"class":192},[52,25010,3420],{"class":188},[52,25012,74],{"class":66},[52,25014,3415],{"class":188},[52,25016,24933],{"class":192},[52,25018,3420],{"class":188},[52,25020,112],{"class":66},[52,25022,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25024,3409],{"class":62},[52,25026,3412],{"class":2187},[52,25028,3415],{"class":188},[52,25030,17128],{"class":192},[52,25032,3420],{"class":188},[52,25034,3423],{"class":62},[20,25036,25037,25038,25042,25043,89],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[30,25039,10855,25040,10859],{"href":17182},[15,25041,17185],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[30,25044,10855,25045,10859],{"href":17189},[15,25046,17192],{},[38,25048,25050],{"id":25049},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25052,25053],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[43,25055,25057],{"className":45,"code":25056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25058,25059,25112,25116,25132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25060,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25108,25110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25062,12980],{"class":58},[52,25064,63],{"class":62},[52,25066,67],{"class":66},[52,25068,189],{"class":188},[52,25070,7786],{"class":192},[52,25072,189],{"class":188},[52,25074,152],{"class":66},[52,25076,200],{"class":188},[52,25078,12997],{"class":192},[52,25080,189],{"class":188},[52,25082,74],{"class":66},[52,25084,200],{"class":188},[52,25086,9420],{"class":192},[52,25088,189],{"class":188},[52,25090,152],{"class":66},[52,25092,7908],{"class":70},[52,25094,74],{"class":66},[52,25096,200],{"class":188},[52,25098,15443],{"class":192},[52,25100,189],{"class":188},[52,25102,152],{"class":66},[52,25104,200],{"class":188},[52,25106,25107],{"class":192},"Math",[52,25109,189],{"class":188},[52,25111,80],{"class":66},[52,25113,25114],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25115,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,25117,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25119,6077],{"class":3996},[52,25121,18320],{"class":58},[52,25123,4003],{"class":3996},[52,25125,13023],{"class":58},[52,25127,89],{"class":66},[52,25129,17037],{"class":92},[52,25131,21706],{"class":66},[52,25133,25134,25136,25138,25140],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,25135,8188],{"class":118},[52,25137,122],{"class":66},[52,25139,14956],{"class":92},[52,25141,127],{"class":66},[20,25143,25144],{},[984,25145,2193],{},[43,25147,25149],{"className":45,"code":25148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25150,25151,25156,25161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25152,25153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25154,25155],{"class":58},"name\n",[52,25157,25158],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25159,25160],{"class":58},"age\n",[52,25162,25163],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25164,25165],{"class":58},"course\n",[20,25167,25168],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[43,25170,25172],{"className":45,"code":25171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25173,25174,25186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25175,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25177,6077],{"class":3996},[52,25179,18320],{"class":58},[52,25181,4003],{"class":3996},[52,25183,13023],{"class":58},[52,25185,6514],{"class":66},[52,25187,25188,25190,25192,25194],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25189,8188],{"class":118},[52,25191,122],{"class":66},[52,25193,14956],{"class":92},[52,25195,127],{"class":66},[20,25197,25198,25199,25202],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25200,25201],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[38,25204,5078,25206],{"id":25205},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25207,17179],{},[20,25209,137,25210,10719],{},[15,25211,17179],{},[154,25213,25214,25217,25220],{},[157,25215,25216],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[157,25218,25219],{},"you want to display available fields",[157,25221,25222],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25224,347],{},[43,25226,25228],{"className":45,"code":25227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25229,25230,25283,25287,25302,25319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25231,25232,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25252,25254,25256,25258,25261,25263,25265,25268,25270,25272,25275,25277,25279,25281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25233,25234],{"class":58},"product ",[52,25236,63],{"class":62},[52,25238,67],{"class":66},[52,25240,189],{"class":188},[52,25242,7786],{"class":192},[52,25244,189],{"class":188},[52,25246,152],{"class":66},[52,25248,200],{"class":188},[52,25250,25251],{"class":192},"Book",[52,25253,189],{"class":188},[52,25255,74],{"class":66},[52,25257,200],{"class":188},[52,25259,25260],{"class":192},"price",[52,25262,189],{"class":188},[52,25264,152],{"class":66},[52,25266,25267],{"class":70}," 12.99",[52,25269,74],{"class":66},[52,25271,200],{"class":188},[52,25273,25274],{"class":192},"stock",[52,25276,189],{"class":188},[52,25278,152],{"class":66},[52,25280,396],{"class":70},[52,25282,80],{"class":66},[52,25284,25285],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25286,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,25288,25289,25291,25293,25295,25298,25300],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25290,119],{"class":118},[52,25292,122],{"class":66},[52,25294,189],{"class":188},[52,25296,25297],{"class":192},"Available fields:",[52,25299,189],{"class":188},[52,25301,127],{"class":66},[52,25303,25304,25306,25308,25310,25313,25315,25317],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,25305,6077],{"class":3996},[52,25307,18320],{"class":58},[52,25309,4003],{"class":3996},[52,25311,25312],{"class":58}," product",[52,25314,89],{"class":66},[52,25316,17037],{"class":92},[52,25318,21706],{"class":66},[52,25320,25321,25323,25325,25327],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,25322,8188],{"class":118},[52,25324,122],{"class":66},[52,25326,14956],{"class":92},[52,25328,127],{"class":66},[20,25330,25331],{},[984,25332,2193],{},[43,25334,25336],{"className":45,"code":25335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25337,25338,25345,25349,25354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25339,25340,25343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25341,25342],{"class":58},"Available fields",[52,25344,6514],{"class":66},[52,25346,25347],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25348,25155],{"class":58},[52,25350,25351],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25352,25353],{"class":58},"price\n",[52,25355,25356],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,25357,25358],{"class":58},"stock\n",[20,25360,25361],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[43,25363,25365],{"className":45,"code":25364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25366,25367,25403,25407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25368,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385,25387,25389,25391,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25370,25234],{"class":58},[52,25372,63],{"class":62},[52,25374,67],{"class":66},[52,25376,189],{"class":188},[52,25378,7786],{"class":192},[52,25380,189],{"class":188},[52,25382,152],{"class":66},[52,25384,200],{"class":188},[52,25386,25251],{"class":192},[52,25388,189],{"class":188},[52,25390,74],{"class":66},[52,25392,200],{"class":188},[52,25394,25260],{"class":192},[52,25396,189],{"class":188},[52,25398,152],{"class":66},[52,25400,25267],{"class":70},[52,25402,80],{"class":66},[52,25404,25405],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25406,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,25408,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25410,119],{"class":118},[52,25412,122],{"class":66},[52,25414,189],{"class":188},[52,25416,7786],{"class":192},[52,25418,189],{"class":188},[52,25420,21284],{"class":3996},[52,25422,25312],{"class":92},[52,25424,89],{"class":66},[52,25426,17037],{"class":92},[52,25428,7312],{"class":66},[20,25430,25431,25432,89],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25433,3726],{},[20,25435,25436],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[43,25438,25440],{"className":45,"code":25439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25441,25442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25443,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25445,119],{"class":118},[52,25447,122],{"class":66},[52,25449,189],{"class":188},[52,25451,7786],{"class":192},[52,25453,189],{"class":188},[52,25455,21284],{"class":3996},[52,25457,25312],{"class":92},[52,25459,127],{"class":66},[20,25461,25462,25463,89],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[30,25464,21317],{"href":17267},[38,25466,25468],{"id":25467},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25470,25471,25472,89],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25473,17179],{},[1324,25475,8574,25477,25479],{"id":25476},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25478,17179],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25481,25482,25484],{},[15,25483,17179],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25486,347],{},[43,25488,25490],{"className":45,"code":25489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25491,25492,25528],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25493,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25495,9288],{"class":58},[52,25497,63],{"class":62},[52,25499,67],{"class":66},[52,25501,189],{"class":188},[52,25503,7786],{"class":192},[52,25505,189],{"class":188},[52,25507,152],{"class":66},[52,25509,200],{"class":188},[52,25511,12997],{"class":192},[52,25513,189],{"class":188},[52,25515,74],{"class":66},[52,25517,200],{"class":188},[52,25519,9420],{"class":192},[52,25521,189],{"class":188},[52,25523,152],{"class":66},[52,25525,7908],{"class":70},[52,25527,80],{"class":66},[52,25529,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25531,119],{"class":118},[52,25533,122],{"class":66},[52,25535,9327],{"class":92},[52,25537,89],{"class":66},[52,25539,17037],{"class":92},[52,25541,7312],{"class":66},[20,25543,25544],{},[984,25545,2193],{},[43,25547,25549],{"className":45,"code":25548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25550,25551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25552,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25554,17128],{"class":92},[52,25556,96],{"class":66},[52,25558,3420],{"class":188},[52,25560,7786],{"class":192},[52,25562,3420],{"class":188},[52,25564,74],{"class":66},[52,25566,3415],{"class":188},[52,25568,9420],{"class":192},[52,25570,3420],{"class":188},[52,25572,112],{"class":66},[20,25574,25575,25576,89],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[30,25577,25578],{"href":17189},[15,25579,17192],{},[1324,25581,25583,25584],{"id":25582},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25585,17128],{},[20,25587,25588],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[43,25590,25592],{"className":45,"code":25591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25593,25594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25595,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25597,4020],{"class":66},[52,25599,3420],{"class":188},[52,25601,7786],{"class":192},[52,25603,3420],{"class":188},[52,25605,74],{"class":66},[52,25607,3415],{"class":188},[52,25609,9420],{"class":192},[52,25611,3420],{"class":188},[52,25613,3756],{"class":66},[20,25615,25616,25617,25619],{},"But ",[15,25618,17179],{}," returns:",[43,25621,25622],{"className":45,"code":25548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,25623,25624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25625,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25627,17128],{"class":92},[52,25629,96],{"class":66},[52,25631,3420],{"class":188},[52,25633,7786],{"class":192},[52,25635,3420],{"class":188},[52,25637,74],{"class":66},[52,25639,3415],{"class":188},[52,25641,9420],{"class":192},[52,25643,3420],{"class":188},[52,25645,112],{"class":66},[20,25647,25648],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[43,25650,25652],{"className":45,"code":25651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25653,25654,25690,25709,25713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25655,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25657,9288],{"class":58},[52,25659,63],{"class":62},[52,25661,67],{"class":66},[52,25663,189],{"class":188},[52,25665,7786],{"class":192},[52,25667,189],{"class":188},[52,25669,152],{"class":66},[52,25671,200],{"class":188},[52,25673,12997],{"class":192},[52,25675,189],{"class":188},[52,25677,74],{"class":66},[52,25679,200],{"class":188},[52,25681,9420],{"class":192},[52,25683,189],{"class":188},[52,25685,152],{"class":66},[52,25687,7908],{"class":70},[52,25689,80],{"class":66},[52,25691,25692,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25693,25694],{"class":58},"key_list ",[52,25696,63],{"class":62},[52,25698,22669],{"class":3020},[52,25700,122],{"class":66},[52,25702,9327],{"class":92},[52,25704,89],{"class":66},[52,25706,17037],{"class":92},[52,25708,7312],{"class":66},[52,25710,25711],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25712,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,25714,25715,25717,25719,25722],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,25716,119],{"class":118},[52,25718,122],{"class":66},[52,25720,25721],{"class":92},"key_list",[52,25723,127],{"class":66},[1324,25725,25727,25728,25730],{"id":25726},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25729,17179],{}," on a list or string",[20,25732,25733,25735],{},[15,25734,17179],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25737,1671],{},[43,25739,25741],{"className":45,"code":25740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25742,25743,25763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25744,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25746,59],{"class":58},[52,25748,63],{"class":62},[52,25750,3743],{"class":66},[52,25752,71],{"class":70},[52,25754,74],{"class":66},[52,25756,77],{"class":70},[52,25758,74],{"class":66},[52,25760,104],{"class":70},[52,25762,3756],{"class":66},[52,25764,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25766,119],{"class":118},[52,25768,122],{"class":66},[52,25770,86],{"class":92},[52,25772,89],{"class":66},[52,25774,17037],{"class":92},[52,25776,7312],{"class":66},[20,25778,25779,25780,25783,25784,25786,25787,89],{},"You may get an ",[15,25781,25782],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25785,17179],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[30,25788,1781,25790,25793],{"href":25789},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,25791,25792],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1324,25795,25797],{"id":25796},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25799,25800],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[43,25802,25804],{"className":45,"code":25803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25805,25806,25830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25807,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25809,9288],{"class":58},[52,25811,63],{"class":62},[52,25813,67],{"class":66},[52,25815,189],{"class":188},[52,25817,7786],{"class":192},[52,25819,189],{"class":188},[52,25821,152],{"class":66},[52,25823,200],{"class":188},[52,25825,12997],{"class":192},[52,25827,189],{"class":188},[52,25829,80],{"class":66},[52,25831,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25833,119],{"class":118},[52,25835,122],{"class":66},[52,25837,9327],{"class":92},[52,25839,89],{"class":66},[52,25841,17037],{"class":24860},[52,25843,127],{"class":66},[20,25845,25846],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25848,18806],{},[43,25850,25852],{"className":45,"code":25851,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25853,25854],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25855,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25857,119],{"class":118},[52,25859,122],{"class":66},[52,25861,9327],{"class":92},[52,25863,89],{"class":66},[52,25865,17037],{"class":92},[52,25867,7312],{"class":66},[38,25869,2948],{"id":2947},[20,25871,25872,25873,152],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25874,17179],{},[154,25876,25877,25882,25888,25894],{},[157,25878,8538,25879,25881],{},[15,25880,17179],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[157,25883,25884,25885,25887],{},"Thinking ",[15,25886,17179],{}," returns values too",[157,25889,25890,25891,25893],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25892,17128],{}," like a normal list",[157,25895,25896,25897,25899],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25898,17128],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25901,25902],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[43,25904,25906],{"className":45,"code":25905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25907,25908,25940,25954,25958,25968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25909,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25911,9288],{"class":58},[52,25913,63],{"class":62},[52,25915,67],{"class":66},[52,25917,189],{"class":188},[52,25919,30],{"class":192},[52,25921,189],{"class":188},[52,25923,152],{"class":66},[52,25925,5616],{"class":70},[52,25927,74],{"class":66},[52,25929,200],{"class":188},[52,25931,1393],{"class":192},[52,25933,189],{"class":188},[52,25935,152],{"class":66},[52,25937,77],{"class":70},[52,25939,80],{"class":66},[52,25941,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,25943,17356],{"class":58},[52,25945,63],{"class":62},[52,25947,14681],{"class":58},[52,25949,89],{"class":66},[52,25951,17037],{"class":92},[52,25953,8764],{"class":66},[52,25955,25956],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25957,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,25959,25960,25962,25964,25966],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,25961,119],{"class":118},[52,25963,122],{"class":66},[52,25965,17037],{"class":92},[52,25967,127],{"class":66},[52,25969,25970],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,25971,25972],{"class":133},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25974,25975],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[43,25977,25979],{"className":45,"code":25978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25980,25981,26013,26031,26035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25982,25983,25985,25987,25989,25991,25993,25995,25997,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25984,9288],{"class":58},[52,25986,63],{"class":62},[52,25988,67],{"class":66},[52,25990,189],{"class":188},[52,25992,30],{"class":192},[52,25994,189],{"class":188},[52,25996,152],{"class":66},[52,25998,5616],{"class":70},[52,26000,74],{"class":66},[52,26002,200],{"class":188},[52,26004,1393],{"class":192},[52,26006,189],{"class":188},[52,26008,152],{"class":66},[52,26010,77],{"class":70},[52,26012,80],{"class":66},[52,26014,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,26016,17356],{"class":58},[52,26018,63],{"class":62},[52,26020,22669],{"class":3020},[52,26022,122],{"class":66},[52,26024,9327],{"class":92},[52,26026,89],{"class":66},[52,26028,17037],{"class":92},[52,26030,7312],{"class":66},[52,26032,26033],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26034,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,26036,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,26038,119],{"class":118},[52,26040,122],{"class":66},[52,26042,17037],{"class":92},[52,26044,4020],{"class":66},[52,26046,2243],{"class":70},[52,26048,112],{"class":66},[38,26050,26052],{"id":26051},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26054,11230],{},[43,26056,26058],{"className":45,"code":26057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26059,26060,26074,26084,26098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26061,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26063,119],{"class":118},[52,26065,122],{"class":66},[52,26067,3340],{"class":3020},[52,26069,122],{"class":66},[52,26071,11566],{"class":92},[52,26073,2150],{"class":66},[52,26075,26076,26078,26080,26082],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,26077,119],{"class":118},[52,26079,122],{"class":66},[52,26081,11566],{"class":92},[52,26083,127],{"class":66},[52,26085,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26087,119],{"class":118},[52,26089,122],{"class":66},[52,26091,11566],{"class":92},[52,26093,89],{"class":66},[52,26095,17037],{"class":92},[52,26097,7312],{"class":66},[52,26099,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,26101,119],{"class":118},[52,26103,122],{"class":66},[52,26105,8213],{"class":3020},[52,26107,122],{"class":66},[52,26109,11566],{"class":92},[52,26111,89],{"class":66},[52,26113,17037],{"class":92},[52,26115,6410],{"class":66},[20,26117,26118],{},"These help you confirm:",[154,26120,26121,26124,26127,26132],{},[157,26122,26123],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[157,26125,26126],{},"what data it contains",[157,26128,26129,26130,11822],{},"what ",[15,26131,17179],{},[157,26133,26134],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[38,26136,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,26138,24028,26140,5263],{"id":26139},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26141,17179],{},[20,26143,17536,26144,26146],{},[15,26145,17128],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1324,26148,15018,26150,26153],{"id":26149},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26151,26152],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26155,26156,26157,26159,26160,89],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26158,17128],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26161,26162],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1324,26164,26166,26167,1964],{"id":26165},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26168,26152],{},[20,26170,26171,26172,26174],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26173,6077],{}," loop.",[1324,26176,26178,26179,26181],{"id":26177},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26180,17179],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26183,26184,26185,26187],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26186,17179],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1324,26189,26191],{"id":26190},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26193,137,26194,89],{},[15,26195,26196],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[38,26198,1996],{"id":1995},[154,26200,26201,26206,26212,26218,26224,26228],{},[157,26202,26203],{},[30,26204,26205],{"href":9511},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[157,26207,26208],{},[30,26209,10855,26210,10859],{"href":17182},[15,26211,17185],{},[157,26213,26214],{},[30,26215,10855,26216,10859],{"href":17189},[15,26217,17192],{},[157,26219,26220],{},[30,26221,26223],{"href":26222},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[157,26225,26226],{},[30,26227,17268],{"href":17267},[157,26229,26230],{},[30,26231,26232,26233,25793],{"href":25789},"How to fix ",[15,26234,25792],{},[2044,26236,26237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":26239},[26240,26241,26243,26244,26245,26246,26247,26249,26258,26259,26260,26271],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":24359,"depth":83,"text":26242},"What keys() does",{"id":5905,"depth":83,"text":5906},{"id":5548,"depth":83,"text":5549},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":25049,"depth":83,"text":25050},{"id":25205,"depth":83,"text":26248},"When to use keys()",{"id":25467,"depth":83,"text":25468,"children":26250},[26251,26253,26255,26257],{"id":25476,"depth":115,"text":26252},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25582,"depth":115,"text":26254},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25726,"depth":115,"text":26256},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25796,"depth":115,"text":25797},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":26051,"depth":83,"text":26052},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":26261},[26262,26264,26266,26268,26270],{"id":26139,"depth":115,"text":26263},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26149,"depth":115,"text":26265},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26165,"depth":115,"text":26267},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26177,"depth":115,"text":26269},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26190,"depth":115,"text":26191},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24181,"description":26272},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26278,"title":26279,"body":26280,"description":28552,"extension":2083,"meta":28553,"navigation":240,"path":28554,"seo":28555,"stem":28556,"__hash__":28557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26281,"toc":28505},[26282,26287,26292,26295,26297,26443,26456,26461,26465,26479,26481,26584,26593,26595,26598,26636,26661,26663,26770,26772,26779,26782,26790,26792,26933,26941,26946,26950,26961,26963,27125,27128,27136,27143,27149,27246,27252,27329,27332,27344,27349,27355,27358,27362,27451,27454,27458,27562,27569,27656,27665,27667,27672,27678,27681,27727,27730,27796,27805,27811,27904,27910,27916,27959,27962,28027,28033,28125,28128,28132,28138,28163,28166,28262,28269,28271,28276,28367,28369,28397,28402,28404,28411,28414,28418,28428,28433,28436,28442,28452,28459,28467,28469,28502],[10,26283,11436,26285,18],{"id":26284},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26286,12879],{},[20,26288,26289,26291],{},[15,26290,12686],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26293,26294],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[38,26296,41],{"id":40},[43,26298,26300],{"className":45,"code":26299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26301,26302,26338,26362,26376,26389,26393,26398,26430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26303,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26305,13319],{"class":58},[52,26307,63],{"class":62},[52,26309,67],{"class":66},[52,26311,189],{"class":188},[52,26313,7786],{"class":192},[52,26315,189],{"class":188},[52,26317,152],{"class":66},[52,26319,200],{"class":188},[52,26321,12997],{"class":192},[52,26323,189],{"class":188},[52,26325,74],{"class":66},[52,26327,200],{"class":188},[52,26329,9420],{"class":192},[52,26331,189],{"class":188},[52,26333,152],{"class":66},[52,26335,9427],{"class":70},[52,26337,80],{"class":66},[52,26339,26340,26343,26345,26347,26349,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,26341,26342],{"class":58},"removed_age ",[52,26344,63],{"class":62},[52,26346,13362],{"class":58},[52,26348,89],{"class":66},[52,26350,26351],{"class":92},"pop",[52,26353,122],{"class":66},[52,26355,189],{"class":188},[52,26357,9420],{"class":192},[52,26359,189],{"class":188},[52,26361,127],{"class":66},[52,26363,26364,26366,26368,26371,26373],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26365,119],{"class":118},[52,26367,122],{"class":66},[52,26369,26370],{"class":92},"removed_age",[52,26372,3782],{"class":66},[52,26374,26375],{"class":133},"   # 25\n",[52,26377,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,26379,119],{"class":118},[52,26381,122],{"class":66},[52,26383,17421],{"class":92},[52,26385,3782],{"class":66},[52,26387,26388],{"class":133},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,26390,26391],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,26392,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,26394,26395],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,26396,26397],{"class":133},"# Safe version with default value\n",[52,26399,26400,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26426,26428],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,26401,26402],{"class":58},"country ",[52,26404,63],{"class":62},[52,26406,13362],{"class":58},[52,26408,89],{"class":66},[52,26410,26351],{"class":92},[52,26412,122],{"class":66},[52,26414,189],{"class":188},[52,26416,15376],{"class":192},[52,26418,189],{"class":188},[52,26420,74],{"class":66},[52,26422,200],{"class":188},[52,26424,26425],{"class":192},"Not found",[52,26427,189],{"class":188},[52,26429,127],{"class":66},[52,26431,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,26433,119],{"class":118},[52,26435,122],{"class":66},[52,26437,15376],{"class":92},[52,26439,3782],{"class":66},[52,26441,26442],{"class":133},"       # Not found\n",[20,26444,137,26445,26448,26449,26452,26453,26455],{},[15,26446,26447],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26450,26451],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26454,19798],{}," when the key might not exist.",[38,26457,144,26459,147],{"id":26458},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26460,12686],{},[20,26462,26463,152],{},[15,26464,12686],{},[154,26466,26467,26470,26473,26476],{},[157,26468,26469],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[157,26471,26472],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[157,26474,26475],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[157,26477,26478],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26480,347],{},[43,26482,26484],{"className":45,"code":26483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26485,26486,26526,26530,26553,26557,26571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26487,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26489,11605],{"class":58},[52,26491,63],{"class":62},[52,26493,67],{"class":66},[52,26495,189],{"class":188},[52,26497,7786],{"class":192},[52,26499,189],{"class":188},[52,26501,152],{"class":66},[52,26503,200],{"class":188},[52,26505,13336],{"class":192},[52,26507,189],{"class":188},[52,26509,74],{"class":66},[52,26511,200],{"class":188},[52,26513,10528],{"class":192},[52,26515,189],{"class":188},[52,26517,152],{"class":66},[52,26519,200],{"class":188},[52,26521,10535],{"class":192},[52,26523,189],{"class":188},[52,26525,80],{"class":66},[52,26527,26528],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,26529,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,26531,26532,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26533,26534],{"class":58},"removed_city ",[52,26536,63],{"class":62},[52,26538,11688],{"class":58},[52,26540,89],{"class":66},[52,26542,26351],{"class":92},[52,26544,122],{"class":66},[52,26546,189],{"class":188},[52,26548,10528],{"class":192},[52,26550,189],{"class":188},[52,26552,127],{"class":66},[52,26554,26555],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,26556,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,26558,26559,26561,26563,26566,26568],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,26560,119],{"class":118},[52,26562,122],{"class":66},[52,26564,26565],{"class":92},"removed_city",[52,26567,3782],{"class":66},[52,26569,26570],{"class":133},"  # Paris\n",[52,26572,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,26574,119],{"class":118},[52,26576,122],{"class":66},[52,26578,11699],{"class":92},[52,26580,3782],{"class":66},[52,26582,26583],{"class":133},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26585,20882,26586,26589,26590,89],{},[15,26587,26588],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26591,26592],{},"\"Paris\"",[38,26594,268],{"id":267},[20,26596,26597],{},"There are two common forms:",[43,26599,26601],{"className":45,"code":26600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26602,26603,26617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26604,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26606,11566],{"class":58},[52,26608,89],{"class":66},[52,26610,26351],{"class":92},[52,26612,122],{"class":66},[52,26614,14956],{"class":92},[52,26616,127],{"class":66},[52,26618,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26634],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,26620,11566],{"class":58},[52,26622,89],{"class":66},[52,26624,26351],{"class":92},[52,26626,122],{"class":66},[52,26628,14956],{"class":92},[52,26630,74],{"class":66},[52,26632,26633],{"class":92}," default",[52,26635,127],{"class":66},[154,26637,26638,26644,26652,26658],{},[157,26639,26640,26643],{},[15,26641,26642],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[157,26645,26646,26648,26649,26651],{},[15,26647,26642],{}," raises ",[15,26650,19798],{}," if the key is missing",[157,26653,26654,26657],{},[15,26655,26656],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[157,26659,26660],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26662,347],{},[43,26664,26666],{"className":45,"code":26665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26667,26668,26700,26704,26729,26757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26669,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26671,5181],{"class":58},[52,26673,63],{"class":62},[52,26675,67],{"class":66},[52,26677,189],{"class":188},[52,26679,18528],{"class":192},[52,26681,189],{"class":188},[52,26683,152],{"class":66},[52,26685,20009],{"class":70},[52,26687,74],{"class":66},[52,26689,200],{"class":188},[52,26691,18537],{"class":192},[52,26693,189],{"class":188},[52,26695,152],{"class":66},[52,26697,13622],{"class":70},[52,26699,80],{"class":66},[52,26701,26702],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,26703,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,26705,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26707,119],{"class":118},[52,26709,122],{"class":66},[52,26711,16502],{"class":92},[52,26713,89],{"class":66},[52,26715,26351],{"class":92},[52,26717,122],{"class":66},[52,26719,189],{"class":188},[52,26721,18528],{"class":192},[52,26723,189],{"class":188},[52,26725,5479],{"class":66},[52,26727,26728],{"class":133},"         # 90\n",[52,26730,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,26732,119],{"class":118},[52,26734,122],{"class":66},[52,26736,16502],{"class":92},[52,26738,89],{"class":66},[52,26740,26351],{"class":92},[52,26742,122],{"class":66},[52,26744,189],{"class":188},[52,26746,18546],{"class":192},[52,26748,189],{"class":188},[52,26750,74],{"class":66},[52,26752,3952],{"class":70},[52,26754,5479],{"class":66},[52,26756,20879],{"class":133},[52,26758,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,26760,119],{"class":118},[52,26762,122],{"class":66},[52,26764,16502],{"class":92},[52,26766,3782],{"class":66},[52,26768,26769],{"class":133},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[38,26771,17533],{"id":17532},[20,26773,26774,982,26776,26778],{},[15,26775,12879],{},[984,26777,986],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26780,26781],{},"Instead, it returns:",[154,26783,26784,26787],{},[157,26785,26786],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[157,26788,26789],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26791,347],{},[43,26793,26795],{"className":45,"code":26794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26796,26797,26829,26833,26856,26888,26892,26906,26920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26798,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26800,9288],{"class":58},[52,26802,63],{"class":62},[52,26804,67],{"class":66},[52,26806,189],{"class":188},[52,26808,30],{"class":192},[52,26810,189],{"class":188},[52,26812,152],{"class":66},[52,26814,6124],{"class":70},[52,26816,74],{"class":66},[52,26818,200],{"class":188},[52,26820,1393],{"class":192},[52,26822,189],{"class":188},[52,26824,152],{"class":66},[52,26826,7908],{"class":70},[52,26828,80],{"class":66},[52,26830,26831],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,26832,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,26834,26835,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26836,26837],{"class":58},"result1 ",[52,26839,63],{"class":62},[52,26841,14681],{"class":58},[52,26843,89],{"class":66},[52,26845,26351],{"class":92},[52,26847,122],{"class":66},[52,26849,189],{"class":188},[52,26851,30],{"class":192},[52,26853,189],{"class":188},[52,26855,127],{"class":66},[52,26857,26858,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26884,26886],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,26859,26860],{"class":58},"result2 ",[52,26862,63],{"class":62},[52,26864,14681],{"class":58},[52,26866,89],{"class":66},[52,26868,26351],{"class":92},[52,26870,122],{"class":66},[52,26872,189],{"class":188},[52,26874,1491],{"class":192},[52,26876,189],{"class":188},[52,26878,74],{"class":66},[52,26880,200],{"class":188},[52,26882,26883],{"class":192},"missing",[52,26885,189],{"class":188},[52,26887,127],{"class":66},[52,26889,26890],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,26891,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,26893,26894,26896,26898,26901,26903],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,26895,119],{"class":118},[52,26897,122],{"class":66},[52,26899,26900],{"class":92},"result1",[52,26902,3782],{"class":66},[52,26904,26905],{"class":133},"  # 10\n",[52,26907,26908,26910,26912,26915,26917],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,26909,119],{"class":118},[52,26911,122],{"class":66},[52,26913,26914],{"class":92},"result2",[52,26916,3782],{"class":66},[52,26918,26919],{"class":133},"  # missing\n",[52,26921,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,26923,119],{"class":118},[52,26925,122],{"class":66},[52,26927,9327],{"class":92},[52,26929,3782],{"class":66},[52,26931,26932],{"class":133},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26934,26935,26936,1311],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[30,26937,26938],{"href":10854},[15,26939,26940],{},"dict.get()",[38,26942,5078,26944],{"id":26943},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26945,12879],{},[20,26947,137,26948,10719],{},[15,26949,12879],{},[154,26951,26952,26955,26958],{},[157,26953,26954],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[157,26956,26957],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[157,26959,26960],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26962,347],{},[43,26964,26966],{"className":45,"code":26965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26967,26968,27020,27024,27051,27055,27079,27083,27097,27111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26969,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982,26984,26986,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27004,27006,27008,27011,27013,27015,27018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26971,25234],{"class":58},[52,26973,63],{"class":62},[52,26975,67],{"class":66},[52,26977,189],{"class":188},[52,26979,7786],{"class":192},[52,26981,189],{"class":188},[52,26983,152],{"class":66},[52,26985,200],{"class":188},[52,26987,26988],{"class":192},"Laptop",[52,26990,189],{"class":188},[52,26992,74],{"class":66},[52,26994,200],{"class":188},[52,26996,25260],{"class":192},[52,26998,189],{"class":188},[52,27000,152],{"class":66},[52,27002,27003],{"class":70}," 1200",[52,27005,74],{"class":66},[52,27007,200],{"class":188},[52,27009,27010],{"class":192},"discount",[52,27012,189],{"class":188},[52,27014,152],{"class":66},[52,27016,27017],{"class":70}," 200",[52,27019,80],{"class":66},[52,27021,27022],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27023,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27025,27026,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27027,27028],{"class":58},"discount_amount ",[52,27030,63],{"class":62},[52,27032,25312],{"class":58},[52,27034,89],{"class":66},[52,27036,26351],{"class":92},[52,27038,122],{"class":66},[52,27040,189],{"class":188},[52,27042,27010],{"class":192},[52,27044,189],{"class":188},[52,27046,74],{"class":66},[52,27048,3952],{"class":70},[52,27050,127],{"class":66},[52,27052,27053],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27054,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27056,27057,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,27058,27059],{"class":58},"final_price ",[52,27061,63],{"class":62},[52,27063,25312],{"class":58},[52,27065,4020],{"class":66},[52,27067,189],{"class":188},[52,27069,25260],{"class":192},[52,27071,189],{"class":188},[52,27073,13388],{"class":66},[52,27075,2344],{"class":62},[52,27077,27078],{"class":58}," discount_amount\n",[52,27080,27081],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,27082,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27084,27085,27087,27089,27092,27094],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,27086,119],{"class":118},[52,27088,122],{"class":66},[52,27090,27091],{"class":92},"discount_amount",[52,27093,3782],{"class":66},[52,27095,27096],{"class":133},"  # 200\n",[52,27098,27099,27101,27103,27106,27108],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,27100,119],{"class":118},[52,27102,122],{"class":66},[52,27104,27105],{"class":92},"final_price",[52,27107,3782],{"class":66},[52,27109,27110],{"class":133},"      # 1000\n",[52,27112,27113,27115,27117,27120,27122],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,27114,119],{"class":118},[52,27116,122],{"class":66},[52,27118,27119],{"class":92},"product",[52,27121,3782],{"class":66},[52,27123,27124],{"class":133},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27126,27127],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[38,27129,27131,1083,27133],{"id":27130},"pop-vs-del",[15,27132,12879],{},[15,27134,27135],{},"del",[20,27137,10708,27138,668,27140,27142],{},[15,27139,12879],{},[15,27141,27135],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1324,27144,137,27146,27148],{"id":27145},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27147,12879],{}," when you need the removed value",[43,27150,27152],{"className":45,"code":27151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27153,27154,27190,27194,27216,27220,27233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27155,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27157,13319],{"class":58},[52,27159,63],{"class":62},[52,27161,67],{"class":66},[52,27163,189],{"class":188},[52,27165,7786],{"class":192},[52,27167,189],{"class":188},[52,27169,152],{"class":66},[52,27171,200],{"class":188},[52,27173,12997],{"class":192},[52,27175,189],{"class":188},[52,27177,74],{"class":66},[52,27179,200],{"class":188},[52,27181,9420],{"class":192},[52,27183,189],{"class":188},[52,27185,152],{"class":66},[52,27187,9427],{"class":70},[52,27189,80],{"class":66},[52,27191,27192],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27193,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27195,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27197,21739],{"class":58},[52,27199,63],{"class":62},[52,27201,13362],{"class":58},[52,27203,89],{"class":66},[52,27205,26351],{"class":92},[52,27207,122],{"class":66},[52,27209,189],{"class":188},[52,27211,9420],{"class":192},[52,27213,189],{"class":188},[52,27215,127],{"class":66},[52,27217,27218],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27219,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27221,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,27223,119],{"class":118},[52,27225,122],{"class":66},[52,27227,9420],{"class":92},[52,27229,3782],{"class":66},[52,27231,27232],{"class":133},"     # 25\n",[52,27234,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,27236,119],{"class":118},[52,27238,122],{"class":66},[52,27240,17421],{"class":92},[52,27242,3782],{"class":66},[52,27244,27245],{"class":133},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1324,27247,137,27249,27251],{"id":27248},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27250,27135],{}," when you only want deletion",[43,27253,27255],{"className":45,"code":27254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27256,27257,27293,27297,27313,27317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27258,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27260,13319],{"class":58},[52,27262,63],{"class":62},[52,27264,67],{"class":66},[52,27266,189],{"class":188},[52,27268,7786],{"class":192},[52,27270,189],{"class":188},[52,27272,152],{"class":66},[52,27274,200],{"class":188},[52,27276,12997],{"class":192},[52,27278,189],{"class":188},[52,27280,74],{"class":66},[52,27282,200],{"class":188},[52,27284,9420],{"class":192},[52,27286,189],{"class":188},[52,27288,152],{"class":66},[52,27290,9427],{"class":70},[52,27292,80],{"class":66},[52,27294,27295],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27296,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27298,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27300,27135],{"class":3996},[52,27302,13362],{"class":58},[52,27304,4020],{"class":66},[52,27306,189],{"class":188},[52,27308,9420],{"class":192},[52,27310,189],{"class":188},[52,27312,3756],{"class":66},[52,27314,27315],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27316,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27318,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,27320,119],{"class":118},[52,27322,122],{"class":66},[52,27324,17421],{"class":92},[52,27326,3782],{"class":66},[52,27328,27245],{"class":133},[20,27330,27331],{},"Difference:",[154,27333,27334,27339],{},[157,27335,27336,27338],{},[15,27337,12879],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[157,27340,27341,27343],{},[15,27342,27135],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27345,27346,27347,89],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[30,27348,12691],{"href":12690},[38,27350,27352,27353],{"id":27351},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27354,19798],{},[20,27356,27357],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1324,27359,27361],{"id":27360},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[43,27363,27365],{"className":45,"code":27364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27366,27367,27392,27396,27422,27426,27438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27368,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27388,27390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27370,11840],{"class":58},[52,27372,63],{"class":62},[52,27374,67],{"class":66},[52,27376,189],{"class":188},[52,27378,7786],{"class":192},[52,27380,189],{"class":188},[52,27382,152],{"class":66},[52,27384,200],{"class":188},[52,27386,27387],{"class":192},"Sara",[52,27389,189],{"class":188},[52,27391,80],{"class":66},[52,27393,27394],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27395,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27397,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27399,2568],{"class":58},[52,27401,63],{"class":62},[52,27403,11882],{"class":58},[52,27405,89],{"class":66},[52,27407,26351],{"class":92},[52,27409,122],{"class":66},[52,27411,189],{"class":188},[52,27413,9420],{"class":192},[52,27415,189],{"class":188},[52,27417,74],{"class":66},[52,27419,3972],{"class":3971},[52,27421,127],{"class":66},[52,27423,27424],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27425,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27427,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,27429,119],{"class":118},[52,27431,122],{"class":66},[52,27433,2593],{"class":92},[52,27435,3782],{"class":66},[52,27437,20672],{"class":133},[52,27439,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,27441,119],{"class":118},[52,27443,122],{"class":66},[52,27445,11566],{"class":92},[52,27447,3782],{"class":66},[52,27449,27450],{"class":133}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27452,27453],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1324,27455,27457],{"id":27456},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[43,27459,27461],{"className":45,"code":27460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27462,27463,27487,27491,27507,27530,27540,27547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27464,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27466,11840],{"class":58},[52,27468,63],{"class":62},[52,27470,67],{"class":66},[52,27472,189],{"class":188},[52,27474,7786],{"class":192},[52,27476,189],{"class":188},[52,27478,152],{"class":66},[52,27480,200],{"class":188},[52,27482,27387],{"class":192},[52,27484,189],{"class":188},[52,27486,80],{"class":66},[52,27488,27489],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27490,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27492,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27494,7115],{"class":3996},[52,27496,200],{"class":188},[52,27498,9420],{"class":192},[52,27500,189],{"class":188},[52,27502,21284],{"class":62},[52,27504,11882],{"class":58},[52,27506,6514],{"class":66},[52,27508,27509,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27510,27511],{"class":58},"    value ",[52,27513,63],{"class":62},[52,27515,11882],{"class":58},[52,27517,89],{"class":66},[52,27519,26351],{"class":92},[52,27521,122],{"class":66},[52,27523,189],{"class":188},[52,27525,9420],{"class":192},[52,27527,189],{"class":188},[52,27529,127],{"class":66},[52,27531,27532,27534,27536,27538],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,27533,8188],{"class":118},[52,27535,122],{"class":66},[52,27537,2593],{"class":92},[52,27539,127],{"class":66},[52,27541,27542,27545],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,27543,27544],{"class":3996},"else",[52,27546,6514],{"class":66},[52,27548,27549,27551,27553,27555,27558,27560],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,27550,8188],{"class":118},[52,27552,122],{"class":66},[52,27554,189],{"class":188},[52,27556,27557],{"class":192},"Key not found",[52,27559,189],{"class":188},[52,27561,127],{"class":66},[1324,27563,27565,27566,27568],{"id":27564},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27567,10858],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[43,27570,27572],{"className":45,"code":27571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27573,27574,27598,27602,27628,27632,27644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27575,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27577,11840],{"class":58},[52,27579,63],{"class":62},[52,27581,67],{"class":66},[52,27583,189],{"class":188},[52,27585,7786],{"class":192},[52,27587,189],{"class":188},[52,27589,152],{"class":66},[52,27591,200],{"class":188},[52,27593,27387],{"class":192},[52,27595,189],{"class":188},[52,27597,80],{"class":66},[52,27599,27600],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27601,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27603,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27605,2568],{"class":58},[52,27607,63],{"class":62},[52,27609,11882],{"class":58},[52,27611,89],{"class":66},[52,27613,19861],{"class":92},[52,27615,122],{"class":66},[52,27617,189],{"class":188},[52,27619,9420],{"class":192},[52,27621,189],{"class":188},[52,27623,74],{"class":66},[52,27625,3972],{"class":3971},[52,27627,127],{"class":66},[52,27629,27630],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27631,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27633,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,27635,119],{"class":118},[52,27637,122],{"class":66},[52,27639,2593],{"class":92},[52,27641,3782],{"class":66},[52,27643,20672],{"class":133},[52,27645,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,27647,119],{"class":118},[52,27649,122],{"class":66},[52,27651,11566],{"class":92},[52,27653,3782],{"class":66},[52,27655,27450],{"class":133},[20,27657,137,27658,27662,27663,89],{},[30,27659,27660],{"href":10854},[15,27661,26940],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[30,27664,11380],{"href":11192},[38,27666,4636],{"id":4635},[20,27668,27669,27670,89],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27671,12686],{},[1324,27673,25884,27675,27677],{"id":27674},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27676,12879],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27679,27680],{},"Lists use indexes:",[43,27682,27684],{"className":45,"code":27683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27685,27686,27706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27687,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27689,59],{"class":58},[52,27691,63],{"class":62},[52,27693,3743],{"class":66},[52,27695,2452],{"class":70},[52,27697,74],{"class":66},[52,27699,7908],{"class":70},[52,27701,74],{"class":66},[52,27703,7913],{"class":70},[52,27705,3756],{"class":66},[52,27707,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27709,119],{"class":118},[52,27711,122],{"class":66},[52,27713,86],{"class":92},[52,27715,89],{"class":66},[52,27717,26351],{"class":92},[52,27719,122],{"class":66},[52,27721,71],{"class":70},[52,27723,5479],{"class":66},[52,27725,27726],{"class":133},"  # 20\n",[20,27728,27729],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[43,27731,27733],{"className":45,"code":27732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27734,27735,27771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27736,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27738,13319],{"class":58},[52,27740,63],{"class":62},[52,27742,67],{"class":66},[52,27744,189],{"class":188},[52,27746,7786],{"class":192},[52,27748,189],{"class":188},[52,27750,152],{"class":66},[52,27752,200],{"class":188},[52,27754,12997],{"class":192},[52,27756,189],{"class":188},[52,27758,74],{"class":66},[52,27760,200],{"class":188},[52,27762,9420],{"class":192},[52,27764,189],{"class":188},[52,27766,152],{"class":66},[52,27768,9427],{"class":70},[52,27770,80],{"class":66},[52,27772,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27774,119],{"class":118},[52,27776,122],{"class":66},[52,27778,17421],{"class":92},[52,27780,89],{"class":66},[52,27782,26351],{"class":92},[52,27784,122],{"class":66},[52,27786,189],{"class":188},[52,27788,9420],{"class":192},[52,27790,189],{"class":188},[52,27792,5479],{"class":66},[52,27794,27795],{"class":133},"  # 25\n",[20,27797,27798,27799,27801,27802,27804],{},"A dictionary does ",[984,27800,986],{}," use positions with ",[15,27803,12879],{},". It uses keys.",[1324,27806,4821,27808,27810],{"id":27807},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27809,12879],{}," changes the original dictionary",[43,27812,27814],{"className":45,"code":27813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27815,27816,27848,27852,27874,27878,27891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27817,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27819,9288],{"class":58},[52,27821,63],{"class":62},[52,27823,67],{"class":66},[52,27825,189],{"class":188},[52,27827,930],{"class":192},[52,27829,189],{"class":188},[52,27831,152],{"class":66},[52,27833,5616],{"class":70},[52,27835,74],{"class":66},[52,27837,200],{"class":188},[52,27839,11861],{"class":192},[52,27841,189],{"class":188},[52,27843,152],{"class":66},[52,27845,77],{"class":70},[52,27847,80],{"class":66},[52,27849,27850],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27851,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27853,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27855,2568],{"class":58},[52,27857,63],{"class":62},[52,27859,14681],{"class":58},[52,27861,89],{"class":66},[52,27863,26351],{"class":92},[52,27865,122],{"class":66},[52,27867,189],{"class":188},[52,27869,930],{"class":192},[52,27871,189],{"class":188},[52,27873,127],{"class":66},[52,27875,27876],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27877,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27879,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,27881,119],{"class":118},[52,27883,122],{"class":66},[52,27885,2593],{"class":92},[52,27887,3782],{"class":66},[52,27889,27890],{"class":133},"  # 1\n",[52,27892,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,27894,119],{"class":118},[52,27896,122],{"class":66},[52,27898,9327],{"class":92},[52,27900,3782],{"class":66},[52,27902,27903],{"class":133},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27905,27906,27907,27909],{},"After ",[15,27908,12879],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1324,27911,8538,27913,27915],{"id":27912},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27914,12879],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[43,27917,27919],{"className":45,"code":27918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27920,27921,27945,27949,27954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27922,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27924,9288],{"class":58},[52,27926,63],{"class":62},[52,27928,67],{"class":66},[52,27930,189],{"class":188},[52,27932,7786],{"class":192},[52,27934,189],{"class":188},[52,27936,152],{"class":66},[52,27938,200],{"class":188},[52,27940,8040],{"class":192},[52,27942,189],{"class":188},[52,27944,80],{"class":66},[52,27946,27947],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27948,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27950,27951],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27952,27953],{"class":133},"# This causes an error\n",[52,27955,27956],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,27957,27958],{"class":133},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27960,27961],{},"Safer version:",[43,27963,27965],{"className":45,"code":27964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27966,27967,27991,27995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27968,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27970,9288],{"class":58},[52,27972,63],{"class":62},[52,27974,67],{"class":66},[52,27976,189],{"class":188},[52,27978,7786],{"class":192},[52,27980,189],{"class":188},[52,27982,152],{"class":66},[52,27984,200],{"class":188},[52,27986,8040],{"class":192},[52,27988,189],{"class":188},[52,27990,80],{"class":66},[52,27992,27993],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,27994,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,27996,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27998,119],{"class":118},[52,28000,122],{"class":66},[52,28002,9327],{"class":92},[52,28004,89],{"class":66},[52,28006,26351],{"class":92},[52,28008,122],{"class":66},[52,28010,189],{"class":188},[52,28012,9420],{"class":192},[52,28014,189],{"class":188},[52,28016,74],{"class":66},[52,28018,200],{"class":188},[52,28020,26883],{"class":192},[52,28022,189],{"class":188},[52,28024,5479],{"class":66},[52,28026,26919],{"class":133},[1324,28028,8574,28030,28032],{"id":28029},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28031,12879],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[43,28034,28036],{"className":45,"code":28035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28037,28038,28070,28074,28096,28100,28112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28039,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28041,9288],{"class":58},[52,28043,63],{"class":62},[52,28045,67],{"class":66},[52,28047,189],{"class":188},[52,28049,30],{"class":192},[52,28051,189],{"class":188},[52,28053,152],{"class":66},[52,28055,5616],{"class":70},[52,28057,74],{"class":66},[52,28059,200],{"class":188},[52,28061,1393],{"class":192},[52,28063,189],{"class":188},[52,28065,152],{"class":66},[52,28067,77],{"class":70},[52,28069,80],{"class":66},[52,28071,28072],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,28073,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,28075,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28077,474],{"class":58},[52,28079,63],{"class":62},[52,28081,14681],{"class":58},[52,28083,89],{"class":66},[52,28085,26351],{"class":92},[52,28087,122],{"class":66},[52,28089,189],{"class":188},[52,28091,30],{"class":192},[52,28093,189],{"class":188},[52,28095,127],{"class":66},[52,28097,28098],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,28099,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,28101,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,28103,119],{"class":118},[52,28105,122],{"class":66},[52,28107,507],{"class":92},[52,28109,3782],{"class":66},[52,28111,27890],{"class":133},[52,28113,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,28115,119],{"class":118},[52,28117,122],{"class":66},[52,28119,9327],{"class":92},[52,28121,3782],{"class":66},[52,28123,28124],{"class":133},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28126,28127],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[38,28129,28131],{"id":28130},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28133,28134,28135,28137],{},"Problems with ",[15,28136,12686],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[154,28139,28140,28143,28152,28155],{},[157,28141,28142],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[157,28144,28145,28146,28149,28150],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28147,28148],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28151,26447],{},[157,28153,28154],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[157,28156,28157,28158,1990,28160],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28159,71],{},[15,28161,28162],{},"\"1\"",[20,28164,28165],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[43,28167,28169],{"className":45,"code":28168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28170,28171,28195,28199,28229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28172,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28174,9288],{"class":58},[52,28176,63],{"class":62},[52,28178,67],{"class":66},[52,28180,189],{"class":188},[52,28182,71],{"class":192},[52,28184,189],{"class":188},[52,28186,152],{"class":66},[52,28188,200],{"class":188},[52,28190,6703],{"class":192},[52,28192,189],{"class":188},[52,28194,80],{"class":66},[52,28196,28197],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,28198,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,28200,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219,28222,28224,28226],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28202,119],{"class":118},[52,28204,122],{"class":66},[52,28206,9327],{"class":92},[52,28208,89],{"class":66},[52,28210,26351],{"class":92},[52,28212,122],{"class":66},[52,28214,71],{"class":70},[52,28216,74],{"class":66},[52,28218,200],{"class":188},[52,28220,28221],{"class":192},"not found",[52,28223,189],{"class":188},[52,28225,5479],{"class":66},[52,28227,28228],{"class":133},"    # not found\n",[52,28230,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,28232,119],{"class":118},[52,28234,122],{"class":66},[52,28236,9327],{"class":92},[52,28238,89],{"class":66},[52,28240,26351],{"class":92},[52,28242,122],{"class":66},[52,28244,189],{"class":188},[52,28246,71],{"class":192},[52,28248,189],{"class":188},[52,28250,74],{"class":66},[52,28252,200],{"class":188},[52,28254,28221],{"class":192},[52,28256,189],{"class":188},[52,28258,5479],{"class":66},[52,28260,28261],{"class":133},"  # one\n",[20,28263,28264,668,28266,28268],{},[15,28265,71],{},[15,28267,28162],{}," are different keys.",[38,28270,8994],{"id":8993},[20,28272,8997,28273,28275],{},[15,28274,12879],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,28277,28279],{"className":45,"code":28278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28280,28281,28291,28305,28323,28353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28282,28283,28285,28287,28289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28284,119],{"class":118},[52,28286,122],{"class":66},[52,28288,11566],{"class":92},[52,28290,127],{"class":66},[52,28292,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,28294,119],{"class":118},[52,28296,122],{"class":66},[52,28298,11566],{"class":92},[52,28300,89],{"class":66},[52,28302,17037],{"class":92},[52,28304,7312],{"class":66},[52,28306,28307,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28308,119],{"class":118},[52,28310,122],{"class":66},[52,28312,3420],{"class":188},[52,28314,7786],{"class":192},[52,28316,3420],{"class":188},[52,28318,21284],{"class":3996},[52,28320,11882],{"class":92},[52,28322,127],{"class":66},[52,28324,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,28326,119],{"class":118},[52,28328,122],{"class":66},[52,28330,11566],{"class":92},[52,28332,89],{"class":66},[52,28334,26351],{"class":92},[52,28336,122],{"class":66},[52,28338,3420],{"class":188},[52,28340,7786],{"class":192},[52,28342,3420],{"class":188},[52,28344,74],{"class":66},[52,28346,3415],{"class":188},[52,28348,26883],{"class":192},[52,28350,3420],{"class":188},[52,28352,2150],{"class":66},[52,28354,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,28356,119],{"class":118},[52,28358,122],{"class":66},[52,28360,3340],{"class":3020},[52,28362,122],{"class":66},[52,28364,11566],{"class":92},[52,28366,2150],{"class":66},[20,28368,21447],{},[154,28370,28371,28376,28381,28386,28392],{},[157,28372,28373,28375],{},[15,28374,12796],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[157,28377,28378,28380],{},[15,28379,21459],{}," shows all available keys",[157,28382,28383,28385],{},[15,28384,21465],{}," checks whether a key exists",[157,28387,28388,28391],{},[15,28389,28390],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[157,28393,28394,28396],{},[15,28395,12802],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28398,28399,28400,89],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[30,28401,9512],{"href":9511},[38,28403,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,28405,28407,28408,28410],{"id":28406},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28409,12879],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28412,28413],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1324,28415,28417],{"id":28416},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28419,28420,26648,28422,28424,28425,28427],{},[15,28421,26447],{},[15,28423,19798],{},". ",[15,28426,26451],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1324,28429,1937,28431,15011],{"id":28430},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28432,12879],{},[20,28434,28435],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1324,28437,1949,28439,28441],{"id":28438},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28440,12879],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28443,28444,28445,28447,28448,89],{},"Not with ",[15,28446,12686],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[30,28449,28450],{"href":12697},[15,28451,12886],{},[1324,28453,1959,28455,668,28457,1964],{"id":28454},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28456,10858],{},[15,28458,12879],{},[20,28460,28461,28463,28464,28466],{},[15,28462,10858],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28465,12879],{}," reads and removes it.",[38,28468,1996],{"id":1995},[154,28470,28471,28477,28484,28488,28492,28496],{},[157,28472,28473],{},[30,28474,28475],{"href":10854},[15,28476,19779],{},[157,28478,28479],{},[30,28480,28481],{"href":12697},[15,28482,28483],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[157,28485,28486],{},[30,28487,12903],{"href":12690},[157,28489,28490],{},[30,28491,21568],{"href":16710},[157,28493,28494],{},[30,28495,11380],{"href":11192},[157,28497,28498],{},[30,28499,28501],{"href":28500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2044,28503,28504],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":28506},[28507,28508,28510,28511,28512,28514,28521,28528,28538,28539,28540,28551],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":26458,"depth":83,"text":28509},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":26943,"depth":83,"text":28513},"When to use pop()",{"id":27130,"depth":83,"text":28515,"children":28516},"pop() vs del",[28517,28519],{"id":27145,"depth":115,"text":28518},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27248,"depth":115,"text":28520},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27351,"depth":83,"text":28522,"children":28523},"How to avoid KeyError",[28524,28525,28526],{"id":27360,"depth":115,"text":27361},{"id":27456,"depth":115,"text":27457},{"id":27564,"depth":115,"text":28527},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":28529},[28530,28532,28534,28536],{"id":27674,"depth":115,"text":28531},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27807,"depth":115,"text":28533},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27912,"depth":115,"text":28535},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28029,"depth":115,"text":28537},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28130,"depth":83,"text":28131},{"id":8993,"depth":83,"text":8994},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":28541},[28542,28544,28545,28547,28549],{"id":28406,"depth":115,"text":28543},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28416,"depth":115,"text":28417},{"id":28430,"depth":115,"text":28546},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28438,"depth":115,"text":28548},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28454,"depth":115,"text":28550},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26279,"description":28552},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28559,"title":28483,"body":28560,"description":30500,"extension":2083,"meta":30501,"navigation":240,"path":30502,"seo":30503,"stem":30504,"__hash__":30505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28561,"toc":30464},[28562,28567,28572,28575,28583,28593,28595,28684,28688,28737,28742,28747,28751,28767,28770,28772,28787,28789,28805,28812,28816,28822,28831,28833,28902,28906,28927,28930,28949,28952,28975,28977,28980,29095,29099,29158,29165,29169,29175,29300,29304,29354,29357,29361,29368,29370,29433,29437,29458,29461,29470,29485,29493,29500,29504,29516,29520,29531,29533,29679,29683,29742,29749,29754,29758,29764,29787,29792,29811,29815,29886,29893,29966,29975,29980,29985,29996,29999,30136,30141,30173,30178,30180,30184,30244,30247,30304,30307,30350,30352,30357,30363,30369,30372,30379,30387,30392,30395,30402,30410,30412,30461],[10,28563,11436,28565,18],{"id":28564},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28566,12886],{},[20,28568,2100,28569,28571],{},[15,28570,12886],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28573,28574],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[154,28576,28577,28580],{},[157,28578,28579],{},"remove an item",[157,28581,28582],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28584,28585,28586,28588,28589,28592],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28587,12886],{}," removes the ",[984,28590,28591],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[38,28594,2125],{"id":2124},[43,28596,28598],{"className":45,"code":28597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28599,28600,28644,28660,28664,28674],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28601,28602,28604,28606,28608,28610,28612,28614,28616,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28603,9288],{"class":58},[52,28605,63],{"class":62},[52,28607,67],{"class":66},[52,28609,189],{"class":188},[52,28611,30],{"class":192},[52,28613,189],{"class":188},[52,28615,152],{"class":66},[52,28617,5616],{"class":70},[52,28619,74],{"class":66},[52,28621,200],{"class":188},[52,28623,1393],{"class":192},[52,28625,189],{"class":188},[52,28627,152],{"class":66},[52,28629,77],{"class":70},[52,28631,74],{"class":66},[52,28633,200],{"class":188},[52,28635,1491],{"class":192},[52,28637,189],{"class":188},[52,28639,152],{"class":66},[52,28641,104],{"class":70},[52,28643,80],{"class":66},[52,28645,28646,28649,28651,28653,28655,28658],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,28647,28648],{"class":58},"item ",[52,28650,63],{"class":62},[52,28652,14681],{"class":58},[52,28654,89],{"class":66},[52,28656,28657],{"class":92},"popitem",[52,28659,8764],{"class":66},[52,28661,28662],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28663,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,28665,28666,28668,28670,28672],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,28667,119],{"class":118},[52,28669,122],{"class":66},[52,28671,23420],{"class":92},[52,28673,127],{"class":66},[52,28675,28676,28678,28680,28682],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,28677,119],{"class":118},[52,28679,122],{"class":66},[52,28681,9327],{"class":92},[52,28683,127],{"class":66},[20,28685,28686],{},[984,28687,2193],{},[43,28689,28691],{"className":45,"code":28690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28692,28693,28709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28694,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703,28705,28707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28696,122],{"class":66},[52,28698,3420],{"class":188},[52,28700,1491],{"class":192},[52,28702,3420],{"class":188},[52,28704,74],{"class":66},[52,28706,104],{"class":70},[52,28708,127],{"class":66},[52,28710,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,28712,9399],{"class":66},[52,28714,3420],{"class":188},[52,28716,30],{"class":192},[52,28718,3420],{"class":188},[52,28720,152],{"class":66},[52,28722,5616],{"class":70},[52,28724,74],{"class":66},[52,28726,3415],{"class":188},[52,28728,1393],{"class":192},[52,28730,3420],{"class":188},[52,28732,152],{"class":66},[52,28734,77],{"class":70},[52,28736,80],{"class":66},[20,28738,28739,28741],{},[15,28740,12886],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[38,28743,144,28745,147],{"id":28744},"what-popitem-does",[15,28746,12886],{},[20,28748,28749,152],{},[15,28750,12886],{},[154,28752,28753,28756,28761,28764],{},[157,28754,28755],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[157,28757,28758,28759],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28760,21766],{},[157,28762,28763],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[157,28765,28766],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28768,28769],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[38,28771,268],{"id":267},[43,28773,28775],{"className":45,"code":28774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28776,28777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28778,28779,28781,28783,28785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28780,15719],{"class":58},[52,28782,89],{"class":66},[52,28784,28657],{"class":92},[52,28786,8764],{"class":66},[20,28788,11575],{},[154,28790,28791,28799,28802],{},[157,28792,28793,28795,28796],{},[15,28794,12886],{}," takes ",[984,28797,28798],{},"no arguments",[157,28800,28801],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[157,28803,28804],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28806,28807,28808,1311],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[30,28809,28810],{"href":12683},[15,28811,12879],{},[38,28813,28815],{"id":28814},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28817,28818,28819,28821],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28820,12886],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28823,28824,28825,28828],"ol",{},[157,28826,28827],{},"the key",[157,28829,28830],{},"the value",[20,28832,347],{},[43,28834,28836],{"className":45,"code":28835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28837,28838,28874,28888,28892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28839,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28841,13319],{"class":58},[52,28843,63],{"class":62},[52,28845,67],{"class":66},[52,28847,189],{"class":188},[52,28849,7786],{"class":192},[52,28851,189],{"class":188},[52,28853,152],{"class":66},[52,28855,200],{"class":188},[52,28857,5121],{"class":192},[52,28859,189],{"class":188},[52,28861,74],{"class":66},[52,28863,200],{"class":188},[52,28865,9420],{"class":192},[52,28867,189],{"class":188},[52,28869,152],{"class":66},[52,28871,9427],{"class":70},[52,28873,80],{"class":66},[52,28875,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,28877,474],{"class":58},[52,28879,63],{"class":62},[52,28881,13362],{"class":58},[52,28883,89],{"class":66},[52,28885,28657],{"class":92},[52,28887,8764],{"class":66},[52,28889,28890],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28891,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,28893,28894,28896,28898,28900],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,28895,119],{"class":118},[52,28897,122],{"class":66},[52,28899,507],{"class":92},[52,28901,127],{"class":66},[20,28903,28904],{},[984,28905,2193],{},[43,28907,28909],{"className":45,"code":28908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28910,28911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28912,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28914,122],{"class":66},[52,28916,3420],{"class":188},[52,28918,9420],{"class":192},[52,28920,3420],{"class":188},[52,28922,74],{"class":66},[52,28924,9427],{"class":70},[52,28926,127],{"class":66},[20,28928,28929],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[43,28931,28933],{"className":45,"code":28932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28934,28935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28936,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28938,474],{"class":58},[52,28940,63],{"class":62},[52,28942,13362],{"class":58},[52,28944,89],{"class":66},[52,28946,28657],{"class":92},[52,28948,8764],{"class":66},[20,28950,28951],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[43,28953,28955],{"className":45,"code":28954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28956,28957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28958,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28960,14956],{"class":58},[52,28962,74],{"class":66},[52,28964,21695],{"class":58},[52,28966,63],{"class":62},[52,28968,13362],{"class":58},[52,28970,89],{"class":66},[52,28972,28657],{"class":92},[52,28974,8764],{"class":66},[38,28976,11592],{"id":11591},[20,28978,28979],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[43,28981,28983],{"className":45,"code":28982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28984,28985,29033,29037,29052,29056,29076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28986,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29017,29019,29021,29024,29026,29028,29031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28988,5181],{"class":58},[52,28990,63],{"class":62},[52,28992,67],{"class":66},[52,28994,189],{"class":188},[52,28996,28997],{"class":192},"Tom",[52,28999,189],{"class":188},[52,29001,152],{"class":66},[52,29003,5193],{"class":70},[52,29005,74],{"class":66},[52,29007,200],{"class":188},[52,29009,12997],{"class":192},[52,29011,189],{"class":188},[52,29013,152],{"class":66},[52,29015,29016],{"class":70}," 95",[52,29018,74],{"class":66},[52,29020,200],{"class":188},[52,29022,29023],{"class":192},"Leo",[52,29025,189],{"class":188},[52,29027,152],{"class":66},[52,29029,29030],{"class":70}," 88",[52,29032,80],{"class":66},[52,29034,29035],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29036,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29038,29039,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29040,29041],{"class":58},"removed_pair ",[52,29043,63],{"class":62},[52,29045,5228],{"class":58},[52,29047,89],{"class":66},[52,29049,28657],{"class":92},[52,29051,8764],{"class":66},[52,29053,29054],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,29055,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29057,29058,29060,29062,29064,29067,29069,29071,29074],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,29059,119],{"class":118},[52,29061,122],{"class":66},[52,29063,189],{"class":188},[52,29065,29066],{"class":192},"Removed:",[52,29068,189],{"class":188},[52,29070,74],{"class":66},[52,29072,29073],{"class":92}," removed_pair",[52,29075,127],{"class":66},[52,29077,29078,29080,29082,29084,29087,29089,29091,29093],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,29079,119],{"class":118},[52,29081,122],{"class":66},[52,29083,189],{"class":188},[52,29085,29086],{"class":192},"After removal:",[52,29088,189],{"class":188},[52,29090,74],{"class":66},[52,29092,5228],{"class":92},[52,29094,127],{"class":66},[20,29096,29097],{},[984,29098,2193],{},[43,29100,29102],{"className":45,"code":29101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29103,29104,29125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29105,29106,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29107,29108],{"class":58},"Removed",[52,29110,152],{"class":66},[52,29112,388],{"class":66},[52,29114,3420],{"class":188},[52,29116,29023],{"class":192},[52,29118,3420],{"class":188},[52,29120,74],{"class":66},[52,29122,29030],{"class":70},[52,29124,127],{"class":66},[52,29126,29127,29130,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29128,29129],{"class":58},"After removal",[52,29131,152],{"class":66},[52,29133,67],{"class":66},[52,29135,3420],{"class":188},[52,29137,28997],{"class":192},[52,29139,3420],{"class":188},[52,29141,152],{"class":66},[52,29143,5193],{"class":70},[52,29145,74],{"class":66},[52,29147,3415],{"class":188},[52,29149,12997],{"class":192},[52,29151,3420],{"class":188},[52,29153,152],{"class":66},[52,29155,29016],{"class":70},[52,29157,80],{"class":66},[20,29159,29160,29161,29164],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29162,29163],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[38,29166,29168],{"id":29167},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29170,29171,29172,29174],{},"Because ",[15,29173,12886],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[43,29176,29178],{"className":45,"code":29177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29179,29180,29216,29220,29239,29243,29262,29281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29181,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212,29214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29183,15562],{"class":58},[52,29185,63],{"class":62},[52,29187,67],{"class":66},[52,29189,189],{"class":188},[52,29191,15573],{"class":192},[52,29193,189],{"class":188},[52,29195,152],{"class":66},[52,29197,200],{"class":188},[52,29199,15582],{"class":192},[52,29201,189],{"class":188},[52,29203,74],{"class":66},[52,29205,200],{"class":188},[52,29207,15593],{"class":192},[52,29209,189],{"class":188},[52,29211,152],{"class":66},[52,29213,27017],{"class":70},[52,29215,80],{"class":66},[52,29217,29218],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29219,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29221,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29233,29235,29237],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29223,14956],{"class":58},[52,29225,74],{"class":66},[52,29227,21695],{"class":58},[52,29229,63],{"class":62},[52,29231,29232],{"class":58}," book",[52,29234,89],{"class":66},[52,29236,28657],{"class":92},[52,29238,8764],{"class":66},[52,29240,29241],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,29242,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29244,29245,29247,29249,29251,29254,29256,29258,29260],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,29246,119],{"class":118},[52,29248,122],{"class":66},[52,29250,189],{"class":188},[52,29252,29253],{"class":192},"Key:",[52,29255,189],{"class":188},[52,29257,74],{"class":66},[52,29259,21690],{"class":92},[52,29261,127],{"class":66},[52,29263,29264,29266,29268,29270,29273,29275,29277,29279],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,29265,119],{"class":118},[52,29267,122],{"class":66},[52,29269,189],{"class":188},[52,29271,29272],{"class":192},"Value:",[52,29274,189],{"class":188},[52,29276,74],{"class":66},[52,29278,8554],{"class":92},[52,29280,127],{"class":66},[52,29282,29283,29285,29287,29289,29292,29294,29296,29298],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,29284,119],{"class":118},[52,29286,122],{"class":66},[52,29288,189],{"class":188},[52,29290,29291],{"class":192},"Dictionary:",[52,29293,189],{"class":188},[52,29295,74],{"class":66},[52,29297,29232],{"class":92},[52,29299,127],{"class":66},[20,29301,29302],{},[984,29303,2193],{},[43,29305,29307],{"className":45,"code":29306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29308,29309,29319,29329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29310,29311,29314,29316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29312,29313],{"class":58},"Key",[52,29315,152],{"class":66},[52,29317,29318],{"class":58}," pages\n",[52,29320,29321,29324,29326],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29322,29323],{"class":58},"Value",[52,29325,152],{"class":66},[52,29327,29328],{"class":70}," 200\n",[52,29330,29331,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29332,29333],{"class":58},"Dictionary",[52,29335,152],{"class":66},[52,29337,67],{"class":66},[52,29339,3420],{"class":188},[52,29341,15573],{"class":192},[52,29343,3420],{"class":188},[52,29345,152],{"class":66},[52,29347,3415],{"class":188},[52,29349,15582],{"class":192},[52,29351,3420],{"class":188},[52,29353,80],{"class":66},[20,29355,29356],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[38,29358,29360],{"id":29359},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29362,29363,29364,28588,29366,89],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29365,12886],{},[984,29367,28591],{},[20,29369,347],{},[43,29371,29373],{"className":45,"code":29372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29374,29375,29419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29376,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29378,9288],{"class":58},[52,29380,63],{"class":62},[52,29382,67],{"class":66},[52,29384,189],{"class":188},[52,29386,930],{"class":192},[52,29388,189],{"class":188},[52,29390,152],{"class":66},[52,29392,5616],{"class":70},[52,29394,74],{"class":66},[52,29396,200],{"class":188},[52,29398,11861],{"class":192},[52,29400,189],{"class":188},[52,29402,152],{"class":66},[52,29404,77],{"class":70},[52,29406,74],{"class":66},[52,29408,200],{"class":188},[52,29410,22186],{"class":192},[52,29412,189],{"class":188},[52,29414,152],{"class":66},[52,29416,104],{"class":70},[52,29418,80],{"class":66},[52,29420,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29422,119],{"class":118},[52,29424,122],{"class":66},[52,29426,9327],{"class":92},[52,29428,89],{"class":66},[52,29430,28657],{"class":92},[52,29432,7312],{"class":66},[20,29434,29435],{},[984,29436,2193],{},[43,29438,29440],{"className":45,"code":29439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29441,29442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29443,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29445,122],{"class":66},[52,29447,3420],{"class":188},[52,29449,22186],{"class":192},[52,29451,3420],{"class":188},[52,29453,74],{"class":66},[52,29455,104],{"class":70},[52,29457,127],{"class":66},[20,29459,29460],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29462,29463,29464,29466,29467,29469],{},"As a beginner, do ",[984,29465,986],{}," think of ",[15,29468,12886],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29471,29472,29473,2311,29477,17186,29481,89],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[30,29474,29475],{"href":17189},[15,29476,17192],{},[30,29478,29479],{"href":17176},[15,29480,17179],{},[30,29482,29483],{"href":17182},[15,29484,17185],{},[38,29486,29488,29489,668,29491],{"id":29487},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29490,12886],{},[15,29492,12879],{},[20,29494,29495,668,29497,29499],{},[15,29496,12886],{},[15,29498,12879],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1324,29501,29502],{"id":28657},[15,29503,12886],{},[154,29505,29506,29509,29512],{},[157,29507,29508],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[157,29510,29511],{},"does not need a key argument",[157,29513,3812,29514],{},[15,29515,21766],{},[1324,29517,29518],{"id":26351},[15,29519,12879],{},[154,29521,29522,29525,29528],{},[157,29523,29524],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[157,29526,29527],{},"needs the key name",[157,29529,29530],{},"returns only the value",[20,29532,347],{},[43,29534,29536],{"className":45,"code":29535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29537,29538,29582,29586,29600,29620,29624,29646,29665,29669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29539,29540,29542,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29541,9288],{"class":58},[52,29543,63],{"class":62},[52,29545,67],{"class":66},[52,29547,189],{"class":188},[52,29549,30],{"class":192},[52,29551,189],{"class":188},[52,29553,152],{"class":66},[52,29555,5616],{"class":70},[52,29557,74],{"class":66},[52,29559,200],{"class":188},[52,29561,1393],{"class":192},[52,29563,189],{"class":188},[52,29565,152],{"class":66},[52,29567,77],{"class":70},[52,29569,74],{"class":66},[52,29571,200],{"class":188},[52,29573,1491],{"class":192},[52,29575,189],{"class":188},[52,29577,152],{"class":66},[52,29579,104],{"class":70},[52,29581,80],{"class":66},[52,29583,29584],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29585,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29587,29588,29590,29592,29594,29596,29598],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29589,28648],{"class":58},[52,29591,63],{"class":62},[52,29593,14681],{"class":58},[52,29595,89],{"class":66},[52,29597,28657],{"class":92},[52,29599,8764],{"class":66},[52,29601,29602,29604,29606,29608,29611,29613,29615,29618],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,29603,119],{"class":118},[52,29605,122],{"class":66},[52,29607,189],{"class":188},[52,29609,29610],{"class":192},"popitem():",[52,29612,189],{"class":188},[52,29614,74],{"class":66},[52,29616,29617],{"class":92}," item",[52,29619,127],{"class":66},[52,29621,29622],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,29623,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29625,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,29627,2568],{"class":58},[52,29629,63],{"class":62},[52,29631,14681],{"class":58},[52,29633,89],{"class":66},[52,29635,26351],{"class":92},[52,29637,122],{"class":66},[52,29639,189],{"class":188},[52,29641,30],{"class":192},[52,29643,189],{"class":188},[52,29645,127],{"class":66},[52,29647,29648,29650,29652,29654,29657,29659,29661,29663],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,29649,119],{"class":118},[52,29651,122],{"class":66},[52,29653,189],{"class":188},[52,29655,29656],{"class":192},"pop('a'):",[52,29658,189],{"class":188},[52,29660,74],{"class":66},[52,29662,8554],{"class":92},[52,29664,127],{"class":66},[52,29666,29667],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,29668,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29670,29671,29673,29675,29677],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,29672,119],{"class":118},[52,29674,122],{"class":66},[52,29676,9327],{"class":92},[52,29678,127],{"class":66},[20,29680,29681],{},[984,29682,2193],{},[43,29684,29686],{"className":45,"code":29685,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29687,29688,29709,29726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29689,29690,29692,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705,29707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29691,28657],{"class":92},[52,29693,29694],{"class":66},"():",[52,29696,388],{"class":66},[52,29698,3420],{"class":188},[52,29700,1491],{"class":192},[52,29702,3420],{"class":188},[52,29704,74],{"class":66},[52,29706,104],{"class":70},[52,29708,127],{"class":66},[52,29710,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29712,26351],{"class":92},[52,29714,122],{"class":66},[52,29716,3420],{"class":188},[52,29718,30],{"class":192},[52,29720,3420],{"class":188},[52,29722,16565],{"class":66},[52,29724,29725],{"class":70}," 1\n",[52,29727,29728,29730,29732,29734,29736,29738,29740],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29729,9399],{"class":66},[52,29731,3420],{"class":188},[52,29733,1393],{"class":192},[52,29735,3420],{"class":188},[52,29737,152],{"class":66},[52,29739,77],{"class":70},[52,29741,80],{"class":66},[20,29743,137,29744,29748],{},[30,29745,29746],{"href":12683},[15,29747,12879],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29750,137,29751,29753],{},[15,29752,12886],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[38,29755,29757],{"id":29756},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29759,29760,29761,29763],{},"Calling ",[15,29762,12886],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[43,29765,29767],{"className":45,"code":29766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29768,29769,29777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29770,29771,29773,29775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29772,9288],{"class":58},[52,29774,63],{"class":62},[52,29776,9957],{"class":66},[52,29778,29779,29781,29783,29785],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29780,9327],{"class":58},[52,29782,89],{"class":66},[52,29784,28657],{"class":92},[52,29786,8764],{"class":66},[20,29788,29789],{},[984,29790,29791],{},"Error:",[43,29793,29795],{"className":45,"code":29794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29796,29797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29798,29799,29801,29803,29805,29808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29800,19798],{"class":3020},[52,29802,152],{"class":66},[52,29804,3415],{"class":188},[52,29806,29807],{"class":192},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29809,29810],{"class":188},"'\n",[1324,29812,29814],{"id":29813},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[43,29816,29818],{"className":45,"code":29817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29819,29820,29828,29832,29840,29855,29865,29871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29821,29822,29824,29826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29823,9288],{"class":58},[52,29825,63],{"class":62},[52,29827,9957],{"class":66},[52,29829,29830],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29831,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29833,29834,29836,29838],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29835,7115],{"class":3996},[52,29837,14681],{"class":58},[52,29839,6514],{"class":66},[52,29841,29842,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,29843,29844],{"class":58},"    item ",[52,29846,63],{"class":62},[52,29848,14681],{"class":58},[52,29850,89],{"class":66},[52,29852,28657],{"class":92},[52,29854,8764],{"class":66},[52,29856,29857,29859,29861,29863],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,29858,8188],{"class":118},[52,29860,122],{"class":66},[52,29862,23420],{"class":92},[52,29864,127],{"class":66},[52,29866,29867,29869],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,29868,27544],{"class":3996},[52,29870,6514],{"class":66},[52,29872,29873,29875,29877,29879,29882,29884],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,29874,8188],{"class":118},[52,29876,122],{"class":66},[52,29878,189],{"class":188},[52,29880,29881],{"class":192},"Dictionary is empty",[52,29883,189],{"class":188},[52,29885,127],{"class":66},[1324,29887,29889,29890],{"id":29888},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29891,29892],{},"try-except",[43,29894,29896],{"className":45,"code":29895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29897,29898,29906,29910,29917,29931,29941,29951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29899,29900,29902,29904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29901,9288],{"class":58},[52,29903,63],{"class":62},[52,29905,9957],{"class":66},[52,29907,29908],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,29909,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,29911,29912,29915],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29913,29914],{"class":3996},"try",[52,29916,6514],{"class":66},[52,29918,29919,29921,29923,29925,29927,29929],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,29920,29844],{"class":58},[52,29922,63],{"class":62},[52,29924,14681],{"class":58},[52,29926,89],{"class":66},[52,29928,28657],{"class":92},[52,29930,8764],{"class":66},[52,29932,29933,29935,29937,29939],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,29934,8188],{"class":118},[52,29936,122],{"class":66},[52,29938,23420],{"class":92},[52,29940,127],{"class":66},[52,29942,29943,29946,29949],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,29944,29945],{"class":3996},"except",[52,29947,29948],{"class":3020}," KeyError",[52,29950,6514],{"class":66},[52,29952,29953,29955,29957,29959,29962,29964],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,29954,8188],{"class":118},[52,29956,122],{"class":66},[52,29958,189],{"class":188},[52,29960,29961],{"class":192},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[52,29963,189],{"class":188},[52,29965,127],{"class":66},[20,29967,29968,29969,89],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[30,29970,1781,29972],{"href":29971},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29973,29974],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[38,29976,5078,29978],{"id":29977},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29979,12886],{},[20,29981,29982,29984],{},[15,29983,12886],{}," is useful when:",[154,29986,29987,29990,29993],{},[157,29988,29989],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[157,29991,29992],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[157,29994,29995],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29997,29998],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[43,30000,30002],{"className":45,"code":30001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30003,30004,30013,30033,30053,30071,30075,30079,30089,30108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30005,30006,30009,30011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30007,30008],{"class":58},"tasks ",[52,30010,63],{"class":62},[52,30012,11610],{"class":66},[52,30014,30015,30017,30020,30022,30024,30026,30029,30031],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,30016,11615],{"class":188},[52,30018,30019],{"class":192},"first",[52,30021,189],{"class":188},[52,30023,152],{"class":66},[52,30025,200],{"class":188},[52,30027,30028],{"class":192},"wash dishes",[52,30030,189],{"class":188},[52,30032,11631],{"class":66},[52,30034,30035,30037,30040,30042,30044,30046,30049,30051],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30036,11615],{"class":188},[52,30038,30039],{"class":192},"second",[52,30041,189],{"class":188},[52,30043,152],{"class":66},[52,30045,200],{"class":188},[52,30047,30048],{"class":192},"do homework",[52,30050,189],{"class":188},[52,30052,11631],{"class":66},[52,30054,30055,30057,30060,30062,30064,30066,30069],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,30056,11615],{"class":188},[52,30058,30059],{"class":192},"third",[52,30061,189],{"class":188},[52,30063,152],{"class":66},[52,30065,200],{"class":188},[52,30067,30068],{"class":192},"read book",[52,30070,3479],{"class":188},[52,30072,30073],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,30074,80],{"class":66},[52,30076,30077],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,30078,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,30080,30081,30084,30087],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,30082,30083],{"class":3996},"while",[52,30085,30086],{"class":58}," tasks",[52,30088,6514],{"class":66},[52,30090,30091,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102,30104,30106],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,30092,30093],{"class":58},"    key",[52,30095,74],{"class":66},[52,30097,21695],{"class":58},[52,30099,63],{"class":62},[52,30101,30086],{"class":58},[52,30103,89],{"class":66},[52,30105,28657],{"class":92},[52,30107,8764],{"class":66},[52,30109,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,30111,8188],{"class":118},[52,30113,122],{"class":66},[52,30115,22403],{"class":2187},[52,30117,189],{"class":192},[52,30119,9399],{"class":70},[52,30121,14956],{"class":92},[52,30123,22412],{"class":70},[52,30125,22415],{"class":192},[52,30127,9399],{"class":70},[52,30129,2593],{"class":92},[52,30131,22412],{"class":70},[52,30133,189],{"class":192},[52,30135,127],{"class":66},[20,30137,30138],{},[984,30139,30140],{},"Possible output:",[43,30142,30144],{"className":45,"code":30143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30145,30146,30155,30164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30147,30148,30150,30152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30149,30059],{"class":58},[52,30151,152],{"class":66},[52,30153,30154],{"class":58}," read book\n",[52,30156,30157,30159,30161],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,30158,30039],{"class":58},[52,30160,152],{"class":66},[52,30162,30163],{"class":58}," do homework\n",[52,30165,30166,30168,30170],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30167,30019],{"class":58},[52,30169,152],{"class":66},[52,30171,30172],{"class":58}," wash dishes\n",[20,30174,29171,30175,30177],{},[15,30176,12886],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[38,30179,2948],{"id":2947},[20,30181,14848,30182,152],{},[15,30183,12886],{},[154,30185,30186,30200,30219,30230],{},[157,30187,30188,30193],{},[984,30189,29760,30190,30192],{},[15,30191,12886],{}," on an empty dictionary",[154,30194,30195],{},[157,30196,30197,30198,89],{},"This raises ",[15,30199,19798],{},[157,30201,30202,30207],{},[984,30203,8574,30204,30206],{},[15,30205,12886],{}," to remove a specific key",[154,30208,30209,30212],{},[157,30210,30211],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[157,30213,137,30214,30218],{},[30,30215,30216],{"href":12683},[15,30217,12879],{}," if you need that.",[157,30220,30221,30225],{},[984,30222,4821,30223,27810],{},[15,30224,12886],{},[154,30226,30227],{},[157,30228,30229],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[157,30231,30232,30235],{},[984,30233,30234],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[154,30236,30237],{},[157,30238,30239,22084,30241,30243],{},[15,30240,12886],{},[15,30242,21766],{}," tuple.",[20,30245,30246],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[43,30248,30250],{"className":45,"code":30249,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30251,30252,30262,30276,30280,30294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30253,30254,30256,30258,30260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30255,119],{"class":118},[52,30257,122],{"class":66},[52,30259,11566],{"class":92},[52,30261,127],{"class":66},[52,30263,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272,30274],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,30265,119],{"class":118},[52,30267,122],{"class":66},[52,30269,11279],{"class":118},[52,30271,122],{"class":66},[52,30273,11566],{"class":92},[52,30275,2150],{"class":66},[52,30277,30278],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30279,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,30281,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,30283,28648],{"class":58},[52,30285,63],{"class":62},[52,30287,11882],{"class":58},[52,30289,89],{"class":66},[52,30291,28657],{"class":92},[52,30293,8764],{"class":66},[52,30295,30296,30298,30300,30302],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,30297,119],{"class":118},[52,30299,122],{"class":66},[52,30301,23420],{"class":92},[52,30303,127],{"class":66},[20,30305,30306],{},"Or with unpacking:",[43,30308,30310],{"className":45,"code":30309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30311,30312,30330,30340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30313,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30315,14956],{"class":58},[52,30317,74],{"class":66},[52,30319,21695],{"class":58},[52,30321,63],{"class":62},[52,30323,11882],{"class":58},[52,30325,89],{"class":66},[52,30327,28657],{"class":92},[52,30329,8764],{"class":66},[52,30331,30332,30334,30336,30338],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,30333,119],{"class":118},[52,30335,122],{"class":66},[52,30337,14956],{"class":92},[52,30339,127],{"class":66},[52,30341,30342,30344,30346,30348],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30343,119],{"class":118},[52,30345,122],{"class":66},[52,30347,2593],{"class":92},[52,30349,127],{"class":66},[38,30351,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,30353,5260,30355,5263],{"id":30354},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30356,12886],{},[20,30358,30359,30360,89],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30361,30362],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1324,30364,1937,30366,30368],{"id":30365},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30367,12886],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30370,30371],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1324,30373,30375,30376,30378],{"id":30374},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30377,12886],{}," removes?",[20,30380,30381,30382,30386],{},"No. Use ",[30,30383,30384],{"href":12683},[15,30385,12879],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1324,30388,1937,30390,15011],{"id":30389},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30391,12886],{},[20,30393,30394],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1324,30396,30398,30399,30401],{"id":30397},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30400,12886],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30403,30404,30405,30407,30408,89],{},"It raises ",[15,30406,19798],{}," with the message ",[15,30409,29807],{},[38,30411,1996],{"id":1995},[154,30413,30414,30421,30427,30433,30439,30446,30450,30454],{},[157,30415,30416],{},[30,30417,30418,30420],{"href":12683},[15,30419,12879],{}," method for dictionaries",[157,30422,30423],{},[30,30424,30425,30420],{"href":17189},[15,30426,17192],{},[157,30428,30429],{},[30,30430,30431,30420],{"href":17176},[15,30432,17179],{},[157,30434,30435],{},[30,30436,30437,30420],{"href":17182},[15,30438,17185],{},[157,30440,30441],{},[30,30442,30444,30420],{"href":30443},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30445,11439],{},[157,30447,30448],{},[30,30449,12903],{"href":12690},[157,30451,30452],{},[30,30453,21568],{"href":16710},[157,30455,30456],{},[30,30457,30458,30459],{"href":29971},"Fix ",[15,30460,29974],{},[2044,30462,30463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":30465},[30466,30467,30469,30470,30471,30472,30473,30474,30479,30484,30486,30487,30499],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":28744,"depth":83,"text":30468},"What popitem() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":28814,"depth":83,"text":28815},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":29167,"depth":83,"text":29168},{"id":29359,"depth":83,"text":29360},{"id":29487,"depth":83,"text":30475,"children":30476},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30477,30478],{"id":28657,"depth":115,"text":12886},{"id":26351,"depth":115,"text":12879},{"id":29756,"depth":83,"text":29757,"children":30480},[30481,30482],{"id":29813,"depth":115,"text":29814},{"id":29888,"depth":115,"text":30483},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29977,"depth":83,"text":30485},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":30488},[30489,30491,30493,30495,30497],{"id":30354,"depth":115,"text":30490},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30365,"depth":115,"text":30492},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30374,"depth":115,"text":30494},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30389,"depth":115,"text":30496},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30397,"depth":115,"text":30498},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28483,"description":30500},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30507,"title":30508,"body":30509,"description":32407,"extension":2083,"meta":32408,"navigation":240,"path":14148,"seo":32409,"stem":32410,"__hash__":32411},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30510,"toc":32380},[30511,30516,30521,30524,30526,30621,30626,30631,30636,30639,30647,30650,30665,30667,30767,30769,30826,30830,30832,30835,30855,30860,30871,30874,30901,30904,30906,30963,30965,30986,30992,30997,31000,31011,31013,31121,31123,31176,31178,31190,31197,31203,31208,31211,31299,31301,31346,31349,31357,31360,31363,31432,31435,31438,31442,31445,31516,31518,31571,31574,31577,31580,31595,31598,31610,31613,31676,31678,31684,31686,31688,31767,31769,31810,31812,31877,31879,31916,31921,31926,31930,31944,31947,32070,32072,32157,32162,32164,32168,32190,32193,32273,32276,32295,32300,32302,32308,32313,32319,32322,32328,32331,32335,32340,32346,32352,32354,32377],[10,30512,11436,30514,18],{"id":30513},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30515,17],{},[20,30517,2100,30518,30520],{},[15,30519,17],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30522,30523],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[38,30525,2125],{"id":2124},[43,30527,30529],{"className":45,"code":30528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30530,30531,30567,30606,30616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30532,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30534,13319],{"class":58},[52,30536,63],{"class":62},[52,30538,67],{"class":66},[52,30540,189],{"class":188},[52,30542,7786],{"class":192},[52,30544,189],{"class":188},[52,30546,152],{"class":66},[52,30548,200],{"class":188},[52,30550,12997],{"class":192},[52,30552,189],{"class":188},[52,30554,74],{"class":66},[52,30556,200],{"class":188},[52,30558,9420],{"class":192},[52,30560,189],{"class":188},[52,30562,152],{"class":66},[52,30564,7908],{"class":70},[52,30566,80],{"class":66},[52,30568,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,30570,17421],{"class":58},[52,30572,89],{"class":66},[52,30574,93],{"class":92},[52,30576,5648],{"class":66},[52,30578,189],{"class":188},[52,30580,9420],{"class":192},[52,30582,189],{"class":188},[52,30584,152],{"class":66},[52,30586,30587],{"class":70}," 21",[52,30589,74],{"class":66},[52,30591,200],{"class":188},[52,30593,10528],{"class":192},[52,30595,189],{"class":188},[52,30597,152],{"class":66},[52,30599,200],{"class":188},[52,30601,16144],{"class":192},[52,30603,189],{"class":188},[52,30605,407],{"class":66},[52,30607,30608,30610,30612,30614],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30609,119],{"class":118},[52,30611,122],{"class":66},[52,30613,17421],{"class":92},[52,30615,127],{"class":66},[52,30617,30618],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,30619,30620],{"class":133},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30622,137,30623,30625],{},[15,30624,17],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[38,30627,144,30629,147],{"id":30628},"what-update-does",[15,30630,17],{},[20,30632,30633,30635],{},[15,30634,17],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30637,30638],{},"It can do two main things:",[154,30640,30641,30644],{},[157,30642,30643],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[157,30645,30646],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30648,30649],{},"Important things to know:",[154,30651,30652,30655,30658,30662],{},[157,30653,30654],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[157,30656,30657],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[157,30659,5266,30660],{},[15,30661,445],{},[157,30663,30664],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30666,347],{},[43,30668,30670],{"className":45,"code":30669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30671,30672,30714,30757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30673,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707,30710,30712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30675,12980],{"class":58},[52,30677,63],{"class":62},[52,30679,67],{"class":66},[52,30681,189],{"class":188},[52,30683,7786],{"class":192},[52,30685,189],{"class":188},[52,30687,152],{"class":66},[52,30689,200],{"class":188},[52,30691,30692],{"class":192},"Mira",[52,30694,189],{"class":188},[52,30696,74],{"class":66},[52,30698,200],{"class":188},[52,30700,20002],{"class":192},[52,30702,189],{"class":188},[52,30704,152],{"class":66},[52,30706,200],{"class":188},[52,30708,30709],{"class":192},"B",[52,30711,189],{"class":188},[52,30713,80],{"class":66},[52,30715,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30753,30755],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,30717,13741],{"class":58},[52,30719,89],{"class":66},[52,30721,93],{"class":92},[52,30723,5648],{"class":66},[52,30725,189],{"class":188},[52,30727,20002],{"class":192},[52,30729,189],{"class":188},[52,30731,152],{"class":66},[52,30733,200],{"class":188},[52,30735,22354],{"class":192},[52,30737,189],{"class":188},[52,30739,74],{"class":66},[52,30741,200],{"class":188},[52,30743,10528],{"class":192},[52,30745,189],{"class":188},[52,30747,152],{"class":66},[52,30749,200],{"class":188},[52,30751,30752],{"class":192},"Quito",[52,30754,189],{"class":188},[52,30756,407],{"class":66},[52,30758,30759,30761,30763,30765],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30760,119],{"class":118},[52,30762,122],{"class":66},[52,30764,13741],{"class":92},[52,30766,127],{"class":66},[20,30768,2193],{},[43,30770,30772],{"className":45,"code":30771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30773,30774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30775,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30777,9399],{"class":66},[52,30779,3420],{"class":188},[52,30781,7786],{"class":192},[52,30783,3420],{"class":188},[52,30785,152],{"class":66},[52,30787,3415],{"class":188},[52,30789,30692],{"class":192},[52,30791,3420],{"class":188},[52,30793,74],{"class":66},[52,30795,3415],{"class":188},[52,30797,20002],{"class":192},[52,30799,3420],{"class":188},[52,30801,152],{"class":66},[52,30803,3415],{"class":188},[52,30805,22354],{"class":192},[52,30807,3420],{"class":188},[52,30809,74],{"class":66},[52,30811,3415],{"class":188},[52,30813,10528],{"class":192},[52,30815,3420],{"class":188},[52,30817,152],{"class":66},[52,30819,3415],{"class":188},[52,30821,30752],{"class":192},[52,30823,3420],{"class":188},[52,30825,80],{"class":66},[20,30827,9274,30828,89],{},[30,30829,24738],{"href":9511},[38,30831,268],{"id":267},[20,30833,30834],{},"The basic form is:",[43,30836,30838],{"className":45,"code":30837,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30839,30840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30841,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30843,15719],{"class":58},[52,30845,89],{"class":66},[52,30847,93],{"class":92},[52,30849,122],{"class":66},[52,30851,30852],{"class":92},"other",[52,30854,127],{"class":66},[20,30856,30857,30859],{},[15,30858,30852],{}," can be:",[154,30861,30862,30865,30868],{},[157,30863,30864],{},"Another dictionary",[157,30866,30867],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[157,30869,30870],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30872,30873],{},"You can also use:",[43,30875,30877],{"className":45,"code":30876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30878,30879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30880,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30897,30899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30882,15719],{"class":58},[52,30884,89],{"class":66},[52,30886,93],{"class":92},[52,30888,122],{"class":66},[52,30890,7786],{"class":9298},[52,30892,63],{"class":62},[52,30894,189],{"class":188},[52,30896,7795],{"class":192},[52,30898,189],{"class":188},[52,30900,127],{"class":66},[20,30902,30903],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30905,347],{},[43,30907,30909],{"className":45,"code":30908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30910,30911,30931,30953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30912,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30914,9288],{"class":58},[52,30916,63],{"class":62},[52,30918,67],{"class":66},[52,30920,189],{"class":188},[52,30922,30],{"class":192},[52,30924,189],{"class":188},[52,30926,152],{"class":66},[52,30928,5616],{"class":70},[52,30930,80],{"class":66},[52,30932,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,30934,9327],{"class":58},[52,30936,89],{"class":66},[52,30938,93],{"class":92},[52,30940,5648],{"class":66},[52,30942,189],{"class":188},[52,30944,30],{"class":192},[52,30946,189],{"class":188},[52,30948,152],{"class":66},[52,30950,6124],{"class":70},[52,30952,407],{"class":66},[52,30954,30955,30957,30959,30961],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30956,119],{"class":118},[52,30958,122],{"class":66},[52,30960,9327],{"class":92},[52,30962,127],{"class":66},[20,30964,2193],{},[43,30966,30968],{"className":45,"code":30967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30969,30970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30971,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30973,9399],{"class":66},[52,30975,3420],{"class":188},[52,30977,30],{"class":192},[52,30979,3420],{"class":188},[52,30981,152],{"class":66},[52,30983,6124],{"class":70},[52,30985,80],{"class":66},[38,30987,8538,30989,30991],{"id":30988},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30990,17],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30993,30994,30995,89],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30996,17],{},[20,30998,30999],{},"It is useful when:",[154,31001,31002,31005,31008],{},[157,31003,31004],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[157,31006,31007],{},"Adding extra settings",[157,31009,31010],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31012,347],{},[43,31014,31016],{"className":45,"code":31015,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31017,31018,31055,31092,31096,31111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31019,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31021,13941],{"class":58},[52,31023,63],{"class":62},[52,31025,67],{"class":66},[52,31027,189],{"class":188},[52,31029,12611],{"class":192},[52,31031,189],{"class":188},[52,31033,152],{"class":66},[52,31035,200],{"class":188},[52,31037,21039],{"class":192},[52,31039,189],{"class":188},[52,31041,74],{"class":66},[52,31043,200],{"class":188},[52,31045,13966],{"class":192},[52,31047,189],{"class":188},[52,31049,152],{"class":66},[52,31051,31052],{"class":70}," 12",[52,31054,80],{"class":66},[52,31056,31057,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31058,31059],{"class":58},"new_settings ",[52,31061,63],{"class":62},[52,31063,67],{"class":66},[52,31065,189],{"class":188},[52,31067,13966],{"class":192},[52,31069,189],{"class":188},[52,31071,152],{"class":66},[52,31073,13973],{"class":70},[52,31075,74],{"class":66},[52,31077,200],{"class":188},[52,31079,20234],{"class":192},[52,31081,189],{"class":188},[52,31083,152],{"class":66},[52,31085,200],{"class":188},[52,31087,20268],{"class":192},[52,31089,189],{"class":188},[52,31091,80],{"class":66},[52,31093,31094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31095,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,31097,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31109],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,31099,14000],{"class":58},[52,31101,89],{"class":66},[52,31103,93],{"class":92},[52,31105,122],{"class":66},[52,31107,31108],{"class":92},"new_settings",[52,31110,127],{"class":66},[52,31112,31113,31115,31117,31119],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,31114,119],{"class":118},[52,31116,122],{"class":66},[52,31118,14000],{"class":92},[52,31120,127],{"class":66},[20,31122,2193],{},[43,31124,31126],{"className":45,"code":31125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31127,31128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31129,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31131,9399],{"class":66},[52,31133,3420],{"class":188},[52,31135,12611],{"class":192},[52,31137,3420],{"class":188},[52,31139,152],{"class":66},[52,31141,3415],{"class":188},[52,31143,21039],{"class":192},[52,31145,3420],{"class":188},[52,31147,74],{"class":66},[52,31149,3415],{"class":188},[52,31151,13966],{"class":192},[52,31153,3420],{"class":188},[52,31155,152],{"class":66},[52,31157,13973],{"class":70},[52,31159,74],{"class":66},[52,31161,3415],{"class":188},[52,31163,20234],{"class":192},[52,31165,3420],{"class":188},[52,31167,152],{"class":66},[52,31169,3415],{"class":188},[52,31171,20268],{"class":192},[52,31173,3420],{"class":188},[52,31175,80],{"class":66},[20,31177,13524],{},[154,31179,31180,31185],{},[157,31181,31182,31184],{},[15,31183,13966],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[157,31186,31187,31189],{},[15,31188,20234],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31191,31192,31193,89],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[30,31194,31196],{"href":31195},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[38,31198,8538,31200,31202],{"id":31199},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31201,17],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31204,31205,31207],{},[15,31206,17],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31209,31210],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[43,31212,31214],{"className":45,"code":31213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31215,31216,31236,31271,31275,31289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31217,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31219,5181],{"class":58},[52,31221,63],{"class":62},[52,31223,67],{"class":66},[52,31225,189],{"class":188},[52,31227,18528],{"class":192},[52,31229,189],{"class":188},[52,31231,152],{"class":66},[52,31233,20009],{"class":70},[52,31235,80],{"class":66},[52,31237,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31263,31265,31267,31269],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31239,9338],{"class":58},[52,31241,63],{"class":62},[52,31243,9343],{"class":66},[52,31245,189],{"class":188},[52,31247,18537],{"class":192},[52,31249,189],{"class":188},[52,31251,74],{"class":66},[52,31253,13622],{"class":70},[52,31255,399],{"class":66},[52,31257,388],{"class":66},[52,31259,189],{"class":188},[52,31261,31262],{"class":192},"english",[52,31264,189],{"class":188},[52,31266,74],{"class":66},[52,31268,29030],{"class":70},[52,31270,9370],{"class":66},[52,31272,31273],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31274,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,31276,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,31278,16502],{"class":58},[52,31280,89],{"class":66},[52,31282,93],{"class":92},[52,31284,122],{"class":66},[52,31286,9383],{"class":92},[52,31288,127],{"class":66},[52,31290,31291,31293,31295,31297],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,31292,119],{"class":118},[52,31294,122],{"class":66},[52,31296,16502],{"class":92},[52,31298,127],{"class":66},[20,31300,2193],{},[43,31302,31304],{"className":45,"code":31303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31305,31306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31307,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31309,9399],{"class":66},[52,31311,3420],{"class":188},[52,31313,18528],{"class":192},[52,31315,3420],{"class":188},[52,31317,152],{"class":66},[52,31319,20009],{"class":70},[52,31321,74],{"class":66},[52,31323,3415],{"class":188},[52,31325,18537],{"class":192},[52,31327,3420],{"class":188},[52,31329,152],{"class":66},[52,31331,13622],{"class":70},[52,31333,74],{"class":66},[52,31335,3415],{"class":188},[52,31337,31262],{"class":192},[52,31339,3420],{"class":188},[52,31341,152],{"class":66},[52,31343,29030],{"class":70},[52,31345,80],{"class":66},[20,31347,31348],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[154,31350,31351,31354],{},[157,31352,31353],{},"The key",[157,31355,31356],{},"The value",[20,31358,31359],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31361,31362],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[43,31364,31366],{"className":45,"code":31365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31367,31368,31388,31413,31417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31369,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31371,9288],{"class":58},[52,31373,63],{"class":62},[52,31375,67],{"class":66},[52,31377,189],{"class":188},[52,31379,30],{"class":192},[52,31381,189],{"class":188},[52,31383,152],{"class":66},[52,31385,5616],{"class":70},[52,31387,80],{"class":66},[52,31389,31390,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31391,31392],{"class":58},"bad_pairs ",[52,31394,63],{"class":62},[52,31396,9343],{"class":66},[52,31398,189],{"class":188},[52,31400,1393],{"class":192},[52,31402,189],{"class":188},[52,31404,74],{"class":66},[52,31406,77],{"class":70},[52,31408,74],{"class":66},[52,31410,104],{"class":70},[52,31412,9370],{"class":66},[52,31414,31415],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31416,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,31418,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31430],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,31420,9327],{"class":58},[52,31422,89],{"class":66},[52,31424,93],{"class":92},[52,31426,122],{"class":66},[52,31428,31429],{"class":92},"bad_pairs",[52,31431,127],{"class":66},[20,31433,31434],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31436,31437],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[38,31439,31441],{"id":31440},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31443,31444],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[43,31446,31448],{"className":45,"code":31447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31449,31450,31474,31506],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31451,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31453,11605],{"class":58},[52,31455,63],{"class":62},[52,31457,67],{"class":66},[52,31459,189],{"class":188},[52,31461,7786],{"class":192},[52,31463,189],{"class":188},[52,31465,152],{"class":66},[52,31467,200],{"class":188},[52,31469,29023],{"class":192},[52,31471,189],{"class":188},[52,31473,80],{"class":66},[52,31475,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31495,31497,31499,31502,31504],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31477,11699],{"class":58},[52,31479,89],{"class":66},[52,31481,93],{"class":92},[52,31483,122],{"class":66},[52,31485,9420],{"class":9298},[52,31487,63],{"class":62},[52,31489,9316],{"class":70},[52,31491,74],{"class":66},[52,31493,31494],{"class":9298}," city",[52,31496,63],{"class":62},[52,31498,189],{"class":188},[52,31500,31501],{"class":192},"Madrid",[52,31503,189],{"class":188},[52,31505,127],{"class":66},[52,31507,31508,31510,31512,31514],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31509,119],{"class":118},[52,31511,122],{"class":66},[52,31513,11699],{"class":92},[52,31515,127],{"class":66},[20,31517,2193],{},[43,31519,31521],{"className":45,"code":31520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31522,31523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31524,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31526,9399],{"class":66},[52,31528,3420],{"class":188},[52,31530,7786],{"class":192},[52,31532,3420],{"class":188},[52,31534,152],{"class":66},[52,31536,3415],{"class":188},[52,31538,29023],{"class":192},[52,31540,3420],{"class":188},[52,31542,74],{"class":66},[52,31544,3415],{"class":188},[52,31546,9420],{"class":192},[52,31548,3420],{"class":188},[52,31550,152],{"class":66},[52,31552,9427],{"class":70},[52,31554,74],{"class":66},[52,31556,3415],{"class":188},[52,31558,10528],{"class":192},[52,31560,3420],{"class":188},[52,31562,152],{"class":66},[52,31564,3415],{"class":188},[52,31566,31501],{"class":192},[52,31568,3420],{"class":188},[52,31570,80],{"class":66},[20,31572,31573],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31575,31576],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31578,31579],{},"These work:",[154,31581,31582,31586,31590],{},[157,31583,31584],{},[15,31585,9420],{},[157,31587,31588],{},[15,31589,10528],{},[157,31591,31592],{},[15,31593,31594],{},"first_name",[20,31596,31597],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[154,31599,31600,31605],{},[157,31601,31602],{},[15,31603,31604],{},"\"first name\"",[157,31606,31607],{},[15,31608,31609],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31611,31612],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[43,31614,31616],{"className":45,"code":31615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31617,31618,31626,31666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31619,31620,31622,31624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31621,11605],{"class":58},[52,31623,63],{"class":62},[52,31625,9957],{"class":66},[52,31627,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31657,31659,31661,31664],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31629,11699],{"class":58},[52,31631,89],{"class":66},[52,31633,93],{"class":92},[52,31635,5648],{"class":66},[52,31637,189],{"class":188},[52,31639,10631],{"class":192},[52,31641,189],{"class":188},[52,31643,152],{"class":66},[52,31645,200],{"class":188},[52,31647,29023],{"class":192},[52,31649,189],{"class":188},[52,31651,74],{"class":66},[52,31653,200],{"class":188},[52,31655,31656],{"class":192},"user-id",[52,31658,189],{"class":188},[52,31660,152],{"class":66},[52,31662,31663],{"class":70}," 1001",[52,31665,407],{"class":66},[52,31667,31668,31670,31672,31674],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31669,119],{"class":118},[52,31671,122],{"class":66},[52,31673,11699],{"class":92},[52,31675,127],{"class":66},[38,31677,17533],{"id":17532},[20,31679,31680,442,31682,89],{},[15,31681,17],{},[15,31683,445],{},[20,31685,14164],{},[20,31687,24818],{},[43,31689,31691],{"className":45,"code":31690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31692,31693,31717,31743,31747,31757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31694,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31696,13319],{"class":58},[52,31698,63],{"class":62},[52,31700,67],{"class":66},[52,31702,189],{"class":188},[52,31704,7786],{"class":192},[52,31706,189],{"class":188},[52,31708,152],{"class":66},[52,31710,200],{"class":188},[52,31712,12997],{"class":192},[52,31714,189],{"class":188},[52,31716,80],{"class":66},[52,31718,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31720,474],{"class":58},[52,31722,63],{"class":62},[52,31724,13362],{"class":58},[52,31726,89],{"class":66},[52,31728,93],{"class":92},[52,31730,5648],{"class":66},[52,31732,189],{"class":188},[52,31734,9420],{"class":192},[52,31736,189],{"class":188},[52,31738,152],{"class":66},[52,31740,7908],{"class":70},[52,31742,407],{"class":66},[52,31744,31745],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31746,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,31748,31749,31751,31753,31755],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,31750,119],{"class":118},[52,31752,122],{"class":66},[52,31754,507],{"class":92},[52,31756,127],{"class":66},[52,31758,31759,31761,31763,31765],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,31760,119],{"class":118},[52,31762,122],{"class":66},[52,31764,17421],{"class":92},[52,31766,127],{"class":66},[20,31768,2193],{},[43,31770,31772],{"className":45,"code":31771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31773,31774,31778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31775,31776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31777,11924],{"class":3971},[52,31779,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31781,9399],{"class":66},[52,31783,3420],{"class":188},[52,31785,7786],{"class":192},[52,31787,3420],{"class":188},[52,31789,152],{"class":66},[52,31791,3415],{"class":188},[52,31793,12997],{"class":192},[52,31795,3420],{"class":188},[52,31797,74],{"class":66},[52,31799,3415],{"class":188},[52,31801,9420],{"class":192},[52,31803,3420],{"class":188},[52,31805,152],{"class":66},[52,31807,7908],{"class":70},[52,31809,80],{"class":66},[20,31811,16769],{},[43,31813,31815],{"className":45,"code":31814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31816,31817,31841,31863,31867],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31818,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31820,13319],{"class":58},[52,31822,63],{"class":62},[52,31824,67],{"class":66},[52,31826,189],{"class":188},[52,31828,7786],{"class":192},[52,31830,189],{"class":188},[52,31832,152],{"class":66},[52,31834,200],{"class":188},[52,31836,12997],{"class":192},[52,31838,189],{"class":188},[52,31840,80],{"class":66},[52,31842,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31844,17421],{"class":58},[52,31846,89],{"class":66},[52,31848,93],{"class":92},[52,31850,5648],{"class":66},[52,31852,189],{"class":188},[52,31854,9420],{"class":192},[52,31856,189],{"class":188},[52,31858,152],{"class":66},[52,31860,7908],{"class":70},[52,31862,407],{"class":66},[52,31864,31865],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31866,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,31868,31869,31871,31873,31875],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,31870,119],{"class":118},[52,31872,122],{"class":66},[52,31874,17421],{"class":92},[52,31876,127],{"class":66},[20,31878,2193],{},[43,31880,31882],{"className":45,"code":31881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31883,31884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31885,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31887,9399],{"class":66},[52,31889,3420],{"class":188},[52,31891,7786],{"class":192},[52,31893,3420],{"class":188},[52,31895,152],{"class":66},[52,31897,3415],{"class":188},[52,31899,12997],{"class":192},[52,31901,3420],{"class":188},[52,31903,74],{"class":66},[52,31905,3415],{"class":188},[52,31907,9420],{"class":192},[52,31909,3420],{"class":188},[52,31911,152],{"class":66},[52,31913,7908],{"class":70},[52,31915,80],{"class":66},[20,31917,31918,31919,89],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[30,31920,18017],{"href":10849},[38,31922,5078,31924],{"id":31923},"when-to-use-update",[15,31925,17],{},[20,31927,137,31928,10719],{},[15,31929,17],{},[154,31931,31932,31935,31938,31941],{},[157,31933,31934],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[157,31936,31937],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[157,31939,31940],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[157,31942,31943],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31945,31946],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[43,31948,31950],{"className":45,"code":31949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31951,31952,31988,32003,32007,32046,32050,32060],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31953,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31955,12202],{"class":58},[52,31957,63],{"class":62},[52,31959,67],{"class":66},[52,31961,189],{"class":188},[52,31963,7786],{"class":192},[52,31965,189],{"class":188},[52,31967,152],{"class":66},[52,31969,200],{"class":188},[52,31971,12997],{"class":192},[52,31973,189],{"class":188},[52,31975,74],{"class":66},[52,31977,200],{"class":188},[52,31979,9420],{"class":192},[52,31981,189],{"class":188},[52,31983,152],{"class":66},[52,31985,7908],{"class":70},[52,31987,80],{"class":66},[52,31989,31990,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,31991,31992],{"class":58},"updated ",[52,31994,63],{"class":62},[52,31996,12277],{"class":58},[52,31998,89],{"class":66},[52,32000,13028],{"class":92},[52,32002,8764],{"class":66},[52,32004,32005],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32006,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,32008,32009,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,32010,32011],{"class":58},"updated",[52,32013,89],{"class":66},[52,32015,93],{"class":92},[52,32017,5648],{"class":66},[52,32019,189],{"class":188},[52,32021,9420],{"class":192},[52,32023,189],{"class":188},[52,32025,152],{"class":66},[52,32027,30587],{"class":70},[52,32029,74],{"class":66},[52,32031,200],{"class":188},[52,32033,10528],{"class":192},[52,32035,189],{"class":188},[52,32037,152],{"class":66},[52,32039,200],{"class":188},[52,32041,16144],{"class":192},[52,32043,189],{"class":188},[52,32045,407],{"class":66},[52,32047,32048],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,32049,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,32051,32052,32054,32056,32058],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,32053,119],{"class":118},[52,32055,122],{"class":66},[52,32057,12249],{"class":92},[52,32059,127],{"class":66},[52,32061,32062,32064,32066,32068],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,32063,119],{"class":118},[52,32065,122],{"class":66},[52,32067,32011],{"class":92},[52,32069,127],{"class":66},[20,32071,2193],{},[43,32073,32075],{"className":45,"code":32074,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32076,32077,32109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32078,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32080,9399],{"class":66},[52,32082,3420],{"class":188},[52,32084,7786],{"class":192},[52,32086,3420],{"class":188},[52,32088,152],{"class":66},[52,32090,3415],{"class":188},[52,32092,12997],{"class":192},[52,32094,3420],{"class":188},[52,32096,74],{"class":66},[52,32098,3415],{"class":188},[52,32100,9420],{"class":192},[52,32102,3420],{"class":188},[52,32104,152],{"class":66},[52,32106,7908],{"class":70},[52,32108,80],{"class":66},[52,32110,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,32112,9399],{"class":66},[52,32114,3420],{"class":188},[52,32116,7786],{"class":192},[52,32118,3420],{"class":188},[52,32120,152],{"class":66},[52,32122,3415],{"class":188},[52,32124,12997],{"class":192},[52,32126,3420],{"class":188},[52,32128,74],{"class":66},[52,32130,3415],{"class":188},[52,32132,9420],{"class":192},[52,32134,3420],{"class":188},[52,32136,152],{"class":66},[52,32138,30587],{"class":70},[52,32140,74],{"class":66},[52,32142,3415],{"class":188},[52,32144,10528],{"class":192},[52,32146,3420],{"class":188},[52,32148,152],{"class":66},[52,32150,3415],{"class":188},[52,32152,16144],{"class":192},[52,32154,3420],{"class":188},[52,32156,80],{"class":66},[20,32158,32159,32160,89],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[30,32161,16711],{"href":16710},[38,32163,2948],{"id":2947},[20,32165,1530,32166,152],{},[15,32167,17],{},[154,32169,32170,32177,32181,32184,32187],{},[157,32171,12711,32172,32174,32175],{},[15,32173,17],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32176,445],{},[157,32178,8574,32179,12719],{},[15,32180,17],{},[157,32182,32183],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[157,32185,32186],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[157,32188,32189],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32191,32192],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[43,32194,32196],{"className":45,"code":32195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32197,32198,32208,32222,32236,32258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32199,32200,32202,32204,32206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32201,119],{"class":118},[52,32203,122],{"class":66},[52,32205,11566],{"class":92},[52,32207,127],{"class":66},[52,32209,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,32211,119],{"class":118},[52,32213,122],{"class":66},[52,32215,3340],{"class":3020},[52,32217,122],{"class":66},[52,32219,9327],{"class":92},[52,32221,2150],{"class":66},[52,32223,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32225,119],{"class":118},[52,32227,122],{"class":66},[52,32229,8213],{"class":3020},[52,32231,122],{"class":66},[52,32233,9327],{"class":92},[52,32235,2150],{"class":66},[52,32237,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,32239,119],{"class":118},[52,32241,122],{"class":66},[52,32243,11566],{"class":92},[52,32245,89],{"class":66},[52,32247,19861],{"class":92},[52,32249,122],{"class":66},[52,32251,3420],{"class":188},[52,32253,14956],{"class":192},[52,32255,3420],{"class":188},[52,32257,2150],{"class":66},[52,32259,32260,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,32261,32262],{"class":118},"help",[52,32264,122],{"class":66},[52,32266,8943],{"class":3020},[52,32268,89],{"class":66},[52,32270,93],{"class":24860},[52,32272,127],{"class":66},[20,32274,32275],{},"These can help you check:",[154,32277,32278,32281,32286,32289,32292],{},[157,32279,32280],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[157,32282,32283,32284],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32285,17],{},[157,32287,32288],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[157,32290,32291],{},"Whether a key exists",[157,32293,32294],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32296,32297,32298,89],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[30,32299,11380],{"href":11192},[38,32301,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,32303,1937,32305,32307],{"id":32304},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32306,17],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32309,32310,32311,89],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32312,445],{},[1324,32314,1937,32316,32318],{"id":32315},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32317,17],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32320,32321],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1324,32323,5288,32325,32327],{"id":32324},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32326,17],{}," add new keys?",[20,32329,32330],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1324,32332,1949,32333,1952],{"id":1948},[15,32334,17],{},[20,32336,32337,32338,89],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32339,11212],{},[1324,32341,1959,32343,32345],{"id":32342},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32344,17],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32347,32348,32349,32351],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32350,17],{}," can change many keys at once.",[38,32353,1996],{"id":1995},[154,32355,32356,32360,32364,32369,32373],{},[157,32357,32358],{},[30,32359,26205],{"href":9511},[157,32361,32362],{},[30,32363,11369],{"href":10849},[157,32365,32366],{},[30,32367,32368],{"href":31195},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[157,32370,32371],{},[30,32372,21568],{"href":16710},[157,32374,32375],{},[30,32376,11380],{"href":11192},[2044,32378,32379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":32381},[32382,32383,32385,32386,32388,32390,32391,32392,32394,32395,32406],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":30628,"depth":83,"text":32384},"What update() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":30988,"depth":83,"text":32387},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31199,"depth":83,"text":32389},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31440,"depth":83,"text":31441},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":31923,"depth":83,"text":32393},"When to use update()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":32396},[32397,32399,32401,32403,32404],{"id":32304,"depth":115,"text":32398},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32315,"depth":115,"text":32400},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32324,"depth":115,"text":32402},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":1948,"depth":115,"text":2076},{"id":32342,"depth":115,"text":32405},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30508,"description":32407},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32413,"title":32414,"body":32415,"description":34403,"extension":2083,"meta":34404,"navigation":240,"path":23004,"seo":34405,"stem":34406,"__hash__":34407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32416,"toc":34366},[32417,32422,32429,32432,32434,32533,32535,32590,32595,32600,32614,32619,32621,32636,32638,32652,32665,32670,32676,32683,32685,32792,32794,32843,32849,32924,32926,32947,32949,32952,33057,33059,33114,33116,33144,33148,33153,33232,33234,33254,33256,33267,33277,33281,33286,33389,33391,33416,33419,33430,33435,33444,33447,33464,33466,33553,33555,33618,33620,33643,33645,33650,33656,33661,33663,33702,33708,33711,33730,33741,33747,33750,33823,33825,33844,33849,33852,33875,33881,33884,33948,33951,34028,34035,34038,34097,34103,34105,34124,34128,34131,34182,34185,34205,34207,34268,34270,34275,34280,34285,34290,34295,34300,34306,34309,34318,34326,34328,34363],[10,32418,11436,32420,18],{"id":32419},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32421,17185],{},[20,32423,32424,32425,32428],{},"The Python ",[15,32426,32427],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32430,32431],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[38,32433,2125],{"id":2124},[43,32435,32437],{"className":45,"code":32436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32438,32439,32491,32505,32509,32519],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32440,32441,32443,32445,32447,32449,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32442,12980],{"class":58},[52,32444,63],{"class":62},[52,32446,67],{"class":66},[52,32448,189],{"class":188},[52,32450,7786],{"class":192},[52,32452,189],{"class":188},[52,32454,152],{"class":66},[52,32456,200],{"class":188},[52,32458,12997],{"class":192},[52,32460,189],{"class":188},[52,32462,74],{"class":66},[52,32464,200],{"class":188},[52,32466,9420],{"class":192},[52,32468,189],{"class":188},[52,32470,152],{"class":66},[52,32472,7908],{"class":70},[52,32474,74],{"class":66},[52,32476,200],{"class":188},[52,32478,10528],{"class":192},[52,32480,189],{"class":188},[52,32482,152],{"class":66},[52,32484,200],{"class":188},[52,32486,16144],{"class":192},[52,32488,189],{"class":188},[52,32490,80],{"class":66},[52,32492,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,32494,357],{"class":58},[52,32496,63],{"class":62},[52,32498,13023],{"class":58},[52,32500,89],{"class":66},[52,32502,370],{"class":92},[52,32504,8764],{"class":66},[52,32506,32507],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32508,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,32510,32511,32513,32515,32517],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,32512,119],{"class":118},[52,32514,122],{"class":66},[52,32516,370],{"class":92},[52,32518,127],{"class":66},[52,32520,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,32522,119],{"class":118},[52,32524,122],{"class":66},[52,32526,8213],{"class":3020},[52,32528,122],{"class":66},[52,32530,370],{"class":92},[52,32532,2150],{"class":66},[20,32534,2193],{},[43,32536,32538],{"className":45,"code":32537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32539,32540,32566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32541,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32543,17151],{"class":92},[52,32545,96],{"class":66},[52,32547,3420],{"class":188},[52,32549,12997],{"class":192},[52,32551,3420],{"class":188},[52,32553,74],{"class":66},[52,32555,7908],{"class":70},[52,32557,74],{"class":66},[52,32559,3415],{"class":188},[52,32561,16144],{"class":192},[52,32563,3420],{"class":188},[52,32565,112],{"class":66},[52,32567,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,32569,4020],{"class":66},[52,32571,3420],{"class":188},[52,32573,12997],{"class":192},[52,32575,3420],{"class":188},[52,32577,74],{"class":66},[52,32579,7908],{"class":70},[52,32581,74],{"class":66},[52,32583,3415],{"class":188},[52,32585,16144],{"class":192},[52,32587,3420],{"class":188},[52,32589,3756],{"class":66},[20,32591,32592,32594],{},[15,32593,17185],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[38,32596,144,32598,147],{"id":32597},"what-values-does",[15,32599,17185],{},[154,32601,32602,32605,32608,32611],{},[157,32603,32604],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[157,32606,32607],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[157,32609,32610],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[157,32612,32613],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32615,32616,32617,89],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[30,32618,9512],{"href":9511},[38,32620,268],{"id":267},[43,32622,32624],{"className":45,"code":32623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32625,32626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32627,32628,32630,32632,32634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32629,11566],{"class":58},[52,32631,89],{"class":66},[52,32633,370],{"class":92},[52,32635,8764],{"class":66},[20,32637,13169],{},[154,32639,32640,32644,32647],{},[157,32641,32642,11582],{},[15,32643,17185],{},[157,32645,32646],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[157,32648,32649,32650],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32651,17185],{},[20,32653,32654,32655,668,32660,89],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[30,32656,32657,32659],{"href":17176},[15,32658,17179],{}," for dictionary keys",[30,32661,32662,32664],{"href":17189},[15,32663,17192],{}," for key-value pairs",[38,32666,144,32668,11822],{"id":32667},"what-values-returns",[15,32669,17185],{},[20,32671,32672,22084,32674,24874],{},[15,32673,17185],{},[15,32675,17151],{},[20,32677,32678,32679,32682],{},"This object is a ",[984,32680,32681],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32684,347],{},[43,32686,32688],{"className":45,"code":32687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32689,32690,32726,32730,32745,32756,32760,32782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32691,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32693,13319],{"class":58},[52,32695,63],{"class":62},[52,32697,67],{"class":66},[52,32699,189],{"class":188},[52,32701,7786],{"class":192},[52,32703,189],{"class":188},[52,32705,152],{"class":66},[52,32707,200],{"class":188},[52,32709,8040],{"class":192},[52,32711,189],{"class":188},[52,32713,74],{"class":66},[52,32715,200],{"class":188},[52,32717,9420],{"class":192},[52,32719,189],{"class":188},[52,32721,152],{"class":66},[52,32723,9427],{"class":70},[52,32725,80],{"class":66},[52,32727,32728],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,32729,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,32731,32732,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32733,32734],{"class":58},"values_view ",[52,32736,63],{"class":62},[52,32738,13362],{"class":58},[52,32740,89],{"class":66},[52,32742,370],{"class":92},[52,32744,8764],{"class":66},[52,32746,32747,32749,32751,32754],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,32748,119],{"class":118},[52,32750,122],{"class":66},[52,32752,32753],{"class":92},"values_view",[52,32755,127],{"class":66},[52,32757,32758],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,32759,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,32761,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772,32774,32776,32778,32780],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,32763,17421],{"class":58},[52,32765,4020],{"class":66},[52,32767,189],{"class":188},[52,32769,10528],{"class":192},[52,32771,189],{"class":188},[52,32773,13388],{"class":66},[52,32775,13391],{"class":62},[52,32777,200],{"class":188},[52,32779,30752],{"class":192},[52,32781,3479],{"class":188},[52,32783,32784,32786,32788,32790],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,32785,119],{"class":118},[52,32787,122],{"class":66},[52,32789,32753],{"class":92},[52,32791,127],{"class":66},[20,32793,2193],{},[43,32795,32797],{"className":45,"code":32796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32798,32799,32817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32800,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32802,17151],{"class":92},[52,32804,96],{"class":66},[52,32806,3420],{"class":188},[52,32808,8040],{"class":192},[52,32810,3420],{"class":188},[52,32812,74],{"class":66},[52,32814,9427],{"class":70},[52,32816,112],{"class":66},[52,32818,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,32820,17151],{"class":92},[52,32822,96],{"class":66},[52,32824,3420],{"class":188},[52,32826,8040],{"class":192},[52,32828,3420],{"class":188},[52,32830,74],{"class":66},[52,32832,9427],{"class":70},[52,32834,74],{"class":66},[52,32836,3415],{"class":188},[52,32838,30752],{"class":192},[52,32840,3420],{"class":188},[52,32842,112],{"class":66},[20,32844,32845,32846,89],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32847,32848],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[43,32850,32852],{"className":45,"code":32851,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32853,32854,32890,32909,32913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32855,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32857,13319],{"class":58},[52,32859,63],{"class":62},[52,32861,67],{"class":66},[52,32863,189],{"class":188},[52,32865,7786],{"class":192},[52,32867,189],{"class":188},[52,32869,152],{"class":66},[52,32871,200],{"class":188},[52,32873,8040],{"class":192},[52,32875,189],{"class":188},[52,32877,74],{"class":66},[52,32879,200],{"class":188},[52,32881,9420],{"class":192},[52,32883,189],{"class":188},[52,32885,152],{"class":66},[52,32887,9427],{"class":70},[52,32889,80],{"class":66},[52,32891,32892,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,32893,32894],{"class":58},"values_list ",[52,32896,63],{"class":62},[52,32898,22669],{"class":3020},[52,32900,122],{"class":66},[52,32902,17421],{"class":92},[52,32904,89],{"class":66},[52,32906,370],{"class":92},[52,32908,7312],{"class":66},[52,32910,32911],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32912,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,32914,32915,32917,32919,32922],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,32916,119],{"class":118},[52,32918,122],{"class":66},[52,32920,32921],{"class":92},"values_list",[52,32923,127],{"class":66},[20,32925,2193],{},[43,32927,32929],{"className":45,"code":32928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32930,32931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32932,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32934,4020],{"class":66},[52,32936,3420],{"class":188},[52,32938,8040],{"class":192},[52,32940,3420],{"class":188},[52,32942,74],{"class":66},[52,32944,9427],{"class":70},[52,32946,3756],{"class":66},[38,32948,11592],{"id":11591},[20,32950,32951],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[43,32953,32955],{"className":45,"code":32954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32956,32957,33011,33015,33029,33033,33043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32958,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32992,32994,32996,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32960,24906],{"class":58},[52,32962,63],{"class":62},[52,32964,67],{"class":66},[52,32966,189],{"class":188},[52,32968,24915],{"class":192},[52,32970,189],{"class":188},[52,32972,152],{"class":66},[52,32974,200],{"class":188},[52,32976,24924],{"class":192},[52,32978,189],{"class":188},[52,32980,74],{"class":66},[52,32982,200],{"class":188},[52,32984,24933],{"class":192},[52,32986,189],{"class":188},[52,32988,152],{"class":66},[52,32990,32991],{"class":70}," 2022",[52,32993,74],{"class":66},[52,32995,200],{"class":188},[52,32997,32998],{"class":192},"color",[52,33000,189],{"class":188},[52,33002,152],{"class":66},[52,33004,200],{"class":188},[52,33006,203],{"class":192},[52,33008,189],{"class":188},[52,33010,80],{"class":66},[52,33012,33013],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33014,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33016,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33018,474],{"class":58},[52,33020,63],{"class":62},[52,33022,24955],{"class":58},[52,33024,89],{"class":66},[52,33026,370],{"class":92},[52,33028,8764],{"class":66},[52,33030,33031],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,33032,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33034,33035,33037,33039,33041],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,33036,119],{"class":118},[52,33038,122],{"class":66},[52,33040,507],{"class":92},[52,33042,127],{"class":66},[52,33044,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,33046,119],{"class":118},[52,33048,122],{"class":66},[52,33050,8213],{"class":3020},[52,33052,122],{"class":66},[52,33054,507],{"class":92},[52,33056,2150],{"class":66},[20,33058,2193],{},[43,33060,33062],{"className":45,"code":33061,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33063,33064,33090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33065,33066,33068,33070,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33067,17151],{"class":92},[52,33069,96],{"class":66},[52,33071,3420],{"class":188},[52,33073,24924],{"class":192},[52,33075,3420],{"class":188},[52,33077,74],{"class":66},[52,33079,32991],{"class":70},[52,33081,74],{"class":66},[52,33083,3415],{"class":188},[52,33085,203],{"class":192},[52,33087,3420],{"class":188},[52,33089,112],{"class":66},[52,33091,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33093,4020],{"class":66},[52,33095,3420],{"class":188},[52,33097,24924],{"class":192},[52,33099,3420],{"class":188},[52,33101,74],{"class":66},[52,33103,32991],{"class":70},[52,33105,74],{"class":66},[52,33107,3415],{"class":188},[52,33109,203],{"class":192},[52,33111,3420],{"class":188},[52,33113,3756],{"class":66},[20,33115,656],{},[154,33117,33118,33124,33130,33138],{},[157,33119,33120,33123],{},[15,33121,33122],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[157,33125,33126,33129],{},[15,33127,33128],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[157,33131,33132,33135,33136,24727],{},[15,33133,33134],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33137,17151],{},[157,33139,33140,33143],{},[15,33141,33142],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[38,33145,33147],{"id":33146},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33149,33150,33151,26174],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33152,6077],{},[43,33154,33156],{"className":45,"code":33155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33157,33158,33202,33206,33222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33159,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33161,5181],{"class":58},[52,33163,63],{"class":62},[52,33165,67],{"class":66},[52,33167,189],{"class":188},[52,33169,18528],{"class":192},[52,33171,189],{"class":188},[52,33173,152],{"class":66},[52,33175,20009],{"class":70},[52,33177,74],{"class":66},[52,33179,200],{"class":188},[52,33181,31262],{"class":192},[52,33183,189],{"class":188},[52,33185,152],{"class":66},[52,33187,13622],{"class":70},[52,33189,74],{"class":66},[52,33191,200],{"class":188},[52,33193,18537],{"class":192},[52,33195,189],{"class":188},[52,33197,152],{"class":66},[52,33199,29030],{"class":70},[52,33201,80],{"class":66},[52,33203,33204],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33205,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33207,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33209,6077],{"class":3996},[52,33211,21695],{"class":58},[52,33213,4003],{"class":3996},[52,33215,5228],{"class":58},[52,33217,89],{"class":66},[52,33219,370],{"class":92},[52,33221,21706],{"class":66},[52,33223,33224,33226,33228,33230],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,33225,8188],{"class":118},[52,33227,122],{"class":66},[52,33229,2593],{"class":92},[52,33231,127],{"class":66},[20,33233,2193],{},[43,33235,33237],{"className":45,"code":33236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33238,33239,33244,33249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33240,33241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33242,33243],{"class":70},"90\n",[52,33245,33246],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33247,33248],{"class":70},"85\n",[52,33250,33251],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33252,33253],{"class":70},"88\n",[20,33255,17823],{},[154,33257,33258,33261,33264],{},[157,33259,33260],{},"You only need the values",[157,33262,33263],{},"You do not care about the keys",[157,33265,33266],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33268,33269,33270,2996,33274,89],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[30,33271,10855,33272,10859],{"href":17189},[15,33273,17192],{},[30,33275,22584],{"href":33276},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[38,33278,33280],{"id":33279},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33282,137,33283,33285],{},[15,33284,32848],{}," when you need a list.",[43,33287,33289],{"className":45,"code":33288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33290,33291,33336,33340,33360,33364,33375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33292,33293,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33294,33295],{"class":58},"fruit_prices ",[52,33297,63],{"class":62},[52,33299,67],{"class":66},[52,33301,189],{"class":188},[52,33303,1125],{"class":192},[52,33305,189],{"class":188},[52,33307,152],{"class":66},[52,33309,77],{"class":70},[52,33311,74],{"class":66},[52,33313,200],{"class":188},[52,33315,1145],{"class":192},[52,33317,189],{"class":188},[52,33319,152],{"class":66},[52,33321,5616],{"class":70},[52,33323,74],{"class":66},[52,33325,200],{"class":188},[52,33327,1216],{"class":192},[52,33329,189],{"class":188},[52,33331,152],{"class":66},[52,33333,104],{"class":70},[52,33335,80],{"class":66},[52,33337,33338],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33339,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33341,33342,33345,33347,33349,33351,33354,33356,33358],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33343,33344],{"class":58},"price_list ",[52,33346,63],{"class":62},[52,33348,22669],{"class":3020},[52,33350,122],{"class":66},[52,33352,33353],{"class":92},"fruit_prices",[52,33355,89],{"class":66},[52,33357,370],{"class":92},[52,33359,7312],{"class":66},[52,33361,33362],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,33363,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33365,33366,33368,33370,33373],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,33367,119],{"class":118},[52,33369,122],{"class":66},[52,33371,33372],{"class":92},"price_list",[52,33374,127],{"class":66},[52,33376,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,33378,119],{"class":118},[52,33380,122],{"class":66},[52,33382,33372],{"class":92},[52,33384,4020],{"class":66},[52,33386,2243],{"class":70},[52,33388,112],{"class":66},[20,33390,2193],{},[43,33392,33394],{"className":45,"code":33393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33395,33396,33412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33397,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33399,4020],{"class":66},[52,33401,99],{"class":70},[52,33403,74],{"class":66},[52,33405,5616],{"class":70},[52,33407,74],{"class":66},[52,33409,104],{"class":70},[52,33411,3756],{"class":66},[52,33413,33414],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33415,17170],{"class":70},[20,33417,33418],{},"This is helpful for:",[154,33420,33421,33424,33427],{},[157,33422,33423],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[157,33425,33426],{},"Accessing values by index",[157,33428,33429],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33431,4045,33432,33434],{},[15,33433,17151],{}," is not the same as a list.",[38,33436,33438,1083,33440,1083,33442],{"id":33437},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33439,17185],{},[15,33441,17179],{},[15,33443,17192],{},[20,33445,33446],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[154,33448,33449,33454,33459],{},[157,33450,33451,33453],{},[15,33452,17185],{}," returns only the values",[157,33455,33456,33458],{},[15,33457,17179],{}," returns only the keys",[157,33460,33461,33463],{},[15,33462,17192],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33465,2249],{},[43,33467,33469],{"className":45,"code":33468,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33470,33471,33507,33511,33525,33539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33472,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33474,12980],{"class":58},[52,33476,63],{"class":62},[52,33478,67],{"class":66},[52,33480,189],{"class":188},[52,33482,7786],{"class":192},[52,33484,189],{"class":188},[52,33486,152],{"class":66},[52,33488,200],{"class":188},[52,33490,12997],{"class":192},[52,33492,189],{"class":188},[52,33494,74],{"class":66},[52,33496,200],{"class":188},[52,33498,9420],{"class":192},[52,33500,189],{"class":188},[52,33502,152],{"class":66},[52,33504,7908],{"class":70},[52,33506,80],{"class":66},[52,33508,33509],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33510,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33512,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33514,119],{"class":118},[52,33516,122],{"class":66},[52,33518,13741],{"class":92},[52,33520,89],{"class":66},[52,33522,17037],{"class":92},[52,33524,7312],{"class":66},[52,33526,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535,33537],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,33528,119],{"class":118},[52,33530,122],{"class":66},[52,33532,13741],{"class":92},[52,33534,89],{"class":66},[52,33536,370],{"class":92},[52,33538,7312],{"class":66},[52,33540,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,33542,119],{"class":118},[52,33544,122],{"class":66},[52,33546,13741],{"class":92},[52,33548,89],{"class":66},[52,33550,7928],{"class":92},[52,33552,7312],{"class":66},[20,33554,2193],{},[43,33556,33558],{"className":45,"code":33557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33559,33560,33582,33600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33561,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33563,17128],{"class":92},[52,33565,96],{"class":66},[52,33567,3420],{"class":188},[52,33569,7786],{"class":192},[52,33571,3420],{"class":188},[52,33573,74],{"class":66},[52,33575,3415],{"class":188},[52,33577,9420],{"class":192},[52,33579,3420],{"class":188},[52,33581,112],{"class":66},[52,33583,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33585,17151],{"class":92},[52,33587,96],{"class":66},[52,33589,3420],{"class":188},[52,33591,12997],{"class":192},[52,33593,3420],{"class":188},[52,33595,74],{"class":66},[52,33597,7908],{"class":70},[52,33599,112],{"class":66},[52,33601,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33603,22019],{"class":92},[52,33605,9778],{"class":66},[52,33607,3420],{"class":188},[52,33609,7786],{"class":192},[52,33611,3420],{"class":188},[52,33613,74],{"class":66},[52,33615,7908],{"class":70},[52,33617,10797],{"class":66},[20,33619,18806],{},[154,33621,33622,33629,33636],{},[157,33623,33624,33628],{},[30,33625,33626],{"href":17176},[15,33627,17179],{}," when you need just the keys",[157,33630,33631,33635],{},[30,33632,33633],{"href":17182},[15,33634,17185],{}," when you need just the values",[157,33637,33638,33642],{},[30,33639,33640],{"href":17189},[15,33641,17192],{}," when you need both",[38,33644,4636],{"id":4635},[20,33646,33647,33648,89],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33649,17185],{},[1324,33651,29760,33653,33655],{"id":33652},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33654,17185],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33657,33658,33660],{},[15,33659,17185],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33662,16757],{},[43,33664,33666],{"className":45,"code":33665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33667,33668,33688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33669,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33671,8428],{"class":58},[52,33673,63],{"class":62},[52,33675,3743],{"class":66},[52,33677,71],{"class":70},[52,33679,74],{"class":66},[52,33681,77],{"class":70},[52,33683,74],{"class":66},[52,33685,104],{"class":70},[52,33687,3756],{"class":66},[52,33689,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33691,119],{"class":118},[52,33693,122],{"class":66},[52,33695,8459],{"class":92},[52,33697,89],{"class":66},[52,33699,370],{"class":92},[52,33701,7312],{"class":66},[20,33703,33704,33705,33707],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33706,17185],{}," method.",[20,33709,33710],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[43,33712,33714],{"className":45,"code":33713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33715,33716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33717,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33719,119],{"class":118},[52,33721,122],{"class":66},[52,33723,3340],{"class":3020},[52,33725,122],{"class":66},[52,33727,8459],{"class":92},[52,33729,2150],{"class":66},[20,33731,33732,33733,33735,33736,89],{},"If you get an ",[15,33734,25782],{},", see ",[30,33737,1781,33738,33740],{"href":25789},[15,33739,25792],{}," errors",[1324,33742,4697,33744,33746],{"id":33743},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33745,17185],{}," returns a list",[20,33748,33749],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[43,33751,33753],{"className":45,"code":33752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33754,33755,33791,33805,33809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33756,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33758,12980],{"class":58},[52,33760,63],{"class":62},[52,33762,67],{"class":66},[52,33764,189],{"class":188},[52,33766,7786],{"class":192},[52,33768,189],{"class":188},[52,33770,152],{"class":66},[52,33772,200],{"class":188},[52,33774,12997],{"class":192},[52,33776,189],{"class":188},[52,33778,74],{"class":66},[52,33780,200],{"class":188},[52,33782,9420],{"class":192},[52,33784,189],{"class":188},[52,33786,152],{"class":66},[52,33788,7908],{"class":70},[52,33790,80],{"class":66},[52,33792,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33794,357],{"class":58},[52,33796,63],{"class":62},[52,33798,13023],{"class":58},[52,33800,89],{"class":66},[52,33802,370],{"class":92},[52,33804,8764],{"class":66},[52,33806,33807],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33808,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33810,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,33812,119],{"class":118},[52,33814,122],{"class":66},[52,33816,3340],{"class":3020},[52,33818,122],{"class":66},[52,33820,370],{"class":92},[52,33822,2150],{"class":66},[20,33824,2193],{},[43,33826,33828],{"className":45,"code":33827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33829,33830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33831,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840,33842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33833,3409],{"class":62},[52,33835,3412],{"class":2187},[52,33837,3415],{"class":188},[52,33839,17151],{"class":192},[52,33841,3420],{"class":188},[52,33843,3423],{"class":62},[20,33845,5266,33846,33848],{},[15,33847,17151],{},", not a list.",[20,33850,33851],{},"If you need a list:",[43,33853,33855],{"className":45,"code":33854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33856,33857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33858,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33860,357],{"class":58},[52,33862,63],{"class":62},[52,33864,22669],{"class":3020},[52,33866,122],{"class":66},[52,33868,13741],{"class":92},[52,33870,89],{"class":66},[52,33872,370],{"class":92},[52,33874,7312],{"class":66},[1324,33876,33878,33879],{"id":33877},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33880,17151],{},[20,33882,33883],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[43,33885,33887],{"className":45,"code":33886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33888,33889,33925,33939,33943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33890,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33892,12980],{"class":58},[52,33894,63],{"class":62},[52,33896,67],{"class":66},[52,33898,189],{"class":188},[52,33900,7786],{"class":192},[52,33902,189],{"class":188},[52,33904,152],{"class":66},[52,33906,200],{"class":188},[52,33908,12997],{"class":192},[52,33910,189],{"class":188},[52,33912,74],{"class":66},[52,33914,200],{"class":188},[52,33916,9420],{"class":192},[52,33918,189],{"class":188},[52,33920,152],{"class":66},[52,33922,7908],{"class":70},[52,33924,80],{"class":66},[52,33926,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33928,357],{"class":58},[52,33930,63],{"class":62},[52,33932,13023],{"class":58},[52,33934,89],{"class":66},[52,33936,370],{"class":92},[52,33938,8764],{"class":66},[52,33940,33941],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33942,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,33944,33945],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,33946,33947],{"class":133},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33949,33950],{},"Convert to a list first:",[43,33952,33954],{"className":45,"code":33953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33955,33956,33992,34010,34014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33957,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33959,12980],{"class":58},[52,33961,63],{"class":62},[52,33963,67],{"class":66},[52,33965,189],{"class":188},[52,33967,7786],{"class":192},[52,33969,189],{"class":188},[52,33971,152],{"class":66},[52,33973,200],{"class":188},[52,33975,12997],{"class":192},[52,33977,189],{"class":188},[52,33979,74],{"class":66},[52,33981,200],{"class":188},[52,33983,9420],{"class":192},[52,33985,189],{"class":188},[52,33987,152],{"class":66},[52,33989,7908],{"class":70},[52,33991,80],{"class":66},[52,33993,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,33995,357],{"class":58},[52,33997,63],{"class":62},[52,33999,22669],{"class":3020},[52,34001,122],{"class":66},[52,34003,13741],{"class":92},[52,34005,89],{"class":66},[52,34007,370],{"class":92},[52,34009,7312],{"class":66},[52,34011,34012],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34013,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,34015,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,34017,119],{"class":118},[52,34019,122],{"class":66},[52,34021,370],{"class":92},[52,34023,4020],{"class":66},[52,34025,2243],{"class":70},[52,34027,112],{"class":66},[1324,34029,8538,34031,1990,34033],{"id":34030},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34032,370],{},[15,34034,17185],{},[20,34036,34037],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[43,34039,34041],{"className":45,"code":34040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34042,34043,34079,34083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34044,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34046,12980],{"class":58},[52,34048,63],{"class":62},[52,34050,67],{"class":66},[52,34052,189],{"class":188},[52,34054,7786],{"class":192},[52,34056,189],{"class":188},[52,34058,152],{"class":66},[52,34060,200],{"class":188},[52,34062,12997],{"class":192},[52,34064,189],{"class":188},[52,34066,74],{"class":66},[52,34068,200],{"class":188},[52,34070,9420],{"class":192},[52,34072,189],{"class":188},[52,34074,152],{"class":66},[52,34076,7908],{"class":70},[52,34078,80],{"class":66},[52,34080,34081],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34082,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,34084,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34086,119],{"class":118},[52,34088,122],{"class":66},[52,34090,13741],{"class":92},[52,34092,89],{"class":66},[52,34094,370],{"class":24860},[52,34096,127],{"class":66},[20,34098,34099,34102],{},[15,34100,34101],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34104,18806],{},[43,34106,34108],{"className":45,"code":34107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34109,34110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34111,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34113,119],{"class":118},[52,34115,122],{"class":66},[52,34117,13741],{"class":92},[52,34119,89],{"class":66},[52,34121,370],{"class":92},[52,34123,7312],{"class":66},[1324,34125,34127],{"id":34126},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34129,34130],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[43,34132,34134],{"className":45,"code":34133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34135,34136,34168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34137,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34139,9288],{"class":58},[52,34141,63],{"class":62},[52,34143,67],{"class":66},[52,34145,189],{"class":188},[52,34147,30],{"class":192},[52,34149,189],{"class":188},[52,34151,152],{"class":66},[52,34153,5616],{"class":70},[52,34155,74],{"class":66},[52,34157,200],{"class":188},[52,34159,1393],{"class":192},[52,34161,189],{"class":188},[52,34163,152],{"class":66},[52,34165,77],{"class":70},[52,34167,80],{"class":66},[52,34169,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34171,119],{"class":118},[52,34173,122],{"class":66},[52,34175,9327],{"class":92},[52,34177,89],{"class":66},[52,34179,370],{"class":92},[52,34181,7312],{"class":66},[20,34183,34184],{},"Not like this:",[43,34186,34188],{"className":45,"code":34187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34189,34190,34195,34200],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34191,34192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34193,34194],{"class":133},"# Wrong examples:\n",[52,34196,34197],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34198,34199],{"class":133},"# data().values()\n",[52,34201,34202],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34203,34204],{"class":133},"# values(data)\n",[20,34206,3460],{},[43,34208,34210],{"className":45,"code":34209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34211,34212,34226,34236,34250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34213,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34215,119],{"class":118},[52,34217,122],{"class":66},[52,34219,3340],{"class":3020},[52,34221,122],{"class":66},[52,34223,11566],{"class":92},[52,34225,2150],{"class":66},[52,34227,34228,34230,34232,34234],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34229,119],{"class":118},[52,34231,122],{"class":66},[52,34233,11566],{"class":92},[52,34235,127],{"class":66},[52,34237,34238,34240,34242,34244,34246,34248],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34239,119],{"class":118},[52,34241,122],{"class":66},[52,34243,11566],{"class":92},[52,34245,89],{"class":66},[52,34247,370],{"class":92},[52,34249,7312],{"class":66},[52,34251,34252,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264,34266],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,34253,119],{"class":118},[52,34255,122],{"class":66},[52,34257,8213],{"class":3020},[52,34259,122],{"class":66},[52,34261,11566],{"class":92},[52,34263,89],{"class":66},[52,34265,370],{"class":92},[52,34267,6410],{"class":66},[38,34269,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,34271,5260,34273,5263],{"id":34272},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34274,32427],{},[20,34276,17536,34277,34279],{},[15,34278,17151],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1324,34281,1937,34283,24041],{"id":34282},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34284,17185],{},[20,34286,24044,34287,24048],{},[15,34288,34289],{},"list(...)",[1324,34291,26166,34293,1964],{"id":34292},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34294,32427],{},[20,34296,34297,34298,26174],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34299,6077],{},[1324,34301,1937,34303,34305],{"id":34302},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34304,32427],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34307,34308],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1324,34310,34312,34313,34315,34316,1964],{"id":34311},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34314,17185],{}," different from ",[15,34317,17192],{},[20,34319,34320,34322,34323,34325],{},[15,34321,17185],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34324,17192],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[38,34327,1996],{"id":1995},[154,34329,34330,34336,34342,34346,34352,34356],{},[157,34331,34332],{},[30,34333,10855,34334,10859],{"href":17176},[15,34335,17179],{},[157,34337,34338],{},[30,34339,10855,34340,10859],{"href":17189},[15,34341,17192],{},[157,34343,34344],{},[30,34345,11360],{"href":9511},[157,34347,34348],{},[30,34349,34351],{"href":34350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[157,34353,34354],{},[30,34355,24126],{"href":33276},[157,34357,34358],{},[30,34359,30458,34360],{"href":25789},[15,34361,34362],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2044,34364,34365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":34367},[34368,34369,34371,34372,34374,34375,34376,34377,34379,34390,34402],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":32597,"depth":83,"text":34370},"What values() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":32667,"depth":83,"text":34373},"What values() returns",{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":33146,"depth":83,"text":33147},{"id":33279,"depth":83,"text":33280},{"id":33437,"depth":83,"text":34378},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":34380},[34381,34383,34385,34387,34389],{"id":33652,"depth":115,"text":34382},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33743,"depth":115,"text":34384},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33877,"depth":115,"text":34386},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34030,"depth":115,"text":34388},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34126,"depth":115,"text":34127},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":34391},[34392,34394,34396,34398,34400],{"id":34272,"depth":115,"text":34393},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34282,"depth":115,"text":34395},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34292,"depth":115,"text":34397},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34302,"depth":115,"text":34399},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34311,"depth":115,"text":34401},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32414,"description":34403},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34409,"title":34410,"body":34411,"description":35842,"extension":2083,"meta":35843,"navigation":240,"path":35844,"seo":35845,"stem":35846,"__hash__":35847},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34412,"toc":35794},[34413,34419,34424,34427,34443,34452,34454,34486,34492,34495,34590,34593,34598,34603,34606,34617,34619,34633,34639,34641,34646,34652,34655,34694,34702,34707,34710,34755,34758,34770,34776,34782,34786,34819,34822,34840,34843,34847,34886,34888,34908,34911,34923,34928,34934,34937,34992,34995,35006,35009,35020,35023,35027,35033,35035,35065,35068,35083,35086,35089,35108,35111,35127,35136,35138,35169,35175,35180,35183,35190,35221,35224,35246,35249,35252,35266,35270,35301,35316,35323,35330,35334,35342,35346,35354,35357,35406,35417,35419,35422,35428,35433,35443,35447,35450,35453,35457,35460,35462,35483,35487,35493,35504,35510,35512,35518,35542,35545,35608,35611,35639,35642,35704,35706,35711,35714,35721,35729,35736,35739,35747,35753,35755,35782,35791],[10,34414,3697,34416,3701],{"id":34415},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34417,34418],{},"dir()",[20,34420,32424,34421,34423],{},[15,34422,34418],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34425,34426],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[154,34428,34429,34432,34435,34440],{},[157,34430,34431],{},"learning Python",[157,34433,34434],{},"exploring a new object",[157,34436,34437,34438],{},"debugging an ",[15,34439,25782],{},[157,34441,34442],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34444,34445,34446,34448,34449],{},"In short, ",[15,34447,34418],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[984,34450,34451],{},"“What can I use here?”",[38,34453,2125],{"id":2124},[43,34455,34457],{"className":45,"code":34456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34458,34459,34471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34460,34461,34463,34465,34467,34469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34462,7995],{"class":58},[52,34464,63],{"class":62},[52,34466,200],{"class":188},[52,34468,3964],{"class":192},[52,34470,3479],{"class":188},[52,34472,34473,34475,34477,34480,34482,34484],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34474,119],{"class":118},[52,34476,122],{"class":66},[52,34478,34479],{"class":118},"dir",[52,34481,122],{"class":66},[52,34483,7786],{"class":92},[52,34485,2150],{"class":66},[20,34487,137,34488,34491],{},[15,34489,34490],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34493,34494],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[43,34496,34498],{"className":45,"code":34497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34499,34500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34501,34502,34504,34506,34509,34511,34513,34515,34518,34520,34522,34524,34527,34529,34531,34533,34536,34538,34540,34542,34545,34547,34549,34551,34554,34556,34558,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574,34577,34579,34581,34583,34586,34588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34503,4020],{"class":66},[52,34505,3420],{"class":188},[52,34507,34508],{"class":192},"__add__",[52,34510,3420],{"class":188},[52,34512,74],{"class":66},[52,34514,3415],{"class":188},[52,34516,34517],{"class":192},"__class__",[52,34519,3420],{"class":188},[52,34521,74],{"class":66},[52,34523,3415],{"class":188},[52,34525,34526],{"class":192},"__contains__",[52,34528,3420],{"class":188},[52,34530,74],{"class":66},[52,34532,3415],{"class":188},[52,34534,34535],{"class":192},"__delattr__",[52,34537,3420],{"class":188},[52,34539,74],{"class":66},[52,34541,3415],{"class":188},[52,34543,34544],{"class":192},"__dir__",[52,34546,3420],{"class":188},[52,34548,74],{"class":66},[52,34550,3415],{"class":188},[52,34552,34553],{"class":192},"__doc__",[52,34555,3420],{"class":188},[52,34557,74],{"class":66},[52,34559,34561],{"class":34560},"s_hVV"," ...",[52,34563,74],{"class":66},[52,34565,3415],{"class":188},[52,34567,8761],{"class":192},[52,34569,3420],{"class":188},[52,34571,74],{"class":66},[52,34573,3415],{"class":188},[52,34575,34576],{"class":192},"split",[52,34578,3420],{"class":188},[52,34580,74],{"class":66},[52,34582,3415],{"class":188},[52,34584,34585],{"class":192},"upper",[52,34587,3420],{"class":188},[52,34589,3756],{"class":66},[20,34591,34592],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[38,34594,144,34596,147],{"id":34595},"what-dir-does",[15,34597,34418],{},[20,34599,34600,34602],{},[15,34601,34418],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34604,34605],{},"It usually includes:",[154,34607,34608,34611,34614],{},[157,34609,34610],{},"attributes",[157,34612,34613],{},"methods",[157,34615,34616],{},"special Python names",[20,34618,11575],{},[154,34620,34621,34627,34630],{},[157,34622,34623,34624],{},"The result is a ",[984,34625,34626],{},"list of strings",[157,34628,34629],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[157,34631,34632],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34634,34635,34636,34638],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34637,34418],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[38,34640,268],{"id":267},[20,34642,34643,34645],{},[15,34644,34418],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1324,34647,34649,34651],{"id":34648},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34650,34418],{}," with no argument",[20,34653,34654],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[43,34656,34658],{"className":45,"code":34657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34659,34660,34668,34680,34684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34661,34662,34664,34666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34663,3142],{"class":58},[52,34665,63],{"class":62},[52,34667,2704],{"class":70},[52,34669,34670,34672,34674,34676,34678],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34671,7995],{"class":58},[52,34673,63],{"class":62},[52,34675,200],{"class":188},[52,34677,7795],{"class":192},[52,34679,3479],{"class":188},[52,34681,34682],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34683,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,34685,34686,34688,34690,34692],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,34687,119],{"class":118},[52,34689,122],{"class":66},[52,34691,34479],{"class":118},[52,34693,7312],{"class":66},[20,34695,34696,34697,668,34699,34701],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34698,930],{},[15,34700,7786],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1324,34703,34705],{"id":34704},"dirobject",[15,34706,34490],{},[20,34708,34709],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[43,34711,34713],{"className":45,"code":34712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34714,34715,34733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34716,34717,34719,34721,34723,34725,34727,34729,34731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34718,119],{"class":118},[52,34720,122],{"class":66},[52,34722,34479],{"class":118},[52,34724,122],{"class":66},[52,34726,189],{"class":188},[52,34728,3964],{"class":192},[52,34730,189],{"class":188},[52,34732,2150],{"class":66},[52,34734,34735,34737,34739,34741,34743,34745,34747,34749,34751,34753],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34736,119],{"class":118},[52,34738,122],{"class":66},[52,34740,34479],{"class":118},[52,34742,96],{"class":66},[52,34744,71],{"class":70},[52,34746,74],{"class":66},[52,34748,77],{"class":70},[52,34750,74],{"class":66},[52,34752,104],{"class":70},[52,34754,3117],{"class":66},[20,34756,34757],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[154,34759,34760,34762,34764,34767],{},[157,34761,5427],{},[157,34763,5418],{},[157,34765,34766],{},"modules",[157,34768,34769],{},"custom objects",[38,34771,8538,34773,34775],{"id":34772},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34774,34418],{}," with a value",[20,34777,34778,34779,34781],{},"A common use of ",[15,34780,34418],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1324,34783,34785],{"id":34784},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[43,34787,34789],{"className":45,"code":34788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34790,34791,34804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34792,34793,34796,34798,34800,34802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34794,34795],{"class":58},"text ",[52,34797,63],{"class":62},[52,34799,200],{"class":188},[52,34801,3964],{"class":192},[52,34803,3479],{"class":188},[52,34805,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814,34817],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34807,119],{"class":118},[52,34809,122],{"class":66},[52,34811,34479],{"class":118},[52,34813,122],{"class":66},[52,34815,34816],{"class":92},"text",[52,34818,2150],{"class":66},[20,34820,34821],{},"You will see method names like:",[154,34823,34824,34828,34832,34836],{},[157,34825,34826],{},[15,34827,8761],{},[157,34829,34830],{},[15,34831,34585],{},[157,34833,34834],{},[15,34835,34576],{},[157,34837,34838],{},[15,34839,8755],{},[20,34841,34842],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1324,34844,34846],{"id":34845},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[43,34848,34850],{"className":45,"code":34849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34851,34852,34872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34853,34854,34856,34858,34860,34862,34864,34866,34868,34870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34855,59],{"class":58},[52,34857,63],{"class":62},[52,34859,3743],{"class":66},[52,34861,71],{"class":70},[52,34863,74],{"class":66},[52,34865,77],{"class":70},[52,34867,74],{"class":66},[52,34869,104],{"class":70},[52,34871,3756],{"class":66},[52,34873,34874,34876,34878,34880,34882,34884],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34875,119],{"class":118},[52,34877,122],{"class":66},[52,34879,34479],{"class":118},[52,34881,122],{"class":66},[52,34883,86],{"class":92},[52,34885,2150],{"class":66},[20,34887,34821],{},[154,34889,34890,34894,34898,34903],{},[157,34891,34892],{},[15,34893,13668],{},[157,34895,34896],{},[15,34897,26351],{},[157,34899,34900],{},[15,34901,34902],{},"remove",[157,34904,34905],{},[15,34906,34907],{},"sort",[20,34909,34910],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34912,34913,34914,34919,34920,34922],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[30,34915,34917],{"href":34916},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34918,2423],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34921,34418],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[38,34924,8538,34926,34651],{"id":34925},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34927,34418],{},[20,34929,34930,34931,34933],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34932,34418],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34935,34936],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[43,34938,34940],{"className":45,"code":34939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34941,34942,34951,34955,34966,34978,34982],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34943,34944,34946,34948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34945,3142],{"class":58},[52,34947,63],{"class":62},[52,34949,34950],{"class":70}," 5\n",[52,34952,34953],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,34954,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,34956,34957,34960,34964],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34958,34959],{"class":2187},"def",[52,34961,34963],{"class":34962},"sGLFI"," greet",[52,34965,21706],{"class":66},[52,34967,34968,34971,34973,34976],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,34969,34970],{"class":3996},"    return",[52,34972,200],{"class":188},[52,34974,34975],{"class":192},"Hello",[52,34977,3479],{"class":188},[52,34979,34980],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,34981,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,34983,34984,34986,34988,34990],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,34985,119],{"class":118},[52,34987,122],{"class":66},[52,34989,34479],{"class":118},[52,34991,7312],{"class":66},[20,34993,34994],{},"The output will include names like:",[154,34996,34997,35001],{},[157,34998,34999],{},[15,35000,930],{},[157,35002,35003],{},[15,35004,35005],{},"greet",[20,35007,35008],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[154,35010,35011,35014,35017],{},[157,35012,35013],{},"what variables exist",[157,35015,35016],{},"what functions you have defined",[157,35018,35019],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35021,35022],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[38,35024,35026],{"id":35025},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35028,35029,35030,35032],{},"When you first use ",[15,35031,34418],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35034,347],{},[43,35036,35037],{"className":45,"code":34788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35038,35039,35051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35040,35041,35043,35045,35047,35049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35042,34795],{"class":58},[52,35044,63],{"class":62},[52,35046,200],{"class":188},[52,35048,3964],{"class":192},[52,35050,3479],{"class":188},[52,35052,35053,35055,35057,35059,35061,35063],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35054,119],{"class":118},[52,35056,122],{"class":66},[52,35058,34479],{"class":118},[52,35060,122],{"class":66},[52,35062,34816],{"class":92},[52,35064,2150],{"class":66},[20,35066,35067],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[154,35069,35070,35074,35078],{},[157,35071,35072],{},[15,35073,34517],{},[157,35075,35076],{},[15,35077,34553],{},[157,35079,35080],{},[15,35081,35082],{},"__len__",[20,35084,35085],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35087,35088],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[154,35090,35091,35095,35099,35103],{},[157,35092,35093],{},[15,35094,34585],{},[157,35096,35097],{},[15,35098,8761],{},[157,35100,35101],{},[15,35102,34576],{},[157,35104,35105],{},[15,35106,35107],{},"replace",[20,35109,35110],{},"A key point to remember:",[154,35112,35113,35121],{},[157,35114,35115,35117,35118],{},[15,35116,34418],{}," lists ",[984,35119,35120],{},"names only",[157,35122,35123,35124,35126],{},"it does ",[984,35125,986],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35128,35129,35130,89],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[30,35131,35133],{"href":35132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35134,35135],{},"help()",[20,35137,5590],{},[43,35139,35141],{"className":45,"code":35140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35142,35143,35155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35144,35145,35147,35149,35151,35153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35146,7995],{"class":58},[52,35148,63],{"class":62},[52,35150,200],{"class":188},[52,35152,3964],{"class":192},[52,35154,3479],{"class":188},[52,35156,35157,35159,35161,35163,35165,35167],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35158,32262],{"class":118},[52,35160,122],{"class":66},[52,35162,7786],{"class":92},[52,35164,89],{"class":66},[52,35166,34585],{"class":24860},[52,35168,127],{"class":66},[38,35170,35172,35174],{"id":35171},"dir-on-modules",[15,35173,34418],{}," on modules",[20,35176,15827,35177,35179],{},[15,35178,34418],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35181,35182],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1324,35184,35186,35187,35189],{"id":35185},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35188,18528],{}," module",[43,35191,35193],{"className":45,"code":35192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35194,35195,35203,35207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35196,35197,35200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35198,35199],{"class":3996},"import",[52,35201,35202],{"class":58}," math\n",[52,35204,35205],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35206,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,35208,35209,35211,35213,35215,35217,35219],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35210,119],{"class":118},[52,35212,122],{"class":66},[52,35214,34479],{"class":118},[52,35216,122],{"class":66},[52,35218,18528],{"class":92},[52,35220,2150],{"class":66},[20,35222,35223],{},"You may see names like:",[154,35225,35226,35231,35236,35241],{},[157,35227,35228],{},[15,35229,35230],{},"sqrt",[157,35232,35233],{},[15,35234,35235],{},"ceil",[157,35237,35238],{},[15,35239,35240],{},"floor",[157,35242,35243],{},[15,35244,35245],{},"pi",[20,35247,35248],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35250,35251],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[154,35253,35254,35260],{},[157,35255,35256],{},[30,35257,35259],{"href":35258},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[157,35261,35262],{},[30,35263,35265],{"href":35264},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1324,35267,35269],{"id":35268},"another-example","Another example",[43,35271,35273],{"className":45,"code":35272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35274,35275,35282,35286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35276,35277,35279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35278,35199],{"class":3996},[52,35280,35281],{"class":58}," json\n",[52,35283,35284],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35285,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,35287,35288,35290,35292,35294,35296,35299],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35289,119],{"class":118},[52,35291,122],{"class":66},[52,35293,34479],{"class":118},[52,35295,122],{"class":66},[52,35297,35298],{"class":92},"json",[52,35300,2150],{"class":66},[20,35302,35303,35304,2311,35307,2311,35310,17186,35313,89],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35305,35306],{},"dump",[15,35308,35309],{},"dumps",[15,35311,35312],{},"load",[15,35314,35315],{},"loads",[38,35317,35319,1083,35321],{"id":35318},"dir-vs-help",[15,35320,34418],{},[15,35322,35135],{},[20,35324,35325,668,35327,35329],{},[15,35326,34418],{},[15,35328,35135],{}," are often used together.",[1324,35331,35332],{"id":34479},[15,35333,34418],{},[154,35335,35336,35339],{},[157,35337,35338],{},"shows available names",[157,35340,35341],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1324,35343,35344],{"id":32262},[15,35345,35135],{},[154,35347,35348,35351],{},[157,35349,35350],{},"explains what an object or function does",[157,35352,35353],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35355,35356],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[43,35358,35360],{"className":45,"code":35359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35361,35362,35374,35378,35392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35363,35364,35366,35368,35370,35372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35365,7995],{"class":58},[52,35367,63],{"class":62},[52,35369,200],{"class":188},[52,35371,3964],{"class":192},[52,35373,3479],{"class":188},[52,35375,35376],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35377,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,35379,35380,35382,35384,35386,35388,35390],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35381,119],{"class":118},[52,35383,122],{"class":66},[52,35385,34479],{"class":118},[52,35387,122],{"class":66},[52,35389,7786],{"class":92},[52,35391,2150],{"class":66},[52,35393,35394,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,35395,32262],{"class":118},[52,35397,122],{"class":66},[52,35399,7786],{"class":92},[52,35401,89],{"class":66},[52,35403,34585],{"class":24860},[52,35405,127],{"class":66},[20,35407,137,35408,35410,35411,35413,35414,35416],{},[15,35409,34418],{}," first to find a method name.",[9965,35412],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35415,35135],{}," to understand how to use it.",[38,35418,25468],{"id":25467},[20,35420,35421],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1324,35423,35425,35427],{"id":35424},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35426,34418],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35429,35430,35432],{},[15,35431,34418],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35434,35435,35436,35438,35439,35442],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35437,34585],{}," in ",[15,35440,35441],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1324,35444,35446],{"id":35445},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35448,35449],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35451,35452],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1324,35454,35456],{"id":35455},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35458,35459],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35461,5590],{},[154,35463,35464,35469,35475],{},[157,35465,35466,35468],{},[15,35467,35441],{}," shows string-related names",[157,35470,35471,35474],{},[15,35472,35473],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[157,35476,35477,35480,35481,35189],{},[15,35478,35479],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35482,18528],{},[1324,35484,35486],{"id":35485},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35488,35489,35490,35492],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35491,34418],{}," does not mean you already know:",[154,35494,35495,35498,35501],{},[157,35496,35497],{},"what it does",[157,35499,35500],{},"what arguments it needs",[157,35502,35503],{},"what it returns",[20,35505,35506,35507,35509],{},"That is why ",[15,35508,35135],{}," is the natural next step.",[38,35511,2948],{"id":2947},[20,35513,35514,35515,35517],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35516,34418],{}," in these situations:",[154,35519,35520,35523,35532,35535],{},[157,35521,35522],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[157,35524,35525,35526,35531],{},"Seeing an ",[30,35527,35529],{"href":35528},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35530,25782],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[157,35533,35534],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[157,35536,8538,35537,35539,35540],{},[15,35538,34418],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35541,35135],{},[20,35543,35544],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[43,35546,35548],{"className":45,"code":35547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35549,35550,35562,35566,35580,35594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35551,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35553,7995],{"class":58},[52,35555,63],{"class":62},[52,35557,200],{"class":188},[52,35559,3964],{"class":192},[52,35561,3479],{"class":188},[52,35563,35564],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35565,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,35567,35568,35570,35572,35574,35576,35578],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35569,119],{"class":118},[52,35571,122],{"class":66},[52,35573,3340],{"class":3020},[52,35575,122],{"class":66},[52,35577,7786],{"class":92},[52,35579,2150],{"class":66},[52,35581,35582,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,35583,119],{"class":118},[52,35585,122],{"class":66},[52,35587,34479],{"class":118},[52,35589,122],{"class":66},[52,35591,7786],{"class":92},[52,35593,2150],{"class":66},[52,35595,35596,35598,35600,35602,35604,35606],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,35597,32262],{"class":118},[52,35599,122],{"class":66},[52,35601,7786],{"class":92},[52,35603,89],{"class":66},[52,35605,34585],{"class":24860},[52,35607,127],{"class":66},[20,35609,35610],{},"And for modules:",[43,35612,35613],{"className":45,"code":35192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35614,35615,35621,35625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35616,35617,35619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35618,35199],{"class":3996},[52,35620,35202],{"class":58},[52,35622,35623],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35624,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,35626,35627,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35628,119],{"class":118},[52,35630,122],{"class":66},[52,35632,34479],{"class":118},[52,35634,122],{"class":66},[52,35636,18528],{"class":92},[52,35638,2150],{"class":66},[20,35640,35641],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[43,35643,35645],{"className":45,"code":35644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35646,35647,35652,35664,35674,35688,35694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35648,35649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35650,35651],{"class":58},"python\n",[52,35653,35654,35656,35658,35660,35662],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35655,7995],{"class":58},[52,35657,63],{"class":62},[52,35659,200],{"class":188},[52,35661,3964],{"class":192},[52,35663,3479],{"class":188},[52,35665,35666,35668,35670,35672],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35667,34479],{"class":118},[52,35669,122],{"class":66},[52,35671,7786],{"class":92},[52,35673,127],{"class":66},[52,35675,35676,35678,35680,35682,35684,35686],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,35677,32262],{"class":118},[52,35679,122],{"class":66},[52,35681,7786],{"class":92},[52,35683,89],{"class":66},[52,35685,34585],{"class":24860},[52,35687,127],{"class":66},[52,35689,35690,35692],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,35691,35199],{"class":3996},[52,35693,35202],{"class":58},[52,35695,35696,35698,35700,35702],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,35697,34479],{"class":118},[52,35699,122],{"class":66},[52,35701,18528],{"class":92},[52,35703,127],{"class":66},[38,35705,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,35707,5260,35709,5263],{"id":35708},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35710,34418],{},[20,35712,35713],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1324,35715,1959,35717,668,35719,1964],{"id":35716},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35718,34418],{},[15,35720,35135],{},[20,35722,35723,35725,35726,35728],{},[15,35724,34418],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35727,35135],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1324,35730,35732,35733,35735],{"id":35731},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35734,34418],{}," output?",[20,35737,35738],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1324,35740,5288,35742,35744,35745,1964],{"id":35741},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35743,34418],{}," help fix ",[15,35746,25782],{},[20,35748,35749,35750,89],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[30,35751,35752],{"href":35528},"object has no attribute",[38,35754,1996],{"id":1995},[154,35756,35757,35763,35768,35772,35776],{},[157,35758,35759],{},[30,35760,3697,35761,3630],{"href":35132},[15,35762,35135],{},[157,35764,35765],{},[30,35766,35767],{"href":35528},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[157,35769,35770],{},[30,35771,35259],{"href":35258},[157,35773,35774],{},[30,35775,35265],{"href":35264},[157,35777,35778],{},[30,35779,3697,35780,3630],{"href":34916},[15,35781,2423],{},[20,35783,35784,35785,35787,35788,35790],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35786,34418],{}," together with ",[15,35789,35135],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2044,35792,35793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":35795},[35796,35797,35799,35804,35809,35811,35812,35818,35823,35830,35831,35841],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":34595,"depth":83,"text":35798},"What dir() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":35800},[35801,35803],{"id":34648,"depth":115,"text":35802},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34704,"depth":115,"text":34490},{"id":34772,"depth":83,"text":35805,"children":35806},"Using dir() with a value",[35807,35808],{"id":34784,"depth":115,"text":34785},{"id":34845,"depth":115,"text":34846},{"id":34925,"depth":83,"text":35810},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35025,"depth":83,"text":35026},{"id":35171,"depth":83,"text":35813,"children":35814},"dir() on modules",[35815,35817],{"id":35185,"depth":115,"text":35816},"Example: math module",{"id":35268,"depth":115,"text":35269},{"id":35318,"depth":83,"text":35819,"children":35820},"dir() vs help()",[35821,35822],{"id":34479,"depth":115,"text":34418},{"id":32262,"depth":115,"text":35135},{"id":25467,"depth":83,"text":25468,"children":35824},[35825,35827,35828,35829],{"id":35424,"depth":115,"text":35826},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35445,"depth":115,"text":35446},{"id":35455,"depth":115,"text":35456},{"id":35485,"depth":115,"text":35486},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":35832},[35833,35835,35837,35839],{"id":35708,"depth":115,"text":35834},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35716,"depth":115,"text":35836},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35731,"depth":115,"text":35838},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35741,"depth":115,"text":35840},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34410,"description":35842},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35849,"title":35850,"body":35851,"description":37666,"extension":2083,"meta":37667,"navigation":240,"path":37668,"seo":37669,"stem":37670,"__hash__":37671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35852,"toc":37635},[35853,35859,35864,35867,35875,35881,35883,35963,35965,35991,35996,36001,36006,36009,36020,36023,36025,36104,36106,36132,36139,36141,36143,36168,36171,36184,36189,36191,36270,36272,36298,36307,36312,36320,36326,36333,36336,36338,36415,36418,36475,36477,36514,36520,36525,36530,36533,36547,36549,36652,36654,36697,36706,36716,36723,36729,36736,36819,36821,36844,36847,36850,36852,36856,36860,36863,36926,36949,36952,36956,36962,36964,37031,37034,37111,37116,37122,37125,37128,37173,37175,37199,37204,37208,37213,37219,37282,37285,37287,37290,37315,37318,37453,37455,37556,37558,37563,37566,37572,37582,37590,37595,37601,37607,37609,37632],[10,35854,3697,35856,3701],{"id":35855},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35857,35858],{},"enumerate()",[20,35860,35861,35863],{},[15,35862,35858],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35865,35866],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[154,35868,35869,35872],{},[157,35870,35871],{},"the item itself",[157,35873,35874],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35876,35877,35878,35880],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35879,35858],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[38,35882,2125],{"id":2124},[43,35884,35886],{"className":45,"code":35885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35887,35888,35920,35924,35947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35889,35890,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35891,181],{"class":58},[52,35893,63],{"class":62},[52,35895,3743],{"class":66},[52,35897,189],{"class":188},[52,35899,193],{"class":192},[52,35901,189],{"class":188},[52,35903,74],{"class":66},[52,35905,200],{"class":188},[52,35907,231],{"class":192},[52,35909,189],{"class":188},[52,35911,74],{"class":66},[52,35913,200],{"class":188},[52,35915,203],{"class":192},[52,35917,189],{"class":188},[52,35919,3756],{"class":66},[52,35921,35922],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35923,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,35925,35926,35928,35931,35933,35936,35938,35941,35943,35945],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35927,6077],{"class":3996},[52,35929,35930],{"class":58}," index",[52,35932,74],{"class":66},[52,35934,35935],{"class":58}," color ",[52,35937,4003],{"class":3996},[52,35939,35940],{"class":118}," enumerate",[52,35942,122],{"class":66},[52,35944,212],{"class":92},[52,35946,8462],{"class":66},[52,35948,35949,35951,35953,35956,35958,35961],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,35950,8188],{"class":118},[52,35952,122],{"class":66},[52,35954,35955],{"class":92},"index",[52,35957,74],{"class":66},[52,35959,35960],{"class":92}," color",[52,35962,127],{"class":66},[20,35964,2193],{},[43,35966,35968],{"className":45,"code":35967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35969,35970,35977,35984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35971,35972,35974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35973,2243],{"class":70},[52,35975,35976],{"class":58}," red\n",[52,35978,35979,35981],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,35980,71],{"class":70},[52,35982,35983],{"class":58}," green\n",[52,35985,35986,35988],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35987,99],{"class":70},[52,35989,35990],{"class":58}," blue\n",[20,35992,137,35993,35995],{},[15,35994,35858],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[38,35997,144,35999,147],{"id":35998},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36000,35858],{},[20,36002,36003,36005],{},[15,36004,35858],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36007,36008],{},"It is commonly used with:",[154,36010,36011,36013,36015,36017],{},[157,36012,5418],{},[157,36014,5421],{},[157,36016,5427],{},[157,36018,36019],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36021,36022],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36024,347],{},[43,36026,36028],{"className":45,"code":36027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36029,36030,36064,36068,36089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36031,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040,36042,36044,36046,36048,36051,36053,36055,36057,36060,36062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36033,5112],{"class":58},[52,36035,63],{"class":62},[52,36037,3743],{"class":66},[52,36039,189],{"class":188},[52,36041,12997],{"class":192},[52,36043,189],{"class":188},[52,36045,74],{"class":66},[52,36047,200],{"class":188},[52,36049,36050],{"class":192},"Ben",[52,36052,189],{"class":188},[52,36054,74],{"class":66},[52,36056,200],{"class":188},[52,36058,36059],{"class":192},"Cara",[52,36061,189],{"class":188},[52,36063,3756],{"class":66},[52,36065,36066],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36067,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36069,36070,36072,36074,36076,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36071,6077],{"class":3996},[52,36073,35930],{"class":58},[52,36075,74],{"class":66},[52,36077,36078],{"class":58}," name ",[52,36080,4003],{"class":3996},[52,36082,35940],{"class":118},[52,36084,122],{"class":66},[52,36086,5156],{"class":92},[52,36088,8462],{"class":66},[52,36090,36091,36093,36095,36097,36099,36102],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,36092,8188],{"class":118},[52,36094,122],{"class":66},[52,36096,35955],{"class":92},[52,36098,74],{"class":66},[52,36100,36101],{"class":92}," name",[52,36103,127],{"class":66},[20,36105,2193],{},[43,36107,36109],{"className":45,"code":36108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36110,36111,36118,36125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36112,36113,36115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36114,2243],{"class":70},[52,36116,36117],{"class":58}," Ana\n",[52,36119,36120,36122],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36121,71],{"class":70},[52,36123,36124],{"class":58}," Ben\n",[52,36126,36127,36129],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36128,99],{"class":70},[52,36130,36131],{"class":58}," Cara\n",[20,36133,36134,36135,89],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[30,36136,36138],{"href":36137},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[38,36140,268],{"id":267},[20,36142,2282],{},[43,36144,36146],{"className":45,"code":36145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36147,36148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36149,36150,36153,36155,36157,36159,36162,36164,36166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36151,36152],{"class":118},"enumerate",[52,36154,122],{"class":66},[52,36156,290],{"class":92},[52,36158,74],{"class":66},[52,36160,36161],{"class":9298}," start",[52,36163,63],{"class":62},[52,36165,2243],{"class":70},[52,36167,127],{"class":66},[20,36169,36170],{},"It has two parts:",[154,36172,36173,36178],{},[157,36174,36175,36177],{},[15,36176,290],{},": the object you want to loop through",[157,36179,36180,36183],{},[15,36181,36182],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36185,36186,36187,89],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36188,2243],{},[20,36190,347],{},[43,36192,36194],{"className":45,"code":36193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36195,36196,36228,36232,36254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36197,36198,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214,36216,36218,36220,36222,36224,36226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36199,921],{"class":58},[52,36201,63],{"class":62},[52,36203,3743],{"class":66},[52,36205,189],{"class":188},[52,36207,30],{"class":192},[52,36209,189],{"class":188},[52,36211,74],{"class":66},[52,36213,200],{"class":188},[52,36215,1393],{"class":192},[52,36217,189],{"class":188},[52,36219,74],{"class":66},[52,36221,200],{"class":188},[52,36223,1491],{"class":192},[52,36225,189],{"class":188},[52,36227,3756],{"class":66},[52,36229,36230],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36231,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36233,36234,36236,36239,36241,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36235,6077],{"class":3996},[52,36237,36238],{"class":58}," i",[52,36240,74],{"class":66},[52,36242,36243],{"class":58}," letter ",[52,36245,4003],{"class":3996},[52,36247,35940],{"class":118},[52,36249,122],{"class":66},[52,36251,939],{"class":92},[52,36253,8462],{"class":66},[52,36255,36256,36258,36260,36263,36265,36268],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,36257,8188],{"class":118},[52,36259,122],{"class":66},[52,36261,36262],{"class":92},"i",[52,36264,74],{"class":66},[52,36266,36267],{"class":92}," letter",[52,36269,127],{"class":66},[20,36271,2193],{},[43,36273,36275],{"className":45,"code":36274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36276,36277,36284,36291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36278,36279,36281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36280,2243],{"class":70},[52,36282,36283],{"class":58}," a\n",[52,36285,36286,36288],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36287,71],{"class":70},[52,36289,36290],{"class":58}," b\n",[52,36292,36293,36295],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36294,99],{"class":70},[52,36296,36297],{"class":58}," c\n",[20,36299,36300,36301,89],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[30,36302,3697,36304,3630],{"href":36303},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36305,36306],{},"range()",[38,36308,144,36310,11822],{"id":36309},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36311,35858],{},[20,36313,36314,36316,36317,89],{},[15,36315,35858],{}," returns an ",[984,36318,36319],{},"enumerate object",[20,36321,36322,36323,36325],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36324,6077],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[154,36327,36328],{},[157,36329,36330],{},[15,36331,36332],{},"(index, item)",[20,36334,36335],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36337,347],{},[43,36339,36341],{"className":45,"code":36340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36342,36343,36375,36379,36400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36344,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36346,1116],{"class":58},[52,36348,63],{"class":62},[52,36350,3743],{"class":66},[52,36352,189],{"class":188},[52,36354,1125],{"class":192},[52,36356,189],{"class":188},[52,36358,74],{"class":66},[52,36360,200],{"class":188},[52,36362,1145],{"class":192},[52,36364,189],{"class":188},[52,36366,74],{"class":66},[52,36368,200],{"class":188},[52,36370,1216],{"class":192},[52,36372,189],{"class":188},[52,36374,3756],{"class":66},[52,36376,36377],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36378,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36380,36381,36383,36385,36387,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36382,6077],{"class":3996},[52,36384,35930],{"class":58},[52,36386,74],{"class":66},[52,36388,36389],{"class":58}," fruit ",[52,36391,4003],{"class":3996},[52,36393,35940],{"class":118},[52,36395,122],{"class":66},[52,36397,1134],{"class":92},[52,36399,8462],{"class":66},[52,36401,36402,36404,36406,36408,36410,36413],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,36403,8188],{"class":118},[52,36405,122],{"class":66},[52,36407,35955],{"class":92},[52,36409,74],{"class":66},[52,36411,36412],{"class":92}," fruit",[52,36414,127],{"class":66},[20,36416,36417],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[43,36419,36421],{"className":45,"code":36420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36422,36423,36443,36447,36465],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36424,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36426,59],{"class":58},[52,36428,63],{"class":62},[52,36430,3743],{"class":66},[52,36432,2452],{"class":70},[52,36434,74],{"class":66},[52,36436,7908],{"class":70},[52,36438,74],{"class":66},[52,36440,7913],{"class":70},[52,36442,3756],{"class":66},[52,36444,36445],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36446,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36448,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36450,474],{"class":58},[52,36452,63],{"class":62},[52,36454,22669],{"class":3020},[52,36456,122],{"class":66},[52,36458,36152],{"class":118},[52,36460,122],{"class":66},[52,36462,86],{"class":92},[52,36464,2150],{"class":66},[52,36466,36467,36469,36471,36473],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,36468,119],{"class":118},[52,36470,122],{"class":66},[52,36472,507],{"class":92},[52,36474,127],{"class":66},[20,36476,2193],{},[43,36478,36480],{"className":45,"code":36479,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36481,36482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36483,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36485,21851],{"class":66},[52,36487,2243],{"class":70},[52,36489,74],{"class":66},[52,36491,6124],{"class":70},[52,36493,399],{"class":66},[52,36495,388],{"class":66},[52,36497,71],{"class":70},[52,36499,74],{"class":66},[52,36501,7908],{"class":70},[52,36503,399],{"class":66},[52,36505,388],{"class":66},[52,36507,99],{"class":70},[52,36509,74],{"class":66},[52,36511,7913],{"class":70},[52,36513,9370],{"class":66},[20,36515,36516,36517,36519],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36518,35858],{}," produces.",[38,36521,5078,36523],{"id":36522},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36524,35858],{},[20,36526,137,36527,36529],{},[15,36528,35858],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36531,36532],{},"Common cases:",[154,36534,36535,36538,36541,36544],{},[157,36536,36537],{},"printing numbered output",[157,36539,36540],{},"building menus",[157,36542,36543],{},"showing positions in a list",[157,36545,36546],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36548,347],{},[43,36550,36552],{"className":45,"code":36551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36553,36554,36589,36593,36623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36555,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36567,36569,36571,36573,36576,36578,36580,36582,36585,36587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36557,30008],{"class":58},[52,36559,63],{"class":62},[52,36561,3743],{"class":66},[52,36563,189],{"class":188},[52,36565,36566],{"class":192},"Wash dishes",[52,36568,189],{"class":188},[52,36570,74],{"class":66},[52,36572,200],{"class":188},[52,36574,36575],{"class":192},"Study Python",[52,36577,189],{"class":188},[52,36579,74],{"class":66},[52,36581,200],{"class":188},[52,36583,36584],{"class":192},"Go for a walk",[52,36586,189],{"class":188},[52,36588,3756],{"class":66},[52,36590,36591],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36592,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36594,36595,36597,36599,36601,36604,36606,36608,36610,36613,36615,36617,36619,36621],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36596,6077],{"class":3996},[52,36598,2319],{"class":58},[52,36600,74],{"class":66},[52,36602,36603],{"class":58}," task ",[52,36605,4003],{"class":3996},[52,36607,35940],{"class":118},[52,36609,122],{"class":66},[52,36611,36612],{"class":92},"tasks",[52,36614,74],{"class":66},[52,36616,36161],{"class":9298},[52,36618,63],{"class":62},[52,36620,71],{"class":70},[52,36622,8462],{"class":66},[52,36624,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36646,36648,36650],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,36626,8188],{"class":118},[52,36628,122],{"class":66},[52,36630,22403],{"class":2187},[52,36632,189],{"class":192},[52,36634,9399],{"class":70},[52,36636,2361],{"class":92},[52,36638,22412],{"class":70},[52,36640,28424],{"class":192},[52,36642,9399],{"class":70},[52,36644,36645],{"class":92},"task",[52,36647,22412],{"class":70},[52,36649,189],{"class":192},[52,36651,127],{"class":66},[20,36653,2193],{},[43,36655,36657],{"className":45,"code":36656,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36658,36659,36671,36683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36660,36661,36663,36665,36668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36662,71],{"class":70},[52,36664,89],{"class":66},[52,36666,36667],{"class":24860}," Wash",[52,36669,36670],{"class":58}," dishes\n",[52,36672,36673,36675,36677,36680],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36674,99],{"class":70},[52,36676,89],{"class":66},[52,36678,36679],{"class":24860}," Study",[52,36681,36682],{"class":58}," Python\n",[52,36684,36685,36687,36689,36692,36694],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36686,488],{"class":70},[52,36688,89],{"class":66},[52,36690,36691],{"class":24860}," Go",[52,36693,3997],{"class":3996},[52,36695,36696],{"class":58}," a walk\n",[20,36698,36699,36700,36702,36703,89],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36701,35858],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36704,36705],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36707,36708,36709,89],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[30,36710,36712,36713,36715],{"href":36711},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36714,35858],{}," in Python",[38,36717,36719,36720,36722],{"id":36718},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36721,36182],{}," argument",[20,36724,36725,36726,36728],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36727,36182],{}," argument.",[20,36730,36731,36732,1990,36734,152],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36733,71],{},[15,36735,2243],{},[43,36737,36739],{"className":45,"code":36738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36740,36741,36773,36777,36805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36742,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36744,181],{"class":58},[52,36746,63],{"class":62},[52,36748,3743],{"class":66},[52,36750,189],{"class":188},[52,36752,193],{"class":192},[52,36754,189],{"class":188},[52,36756,74],{"class":66},[52,36758,200],{"class":188},[52,36760,231],{"class":192},[52,36762,189],{"class":188},[52,36764,74],{"class":66},[52,36766,200],{"class":188},[52,36768,203],{"class":192},[52,36770,189],{"class":188},[52,36772,3756],{"class":66},[52,36774,36775],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36776,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36778,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36780,6077],{"class":3996},[52,36782,35930],{"class":58},[52,36784,74],{"class":66},[52,36786,35935],{"class":58},[52,36788,4003],{"class":3996},[52,36790,35940],{"class":118},[52,36792,122],{"class":66},[52,36794,212],{"class":92},[52,36796,74],{"class":66},[52,36798,36161],{"class":9298},[52,36800,63],{"class":62},[52,36802,71],{"class":70},[52,36804,8462],{"class":66},[52,36806,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,36808,8188],{"class":118},[52,36810,122],{"class":66},[52,36812,35955],{"class":92},[52,36814,74],{"class":66},[52,36816,35960],{"class":92},[52,36818,127],{"class":66},[20,36820,2193],{},[43,36822,36824],{"className":45,"code":36823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36825,36826,36832,36838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36827,36828,36830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36829,71],{"class":70},[52,36831,35976],{"class":58},[52,36833,36834,36836],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36835,99],{"class":70},[52,36837,35983],{"class":58},[52,36839,36840,36842],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36841,488],{"class":70},[52,36843,35990],{"class":58},[20,36845,36846],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36848,36849],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[38,36851,25468],{"id":25467},[20,36853,25471,36854,89],{},[15,36855,35858],{},[1324,36857,36859],{"id":36858},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36861,36862],{},"In this loop:",[43,36864,36866],{"className":45,"code":36865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36867,36868,36888,36892,36912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36869,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36871,59],{"class":58},[52,36873,63],{"class":62},[52,36875,3743],{"class":66},[52,36877,2452],{"class":70},[52,36879,74],{"class":66},[52,36881,7908],{"class":70},[52,36883,74],{"class":66},[52,36885,7913],{"class":70},[52,36887,3756],{"class":66},[52,36889,36890],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36891,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36893,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36895,6077],{"class":3996},[52,36897,35930],{"class":58},[52,36899,74],{"class":66},[52,36901,21695],{"class":58},[52,36903,4003],{"class":3996},[52,36905,35940],{"class":118},[52,36907,122],{"class":66},[52,36909,86],{"class":92},[52,36911,8462],{"class":66},[52,36913,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,36915,8188],{"class":118},[52,36917,122],{"class":66},[52,36919,35955],{"class":92},[52,36921,74],{"class":66},[52,36923,8554],{"class":92},[52,36925,127],{"class":66},[154,36927,36928,36938],{},[157,36929,36930,4900,36932,2311,36934,2311,36936],{},[15,36931,35955],{},[15,36933,2243],{},[15,36935,71],{},[15,36937,99],{},[157,36939,36940,4900,36942,2311,36944,2311,36946],{},[15,36941,2593],{},[15,36943,2452],{},[15,36945,15867],{},[15,36947,36948],{},"30",[20,36950,36951],{},"These are different things.",[1324,36953,36955],{"id":36954},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36957,36958,36959,36961],{},"Each item from ",[15,36960,35858],{}," is a pair.",[20,36963,6805],{},[43,36965,36967],{"className":45,"code":36966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36968,36969,36993,36997,37017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36970,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36972,7897],{"class":58},[52,36974,63],{"class":62},[52,36976,3743],{"class":66},[52,36978,189],{"class":188},[52,36980,930],{"class":192},[52,36982,189],{"class":188},[52,36984,74],{"class":66},[52,36986,200],{"class":188},[52,36988,11861],{"class":192},[52,36990,189],{"class":188},[52,36992,3756],{"class":66},[52,36994,36995],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,36996,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,36998,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37000,6077],{"class":3996},[52,37002,36238],{"class":58},[52,37004,74],{"class":66},[52,37006,6080],{"class":58},[52,37008,4003],{"class":3996},[52,37010,35940],{"class":118},[52,37012,122],{"class":66},[52,37014,7928],{"class":92},[52,37016,8462],{"class":66},[52,37018,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,37020,8188],{"class":118},[52,37022,122],{"class":66},[52,37024,36262],{"class":92},[52,37026,74],{"class":66},[52,37028,29617],{"class":92},[52,37030,127],{"class":66},[20,37032,37033],{},"But this causes an error:",[43,37035,37037],{"className":45,"code":37036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37038,37039,37063,37067,37092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37040,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37042,7897],{"class":58},[52,37044,63],{"class":62},[52,37046,3743],{"class":66},[52,37048,189],{"class":188},[52,37050,930],{"class":192},[52,37052,189],{"class":188},[52,37054,74],{"class":66},[52,37056,200],{"class":188},[52,37058,11861],{"class":192},[52,37060,189],{"class":188},[52,37062,3756],{"class":66},[52,37064,37065],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37066,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,37068,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077,37079,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37070,6077],{"class":3996},[52,37072,36238],{"class":58},[52,37074,74],{"class":66},[52,37076,29617],{"class":58},[52,37078,74],{"class":66},[52,37080,37081],{"class":58}," extra ",[52,37083,4003],{"class":3996},[52,37085,35940],{"class":118},[52,37087,122],{"class":66},[52,37089,7928],{"class":92},[52,37091,8462],{"class":66},[52,37093,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37109],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,37095,8188],{"class":118},[52,37097,122],{"class":66},[52,37099,36262],{"class":92},[52,37101,74],{"class":66},[52,37103,29617],{"class":92},[52,37105,74],{"class":66},[52,37107,37108],{"class":92}," extra",[52,37110,127],{"class":66},[20,37112,29171,37113,37115],{},[15,37114,35858],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1324,37117,37119,37121],{"id":37118},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37120,35858],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37123,37124],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37126,37127],{},"Example with a string:",[43,37129,37131],{"className":45,"code":37130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37132,37133,37158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37134,37135,37137,37139,37141,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37136,6077],{"class":3996},[52,37138,35930],{"class":58},[52,37140,74],{"class":66},[52,37142,37143],{"class":58}," char ",[52,37145,4003],{"class":3996},[52,37147,35940],{"class":118},[52,37149,122],{"class":66},[52,37151,189],{"class":188},[52,37153,950],{"class":192},[52,37155,189],{"class":188},[52,37157,8462],{"class":66},[52,37159,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37171],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37161,8188],{"class":118},[52,37163,122],{"class":66},[52,37165,35955],{"class":92},[52,37167,74],{"class":66},[52,37169,37170],{"class":92}," char",[52,37172,127],{"class":66},[20,37174,2193],{},[43,37176,37178],{"className":45,"code":37177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37179,37180,37186,37192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37181,37182,37184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37183,2243],{"class":70},[52,37185,36297],{"class":58},[52,37187,37188,37190],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37189,71],{"class":70},[52,37191,36283],{"class":58},[52,37193,37194,37196],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37195,99],{"class":70},[52,37197,37198],{"class":58}," t\n",[20,37200,37201,37202,89],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[30,37203,5254],{"href":5705},[1324,37205,37207],{"id":37206},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37209,37210,37211,89],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37212,35858],{},[20,37214,37215,37216,37218],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37217,6077],{}," loop:",[43,37220,37222],{"className":45,"code":37221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37223,37224,37256,37260,37272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37225,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37227,181],{"class":58},[52,37229,63],{"class":62},[52,37231,3743],{"class":66},[52,37233,189],{"class":188},[52,37235,193],{"class":192},[52,37237,189],{"class":188},[52,37239,74],{"class":66},[52,37241,200],{"class":188},[52,37243,231],{"class":192},[52,37245,189],{"class":188},[52,37247,74],{"class":66},[52,37249,200],{"class":188},[52,37251,203],{"class":192},[52,37253,189],{"class":188},[52,37255,3756],{"class":66},[52,37257,37258],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37259,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,37261,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37263,6077],{"class":3996},[52,37265,35935],{"class":58},[52,37267,4003],{"class":3996},[52,37269,13238],{"class":58},[52,37271,6514],{"class":66},[52,37273,37274,37276,37278,37280],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,37275,8188],{"class":118},[52,37277,122],{"class":66},[52,37279,32998],{"class":92},[52,37281,127],{"class":66},[20,37283,37284],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[38,37286,2948],{"id":2947},[20,37288,37289],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[154,37291,37292,37297,37303,37308],{},[157,37293,23210,37294,37296],{},[15,37295,35858],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[157,37298,37299,37300,37302],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37301,2243],{}," by default",[157,37304,8538,37305,37307],{},[15,37306,35858],{}," when only values are needed",[157,37309,37310,37311,8826,37313],{},"Confusing ",[15,37312,35858],{},[15,37314,36306],{},[20,37316,37317],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[43,37319,37321],{"className":45,"code":37320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37322,37323,37345,37372,37406,37439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37324,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37326,119],{"class":118},[52,37328,122],{"class":66},[52,37330,36152],{"class":118},[52,37332,96],{"class":66},[52,37334,2452],{"class":70},[52,37336,74],{"class":66},[52,37338,7908],{"class":70},[52,37340,74],{"class":66},[52,37342,7913],{"class":70},[52,37344,3117],{"class":66},[52,37346,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367,37369],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37348,119],{"class":118},[52,37350,122],{"class":66},[52,37352,8213],{"class":3020},[52,37354,122],{"class":66},[52,37356,36152],{"class":118},[52,37358,96],{"class":66},[52,37360,2452],{"class":70},[52,37362,74],{"class":66},[52,37364,7908],{"class":70},[52,37366,74],{"class":66},[52,37368,7913],{"class":70},[52,37370,37371],{"class":66},"])))\n",[52,37373,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37375,119],{"class":118},[52,37377,122],{"class":66},[52,37379,8213],{"class":3020},[52,37381,122],{"class":66},[52,37383,36152],{"class":118},[52,37385,96],{"class":66},[52,37387,2452],{"class":70},[52,37389,74],{"class":66},[52,37391,7908],{"class":70},[52,37393,74],{"class":66},[52,37395,7913],{"class":70},[52,37397,385],{"class":66},[52,37399,36161],{"class":9298},[52,37401,63],{"class":62},[52,37403,71],{"class":70},[52,37405,3031],{"class":66},[52,37407,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,37409,6077],{"class":3996},[52,37411,36238],{"class":58},[52,37413,74],{"class":66},[52,37415,21695],{"class":58},[52,37417,4003],{"class":3996},[52,37419,35940],{"class":118},[52,37421,96],{"class":66},[52,37423,3420],{"class":188},[52,37425,30],{"class":192},[52,37427,3420],{"class":188},[52,37429,74],{"class":66},[52,37431,3415],{"class":188},[52,37433,1393],{"class":192},[52,37435,3420],{"class":188},[52,37437,37438],{"class":66},"]):\n",[52,37440,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,37442,8188],{"class":118},[52,37444,122],{"class":66},[52,37446,36262],{"class":92},[52,37448,74],{"class":66},[52,37450,8554],{"class":92},[52,37452,127],{"class":66},[20,37454,17072],{},[43,37456,37458],{"className":45,"code":37457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37459,37460,37480,37512,37544,37550],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37461,37462,37464,37466,37468,37471,37475,37478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37463,3409],{"class":62},[52,37465,36152],{"class":118},[52,37467,24727],{"class":3020},[52,37469,37470],{"class":58}," at ",[52,37472,37474],{"class":37473},"srjyR","0x",[52,37476,37477],{"class":34560},"...",[52,37479,3423],{"class":62},[52,37481,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37483,21851],{"class":66},[52,37485,2243],{"class":70},[52,37487,74],{"class":66},[52,37489,6124],{"class":70},[52,37491,399],{"class":66},[52,37493,388],{"class":66},[52,37495,71],{"class":70},[52,37497,74],{"class":66},[52,37499,7908],{"class":70},[52,37501,399],{"class":66},[52,37503,388],{"class":66},[52,37505,99],{"class":70},[52,37507,74],{"class":66},[52,37509,7913],{"class":70},[52,37511,9370],{"class":66},[52,37513,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37515,21851],{"class":66},[52,37517,71],{"class":70},[52,37519,74],{"class":66},[52,37521,6124],{"class":70},[52,37523,399],{"class":66},[52,37525,388],{"class":66},[52,37527,99],{"class":70},[52,37529,74],{"class":66},[52,37531,7908],{"class":70},[52,37533,399],{"class":66},[52,37535,388],{"class":66},[52,37537,488],{"class":70},[52,37539,74],{"class":66},[52,37541,7913],{"class":70},[52,37543,9370],{"class":66},[52,37545,37546,37548],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,37547,2243],{"class":70},[52,37549,36283],{"class":58},[52,37551,37552,37554],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,37553,71],{"class":70},[52,37555,36290],{"class":58},[38,37557,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,37559,5260,37561,5263],{"id":37560},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37562,35858],{},[20,37564,37565],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1324,37567,1937,37569,37571],{"id":37568},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37570,35858],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37573,37574,37575,37577,37578,37581],{},"It starts at ",[15,37576,2243],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37579,37580],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1324,37583,21531,37585,1990,37587,1964],{"id":37584},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37586,35858],{},[15,37588,37589],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37591,36699,37592,37594],{},[15,37593,35858],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1324,37596,5288,37598,37600],{"id":37597},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37599,35858],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37602,37603,37604,37606],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37605,35858],{}," can return each character with its index.",[38,37608,1996],{"id":1995},[154,37610,37611,37615,37621,37628],{},[157,37612,37613],{},[30,37614,36138],{"href":36137},[157,37616,37617],{},[30,37618,3697,37619,3630],{"href":36303},[15,37620,36306],{},[157,37622,37623],{},[30,37624,37625,37626,36715],{"href":36711},"How to use ",[15,37627,35858],{},[157,37629,37630],{},[30,37631,5334],{"href":5705},[2044,37633,37634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":37636},[37637,37638,37640,37641,37643,37645,37647,37654,37655,37665],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":35998,"depth":83,"text":37639},"What enumerate() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":36309,"depth":83,"text":37642},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36522,"depth":83,"text":37644},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36718,"depth":83,"text":37646},"Using the start argument",{"id":25467,"depth":83,"text":25468,"children":37648},[37649,37650,37651,37653],{"id":36858,"depth":115,"text":36859},{"id":36954,"depth":115,"text":36955},{"id":37118,"depth":115,"text":37652},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37206,"depth":115,"text":37207},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":37656},[37657,37659,37661,37663],{"id":37560,"depth":115,"text":37658},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37568,"depth":115,"text":37660},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37584,"depth":115,"text":37662},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37597,"depth":115,"text":37664},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35850,"description":37666},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37673,"title":37674,"body":37675,"description":40190,"extension":2083,"meta":40191,"navigation":240,"path":40192,"seo":40193,"stem":40194,"__hash__":40195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37676,"toc":40147},[37677,37683,37688,37691,37699,37713,37715,37806,37814,37819,37824,37826,37842,37844,37923,37925,37942,37948,37952,37954,37975,37979,37982,37994,37998,38001,38004,38021,38024,38100,38102,38119,38124,38128,38136,38139,38154,38156,38245,38247,38292,38295,38299,38302,38381,38383,38405,38408,38415,38420,38423,38525,38527,38552,38555,38562,38568,38573,38576,38587,38693,38695,38716,38724,38731,38737,38756,38761,38764,38783,38785,38870,38872,38901,38904,38909,38914,38917,38928,38930,39019,39021,39041,39047,39153,39155,39175,39178,39262,39264,39284,39291,39293,39297,39303,39306,39363,39366,39369,39430,39439,39442,39445,39473,39476,39536,39538,39555,39559,39562,39640,39642,39662,39665,39740,39744,39747,39749,39758,39763,39765,39816,39824,39836,39841,39902,39904,39921,39925,39988,39990,40015,40023,40025,40031,40037,40044,40052,40058,40061,40068,40078,40084,40090,40093,40110,40116,40118,40144],[10,37678,3697,37680,3701],{"id":37679},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37681,37682],{},"filter()",[20,37684,37685,37687],{},[15,37686,37682],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37689,37690],{},"It takes:",[154,37692,37693,37696],{},[157,37694,37695],{},"a function that checks each item",[157,37697,37698],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37700,37701,37702,37705,37706,37709,37710,37712],{},"The result is ",[984,37703,37704],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37707,37708],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37711,24891],{}," to see the values.",[38,37714,2125],{"id":2124},[43,37716,37718],{"className":45,"code":37717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37719,37720,37753,37789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37721,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37723,59],{"class":58},[52,37725,63],{"class":62},[52,37727,3743],{"class":66},[52,37729,71],{"class":70},[52,37731,74],{"class":66},[52,37733,77],{"class":70},[52,37735,74],{"class":66},[52,37737,104],{"class":70},[52,37739,74],{"class":66},[52,37741,109],{"class":70},[52,37743,74],{"class":66},[52,37745,396],{"class":70},[52,37747,74],{"class":66},[52,37749,37750],{"class":70}," 6",[52,37752,3756],{"class":66},[52,37754,37755,37757,37759,37762,37764,37767,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37756,474],{"class":58},[52,37758,63],{"class":62},[52,37760,37761],{"class":118}," filter",[52,37763,122],{"class":66},[52,37765,37766],{"class":2187},"lambda",[52,37768,37770],{"class":37769},"sFwrP"," x",[52,37772,152],{"class":66},[52,37774,4000],{"class":92},[52,37776,6524],{"class":62},[52,37778,77],{"class":70},[52,37780,6529],{"class":62},[52,37782,3952],{"class":70},[52,37784,74],{"class":66},[52,37786,479],{"class":92},[52,37788,127],{"class":66},[52,37790,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37792,119],{"class":118},[52,37794,122],{"class":66},[52,37796,8213],{"class":3020},[52,37798,122],{"class":66},[52,37800,507],{"class":92},[52,37802,5479],{"class":66},[52,37804,37805],{"class":133},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37807,37808,37810,37811,37813],{},[15,37809,37682],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37812,24891],{}," to see the results.",[38,37815,144,37817,147],{"id":37816},"what-filter-does",[15,37818,37682],{},[20,37820,37821,37823],{},[15,37822,37682],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37825,2230],{},[154,37827,37828,37831,37837],{},[157,37829,37830],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[157,37832,37833,37834,37836],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37835,3726],{},", the item is kept",[157,37838,37833,37839,37841],{},[15,37840,3795],{},", the item is removed",[20,37843,347],{},[43,37845,37847],{"className":45,"code":37846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37848,37849,37877,37881,37909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37850,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37852,59],{"class":58},[52,37854,63],{"class":62},[52,37856,3743],{"class":66},[52,37858,71],{"class":70},[52,37860,74],{"class":66},[52,37862,77],{"class":70},[52,37864,74],{"class":66},[52,37866,104],{"class":70},[52,37868,74],{"class":66},[52,37870,109],{"class":70},[52,37872,74],{"class":66},[52,37874,396],{"class":70},[52,37876,3756],{"class":66},[52,37878,37879],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,37880,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,37882,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903,37905,37907],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37884,474],{"class":58},[52,37886,63],{"class":62},[52,37888,37761],{"class":118},[52,37890,122],{"class":66},[52,37892,37766],{"class":2187},[52,37894,37770],{"class":37769},[52,37896,152],{"class":66},[52,37898,4000],{"class":92},[52,37900,4370],{"class":62},[52,37902,104],{"class":70},[52,37904,74],{"class":66},[52,37906,479],{"class":92},[52,37908,127],{"class":66},[52,37910,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,37912,119],{"class":118},[52,37914,122],{"class":66},[52,37916,8213],{"class":3020},[52,37918,122],{"class":66},[52,37920,507],{"class":92},[52,37922,2150],{"class":66},[20,37924,2193],{},[43,37926,37928],{"className":45,"code":37927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37929,37930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37931,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37933,4020],{"class":66},[52,37935,391],{"class":70},[52,37937,74],{"class":66},[52,37939,396],{"class":70},[52,37941,3756],{"class":66},[20,37943,37944,37945,37947],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37946,488],{}," are kept.",[38,37949,37951],{"id":37950},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37953,2282],{},[43,37955,37957],{"className":45,"code":37956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37958,37959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37960,37961,37963,37965,37968,37970,37973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37962,37708],{"class":118},[52,37964,122],{"class":66},[52,37966,37967],{"class":92},"function",[52,37969,74],{"class":66},[52,37971,37972],{"class":92}," iterable",[52,37974,127],{"class":66},[1324,37976,37977],{"id":37967},[15,37978,37967],{},[20,37980,37981],{},"This is the test function.",[154,37983,37984,37987],{},[157,37985,37986],{},"It receives one item at a time",[157,37988,37989,37990,2996,37992],{},"It should return ",[15,37991,3726],{},[15,37993,3795],{},[1324,37995,37996],{"id":290},[15,37997,290],{},[20,37999,38000],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38002,38003],{},"It can be:",[154,38005,38006,38009,38012,38015,38018],{},[157,38007,38008],{},"a list",[157,38010,38011],{},"a tuple",[157,38013,38014],{},"a string",[157,38016,38017],{},"a set",[157,38019,38020],{},"another iterable object",[20,38022,38023],{},"Example with a tuple:",[43,38025,38027],{"className":45,"code":38026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38028,38029,38054,38058,38086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38030,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38032,59],{"class":58},[52,38034,63],{"class":62},[52,38036,388],{"class":66},[52,38038,2452],{"class":70},[52,38040,74],{"class":66},[52,38042,38043],{"class":70}," 15",[52,38045,74],{"class":66},[52,38047,7908],{"class":70},[52,38049,74],{"class":66},[52,38051,9427],{"class":70},[52,38053,127],{"class":66},[52,38055,38056],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38057,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,38059,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38061,474],{"class":58},[52,38063,63],{"class":62},[52,38065,37761],{"class":118},[52,38067,122],{"class":66},[52,38069,37766],{"class":2187},[52,38071,37770],{"class":37769},[52,38073,152],{"class":66},[52,38075,4000],{"class":92},[52,38077,5216],{"class":62},[52,38079,7908],{"class":70},[52,38081,74],{"class":66},[52,38083,479],{"class":92},[52,38085,127],{"class":66},[52,38087,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,38089,119],{"class":118},[52,38091,122],{"class":66},[52,38093,8213],{"class":3020},[52,38095,122],{"class":66},[52,38097,507],{"class":92},[52,38099,2150],{"class":66},[20,38101,2193],{},[43,38103,38105],{"className":45,"code":38104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38106,38107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38108,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38110,4020],{"class":66},[52,38112,15867],{"class":70},[52,38114,74],{"class":66},[52,38116,9427],{"class":70},[52,38118,3756],{"class":66},[20,38120,38121,38122,89],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[30,38123,5254],{"href":5705},[38,38125,38127],{"id":38126},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38129,38130,38131,22084,38133,89],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38132,37682],{},[984,38134,38135],{},"filter object",[20,38137,38138],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[154,38140,38141,38144,38149],{},[157,38142,38143],{},"loop through it",[157,38145,38146,38147],{},"convert it with ",[15,38148,24891],{},[157,38150,38146,38151],{},[15,38152,38153],{},"tuple()",[20,38155,347],{},[43,38157,38159],{"className":45,"code":38158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38160,38161,38203,38207,38217,38231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38162,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38164,474],{"class":58},[52,38166,63],{"class":62},[52,38168,37761],{"class":118},[52,38170,122],{"class":66},[52,38172,37766],{"class":2187},[52,38174,37770],{"class":37769},[52,38176,152],{"class":66},[52,38178,4000],{"class":92},[52,38180,4370],{"class":62},[52,38182,77],{"class":70},[52,38184,74],{"class":66},[52,38186,3743],{"class":66},[52,38188,71],{"class":70},[52,38190,74],{"class":66},[52,38192,77],{"class":70},[52,38194,74],{"class":66},[52,38196,104],{"class":70},[52,38198,74],{"class":66},[52,38200,109],{"class":70},[52,38202,112],{"class":66},[52,38204,38205],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38206,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,38208,38209,38211,38213,38215],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38210,119],{"class":118},[52,38212,122],{"class":66},[52,38214,507],{"class":92},[52,38216,127],{"class":66},[52,38218,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,38220,119],{"class":118},[52,38222,122],{"class":66},[52,38224,3340],{"class":3020},[52,38226,122],{"class":66},[52,38228,507],{"class":92},[52,38230,2150],{"class":66},[52,38232,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,38234,119],{"class":118},[52,38236,122],{"class":66},[52,38238,8213],{"class":3020},[52,38240,122],{"class":66},[52,38242,507],{"class":92},[52,38244,2150],{"class":66},[20,38246,2193],{},[43,38248,38250],{"className":45,"code":38249,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38251,38252,38266,38280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38253,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38255,3409],{"class":62},[52,38257,37708],{"class":118},[52,38259,24727],{"class":3020},[52,38261,37470],{"class":58},[52,38263,37477],{"class":34560},[52,38265,3423],{"class":62},[52,38267,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38269,3409],{"class":62},[52,38271,3412],{"class":2187},[52,38273,3415],{"class":188},[52,38275,37708],{"class":192},[52,38277,3420],{"class":188},[52,38279,3423],{"class":62},[52,38281,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38283,4020],{"class":66},[52,38285,488],{"class":70},[52,38287,74],{"class":66},[52,38289,109],{"class":70},[52,38291,3756],{"class":66},[20,38293,38294],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1324,38296,38298],{"id":38297},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38300,38301],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[43,38303,38305],{"className":45,"code":38304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38306,38307,38349,38353,38367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38308,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38310,474],{"class":58},[52,38312,63],{"class":62},[52,38314,37761],{"class":118},[52,38316,122],{"class":66},[52,38318,37766],{"class":2187},[52,38320,37770],{"class":37769},[52,38322,152],{"class":66},[52,38324,4000],{"class":92},[52,38326,4370],{"class":62},[52,38328,77],{"class":70},[52,38330,74],{"class":66},[52,38332,3743],{"class":66},[52,38334,71],{"class":70},[52,38336,74],{"class":66},[52,38338,77],{"class":70},[52,38340,74],{"class":66},[52,38342,104],{"class":70},[52,38344,74],{"class":66},[52,38346,109],{"class":70},[52,38348,112],{"class":66},[52,38350,38351],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38352,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,38354,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38356,119],{"class":118},[52,38358,122],{"class":66},[52,38360,8213],{"class":3020},[52,38362,122],{"class":66},[52,38364,507],{"class":92},[52,38366,2150],{"class":66},[52,38368,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,38370,119],{"class":118},[52,38372,122],{"class":66},[52,38374,8213],{"class":3020},[52,38376,122],{"class":66},[52,38378,507],{"class":92},[52,38380,2150],{"class":66},[20,38382,2193],{},[43,38384,38386],{"className":45,"code":38385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38387,38388,38400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38389,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38391,4020],{"class":66},[52,38393,488],{"class":70},[52,38395,74],{"class":66},[52,38397,109],{"class":70},[52,38399,3756],{"class":66},[52,38401,38402],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38403,38404],{"class":66},"[]\n",[20,38406,38407],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[38,38409,8538,38411,8826,38413],{"id":38410},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38412,37682],{},[15,38414,37766],{},[20,38416,15303,38417,38419],{},[15,38418,37766],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38421,38422],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[43,38424,38426],{"className":45,"code":38425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38427,38428,38469,38473,38511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38429,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38465,38467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38431,1025],{"class":58},[52,38433,63],{"class":62},[52,38435,3743],{"class":66},[52,38437,189],{"class":188},[52,38439,1125],{"class":192},[52,38441,189],{"class":188},[52,38443,74],{"class":66},[52,38445,200],{"class":188},[52,38447,1278],{"class":192},[52,38449,189],{"class":188},[52,38451,74],{"class":66},[52,38453,200],{"class":188},[52,38455,1145],{"class":192},[52,38457,189],{"class":188},[52,38459,74],{"class":66},[52,38461,200],{"class":188},[52,38463,38464],{"class":192},"fig",[52,38466,189],{"class":188},[52,38468,3756],{"class":66},[52,38470,38471],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38472,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,38474,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38488,38490,38493,38495,38498,38500,38503,38505,38507,38509],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38476,474],{"class":58},[52,38478,63],{"class":62},[52,38480,37761],{"class":118},[52,38482,122],{"class":66},[52,38484,37766],{"class":2187},[52,38486,38487],{"class":37769}," word",[52,38489,152],{"class":66},[52,38491,38492],{"class":118}," len",[52,38494,122],{"class":66},[52,38496,38497],{"class":92},"word",[52,38499,3782],{"class":66},[52,38501,38502],{"class":62}," >",[52,38504,109],{"class":70},[52,38506,74],{"class":66},[52,38508,6288],{"class":92},[52,38510,127],{"class":66},[52,38512,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,38514,119],{"class":118},[52,38516,122],{"class":66},[52,38518,8213],{"class":3020},[52,38520,122],{"class":66},[52,38522,507],{"class":92},[52,38524,2150],{"class":66},[20,38526,2193],{},[43,38528,38530],{"className":45,"code":38529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38531,38532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38533,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38535,4020],{"class":66},[52,38537,3420],{"class":188},[52,38539,1125],{"class":192},[52,38541,3420],{"class":188},[52,38543,74],{"class":66},[52,38545,3415],{"class":188},[52,38547,1145],{"class":192},[52,38549,3420],{"class":188},[52,38551,3756],{"class":66},[20,38553,38554],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38556,38557,38558,89],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[30,38559,38561],{"href":38560},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[38,38563,8538,38565,38567],{"id":38564},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38566,37682],{}," with a named function",[20,38569,38570,38571,89],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38572,37766],{},[20,38574,38575],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[154,38577,38578,38581,38584],{},[157,38579,38580],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[157,38582,38583],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[157,38585,38586],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[43,38588,38590],{"className":45,"code":38589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38591,38592,38605,38620,38624,38656,38675,38679],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38593,38594,38596,38599,38601,38603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38595,34959],{"class":2187},[52,38597,38598],{"class":34962}," is_even",[52,38600,122],{"class":66},[52,38602,2361],{"class":37769},[52,38604,8462],{"class":66},[52,38606,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38608,34970],{"class":3996},[52,38610,6507],{"class":58},[52,38612,6524],{"class":62},[52,38614,77],{"class":70},[52,38616,6529],{"class":62},[52,38618,38619],{"class":70}," 0\n",[52,38621,38622],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38623,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,38625,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,38627,59],{"class":58},[52,38629,63],{"class":62},[52,38631,3743],{"class":66},[52,38633,71],{"class":70},[52,38635,74],{"class":66},[52,38637,77],{"class":70},[52,38639,74],{"class":66},[52,38641,104],{"class":70},[52,38643,74],{"class":66},[52,38645,109],{"class":70},[52,38647,74],{"class":66},[52,38649,396],{"class":70},[52,38651,74],{"class":66},[52,38653,37750],{"class":70},[52,38655,3756],{"class":66},[52,38657,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38669,38671,38673],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,38659,474],{"class":58},[52,38661,63],{"class":62},[52,38663,37761],{"class":118},[52,38665,122],{"class":66},[52,38667,38668],{"class":92},"is_even",[52,38670,74],{"class":66},[52,38672,479],{"class":92},[52,38674,127],{"class":66},[52,38676,38677],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,38678,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,38680,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,38682,119],{"class":118},[52,38684,122],{"class":66},[52,38686,8213],{"class":3020},[52,38688,122],{"class":66},[52,38690,507],{"class":92},[52,38692,2150],{"class":66},[20,38694,2193],{},[43,38696,38698],{"className":45,"code":38697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38699,38700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38701,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38703,4020],{"class":66},[52,38705,99],{"class":70},[52,38707,74],{"class":66},[52,38709,109],{"class":70},[52,38711,74],{"class":66},[52,38713,37750],{"class":70},[52,38715,3756],{"class":66},[20,38717,20882,38718,442,38721,38723],{},[15,38719,38720],{},"is_even()",[15,38722,3726],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[38,38725,8538,38727,8826,38729],{"id":38726},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38728,445],{},[15,38730,37682],{},[20,38732,38733,38734,38736],{},"You can pass ",[15,38735,445],{}," as the first argument:",[43,38738,38740],{"className":45,"code":38739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38741,38742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38743,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38745,37708],{"class":118},[52,38747,122],{"class":66},[52,38749,445],{"class":3971},[52,38751,74],{"class":66},[52,38753,37972],{"class":92},[52,38755,127],{"class":66},[20,38757,38758,38759,7457],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[984,38760,5715],{},[20,38762,38763],{},"Falsy values include:",[154,38765,38766,38770,38775,38779],{},[157,38767,38768],{},[15,38769,2243],{},[157,38771,38772,38774],{},[15,38773,3893],{}," (empty string)",[157,38776,38777],{},[15,38778,445],{},[157,38780,38781],{},[15,38782,3795],{},[20,38784,347],{},[43,38786,38788],{"className":45,"code":38787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38789,38790,38834,38838,38856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38791,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38793,7897],{"class":58},[52,38795,63],{"class":62},[52,38797,3743],{"class":66},[52,38799,2243],{"class":70},[52,38801,74],{"class":66},[52,38803,5616],{"class":70},[52,38805,74],{"class":66},[52,38807,6246],{"class":188},[52,38809,74],{"class":66},[52,38811,200],{"class":188},[52,38813,3964],{"class":192},[52,38815,189],{"class":188},[52,38817,74],{"class":66},[52,38819,3972],{"class":3971},[52,38821,74],{"class":66},[52,38823,4036],{"class":3971},[52,38825,74],{"class":66},[52,38827,4027],{"class":3971},[52,38829,74],{"class":66},[52,38831,396],{"class":70},[52,38833,3756],{"class":66},[52,38835,38836],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38837,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,38839,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38841,474],{"class":58},[52,38843,63],{"class":62},[52,38845,37761],{"class":118},[52,38847,122],{"class":66},[52,38849,445],{"class":3971},[52,38851,74],{"class":66},[52,38853,6085],{"class":92},[52,38855,127],{"class":66},[52,38857,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,38859,119],{"class":118},[52,38861,122],{"class":66},[52,38863,8213],{"class":3020},[52,38865,122],{"class":66},[52,38867,507],{"class":92},[52,38869,2150],{"class":66},[20,38871,2193],{},[43,38873,38875],{"className":45,"code":38874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38876,38877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38878,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38880,4020],{"class":66},[52,38882,71],{"class":70},[52,38884,74],{"class":66},[52,38886,3415],{"class":188},[52,38888,3964],{"class":192},[52,38890,3420],{"class":188},[52,38892,74],{"class":66},[52,38894,4036],{"class":3971},[52,38896,74],{"class":66},[52,38898,396],{"class":70},[52,38900,3756],{"class":66},[20,38902,38903],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[38,38905,5078,38907],{"id":38906},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38908,37682],{},[20,38910,137,38911,38913],{},[15,38912,37682],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38915,38916],{},"It works well for:",[154,38918,38919,38922,38925],{},[157,38920,38921],{},"simple filtering rules",[157,38923,38924],{},"quick data cleaning",[157,38926,38927],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38929,347],{},[43,38931,38933],{"className":45,"code":38932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38934,38935,38967,39000,39004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38936,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38938,59],{"class":58},[52,38940,63],{"class":62},[52,38942,3743],{"class":66},[52,38944,71],{"class":70},[52,38946,74],{"class":66},[52,38948,77],{"class":70},[52,38950,74],{"class":66},[52,38952,104],{"class":70},[52,38954,74],{"class":66},[52,38956,109],{"class":70},[52,38958,74],{"class":66},[52,38960,396],{"class":70},[52,38962,74],{"class":66},[52,38964,37750],{"class":70},[52,38966,3756],{"class":66},[52,38968,38969,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,38970,38971],{"class":58},"evens ",[52,38973,63],{"class":62},[52,38975,37761],{"class":118},[52,38977,122],{"class":66},[52,38979,37766],{"class":2187},[52,38981,37770],{"class":37769},[52,38983,152],{"class":66},[52,38985,4000],{"class":92},[52,38987,6524],{"class":62},[52,38989,77],{"class":70},[52,38991,6529],{"class":62},[52,38993,3952],{"class":70},[52,38995,74],{"class":66},[52,38997,479],{"class":92},[52,38999,127],{"class":66},[52,39001,39002],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39003,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,39005,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39017],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,39007,119],{"class":118},[52,39009,122],{"class":66},[52,39011,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39013,122],{"class":66},[52,39015,39016],{"class":92},"evens",[52,39018,2150],{"class":66},[20,39020,2193],{},[43,39022,39023],{"className":45,"code":38697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39024,39025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39026,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39028,4020],{"class":66},[52,39030,99],{"class":70},[52,39032,74],{"class":66},[52,39034,109],{"class":70},[52,39036,74],{"class":66},[52,39038,37750],{"class":70},[52,39040,3756],{"class":66},[20,39042,39043,39044,39046],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39045,6077],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[43,39048,39050],{"className":45,"code":39049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39051,39052,39084,39092,39096,39108,39124,39139,39143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39053,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39055,59],{"class":58},[52,39057,63],{"class":62},[52,39059,3743],{"class":66},[52,39061,71],{"class":70},[52,39063,74],{"class":66},[52,39065,77],{"class":70},[52,39067,74],{"class":66},[52,39069,104],{"class":70},[52,39071,74],{"class":66},[52,39073,109],{"class":70},[52,39075,74],{"class":66},[52,39077,396],{"class":70},[52,39079,74],{"class":66},[52,39081,37750],{"class":70},[52,39083,3756],{"class":66},[52,39085,39086,39088,39090],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39087,38971],{"class":58},[52,39089,63],{"class":62},[52,39091,7957],{"class":66},[52,39093,39094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39095,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,39097,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,39099,6077],{"class":3996},[52,39101,6507],{"class":58},[52,39103,4003],{"class":3996},[52,39105,479],{"class":58},[52,39107,6514],{"class":66},[52,39109,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,39111,6519],{"class":3996},[52,39113,6507],{"class":58},[52,39115,6524],{"class":62},[52,39117,77],{"class":70},[52,39119,6529],{"class":62},[52,39121,3952],{"class":70},[52,39123,6514],{"class":66},[52,39125,39126,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,39127,39128],{"class":58},"        evens",[52,39130,89],{"class":66},[52,39132,13668],{"class":92},[52,39134,122],{"class":66},[52,39136,2361],{"class":92},[52,39138,127],{"class":66},[52,39140,39141],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,39142,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,39146,119],{"class":118},[52,39148,122],{"class":66},[52,39150,39016],{"class":92},[52,39152,127],{"class":66},[20,39154,2193],{},[43,39156,39157],{"className":45,"code":38697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39158,39159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39160,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39162,4020],{"class":66},[52,39164,99],{"class":70},[52,39166,74],{"class":66},[52,39168,109],{"class":70},[52,39170,74],{"class":66},[52,39172,37750],{"class":70},[52,39174,3756],{"class":66},[20,39176,39177],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[43,39179,39181],{"className":45,"code":39180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39182,39183,39215,39248,39252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39184,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39186,59],{"class":58},[52,39188,63],{"class":62},[52,39190,3743],{"class":66},[52,39192,71],{"class":70},[52,39194,74],{"class":66},[52,39196,77],{"class":70},[52,39198,74],{"class":66},[52,39200,104],{"class":70},[52,39202,74],{"class":66},[52,39204,109],{"class":70},[52,39206,74],{"class":66},[52,39208,396],{"class":70},[52,39210,74],{"class":66},[52,39212,37750],{"class":70},[52,39214,3756],{"class":66},[52,39216,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39218,38971],{"class":58},[52,39220,63],{"class":62},[52,39222,3743],{"class":66},[52,39224,2339],{"class":58},[52,39226,6077],{"class":3996},[52,39228,6507],{"class":58},[52,39230,4003],{"class":3996},[52,39232,39233],{"class":58}," numbers ",[52,39235,7115],{"class":3996},[52,39237,6507],{"class":58},[52,39239,6524],{"class":62},[52,39241,77],{"class":70},[52,39243,6529],{"class":62},[52,39245,3952],{"class":70},[52,39247,3756],{"class":66},[52,39249,39250],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39251,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,39253,39254,39256,39258,39260],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,39255,119],{"class":118},[52,39257,122],{"class":66},[52,39259,39016],{"class":92},[52,39261,127],{"class":66},[20,39263,2193],{},[43,39265,39266],{"className":45,"code":38697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39267,39268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39269,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39271,4020],{"class":66},[52,39273,99],{"class":70},[52,39275,74],{"class":66},[52,39277,109],{"class":70},[52,39279,74],{"class":66},[52,39281,37750],{"class":70},[52,39283,3756],{"class":66},[20,39285,39286,39287,89],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[30,39288,39290],{"href":39289},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[38,39292,2948],{"id":2947},[20,39294,14848,39295,89],{},[15,39296,37682],{},[1324,39298,8574,39300,39302],{"id":39299},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39301,37682],{}," to return a list",[20,39304,39305],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[43,39307,39309],{"className":45,"code":39308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39310,39311,39353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39312,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39314,474],{"class":58},[52,39316,63],{"class":62},[52,39318,37761],{"class":118},[52,39320,122],{"class":66},[52,39322,37766],{"class":2187},[52,39324,37770],{"class":37769},[52,39326,152],{"class":66},[52,39328,4000],{"class":92},[52,39330,4370],{"class":62},[52,39332,77],{"class":70},[52,39334,74],{"class":66},[52,39336,3743],{"class":66},[52,39338,71],{"class":70},[52,39340,74],{"class":66},[52,39342,77],{"class":70},[52,39344,74],{"class":66},[52,39346,104],{"class":70},[52,39348,74],{"class":66},[52,39350,109],{"class":70},[52,39352,112],{"class":66},[52,39354,39355,39357,39359,39361],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39356,119],{"class":118},[52,39358,122],{"class":66},[52,39360,507],{"class":92},[52,39362,127],{"class":66},[20,39364,39365],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39367,39368],{},"Fix:",[43,39370,39372],{"className":45,"code":39371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39373,39374,39416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39375,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39377,474],{"class":58},[52,39379,63],{"class":62},[52,39381,37761],{"class":118},[52,39383,122],{"class":66},[52,39385,37766],{"class":2187},[52,39387,37770],{"class":37769},[52,39389,152],{"class":66},[52,39391,4000],{"class":92},[52,39393,4370],{"class":62},[52,39395,77],{"class":70},[52,39397,74],{"class":66},[52,39399,3743],{"class":66},[52,39401,71],{"class":70},[52,39403,74],{"class":66},[52,39405,77],{"class":70},[52,39407,74],{"class":66},[52,39409,104],{"class":70},[52,39411,74],{"class":66},[52,39413,109],{"class":70},[52,39415,112],{"class":66},[52,39417,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39419,119],{"class":118},[52,39421,122],{"class":66},[52,39423,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39425,122],{"class":66},[52,39427,507],{"class":92},[52,39429,2150],{"class":66},[1324,39431,39433,39434,2996,39436,39438],{"id":39432},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39435,3726],{},[15,39437,3795],{}," clearly",[20,39440,39441],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39443,39444],{},"Good example:",[43,39446,39448],{"className":45,"code":39447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39449,39450,39463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39451,39452,39454,39457,39459,39461],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39453,34959],{"class":2187},[52,39455,39456],{"class":34962}," is_positive",[52,39458,122],{"class":66},[52,39460,2361],{"class":37769},[52,39462,8462],{"class":66},[52,39464,39465,39467,39469,39471],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39466,34970],{"class":3996},[52,39468,6507],{"class":58},[52,39470,4370],{"class":62},[52,39472,38619],{"class":70},[20,39474,39475],{},"Then use it with:",[43,39477,39479],{"className":45,"code":39478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39480,39481,39513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39482,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39484,59],{"class":58},[52,39486,63],{"class":62},[52,39488,3743],{"class":66},[52,39490,2144],{"class":62},[52,39492,99],{"class":70},[52,39494,74],{"class":66},[52,39496,2344],{"class":62},[52,39498,71],{"class":70},[52,39500,74],{"class":66},[52,39502,3952],{"class":70},[52,39504,74],{"class":66},[52,39506,5616],{"class":70},[52,39508,74],{"class":66},[52,39510,77],{"class":70},[52,39512,3756],{"class":66},[52,39514,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39530,39532,39534],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39516,119],{"class":118},[52,39518,122],{"class":66},[52,39520,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39522,122],{"class":66},[52,39524,37708],{"class":118},[52,39526,122],{"class":66},[52,39528,39529],{"class":92},"is_positive",[52,39531,74],{"class":66},[52,39533,479],{"class":92},[52,39535,3031],{"class":66},[20,39537,2193],{},[43,39539,39541],{"className":45,"code":39540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39542,39543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39544,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39546,4020],{"class":66},[52,39548,71],{"class":70},[52,39550,74],{"class":66},[52,39552,77],{"class":70},[52,39554,3756],{"class":66},[1324,39556,39558],{"id":39557},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39560,39561],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[43,39563,39564],{"className":45,"code":38304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39565,39566,39608,39612,39626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39567,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39569,474],{"class":58},[52,39571,63],{"class":62},[52,39573,37761],{"class":118},[52,39575,122],{"class":66},[52,39577,37766],{"class":2187},[52,39579,37770],{"class":37769},[52,39581,152],{"class":66},[52,39583,4000],{"class":92},[52,39585,4370],{"class":62},[52,39587,77],{"class":70},[52,39589,74],{"class":66},[52,39591,3743],{"class":66},[52,39593,71],{"class":70},[52,39595,74],{"class":66},[52,39597,77],{"class":70},[52,39599,74],{"class":66},[52,39601,104],{"class":70},[52,39603,74],{"class":66},[52,39605,109],{"class":70},[52,39607,112],{"class":66},[52,39609,39610],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39611,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,39613,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39615,119],{"class":118},[52,39617,122],{"class":66},[52,39619,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39621,122],{"class":66},[52,39623,507],{"class":92},[52,39625,2150],{"class":66},[52,39627,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,39629,119],{"class":118},[52,39631,122],{"class":66},[52,39633,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39635,122],{"class":66},[52,39637,507],{"class":92},[52,39639,2150],{"class":66},[20,39641,2193],{},[43,39643,39644],{"className":45,"code":38385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39645,39646,39658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39647,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39649,4020],{"class":66},[52,39651,488],{"class":70},[52,39653,74],{"class":66},[52,39655,109],{"class":70},[52,39657,3756],{"class":66},[52,39659,39660],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39661,38404],{"class":66},[20,39663,39664],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[43,39666,39668],{"className":45,"code":39667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39669,39670,39716,39720,39730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39671,39672,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39673,474],{"class":58},[52,39675,63],{"class":62},[52,39677,22669],{"class":3020},[52,39679,122],{"class":66},[52,39681,37708],{"class":118},[52,39683,122],{"class":66},[52,39685,37766],{"class":2187},[52,39687,37770],{"class":37769},[52,39689,152],{"class":66},[52,39691,4000],{"class":92},[52,39693,4370],{"class":62},[52,39695,77],{"class":70},[52,39697,74],{"class":66},[52,39699,3743],{"class":66},[52,39701,71],{"class":70},[52,39703,74],{"class":66},[52,39705,77],{"class":70},[52,39707,74],{"class":66},[52,39709,104],{"class":70},[52,39711,74],{"class":66},[52,39713,109],{"class":70},[52,39715,3117],{"class":66},[52,39717,39718],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39719,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,39721,39722,39724,39726,39728],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39723,119],{"class":118},[52,39725,122],{"class":66},[52,39727,507],{"class":92},[52,39729,127],{"class":66},[52,39731,39732,39734,39736,39738],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,39733,119],{"class":118},[52,39735,122],{"class":66},[52,39737,507],{"class":92},[52,39739,127],{"class":66},[1324,39741,39743],{"id":39742},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39745,39746],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39748,16757],{},[43,39750,39752],{"className":45,"code":39751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39753,39754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39755,39756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39757,39751],{"class":133},[20,39759,39760,39761,6670],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39762,2452],{},[20,39764,16769],{},[43,39766,39768],{"className":45,"code":39767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39769,39770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39771,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39773,119],{"class":118},[52,39775,122],{"class":66},[52,39777,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39779,122],{"class":66},[52,39781,37708],{"class":118},[52,39783,122],{"class":66},[52,39785,37766],{"class":2187},[52,39787,37770],{"class":37769},[52,39789,152],{"class":66},[52,39791,4000],{"class":92},[52,39793,4370],{"class":62},[52,39795,77],{"class":70},[52,39797,74],{"class":66},[52,39799,3743],{"class":66},[52,39801,71],{"class":70},[52,39803,74],{"class":66},[52,39805,77],{"class":70},[52,39807,74],{"class":66},[52,39809,104],{"class":70},[52,39811,74],{"class":66},[52,39813,109],{"class":70},[52,39815,37371],{"class":66},[1324,39817,37310,39819,8826,39821],{"id":39818},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39820,37682],{},[15,39822,39823],{},"map()",[154,39825,39826,39831],{},[157,39827,39828,39830],{},[15,39829,37682],{}," keeps or removes items",[157,39832,39833,39835],{},[15,39834,39823],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39837,39838,39839,152],{},"Example of ",[15,39840,37682],{},[43,39842,39844],{"className":45,"code":39843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39845,39846,39870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39847,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39849,59],{"class":58},[52,39851,63],{"class":62},[52,39853,3743],{"class":66},[52,39855,71],{"class":70},[52,39857,74],{"class":66},[52,39859,77],{"class":70},[52,39861,74],{"class":66},[52,39863,104],{"class":70},[52,39865,74],{"class":66},[52,39867,109],{"class":70},[52,39869,3756],{"class":66},[52,39871,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39873,119],{"class":118},[52,39875,122],{"class":66},[52,39877,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39879,122],{"class":66},[52,39881,37708],{"class":118},[52,39883,122],{"class":66},[52,39885,37766],{"class":2187},[52,39887,37770],{"class":37769},[52,39889,152],{"class":66},[52,39891,4000],{"class":92},[52,39893,4370],{"class":62},[52,39895,77],{"class":70},[52,39897,74],{"class":66},[52,39899,479],{"class":92},[52,39901,3031],{"class":66},[20,39903,2193],{},[43,39905,39907],{"className":45,"code":39906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39908,39909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39910,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39912,4020],{"class":66},[52,39914,488],{"class":70},[52,39916,74],{"class":66},[52,39918,109],{"class":70},[52,39920,3756],{"class":66},[20,39922,39838,39923,152],{},[15,39924,39823],{},[43,39926,39928],{"className":45,"code":39927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39929,39930,39954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39931,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39933,59],{"class":58},[52,39935,63],{"class":62},[52,39937,3743],{"class":66},[52,39939,71],{"class":70},[52,39941,74],{"class":66},[52,39943,77],{"class":70},[52,39945,74],{"class":66},[52,39947,104],{"class":70},[52,39949,74],{"class":66},[52,39951,109],{"class":70},[52,39953,3756],{"class":66},[52,39955,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39980,39982,39984,39986],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,39957,119],{"class":118},[52,39959,122],{"class":66},[52,39961,8213],{"class":3020},[52,39963,122],{"class":66},[52,39965,39966],{"class":118},"map",[52,39968,122],{"class":66},[52,39970,37766],{"class":2187},[52,39972,37770],{"class":37769},[52,39974,152],{"class":66},[52,39976,4000],{"class":92},[52,39978,39979],{"class":62},"*",[52,39981,77],{"class":70},[52,39983,74],{"class":66},[52,39985,479],{"class":92},[52,39987,3031],{"class":66},[20,39989,2193],{},[43,39991,39993],{"className":45,"code":39992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39994,39995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39996,39997,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39998,4020],{"class":66},[52,40000,99],{"class":70},[52,40002,74],{"class":66},[52,40004,109],{"class":70},[52,40006,74],{"class":66},[52,40008,37750],{"class":70},[52,40010,74],{"class":66},[52,40012,6480],{"class":70},[52,40014,3756],{"class":66},[20,40016,40017,40018,89],{},"For the related function, see ",[30,40019,3697,40021,3630],{"href":40020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40022,39823],{},[38,40024,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,40026,1937,40028,40030],{"id":40027},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40029,37682],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40032,40033,40034,40036],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40035,24891],{}," if needed.",[1324,40038,40040,40041,40043],{"id":40039},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40042,37682],{}," need to return?",[20,40045,37989,40046,40048,40049,40051],{},[15,40047,3726],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40050,3795],{}," to remove it.",[1324,40053,1949,40055,40057],{"id":40054},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40056,37682],{}," without lambda?",[20,40059,40060],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1324,40062,5260,40064,40067],{"id":40063},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40065,40066],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40069,40070,40071,40073,40074,17186,40076,89],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40072,2243],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40075,445],{},[15,40077,3795],{},[1324,40079,21531,40081,40083],{"id":40080},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40082,37682],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40085,40086,40087,40089],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40088,6077],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40091,40092],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[154,40094,40095,40101,40107],{},[157,40096,40097,40098,40100],{},"use ",[15,40099,37682],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[157,40102,40103,40104,40106],{},"use a ",[15,40105,6077],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[157,40108,40109],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40111,40112,40113,89],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[30,40114,5250],{"href":40115},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[38,40117,1996],{"id":1995},[154,40119,40120,40125,40129,40134,40140],{},[157,40121,40122],{},[30,40123,40124],{"href":38560},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[157,40126,40127],{},[30,40128,5339],{"href":40115},[157,40130,40131],{},[30,40132,40133],{"href":39289},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[157,40135,40136],{},[30,40137,3697,40138,3630],{"href":40020},[15,40139,39823],{},[157,40141,40142],{},[30,40143,5334],{"href":5705},[2044,40145,40146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":40148},[40149,40150,40152,40156,40159,40161,40163,40165,40167,40177,40189],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":37816,"depth":83,"text":40151},"What filter() does",{"id":37950,"depth":83,"text":37951,"children":40153},[40154,40155],{"id":37967,"depth":115,"text":37967},{"id":290,"depth":115,"text":290},{"id":38126,"depth":83,"text":38127,"children":40157},[40158],{"id":38297,"depth":115,"text":38298},{"id":38410,"depth":83,"text":40160},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38564,"depth":83,"text":40162},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38726,"depth":83,"text":40164},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38906,"depth":83,"text":40166},"When to use filter()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":40168},[40169,40171,40173,40174,40175],{"id":39299,"depth":115,"text":40170},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39432,"depth":115,"text":40172},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39557,"depth":115,"text":39558},{"id":39742,"depth":115,"text":39743},{"id":39818,"depth":115,"text":40176},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":40178},[40179,40181,40183,40185,40187],{"id":40027,"depth":115,"text":40180},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40039,"depth":115,"text":40182},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40054,"depth":115,"text":40184},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40063,"depth":115,"text":40186},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40080,"depth":115,"text":40188},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37674,"description":40190},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40197,"title":40198,"body":40199,"description":42352,"extension":2083,"meta":42353,"navigation":240,"path":42354,"seo":42355,"stem":42356,"__hash__":42357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40200,"toc":42306},[40201,40204,40209,40215,40217,40269,40271,40290,40295,40299,40304,40307,40322,40325,40347,40349,40398,40400,40424,40426,40428,40443,40448,40456,40471,40473,40482,40485,40520,40524,40529,40533,40540,40575,40577,40593,40597,40600,40641,40643,40657,40661,40664,40688,40690,40699,40703,40706,40739,40741,40754,40758,40764,40783,40785,40793,40797,40802,40806,40812,40835,40837,40866,40869,40888,40892,40895,40922,40924,40958,40962,40965,40989,40993,41004,41006,41011,41017,41019,41103,41105,41147,41150,41154,41161,41170,41226,41233,41242,41247,41251,41322,41324,41333,41337,41340,41384,41386,41395,41399,41405,41455,41459,41464,41468,41492,41494,41503,41507,41531,41533,41544,41548,41572,41574,41583,41586,41603,41609,41613,41619,41622,41627,41630,41651,41653,41685,41688,41693,41695,41706,41708,41752,41756,41763,41815,41817,41826,41830,41833,41926,41929,41953,41957,41960,42052,42057,42061,42068,42073,42097,42099,42108,42113,42136,42138,42146,42153,42176,42184,42186,42199,42209,42211,42215,42222,42226,42235,42239,42246,42250,42254,42258,42271,42273,42303],[10,40202,40198],{"id":40203},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40205,9245,40206,40208],{},[15,40207,3002],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40210,40211,40212,40214],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40213,3002],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[38,40216,2125],{"id":2124},[43,40218,40220],{"className":45,"code":40219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40221,40222,40236,40255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40223,40224,40226,40228,40230,40232,40234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40225,119],{"class":118},[52,40227,122],{"class":66},[52,40229,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40231,122],{"class":66},[52,40233,1705],{"class":70},[52,40235,2150],{"class":66},[52,40237,40238,40240,40242,40244,40246,40248,40251,40253],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40239,119],{"class":118},[52,40241,122],{"class":66},[52,40243,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40245,122],{"class":66},[52,40247,189],{"class":188},[52,40249,40250],{"class":192},"3.14",[52,40252,189],{"class":188},[52,40254,2150],{"class":66},[52,40256,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,40258,119],{"class":118},[52,40260,122],{"class":66},[52,40262,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40264,122],{"class":66},[52,40266,3726],{"class":3971},[52,40268,2150],{"class":66},[20,40270,2193],{},[43,40272,40274],{"className":45,"code":40273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40275,40276,40280,40285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40277,40278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40279,2600],{"class":70},[52,40281,40282],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40283,40284],{"class":70},"3.14\n",[52,40286,40287],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,40288,40289],{"class":70},"1.0\n",[20,40291,137,40292,40294],{},[15,40293,3002],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[38,40296,40298],{"id":40297},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40300,40301,40303],{},[15,40302,3002],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40305,40306],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[154,40308,40309,40313,40317],{},[157,40310,40311],{},[15,40312,2612],{},[157,40314,40315],{},[15,40316,40250],{},[157,40318,40319],{},[15,40320,40321],{},"0.5",[20,40323,40324],{},"A few key points:",[154,40326,40327,40334,40337,40340],{},[157,40328,40329,40331,40332],{},[15,40330,3002],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40333,2314],{},[157,40335,40336],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[157,40338,40339],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[157,40341,40342,40343],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[30,40344,40345],{"href":8339},[15,40346,3077],{},[20,40348,347],{},[43,40350,40352],{"className":45,"code":40351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40353,40354,40374,40384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40355,40356,40358,40360,40363,40365,40367,40370,40372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40357,2339],{"class":58},[52,40359,63],{"class":62},[52,40361,40362],{"class":3020}," float",[52,40364,122],{"class":66},[52,40366,189],{"class":188},[52,40368,40369],{"class":192},"2.75",[52,40371,189],{"class":188},[52,40373,127],{"class":66},[52,40375,40376,40378,40380,40382],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40377,119],{"class":118},[52,40379,122],{"class":66},[52,40381,2361],{"class":92},[52,40383,127],{"class":66},[52,40385,40386,40388,40390,40392,40394,40396],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,40387,119],{"class":118},[52,40389,122],{"class":66},[52,40391,3340],{"class":3020},[52,40393,122],{"class":66},[52,40395,2361],{"class":92},[52,40397,2150],{"class":66},[20,40399,2193],{},[43,40401,40403],{"className":45,"code":40402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40404,40405,40410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40406,40407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40408,40409],{"class":70},"2.75\n",[52,40411,40412,40414,40416,40418,40420,40422],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40413,3409],{"class":62},[52,40415,3412],{"class":2187},[52,40417,3415],{"class":188},[52,40419,2314],{"class":192},[52,40421,3420],{"class":188},[52,40423,3423],{"class":62},[38,40425,268],{"id":267},[20,40427,271],{},[43,40429,40431],{"className":45,"code":40430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"float(value)\n",[15,40432,40433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40434,40435,40437,40439,40441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40436,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40438,122],{"class":66},[52,40440,2593],{"class":92},[52,40442,127],{"class":66},[20,40444,40445,40446,89],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40447,3002],{},[20,40449,40450,40451,40453,40454,152],{},"If you call ",[15,40452,3002],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40455,3888],{},[43,40457,40459],{"className":45,"code":40458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float())\n",[15,40460,40461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40462,40463,40465,40467,40469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40464,119],{"class":118},[52,40466,122],{"class":66},[52,40468,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40470,7312],{"class":66},[20,40472,2193],{},[43,40474,40476],{"className":45,"code":40475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0.0\n",[15,40477,40478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40479,40480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40481,40475],{"class":70},[20,40483,40484],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[43,40486,40488],{"className":45,"code":40487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40489,40490,40510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40491,40492,40495,40497,40499,40501,40503,40506,40508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40493,40494],{"class":58},"price ",[52,40496,63],{"class":62},[52,40498,40362],{"class":3020},[52,40500,122],{"class":66},[52,40502,189],{"class":188},[52,40504,40505],{"class":192},"19.99",[52,40507,189],{"class":188},[52,40509,127],{"class":66},[52,40511,40512,40514,40516,40518],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40513,119],{"class":118},[52,40515,122],{"class":66},[52,40517,25260],{"class":92},[52,40519,127],{"class":66},[38,40521,40523],{"id":40522},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40525,40526,40528],{},[15,40527,3002],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1324,40530,40532],{"id":40531},"integers","Integers",[20,40534,40535,40536,40539],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40537,40538],{},".0"," added:",[43,40541,40543],{"className":45,"code":40542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40544,40545,40559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40546,40547,40549,40551,40553,40555,40557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40548,119],{"class":118},[52,40550,122],{"class":66},[52,40552,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40554,122],{"class":66},[52,40556,1705],{"class":70},[52,40558,2150],{"class":66},[52,40560,40561,40563,40565,40567,40569,40571,40573],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40562,119],{"class":118},[52,40564,122],{"class":66},[52,40566,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40568,122],{"class":66},[52,40570,2144],{"class":62},[52,40572,99],{"class":70},[52,40574,2150],{"class":66},[20,40576,2193],{},[43,40578,40580],{"className":45,"code":40579,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40581,40582,40586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40583,40584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40585,2600],{"class":70},[52,40587,40588,40590],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40589,2144],{"class":62},[52,40591,40592],{"class":70},"2.0\n",[1324,40594,40596],{"id":40595},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40598,40599],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[43,40601,40603],{"className":45,"code":40602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40604,40605,40623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40606,40607,40609,40611,40613,40615,40617,40619,40621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40608,119],{"class":118},[52,40610,122],{"class":66},[52,40612,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40614,122],{"class":66},[52,40616,189],{"class":188},[52,40618,40250],{"class":192},[52,40620,189],{"class":188},[52,40622,2150],{"class":66},[52,40624,40625,40627,40629,40631,40633,40635,40637,40639],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40626,119],{"class":118},[52,40628,122],{"class":66},[52,40630,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40632,122],{"class":66},[52,40634,189],{"class":188},[52,40636,2452],{"class":192},[52,40638,189],{"class":188},[52,40640,2150],{"class":66},[20,40642,2193],{},[43,40644,40646],{"className":45,"code":40645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40647,40648,40652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40649,40650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40651,40284],{"class":70},[52,40653,40654],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40655,40656],{"class":70},"10.0\n",[1324,40658,40660],{"id":40659},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40662,40663],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[43,40665,40667],{"className":45,"code":40666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40668,40669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40670,40671,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681,40684,40686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40672,119],{"class":118},[52,40674,122],{"class":66},[52,40676,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40678,122],{"class":66},[52,40680,189],{"class":188},[52,40682,40683],{"class":192},"  8.5  ",[52,40685,189],{"class":188},[52,40687,2150],{"class":66},[20,40689,2193],{},[43,40691,40693],{"className":45,"code":40692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8.5\n",[15,40694,40695],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40696,40697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40698,40692],{"class":70},[1324,40700,40702],{"id":40701},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40704,40705],{},"Boolean values also work:",[43,40707,40709],{"className":45,"code":40708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40710,40711,40725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40712,40713,40715,40717,40719,40721,40723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40714,119],{"class":118},[52,40716,122],{"class":66},[52,40718,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40720,122],{"class":66},[52,40722,3726],{"class":3971},[52,40724,2150],{"class":66},[52,40726,40727,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40728,119],{"class":118},[52,40730,122],{"class":66},[52,40732,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40734,122],{"class":66},[52,40736,3795],{"class":3971},[52,40738,2150],{"class":66},[20,40740,2193],{},[43,40742,40744],{"className":45,"code":40743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40745,40746,40750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40747,40748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40749,40289],{"class":70},[52,40751,40752],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,40753,40475],{"class":70},[1324,40755,40757],{"id":40756},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40759,40760,40761,40763],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40762,3002],{}," returns a float version of it:",[43,40765,40767],{"className":45,"code":40766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40768,40769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40770,40771,40773,40775,40777,40779,40781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40772,119],{"class":118},[52,40774,122],{"class":66},[52,40776,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40778,122],{"class":66},[52,40780,2484],{"class":70},[52,40782,2150],{"class":66},[20,40784,2193],{},[43,40786,40787],{"className":45,"code":2508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,40788,40789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40790,40791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40792,2508],{"class":70},[38,40794,40796],{"id":40795},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40798,40799,40800,89],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40801,3002],{},[1324,40803,40805],{"id":40804},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40807,40808,40809,152],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40810,40811],{},"ValueError",[43,40813,40815],{"className":45,"code":40814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40816,40817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40818,40819,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831,40833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40820,119],{"class":118},[52,40822,122],{"class":66},[52,40824,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40826,122],{"class":66},[52,40828,189],{"class":188},[52,40830,3964],{"class":192},[52,40832,189],{"class":188},[52,40834,2150],{"class":66},[20,40836,29791],{},[43,40838,40840],{"className":45,"code":40839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40841,40842],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40843,40844,40846,40848,40851,40853,40856,40858,40860,40862,40864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40845,40811],{"class":3020},[52,40847,152],{"class":66},[52,40849,40850],{"class":58}," could ",[52,40852,986],{"class":62},[52,40854,40855],{"class":58}," convert string to ",[52,40857,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40859,152],{"class":66},[52,40861,3415],{"class":188},[52,40863,3964],{"class":192},[52,40865,29810],{"class":188},[20,40867,40868],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[43,40870,40872],{"className":45,"code":40871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40873,40874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40875,40876,40878,40880,40882,40884,40886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40877,119],{"class":118},[52,40879,122],{"class":66},[52,40881,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40883,122],{"class":66},[52,40885,6392],{"class":188},[52,40887,2150],{"class":66},[1324,40889,40891],{"id":40890},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40893,40894],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[43,40896,40898],{"className":45,"code":40897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40899,40900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40901,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40916,40918,40920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40903,119],{"class":118},[52,40905,122],{"class":66},[52,40907,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40909,96],{"class":66},[52,40911,71],{"class":70},[52,40913,74],{"class":66},[52,40915,77],{"class":70},[52,40917,74],{"class":66},[52,40919,104],{"class":70},[52,40921,3117],{"class":66},[20,40923,29791],{},[43,40925,40927],{"className":45,"code":40926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40928,40929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40930,40931,40933,40935,40937,40939,40942,40945,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40932,1713],{"class":3020},[52,40934,152],{"class":66},[52,40936,40362],{"class":3020},[52,40938,7483],{"class":66},[52,40940,40941],{"class":58}," argument must be a string ",[52,40943,40944],{"class":62},"or",[52,40946,40947],{"class":58}," a real number",[52,40949,74],{"class":66},[52,40951,8219],{"class":62},[52,40953,3415],{"class":188},[52,40955,8213],{"class":192},[52,40957,29810],{"class":188},[1324,40959,40961],{"id":40960},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40963,40964],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[43,40966,40968],{"className":45,"code":40967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40969,40970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40971,40972,40974,40976,40978,40980,40982,40985,40987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40973,119],{"class":118},[52,40975,122],{"class":66},[52,40977,2314],{"class":3020},[52,40979,122],{"class":66},[52,40981,189],{"class":188},[52,40983,40984],{"class":192},"3,14",[52,40986,189],{"class":188},[52,40988,2150],{"class":66},[20,40990,3120,40991,89],{},[15,40992,40811],{},[20,40994,40995,40996,668,41000,89],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[30,40997,40999],{"href":40998},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[30,41001,41003],{"href":41002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[38,41005,17533],{"id":17532},[20,41007,41008,41010],{},[15,41009,3002],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41012,41013,41014,41016],{},"It does ",[984,41015,986],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41018,347],{},[43,41020,41022],{"className":45,"code":41021,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41023,41024,41037,41051,41055,41065,41075,41089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41025,41026,41028,41030,41032,41035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41027,34795],{"class":58},[52,41029,63],{"class":62},[52,41031,200],{"class":188},[52,41033,41034],{"class":192},"6.5",[52,41036,3479],{"class":188},[52,41038,41039,41041,41043,41045,41047,41049],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41040,2339],{"class":58},[52,41042,63],{"class":62},[52,41044,40362],{"class":3020},[52,41046,122],{"class":66},[52,41048,34816],{"class":92},[52,41050,127],{"class":66},[52,41052,41053],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41054,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41056,41057,41059,41061,41063],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41058,119],{"class":118},[52,41060,122],{"class":66},[52,41062,34816],{"class":92},[52,41064,127],{"class":66},[52,41066,41067,41069,41071,41073],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,41068,119],{"class":118},[52,41070,122],{"class":66},[52,41072,2361],{"class":92},[52,41074,127],{"class":66},[52,41076,41077,41079,41081,41083,41085,41087],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,41078,119],{"class":118},[52,41080,122],{"class":66},[52,41082,3340],{"class":3020},[52,41084,122],{"class":66},[52,41086,34816],{"class":92},[52,41088,2150],{"class":66},[52,41090,41091,41093,41095,41097,41099,41101],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,41092,119],{"class":118},[52,41094,122],{"class":66},[52,41096,3340],{"class":3020},[52,41098,122],{"class":66},[52,41100,2361],{"class":92},[52,41102,2150],{"class":66},[20,41104,2193],{},[43,41106,41108],{"className":45,"code":41107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41109,41110,41115,41119,41133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41111,41112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41113,41114],{"class":70},"6.5\n",[52,41116,41117],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41118,41114],{"class":70},[52,41120,41121,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41122,3409],{"class":62},[52,41124,3412],{"class":2187},[52,41126,3415],{"class":188},[52,41128,3564],{"class":192},[52,41130,3420],{"class":188},[52,41132,3423],{"class":62},[52,41134,41135,41137,41139,41141,41143,41145],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41136,3409],{"class":62},[52,41138,3412],{"class":2187},[52,41140,3415],{"class":188},[52,41142,2314],{"class":192},[52,41144,3420],{"class":188},[52,41146,3423],{"class":62},[20,41148,41149],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[38,41151,41153],{"id":41152},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1324,41155,41157,41158,41160],{"id":41156},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41159,3077],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41162,2100,41163,41167,41168,89],{},[30,41164,41165,2424],{"href":8339},[15,41166,3077],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41169,3002],{},[43,41171,41173],{"className":45,"code":41172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41174,41175,41194,41208,41212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41176,41177,41179,41181,41183,41185,41187,41190,41192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41178,8357],{"class":58},[52,41180,63],{"class":62},[52,41182,8362],{"class":118},[52,41184,122],{"class":66},[52,41186,189],{"class":188},[52,41188,41189],{"class":192},"Enter a price: ",[52,41191,189],{"class":188},[52,41193,127],{"class":66},[52,41195,41196,41198,41200,41202,41204,41206],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41197,40494],{"class":58},[52,41199,63],{"class":62},[52,41201,40362],{"class":3020},[52,41203,122],{"class":66},[52,41205,8386],{"class":92},[52,41207,127],{"class":66},[52,41209,41210],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41211,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41213,41214,41216,41218,41220,41222,41224],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41215,119],{"class":118},[52,41217,122],{"class":66},[52,41219,40494],{"class":92},[52,41221,39979],{"class":62},[52,41223,77],{"class":70},[52,41225,127],{"class":66},[20,41227,41228,41229,41232],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41230,41231],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[43,41234,41236],{"className":45,"code":41235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"9.0\n",[15,41237,41238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41239,41240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41241,41235],{"class":70},[20,41243,41244,41245,89],{},"For more help with this, see ",[30,41246,9103],{"href":9102},[1324,41248,41250],{"id":41249},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[43,41252,41254],{"className":45,"code":41253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41255,41256,41269,41282,41286,41311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41257,41258,41260,41262,41264,41267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41259,1347],{"class":58},[52,41261,63],{"class":62},[52,41263,200],{"class":188},[52,41265,41266],{"class":192},"2.5",[52,41268,3479],{"class":188},[52,41270,41271,41273,41275,41277,41280],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41272,1364],{"class":58},[52,41274,63],{"class":62},[52,41276,200],{"class":188},[52,41278,41279],{"class":192},"1.5",[52,41281,3479],{"class":188},[52,41283,41284],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41285,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41287,41288,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301,41303,41305,41307,41309],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41289,41290],{"class":58},"total ",[52,41292,63],{"class":62},[52,41294,40362],{"class":3020},[52,41296,122],{"class":66},[52,41298,30],{"class":92},[52,41300,3782],{"class":66},[52,41302,2575],{"class":62},[52,41304,40362],{"class":3020},[52,41306,122],{"class":66},[52,41308,1393],{"class":92},[52,41310,127],{"class":66},[52,41312,41313,41315,41317,41320],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,41314,119],{"class":118},[52,41316,122],{"class":66},[52,41318,41319],{"class":92},"total",[52,41321,127],{"class":66},[20,41323,2193],{},[43,41325,41327],{"className":45,"code":41326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.0\n",[15,41328,41329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41330,41331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41332,41326],{"class":70},[1324,41334,41336],{"id":41335},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41338,41339],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[43,41341,41343],{"className":45,"code":41342,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41344,41345,41355,41370,41374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41346,41347,41350,41352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41348,41349],{"class":58},"count ",[52,41351,63],{"class":62},[52,41353,41354],{"class":70}," 7\n",[52,41356,41357,41359,41361,41363,41365,41368],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41358,474],{"class":58},[52,41360,63],{"class":62},[52,41362,40362],{"class":3020},[52,41364,122],{"class":66},[52,41366,41367],{"class":92},"count",[52,41369,127],{"class":66},[52,41371,41372],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41373,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41375,41376,41378,41380,41382],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41377,119],{"class":118},[52,41379,122],{"class":66},[52,41381,507],{"class":92},[52,41383,127],{"class":66},[20,41385,2193],{},[43,41387,41389],{"className":45,"code":41388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.0\n",[15,41390,41391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41392,41393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41394,41388],{"class":70},[1324,41396,41398],{"id":41397},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41400,41401,41402,41404],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41403,3002],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[43,41406,41408],{"className":45,"code":41407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41409,41410,41424,41440,41444],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41411,41412,41415,41417,41419,41422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41413,41414],{"class":58},"temperature_text ",[52,41416,63],{"class":62},[52,41418,200],{"class":188},[52,41420,41421],{"class":192},"21.8",[52,41423,3479],{"class":188},[52,41425,41426,41429,41431,41433,41435,41438],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41427,41428],{"class":58},"temperature ",[52,41430,63],{"class":62},[52,41432,40362],{"class":3020},[52,41434,122],{"class":66},[52,41436,41437],{"class":92},"temperature_text",[52,41439,127],{"class":66},[52,41441,41442],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41443,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41445,41446,41448,41450,41453],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41447,119],{"class":118},[52,41449,122],{"class":66},[52,41451,41452],{"class":92},"temperature",[52,41454,127],{"class":66},[38,41456,41458],{"id":41457},"special-values","Special values",[20,41460,41461,41463],{},[15,41462,3002],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1324,41465,41467],{"id":41466},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[43,41469,41471],{"className":45,"code":41470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41472,41473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41474,41475,41477,41479,41481,41483,41485,41488,41490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41476,119],{"class":118},[52,41478,122],{"class":66},[52,41480,2314],{"class":3020},[52,41482,122],{"class":66},[52,41484,189],{"class":188},[52,41486,41487],{"class":192},"inf",[52,41489,189],{"class":188},[52,41491,2150],{"class":66},[20,41493,2193],{},[43,41495,41497],{"className":45,"code":41496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"inf\n",[15,41498,41499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41500,41501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41502,41496],{"class":58},[1324,41504,41506],{"id":41505},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[43,41508,41510],{"className":45,"code":41509,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41511,41512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41513,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522,41524,41527,41529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41515,119],{"class":118},[52,41517,122],{"class":66},[52,41519,2314],{"class":3020},[52,41521,122],{"class":66},[52,41523,189],{"class":188},[52,41525,41526],{"class":192},"-inf",[52,41528,189],{"class":188},[52,41530,2150],{"class":66},[20,41532,2193],{},[43,41534,41536],{"className":45,"code":41535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-inf\n",[15,41537,41538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41539,41540,41542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41541,2144],{"class":62},[52,41543,41496],{"class":58},[1324,41545,41547],{"id":41546},"not-a-number","Not a number",[43,41549,41551],{"className":45,"code":41550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41552,41553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41554,41555,41557,41559,41561,41563,41565,41568,41570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41556,119],{"class":118},[52,41558,122],{"class":66},[52,41560,2314],{"class":3020},[52,41562,122],{"class":66},[52,41564,189],{"class":188},[52,41566,41567],{"class":192},"nan",[52,41569,189],{"class":188},[52,41571,2150],{"class":66},[20,41573,2193],{},[43,41575,41577],{"className":45,"code":41576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nan\n",[15,41578,41579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41580,41581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41582,41576],{"class":58},[20,41584,41585],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[154,41587,41588,41593,41598],{},[157,41589,41590,41592],{},[15,41591,41487],{}," means positive infinity",[157,41594,41595,41597],{},[15,41596,41526],{}," means negative infinity",[157,41599,41600,41602],{},[15,41601,41567],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41604,41605,41606,41608],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41607,3002],{}," accepts them.",[38,41610,41612],{"id":41611},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41614,41615,41616,41618],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41617,3002],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1324,41620,40811],{"id":41621},"valueerror",[20,41623,15303,41624,41626],{},[15,41625,40811],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41628,41629],{},"Common causes:",[154,41631,41632,41638,41641,41644],{},[157,41633,41634,41635],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41636,41637],{},"\"abc\"",[157,41639,41640],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[157,41642,41643],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[157,41645,4821,41646],{},[30,41647,41648,41650],{"href":8339},[15,41649,3077],{}," returns a string",[20,41652,347],{},[43,41654,41656],{"className":45,"code":41655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41657,41658,41671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41659,41660,41662,41664,41666,41669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41661,2568],{"class":58},[52,41663,63],{"class":62},[52,41665,200],{"class":188},[52,41667,41668],{"class":192},"abc",[52,41670,3479],{"class":188},[52,41672,41673,41675,41677,41679,41681,41683],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41674,119],{"class":118},[52,41676,122],{"class":66},[52,41678,2314],{"class":3020},[52,41680,122],{"class":66},[52,41682,2593],{"class":92},[52,41684,2150],{"class":66},[1324,41686,1713],{"id":41687},"typeerror",[20,41689,15303,41690,41692],{},[15,41691,1713],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41694,41629],{},[154,41696,41697,41700,41703],{},[157,41698,41699],{},"Passing a list",[157,41701,41702],{},"Passing a dictionary",[157,41704,41705],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41707,347],{},[43,41709,41711],{"className":45,"code":41710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41712,41713,41738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41714,41715,41717,41719,41721,41723,41725,41727,41729,41731,41734,41736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41716,2568],{"class":58},[52,41718,63],{"class":62},[52,41720,67],{"class":66},[52,41722,189],{"class":188},[52,41724,25260],{"class":192},[52,41726,189],{"class":188},[52,41728,152],{"class":66},[52,41730,200],{"class":188},[52,41732,41733],{"class":192},"9.99",[52,41735,189],{"class":188},[52,41737,80],{"class":66},[52,41739,41740,41742,41744,41746,41748,41750],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41741,119],{"class":118},[52,41743,122],{"class":66},[52,41745,2314],{"class":3020},[52,41747,122],{"class":66},[52,41749,2593],{"class":92},[52,41751,2150],{"class":66},[1324,41753,41755],{"id":41754},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41757,41758,41759,41762],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41760,41761],{},"strip()"," can help:",[43,41764,41766],{"className":45,"code":41765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41767,41768,41781,41796,41800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41769,41770,41772,41774,41776,41779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41771,2568],{"class":58},[52,41773,63],{"class":62},[52,41775,200],{"class":188},[52,41777,41778],{"class":192},"  7.25  ",[52,41780,3479],{"class":188},[52,41782,41783,41786,41788,41790,41792,41794],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41784,41785],{"class":58},"clean_value ",[52,41787,63],{"class":62},[52,41789,8554],{"class":58},[52,41791,89],{"class":66},[52,41793,8755],{"class":92},[52,41795,8764],{"class":66},[52,41797,41798],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41799,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41801,41802,41804,41806,41808,41810,41813],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41803,119],{"class":118},[52,41805,122],{"class":66},[52,41807,2314],{"class":3020},[52,41809,122],{"class":66},[52,41811,41812],{"class":92},"clean_value",[52,41814,2150],{"class":66},[20,41816,2193],{},[43,41818,41820],{"className":45,"code":41819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.25\n",[15,41821,41822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41823,41824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41825,41819],{"class":70},[1324,41827,41829],{"id":41828},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41831,41832],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[43,41834,41836],{"className":45,"code":41835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41837,41838,41851,41855,41865,41879,41894,41898,41912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41839,41840,41842,41844,41846,41849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41841,2568],{"class":58},[52,41843,63],{"class":62},[52,41845,200],{"class":188},[52,41847,41848],{"class":192}," 3.5 ",[52,41850,3479],{"class":188},[52,41852,41853],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41854,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41856,41857,41859,41861,41863],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41858,119],{"class":118},[52,41860,122],{"class":66},[52,41862,2593],{"class":92},[52,41864,127],{"class":66},[52,41866,41867,41869,41871,41873,41875,41877],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41868,119],{"class":118},[52,41870,122],{"class":66},[52,41872,3340],{"class":3020},[52,41874,122],{"class":66},[52,41876,2593],{"class":92},[52,41878,2150],{"class":66},[52,41880,41881,41883,41885,41888,41890,41892],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,41882,119],{"class":118},[52,41884,122],{"class":66},[52,41886,41887],{"class":118},"repr",[52,41889,122],{"class":66},[52,41891,2593],{"class":92},[52,41893,2150],{"class":66},[52,41895,41896],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,41897,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41899,41900,41902,41904,41906,41908,41910],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,41901,41785],{"class":58},[52,41903,63],{"class":62},[52,41905,8554],{"class":58},[52,41907,89],{"class":66},[52,41909,8755],{"class":92},[52,41911,8764],{"class":66},[52,41913,41914,41916,41918,41920,41922,41924],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,41915,119],{"class":118},[52,41917,122],{"class":66},[52,41919,2314],{"class":3020},[52,41921,122],{"class":66},[52,41923,41812],{"class":92},[52,41925,2150],{"class":66},[20,41927,41928],{},"Why this helps:",[154,41930,41931,41937,41942,41948],{},[157,41932,41933,41936],{},[15,41934,41935],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[157,41938,41939,21478],{},[15,41940,41941],{},"print(type(value))",[157,41943,41944,41947],{},[15,41945,41946],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[157,41949,41950,41952],{},[15,41951,41761],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1324,41954,41956],{"id":41955},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41958,41959],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[43,41961,41963],{"className":45,"code":41962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41964,41965,41984,41988,41994,42009,42028,42037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41966,41967,41969,41971,41973,41975,41977,41980,41982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41968,2568],{"class":58},[52,41970,63],{"class":62},[52,41972,8362],{"class":118},[52,41974,122],{"class":66},[52,41976,189],{"class":188},[52,41978,41979],{"class":192},"Enter a number: ",[52,41981,189],{"class":188},[52,41983,127],{"class":66},[52,41985,41986],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,41987,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,41989,41990,41992],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41991,29914],{"class":3996},[52,41993,6514],{"class":66},[52,41995,41996,41999,42001,42003,42005,42007],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,41997,41998],{"class":58},"    number ",[52,42000,63],{"class":62},[52,42002,40362],{"class":3020},[52,42004,122],{"class":66},[52,42006,2593],{"class":92},[52,42008,127],{"class":66},[52,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017,42020,42022,42024,42026],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,42012,8188],{"class":118},[52,42014,122],{"class":66},[52,42016,189],{"class":188},[52,42018,42019],{"class":192},"Converted:",[52,42021,189],{"class":188},[52,42023,74],{"class":66},[52,42025,2319],{"class":92},[52,42027,127],{"class":66},[52,42029,42030,42032,42035],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,42031,29945],{"class":3996},[52,42033,42034],{"class":3020}," ValueError",[52,42036,6514],{"class":66},[52,42038,42039,42041,42043,42045,42048,42050],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,42040,8188],{"class":118},[52,42042,122],{"class":66},[52,42044,189],{"class":188},[52,42046,42047],{"class":192},"That is not a valid number.",[52,42049,189],{"class":188},[52,42051,127],{"class":66},[20,42053,42054,42055,89],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[30,42056,41003],{"href":41002},[38,42058,42060],{"id":42059},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42062,10708,42063,668,42065,42067],{},[15,42064,3002],{},[15,42066,2995],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42069,42070,42072],{},[15,42071,3002],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[43,42074,42076],{"className":45,"code":42075,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42077,42078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42079,42080,42082,42084,42086,42088,42090,42093,42095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42081,119],{"class":118},[52,42083,122],{"class":66},[52,42085,2314],{"class":3020},[52,42087,122],{"class":66},[52,42089,189],{"class":188},[52,42091,42092],{"class":192},"3.9",[52,42094,189],{"class":188},[52,42096,2150],{"class":66},[20,42098,2193],{},[43,42100,42102],{"className":45,"code":42101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.9\n",[15,42103,42104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42105,42106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42107,42101],{"class":70},[20,42109,42110,42112],{},[15,42111,2995],{}," creates whole numbers:",[43,42114,42116],{"className":45,"code":42115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42117,42118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42119,42120,42122,42124,42126,42128,42130,42132,42134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42121,119],{"class":118},[52,42123,122],{"class":66},[52,42125,2310],{"class":3020},[52,42127,122],{"class":66},[52,42129,189],{"class":188},[52,42131,2452],{"class":192},[52,42133,189],{"class":188},[52,42135,2150],{"class":66},[20,42137,2193],{},[43,42139,42140],{"className":45,"code":2498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42141,42142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42143,42144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42145,2498],{"class":70},[20,42147,42148,42149,42152],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42150,42151],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[43,42154,42156],{"className":45,"code":42155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42157,42158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42159,42160,42162,42164,42166,42168,42170,42172,42174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42161,119],{"class":118},[52,42163,122],{"class":66},[52,42165,2310],{"class":3020},[52,42167,122],{"class":66},[52,42169,189],{"class":188},[52,42171,42092],{"class":192},[52,42173,189],{"class":188},[52,42175,2150],{"class":66},[20,42177,3120,42178,1714,42180,42183],{},[15,42179,40811],{},[15,42181,42182],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42185,10831],{},[154,42187,42188,42194],{},[157,42189,42190,42193],{},[15,42191,42192],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[157,42195,42196,42198],{},[15,42197,42151],{}," fails",[20,42200,42201,42202,42205,42206,42208],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[30,42203,42204],{"href":2992},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[30,42207,2541],{"href":2540}," helpful.",[38,42210,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,42212,42214],{"id":42213},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42216,42217,42218,2996,42220,89],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42219,2612],{},[15,42221,40250],{},[1324,42223,42225],{"id":42224},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42227,42228,42229,2996,42232,89],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42230,42231],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42233,42234],{},"\"10\"",[1324,42236,42238],{"id":42237},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42240,29171,42241,42243,42244,89],{},[15,42242,41637],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42245,40811],{},[1324,42247,42249],{"id":42248},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42251,5266,42252,89],{},[15,42253,3888],{},[1324,42255,42257],{"id":42256},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42259,42260,42261,42263,42264,668,42267,42263,42269,89],{},"Yes. ",[15,42262,3726],{}," becomes ",[15,42265,42266],{},"1.0",[15,42268,3795],{},[15,42270,3888],{},[38,42272,1996],{"id":1995},[154,42274,42275,42279,42285,42290,42294,42298],{},[157,42276,42277],{},[30,42278,42204],{"href":2992},[157,42280,42281],{},[30,42282,42284],{"href":42283},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[157,42286,42287],{},[30,42288,42289],{"href":40998},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[157,42291,42292],{},[30,42293,9180],{"href":9102},[157,42295,42296],{},[30,42297,41003],{"href":41002},[157,42299,42300],{},[30,42301,42302],{"href":8339},"Python input() Function Explained",[2044,42304,42305],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":42307},[42308,42309,42310,42311,42318,42323,42324,42331,42336,42343,42344,42351],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":40297,"depth":83,"text":40298},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":40522,"depth":83,"text":40523,"children":42312},[42313,42314,42315,42316,42317],{"id":40531,"depth":115,"text":40532},{"id":40595,"depth":115,"text":40596},{"id":40659,"depth":115,"text":40660},{"id":40701,"depth":115,"text":40702},{"id":40756,"depth":115,"text":40757},{"id":40795,"depth":83,"text":40796,"children":42319},[42320,42321,42322],{"id":40804,"depth":115,"text":40805},{"id":40890,"depth":115,"text":40891},{"id":40960,"depth":115,"text":40961},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":41152,"depth":83,"text":41153,"children":42325},[42326,42328,42329,42330],{"id":41156,"depth":115,"text":42327},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41249,"depth":115,"text":41250},{"id":41335,"depth":115,"text":41336},{"id":41397,"depth":115,"text":41398},{"id":41457,"depth":83,"text":41458,"children":42332},[42333,42334,42335],{"id":41466,"depth":115,"text":41467},{"id":41505,"depth":115,"text":41506},{"id":41546,"depth":115,"text":41547},{"id":41611,"depth":83,"text":41612,"children":42337},[42338,42339,42340,42341,42342],{"id":41621,"depth":115,"text":40811},{"id":41687,"depth":115,"text":1713},{"id":41754,"depth":115,"text":41755},{"id":41828,"depth":115,"text":41829},{"id":41955,"depth":115,"text":41956},{"id":42059,"depth":83,"text":42060},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":42345},[42346,42347,42348,42349,42350],{"id":42213,"depth":115,"text":42214},{"id":42224,"depth":115,"text":42225},{"id":42237,"depth":115,"text":42238},{"id":42248,"depth":115,"text":42249},{"id":42256,"depth":115,"text":42257},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40198,"description":42352},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42359,"title":42360,"body":42361,"description":43582,"extension":2083,"meta":43583,"navigation":240,"path":35132,"seo":43584,"stem":43585,"__hash__":43586},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42362,"toc":43548},[42363,42366,42371,42374,42376,42415,42429,42433,42438,42441,42458,42461,42471,42486,42489,42491,42494,42510,42513,42516,42536,42540,42551,42554,42558,42562,42576,42611,42615,42626,42661,42664,42666,42674,42707,42723,42725,42735,42756,42767,42769,42774,42777,42791,42793,42812,42815,42828,42831,42835,42839,42853,42856,42874,42877,42892,42896,42901,42915,42921,42923,42980,42982,43015,43018,43034,43038,43045,43049,43054,43057,43068,43072,43077,43092,43101,43106,43125,43128,43140,43142,43147,43157,43160,43189,43194,43203,43207,43212,43215,43219,43224,43226,43256,43259,43266,43271,43276,43280,43283,43291,43294,43372,43375,43397,43399,43403,43406,43410,43416,43479,43483,43491,43495,43498,43500,43525,43545],[10,42364,42360],{"id":42365},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42367,3704,42368,42370],{},[15,42369,35135],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42372,42373],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[38,42375,2125],{"id":2124},[43,42377,42379],{"className":45,"code":42378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42380,42381,42391,42401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42382,42383,42385,42387,42389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42384,32262],{"class":118},[52,42386,122],{"class":66},[52,42388,11279],{"class":118},[52,42390,127],{"class":66},[52,42392,42393,42395,42397,42399],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,42394,32262],{"class":118},[52,42396,122],{"class":66},[52,42398,3564],{"class":3020},[52,42400,127],{"class":66},[52,42402,42403,42405,42407,42409,42411,42413],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42404,32262],{"class":118},[52,42406,122],{"class":66},[52,42408,3420],{"class":188},[52,42410,34766],{"class":192},[52,42412,3420],{"class":188},[52,42414,127],{"class":66},[20,42416,137,42417,42419,42420,2996,42422,42424,42425,42428],{},[15,42418,35135],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42421,11279],{},[15,42423,3564],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42426,42427],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[38,42430,42432],{"id":42431},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42434,42435,42437],{},[15,42436,35135],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42439,42440],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[154,42442,42443,42446,42449,42452,42455],{},[157,42444,42445],{},"Functions",[157,42447,42448],{},"Classes",[157,42450,42451],{},"Methods",[157,42453,42454],{},"Modules",[157,42456,42457],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42459,42460],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42462,42463,42464,42470],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[30,42465,42467],{"href":42466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42468,42469],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[43,42472,42474],{"className":45,"code":42473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\n",[15,42475,42476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42477,42478,42480,42482,42484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42479,32262],{"class":118},[52,42481,122],{"class":66},[52,42483,11279],{"class":118},[52,42485,127],{"class":66},[20,42487,42488],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[38,42490,268],{"id":267},[20,42492,42493],{},"The main form is:",[43,42495,42497],{"className":45,"code":42496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(object)\n",[15,42498,42499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42500,42501,42503,42505,42508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42502,32262],{"class":118},[52,42504,122],{"class":66},[52,42506,42507],{"class":3020},"object",[52,42509,127],{"class":66},[20,42511,42512],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42514,42515],{},"Common examples include:",[154,42517,42518,42522,42527,42531],{},[157,42519,42520],{},[15,42521,11279],{},[157,42523,42524],{},[15,42525,42526],{},"list.append",[157,42528,42529],{},[15,42530,3564],{},[157,42532,42533],{},[15,42534,42535],{},"open",[20,42537,7293,42538,7296],{},[15,42539,35135],{},[43,42541,42543],{"className":45,"code":42542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help()\n",[15,42544,42545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42546,42547,42549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42548,32262],{"class":118},[52,42550,8764],{"class":66},[20,42552,42553],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[38,42555,42557],{"id":42556},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1324,42559,42561],{"id":42560},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42563,42564,42565,2311,42567,2311,42569,17186,42572,89],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42566,11279],{},[15,42568,119],{},[15,42570,42571],{},"input",[30,42573,42574],{"href":2420},[15,42575,2423],{},[43,42577,42579],{"className":45,"code":42578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42580,42581,42591,42601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42582,42583,42585,42587,42589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42584,32262],{"class":118},[52,42586,122],{"class":66},[52,42588,119],{"class":118},[52,42590,127],{"class":66},[52,42592,42593,42595,42597,42599],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,42594,32262],{"class":118},[52,42596,122],{"class":66},[52,42598,42571],{"class":118},[52,42600,127],{"class":66},[52,42602,42603,42605,42607,42609],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42604,32262],{"class":118},[52,42606,122],{"class":66},[52,42608,3340],{"class":3020},[52,42610,127],{"class":66},[1324,42612,42614],{"id":42613},"data-types","Data types",[20,42616,42617,42618,2311,42620,2311,42622,17186,42624,89],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42619,3564],{},[15,42621,8213],{},[15,42623,8943],{},[15,42625,6407],{},[43,42627,42629],{"className":45,"code":42628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42630,42631,42641,42651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42632,42633,42635,42637,42639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42634,32262],{"class":118},[52,42636,122],{"class":66},[52,42638,3564],{"class":3020},[52,42640,127],{"class":66},[52,42642,42643,42645,42647,42649],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,42644,32262],{"class":118},[52,42646,122],{"class":66},[52,42648,8213],{"class":3020},[52,42650,127],{"class":66},[52,42652,42653,42655,42657,42659],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42654,32262],{"class":118},[52,42656,122],{"class":66},[52,42658,8943],{"class":3020},[52,42660,127],{"class":66},[20,42662,42663],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1324,42665,42451],{"id":34613},[20,42667,42668,42669,668,42672,89],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42670,42671],{},"str.split",[15,42673,42526],{},[43,42675,42677],{"className":45,"code":42676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42678,42679,42693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42680,42681,42683,42685,42687,42689,42691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42682,32262],{"class":118},[52,42684,122],{"class":66},[52,42686,3564],{"class":3020},[52,42688,89],{"class":66},[52,42690,34576],{"class":24860},[52,42692,127],{"class":66},[52,42694,42695,42697,42699,42701,42703,42705],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,42696,32262],{"class":118},[52,42698,122],{"class":66},[52,42700,8213],{"class":3020},[52,42702,89],{"class":66},[52,42704,13668],{"class":24860},[52,42706,127],{"class":66},[20,42708,42709,42710,8826,42712,28424,42717,42719,42720,42722],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42711,35135],{},[30,42713,42715],{"href":42714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42716,34418],{},[15,42718,34418],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42721,35135],{}," explains one of them.",[1324,42724,42454],{"id":34766},[20,42726,42727,42728,2311,42730,17186,42732,89],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42729,18528],{},[15,42731,35298],{},[15,42733,42734],{},"os",[43,42736,42738],{"className":45,"code":42737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42739,42740,42746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42741,42742,42744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42743,35199],{"class":3996},[52,42745,35202],{"class":58},[52,42747,42748,42750,42752,42754],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,42749,32262],{"class":118},[52,42751,122],{"class":66},[52,42753,18528],{"class":92},[52,42755,127],{"class":66},[20,42757,42758,42759,42763,42764,89],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[30,42760,42762],{"href":42761},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[30,42765,35265],{"href":42766},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[38,42768,35026],{"id":35025},[20,42770,42771,42773],{},[15,42772,35135],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42775,42776],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[154,42778,42779,42782,42785,42788],{},[157,42780,42781],{},"The function signature",[157,42783,42784],{},"The short description",[157,42786,42787],{},"Parameter names",[157,42789,42790],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42792,5590],{},[43,42794,42796],{"className":45,"code":42795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42797,42798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42799,42800,42802,42804,42806,42808,42810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42801,32262],{"class":118},[52,42803,122],{"class":66},[52,42805,3564],{"class":3020},[52,42807,89],{"class":66},[52,42809,34576],{"class":24860},[52,42811,127],{"class":66},[20,42813,42814],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[154,42816,42817,42820,42823,42825],{},[157,42818,42819],{},"What object this is",[157,42821,42822],{},"What arguments it accepts",[157,42824,437],{},[157,42826,42827],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42829,42830],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[38,42832,42834],{"id":42833},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42836,42837,29984],{},[15,42838,35135],{},[154,42840,42841,42844,42847,42850],{},[157,42842,42843],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[157,42845,42846],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[157,42848,42849],{},"You are exploring a new module",[157,42851,42852],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42854,42855],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[43,42857,42858],{"className":45,"code":42795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42859,42860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42861,42862,42864,42866,42868,42870,42872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42863,32262],{"class":118},[52,42865,122],{"class":66},[52,42867,3564],{"class":3020},[52,42869,89],{"class":66},[52,42871,34576],{"class":24860},[52,42873,127],{"class":66},[20,42875,42876],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[43,42878,42880],{"className":45,"code":42879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(open)\n",[15,42881,42882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42883,42884,42886,42888,42890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42885,32262],{"class":118},[52,42887,122],{"class":66},[52,42889,42535],{"class":118},[52,42891,127],{"class":66},[38,42893,42895],{"id":42894},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42897,42898,42900],{},[15,42899,35135],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[154,42902,42903,42906,42909,42912],{},[157,42904,42905],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[157,42907,42908],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[157,42910,42911],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[157,42913,42914],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42916,42917,42918,42920],{},"So, ",[15,42919,35135],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42922,5590],{},[43,42924,42926],{"className":45,"code":42925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42927,42928,42941,42965,42969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42929,42930,42932,42934,42936,42939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42931,34795],{"class":58},[52,42933,63],{"class":62},[52,42935,200],{"class":188},[52,42937,42938],{"class":192},"a,b,c",[52,42940,3479],{"class":188},[52,42942,42943,42946,42948,42951,42953,42955,42957,42959,42961,42963],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,42944,42945],{"class":58},"parts ",[52,42947,63],{"class":62},[52,42949,42950],{"class":58}," text",[52,42952,89],{"class":66},[52,42954,34576],{"class":92},[52,42956,122],{"class":66},[52,42958,189],{"class":188},[52,42960,74],{"class":192},[52,42962,189],{"class":188},[52,42964,127],{"class":66},[52,42966,42967],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42968,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,42970,42971,42973,42975,42978],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,42972,119],{"class":118},[52,42974,122],{"class":66},[52,42976,42977],{"class":92},"parts",[52,42979,127],{"class":66},[20,42981,5678],{},[43,42983,42985],{"className":45,"code":42984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42986,42987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42988,42989,42991,42993,42995,42997,42999,43001,43003,43005,43007,43009,43011,43013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42990,4020],{"class":66},[52,42992,3420],{"class":188},[52,42994,30],{"class":192},[52,42996,3420],{"class":188},[52,42998,74],{"class":66},[52,43000,3415],{"class":188},[52,43002,1393],{"class":192},[52,43004,3420],{"class":188},[52,43006,74],{"class":66},[52,43008,3415],{"class":188},[52,43010,1491],{"class":192},[52,43012,3420],{"class":188},[52,43014,3756],{"class":66},[20,43016,43017],{},"A good workflow is:",[28823,43019,43020,43025,43028,43031],{},[157,43021,137,43022,43024],{},[15,43023,35135],{}," to inspect something",[157,43026,43027],{},"Write a tiny example",[157,43029,43030],{},"Check the result",[157,43032,43033],{},"Repeat",[38,43035,43037],{"id":43036},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43039,43040,668,43042,43044],{},[15,43041,35135],{},[15,43043,34418],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1324,43046,43047],{"id":32262},[15,43048,35135],{},[20,43050,137,43051,43053],{},[15,43052,35135],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43055,43056],{},"It tells you:",[154,43058,43059,43062,43065],{},[157,43060,43061],{},"What something is",[157,43063,43064],{},"How to use it",[157,43066,43067],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1324,43069,43070],{"id":34479},[15,43071,34418],{},[20,43073,137,43074,43076],{},[15,43075,34418],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[43,43078,43080],{"className":45,"code":43079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dir(str)\n",[15,43081,43082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43083,43084,43086,43088,43090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43085,34479],{"class":118},[52,43087,122],{"class":66},[52,43089,3564],{"class":3020},[52,43091,127],{"class":66},[20,43093,43094,43095,2311,43097,17186,43099,89],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43096,34576],{},[15,43098,8755],{},[15,43100,8761],{},[20,43102,43103,43104,152],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43105,35135],{},[43,43107,43109],{"className":45,"code":43108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43110,43111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43112,43113,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43114,32262],{"class":118},[52,43116,122],{"class":66},[52,43118,3564],{"class":3020},[52,43120,89],{"class":66},[52,43122,8761],{"class":24860},[52,43124,127],{"class":66},[20,43126,43127],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[154,43129,43130,43135],{},[157,43131,137,43132,43134],{},[15,43133,34418],{}," to discover options",[157,43136,137,43137,43139],{},[15,43138,35135],{}," to understand one option",[38,43141,2948],{"id":2947},[20,43143,43144,43145,89],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43146,35135],{},[1324,43148,8538,43150,43153,43154],{"id":43149},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43151,43152],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43155,43156],{},"help(len)",[20,43158,43159],{},"These are not always the same.",[43,43161,43163],{"className":45,"code":43162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43164,43165,43175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43166,43167,43169,43171,43173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43168,32262],{"class":118},[52,43170,122],{"class":66},[52,43172,11279],{"class":118},[52,43174,127],{"class":66},[52,43176,43177,43179,43181,43183,43185,43187],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,43178,32262],{"class":118},[52,43180,122],{"class":66},[52,43182,3420],{"class":188},[52,43184,11279],{"class":192},[52,43186,3420],{"class":188},[52,43188,127],{"class":66},[20,43190,43191,43193],{},[15,43192,43156],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43195,43196,43198,43199,43202],{},[15,43197,43152],{}," treats ",[15,43200,43201],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1324,43204,43206],{"id":43205},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43208,43209,43211],{},[15,43210,35135],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43213,43214],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1324,43216,43218],{"id":43217},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43220,40450,43221,43223],{},[15,43222,35135],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43225,347],{},[43,43227,43229],{"className":45,"code":43228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43230,43231,43241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43232,43233,43235,43237,43239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43234,32262],{"class":118},[52,43236,122],{"class":66},[52,43238,11279],{"class":118},[52,43240,127],{"class":66},[52,43242,43243,43245,43247,43249,43252,43254],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,43244,119],{"class":118},[52,43246,122],{"class":66},[52,43248,189],{"class":188},[52,43250,43251],{"class":192},"Done",[52,43253,189],{"class":188},[52,43255,127],{"class":66},[20,43257,43258],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1324,43260,37310,43262,8826,43264],{"id":43261},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43263,35135],{},[15,43265,34418],{},[20,43267,43268,43269,89],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43270,34418],{},[20,43272,43273,43274,89],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43275,35135],{},[38,43277,43279],{"id":43278},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43281,43282],{},"Open Python:",[43,43284,43285],{"className":45,"code":35651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,43286,43287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43288,43289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43290,35651],{"class":58},[20,43292,43293],{},"Then test these commands:",[43,43295,43297],{"className":45,"code":43296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43298,43299,43309,43323,43337,43347,43362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43300,43301,43303,43305,43307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43302,32262],{"class":118},[52,43304,122],{"class":66},[52,43306,11279],{"class":118},[52,43308,127],{"class":66},[52,43310,43311,43313,43315,43317,43319,43321],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,43312,32262],{"class":118},[52,43314,122],{"class":66},[52,43316,3564],{"class":3020},[52,43318,89],{"class":66},[52,43320,34576],{"class":24860},[52,43322,127],{"class":66},[52,43324,43325,43327,43329,43331,43333,43335],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43326,32262],{"class":118},[52,43328,122],{"class":66},[52,43330,8213],{"class":3020},[52,43332,89],{"class":66},[52,43334,13668],{"class":24860},[52,43336,127],{"class":66},[52,43338,43339,43341,43343,43345],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,43340,32262],{"class":118},[52,43342,122],{"class":66},[52,43344,42535],{"class":118},[52,43346,127],{"class":66},[52,43348,43349,43351,43353,43355,43358,43360],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,43350,32262],{"class":118},[52,43352,122],{"class":66},[52,43354,3420],{"class":188},[52,43356,43357],{"class":192},"keywords",[52,43359,3420],{"class":188},[52,43361,127],{"class":66},[52,43363,43364,43366,43368,43370],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,43365,34479],{"class":118},[52,43367,122],{"class":66},[52,43369,3564],{"class":3020},[52,43371,127],{"class":66},[20,43373,43374],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[154,43376,43377,43380,43383,43386,43389,43392],{},[157,43378,43379],{},"A built-in function",[157,43381,43382],{},"A string method",[157,43384,43385],{},"A list method",[157,43387,43388],{},"A built-in file function",[157,43390,43391],{},"A special help topic",[157,43393,15303,43394,43396],{},[15,43395,34418],{}," example for comparison",[38,43398,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,43400,43402],{"id":43401},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43404,43405],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1324,43407,43409],{"id":43408},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43411,43412,43413,43415],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43414,35135],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[43,43417,43419],{"className":45,"code":43418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43420,43421,43433,43446,43465,43469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43422,43423,43425,43427,43429,43431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43424,34959],{"class":2187},[52,43426,34963],{"class":34962},[52,43428,122],{"class":66},[52,43430,7786],{"class":37769},[52,43432,8462],{"class":66},[52,43434,43435,43439,43443],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,43436,43438],{"class":43437},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[52,43440,43442],{"class":43441},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[52,43444,43445],{"class":43437},"\"\"\"\n",[52,43447,43448,43450,43453,43456,43458,43460,43462],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43449,34970],{"class":3996},[52,43451,43452],{"class":2187}," f",[52,43454,43455],{"class":192},"\"Hello, ",[52,43457,9399],{"class":70},[52,43459,7786],{"class":58},[52,43461,22412],{"class":70},[52,43463,43464],{"class":192},"!\"\n",[52,43466,43467],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,43468,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,43470,43471,43473,43475,43477],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,43472,32262],{"class":118},[52,43474,122],{"class":66},[52,43476,35005],{"class":92},[52,43478,127],{"class":66},[1324,43480,43482],{"id":43481},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43484,43485,43487,43488,43490],{},[15,43486,43156],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43489,43152],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1324,43492,43494],{"id":43493},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43496,43497],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[38,43499,1996],{"id":1995},[154,43501,43502,43507,43511,43516,43521],{},[157,43503,43504],{},[30,43505,43506],{"href":42714},"Python dir() function explained",[157,43508,43509],{},[30,43510,8563],{"href":2420},[157,43512,43513],{},[30,43514,43515],{"href":42466},"Python len() function explained",[157,43517,43518],{},[30,43519,43520],{"href":42761},"How import works in Python",[157,43522,43523],{},[30,43524,35265],{"href":42766},[20,43526,43527,43528,43530,43531,2311,43533,17186,43535,43537,43538,2996,43541,43544],{},"Try ",[15,43529,35135],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43532,11279],{},[15,43534,119],{},[15,43536,42571],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43539,43540],{},"dir(str)",[15,43542,43543],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2044,43546,43547],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":43549},[43550,43551,43552,43553,43559,43560,43561,43562,43566,43574,43575,43581],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":42431,"depth":83,"text":42432},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":42556,"depth":83,"text":42557,"children":43554},[43555,43556,43557,43558],{"id":42560,"depth":115,"text":42561},{"id":42613,"depth":115,"text":42614},{"id":34613,"depth":115,"text":42451},{"id":34766,"depth":115,"text":42454},{"id":35025,"depth":83,"text":35026},{"id":42833,"depth":83,"text":42834},{"id":42894,"depth":83,"text":42895},{"id":43036,"depth":83,"text":43037,"children":43563},[43564,43565],{"id":32262,"depth":115,"text":35135},{"id":34479,"depth":115,"text":34418},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":43567},[43568,43570,43571,43572],{"id":43149,"depth":115,"text":43569},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43205,"depth":115,"text":43206},{"id":43217,"depth":115,"text":43218},{"id":43261,"depth":115,"text":43573},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43278,"depth":83,"text":43279},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":43576},[43577,43578,43579,43580],{"id":43401,"depth":115,"text":43402},{"id":43408,"depth":115,"text":43409},{"id":43481,"depth":115,"text":43482},{"id":43493,"depth":115,"text":43494},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42360,"description":43582},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43588,"title":43589,"body":43590,"description":44951,"extension":2083,"meta":44952,"navigation":240,"path":44953,"seo":44954,"stem":44955,"__hash__":44956},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43591,"toc":44924},[43592,43598,43603,43609,43619,43678,43688,43699,43704,43710,43712,43730,43738,43740,43742,43757,43760,43771,43773,43864,43867,43871,43876,43897,43899,44010,44012,44039,44050,44054,44057,44140,44142,44150,44156,44162,44166,44169,44279,44281,44294,44297,44311,44319,44326,44331,44345,44351,44464,44466,44527,44530,44536,44542,44545,44567,44570,44640,44643,44675,44682,44684,44687,44705,44708,44720,44726,44728,44733,44758,44761,44833,44835,44841,44844,44850,44853,44859,44869,44875,44878,44885,44888,44890,44921],[10,43593,3697,43595,3701],{"id":43594},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43596,43597],{},"id()",[20,43599,32424,43600,43602],{},[15,43601,43597],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43604,43605,43606,43608],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43607,43597],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43610,137,43611,43613,43614,43616,43617,89],{},[15,43612,43597],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[984,43615,986],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43618,4805],{},[43,43620,43622],{"className":45,"code":43621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43623,43624,43636,43650,43654,43664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43625,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43627,7995],{"class":58},[52,43629,63],{"class":62},[52,43631,200],{"class":188},[52,43633,7414],{"class":192},[52,43635,3479],{"class":188},[52,43637,43638,43640,43642,43644,43646,43648],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,43639,119],{"class":118},[52,43641,122],{"class":66},[52,43643,12766],{"class":118},[52,43645,122],{"class":66},[52,43647,7786],{"class":92},[52,43649,2150],{"class":66},[52,43651,43652],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43653,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,43655,43656,43659,43661],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,43657,43658],{"class":58},"other ",[52,43660,63],{"class":62},[52,43662,43663],{"class":58}," name\n",[52,43665,43666,43668,43670,43672,43674,43676],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,43667,119],{"class":118},[52,43669,122],{"class":66},[52,43671,12766],{"class":118},[52,43673,122],{"class":66},[52,43675,30852],{"class":92},[52,43677,2150],{"class":66},[20,43679,43680,43681,43684,43685,43687],{},"In this example, ",[15,43682,43683],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43686,43597],{}," values match.",[43689,43690,43691],"blockquote",{},[20,43692,137,43693,43695,43696,43698],{},[15,43694,43597],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43697,4805],{}," for value comparison.",[38,43700,144,43702,147],{"id":43701},"what-id-does",[15,43703,43597],{},[20,43705,43706,43709],{},[15,43707,43708],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43711,13169],{},[154,43713,43714,43717,43724,43727],{},[157,43715,43716],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[157,43718,43719,43720,43723],{},"It shows ",[984,43721,43722],{},"object identity",", not object value",[157,43725,43726],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[157,43728,43729],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43731,43732,43733,43737],{},"This is closely related to how ",[30,43734,43736],{"href":43735},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[38,43739,268],{"id":267},[20,43741,5552],{},[43,43743,43745],{"className":45,"code":43744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"id(object)\n",[15,43746,43747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43748,43749,43751,43753,43755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43750,12766],{"class":118},[52,43752,122],{"class":66},[52,43754,42507],{"class":3020},[52,43756,127],{"class":66},[20,43758,43759],{},"Important details:",[154,43761,43762,43765,43768],{},[157,43763,43764],{},"It takes one argument",[157,43766,43767],{},"It returns an integer",[157,43769,43770],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43772,347],{},[43,43774,43776],{"className":45,"code":43775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43777,43778,43790,43798,43818,43822,43836,43850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43779,43780,43782,43784,43786,43788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43781,34795],{"class":58},[52,43783,63],{"class":62},[52,43785,200],{"class":188},[52,43787,3964],{"class":192},[52,43789,3479],{"class":188},[52,43791,43792,43794,43796],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,43793,2339],{"class":58},[52,43795,63],{"class":62},[52,43797,2886],{"class":70},[52,43799,43800,43802,43804,43806,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43801,7897],{"class":58},[52,43803,63],{"class":62},[52,43805,3743],{"class":66},[52,43807,71],{"class":70},[52,43809,74],{"class":66},[52,43811,77],{"class":70},[52,43813,74],{"class":66},[52,43815,104],{"class":70},[52,43817,3756],{"class":66},[52,43819,43820],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,43821,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,43823,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,43825,119],{"class":118},[52,43827,122],{"class":66},[52,43829,12766],{"class":118},[52,43831,122],{"class":66},[52,43833,34816],{"class":92},[52,43835,2150],{"class":66},[52,43837,43838,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,43839,119],{"class":118},[52,43841,122],{"class":66},[52,43843,12766],{"class":118},[52,43845,122],{"class":66},[52,43847,2361],{"class":92},[52,43849,2150],{"class":66},[52,43851,43852,43854,43856,43858,43860,43862],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,43853,119],{"class":118},[52,43855,122],{"class":66},[52,43857,12766],{"class":118},[52,43859,122],{"class":66},[52,43861,7928],{"class":92},[52,43863,2150],{"class":66},[20,43865,43866],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[38,43868,43870],{"id":43869},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43872,43873,43874,89],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43875,43597],{},[154,43877,43878,43885,43892],{},[157,43879,43880,43882,43883],{},[15,43881,4805],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[984,43884,2593],{},[157,43886,43887,43889,43890],{},[15,43888,12310],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[984,43891,42507],{},[157,43893,43894,43896],{},[15,43895,43597],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43898,347],{},[43,43900,43902],{"className":45,"code":43901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43903,43904,43924,43944,43948,43965,43982,43996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43905,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43907,1347],{"class":58},[52,43909,63],{"class":62},[52,43911,3743],{"class":66},[52,43913,71],{"class":70},[52,43915,74],{"class":66},[52,43917,77],{"class":70},[52,43919,74],{"class":66},[52,43921,104],{"class":70},[52,43923,3756],{"class":66},[52,43925,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936,43938,43940,43942],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,43927,1364],{"class":58},[52,43929,63],{"class":62},[52,43931,3743],{"class":66},[52,43933,71],{"class":70},[52,43935,74],{"class":66},[52,43937,77],{"class":70},[52,43939,74],{"class":66},[52,43941,104],{"class":70},[52,43943,3756],{"class":66},[52,43945,43946],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43947,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,43949,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,43951,119],{"class":118},[52,43953,122],{"class":66},[52,43955,1347],{"class":92},[52,43957,4805],{"class":62},[52,43959,337],{"class":92},[52,43961,3782],{"class":66},[52,43963,43964],{"class":133},"   # True\n",[52,43966,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,43968,119],{"class":118},[52,43970,122],{"class":66},[52,43972,1347],{"class":92},[52,43974,12310],{"class":3996},[52,43976,337],{"class":92},[52,43978,3782],{"class":66},[52,43980,43981],{"class":133},"   # False\n",[52,43983,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992,43994],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,43985,119],{"class":118},[52,43987,122],{"class":66},[52,43989,12766],{"class":118},[52,43991,122],{"class":66},[52,43993,30],{"class":92},[52,43995,2150],{"class":66},[52,43997,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,43999,119],{"class":118},[52,44001,122],{"class":66},[52,44003,12766],{"class":118},[52,44005,122],{"class":66},[52,44007,1393],{"class":92},[52,44009,2150],{"class":66},[20,44011,2300],{},[154,44013,44014,44022,44030],{},[157,44015,44016,4900,44019,44021],{},[15,44017,44018],{},"a == b",[15,44020,3726],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[157,44023,44024,4900,44027,44029],{},[15,44025,44026],{},"a is b",[15,44028,3795],{}," because they are different list objects",[157,44031,44032,668,44035,44038],{},[15,44033,44034],{},"id(a)",[15,44036,44037],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44040,44041,44042,668,44046,89],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[30,44043,44045],{"href":44044},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[30,44047,44049],{"href":44048},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[38,44051,44053],{"id":44052},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44055,44056],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[43,44058,44060],{"className":45,"code":44059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44061,44062,44082,44092,44096,44110,44125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44063,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078,44080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44065,59],{"class":58},[52,44067,63],{"class":62},[52,44069,3743],{"class":66},[52,44071,2452],{"class":70},[52,44073,74],{"class":66},[52,44075,7908],{"class":70},[52,44077,74],{"class":66},[52,44079,7913],{"class":70},[52,44081,3756],{"class":66},[52,44083,44084,44087,44089],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44085,44086],{"class":58},"other_numbers ",[52,44088,63],{"class":62},[52,44090,44091],{"class":58}," numbers\n",[52,44093,44094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44095,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,44097,44098,44100,44102,44104,44106,44108],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,44099,119],{"class":118},[52,44101,122],{"class":66},[52,44103,12766],{"class":118},[52,44105,122],{"class":66},[52,44107,86],{"class":92},[52,44109,2150],{"class":66},[52,44111,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44123],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,44113,119],{"class":118},[52,44115,122],{"class":66},[52,44117,12766],{"class":118},[52,44119,122],{"class":66},[52,44121,44122],{"class":92},"other_numbers",[52,44124,2150],{"class":66},[52,44126,44127,44129,44131,44133,44135,44138],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,44128,119],{"class":118},[52,44130,122],{"class":66},[52,44132,59],{"class":92},[52,44134,12310],{"class":3996},[52,44136,44137],{"class":92}," other_numbers",[52,44139,127],{"class":66},[20,44141,5678],{},[43,44143,44144],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,44145,44146],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44147,44148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44149,4100],{"class":3971},[20,44151,44152,44153,44155],{},"The two ",[15,44154,43597],{}," values will also match.",[20,44157,22298,44158,44161],{},[15,44159,44160],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[38,44163,44165],{"id":44164},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44167,44168],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[43,44170,44172],{"className":45,"code":44171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44173,44174,44195,44216,44220,44235,44249,44264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44175,44176,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191,44193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44177,44178],{"class":58},"list_a ",[52,44180,63],{"class":62},[52,44182,3743],{"class":66},[52,44184,71],{"class":70},[52,44186,74],{"class":66},[52,44188,77],{"class":70},[52,44190,74],{"class":66},[52,44192,104],{"class":70},[52,44194,3756],{"class":66},[52,44196,44197,44200,44202,44204,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44198,44199],{"class":58},"list_b ",[52,44201,63],{"class":62},[52,44203,3743],{"class":66},[52,44205,71],{"class":70},[52,44207,74],{"class":66},[52,44209,77],{"class":70},[52,44211,74],{"class":66},[52,44213,104],{"class":70},[52,44215,3756],{"class":66},[52,44217,44218],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44219,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,44221,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44233],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,44223,119],{"class":118},[52,44225,122],{"class":66},[52,44227,44178],{"class":92},[52,44229,4805],{"class":62},[52,44231,44232],{"class":92}," list_b",[52,44234,127],{"class":66},[52,44236,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,44238,119],{"class":118},[52,44240,122],{"class":66},[52,44242,44178],{"class":92},[52,44244,12310],{"class":3996},[52,44246,44232],{"class":92},[52,44248,127],{"class":66},[52,44250,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259,44262],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,44252,119],{"class":118},[52,44254,122],{"class":66},[52,44256,12766],{"class":118},[52,44258,122],{"class":66},[52,44260,44261],{"class":92},"list_a",[52,44263,2150],{"class":66},[52,44265,44266,44268,44270,44272,44274,44277],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,44267,119],{"class":118},[52,44269,122],{"class":66},[52,44271,12766],{"class":118},[52,44273,122],{"class":66},[52,44275,44276],{"class":92},"list_b",[52,44278,2150],{"class":66},[20,44280,5678],{},[43,44282,44284],{"className":45,"code":44283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44285,44286,44290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44287,44288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44289,4100],{"class":3971},[52,44291,44292],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44293,4161],{"class":3971},[20,44295,44296],{},"What this means:",[154,44298,44299,44302,44305],{},[157,44300,44301],{},"The lists are equal in value",[157,44303,44304],{},"They are not the same object",[157,44306,44307,44308,44310],{},"Their ",[15,44309,43597],{}," values are usually different",[20,44312,44313,44314,44316,44317,89],{},"This is why ",[15,44315,43597],{}," should not replace ",[15,44318,4805],{},[38,44320,44322,44323,44325],{"id":44321},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44324,43597],{}," is useful",[20,44327,44328,44330],{},[15,44329,43597],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[154,44332,44333,44336,44339,44342],{},[157,44334,44335],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[157,44337,44338],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[157,44340,44341],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[157,44343,44344],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44346,44347,44348,44350],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44349,43597],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[43,44352,44354],{"className":45,"code":44353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44355,44356,44380,44389,44393,44412,44416,44426,44436,44450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44357,44358,44360,44362,44364,44366,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44359,12202],{"class":58},[52,44361,63],{"class":62},[52,44363,3743],{"class":66},[52,44365,189],{"class":188},[52,44367,30],{"class":192},[52,44369,189],{"class":188},[52,44371,74],{"class":66},[52,44373,200],{"class":188},[52,44375,1393],{"class":192},[52,44377,189],{"class":188},[52,44379,3756],{"class":66},[52,44381,44382,44385,44387],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44383,44384],{"class":58},"copy_ref ",[52,44386,63],{"class":62},[52,44388,12240],{"class":58},[52,44390,44391],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44392,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,44394,44395,44398,44400,44402,44404,44406,44408,44410],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,44396,44397],{"class":58},"copy_ref",[52,44399,89],{"class":66},[52,44401,13668],{"class":92},[52,44403,122],{"class":66},[52,44405,189],{"class":188},[52,44407,1491],{"class":192},[52,44409,189],{"class":188},[52,44411,127],{"class":66},[52,44413,44414],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,44415,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,44417,44418,44420,44422,44424],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,44419,119],{"class":118},[52,44421,122],{"class":66},[52,44423,12249],{"class":92},[52,44425,127],{"class":66},[52,44427,44428,44430,44432,44434],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,44429,119],{"class":118},[52,44431,122],{"class":66},[52,44433,44397],{"class":92},[52,44435,127],{"class":66},[52,44437,44438,44440,44442,44444,44446,44448],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,44439,119],{"class":118},[52,44441,122],{"class":66},[52,44443,12766],{"class":118},[52,44445,122],{"class":66},[52,44447,12249],{"class":92},[52,44449,2150],{"class":66},[52,44451,44452,44454,44456,44458,44460,44462],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,44453,119],{"class":118},[52,44455,122],{"class":66},[52,44457,12766],{"class":118},[52,44459,122],{"class":66},[52,44461,44397],{"class":92},[52,44463,2150],{"class":66},[20,44465,5678],{},[43,44467,44469],{"className":45,"code":44468,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44470,44471,44499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44472,44473,44475,44477,44479,44481,44483,44485,44487,44489,44491,44493,44495,44497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44474,4020],{"class":66},[52,44476,3420],{"class":188},[52,44478,30],{"class":192},[52,44480,3420],{"class":188},[52,44482,74],{"class":66},[52,44484,3415],{"class":188},[52,44486,1393],{"class":192},[52,44488,3420],{"class":188},[52,44490,74],{"class":66},[52,44492,3415],{"class":188},[52,44494,1491],{"class":192},[52,44496,3420],{"class":188},[52,44498,3756],{"class":66},[52,44500,44501,44503,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44502,4020],{"class":66},[52,44504,3420],{"class":188},[52,44506,30],{"class":192},[52,44508,3420],{"class":188},[52,44510,74],{"class":66},[52,44512,3415],{"class":188},[52,44514,1393],{"class":192},[52,44516,3420],{"class":188},[52,44518,74],{"class":66},[52,44520,3415],{"class":188},[52,44522,1491],{"class":192},[52,44524,3420],{"class":188},[52,44526,3756],{"class":66},[20,44528,44529],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[38,44531,44533,44534],{"id":44532},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44535,43597],{},[20,44537,44538,44539,44541],{},"Do not use ",[15,44540,43597],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44543,44544],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[154,44546,44547,44553,44559,44562],{},[157,44548,44549,44550,44552],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44551,4805],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[157,44554,44555,44556,44558],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44557,43597],{}," values across program runs",[157,44560,44561],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[157,44563,44564,44565],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44566,43597],{},[20,44568,44569],{},"Bad example:",[43,44571,44573],{"className":45,"code":44572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44574,44575,44587,44599,44603,44625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44576,44577,44579,44581,44583,44585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44578,1347],{"class":58},[52,44580,63],{"class":62},[52,44582,200],{"class":188},[52,44584,950],{"class":192},[52,44586,3479],{"class":188},[52,44588,44589,44591,44593,44595,44597],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44590,1364],{"class":58},[52,44592,63],{"class":62},[52,44594,200],{"class":188},[52,44596,950],{"class":192},[52,44598,3479],{"class":188},[52,44600,44601],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44602,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,44604,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613,44615,44617,44619,44621,44623],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,44606,7115],{"class":3996},[52,44608,14931],{"class":118},[52,44610,122],{"class":66},[52,44612,30],{"class":92},[52,44614,3782],{"class":66},[52,44616,6529],{"class":62},[52,44618,14931],{"class":118},[52,44620,122],{"class":66},[52,44622,1393],{"class":92},[52,44624,8462],{"class":66},[52,44626,44627,44629,44631,44633,44636,44638],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,44628,8188],{"class":118},[52,44630,122],{"class":66},[52,44632,189],{"class":188},[52,44634,44635],{"class":192},"The values are equal",[52,44637,189],{"class":188},[52,44639,127],{"class":66},[20,44641,44642],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[43,44644,44646],{"className":45,"code":44645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44647,44648,44661],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44649,44650,44652,44655,44657,44659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44651,7115],{"class":3996},[52,44653,44654],{"class":58}," a ",[52,44656,4805],{"class":62},[52,44658,337],{"class":58},[52,44660,6514],{"class":66},[52,44662,44663,44665,44667,44669,44671,44673],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44664,8188],{"class":118},[52,44666,122],{"class":66},[52,44668,189],{"class":188},[52,44670,44635],{"class":192},[52,44672,189],{"class":188},[52,44674,127],{"class":66},[20,44676,137,44677,2996,44679,44681],{},[15,44678,12310],{},[15,44680,43597],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[38,44683,20912],{"id":20911},[20,44685,44686],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[154,44688,44689,44692,44695,44700],{},[157,44690,44691],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[157,44693,44694],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[157,44696,44697,44698],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44699,43597],{},[157,44701,44702,44703],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44704,43597],{},[20,44706,44707],{},"The important rule is:",[154,44709,44710,44715],{},[157,44711,137,44712,44714],{},[15,44713,4805],{}," to check value",[157,44716,137,44717,44719],{},[15,44718,12310],{}," to check identity",[20,44721,44722,44723,44725],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44724,43597],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[38,44727,2948],{"id":2947},[20,44729,44730,44731,152],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44732,43597],{},[154,44734,44735,44742,44745,44748,44753],{},[157,44736,8538,44737,1863,44739,44741],{},[15,44738,43597],{},[15,44740,4805],{}," should be used",[157,44743,44744],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[157,44746,44747],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[157,44749,44750,44751],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44752,43597],{},[157,44754,8538,44755,44757],{},[15,44756,43597],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44759,44760],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[43,44762,44764],{"className":45,"code":44763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44765,44766,44781,44795,44809,44823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44767,44768,44770,44772,44774,44776,44779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44769,119],{"class":118},[52,44771,122],{"class":66},[52,44773,12766],{"class":118},[52,44775,122],{"class":66},[52,44777,44778],{"class":92},"my_object",[52,44780,2150],{"class":66},[52,44782,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44793],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,44784,119],{"class":118},[52,44786,122],{"class":66},[52,44788,1347],{"class":92},[52,44790,4805],{"class":62},[52,44792,337],{"class":92},[52,44794,127],{"class":66},[52,44796,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805,44807],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44798,119],{"class":118},[52,44800,122],{"class":66},[52,44802,1347],{"class":92},[52,44804,12310],{"class":3996},[52,44806,337],{"class":92},[52,44808,127],{"class":66},[52,44810,44811,44813,44815,44817,44819,44821],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,44812,119],{"class":118},[52,44814,122],{"class":66},[52,44816,3340],{"class":3020},[52,44818,122],{"class":66},[52,44820,44778],{"class":92},[52,44822,2150],{"class":66},[52,44824,44825,44827,44829,44831],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,44826,32262],{"class":118},[52,44828,122],{"class":66},[52,44830,12766],{"class":118},[52,44832,127],{"class":66},[38,44834,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,44836,44838,44839,12832],{"id":44837},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44840,43597],{},[20,44842,44843],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1324,44845,15018,44847,44849],{"id":44846},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44848,43597],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44851,44852],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1324,44854,21531,44856,44858],{"id":44855},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44857,43597],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44860,30381,44861,44863,44864,2996,44866,44868],{},[15,44862,4805],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44865,43597],{},[15,44867,12310],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1324,44870,44872,44873,1964],{"id":44871},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44874,43597],{},[20,44876,44877],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1324,44879,44881,44882,44884],{"id":44880},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44883,43597],{}," values?",[20,44886,44887],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[38,44889,1996],{"id":1995},[154,44891,44892,44897,44902,44907,44915],{},[157,44893,44894],{},[30,44895,44896],{"href":43735},"Python variables explained for beginners",[157,44898,44899],{},[30,44900,44901],{"href":44044},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[157,44903,44904],{},[30,44905,44906],{"href":44048},"Python data types overview",[157,44908,44909],{},[30,44910,3697,44912,3630],{"href":44911},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44913,44914],{},"isinstance()",[157,44916,44917],{},[30,44918,44920],{"href":44919},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2044,44922,44923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":44925},[44926,44928,44929,44930,44931,44932,44934,44936,44937,44938,44950],{"id":43701,"depth":83,"text":44927},"What id() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":43869,"depth":83,"text":43870},{"id":44052,"depth":83,"text":44053},{"id":44164,"depth":83,"text":44165},{"id":44321,"depth":83,"text":44933},"When id() is useful",{"id":44532,"depth":83,"text":44935},"When not to use id()",{"id":20911,"depth":83,"text":20912},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":44939},[44940,44942,44944,44946,44948],{"id":44837,"depth":115,"text":44941},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44846,"depth":115,"text":44943},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44855,"depth":115,"text":44945},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44871,"depth":115,"text":44947},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44880,"depth":115,"text":44949},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43589,"description":44951},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44958,"title":42302,"body":44959,"description":46597,"extension":2083,"meta":46598,"navigation":240,"path":46599,"seo":46600,"stem":46601,"__hash__":46602},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44960,"toc":46563},[44961,44966,44971,44974,44976,45019,45024,45027,45032,45037,45040,45056,45058,45102,45104,45131,45133,45148,45150,45152,45154,45170,45172,45184,45187,45221,45224,45249,45254,45256,45261,45265,45268,45270,45318,45320,45353,45359,45370,45372,45424,45426,45457,45459,45463,45467,45510,45516,45522,45574,45582,45587,45591,45682,45684,45717,45720,45722,45782,45784,45810,45820,45822,45826,45831,45836,45838,45875,45877,45896,45899,45903,45906,45962,45974,45983,45985,46012,46020,46026,46030,46033,46070,46073,46079,46116,46118,46122,46128,46146,46150,46198,46202,46291,46294,46301,46303,46305,46310,46328,46330,46373,46379,46396,46398,46460,46462,46464,46470,46478,46484,46490,46499,46509,46513,46521,46523,46525,46560],[10,44962,3697,44964,3701],{"id":44963},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44965,3077],{},[20,44967,2100,44968,44970],{},[15,44969,3077],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44972,44973],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[38,44975,2125],{"id":2124},[43,44977,44979],{"className":45,"code":44978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44980,44981,45000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44982,44983,44985,44987,44989,44991,44993,44996,44998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44984,7995],{"class":58},[52,44986,63],{"class":62},[52,44988,8362],{"class":118},[52,44990,122],{"class":66},[52,44992,189],{"class":188},[52,44994,44995],{"class":192},"Enter your name: ",[52,44997,189],{"class":188},[52,44999,127],{"class":66},[52,45001,45002,45004,45006,45008,45011,45013,45015,45017],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45003,119],{"class":118},[52,45005,122],{"class":66},[52,45007,189],{"class":188},[52,45009,45010],{"class":192},"Hello, ",[52,45012,189],{"class":188},[52,45014,2575],{"class":62},[52,45016,36101],{"class":92},[52,45018,127],{"class":66},[20,45020,137,45021,45023],{},[15,45022,3077],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45025,45026],"hr",{},[38,45028,144,45030,147],{"id":45029},"what-input-does",[15,45031,3077],{},[20,45033,45034,45036],{},[15,45035,3077],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45038,45039],{},"Here is what happens:",[154,45041,45042,45047,45050,45053],{},[157,45043,45044,45046],{},[15,45045,3077],{}," waits for the user to type",[157,45048,45049],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[157,45051,45052],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[157,45054,45055],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45057,347],{},[43,45059,45061],{"className":45,"code":45060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45062,45063,45083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45064,45065,45068,45070,45072,45074,45076,45079,45081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45066,45067],{"class":58},"color ",[52,45069,63],{"class":62},[52,45071,8362],{"class":118},[52,45073,122],{"class":66},[52,45075,189],{"class":188},[52,45077,45078],{"class":192},"What is your favorite color? ",[52,45080,189],{"class":188},[52,45082,127],{"class":66},[52,45084,45085,45087,45089,45091,45094,45096,45098,45100],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45086,119],{"class":118},[52,45088,122],{"class":66},[52,45090,189],{"class":188},[52,45092,45093],{"class":192},"Your favorite color is",[52,45095,189],{"class":188},[52,45097,74],{"class":66},[52,45099,35960],{"class":92},[52,45101,127],{"class":66},[20,45103,30140],{},[43,45105,45107],{"className":45,"code":45106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45108,45109,45122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45110,45111,45113,45115,45118,45120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45112,144],{"class":58},[52,45114,12310],{"class":62},[52,45116,45117],{"class":58}," your favorite color",[52,45119,1964],{"class":37473},[52,45121,35990],{"class":58},[52,45123,45124,45127,45129],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45125,45126],{"class":58},"Your favorite color ",[52,45128,12310],{"class":62},[52,45130,35990],{"class":58},[20,45132,20068],{},[154,45134,45135,45140,45145],{},[157,45136,45137,45138],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45139,45078],{},[157,45141,45142,45143],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45144,32998],{},[157,45146,45147],{},"That value is then printed",[45025,45149],{},[38,45151,268],{"id":267},[20,45153,271],{},[43,45155,45157],{"className":45,"code":45156,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45158,45159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45160,45161,45163,45165,45168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45162,42571],{"class":118},[52,45164,122],{"class":66},[52,45166,45167],{"class":92},"prompt",[52,45169,127],{"class":66},[20,45171,11575],{},[154,45173,45174,45178,45181],{},[157,45175,2100,45176,20150],{},[15,45177,45167],{},[157,45179,45180],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[157,45182,45183],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45185,45186],{},"Example with a prompt:",[43,45188,45190],{"className":45,"code":45189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45191,45192,45211],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45193,45194,45196,45198,45200,45202,45204,45207,45209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45195,8080],{"class":58},[52,45197,63],{"class":62},[52,45199,8362],{"class":118},[52,45201,122],{"class":66},[52,45203,189],{"class":188},[52,45205,45206],{"class":192},"Enter your username: ",[52,45208,189],{"class":188},[52,45210,127],{"class":66},[52,45212,45213,45215,45217,45219],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45214,119],{"class":118},[52,45216,122],{"class":66},[52,45218,8104],{"class":92},[52,45220,127],{"class":66},[20,45222,45223],{},"Example without a prompt:",[43,45225,45227],{"className":45,"code":45226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45228,45229,45239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45230,45231,45233,45235,45237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45232,2568],{"class":58},[52,45234,63],{"class":62},[52,45236,8362],{"class":118},[52,45238,8764],{"class":66},[52,45240,45241,45243,45245,45247],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45242,119],{"class":118},[52,45244,122],{"class":66},[52,45246,2593],{"class":92},[52,45248,127],{"class":66},[20,45250,692,45251,45253],{},[15,45252,3077],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45025,45255],{},[38,45257,144,45259,11822],{"id":45258},"what-input-returns",[15,45260,3077],{},[20,45262,45263,8345],{},[15,45264,3077],{},[20,45266,45267],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45269,347],{},[43,45271,45273],{"className":45,"code":45272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45274,45275,45294,45304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45276,45277,45279,45281,45283,45285,45287,45290,45292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45278,21739],{"class":58},[52,45280,63],{"class":62},[52,45282,8362],{"class":118},[52,45284,122],{"class":66},[52,45286,189],{"class":188},[52,45288,45289],{"class":192},"Enter your age: ",[52,45291,189],{"class":188},[52,45293,127],{"class":66},[52,45295,45296,45298,45300,45302],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45297,119],{"class":118},[52,45299,122],{"class":66},[52,45301,9420],{"class":92},[52,45303,127],{"class":66},[52,45305,45306,45308,45310,45312,45314,45316],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45307,119],{"class":118},[52,45309,122],{"class":66},[52,45311,3340],{"class":3020},[52,45313,122],{"class":66},[52,45315,9420],{"class":92},[52,45317,2150],{"class":66},[20,45319,30140],{},[43,45321,45323],{"className":45,"code":45322,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45324,45325,45335,45339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45326,45327,45330,45332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45328,45329],{"class":58},"Enter your age",[52,45331,152],{"class":66},[52,45333,45334],{"class":70}," 25\n",[52,45336,45337],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45338,2826],{"class":70},[52,45340,45341,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45342,3409],{"class":62},[52,45344,3412],{"class":2187},[52,45346,3415],{"class":188},[52,45348,3564],{"class":192},[52,45350,3420],{"class":188},[52,45352,3423],{"class":62},[20,45354,45355,45356,45358],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45357,9316],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45360,45361,45362,2996,45366,89],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[30,45363,45364],{"href":2992},[15,45365,2995],{},[30,45367,45368],{"href":2999},[15,45369,3002],{},[20,45371,347],{},[43,45373,45375],{"className":45,"code":45374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45376,45377,45400,45410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45378,45379,45381,45383,45386,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45380,21739],{"class":58},[52,45382,63],{"class":62},[52,45384,45385],{"class":3020}," int",[52,45387,122],{"class":66},[52,45389,42571],{"class":118},[52,45391,122],{"class":66},[52,45393,189],{"class":188},[52,45395,45289],{"class":192},[52,45397,189],{"class":188},[52,45399,2150],{"class":66},[52,45401,45402,45404,45406,45408],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45403,119],{"class":118},[52,45405,122],{"class":66},[52,45407,9420],{"class":92},[52,45409,127],{"class":66},[52,45411,45412,45414,45416,45418,45420,45422],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45413,119],{"class":118},[52,45415,122],{"class":66},[52,45417,3340],{"class":3020},[52,45419,122],{"class":66},[52,45421,9420],{"class":92},[52,45423,2150],{"class":66},[20,45425,30140],{},[43,45427,45429],{"className":45,"code":45428,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45430,45431,45439,45443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45432,45433,45435,45437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45434,45329],{"class":58},[52,45436,152],{"class":66},[52,45438,45334],{"class":70},[52,45440,45441],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45442,2826],{"class":70},[52,45444,45445,45447,45449,45451,45453,45455],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45446,3409],{"class":62},[52,45448,3412],{"class":2187},[52,45450,3415],{"class":188},[52,45452,2310],{"class":192},[52,45454,3420],{"class":188},[52,45456,3423],{"class":62},[45025,45458],{},[38,45460,45462],{"id":45461},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1324,45464,45466],{"id":45465},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[43,45468,45470],{"className":45,"code":45469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45471,45472,45491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45473,45474,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45487,45489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45475,7995],{"class":58},[52,45477,63],{"class":62},[52,45479,8362],{"class":118},[52,45481,122],{"class":66},[52,45483,189],{"class":188},[52,45485,45486],{"class":192},"What is your name? ",[52,45488,189],{"class":188},[52,45490,127],{"class":66},[52,45492,45493,45495,45497,45499,45502,45504,45506,45508],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45494,119],{"class":118},[52,45496,122],{"class":66},[52,45498,189],{"class":188},[52,45500,45501],{"class":192},"Hello,",[52,45503,189],{"class":188},[52,45505,74],{"class":66},[52,45507,36101],{"class":92},[52,45509,127],{"class":66},[20,45511,45512,45513,45515],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45514,7786],{}," and prints it.",[1324,45517,45519,45520],{"id":45518},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45521,2995],{},[43,45523,45525],{"className":45,"code":45524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45526,45527,45550],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539,45541,45543,45546,45548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45530,21739],{"class":58},[52,45532,63],{"class":62},[52,45534,45385],{"class":3020},[52,45536,122],{"class":66},[52,45538,42571],{"class":118},[52,45540,122],{"class":66},[52,45542,189],{"class":188},[52,45544,45545],{"class":192},"How old are you? ",[52,45547,189],{"class":188},[52,45549,2150],{"class":66},[52,45551,45552,45554,45556,45558,45561,45563,45565,45568,45570,45572],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45553,119],{"class":118},[52,45555,122],{"class":66},[52,45557,189],{"class":188},[52,45559,45560],{"class":192},"Next year you will be",[52,45562,189],{"class":188},[52,45564,74],{"class":66},[52,45566,45567],{"class":92}," age ",[52,45569,2182],{"class":62},[52,45571,5616],{"class":70},[52,45573,127],{"class":66},[20,45575,6180,45576,45578,45579,45581],{},[15,45577,2995],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45580,3077],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45583,45584,45585,89],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[30,45586,9103],{"href":9102},[1324,45588,45590],{"id":45589},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[43,45592,45594],{"className":45,"code":45593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45595,45596,45620,45644,45658,45662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45597,45598,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45611,45613,45616,45618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45599,45600],{"class":58},"num1 ",[52,45602,63],{"class":62},[52,45604,45385],{"class":3020},[52,45606,122],{"class":66},[52,45608,42571],{"class":118},[52,45610,122],{"class":66},[52,45612,189],{"class":188},[52,45614,45615],{"class":192},"Enter the first number: ",[52,45617,189],{"class":188},[52,45619,2150],{"class":66},[52,45621,45622,45625,45627,45629,45631,45633,45635,45637,45640,45642],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45623,45624],{"class":58},"num2 ",[52,45626,63],{"class":62},[52,45628,45385],{"class":3020},[52,45630,122],{"class":66},[52,45632,42571],{"class":118},[52,45634,122],{"class":66},[52,45636,189],{"class":188},[52,45638,45639],{"class":192},"Enter the second number: ",[52,45641,189],{"class":188},[52,45643,2150],{"class":66},[52,45645,45646,45648,45650,45653,45655],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45647,41290],{"class":58},[52,45649,63],{"class":62},[52,45651,45652],{"class":58}," num1 ",[52,45654,2182],{"class":62},[52,45656,45657],{"class":58}," num2\n",[52,45659,45660],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,45661,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,45663,45664,45666,45668,45670,45673,45675,45677,45680],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,45665,119],{"class":118},[52,45667,122],{"class":66},[52,45669,189],{"class":188},[52,45671,45672],{"class":192},"Total:",[52,45674,189],{"class":188},[52,45676,74],{"class":66},[52,45678,45679],{"class":92}," total",[52,45681,127],{"class":66},[20,45683,30140],{},[43,45685,45687],{"className":45,"code":45686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45688,45689,45699,45708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45690,45691,45694,45696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45692,45693],{"class":58},"Enter the first number",[52,45695,152],{"class":66},[52,45697,45698],{"class":70}," 2\n",[52,45700,45701,45704,45706],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45702,45703],{"class":58},"Enter the second number",[52,45705,152],{"class":66},[52,45707,2695],{"class":70},[52,45709,45710,45713,45715],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45711,45712],{"class":58},"Total",[52,45714,152],{"class":66},[52,45716,34950],{"class":70},[20,45718,45719],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45721,347],{},[43,45723,45725],{"className":45,"code":45724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45726,45727,45745,45763,45767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45728,45729,45731,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45730,45600],{"class":58},[52,45732,63],{"class":62},[52,45734,8362],{"class":118},[52,45736,122],{"class":66},[52,45738,189],{"class":188},[52,45740,45615],{"class":192},[52,45742,189],{"class":188},[52,45744,127],{"class":66},[52,45746,45747,45749,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45748,45624],{"class":58},[52,45750,63],{"class":62},[52,45752,8362],{"class":118},[52,45754,122],{"class":66},[52,45756,189],{"class":188},[52,45758,45639],{"class":192},[52,45760,189],{"class":188},[52,45762,127],{"class":66},[52,45764,45765],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45766,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,45768,45769,45771,45773,45775,45777,45780],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,45770,119],{"class":118},[52,45772,122],{"class":66},[52,45774,45600],{"class":92},[52,45776,2182],{"class":62},[52,45778,45779],{"class":92}," num2",[52,45781,127],{"class":66},[20,45783,30140],{},[43,45785,45787],{"className":45,"code":45786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45788,45789,45797,45805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45790,45791,45793,45795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45792,45693],{"class":58},[52,45794,152],{"class":66},[52,45796,45698],{"class":70},[52,45798,45799,45801,45803],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45800,45703],{"class":58},[52,45802,152],{"class":66},[52,45804,2695],{"class":70},[52,45806,45807],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45808,45809],{"class":70},"23\n",[20,45811,45812,45813,45816,45817,89],{},"That happens because ",[15,45814,45815],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45818,45819],{},"\"23\"",[45025,45821],{},[38,45823,45825],{"id":45824},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45827,45828,45829,89],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45830,3077],{},[1324,45832,4821,45834,41650],{"id":45833},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45835,3077],{},[20,45837,39305],{},[43,45839,45841],{"className":45,"code":45840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45842,45843,45861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45844,45845,45847,45849,45851,45853,45855,45857,45859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45846,2568],{"class":58},[52,45848,63],{"class":62},[52,45850,8362],{"class":118},[52,45852,122],{"class":66},[52,45854,189],{"class":188},[52,45856,41979],{"class":192},[52,45858,189],{"class":188},[52,45860,127],{"class":66},[52,45862,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45864,119],{"class":118},[52,45866,122],{"class":66},[52,45868,3340],{"class":3020},[52,45870,122],{"class":66},[52,45872,2593],{"class":92},[52,45874,2150],{"class":66},[20,45876,2193],{},[43,45878,45880],{"className":45,"code":45879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45881,45882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45883,45884,45886,45888,45890,45892,45894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45885,3409],{"class":62},[52,45887,3412],{"class":2187},[52,45889,3415],{"class":188},[52,45891,3564],{"class":192},[52,45893,3420],{"class":188},[52,45895,3423],{"class":62},[20,45897,45898],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1324,45900,45902],{"id":45901},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45904,45905],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[43,45907,45909],{"className":45,"code":45908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45910,45911,45929,45948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45912,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923,45925,45927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45914,1347],{"class":58},[52,45916,63],{"class":62},[52,45918,8362],{"class":118},[52,45920,122],{"class":66},[52,45922,189],{"class":188},[52,45924,41979],{"class":192},[52,45926,189],{"class":188},[52,45928,127],{"class":66},[52,45930,45931,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941,45944,45946],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,45932,1364],{"class":58},[52,45934,63],{"class":62},[52,45936,8362],{"class":118},[52,45938,122],{"class":66},[52,45940,189],{"class":188},[52,45942,45943],{"class":192},"Enter another number: ",[52,45945,189],{"class":188},[52,45947,127],{"class":66},[52,45949,45950,45952,45954,45956,45958,45960],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45951,119],{"class":118},[52,45953,122],{"class":66},[52,45955,1347],{"class":92},[52,45957,2182],{"class":62},[52,45959,337],{"class":92},[52,45961,127],{"class":66},[20,45963,41228,45964,668,45966,45968,45969,19075,45972,89],{},[15,45965,391],{},[15,45967,1705],{},", the result is ",[15,45970,45971],{},"45",[15,45973,2267],{},[1324,45975,45977,45978,45980,45981],{"id":45976},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45979,40811],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45982,2995],{},[20,45984,347],{},[43,45986,45988],{"className":45,"code":45987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45989,45990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45991,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000,46002,46004,46006,46008,46010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45993,21739],{"class":58},[52,45995,63],{"class":62},[52,45997,45385],{"class":3020},[52,45999,122],{"class":66},[52,46001,42571],{"class":118},[52,46003,122],{"class":66},[52,46005,189],{"class":188},[52,46007,45289],{"class":192},[52,46009,189],{"class":188},[52,46011,2150],{"class":66},[20,46013,8391,46014,46017,46018,89],{},[15,46015,46016],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46019,40811],{},[20,46021,1777,46022,89],{},[30,46023,46025],{"href":46024},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1324,46027,46029],{"id":46028},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46031,46032],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[43,46034,46036],{"className":45,"code":46035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46037,46038,46056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46039,46040,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46041,7995],{"class":58},[52,46043,63],{"class":62},[52,46045,8362],{"class":118},[52,46047,122],{"class":66},[52,46049,189],{"class":188},[52,46051,44995],{"class":192},[52,46053,189],{"class":188},[52,46055,127],{"class":66},[52,46057,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066,46068],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46059,119],{"class":118},[52,46061,122],{"class":66},[52,46063,41887],{"class":118},[52,46065,122],{"class":66},[52,46067,7786],{"class":92},[52,46069,2150],{"class":66},[20,46071,46072],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46074,46075,46076,152],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46077,46078],{},".strip()",[43,46080,46082],{"className":45,"code":46081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46083,46084,46106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46085,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46087,7995],{"class":58},[52,46089,63],{"class":62},[52,46091,8362],{"class":118},[52,46093,122],{"class":66},[52,46095,189],{"class":188},[52,46097,44995],{"class":192},[52,46099,189],{"class":188},[52,46101,8752],{"class":66},[52,46103,8755],{"class":92},[52,46105,8764],{"class":66},[52,46107,46108,46110,46112,46114],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46109,119],{"class":118},[52,46111,122],{"class":66},[52,46113,7786],{"class":92},[52,46115,127],{"class":66},[45025,46117],{},[38,46119,46121],{"id":46120},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46123,46124,46125,46127],{},"These habits make ",[15,46126,3077],{}," easier and safer to use.",[154,46129,46130,46133,46138,46141],{},[157,46131,46132],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[157,46134,137,46135,46137],{},[15,46136,46078],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[157,46139,46140],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[157,46142,137,46143,46145],{},[15,46144,29892],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46147,1104,46148,152],{},[15,46149,46078],{},[43,46151,46153],{"className":45,"code":46152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46154,46155,46179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46156,46157,46160,46162,46164,46166,46168,46171,46173,46175,46177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46158,46159],{"class":58},"city ",[52,46161,63],{"class":62},[52,46163,8362],{"class":118},[52,46165,122],{"class":66},[52,46167,189],{"class":188},[52,46169,46170],{"class":192},"Enter your city: ",[52,46172,189],{"class":188},[52,46174,8752],{"class":66},[52,46176,8755],{"class":92},[52,46178,8764],{"class":66},[52,46180,46181,46183,46185,46187,46190,46192,46194,46196],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46182,119],{"class":118},[52,46184,122],{"class":66},[52,46186,189],{"class":188},[52,46188,46189],{"class":192},"City:",[52,46191,189],{"class":188},[52,46193,74],{"class":66},[52,46195,31494],{"class":92},[52,46197,127],{"class":66},[20,46199,1104,46200,152],{},[15,46201,29892],{},[43,46203,46205],{"className":45,"code":46204,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46206,46207,46213,46236,46268,46276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46208,46209,46211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46210,29914],{"class":3996},[52,46212,6514],{"class":66},[52,46214,46215,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46216,46217],{"class":58},"    age ",[52,46219,63],{"class":62},[52,46221,45385],{"class":3020},[52,46223,122],{"class":66},[52,46225,42571],{"class":118},[52,46227,122],{"class":66},[52,46229,189],{"class":188},[52,46231,45289],{"class":192},[52,46233,189],{"class":188},[52,46235,2150],{"class":66},[52,46237,46238,46240,46242,46244,46247,46249,46251,46253,46255,46257,46259,46261,46264,46266],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46239,8188],{"class":118},[52,46241,122],{"class":66},[52,46243,189],{"class":188},[52,46245,46246],{"class":192},"You will be",[52,46248,189],{"class":188},[52,46250,74],{"class":66},[52,46252,45567],{"class":92},[52,46254,2182],{"class":62},[52,46256,5616],{"class":70},[52,46258,74],{"class":66},[52,46260,200],{"class":188},[52,46262,46263],{"class":192},"next year",[52,46265,189],{"class":188},[52,46267,127],{"class":66},[52,46269,46270,46272,46274],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,46271,29945],{"class":3996},[52,46273,42034],{"class":3020},[52,46275,6514],{"class":66},[52,46277,46278,46280,46282,46284,46287,46289],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,46279,8188],{"class":118},[52,46281,122],{"class":66},[52,46283,189],{"class":188},[52,46285,46286],{"class":192},"Please enter a whole number.",[52,46288,189],{"class":188},[52,46290,127],{"class":66},[20,46292,46293],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46295,46296,46297,89],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[30,46298,46300],{"href":46299},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45025,46302],{},[38,46304,2948],{"id":2947},[20,46306,46307,46308,152],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46309,3077],{},[154,46311,46312,46319,46322,46325],{},[157,46313,46314,46315,2996,46317],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46316,2995],{},[15,46318,3002],{},[157,46320,46321],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[157,46323,46324],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[157,46326,46327],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46329,32192],{},[43,46331,46333],{"className":45,"code":46332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46334,46335,46345,46359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46336,46337,46339,46341,46343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46338,119],{"class":118},[52,46340,122],{"class":66},[52,46342,2593],{"class":92},[52,46344,127],{"class":66},[52,46346,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46348,119],{"class":118},[52,46350,122],{"class":66},[52,46352,3340],{"class":3020},[52,46354,122],{"class":66},[52,46356,2593],{"class":92},[52,46358,2150],{"class":66},[52,46360,46361,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46362,119],{"class":118},[52,46364,122],{"class":66},[52,46366,41887],{"class":118},[52,46368,122],{"class":66},[52,46370,2593],{"class":92},[52,46372,2150],{"class":66},[20,46374,46375,46376,46378],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46377,3077],{}," actually returned:",[154,46380,46381,46386,46391],{},[157,46382,46383,46385],{},[15,46384,41935],{}," shows the value",[157,46387,46388,46390],{},[15,46389,41941],{}," shows the data type",[157,46392,46393,46395],{},[15,46394,41946],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46397,347],{},[43,46399,46401],{"className":45,"code":46400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46402,46403,46422,46432,46446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46404,46405,46407,46409,46411,46413,46415,46418,46420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46406,2568],{"class":58},[52,46408,63],{"class":62},[52,46410,8362],{"class":118},[52,46412,122],{"class":66},[52,46414,189],{"class":188},[52,46416,46417],{"class":192},"Enter something: ",[52,46419,189],{"class":188},[52,46421,127],{"class":66},[52,46423,46424,46426,46428,46430],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46425,119],{"class":118},[52,46427,122],{"class":66},[52,46429,2593],{"class":92},[52,46431,127],{"class":66},[52,46433,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46435,119],{"class":118},[52,46437,122],{"class":66},[52,46439,3340],{"class":3020},[52,46441,122],{"class":66},[52,46443,2593],{"class":92},[52,46445,2150],{"class":66},[52,46447,46448,46450,46452,46454,46456,46458],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,46449,119],{"class":118},[52,46451,122],{"class":66},[52,46453,41887],{"class":118},[52,46455,122],{"class":66},[52,46457,2593],{"class":92},[52,46459,2150],{"class":66},[45025,46461],{},[38,46463,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,46465,1937,46467,46469],{"id":46466},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46468,3077],{}," return an integer?",[20,46471,46472,46473,46475,46476,40036],{},"No. ",[15,46474,3077],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46477,2995],{},[1324,46479,46481,46482,1964],{"id":46480},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46483,3077],{},[20,46485,46486,46487,46489],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46488,3077],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1324,46491,5276,46493,46496,46497,1964],{"id":46492},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46494,46495],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46498,3077],{},[20,46500,29171,46501,46503,46504,42263,46506,46508],{},[15,46502,3077],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46505,45815],{},[15,46507,45819],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1324,46510,46512],{"id":46511},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46514,137,46515,46517,46518,89],{},[15,46516,46078],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46519,46520],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45025,46522],{},[38,46524,1996],{"id":1995},[154,46526,46527,46532,46536,46542,46548,46552],{},[157,46528,46529],{},[30,46530,46531],{"href":46299},"How to get user input in Python",[157,46533,46534],{},[30,46535,9180],{"href":9102},[157,46537,46538],{},[30,46539,3697,46540,3630],{"href":2992},[15,46541,2995],{},[157,46543,46544],{},[30,46545,3697,46546,3630],{"href":2999},[15,46547,3002],{},[157,46549,46550],{},[30,46551,46025],{"href":46024},[157,46553,46554],{},[30,46555,3697,46557,3630],{"href":46556},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46558,46559],{},"print()",[2044,46561,46562],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":46564},[46565,46566,46568,46569,46571,46577,46585,46586,46587,46596],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":45029,"depth":83,"text":46567},"What input() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":45258,"depth":83,"text":46570},"What input() returns",{"id":45461,"depth":83,"text":45462,"children":46572},[46573,46574,46576],{"id":45465,"depth":115,"text":45466},{"id":45518,"depth":115,"text":46575},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45589,"depth":115,"text":45590},{"id":45824,"depth":83,"text":45825,"children":46578},[46579,46581,46582,46584],{"id":45833,"depth":115,"text":46580},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45901,"depth":115,"text":45902},{"id":45976,"depth":115,"text":46583},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46028,"depth":115,"text":46029},{"id":46120,"depth":83,"text":46121},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":46588},[46589,46591,46593,46595],{"id":46466,"depth":115,"text":46590},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46480,"depth":115,"text":46592},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46492,"depth":115,"text":46594},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46511,"depth":115,"text":46512},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42302,"description":46597},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46604,"title":42204,"body":46605,"description":48918,"extension":2083,"meta":48919,"navigation":240,"path":48920,"seo":48921,"stem":48922,"__hash__":48923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46606,"toc":48870},[46607,46612,46617,46622,46643,46646,46648,46708,46710,46729,46734,46739,46744,46746,46759,46761,46844,46846,46887,46893,46895,46925,46931,46934,46951,46953,47005,47007,47025,47031,47037,47040,47058,47060,47133,47135,47154,47161,47167,47172,47175,47235,47237,47256,47259,47262,47277,47283,47287,47348,47350,47371,47375,47504,47506,47636,47646,47652,47658,47666,47732,47734,47759,47762,47779,47792,47798,47801,47834,47836,47849,47852,47895,47897,47905,47912,47916,47923,47927,47954,47956,47964,47970,47987,47992,47996,48023,48025,48033,48037,48042,48045,48071,48074,48083,48091,48095,48105,48109,48112,48114,48165,48167,48197,48207,48234,48236,48244,48254,48258,48261,48263,48311,48313,48357,48363,48414,48416,48435,48440,48445,48448,48467,48470,48522,48524,48533,48535,48539,48543,48546,48555,48562,48564,48591,48595,48597,48606,48609,48616,48622,48682,48686,48688,48696,48699,48725,48731,48734,48754,48756,48765,48773,48775,48781,48786,48793,48803,48809,48817,48821,48824,48826,48867],[10,46608,3697,46610,3701],{"id":46609},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46611,2995],{},[20,46613,32424,46614,46616],{},[15,46615,2995],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46618,35514,46619,46621],{},[15,46620,2995],{}," when they want to:",[154,46623,46624,46634,46637,46640],{},[157,46625,46626,46627,46630,46631],{},"turn text like ",[15,46628,46629],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46632,46633],{},"42",[157,46635,46636],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[157,46638,46639],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[157,46641,46642],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46644,46645],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[38,46647,2125],{"id":2124},[43,46649,46651],{"className":45,"code":46650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46652,46653,46671,46685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46654,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46656,119],{"class":118},[52,46658,122],{"class":66},[52,46660,2310],{"class":3020},[52,46662,122],{"class":66},[52,46664,189],{"class":188},[52,46666,46633],{"class":192},[52,46668,189],{"class":188},[52,46670,2150],{"class":66},[52,46672,46673,46675,46677,46679,46681,46683],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46674,119],{"class":118},[52,46676,122],{"class":66},[52,46678,2310],{"class":3020},[52,46680,122],{"class":66},[52,46682,42092],{"class":70},[52,46684,2150],{"class":66},[52,46686,46687,46689,46691,46693,46695,46697,46700,46702,46704,46706],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46688,119],{"class":118},[52,46690,122],{"class":66},[52,46692,2310],{"class":3020},[52,46694,122],{"class":66},[52,46696,189],{"class":188},[52,46698,46699],{"class":192},"101",[52,46701,189],{"class":188},[52,46703,74],{"class":66},[52,46705,77],{"class":70},[52,46707,2150],{"class":66},[20,46709,2193],{},[43,46711,46713],{"className":45,"code":46712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46714,46715,46720,46725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46716,46717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46718,46719],{"class":70},"42\n",[52,46721,46722],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46723,46724],{"class":70},"3\n",[52,46726,46727],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46728,3066],{"class":70},[20,46730,137,46731,46733],{},[15,46732,2995],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[38,46735,144,46737,147],{"id":46736},"what-int-does",[15,46738,2995],{},[20,46740,46741,46743],{},[15,46742,2995],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46745,13169],{},[154,46747,46748,46753,46756],{},[157,46749,46750,46751,7457],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46752,2310],{},[157,46754,46755],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[157,46757,46758],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46760,347],{},[43,46762,46764],{"className":45,"code":46763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46765,46766,46778,46792,46796,46806,46816,46830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46767,46768,46770,46772,46774,46776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46769,34795],{"class":58},[52,46771,63],{"class":62},[52,46773,200],{"class":188},[52,46775,9316],{"class":192},[52,46777,3479],{"class":188},[52,46779,46780,46782,46784,46786,46788,46790],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46781,2339],{"class":58},[52,46783,63],{"class":62},[52,46785,45385],{"class":3020},[52,46787,122],{"class":66},[52,46789,34816],{"class":92},[52,46791,127],{"class":66},[52,46793,46794],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46795,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,46797,46798,46800,46802,46804],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,46799,119],{"class":118},[52,46801,122],{"class":66},[52,46803,34816],{"class":92},[52,46805,127],{"class":66},[52,46807,46808,46810,46812,46814],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,46809,119],{"class":118},[52,46811,122],{"class":66},[52,46813,2361],{"class":92},[52,46815,127],{"class":66},[52,46817,46818,46820,46822,46824,46826,46828],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,46819,119],{"class":118},[52,46821,122],{"class":66},[52,46823,3340],{"class":3020},[52,46825,122],{"class":66},[52,46827,34816],{"class":92},[52,46829,2150],{"class":66},[52,46831,46832,46834,46836,46838,46840,46842],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,46833,119],{"class":118},[52,46835,122],{"class":66},[52,46837,3340],{"class":3020},[52,46839,122],{"class":66},[52,46841,2361],{"class":92},[52,46843,2150],{"class":66},[20,46845,2193],{},[43,46847,46849],{"className":45,"code":46848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46850,46851,46855,46859,46873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46852,46853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46854,2826],{"class":70},[52,46856,46857],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46858,2826],{"class":70},[52,46860,46861,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46862,3409],{"class":62},[52,46864,3412],{"class":2187},[52,46866,3415],{"class":188},[52,46868,3564],{"class":192},[52,46870,3420],{"class":188},[52,46872,3423],{"class":62},[52,46874,46875,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,46876,3409],{"class":62},[52,46878,3412],{"class":2187},[52,46880,3415],{"class":188},[52,46882,2310],{"class":192},[52,46884,3420],{"class":188},[52,46886,3423],{"class":62},[20,46888,46889,46890,46892],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46891,2995],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[38,46894,268],{"id":267},[43,46896,46898],{"className":45,"code":46897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46899,46900,46910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46901,46902,46904,46906,46908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46903,2310],{"class":3020},[52,46905,122],{"class":66},[52,46907,930],{"class":92},[52,46909,127],{"class":66},[52,46911,46912,46914,46916,46918,46920,46923],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46913,2310],{"class":3020},[52,46915,122],{"class":66},[52,46917,930],{"class":92},[52,46919,74],{"class":66},[52,46921,46922],{"class":92}," base",[52,46924,127],{"class":66},[1324,46926,46928],{"id":46927},"intx",[15,46929,46930],{},"int(x)",[20,46932,46933],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[154,46935,46936,46941,46946],{},[157,46937,46938,46939],{},"a string such as ",[15,46940,42234],{},[157,46942,46943,46944],{},"a float such as ",[15,46945,42092],{},[157,46947,46948,46949],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46950,3726],{},[20,46952,347],{},[43,46954,46956],{"className":45,"code":46955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46957,46958,46976,46991],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46959,46960,46962,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46961,119],{"class":118},[52,46963,122],{"class":66},[52,46965,2310],{"class":3020},[52,46967,122],{"class":66},[52,46969,189],{"class":188},[52,46971,2452],{"class":192},[52,46973,189],{"class":188},[52,46975,2150],{"class":66},[52,46977,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46989],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,46979,119],{"class":118},[52,46981,122],{"class":66},[52,46983,2310],{"class":3020},[52,46985,122],{"class":66},[52,46987,46988],{"class":70},"8.7",[52,46990,2150],{"class":66},[52,46992,46993,46995,46997,46999,47001,47003],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46994,119],{"class":118},[52,46996,122],{"class":66},[52,46998,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47000,122],{"class":66},[52,47002,3726],{"class":3971},[52,47004,2150],{"class":66},[20,47006,2193],{},[43,47008,47010],{"className":45,"code":47009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47011,47012,47016,47020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47013,47014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47015,2498],{"class":70},[52,47017,47018],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47019,2503],{"class":70},[52,47021,47022],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47023,47024],{"class":70},"1\n",[1324,47026,47028],{"id":47027},"intx-base",[15,47029,47030],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47032,47033,47034,47036],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47035,930],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47038,47039],{},"Common bases:",[154,47041,47042,47047,47052],{},[157,47043,47044,47046],{},[15,47045,99],{}," for binary",[157,47048,47049,47051],{},[15,47050,2467],{}," for octal",[157,47053,47054,47057],{},[15,47055,47056],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47059,347],{},[43,47061,47063],{"className":45,"code":47062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47064,47065,47087,47110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47066,47067,47069,47071,47073,47075,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47068,119],{"class":118},[52,47070,122],{"class":66},[52,47072,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47074,122],{"class":66},[52,47076,189],{"class":188},[52,47078,46699],{"class":192},[52,47080,189],{"class":188},[52,47082,74],{"class":66},[52,47084,77],{"class":70},[52,47086,2150],{"class":66},[52,47088,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47102,47104,47106,47108],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47090,119],{"class":118},[52,47092,122],{"class":66},[52,47094,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47096,122],{"class":66},[52,47098,189],{"class":188},[52,47100,47101],{"class":192},"17",[52,47103,189],{"class":188},[52,47105,74],{"class":66},[52,47107,6480],{"class":70},[52,47109,2150],{"class":66},[52,47111,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47125,47127,47129,47131],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47113,119],{"class":118},[52,47115,122],{"class":66},[52,47117,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47119,122],{"class":66},[52,47121,189],{"class":188},[52,47123,47124],{"class":192},"1A",[52,47126,189],{"class":188},[52,47128,74],{"class":66},[52,47130,14103],{"class":70},[52,47132,2150],{"class":66},[20,47134,2193],{},[43,47136,47138],{"className":45,"code":47137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47139,47140,47144,47149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47141,47142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47143,3066],{"class":70},[52,47145,47146],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47147,47148],{"class":70},"15\n",[52,47150,47151],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47152,47153],{"class":70},"26\n",[20,47155,47156,47157,89],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[30,47158,47159,2424],{"href":2999},[15,47160,3002],{},[38,47162,8538,47164,47166],{"id":47163},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47165,2995],{}," with strings",[20,47168,47169,47171],{},[15,47170,2995],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47173,47174],{},"Examples that work:",[43,47176,47178],{"className":45,"code":47177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47179,47180,47198,47216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47181,47182,47184,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47183,119],{"class":118},[52,47185,122],{"class":66},[52,47187,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47189,122],{"class":66},[52,47191,189],{"class":188},[52,47193,1705],{"class":192},[52,47195,189],{"class":188},[52,47197,2150],{"class":66},[52,47199,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47201,119],{"class":118},[52,47203,122],{"class":66},[52,47205,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47207,122],{"class":66},[52,47209,189],{"class":188},[52,47211,2413],{"class":192},[52,47213,189],{"class":188},[52,47215,2150],{"class":66},[52,47217,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47231,47233],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47219,119],{"class":118},[52,47221,122],{"class":66},[52,47223,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47225,122],{"class":66},[52,47227,189],{"class":188},[52,47229,47230],{"class":192},"  42  ",[52,47232,189],{"class":188},[52,47234,2150],{"class":66},[20,47236,2193],{},[43,47238,47240],{"className":45,"code":47239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47241,47242,47246,47252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47243,47244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47245,3066],{"class":70},[52,47247,47248,47250],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47249,2144],{"class":62},[52,47251,2347],{"class":70},[52,47253,47254],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47255,46719],{"class":70},[20,47257,47258],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47260,47261],{},"Examples that fail:",[43,47263,47265],{"className":45,"code":47264,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47266,47267,47272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47268,47269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47270,47271],{"class":133},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[52,47273,47274],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47275,47276],{"class":133},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47278,47279,47280,47282],{},"These raise ",[15,47281,40811],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1324,47284,47286],{"id":47285},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[43,47288,47290],{"className":45,"code":47289,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47291,47292,47310,47329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47293,47294,47296,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47295,119],{"class":118},[52,47297,122],{"class":66},[52,47299,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47301,122],{"class":66},[52,47303,189],{"class":188},[52,47305,2243],{"class":192},[52,47307,189],{"class":188},[52,47309,2150],{"class":66},[52,47311,47312,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322,47325,47327],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47313,119],{"class":118},[52,47315,122],{"class":66},[52,47317,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47319,122],{"class":66},[52,47321,189],{"class":188},[52,47323,47324],{"class":192},"+7",[52,47326,189],{"class":188},[52,47328,2150],{"class":66},[52,47330,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47344,47346],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47332,119],{"class":118},[52,47334,122],{"class":66},[52,47336,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47338,122],{"class":66},[52,47340,189],{"class":188},[52,47342,47343],{"class":192},"-100",[52,47345,189],{"class":188},[52,47347,2150],{"class":66},[20,47349,2193],{},[43,47351,47353],{"className":45,"code":47352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47354,47355,47360,47364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47356,47357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47358,47359],{"class":70},"0\n",[52,47361,47362],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47363,2203],{"class":70},[52,47365,47366,47368],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47367,2144],{"class":62},[52,47369,47370],{"class":70},"100\n",[1324,47372,47374],{"id":47373},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[43,47376,47378],{"className":45,"code":47377,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47379,47380,47418,47422,47434,47441,47456,47471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47381,47382,47384,47386,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396,47398,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411,47414,47416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47383,357],{"class":58},[52,47385,63],{"class":62},[52,47387,3743],{"class":66},[52,47389,189],{"class":188},[52,47391,40250],{"class":192},[52,47393,189],{"class":188},[52,47395,74],{"class":66},[52,47397,200],{"class":188},[52,47399,47400],{"class":192},"12abc",[52,47402,189],{"class":188},[52,47404,74],{"class":66},[52,47406,6246],{"class":188},[52,47408,74],{"class":66},[52,47410,200],{"class":188},[52,47412,47413],{"class":192},"seven",[52,47415,189],{"class":188},[52,47417,3756],{"class":66},[52,47419,47420],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47421,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,47423,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47425,6077],{"class":3996},[52,47427,21695],{"class":58},[52,47429,4003],{"class":3996},[52,47431,4006],{"class":58},[52,47433,6514],{"class":66},[52,47435,47436,47439],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,47437,47438],{"class":3996},"    try",[52,47440,6514],{"class":66},[52,47442,47443,47446,47448,47450,47452,47454],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,47444,47445],{"class":118},"        print",[52,47447,122],{"class":66},[52,47449,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47451,122],{"class":66},[52,47453,2593],{"class":92},[52,47455,2150],{"class":66},[52,47457,47458,47461,47463,47466,47469],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,47459,47460],{"class":3996},"    except",[52,47462,42034],{"class":3020},[52,47464,47465],{"class":3996}," as",[52,47467,47468],{"class":58}," error",[52,47470,6514],{"class":66},[52,47472,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485,47488,47490,47493,47495,47498,47500,47502],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,47474,47445],{"class":118},[52,47476,122],{"class":66},[52,47478,22403],{"class":2187},[52,47480,189],{"class":192},[52,47482,9399],{"class":70},[52,47484,2593],{"class":92},[52,47486,47487],{"class":2187},"!r",[52,47489,22412],{"class":70},[52,47491,47492],{"class":192}," -> ",[52,47494,9399],{"class":70},[52,47496,47497],{"class":92},"error",[52,47499,22412],{"class":70},[52,47501,189],{"class":192},[52,47503,127],{"class":66},[20,47505,2193],{},[43,47507,47509],{"className":45,"code":47508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47510,47511,47547,47579,47604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47512,47513,47515,47517,47519,47522,47525,47527,47529,47531,47534,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47514,3420],{"class":43437},[52,47516,40250],{"class":43441},[52,47518,3420],{"class":43437},[52,47520,47521],{"class":37473}," ->",[52,47523,47524],{"class":58}," invalid literal ",[52,47526,6077],{"class":3996},[52,47528,45385],{"class":3020},[52,47530,7483],{"class":66},[52,47532,47533],{"class":3996}," with",[52,47535,47536],{"class":58}," base ",[52,47538,2452],{"class":70},[52,47540,152],{"class":66},[52,47542,3415],{"class":188},[52,47544,40250],{"class":192},[52,47546,29810],{"class":188},[52,47548,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47550,3420],{"class":188},[52,47552,47400],{"class":192},[52,47554,3420],{"class":188},[52,47556,47521],{"class":37473},[52,47558,47524],{"class":58},[52,47560,6077],{"class":3996},[52,47562,45385],{"class":3020},[52,47564,7483],{"class":66},[52,47566,47533],{"class":3996},[52,47568,47536],{"class":58},[52,47570,2452],{"class":70},[52,47572,152],{"class":66},[52,47574,3415],{"class":188},[52,47576,47400],{"class":192},[52,47578,29810],{"class":188},[52,47580,47581,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47582,3893],{"class":188},[52,47584,47521],{"class":37473},[52,47586,47524],{"class":58},[52,47588,6077],{"class":3996},[52,47590,45385],{"class":3020},[52,47592,7483],{"class":66},[52,47594,47533],{"class":3996},[52,47596,47536],{"class":58},[52,47598,2452],{"class":70},[52,47600,152],{"class":66},[52,47602,47603],{"class":188}," ''\n",[52,47605,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630,47632,47634],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,47607,3420],{"class":188},[52,47609,47413],{"class":192},[52,47611,3420],{"class":188},[52,47613,47521],{"class":37473},[52,47615,47524],{"class":58},[52,47617,6077],{"class":3996},[52,47619,45385],{"class":3020},[52,47621,7483],{"class":66},[52,47623,47533],{"class":3996},[52,47625,47536],{"class":58},[52,47627,2452],{"class":70},[52,47629,152],{"class":66},[52,47631,3415],{"class":188},[52,47633,47413],{"class":192},[52,47635,29810],{"class":188},[20,47637,47638,47639,47641,47642,89],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[30,47640,9103],{"href":9102}," and the ",[30,47643,47644,2424],{"href":8339},[15,47645,3077],{},[38,47647,8538,47649,47651],{"id":47648},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47650,2995],{}," with floats",[20,47653,47654,47655,47657],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47656,2995],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47659,47660,47661,982,47663,47665],{},"Important: ",[15,47662,2995],{},[984,47664,986],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[43,47667,47669],{"className":45,"code":47668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47670,47671,47685,47700,47716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47672,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47674,119],{"class":118},[52,47676,122],{"class":66},[52,47678,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47680,122],{"class":66},[52,47682,42092],{"class":70},[52,47684,2150],{"class":66},[52,47686,47687,47689,47691,47693,47695,47698],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47688,119],{"class":118},[52,47690,122],{"class":66},[52,47692,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47694,122],{"class":66},[52,47696,47697],{"class":70},"3.1",[52,47699,2150],{"class":66},[52,47701,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47703,119],{"class":118},[52,47705,122],{"class":66},[52,47707,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47709,122],{"class":66},[52,47711,2144],{"class":62},[52,47713,42092],{"class":70},[52,47715,2150],{"class":66},[52,47717,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,47719,119],{"class":118},[52,47721,122],{"class":66},[52,47723,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47725,122],{"class":66},[52,47727,2144],{"class":62},[52,47729,47697],{"class":70},[52,47731,2150],{"class":66},[20,47733,2193],{},[43,47735,47737],{"className":45,"code":47736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47738,47739,47743,47747,47753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47740,47741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47742,46724],{"class":70},[52,47744,47745],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47746,46724],{"class":70},[52,47748,47749,47751],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47750,2144],{"class":62},[52,47752,46724],{"class":70},[52,47754,47755,47757],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,47756,2144],{"class":62},[52,47758,46724],{"class":70},[20,47760,47761],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[154,47763,47764,47771],{},[157,47765,47766,42263,47769],{},[15,47767,47768],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47770,488],{},[157,47772,47773,42263,47776],{},[15,47774,47775],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47777,47778],{},"-3",[20,47780,47781,47782,47786,47787,89],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[30,47783,47784],{"href":2999},[15,47785,3002],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[30,47788,47789],{"href":42283},[15,47790,47791],{},"str()",[38,47793,8538,47795,47797],{"id":47794},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47796,2995],{}," with booleans",[20,47799,47800],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[43,47802,47804],{"className":45,"code":47803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47805,47806,47820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47807,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816,47818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47809,119],{"class":118},[52,47811,122],{"class":66},[52,47813,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47815,122],{"class":66},[52,47817,3726],{"class":3971},[52,47819,2150],{"class":66},[52,47821,47822,47824,47826,47828,47830,47832],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47823,119],{"class":118},[52,47825,122],{"class":66},[52,47827,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47829,122],{"class":66},[52,47831,3795],{"class":3971},[52,47833,2150],{"class":66},[20,47835,2193],{},[43,47837,47839],{"className":45,"code":47838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n0\n",[15,47840,47841,47845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47842,47843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47844,47024],{"class":70},[52,47846,47847],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47848,47359],{"class":70},[20,47850,47851],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[43,47853,47855],{"className":45,"code":47854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47856,47857,47866,47881,47885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47858,47859,47862,47864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47860,47861],{"class":58},"passed ",[52,47863,63],{"class":62},[52,47865,6543],{"class":3971},[52,47867,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876,47879],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,47869,41290],{"class":58},[52,47871,63],{"class":62},[52,47873,45385],{"class":3020},[52,47875,122],{"class":66},[52,47877,47878],{"class":92},"passed",[52,47880,127],{"class":66},[52,47882,47883],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47884,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,47886,47887,47889,47891,47893],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,47888,119],{"class":118},[52,47890,122],{"class":66},[52,47892,41319],{"class":92},[52,47894,127],{"class":66},[20,47896,2193],{},[43,47898,47899],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47900,47901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47902,47903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47904,47024],{"class":70},[20,47906,47907,47908,89],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[30,47909,47910,2424],{"href":5899},[15,47911,3932],{},[38,47913,47915],{"id":47914},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47917,47918,47919,47922],{},"Use the ",[15,47920,47921],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1324,47924,47926],{"id":47925},"binary-example","Binary example",[43,47928,47930],{"className":45,"code":47929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47931,47932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47933,47934,47936,47938,47940,47942,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47935,119],{"class":118},[52,47937,122],{"class":66},[52,47939,2310],{"class":3020},[52,47941,122],{"class":66},[52,47943,189],{"class":188},[52,47945,46699],{"class":192},[52,47947,189],{"class":188},[52,47949,74],{"class":66},[52,47951,77],{"class":70},[52,47953,2150],{"class":66},[20,47955,2193],{},[43,47957,47958],{"className":45,"code":3066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47959,47960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47961,47962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47963,3066],{"class":70},[20,47965,47966,47969],{},[15,47967,47968],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[154,47971,47972,47977,47982],{},[157,47973,47974],{},[15,47975,47976],{},"1 × 4",[157,47978,47979],{},[15,47980,47981],{},"0 × 2",[157,47983,47984],{},[15,47985,47986],{},"1 × 1",[20,47988,47989,47990,89],{},"So the result is ",[15,47991,1705],{},[1324,47993,47995],{"id":47994},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[43,47997,47999],{"className":45,"code":47998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48000,48001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48002,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015,48017,48019,48021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48004,119],{"class":118},[52,48006,122],{"class":66},[52,48008,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48010,122],{"class":66},[52,48012,189],{"class":188},[52,48014,47124],{"class":192},[52,48016,189],{"class":188},[52,48018,74],{"class":66},[52,48020,14103],{"class":70},[52,48022,2150],{"class":66},[20,48024,2193],{},[43,48026,48027],{"className":45,"code":47153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48028,48029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48030,48031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48032,47153],{"class":70},[1324,48034,48036],{"id":48035},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48038,2100,48039,48041],{},[15,48040,47921],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48043,48044],{},"Good:",[43,48046,48047],{"className":45,"code":47929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48048,48049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48050,48051,48053,48055,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067,48069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48052,119],{"class":118},[52,48054,122],{"class":66},[52,48056,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48058,122],{"class":66},[52,48060,189],{"class":188},[52,48062,46699],{"class":192},[52,48064,189],{"class":188},[52,48066,74],{"class":66},[52,48068,77],{"class":70},[52,48070,2150],{"class":66},[20,48072,48073],{},"Not correct:",[43,48075,48077],{"className":45,"code":48076,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48078,48079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48080,48081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48082,48076],{"class":133},[20,48084,48085,48086,1714,48088,48090],{},"That causes a ",[15,48087,1713],{},[15,48089,47921],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[38,48092,48094],{"id":48093},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48096,48097,48098,48100,48101,668,48103,89],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48099,2995],{}," are ",[15,48102,40811],{},[15,48104,1713],{},[1324,48106,48107],{"id":41621},[15,48108,40811],{},[20,48110,48111],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48113,347],{},[43,48115,48117],{"className":45,"code":48116,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48118,48119,48125,48143,48155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48120,48121,48123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48122,29914],{"class":3996},[52,48124,6514],{"class":66},[52,48126,48127,48129,48131,48133,48135,48137,48139,48141],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,48128,8188],{"class":118},[52,48130,122],{"class":66},[52,48132,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48134,122],{"class":66},[52,48136,189],{"class":188},[52,48138,40250],{"class":192},[52,48140,189],{"class":188},[52,48142,2150],{"class":66},[52,48144,48145,48147,48149,48151,48153],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48146,29945],{"class":3996},[52,48148,42034],{"class":3020},[52,48150,47465],{"class":3996},[52,48152,47468],{"class":58},[52,48154,6514],{"class":66},[52,48156,48157,48159,48161,48163],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,48158,8188],{"class":118},[52,48160,122],{"class":66},[52,48162,47497],{"class":92},[52,48164,127],{"class":66},[20,48166,2193],{},[43,48168,48170],{"className":45,"code":48169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48171,48172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48173,48174,48177,48179,48181,48183,48185,48187,48189,48191,48193,48195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48175,48176],{"class":58},"invalid literal ",[52,48178,6077],{"class":3996},[52,48180,45385],{"class":3020},[52,48182,7483],{"class":66},[52,48184,47533],{"class":3996},[52,48186,47536],{"class":58},[52,48188,2452],{"class":70},[52,48190,152],{"class":66},[52,48192,3415],{"class":188},[52,48194,40250],{"class":192},[52,48196,29810],{"class":188},[20,48198,48199,48200,48203,48204,48206],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48201,48202],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48205,2995],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[43,48208,48210],{"className":45,"code":48209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48211,48212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48213,48214,48216,48218,48220,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48215,119],{"class":118},[52,48217,122],{"class":66},[52,48219,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48221,122],{"class":66},[52,48223,2314],{"class":3020},[52,48225,122],{"class":66},[52,48227,189],{"class":188},[52,48229,40250],{"class":192},[52,48231,189],{"class":188},[52,48233,3031],{"class":66},[20,48235,2193],{},[43,48237,48238],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48239,48240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48241,48242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48243,46724],{"class":70},[20,48245,48246,48247,668,48250,89],{},"If you see this often, read ",[30,48248,48249],{"href":3081},"how to convert string to int in Python",[30,48251,1781,48252],{"href":46024},[15,48253,46025],{},[1324,48255,48256],{"id":41687},[15,48257,1713],{},[20,48259,48260],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48262,347],{},[43,48264,48266],{"className":45,"code":48265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48267,48268,48274,48288,48301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48269,48270,48272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48271,29914],{"class":3996},[52,48273,6514],{"class":66},[52,48275,48276,48278,48280,48282,48284,48286],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,48277,8188],{"class":118},[52,48279,122],{"class":66},[52,48281,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48283,122],{"class":66},[52,48285,445],{"class":3971},[52,48287,2150],{"class":66},[52,48289,48290,48292,48295,48297,48299],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48291,29945],{"class":3996},[52,48293,48294],{"class":3020}," TypeError",[52,48296,47465],{"class":3996},[52,48298,47468],{"class":58},[52,48300,6514],{"class":66},[52,48302,48303,48305,48307,48309],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,48304,8188],{"class":118},[52,48306,122],{"class":66},[52,48308,47497],{"class":92},[52,48310,127],{"class":66},[20,48312,2193],{},[43,48314,48316],{"className":45,"code":48315,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48317,48318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48319,48320,48322,48324,48327,48329,48331,48334,48336,48339,48341,48344,48346,48348,48350,48352,48355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48321,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48323,7483],{"class":66},[52,48325,48326],{"class":58}," argument must be a string",[52,48328,74],{"class":66},[52,48330,44654],{"class":58},[52,48332,48333],{"class":3020},"bytes",[52,48335,2144],{"class":62},[52,48337,48338],{"class":58},"like ",[52,48340,42507],{"class":3020},[52,48342,48343],{"class":62}," or",[52,48345,40947],{"class":58},[52,48347,74],{"class":66},[52,48349,8219],{"class":62},[52,48351,3415],{"class":188},[52,48353,48354],{"class":192},"NoneType",[52,48356,29810],{"class":188},[20,48358,48359,48360,48362],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48361,47921],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[43,48364,48366],{"className":45,"code":48365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48367,48368,48374,48392,48404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48369,48370,48372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48371,29914],{"class":3996},[52,48373,6514],{"class":66},[52,48375,48376,48378,48380,48382,48384,48386,48388,48390],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,48377,8188],{"class":118},[52,48379,122],{"class":66},[52,48381,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48383,122],{"class":66},[52,48385,46699],{"class":70},[52,48387,74],{"class":66},[52,48389,77],{"class":70},[52,48391,2150],{"class":66},[52,48393,48394,48396,48398,48400,48402],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48395,29945],{"class":3996},[52,48397,48294],{"class":3020},[52,48399,47465],{"class":3996},[52,48401,47468],{"class":58},[52,48403,6514],{"class":66},[52,48405,48406,48408,48410,48412],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,48407,8188],{"class":118},[52,48409,122],{"class":66},[52,48411,47497],{"class":92},[52,48413,127],{"class":66},[20,48415,2193],{},[43,48417,48419],{"className":45,"code":48418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48420,48421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48422,48423,48425,48427,48430,48432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48424,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48426,7483],{"class":66},[52,48428,48429],{"class":58}," can",[52,48431,3420],{"class":188},[52,48433,48434],{"class":192},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[38,48436,5078,48438],{"id":48437},"when-to-use-int",[15,48439,2995],{},[20,48441,137,48442,48444],{},[15,48443,2995],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48446,48447],{},"Common uses:",[154,48449,48450,48456,48459,48462],{},[157,48451,48452,48453,48455],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48454,3077],{}," into integers",[157,48457,48458],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[157,48460,48461],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[157,48463,48464,48465,36722],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48466,47921],{},[20,48468,48469],{},"Example with user input:",[43,48471,48473],{"className":45,"code":48472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48474,48475,48489,48504,48508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48476,48477,48480,48482,48484,48487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48478,48479],{"class":58},"age_text ",[52,48481,63],{"class":62},[52,48483,200],{"class":188},[52,48485,48486],{"class":192},"18",[52,48488,3479],{"class":188},[52,48490,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48502],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,48492,21739],{"class":58},[52,48494,63],{"class":62},[52,48496,45385],{"class":3020},[52,48498,122],{"class":66},[52,48500,48501],{"class":92},"age_text",[52,48503,127],{"class":66},[52,48505,48506],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48507,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,48509,48510,48512,48514,48516,48518,48520],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,48511,119],{"class":118},[52,48513,122],{"class":66},[52,48515,21739],{"class":92},[52,48517,2182],{"class":62},[52,48519,5616],{"class":70},[52,48521,127],{"class":66},[20,48523,2193],{},[43,48525,48527],{"className":45,"code":48526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19\n",[15,48528,48529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48530,48531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48532,48526],{"class":70},[38,48534,2948],{"id":2947},[20,48536,14848,48537,89],{},[15,48538,2995],{},[1324,48540,48542],{"id":48541},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48544,48545],{},"This fails:",[43,48547,48549],{"className":45,"code":48548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48550,48551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48552,48553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48554,48548],{"class":133},[20,48556,48557,48558,48561],{},"Why: ",[15,48559,48560],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48563,18952],{},[43,48565,48567],{"className":45,"code":48566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48568,48569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48570,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48572,119],{"class":118},[52,48574,122],{"class":66},[52,48576,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48578,122],{"class":66},[52,48580,2314],{"class":3020},[52,48582,122],{"class":66},[52,48584,189],{"class":188},[52,48586,41231],{"class":192},[52,48588,189],{"class":188},[52,48590,3031],{"class":66},[1324,48592,48594],{"id":48593},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48596,48545],{},[43,48598,48600],{"className":45,"code":48599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48601,48602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48603,48604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48605,48599],{"class":133},[20,48607,48608],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1324,48610,48612,48613],{"id":48611},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48614,48615],{},"int(None)",[20,48617,48618,48619,48621],{},"This fails because ",[15,48620,445],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[43,48623,48625],{"className":45,"code":48624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48626,48627,48636,48640,48646,48660,48672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48628,48629,48631,48633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48630,2568],{"class":58},[52,48632,63],{"class":62},[52,48634,48635],{"class":3971}," None\n",[52,48637,48638],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,48639,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,48641,48642,48644],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48643,29914],{"class":3996},[52,48645,6514],{"class":66},[52,48647,48648,48650,48652,48654,48656,48658],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,48649,8188],{"class":118},[52,48651,122],{"class":66},[52,48653,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48655,122],{"class":66},[52,48657,2593],{"class":92},[52,48659,2150],{"class":66},[52,48661,48662,48664,48666,48668,48670],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,48663,29945],{"class":3996},[52,48665,48294],{"class":3020},[52,48667,47465],{"class":3996},[52,48669,47468],{"class":58},[52,48671,6514],{"class":66},[52,48673,48674,48676,48678,48680],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,48675,8188],{"class":118},[52,48677,122],{"class":66},[52,48679,47497],{"class":92},[52,48681,127],{"class":66},[1324,48683,48685],{"id":48684},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48687,48545],{},[43,48689,48690],{"className":45,"code":48076,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48691,48692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48693,48694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48695,48076],{"class":133},[20,48697,48698],{},"Use a string instead:",[43,48700,48701],{"className":45,"code":47929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48702,48703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48704,48705,48707,48709,48711,48713,48715,48717,48719,48721,48723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48706,119],{"class":118},[52,48708,122],{"class":66},[52,48710,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48712,122],{"class":66},[52,48714,189],{"class":188},[52,48716,46699],{"class":192},[52,48718,189],{"class":188},[52,48720,74],{"class":66},[52,48722,77],{"class":70},[52,48724,2150],{"class":66},[1324,48726,8574,48728,48730],{"id":48727},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48729,2995],{}," to round",[20,48732,48733],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[43,48735,48737],{"className":45,"code":48736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48738,48739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48740,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749,48752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48742,119],{"class":118},[52,48744,122],{"class":66},[52,48746,2310],{"class":3020},[52,48748,122],{"class":66},[52,48750,48751],{"class":70},"4.9",[52,48753,2150],{"class":66},[20,48755,2193],{},[43,48757,48759],{"className":45,"code":48758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n",[15,48760,48761],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48762,48763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48764,48758],{"class":70},[20,48766,3287,48767,48769,48770,48772],{},[15,48768,1705],{},", remember that ",[15,48771,2995],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[38,48774,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,48776,1937,48778,48780],{"id":48777},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48779,2995],{}," round numbers?",[20,48782,46472,48783,48785],{},[15,48784,2995],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1324,48787,5276,48789,48792],{"id":48788},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48790,48791],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48794,29171,48795,48797,48798,48800,48801,40036],{},[15,48796,48202],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48799,3002],{}," first, then use ",[15,48802,2995],{},[1324,48804,5260,48806,12832],{"id":48805},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48807,48808],{},"int(True)",[20,48810,5266,48811,28424,48813,42263,48815,89],{},[15,48812,71],{},[15,48814,3795],{},[15,48816,2243],{},[1324,48818,48820],{"id":48819},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48822,48823],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[38,48825,1996],{"id":1995},[154,48827,48828,48834,48840,48846,48851,48855,48861],{},[157,48829,48830],{},[30,48831,48832,3630],{"href":2999},[15,48833,3002],{},[157,48835,48836],{},[30,48837,48838,3630],{"href":42283},[15,48839,47791],{},[157,48841,48842],{},[30,48843,48844,3630],{"href":5899},[15,48845,3932],{},[157,48847,48848],{},[30,48849,48850],{"href":3081},"How to convert string to int in Python",[157,48852,48853],{},[30,48854,9180],{"href":9102},[157,48856,48857],{},[30,48858,48859,3630],{"href":8339},[15,48860,3077],{},[157,48862,48863],{},[30,48864,30458,48865],{"href":46024},[15,48866,46025],{},[2044,48868,48869],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":48871},[48872,48873,48875,48879,48884,48886,48888,48893,48897,48899,48908,48917],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":46736,"depth":83,"text":48874},"What int() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":48876},[48877,48878],{"id":46927,"depth":115,"text":46930},{"id":47027,"depth":115,"text":47030},{"id":47163,"depth":83,"text":48880,"children":48881},"Using int() with strings",[48882,48883],{"id":47285,"depth":115,"text":47286},{"id":47373,"depth":115,"text":47374},{"id":47648,"depth":83,"text":48885},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47794,"depth":83,"text":48887},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47914,"depth":83,"text":47915,"children":48889},[48890,48891,48892],{"id":47925,"depth":115,"text":47926},{"id":47994,"depth":115,"text":47995},{"id":48035,"depth":115,"text":48036},{"id":48093,"depth":83,"text":48094,"children":48894},[48895,48896],{"id":41621,"depth":115,"text":40811},{"id":41687,"depth":115,"text":1713},{"id":48437,"depth":83,"text":48898},"When to use int()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":48900},[48901,48902,48903,48905,48906],{"id":48541,"depth":115,"text":48542},{"id":48593,"depth":115,"text":48594},{"id":48611,"depth":115,"text":48904},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48684,"depth":115,"text":48685},{"id":48727,"depth":115,"text":48907},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":48909},[48910,48912,48914,48916],{"id":48777,"depth":115,"text":48911},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48788,"depth":115,"text":48913},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48805,"depth":115,"text":48915},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48819,"depth":115,"text":48820},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42204,"description":48918},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48925,"title":48926,"body":48927,"description":50763,"extension":2083,"meta":50764,"navigation":240,"path":44911,"seo":50765,"stem":50766,"__hash__":50767},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48928,"toc":50719},[48929,48934,48939,48947,48956,48958,49017,49023,49028,49033,49036,49064,49067,49070,49081,49091,49093,49095,49115,49119,49147,49149,49188,49190,49198,49200,49203,49207,49260,49262,49274,49278,49335,49337,49349,49355,49361,49365,49368,49371,49437,49439,49451,49457,49459,49511,49514,49555,49558,49565,49574,49580,49583,49616,49622,49625,49656,49662,49665,49677,49681,49686,49690,49848,49850,49865,49868,49872,49976,49978,49995,49999,50060,50062,50070,50073,50077,50144,50146,50155,50161,50163,50172,50174,50209,50214,50216,50246,50250,50252,50289,50292,50294,50331,50337,50339,50389,50391,50399,50409,50415,50419,50424,50473,50475,50488,50491,50493,50496,50571,50574,50593,50596,50626,50636,50638,50643,50650,50656,50662,50669,50677,50683,50686,50688,50716],[10,48930,3697,48932,3701],{"id":48931},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48933,44914],{},[20,48935,48936,48938],{},[15,48937,44914],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48940,48941,48942,2996,48944,48946],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48943,3726],{},[15,48945,3795],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48948,48949,48950,48952,48953,48955],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48951,44914],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48954,2423],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[38,48957,41],{"id":40},[43,48959,48961],{"className":45,"code":48960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48962,48963,48971,48975,48996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48964,48965,48967,48969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48966,2568],{"class":58},[52,48968,63],{"class":62},[52,48970,2704],{"class":70},[52,48972,48973],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,48974,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,48976,48977,48979,48981,48984,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48978,119],{"class":118},[52,48980,122],{"class":66},[52,48982,48983],{"class":118},"isinstance",[52,48985,122],{"class":66},[52,48987,2593],{"class":92},[52,48989,74],{"class":66},[52,48991,45385],{"class":3020},[52,48993,5479],{"class":66},[52,48995,43964],{"class":133},[52,48997,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006,49008,49010,49013,49015],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,48999,119],{"class":118},[52,49001,122],{"class":66},[52,49003,48983],{"class":118},[52,49005,122],{"class":66},[52,49007,2593],{"class":92},[52,49009,74],{"class":66},[52,49011,49012],{"class":3020}," str",[52,49014,5479],{"class":66},[52,49016,43981],{"class":133},[20,49018,137,49019,49022],{},[15,49020,49021],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[38,49024,144,49026,147],{"id":49025},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49027,44914],{},[20,49029,49030,49032],{},[15,49031,44914],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49034,49035],{},"It:",[154,49037,49038,49041,49047,49050],{},[157,49039,49040],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[157,49042,1335,49043,2996,49045],{},[15,49044,3726],{},[15,49046,3795],{},[157,49048,49049],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[157,49051,49052,49053,2311,49055,2311,49057,2311,49059,17186,49062],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49054,3564],{},[15,49056,2310],{},[15,49058,8213],{},[15,49060,49061],{},"tuple",[15,49063,8943],{},[20,49065,49066],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49068,49069],{},"For example, you might want to:",[154,49071,49072,49075,49078],{},[157,49073,49074],{},"loop through a list",[157,49076,49077],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[157,49079,49080],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49082,49083,49084,2996,49087,89],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[30,49085,44906],{"href":49086},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[30,49088,49090],{"href":49089},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[38,49092,268],{"id":267},[20,49094,2282],{},[43,49096,49098],{"className":45,"code":49097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49099,49100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49101,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110,49113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49103,48983],{"class":118},[52,49105,122],{"class":66},[52,49107,42507],{"class":3020},[52,49109,74],{"class":66},[52,49111,49112],{"class":92}," classinfo",[52,49114,127],{"class":66},[1324,49116,49118],{"id":49117},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[154,49120,49121,49126,49140],{},[157,49122,49123,49125],{},[15,49124,42507],{}," is the value you want to test",[157,49127,49128,49131,49132,2311,49134,2311,49136,2315,49138],{},[15,49129,49130],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49133,2310],{},[15,49135,3564],{},[15,49137,8213],{},[15,49139,8943],{},[157,49141,49142,49143,2996,49145],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49144,3726],{},[15,49146,3795],{},[20,49148,347],{},[43,49150,49152],{"className":45,"code":49151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49153,49154,49166,49170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49155,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49157,7995],{"class":58},[52,49159,63],{"class":62},[52,49161,200],{"class":188},[52,49163,11626],{"class":192},[52,49165,3479],{"class":188},[52,49167,49168],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49169,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49171,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182,49184,49186],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49173,119],{"class":118},[52,49175,122],{"class":66},[52,49177,48983],{"class":118},[52,49179,122],{"class":66},[52,49181,7786],{"class":92},[52,49183,74],{"class":66},[52,49185,49012],{"class":3020},[52,49187,2150],{"class":66},[20,49189,2193],{},[43,49191,49192],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49193,49194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49195,49196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49197,4100],{"class":3971},[38,49199,11592],{"id":11591},[20,49201,49202],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1324,49204,49206],{"id":49205},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[43,49208,49210],{"className":45,"code":49209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49211,49212,49220,49224,49242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49213,49214,49216,49218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49215,2568],{"class":58},[52,49217,63],{"class":62},[52,49219,45334],{"class":70},[52,49221,49222],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49223,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49225,49226,49228,49230,49232,49234,49236,49238,49240],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49227,119],{"class":118},[52,49229,122],{"class":66},[52,49231,48983],{"class":118},[52,49233,122],{"class":66},[52,49235,2593],{"class":92},[52,49237,74],{"class":66},[52,49239,45385],{"class":3020},[52,49241,2150],{"class":66},[52,49243,49244,49246,49248,49250,49252,49254,49256,49258],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,49245,119],{"class":118},[52,49247,122],{"class":66},[52,49249,48983],{"class":118},[52,49251,122],{"class":66},[52,49253,2593],{"class":92},[52,49255,74],{"class":66},[52,49257,49012],{"class":3020},[52,49259,2150],{"class":66},[20,49261,2193],{},[43,49263,49264],{"className":45,"code":44283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49265,49266,49270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49267,49268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49269,4100],{"class":3971},[52,49271,49272],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49273,4161],{"class":3971},[1324,49275,49277],{"id":49276},"check-text","Check text",[43,49279,49281],{"className":45,"code":49280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49282,49283,49295,49299,49317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49284,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49286,34795],{"class":58},[52,49288,63],{"class":62},[52,49290,200],{"class":188},[52,49292,3964],{"class":192},[52,49294,3479],{"class":188},[52,49296,49297],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49298,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49300,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313,49315],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49302,119],{"class":118},[52,49304,122],{"class":66},[52,49306,48983],{"class":118},[52,49308,122],{"class":66},[52,49310,34816],{"class":92},[52,49312,74],{"class":66},[52,49314,49012],{"class":3020},[52,49316,2150],{"class":66},[52,49318,49319,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329,49331,49333],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,49320,119],{"class":118},[52,49322,122],{"class":66},[52,49324,48983],{"class":118},[52,49326,122],{"class":66},[52,49328,34816],{"class":92},[52,49330,74],{"class":66},[52,49332,45385],{"class":3020},[52,49334,2150],{"class":66},[20,49336,2193],{},[43,49338,49339],{"className":45,"code":44283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49340,49341,49345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49342,49343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49344,4100],{"class":3971},[52,49346,49347],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49348,4161],{"class":3971},[20,49350,49351,49352,49354],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49353,44914],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49356,49357,49358,89],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[30,49359,49360],{"href":3081},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[38,49362,49364],{"id":49363},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49366,49367],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49369,49370],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[43,49372,49374],{"className":45,"code":49373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49375,49376,49385,49389,49413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49377,49378,49380,49382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49379,2568],{"class":58},[52,49381,63],{"class":62},[52,49383,49384],{"class":70}," 3.5\n",[52,49386,49387],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49388,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49390,49391,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409,49411],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49392,119],{"class":118},[52,49394,122],{"class":66},[52,49396,48983],{"class":118},[52,49398,122],{"class":66},[52,49400,2593],{"class":92},[52,49402,74],{"class":66},[52,49404,388],{"class":66},[52,49406,2310],{"class":3020},[52,49408,74],{"class":66},[52,49410,40362],{"class":3020},[52,49412,3031],{"class":66},[52,49414,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431,49433,49435],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,49416,119],{"class":118},[52,49418,122],{"class":66},[52,49420,48983],{"class":118},[52,49422,122],{"class":66},[52,49424,2593],{"class":92},[52,49426,74],{"class":66},[52,49428,388],{"class":66},[52,49430,3564],{"class":3020},[52,49432,74],{"class":66},[52,49434,22669],{"class":3020},[52,49436,3031],{"class":66},[20,49438,2193],{},[43,49440,49441],{"className":45,"code":44283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49442,49443,49447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49444,49445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49446,4100],{"class":3971},[52,49448,49449],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49450,4161],{"class":3971},[20,49452,49453,49454,49456],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49455,40944],{}," conditions.",[20,49458,8418],{},[43,49460,49462],{"className":45,"code":49461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49463,49464,49472,49476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49465,49466,49468,49470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49467,2568],{"class":58},[52,49469,63],{"class":62},[52,49471,49384],{"class":70},[52,49473,49474],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49475,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49477,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49479,119],{"class":118},[52,49481,122],{"class":66},[52,49483,3340],{"class":3020},[52,49485,122],{"class":66},[52,49487,2593],{"class":92},[52,49489,3782],{"class":66},[52,49491,6529],{"class":62},[52,49493,45385],{"class":3020},[52,49495,48343],{"class":3996},[52,49497,49498],{"class":3020}," type",[52,49500,122],{"class":66},[52,49502,2593],{"class":92},[52,49504,3782],{"class":66},[52,49506,6529],{"class":62},[52,49508,40362],{"class":3020},[52,49510,127],{"class":66},[20,49512,49513],{},"you can write this:",[43,49515,49517],{"className":45,"code":49516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49518,49519,49527,49531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49520,49521,49523,49525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49522,2568],{"class":58},[52,49524,63],{"class":62},[52,49526,49384],{"class":70},[52,49528,49529],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49530,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49532,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551,49553],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49534,119],{"class":118},[52,49536,122],{"class":66},[52,49538,48983],{"class":118},[52,49540,122],{"class":66},[52,49542,2593],{"class":92},[52,49544,74],{"class":66},[52,49546,388],{"class":66},[52,49548,2310],{"class":3020},[52,49550,74],{"class":66},[52,49552,40362],{"class":3020},[52,49554,3031],{"class":66},[20,49556,49557],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[38,49559,49561,1083,49563],{"id":49560},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49562,44914],{},[15,49564,2423],{},[20,49566,10708,49567,668,49569,49573],{},[15,49568,44914],{},[30,49570,49571],{"href":2420},[15,49572,2423],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1324,49575,49577],{"id":49576},"typevalue-int",[15,49578,49579],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49581,49582],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[43,49584,49586],{"className":45,"code":49585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49587,49588,49596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49589,49590,49592,49594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49591,2568],{"class":58},[52,49593,63],{"class":62},[52,49595,2704],{"class":70},[52,49597,49598,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608,49610,49612,49614],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49599,119],{"class":118},[52,49601,122],{"class":66},[52,49603,3340],{"class":3020},[52,49605,122],{"class":66},[52,49607,2593],{"class":92},[52,49609,3782],{"class":66},[52,49611,6529],{"class":62},[52,49613,45385],{"class":3020},[52,49615,127],{"class":66},[1324,49617,49619],{"id":49618},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49620,49621],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49623,49624],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[43,49626,49628],{"className":45,"code":49627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49629,49630,49638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49631,49632,49634,49636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49633,2568],{"class":58},[52,49635,63],{"class":62},[52,49637,2704],{"class":70},[52,49639,49640,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49641,119],{"class":118},[52,49643,122],{"class":66},[52,49645,48983],{"class":118},[52,49647,122],{"class":66},[52,49649,2593],{"class":92},[52,49651,74],{"class":66},[52,49653,45385],{"class":3020},[52,49655,2150],{"class":66},[20,49657,49658,49659,49661],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49660,44914],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49663,49664],{},"In everyday code:",[154,49666,49667,49672],{},[157,49668,40097,49669,49671],{},[15,49670,2423],{}," when you need the exact type",[157,49673,40097,49674,49676],{},[15,49675,44914],{}," when you want a practical type check",[38,49678,49680],{"id":49679},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49682,49683,49684,89],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49685,44914],{},[1324,49687,49689],{"id":49688},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[43,49691,49693],{"className":45,"code":49692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49694,49695,49713,49732,49744,49749,49767,49778,49782,49794,49798,49822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49696,49697,49699,49702,49704,49706,49708,49711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49698,34959],{"class":2187},[52,49700,49701],{"class":34962}," repeat_text",[52,49703,122],{"class":66},[52,49705,34816],{"class":37769},[52,49707,74],{"class":66},[52,49709,49710],{"class":37769}," count",[52,49712,8462],{"class":66},[52,49714,49715,49717,49719,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49716,6519],{"class":3996},[52,49718,8219],{"class":62},[52,49720,49721],{"class":118}," isinstance",[52,49723,122],{"class":66},[52,49725,34816],{"class":92},[52,49727,74],{"class":66},[52,49729,49012],{"class":3020},[52,49731,8462],{"class":66},[52,49733,49734,49737,49739,49742],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49735,49736],{"class":3996},"        return",[52,49738,200],{"class":188},[52,49740,49741],{"class":192},"text must be a string",[52,49743,3479],{"class":188},[52,49745,49746],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,49747,49748],{"class":58},"    \n",[52,49750,49751,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,49752,6519],{"class":3996},[52,49754,8219],{"class":62},[52,49756,49721],{"class":118},[52,49758,122],{"class":66},[52,49760,41367],{"class":92},[52,49762,74],{"class":66},[52,49764,45385],{"class":3020},[52,49766,8462],{"class":66},[52,49768,49769,49771,49773,49776],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,49770,49736],{"class":3996},[52,49772,200],{"class":188},[52,49774,49775],{"class":192},"count must be an integer",[52,49777,3479],{"class":188},[52,49779,49780],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,49781,49748],{"class":58},[52,49783,49784,49786,49789,49791],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,49785,34970],{"class":3996},[52,49787,49788],{"class":58}," text ",[52,49790,39979],{"class":62},[52,49792,49793],{"class":58}," count\n",[52,49795,49796],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,49797,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49799,49800,49802,49804,49807,49809,49811,49814,49816,49818,49820],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,49801,119],{"class":118},[52,49803,122],{"class":66},[52,49805,49806],{"class":92},"repeat_text",[52,49808,122],{"class":66},[52,49810,189],{"class":188},[52,49812,49813],{"class":192},"Hi ",[52,49815,189],{"class":188},[52,49817,74],{"class":66},[52,49819,104],{"class":70},[52,49821,2150],{"class":66},[52,49823,49824,49826,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846],{"class":54,"line":11712},[52,49825,119],{"class":118},[52,49827,122],{"class":66},[52,49829,49806],{"class":92},[52,49831,122],{"class":66},[52,49833,189],{"class":188},[52,49835,49813],{"class":192},[52,49837,189],{"class":188},[52,49839,74],{"class":66},[52,49841,200],{"class":188},[52,49843,488],{"class":192},[52,49845,189],{"class":188},[52,49847,2150],{"class":66},[20,49849,2193],{},[43,49851,49853],{"className":45,"code":49852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49854,49855,49860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49856,49857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49858,49859],{"class":58},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[52,49861,49862],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49863,49864],{"class":58},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49866,49867],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1324,49869,49871],{"id":49870},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[43,49873,49875],{"className":45,"code":49874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49876,49877,49909,49913,49929,49944,49961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49878,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903,49905,49907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49880,2568],{"class":58},[52,49882,63],{"class":62},[52,49884,3743],{"class":66},[52,49886,189],{"class":188},[52,49888,30],{"class":192},[52,49890,189],{"class":188},[52,49892,74],{"class":66},[52,49894,200],{"class":188},[52,49896,1393],{"class":192},[52,49898,189],{"class":188},[52,49900,74],{"class":66},[52,49902,200],{"class":188},[52,49904,1491],{"class":192},[52,49906,189],{"class":188},[52,49908,3756],{"class":66},[52,49910,49911],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,49912,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,49914,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49916,7115],{"class":3996},[52,49918,49721],{"class":118},[52,49920,122],{"class":66},[52,49922,2593],{"class":92},[52,49924,74],{"class":66},[52,49926,49012],{"class":3020},[52,49928,8462],{"class":66},[52,49930,49931,49933,49935,49937,49940,49942],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,49932,8188],{"class":118},[52,49934,122],{"class":66},[52,49936,189],{"class":188},[52,49938,49939],{"class":192},"This is text",[52,49941,189],{"class":188},[52,49943,127],{"class":66},[52,49945,49946,49949,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,49947,49948],{"class":3996},"elif",[52,49950,49721],{"class":118},[52,49952,122],{"class":66},[52,49954,2593],{"class":92},[52,49956,74],{"class":66},[52,49958,22669],{"class":3020},[52,49960,8462],{"class":66},[52,49962,49963,49965,49967,49969,49972,49974],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,49964,8188],{"class":118},[52,49966,122],{"class":66},[52,49968,189],{"class":188},[52,49970,49971],{"class":192},"This is a list",[52,49973,189],{"class":188},[52,49975,127],{"class":66},[20,49977,2193],{},[43,49979,49981],{"className":45,"code":49980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a list\n",[15,49982,49983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49984,49985,49988,49990,49992],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49986,49987],{"class":58},"This ",[52,49989,12310],{"class":62},[52,49991,44654],{"class":58},[52,49993,49994],{"class":3020},"list\n",[1324,49996,49998],{"id":49997},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[43,50000,50002],{"className":45,"code":50001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50003,50004,50016,50020,50036,50050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50005,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50007,2568],{"class":58},[52,50009,63],{"class":62},[52,50011,200],{"class":188},[52,50013,46633],{"class":192},[52,50015,3479],{"class":188},[52,50017,50018],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50019,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,50021,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50023,7115],{"class":3996},[52,50025,49721],{"class":118},[52,50027,122],{"class":66},[52,50029,2593],{"class":92},[52,50031,74],{"class":66},[52,50033,49012],{"class":3020},[52,50035,8462],{"class":66},[52,50037,50038,50040,50042,50044,50046,50048],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,50039,41998],{"class":58},[52,50041,63],{"class":62},[52,50043,45385],{"class":3020},[52,50045,122],{"class":66},[52,50047,2593],{"class":92},[52,50049,127],{"class":66},[52,50051,50052,50054,50056,50058],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,50053,8188],{"class":118},[52,50055,122],{"class":66},[52,50057,2361],{"class":92},[52,50059,127],{"class":66},[20,50061,2193],{},[43,50063,50064],{"className":45,"code":46719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50065,50066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50067,50068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50069,46719],{"class":70},[20,50071,50072],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1324,50074,50076],{"id":50075},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[43,50078,50080],{"className":45,"code":50079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50081,50082,50106,50110,50126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50083,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100,50102,50104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50085,2568],{"class":58},[52,50087,63],{"class":62},[52,50089,67],{"class":66},[52,50091,189],{"class":188},[52,50093,7786],{"class":192},[52,50095,189],{"class":188},[52,50097,152],{"class":66},[52,50099,200],{"class":188},[52,50101,12997],{"class":192},[52,50103,189],{"class":188},[52,50105,80],{"class":66},[52,50107,50108],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50109,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,50111,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50113,7115],{"class":3996},[52,50115,49721],{"class":118},[52,50117,122],{"class":66},[52,50119,2593],{"class":92},[52,50121,74],{"class":66},[52,50123,9293],{"class":3020},[52,50125,8462],{"class":66},[52,50127,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,50129,8188],{"class":118},[52,50131,122],{"class":66},[52,50133,2593],{"class":92},[52,50135,4020],{"class":66},[52,50137,189],{"class":188},[52,50139,7786],{"class":192},[52,50141,189],{"class":188},[52,50143,112],{"class":66},[20,50145,2193],{},[43,50147,50149],{"className":45,"code":50148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n",[15,50150,50151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50152,50153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50154,50148],{"class":58},[20,50156,50157,50158,50160],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50159,1713],{}," messages later.",[38,50162,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,50164,50166,50167,1990,50170],{"id":50165},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50168,50169],{},"\"int\"",[15,50171,2310],{},[20,50173,16757],{},[43,50175,50177],{"className":45,"code":50176,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50178,50179,50187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50180,50181,50183,50185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50182,2568],{"class":58},[52,50184,63],{"class":62},[52,50186,2704],{"class":70},[52,50188,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203,50205,50207],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50190,119],{"class":118},[52,50192,122],{"class":66},[52,50194,48983],{"class":118},[52,50196,122],{"class":66},[52,50198,2593],{"class":92},[52,50200,74],{"class":66},[52,50202,200],{"class":188},[52,50204,2310],{"class":192},[52,50206,189],{"class":188},[52,50208,2150],{"class":66},[20,50210,50211,50213],{},[15,50212,50169],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50215,16769],{},[43,50217,50218],{"className":45,"code":49627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50219,50220,50228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50221,50222,50224,50226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50223,2568],{"class":58},[52,50225,63],{"class":62},[52,50227,2704],{"class":70},[52,50229,50230,50232,50234,50236,50238,50240,50242,50244],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50231,119],{"class":118},[52,50233,122],{"class":66},[52,50235,48983],{"class":118},[52,50237,122],{"class":66},[52,50239,2593],{"class":92},[52,50241,74],{"class":66},[52,50243,45385],{"class":3020},[52,50245,2150],{"class":66},[1324,50247,50249],{"id":50248},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50251,16757],{},[43,50253,50255],{"className":45,"code":50254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50256,50257,50265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50258,50259,50261,50263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50260,2568],{"class":58},[52,50262,63],{"class":62},[52,50264,34950],{"class":70},[52,50266,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50268,119],{"class":118},[52,50270,122],{"class":66},[52,50272,48983],{"class":118},[52,50274,122],{"class":66},[52,50276,2593],{"class":92},[52,50278,74],{"class":66},[52,50280,3743],{"class":66},[52,50282,2310],{"class":3020},[52,50284,74],{"class":66},[52,50286,40362],{"class":3020},[52,50288,3117],{"class":66},[20,50290,50291],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50293,16769],{},[43,50295,50297],{"className":45,"code":50296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50298,50299,50307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50300,50301,50303,50305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50302,2568],{"class":58},[52,50304,63],{"class":62},[52,50306,34950],{"class":70},[52,50308,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50310,119],{"class":118},[52,50312,122],{"class":66},[52,50314,48983],{"class":118},[52,50316,122],{"class":66},[52,50318,2593],{"class":92},[52,50320,74],{"class":66},[52,50322,388],{"class":66},[52,50324,2310],{"class":3020},[52,50326,74],{"class":66},[52,50328,40362],{"class":3020},[52,50330,3031],{"class":66},[1324,50332,25884,50334,50336],{"id":50333},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50335,44914],{}," converts a value",[20,50338,19025],{},[43,50340,50342],{"className":45,"code":50341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50343,50344,50357,50375,50379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50345,50346,50348,50350,50352,50355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50347,2568],{"class":58},[52,50349,63],{"class":62},[52,50351,200],{"class":188},[52,50353,50354],{"class":192},"123",[52,50356,3479],{"class":188},[52,50358,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50360,474],{"class":58},[52,50362,63],{"class":62},[52,50364,49721],{"class":118},[52,50366,122],{"class":66},[52,50368,2593],{"class":92},[52,50370,74],{"class":66},[52,50372,45385],{"class":3020},[52,50374,127],{"class":66},[52,50376,50377],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50378,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,50380,50381,50383,50385,50387],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,50382,119],{"class":118},[52,50384,122],{"class":66},[52,50386,507],{"class":92},[52,50388,127],{"class":66},[20,50390,2193],{},[43,50392,50393],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50394,50395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50396,50397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50398,4161],{"class":3971},[20,50400,50401,50402,50405,50406,50408],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50403,50404],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50407,50354],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50410,50411,50412,1311],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50413,50414],{},"int(value)",[1324,50416,50418],{"id":50417},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50420,50421,50423],{},[15,50422,44914],{}," does not modify anything.",[43,50425,50427],{"className":45,"code":50426,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50428,50429,50441,50445,50463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50430,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50432,2568],{"class":58},[52,50434,63],{"class":62},[52,50436,200],{"class":188},[52,50438,13673],{"class":192},[52,50440,3479],{"class":188},[52,50442,50443],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50444,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50448,119],{"class":118},[52,50450,122],{"class":66},[52,50452,48983],{"class":118},[52,50454,122],{"class":66},[52,50456,2593],{"class":92},[52,50458,74],{"class":66},[52,50460,49012],{"class":3020},[52,50462,2150],{"class":66},[52,50464,50465,50467,50469,50471],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,50466,119],{"class":118},[52,50468,122],{"class":66},[52,50470,2593],{"class":92},[52,50472,127],{"class":66},[20,50474,2193],{},[43,50476,50478],{"className":45,"code":50477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n100\n",[15,50479,50480,50484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50481,50482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50483,4100],{"class":3971},[52,50485,50486],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50487,47370],{"class":70},[20,50489,50490],{},"The value stays the same.",[38,50492,26052],{"id":26051},[20,50494,50495],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[43,50497,50499],{"className":45,"code":50498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50500,50501,50515,50533,50557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50502,50503,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50504,119],{"class":118},[52,50506,122],{"class":66},[52,50508,3340],{"class":3020},[52,50510,122],{"class":66},[52,50512,2593],{"class":92},[52,50514,2150],{"class":66},[52,50516,50517,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50518,119],{"class":118},[52,50520,122],{"class":66},[52,50522,48983],{"class":118},[52,50524,122],{"class":66},[52,50526,2593],{"class":92},[52,50528,74],{"class":66},[52,50530,45385],{"class":3020},[52,50532,2150],{"class":66},[52,50534,50535,50537,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50536,119],{"class":118},[52,50538,122],{"class":66},[52,50540,48983],{"class":118},[52,50542,122],{"class":66},[52,50544,2593],{"class":92},[52,50546,74],{"class":66},[52,50548,388],{"class":66},[52,50550,2310],{"class":3020},[52,50552,74],{"class":66},[52,50554,40362],{"class":3020},[52,50556,3031],{"class":66},[52,50558,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,50560,119],{"class":118},[52,50562,122],{"class":66},[52,50564,41887],{"class":118},[52,50566,122],{"class":66},[52,50568,2593],{"class":92},[52,50570,2150],{"class":66},[20,50572,50573],{},"These can help when:",[154,50575,50576,50579,50584,50587],{},[157,50577,50578],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[157,50580,50581,50582],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50583,1713],{},[157,50585,50586],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[157,50588,50589,50590,50592],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50591,44914],{}," is invalid",[20,50594,50595],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[154,50597,50598,50612,50618,50623],{},[157,50599,50600,50601,2996,50604,50607,50608,2996,50610],{},"using ",[15,50602,50603],{},"'int'",[15,50605,50606],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50609,2310],{},[15,50611,3564],{},[157,50613,50614,50615,50617],{},"expecting ",[15,50616,44914],{}," to convert a value",[157,50619,50600,50620,50622],{},[15,50621,2423],{}," when inherited types should also match",[157,50624,50625],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50627,50628,50629,89],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[30,50630,50632,50633],{"href":50631},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50634,50635],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[38,50637,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,50639,5260,50641,5263],{"id":50640},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50642,44914],{},[20,50644,5266,50645,50647,50648,89],{},[15,50646,3726],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50649,3795],{},[1324,50651,5288,50653,50655],{"id":50652},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50654,44914],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50657,50658,50659,89],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50660,50661],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1324,50663,1959,50665,668,50667,1964],{"id":50664},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50666,44914],{},[15,50668,2423],{},[20,50670,50671,50673,50674,50676],{},[15,50672,2423],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50675,44914],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1324,50678,1937,50680,50682],{"id":50679},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50681,44914],{}," convert a value?",[20,50684,50685],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[38,50687,1996],{"id":1995},[154,50689,50690,50696,50700,50705,50710],{},[157,50691,50692],{},[30,50693,3697,50694,3630],{"href":2420},[15,50695,2423],{},[157,50697,50698],{},[30,50699,44906],{"href":49086},[157,50701,50702],{},[30,50703,50704],{"href":3081},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[157,50706,50707],{},[30,50708,50709],{"href":49089},"What is a data type in Python?",[157,50711,50712],{},[30,50713,50632,50714],{"href":50631},[15,50715,50635],{},[2044,50717,50718],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":50720},[50721,50722,50724,50727,50731,50732,50737,50743,50751,50752,50762],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":49025,"depth":83,"text":50723},"What isinstance() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":50725},[50726],{"id":49117,"depth":115,"text":49118},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592,"children":50728},[50729,50730],{"id":49205,"depth":115,"text":49206},{"id":49276,"depth":115,"text":49277},{"id":49363,"depth":83,"text":49364},{"id":49560,"depth":83,"text":50733,"children":50734},"isinstance() vs type()",[50735,50736],{"id":49576,"depth":115,"text":49579},{"id":49618,"depth":115,"text":49621},{"id":49679,"depth":83,"text":49680,"children":50738},[50739,50740,50741,50742],{"id":49688,"depth":115,"text":49689},{"id":49870,"depth":115,"text":49871},{"id":49997,"depth":115,"text":49998},{"id":50075,"depth":115,"text":50076},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":50744},[50745,50747,50748,50750],{"id":50165,"depth":115,"text":50746},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50248,"depth":115,"text":50249},{"id":50333,"depth":115,"text":50749},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50417,"depth":115,"text":50418},{"id":26051,"depth":83,"text":26052},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":50753},[50754,50756,50758,50760],{"id":50640,"depth":115,"text":50755},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50652,"depth":115,"text":50757},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50664,"depth":115,"text":50759},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50679,"depth":115,"text":50761},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48926,"description":50763},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50769,"title":50770,"body":50771,"description":52743,"extension":2083,"meta":52744,"navigation":240,"path":52745,"seo":52746,"stem":52747,"__hash__":52748},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50772,"toc":52718},[50773,50776,50781,50786,50800,50803,50805,50880,50885,50889,50894,50897,50911,50913,51079,51092,51094,51096,51111,51114,51117,51130,51132,51230,51234,51240,51243,51252,51254,51289,51294,51315,51320,51325,51357,51360,51417,51421,51427,51430,51483,51485,51525,51528,51596,51599,51650,51657,51661,51667,51752,51758,51764,51813,51816,51819,51869,51871,51876,51880,51930,51934,51981,51985,52062,52066,52131,52134,52138,52143,52148,52160,52162,52181,52187,52190,52209,52214,52241,52248,52252,52258,52261,52356,52359,52362,52411,52416,52418,52422,52457,52460,52517,52527,52530,52564,52567,52569,52573,52576,52580,52583,52587,52590,52594,52607,52611,52616,52618,52668,52680,52682,52715],[10,50774,50770],{"id":50775},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50777,9245,50778,50780],{},[15,50779,42469],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50782,35514,50783,50785],{},[15,50784,42469],{}," to count:",[154,50787,50788,50791,50794,50797],{},[157,50789,50790],{},"characters in a string",[157,50792,50793],{},"items in a list or tuple",[157,50795,50796],{},"keys in a dictionary",[157,50798,50799],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50801,50802],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[38,50804,2125],{"id":2124},[43,50806,50808],{"className":45,"code":50807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50809,50810,50822,50842,50846,50863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50811,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50813,34795],{"class":58},[52,50815,63],{"class":62},[52,50817,200],{"class":188},[52,50819,3964],{"class":192},[52,50821,3479],{"class":188},[52,50823,50824,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50825,7897],{"class":58},[52,50827,63],{"class":62},[52,50829,3743],{"class":66},[52,50831,2452],{"class":70},[52,50833,74],{"class":66},[52,50835,7908],{"class":70},[52,50837,74],{"class":66},[52,50839,7913],{"class":70},[52,50841,3756],{"class":66},[52,50843,50844],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50845,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,50847,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,50849,119],{"class":118},[52,50851,122],{"class":66},[52,50853,11279],{"class":118},[52,50855,122],{"class":66},[52,50857,34816],{"class":92},[52,50859,5479],{"class":66},[52,50861,50862],{"class":133},"   # 5\n",[52,50864,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,50866,119],{"class":118},[52,50868,122],{"class":66},[52,50870,11279],{"class":118},[52,50872,122],{"class":66},[52,50874,7928],{"class":92},[52,50876,5479],{"class":66},[52,50878,50879],{"class":133},"  # 3\n",[20,50881,137,50882,50884],{},[15,50883,42469],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[38,50886,50888],{"id":50887},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50890,50891,50893],{},[15,50892,42469],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50895,50896],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[154,50898,50899,50902,50905,50908],{},[157,50900,50901],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[157,50903,50904],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[157,50906,50907],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[157,50909,50910],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50912,347],{},[43,50914,50916],{"className":45,"code":50915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50917,50918,50930,50955,50987,51007,51011,51028,51045,51062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50919,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50921,7995],{"class":58},[52,50923,63],{"class":62},[52,50925,200],{"class":188},[52,50927,7795],{"class":192},[52,50929,3479],{"class":188},[52,50931,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948,50950,50953],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,50933,59],{"class":58},[52,50935,63],{"class":62},[52,50937,3743],{"class":66},[52,50939,2452],{"class":70},[52,50941,74],{"class":66},[52,50943,7908],{"class":70},[52,50945,74],{"class":66},[52,50947,7913],{"class":70},[52,50949,74],{"class":66},[52,50951,50952],{"class":70}," 40",[52,50954,3756],{"class":66},[52,50956,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50958,9288],{"class":58},[52,50960,63],{"class":62},[52,50962,67],{"class":66},[52,50964,189],{"class":188},[52,50966,30],{"class":192},[52,50968,189],{"class":188},[52,50970,152],{"class":66},[52,50972,5616],{"class":70},[52,50974,74],{"class":66},[52,50976,200],{"class":188},[52,50978,1393],{"class":192},[52,50980,189],{"class":188},[52,50982,152],{"class":66},[52,50984,77],{"class":70},[52,50986,80],{"class":66},[52,50988,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,50990,357],{"class":58},[52,50992,63],{"class":62},[52,50994,67],{"class":66},[52,50996,1705],{"class":70},[52,50998,74],{"class":66},[52,51000,37750],{"class":70},[52,51002,74],{"class":66},[52,51004,6113],{"class":70},[52,51006,80],{"class":66},[52,51008,51009],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,51010,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,51012,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,51014,119],{"class":118},[52,51016,122],{"class":66},[52,51018,11279],{"class":118},[52,51020,122],{"class":66},[52,51022,7786],{"class":92},[52,51024,5479],{"class":66},[52,51026,51027],{"class":133},"     # 3\n",[52,51029,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,51031,119],{"class":118},[52,51033,122],{"class":66},[52,51035,11279],{"class":118},[52,51037,122],{"class":66},[52,51039,86],{"class":92},[52,51041,5479],{"class":66},[52,51043,51044],{"class":133},"  # 4\n",[52,51046,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,51048,119],{"class":118},[52,51050,122],{"class":66},[52,51052,11279],{"class":118},[52,51054,122],{"class":66},[52,51056,9327],{"class":92},[52,51058,5479],{"class":66},[52,51060,51061],{"class":133},"     # 2\n",[52,51063,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,51065,119],{"class":118},[52,51067,122],{"class":66},[52,51069,11279],{"class":118},[52,51071,122],{"class":66},[52,51073,370],{"class":92},[52,51075,5479],{"class":66},[52,51077,51078],{"class":133},"   # 3\n",[20,51080,51081,51082,2311,51086,17186,51090,89],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[30,51083,51085],{"href":51084},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[30,51087,51089],{"href":51088},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[30,51091,9278],{"href":9277},[38,51093,268],{"id":267},[20,51095,2282],{},[43,51097,51099],{"className":45,"code":51098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(object)\n",[15,51100,51101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51102,51103,51105,51107,51109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51104,11279],{"class":118},[52,51106,122],{"class":66},[52,51108,42507],{"class":3020},[52,51110,127],{"class":66},[20,51112,51113],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51115,51116],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[154,51118,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127],{},[157,51120,38014],{},[157,51122,38008],{},[157,51124,38011],{},[157,51126,38017],{},[157,51128,51129],{},"a dictionary",[20,51131,347],{},[43,51133,51135],{"className":45,"code":51134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51136,51137,51158,51182,51204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51138,51139,51141,51143,51145,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51140,119],{"class":118},[52,51142,122],{"class":66},[52,51144,11279],{"class":118},[52,51146,122],{"class":66},[52,51148,189],{"class":188},[52,51150,47],{"class":192},[52,51152,189],{"class":188},[52,51154,5479],{"class":66},[52,51156,51157],{"class":133},"      # 6\n",[52,51159,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51161,119],{"class":118},[52,51163,122],{"class":66},[52,51165,11279],{"class":118},[52,51167,96],{"class":66},[52,51169,71],{"class":70},[52,51171,74],{"class":66},[52,51173,77],{"class":70},[52,51175,74],{"class":66},[52,51177,104],{"class":70},[52,51179,4852],{"class":66},[52,51181,51027],{"class":133},[52,51183,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51201],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51185,119],{"class":118},[52,51187,122],{"class":66},[52,51189,11279],{"class":118},[52,51191,5629],{"class":66},[52,51193,2452],{"class":70},[52,51195,74],{"class":66},[52,51197,7908],{"class":70},[52,51199,51200],{"class":66},")))",[52,51202,51203],{"class":133},"      # 2\n",[52,51205,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224,51227],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,51207,119],{"class":118},[52,51209,122],{"class":66},[52,51211,11279],{"class":118},[52,51213,5648],{"class":66},[52,51215,189],{"class":188},[52,51217,930],{"class":192},[52,51219,189],{"class":188},[52,51221,152],{"class":66},[52,51223,5616],{"class":70},[52,51225,51226],{"class":66},"}))",[52,51228,51229],{"class":133},"      # 1\n",[38,51231,51233],{"id":51232},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51235,51236,51237,51239],{},"When you use ",[15,51238,42469],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51241,51242],{},"That includes:",[154,51244,51245,51247,51249],{},[157,51246,939],{},[157,51248,10571],{},[157,51250,51251],{},"punctuation",[20,51253,347],{},[43,51255,51257],{"className":45,"code":51256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51258,51259,51272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51260,51261,51263,51265,51267,51270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51262,34795],{"class":58},[52,51264,63],{"class":62},[52,51266,200],{"class":188},[52,51268,51269],{"class":192},"Hi there!",[52,51271,3479],{"class":188},[52,51273,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51275,119],{"class":118},[52,51277,122],{"class":66},[52,51279,11279],{"class":118},[52,51281,122],{"class":66},[52,51283,34816],{"class":92},[52,51285,5479],{"class":66},[52,51287,51288],{"class":133},"  # 9\n",[20,51290,51291,51292,1964],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51293,2267],{},[154,51295,51296,51302,51306,51309],{},[157,51297,51298,51301],{},[15,51299,51300],{},"H"," = 1",[157,51303,51304,51301],{},[15,51305,36262],{},[157,51307,51308],{},"space = 1",[157,51310,51311,51314],{},[15,51312,51313],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51316,51317,51318],{},"Total: ",[15,51319,2267],{},[20,51321,51322,51323,152],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51324,2243],{},[43,51326,51328],{"className":45,"code":51327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51329,51330,51339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51331,51332,51335,51337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51333,51334],{"class":58},"empty_text ",[52,51336,63],{"class":62},[52,51338,8000],{"class":188},[52,51340,51341,51343,51345,51347,51349,51352,51354],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51342,119],{"class":118},[52,51344,122],{"class":66},[52,51346,11279],{"class":118},[52,51348,122],{"class":66},[52,51350,51351],{"class":92},"empty_text",[52,51353,5479],{"class":66},[52,51355,51356],{"class":133},"  # 0\n",[20,51358,51359],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[43,51361,51363],{"className":45,"code":51362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51364,51365,51378,51382,51402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51366,51367,51370,51372,51374,51376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51368,51369],{"class":58},"user_name ",[52,51371,63],{"class":62},[52,51373,200],{"class":188},[52,51375,5121],{"class":192},[52,51377,3479],{"class":188},[52,51379,51380],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51381,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,51383,51384,51386,51388,51390,51393,51395,51398,51400],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51385,7115],{"class":3996},[52,51387,38492],{"class":118},[52,51389,122],{"class":66},[52,51391,51392],{"class":92},"user_name",[52,51394,3782],{"class":66},[52,51396,51397],{"class":62}," >=",[52,51399,104],{"class":70},[52,51401,6514],{"class":66},[52,51403,51404,51406,51408,51410,51413,51415],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,51405,8188],{"class":118},[52,51407,122],{"class":66},[52,51409,189],{"class":188},[52,51411,51412],{"class":192},"Name is long enough",[52,51414,189],{"class":188},[52,51416,127],{"class":66},[38,51418,51420],{"id":51419},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51422,51423,51424,51426],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51425,42469],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51428,51429],{},"Example with a list:",[43,51431,51433],{"className":45,"code":51432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51434,51435,51467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51436,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51438,181],{"class":58},[52,51440,63],{"class":62},[52,51442,3743],{"class":66},[52,51444,189],{"class":188},[52,51446,193],{"class":192},[52,51448,189],{"class":188},[52,51450,74],{"class":66},[52,51452,200],{"class":188},[52,51454,231],{"class":192},[52,51456,189],{"class":188},[52,51458,74],{"class":66},[52,51460,200],{"class":188},[52,51462,203],{"class":192},[52,51464,189],{"class":188},[52,51466,3756],{"class":66},[52,51468,51469,51471,51473,51475,51477,51479,51481],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51470,119],{"class":118},[52,51472,122],{"class":66},[52,51474,11279],{"class":118},[52,51476,122],{"class":66},[52,51478,212],{"class":92},[52,51480,5479],{"class":66},[52,51482,50879],{"class":133},[20,51484,38023],{},[43,51486,51488],{"className":45,"code":51487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51489,51490,51507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51491,51492,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51493,51494],{"class":58},"point ",[52,51496,63],{"class":62},[52,51498,388],{"class":66},[52,51500,2452],{"class":70},[52,51502,74],{"class":66},[52,51504,7908],{"class":70},[52,51506,127],{"class":66},[52,51508,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517,51520,51522],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51510,119],{"class":118},[52,51512,122],{"class":66},[52,51514,11279],{"class":118},[52,51516,122],{"class":66},[52,51518,51519],{"class":92},"point",[52,51521,5479],{"class":66},[52,51523,51524],{"class":133},"  # 2\n",[20,51526,51527],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[43,51529,51531],{"className":45,"code":51530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51532,51533,51557,51561,51579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51534,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553,51555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51536,7897],{"class":58},[52,51538,63],{"class":62},[52,51540,3743],{"class":66},[52,51542,189],{"class":188},[52,51544,1125],{"class":192},[52,51546,189],{"class":188},[52,51548,74],{"class":66},[52,51550,200],{"class":188},[52,51552,1145],{"class":192},[52,51554,189],{"class":188},[52,51556,3756],{"class":66},[52,51558,51559],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51560,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,51562,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51564,7115],{"class":3996},[52,51566,38492],{"class":118},[52,51568,122],{"class":66},[52,51570,7928],{"class":92},[52,51572,3782],{"class":66},[52,51574,38502],{"class":62},[52,51576,5616],{"class":70},[52,51578,6514],{"class":66},[52,51580,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,51582,8188],{"class":118},[52,51584,122],{"class":66},[52,51586,7928],{"class":92},[52,51588,4020],{"class":66},[52,51590,71],{"class":70},[52,51592,20557],{"class":66},[52,51594,51595],{"class":133},"  # banana\n",[20,51597,51598],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[43,51600,51602],{"className":45,"code":51601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51603,51604,51627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51605,51606,51608,51610,51612,51615,51617,51620,51622,51625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51607,5181],{"class":58},[52,51609,63],{"class":62},[52,51611,3743],{"class":66},[52,51613,51614],{"class":70},"88",[52,51616,74],{"class":66},[52,51618,51619],{"class":70}," 91",[52,51621,74],{"class":66},[52,51623,51624],{"class":70}," 75",[52,51626,3756],{"class":66},[52,51628,51629,51631,51633,51635,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51648],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51630,119],{"class":118},[52,51632,122],{"class":66},[52,51634,189],{"class":188},[52,51636,51637],{"class":192},"Number of scores:",[52,51639,189],{"class":188},[52,51641,74],{"class":66},[52,51643,38492],{"class":118},[52,51645,122],{"class":66},[52,51647,16502],{"class":92},[52,51649,2150],{"class":66},[20,51651,51652,51653,89],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[30,51654,51656],{"href":51655},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[38,51658,51660],{"id":51659},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51662,51663,51664,51666],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51665,42469],{}," counts keys.",[43,51668,51670],{"className":45,"code":51669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51671,51672,51680,51698,51712,51728,51732,51736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51673,51674,51676,51678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51675,12980],{"class":58},[52,51677,63],{"class":62},[52,51679,11610],{"class":66},[52,51681,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51683,11615],{"class":188},[52,51685,7786],{"class":192},[52,51687,189],{"class":188},[52,51689,152],{"class":66},[52,51691,200],{"class":188},[52,51693,8040],{"class":192},[52,51695,189],{"class":188},[52,51697,11631],{"class":66},[52,51699,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708,51710],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51701,11615],{"class":188},[52,51703,9420],{"class":192},[52,51705,189],{"class":188},[52,51707,152],{"class":66},[52,51709,31052],{"class":70},[52,51711,11631],{"class":66},[52,51713,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724,51726],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,51715,11615],{"class":188},[52,51717,20002],{"class":192},[52,51719,189],{"class":188},[52,51721,152],{"class":66},[52,51723,200],{"class":188},[52,51725,22354],{"class":192},[52,51727,3479],{"class":188},[52,51729,51730],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,51731,80],{"class":66},[52,51733,51734],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,51735,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,51737,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748,51750],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,51739,119],{"class":118},[52,51741,122],{"class":66},[52,51743,11279],{"class":118},[52,51745,122],{"class":66},[52,51747,13741],{"class":92},[52,51749,5479],{"class":66},[52,51751,50879],{"class":133},[20,51753,51754,51755,51757],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51756,42469],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51759,51760,51761,51763],{},"For sets, ",[15,51762,42469],{}," counts unique items:",[43,51765,51767],{"className":45,"code":51766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51768,51769,51797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51770,51771,51773,51775,51777,51779,51781,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793,51795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51772,59],{"class":58},[52,51774,63],{"class":62},[52,51776,67],{"class":66},[52,51778,71],{"class":70},[52,51780,74],{"class":66},[52,51782,77],{"class":70},[52,51784,74],{"class":66},[52,51786,104],{"class":70},[52,51788,74],{"class":66},[52,51790,104],{"class":70},[52,51792,74],{"class":66},[52,51794,77],{"class":70},[52,51796,80],{"class":66},[52,51798,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809,51811],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51800,119],{"class":118},[52,51802,122],{"class":66},[52,51804,11279],{"class":118},[52,51806,122],{"class":66},[52,51808,86],{"class":92},[52,51810,5479],{"class":66},[52,51812,50879],{"class":133},[20,51814,51815],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51817,51818],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[43,51820,51822],{"className":45,"code":51821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51823,51824,51832,51836,51854],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51825,51826,51828,51830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51827,9288],{"class":58},[52,51829,63],{"class":62},[52,51831,9957],{"class":66},[52,51833,51834],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51835,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,51837,51838,51840,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51839,7115],{"class":3996},[52,51841,38492],{"class":118},[52,51843,122],{"class":66},[52,51845,9327],{"class":92},[52,51847,3782],{"class":66},[52,51849,6529],{"class":62},[52,51851,3952],{"class":70},[52,51853,6514],{"class":66},[52,51855,51856,51858,51860,51862,51865,51867],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,51857,8188],{"class":118},[52,51859,122],{"class":66},[52,51861,189],{"class":188},[52,51863,51864],{"class":192},"The dictionary is empty",[52,51866,189],{"class":188},[52,51868,127],{"class":66},[38,51870,41153],{"id":41152},[20,51872,51873,51874,89],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51875,42469],{},[1324,51877,51879],{"id":51878},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[43,51881,51883],{"className":45,"code":51882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51884,51885,51893,51897,51915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51886,51887,51889,51891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51888,7897],{"class":58},[52,51890,63],{"class":62},[52,51892,7957],{"class":66},[52,51894,51895],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51896,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51913],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51900,7115],{"class":3996},[52,51902,38492],{"class":118},[52,51904,122],{"class":66},[52,51906,7928],{"class":92},[52,51908,3782],{"class":66},[52,51910,6529],{"class":62},[52,51912,3952],{"class":70},[52,51914,6514],{"class":66},[52,51916,51917,51919,51921,51923,51926,51928],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,51918,8188],{"class":118},[52,51920,122],{"class":66},[52,51922,189],{"class":188},[52,51924,51925],{"class":192},"The list is empty",[52,51927,189],{"class":188},[52,51929,127],{"class":66},[1324,51931,51933],{"id":51932},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[43,51935,51937],{"className":45,"code":51936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51938,51939,51958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51940,51941,51943,51945,51947,51949,51951,51954,51956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51942,6274],{"class":58},[52,51944,63],{"class":62},[52,51946,8362],{"class":118},[52,51948,122],{"class":66},[52,51950,189],{"class":188},[52,51952,51953],{"class":192},"Enter a word: ",[52,51955,189],{"class":188},[52,51957,127],{"class":66},[52,51959,51960,51962,51964,51966,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,51961,119],{"class":118},[52,51963,122],{"class":66},[52,51965,189],{"class":188},[52,51967,51968],{"class":192},"Number of characters:",[52,51970,189],{"class":188},[52,51972,74],{"class":66},[52,51974,38492],{"class":118},[52,51976,122],{"class":66},[52,51978,38497],{"class":92},[52,51980,2150],{"class":66},[1324,51982,51984],{"id":51983},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[43,51986,51988],{"className":45,"code":51987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51989,51990,52004,52008,52026,52041,52047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51991,51992,51995,51997,51999,52002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51993,51994],{"class":58},"password ",[52,51996,63],{"class":62},[52,51998,200],{"class":188},[52,52000,52001],{"class":192},"secret123",[52,52003,3479],{"class":188},[52,52005,52006],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52007,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52011,7115],{"class":3996},[52,52013,38492],{"class":118},[52,52015,122],{"class":66},[52,52017,17734],{"class":92},[52,52019,3782],{"class":66},[52,52021,51397],{"class":62},[52,52023,6480],{"class":70},[52,52025,6514],{"class":66},[52,52027,52028,52030,52032,52034,52037,52039],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,52029,8188],{"class":118},[52,52031,122],{"class":66},[52,52033,189],{"class":188},[52,52035,52036],{"class":192},"Password length is valid",[52,52038,189],{"class":188},[52,52040,127],{"class":66},[52,52042,52043,52045],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,52044,27544],{"class":3996},[52,52046,6514],{"class":66},[52,52048,52049,52051,52053,52055,52058,52060],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,52050,8188],{"class":118},[52,52052,122],{"class":66},[52,52054,189],{"class":188},[52,52056,52057],{"class":192},"Password is too short",[52,52059,189],{"class":188},[52,52061,127],{"class":66},[1324,52063,52065],{"id":52064},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[43,52067,52069],{"className":45,"code":52068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52070,52071,52107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52072,52073,52076,52078,52080,52082,52085,52087,52089,52091,52094,52096,52098,52100,52103,52105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52074,52075],{"class":58},"results ",[52,52077,63],{"class":62},[52,52079,3743],{"class":66},[52,52081,189],{"class":188},[52,52083,52084],{"class":192},"item1",[52,52086,189],{"class":188},[52,52088,74],{"class":66},[52,52090,200],{"class":188},[52,52092,52093],{"class":192},"item2",[52,52095,189],{"class":188},[52,52097,74],{"class":66},[52,52099,200],{"class":188},[52,52101,52102],{"class":192},"item3",[52,52104,189],{"class":188},[52,52106,3756],{"class":66},[52,52108,52109,52111,52113,52115,52118,52120,52122,52124,52126,52129],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52110,119],{"class":118},[52,52112,122],{"class":66},[52,52114,189],{"class":188},[52,52116,52117],{"class":192},"Items found:",[52,52119,189],{"class":188},[52,52121,74],{"class":66},[52,52123,38492],{"class":118},[52,52125,122],{"class":66},[52,52127,52128],{"class":92},"results",[52,52130,2150],{"class":66},[20,52132,52133],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[38,52135,52137],{"id":52136},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52139,52140,52142],{},[15,52141,42469],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52144,52145,52146,152],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52147,1713],{},[154,52149,52150,52153,52156],{},[157,52151,52152],{},"plain integers",[157,52154,52155],{},"floats",[157,52157,52158],{},[15,52159,445],{},[20,52161,347],{},[43,52163,52165],{"className":45,"code":52164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52166,52167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52168,52169,52171,52173,52175,52177,52179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52170,119],{"class":118},[52,52172,122],{"class":66},[52,52174,11279],{"class":118},[52,52176,122],{"class":66},[52,52178,1705],{"class":70},[52,52180,2150],{"class":66},[20,52182,52183,52184,52186],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52185,1705],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52188,52189],{},"Another example:",[43,52191,52193],{"className":45,"code":52192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52194,52195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52196,52197,52199,52201,52203,52205,52207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52198,119],{"class":118},[52,52200,122],{"class":66},[52,52202,11279],{"class":118},[52,52204,122],{"class":66},[52,52206,40250],{"class":70},[52,52208,2150],{"class":66},[20,52210,52211,52212,152],{},"And with ",[15,52213,445],{},[43,52215,52217],{"className":45,"code":52216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52218,52219,52227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52220,52221,52223,52225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52222,2568],{"class":58},[52,52224,63],{"class":62},[52,52226,48635],{"class":3971},[52,52228,52229,52231,52233,52235,52237,52239],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52230,119],{"class":118},[52,52232,122],{"class":66},[52,52234,11279],{"class":118},[52,52236,122],{"class":66},[52,52238,2593],{"class":92},[52,52240,2150],{"class":66},[20,52242,52243,52244,89],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[30,52245,52247],{"href":52246},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[38,52249,52251],{"id":52250},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52253,52254,52255,52257],{},"Before using ",[15,52256,42469],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52259,52260],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[43,52262,52264],{"className":45,"code":52263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52265,52266,52274,52278,52288,52302,52320,52338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52267,52268,52270,52272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52269,2568],{"class":58},[52,52271,63],{"class":62},[52,52273,48635],{"class":3971},[52,52275,52276],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52277,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,52279,52280,52282,52284,52286],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52281,119],{"class":118},[52,52283,122],{"class":66},[52,52285,2593],{"class":92},[52,52287,127],{"class":66},[52,52289,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,52291,119],{"class":118},[52,52293,122],{"class":66},[52,52295,3340],{"class":3020},[52,52297,122],{"class":66},[52,52299,2593],{"class":92},[52,52301,2150],{"class":66},[52,52303,52304,52306,52308,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,52305,119],{"class":118},[52,52307,122],{"class":66},[52,52309,48983],{"class":118},[52,52311,122],{"class":66},[52,52313,2593],{"class":92},[52,52315,74],{"class":66},[52,52317,49012],{"class":3020},[52,52319,2150],{"class":66},[52,52321,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,52323,119],{"class":118},[52,52325,122],{"class":66},[52,52327,48983],{"class":118},[52,52329,122],{"class":66},[52,52331,2593],{"class":92},[52,52333,74],{"class":66},[52,52335,22669],{"class":3020},[52,52337,2150],{"class":66},[52,52339,52340,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352,52354],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,52341,119],{"class":118},[52,52343,122],{"class":66},[52,52345,48983],{"class":118},[52,52347,122],{"class":66},[52,52349,2593],{"class":92},[52,52351,74],{"class":66},[52,52353,9293],{"class":3020},[52,52355,2150],{"class":66},[20,52357,52358],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52360,52361],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[43,52363,52365],{"className":45,"code":52364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52366,52367,52379,52383,52397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52368,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52370,2568],{"class":58},[52,52372,63],{"class":62},[52,52374,200],{"class":188},[52,52376,3964],{"class":192},[52,52378,3479],{"class":188},[52,52380,52381],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52382,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,52384,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52386,7115],{"class":3996},[52,52388,21695],{"class":58},[52,52390,12310],{"class":62},[52,52392,8219],{"class":62},[52,52394,3972],{"class":3971},[52,52396,6514],{"class":66},[52,52398,52399,52401,52403,52405,52407,52409],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,52400,8188],{"class":118},[52,52402,122],{"class":66},[52,52404,11279],{"class":118},[52,52406,122],{"class":66},[52,52408,2593],{"class":92},[52,52410,2150],{"class":66},[20,52412,52413,52414,89],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[30,52415,8563],{"href":2420},[38,52417,2948],{"id":2947},[20,52419,23204,52420,152],{},[15,52421,42469],{},[154,52423,52424,52432,52440,52448,52454],{},[157,52425,8538,52426,52428,52429],{},[15,52427,42469],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52430,52431],{},"len(5)",[157,52433,8538,52434,52436,52437],{},[15,52435,42469],{}," on a float like ",[15,52438,52439],{},"len(3.14)",[157,52441,8538,52442,52444,52445,52447],{},[15,52443,42469],{}," on ",[15,52446,445],{}," after a function returns nothing",[157,52449,4697,52450,52453],{},[15,52451,52452],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[157,52455,52456],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52458,52459],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[43,52461,52463],{"className":45,"code":52462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52464,52465,52501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52466,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52468,13319],{"class":58},[52,52470,63],{"class":62},[52,52472,67],{"class":66},[52,52474,189],{"class":188},[52,52476,7786],{"class":192},[52,52478,189],{"class":188},[52,52480,152],{"class":66},[52,52482,200],{"class":188},[52,52484,12997],{"class":192},[52,52486,189],{"class":188},[52,52488,74],{"class":66},[52,52490,200],{"class":188},[52,52492,9420],{"class":192},[52,52494,189],{"class":188},[52,52496,152],{"class":66},[52,52498,7908],{"class":70},[52,52500,80],{"class":66},[52,52502,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52504,119],{"class":118},[52,52506,122],{"class":66},[52,52508,11279],{"class":118},[52,52510,122],{"class":66},[52,52512,17421],{"class":92},[52,52514,5479],{"class":66},[52,52516,51524],{"class":133},[20,52518,37701,52519,52521,52522,668,52524,89],{},[15,52520,99],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52523,15354],{},[15,52525,52526],{},"\"age\"",[20,52528,52529],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[43,52531,52533],{"className":45,"code":52532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52534,52535,52548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52536,52537,52539,52541,52543,52546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52538,34795],{"class":58},[52,52540,63],{"class":62},[52,52542,200],{"class":188},[52,52544,52545],{"class":192},"a b",[52,52547,3479],{"class":188},[52,52549,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52551,119],{"class":118},[52,52553,122],{"class":66},[52,52555,11279],{"class":118},[52,52557,122],{"class":66},[52,52559,34816],{"class":92},[52,52561,5479],{"class":66},[52,52563,50879],{"class":133},[20,52565,52566],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[38,52568,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,52570,52572],{"id":52571},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52574,52575],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1324,52577,52579],{"id":52578},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52581,52582],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1324,52584,52586],{"id":52585},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52588,52589],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1324,52591,52593],{"id":52592},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52595,52596,52597,52599,52600,2996,52602,52604,52605,89],{},"No. Using ",[15,52598,42469],{}," on an ",[15,52601,2310],{},[15,52603,2314],{}," raises a ",[15,52606,1713],{},[1324,52608,52610],{"id":52609},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52612,692,52613,89],{},[15,52614,52615],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52617,347],{},[43,52619,52621],{"className":45,"code":52620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52622,52623,52631,52635,52653],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52624,52625,52627,52629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52626,8428],{"class":58},[52,52628,63],{"class":62},[52,52630,7957],{"class":66},[52,52632,52633],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52634,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,52636,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52638,7115],{"class":3996},[52,52640,38492],{"class":118},[52,52642,122],{"class":66},[52,52644,8459],{"class":92},[52,52646,3782],{"class":66},[52,52648,6529],{"class":62},[52,52650,3952],{"class":70},[52,52652,6514],{"class":66},[52,52654,52655,52657,52659,52661,52664,52666],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,52656,8188],{"class":118},[52,52658,122],{"class":66},[52,52660,189],{"class":188},[52,52662,52663],{"class":192},"Empty list",[52,52665,189],{"class":188},[52,52667,127],{"class":66},[20,52669,52670,52671,52673,52674,52676,52677,52679],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52672,3795],{}," in an ",[15,52675,7115],{}," statement, but ",[15,52678,42469],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[38,52681,1996],{"id":1995},[154,52683,52684,52688,52692,52696,52701,52705,52710],{},[157,52685,52686],{},[30,52687,51085],{"href":51084},[157,52689,52690],{},[30,52691,51089],{"href":51088},[157,52693,52694],{},[30,52695,9278],{"href":9277},[157,52697,52698],{},[30,52699,52700],{"href":51655},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[157,52702,52703],{},[30,52704,8563],{"href":2420},[157,52706,52707],{},[30,52708,52709],{"href":1780},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[157,52711,52712],{},[30,52713,52714],{"href":52246},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2044,52716,52717],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":52719},[52720,52721,52722,52723,52724,52725,52726,52732,52733,52734,52735,52742],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":50887,"depth":83,"text":50888},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":51232,"depth":83,"text":51233},{"id":51419,"depth":83,"text":51420},{"id":51659,"depth":83,"text":51660},{"id":41152,"depth":83,"text":41153,"children":52727},[52728,52729,52730,52731],{"id":51878,"depth":115,"text":51879},{"id":51932,"depth":115,"text":51933},{"id":51983,"depth":115,"text":51984},{"id":52064,"depth":115,"text":52065},{"id":52136,"depth":83,"text":52137},{"id":52250,"depth":83,"text":52251},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":52736},[52737,52738,52739,52740,52741],{"id":52571,"depth":115,"text":52572},{"id":52578,"depth":115,"text":52579},{"id":52585,"depth":115,"text":52586},{"id":52592,"depth":115,"text":52593},{"id":52609,"depth":115,"text":52610},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50770,"description":52743},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52750,"title":52751,"body":52752,"description":54437,"extension":2083,"meta":54438,"navigation":240,"path":54439,"seo":54440,"stem":54441,"__hash__":54442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52753,"toc":54410},[52754,52757,52771,52777,52779,52833,52838,52842,52858,52861,52875,52881,52883,52886,52905,52921,52923,52999,53001,53038,53049,53051,53054,53115,53117,53150,53153,53159,53163,53166,53291,53293,53352,53360,53413,53415,53442,53448,53458,53462,53465,53470,53522,53524,53550,53556,53610,53612,53637,53640,53664,53670,53672,53676,53678,53735,53737,53745,53747,53769,53771,53824,53826,53850,53854,53856,53895,53897,53905,53911,53915,53967,53969,53995,54003,54007,54012,54021,54023,54089,54091,54123,54127,54132,54134,54148,54151,54224,54226,54252,54254,54258,54265,54269,54276,54280,54283,54285,54338,54340,54366,54370,54379,54381,54407],[10,52755,52751],{"id":52756},"python-list-append-method",[20,52758,2100,52759,52762,52763,52766,52767,52770],{},[15,52760,52761],{},"append()"," method adds ",[984,52764,52765],{},"one item"," to the ",[984,52768,52769],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52772,52773,52774,52776],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[984,52775,986],{}," create a new list.",[38,52778,41],{"id":40},[43,52780,52782],{"className":45,"code":52781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52783,52784,52804,52818,52828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52785,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52787,59],{"class":58},[52,52789,63],{"class":62},[52,52791,3743],{"class":66},[52,52793,71],{"class":70},[52,52795,74],{"class":66},[52,52797,77],{"class":70},[52,52799,74],{"class":66},[52,52801,104],{"class":70},[52,52803,3756],{"class":66},[52,52805,52806,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52807,86],{"class":58},[52,52809,89],{"class":66},[52,52811,13668],{"class":92},[52,52813,122],{"class":66},[52,52815,391],{"class":70},[52,52817,127],{"class":66},[52,52819,52820,52822,52824,52826],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52821,119],{"class":118},[52,52823,122],{"class":66},[52,52825,86],{"class":92},[52,52827,127],{"class":66},[52,52829,52830],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,52831,52832],{"class":133},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52834,137,52835,52837],{},[15,52836,52761],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[38,52839,52841],{"id":52840},"what-append-does","What append() does",[154,52843,52844,52849,52852,52855],{},[157,52845,52846,52848],{},[15,52847,52761],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[157,52850,52851],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[157,52853,52854],{},"It does not create a new list",[157,52856,52857],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52859,52860],{},"This means you can append:",[154,52862,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873],{},[157,52864,86],{},[157,52866,5427],{},[157,52868,40701],{},[157,52870,5418],{},[157,52872,7368],{},[157,52874,34769],{},[20,52876,52877,52878,89],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[30,52879,52880],{"href":51088},"Python lists explained for beginners",[38,52882,5549],{"id":5548},[20,52884,52885],{},"Basic form:",[43,52887,52889],{"className":45,"code":52888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52890,52891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52892,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52894,8459],{"class":58},[52,52896,89],{"class":66},[52,52898,13668],{"class":92},[52,52900,122],{"class":66},[52,52902,23420],{"class":92},[52,52904,127],{"class":66},[154,52906,52907,52912,52917],{},[157,52908,52909,52911],{},[15,52910,8459],{}," is the list you want to change",[157,52913,52914,52916],{},[15,52915,23420],{}," is the value or object to add",[157,52918,12027,52919],{},[15,52920,445],{},[20,52922,347],{},[43,52924,52926],{"className":45,"code":52925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52927,52928,52952,52975,52979,52989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52929,52930,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52931,1116],{"class":58},[52,52933,63],{"class":62},[52,52935,3743],{"class":66},[52,52937,189],{"class":188},[52,52939,1125],{"class":192},[52,52941,189],{"class":188},[52,52943,74],{"class":66},[52,52945,200],{"class":188},[52,52947,1145],{"class":192},[52,52949,189],{"class":188},[52,52951,3756],{"class":66},[52,52953,52954,52956,52958,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,52955,474],{"class":58},[52,52957,63],{"class":62},[52,52959,52960],{"class":58}," fruits",[52,52962,89],{"class":66},[52,52964,13668],{"class":92},[52,52966,122],{"class":66},[52,52968,189],{"class":188},[52,52970,1216],{"class":192},[52,52972,189],{"class":188},[52,52974,127],{"class":66},[52,52976,52977],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52978,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,52980,52981,52983,52985,52987],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,52982,119],{"class":118},[52,52984,122],{"class":66},[52,52986,1134],{"class":92},[52,52988,127],{"class":66},[52,52990,52991,52993,52995,52997],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,52992,119],{"class":118},[52,52994,122],{"class":66},[52,52996,507],{"class":92},[52,52998,127],{"class":66},[20,53000,2193],{},[43,53002,53004],{"className":45,"code":53003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53005,53006,53034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53007,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53009,4020],{"class":66},[52,53011,3420],{"class":188},[52,53013,1125],{"class":192},[52,53015,3420],{"class":188},[52,53017,74],{"class":66},[52,53019,3415],{"class":188},[52,53021,1145],{"class":192},[52,53023,3420],{"class":188},[52,53025,74],{"class":66},[52,53027,3415],{"class":188},[52,53029,1216],{"class":192},[52,53031,3420],{"class":188},[52,53033,3756],{"class":66},[52,53035,53036],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53037,11924],{"class":3971},[20,53039,53040,53041,53043,53044,53046,53047,89],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53042,52761],{}," updates ",[15,53045,1134],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53048,445],{},[38,53050,11592],{"id":11591},[20,53052,53053],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[43,53055,53057],{"className":45,"code":53056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53058,53059,53083,53101,53105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53060,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53062,181],{"class":58},[52,53064,63],{"class":62},[52,53066,3743],{"class":66},[52,53068,189],{"class":188},[52,53070,193],{"class":192},[52,53072,189],{"class":188},[52,53074,74],{"class":66},[52,53076,200],{"class":188},[52,53078,203],{"class":192},[52,53080,189],{"class":188},[52,53082,3756],{"class":66},[52,53084,53085,53087,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53086,212],{"class":58},[52,53088,89],{"class":66},[52,53090,13668],{"class":92},[52,53092,122],{"class":66},[52,53094,189],{"class":188},[52,53096,231],{"class":192},[52,53098,189],{"class":188},[52,53100,127],{"class":66},[52,53102,53103],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53104,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53106,53107,53109,53111,53113],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53108,119],{"class":118},[52,53110,122],{"class":66},[52,53112,212],{"class":92},[52,53114,127],{"class":66},[20,53116,2193],{},[43,53118,53120],{"className":45,"code":53119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53121,53122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53123,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53125,4020],{"class":66},[52,53127,3420],{"class":188},[52,53129,193],{"class":192},[52,53131,3420],{"class":188},[52,53133,74],{"class":66},[52,53135,3415],{"class":188},[52,53137,203],{"class":192},[52,53139,3420],{"class":188},[52,53141,74],{"class":66},[52,53143,3415],{"class":188},[52,53145,231],{"class":192},[52,53147,3420],{"class":188},[52,53149,3756],{"class":66},[20,53151,53152],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53154,31192,53155,89],{},[30,53156,53158],{"href":53157},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[38,53160,53162],{"id":53161},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53164,53165],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[43,53167,53169],{"className":45,"code":53168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53170,53171,53179,53183,53197,53215,53229,53255,53277,53281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53172,53173,53175,53177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53174,7897],{"class":58},[52,53176,63],{"class":62},[52,53178,7957],{"class":66},[52,53180,53181],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53182,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53184,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53186,7928],{"class":58},[52,53188,89],{"class":66},[52,53190,13668],{"class":92},[52,53192,122],{"class":66},[52,53194,2452],{"class":70},[52,53196,127],{"class":66},[52,53198,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53200,7928],{"class":58},[52,53202,89],{"class":66},[52,53204,13668],{"class":92},[52,53206,122],{"class":66},[52,53208,189],{"class":188},[52,53210,3964],{"class":192},[52,53212,189],{"class":188},[52,53214,127],{"class":66},[52,53216,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,53218,7928],{"class":58},[52,53220,89],{"class":66},[52,53222,13668],{"class":92},[52,53224,122],{"class":66},[52,53226,3726],{"class":3971},[52,53228,127],{"class":66},[52,53230,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,53232,7928],{"class":58},[52,53234,89],{"class":66},[52,53236,13668],{"class":92},[52,53238,5648],{"class":66},[52,53240,189],{"class":188},[52,53242,7786],{"class":192},[52,53244,189],{"class":188},[52,53246,152],{"class":66},[52,53248,200],{"class":188},[52,53250,7795],{"class":192},[52,53252,189],{"class":188},[52,53254,407],{"class":66},[52,53256,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,53258,7928],{"class":58},[52,53260,89],{"class":66},[52,53262,13668],{"class":92},[52,53264,96],{"class":66},[52,53266,71],{"class":70},[52,53268,74],{"class":66},[52,53270,77],{"class":70},[52,53272,74],{"class":66},[52,53274,104],{"class":70},[52,53276,112],{"class":66},[52,53278,53279],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,53280,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53282,53283,53285,53287,53289],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,53284,119],{"class":118},[52,53286,122],{"class":66},[52,53288,7928],{"class":92},[52,53290,127],{"class":66},[20,53292,2193],{},[43,53294,53296],{"className":45,"code":53295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53297,53298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53299,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53301,4020],{"class":66},[52,53303,2452],{"class":70},[52,53305,74],{"class":66},[52,53307,3415],{"class":188},[52,53309,3964],{"class":192},[52,53311,3420],{"class":188},[52,53313,74],{"class":66},[52,53315,4036],{"class":3971},[52,53317,74],{"class":66},[52,53319,67],{"class":66},[52,53321,3420],{"class":188},[52,53323,7786],{"class":192},[52,53325,3420],{"class":188},[52,53327,152],{"class":66},[52,53329,3415],{"class":188},[52,53331,7795],{"class":192},[52,53333,3420],{"class":188},[52,53335,53336],{"class":66},"},",[52,53338,3743],{"class":66},[52,53340,71],{"class":70},[52,53342,74],{"class":66},[52,53344,77],{"class":70},[52,53346,74],{"class":66},[52,53348,104],{"class":70},[52,53350,53351],{"class":66},"]]\n",[20,53353,53354,53355,42263,53357,89],{},"A list added with ",[15,53356,52761],{},[984,53358,53359],{},"one single item",[43,53361,53363],{"className":45,"code":53362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53364,53365,53381,53399,53403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53366,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53368,59],{"class":58},[52,53370,63],{"class":62},[52,53372,3743],{"class":66},[52,53374,71],{"class":70},[52,53376,74],{"class":66},[52,53378,77],{"class":70},[52,53380,3756],{"class":66},[52,53382,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53384,86],{"class":58},[52,53386,89],{"class":66},[52,53388,13668],{"class":92},[52,53390,96],{"class":66},[52,53392,488],{"class":70},[52,53394,74],{"class":66},[52,53396,109],{"class":70},[52,53398,112],{"class":66},[52,53400,53401],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53402,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53404,53405,53407,53409,53411],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53406,119],{"class":118},[52,53408,122],{"class":66},[52,53410,86],{"class":92},[52,53412,127],{"class":66},[20,53414,2193],{},[43,53416,53418],{"className":45,"code":53417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53419,53420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53421,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53423,4020],{"class":66},[52,53425,71],{"class":70},[52,53427,74],{"class":66},[52,53429,77],{"class":70},[52,53431,74],{"class":66},[52,53433,3743],{"class":66},[52,53435,488],{"class":70},[52,53437,74],{"class":66},[52,53439,109],{"class":70},[52,53441,53351],{"class":66},[20,53443,2407,53444,53447],{},[15,53445,53446],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53449,53450,53451,53457],{},"This is different from ",[30,53452,53454],{"href":53453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53455,53456],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[38,53459,53461],{"id":53460},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53463,53464],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1324,53466,8538,53468],{"id":53467},"using-append",[15,53469,52761],{},[43,53471,53472],{"className":45,"code":53362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53473,53474,53490,53508,53512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53475,53476,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53477,59],{"class":58},[52,53479,63],{"class":62},[52,53481,3743],{"class":66},[52,53483,71],{"class":70},[52,53485,74],{"class":66},[52,53487,77],{"class":70},[52,53489,3756],{"class":66},[52,53491,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53493,86],{"class":58},[52,53495,89],{"class":66},[52,53497,13668],{"class":92},[52,53499,96],{"class":66},[52,53501,488],{"class":70},[52,53503,74],{"class":66},[52,53505,109],{"class":70},[52,53507,112],{"class":66},[52,53509,53510],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53511,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53513,53514,53516,53518,53520],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53515,119],{"class":118},[52,53517,122],{"class":66},[52,53519,86],{"class":92},[52,53521,127],{"class":66},[20,53523,2193],{},[43,53525,53526],{"className":45,"code":53417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53527,53528],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53529,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53531,4020],{"class":66},[52,53533,71],{"class":70},[52,53535,74],{"class":66},[52,53537,77],{"class":70},[52,53539,74],{"class":66},[52,53541,3743],{"class":66},[52,53543,488],{"class":70},[52,53545,74],{"class":66},[52,53547,109],{"class":70},[52,53549,53351],{"class":66},[1324,53551,8538,53553],{"id":53552},"using-extend",[15,53554,53555],{},"extend()",[43,53557,53559],{"className":45,"code":53558,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53560,53561,53577,53596,53600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53562,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53564,59],{"class":58},[52,53566,63],{"class":62},[52,53568,3743],{"class":66},[52,53570,71],{"class":70},[52,53572,74],{"class":66},[52,53574,77],{"class":70},[52,53576,3756],{"class":66},[52,53578,53579,53581,53583,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53580,86],{"class":58},[52,53582,89],{"class":66},[52,53584,53585],{"class":92},"extend",[52,53587,96],{"class":66},[52,53589,488],{"class":70},[52,53591,74],{"class":66},[52,53593,109],{"class":70},[52,53595,112],{"class":66},[52,53597,53598],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53599,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53601,53602,53604,53606,53608],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53603,119],{"class":118},[52,53605,122],{"class":66},[52,53607,86],{"class":92},[52,53609,127],{"class":66},[20,53611,2193],{},[43,53613,53615],{"className":45,"code":53614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53616,53617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53618,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53620,4020],{"class":66},[52,53622,71],{"class":70},[52,53624,74],{"class":66},[52,53626,77],{"class":70},[52,53628,74],{"class":66},[52,53630,104],{"class":70},[52,53632,74],{"class":66},[52,53634,109],{"class":70},[52,53636,3756],{"class":66},[20,53638,53639],{},"The difference:",[154,53641,53642,53648,53654,53659],{},[157,53643,53644,53647],{},[15,53645,53646],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[157,53649,53650,53653],{},[15,53651,53652],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[157,53655,137,53656,53658],{},[15,53657,52761],{}," for one item",[157,53660,137,53661,53663],{},[15,53662,53555],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53665,53666,53667,89],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[30,53668,53669],{"href":53453},"Python list extend() method",[38,53671,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,53673,53675],{"id":53674},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53677,25800],{},[43,53679,53681],{"className":45,"code":53680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53682,53683,53703,53721,53725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53684,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53686,7897],{"class":58},[52,53688,63],{"class":62},[52,53690,3743],{"class":66},[52,53692,71],{"class":70},[52,53694,74],{"class":66},[52,53696,77],{"class":70},[52,53698,74],{"class":66},[52,53700,104],{"class":70},[52,53702,3756],{"class":66},[52,53704,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715,53717,53719],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53706,7897],{"class":58},[52,53708,63],{"class":62},[52,53710,6085],{"class":58},[52,53712,89],{"class":66},[52,53714,13668],{"class":92},[52,53716,122],{"class":66},[52,53718,391],{"class":70},[52,53720,127],{"class":66},[52,53722,53723],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53724,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53726,53727,53729,53731,53733],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53728,119],{"class":118},[52,53730,122],{"class":66},[52,53732,7928],{"class":92},[52,53734,127],{"class":66},[20,53736,2193],{},[43,53738,53739],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53740,53741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53742,53743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53744,11924],{"class":3971},[20,53746,12016],{},[154,53748,53749,53754,53760],{},[157,53750,53751,53753],{},[15,53752,52761],{}," changes the list in place",[157,53755,53756,442,53758],{},[15,53757,52761],{},[15,53759,445],{},[157,53761,53762,53763,53766,53767],{},"So ",[15,53764,53765],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53768,445],{},[20,53770,10925],{},[43,53772,53774],{"className":45,"code":53773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53775,53776,53796,53810,53814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53777,53778,53780,53782,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792,53794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53779,7897],{"class":58},[52,53781,63],{"class":62},[52,53783,3743],{"class":66},[52,53785,71],{"class":70},[52,53787,74],{"class":66},[52,53789,77],{"class":70},[52,53791,74],{"class":66},[52,53793,104],{"class":70},[52,53795,3756],{"class":66},[52,53797,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53799,7928],{"class":58},[52,53801,89],{"class":66},[52,53803,13668],{"class":92},[52,53805,122],{"class":66},[52,53807,391],{"class":70},[52,53809,127],{"class":66},[52,53811,53812],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53813,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53815,53816,53818,53820,53822],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53817,119],{"class":118},[52,53819,122],{"class":66},[52,53821,7928],{"class":92},[52,53823,127],{"class":66},[20,53825,2193],{},[43,53827,53828],{"className":45,"code":53614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53829,53830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53831,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53833,4020],{"class":66},[52,53835,71],{"class":70},[52,53837,74],{"class":66},[52,53839,77],{"class":70},[52,53841,74],{"class":66},[52,53843,104],{"class":70},[52,53845,74],{"class":66},[52,53847,109],{"class":70},[52,53849,3756],{"class":66},[1324,53851,53853],{"id":53852},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53855,19025],{},[43,53857,53859],{"className":45,"code":53858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53860,53861,53885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53862,53863,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881,53883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53864,31992],{"class":58},[52,53866,63],{"class":62},[52,53868,3743],{"class":66},[52,53870,71],{"class":70},[52,53872,74],{"class":66},[52,53874,77],{"class":70},[52,53876,13665],{"class":66},[52,53878,13668],{"class":92},[52,53880,122],{"class":66},[52,53882,488],{"class":70},[52,53884,127],{"class":66},[52,53886,53887,53889,53891,53893],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53888,119],{"class":118},[52,53890,122],{"class":66},[52,53892,32011],{"class":92},[52,53894,127],{"class":66},[20,53896,2193],{},[43,53898,53899],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53900,53901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53902,53903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53904,11924],{"class":3971},[20,53906,53907,53908,53910],{},"Remember: ",[15,53909,52761],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1324,53912,53914],{"id":53913},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[43,53916,53917],{"className":45,"code":53362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53918,53919,53935,53953,53957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53920,53921,53923,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53922,59],{"class":58},[52,53924,63],{"class":62},[52,53926,3743],{"class":66},[52,53928,71],{"class":70},[52,53930,74],{"class":66},[52,53932,77],{"class":70},[52,53934,3756],{"class":66},[52,53936,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,53938,86],{"class":58},[52,53940,89],{"class":66},[52,53942,13668],{"class":92},[52,53944,96],{"class":66},[52,53946,488],{"class":70},[52,53948,74],{"class":66},[52,53950,109],{"class":70},[52,53952,112],{"class":66},[52,53954,53955],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53956,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,53958,53959,53961,53963,53965],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,53960,119],{"class":118},[52,53962,122],{"class":66},[52,53964,86],{"class":92},[52,53966,127],{"class":66},[20,53968,2193],{},[43,53970,53971],{"className":45,"code":53417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53972,53973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53974,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53976,4020],{"class":66},[52,53978,71],{"class":70},[52,53980,74],{"class":66},[52,53982,77],{"class":70},[52,53984,74],{"class":66},[52,53986,3743],{"class":66},[52,53988,488],{"class":70},[52,53990,74],{"class":66},[52,53992,109],{"class":70},[52,53994,53351],{"class":66},[20,53996,3287,53997,54000,54001,1311],{},[15,53998,53999],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54002,53555],{},[1324,54004,54006],{"id":54005},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54008,54009,54011],{},[15,54010,52761],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54013,54014,54015,89],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[30,54016,54018],{"href":54017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54019,54020],{},"list.insert()",[20,54022,347],{},[43,54024,54026],{"className":45,"code":54025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54027,54028,54052,54075,54079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54029,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044,54046,54048,54050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54031,921],{"class":58},[52,54033,63],{"class":62},[52,54035,3743],{"class":66},[52,54037,189],{"class":188},[52,54039,30],{"class":192},[52,54041,189],{"class":188},[52,54043,74],{"class":66},[52,54045,200],{"class":188},[52,54047,1491],{"class":192},[52,54049,189],{"class":188},[52,54051,3756],{"class":66},[52,54053,54054,54056,54058,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54055,939],{"class":58},[52,54057,89],{"class":66},[52,54059,54060],{"class":92},"insert",[52,54062,122],{"class":66},[52,54064,71],{"class":70},[52,54066,74],{"class":66},[52,54068,200],{"class":188},[52,54070,1393],{"class":192},[52,54072,189],{"class":188},[52,54074,127],{"class":66},[52,54076,54077],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54078,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54080,54081,54083,54085,54087],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,54082,119],{"class":118},[52,54084,122],{"class":66},[52,54086,939],{"class":92},[52,54088,127],{"class":66},[20,54090,2193],{},[43,54092,54093],{"className":45,"code":42984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54094,54095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54096,54097,54099,54101,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119,54121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54098,4020],{"class":66},[52,54100,3420],{"class":188},[52,54102,30],{"class":192},[52,54104,3420],{"class":188},[52,54106,74],{"class":66},[52,54108,3415],{"class":188},[52,54110,1393],{"class":192},[52,54112,3420],{"class":188},[52,54114,74],{"class":66},[52,54116,3415],{"class":188},[52,54118,1491],{"class":192},[52,54120,3420],{"class":188},[52,54122,3756],{"class":66},[38,54124,54126],{"id":54125},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54128,54129,54131],{},[15,54130,52761],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54133,36532],{},[154,54135,54136,54139,54142,54145],{},[157,54137,54138],{},"building a list in a loop",[157,54140,54141],{},"collecting user input",[157,54143,54144],{},"storing results step by step",[157,54146,54147],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54149,54150],{},"Example with a loop:",[43,54152,54154],{"className":45,"code":54153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54155,54156,54165,54169,54190,54209,54213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54157,54158,54161,54163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54159,54160],{"class":58},"squares ",[52,54162,63],{"class":62},[52,54164,7957],{"class":66},[52,54166,54167],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54168,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54170,54171,54173,54175,54177,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54172,6077],{"class":3996},[52,54174,6507],{"class":58},[52,54176,4003],{"class":3996},[52,54178,54179],{"class":118}," range",[52,54181,122],{"class":66},[52,54183,71],{"class":70},[52,54185,74],{"class":66},[52,54187,396],{"class":70},[52,54189,8462],{"class":66},[52,54191,54192,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203,54205,54207],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,54193,54194],{"class":58},"    squares",[52,54196,89],{"class":66},[52,54198,13668],{"class":92},[52,54200,122],{"class":66},[52,54202,2339],{"class":92},[52,54204,39979],{"class":62},[52,54206,2319],{"class":92},[52,54208,127],{"class":66},[52,54210,54211],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,54212,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54214,54215,54217,54219,54222],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,54216,119],{"class":118},[52,54218,122],{"class":66},[52,54220,54221],{"class":92},"squares",[52,54223,127],{"class":66},[20,54225,2193],{},[43,54227,54229],{"className":45,"code":54228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54230,54231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54232,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54246,54248,54250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54234,4020],{"class":66},[52,54236,71],{"class":70},[52,54238,74],{"class":66},[52,54240,109],{"class":70},[52,54242,74],{"class":66},[52,54244,54245],{"class":70}," 9",[52,54247,74],{"class":66},[52,54249,14103],{"class":70},[52,54251,3756],{"class":66},[38,54253,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,54255,54257],{"id":54256},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54259,46472,54260,54262,54263,89],{},[15,54261,52761],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54264,445],{},[1324,54266,54268],{"id":54267},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54270,54271,54272,89],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[30,54273,54274],{"href":53453},[15,54275,53555],{},[1324,54277,54279],{"id":54278},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54281,54282],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54284,347],{},[43,54286,54288],{"className":45,"code":54287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54289,54290,54306,54324,54328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54291,54292,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54293,9288],{"class":58},[52,54295,63],{"class":62},[52,54297,3743],{"class":66},[52,54299,71],{"class":70},[52,54301,74],{"class":66},[52,54303,77],{"class":70},[52,54305,3756],{"class":66},[52,54307,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320,54322],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54309,9327],{"class":58},[52,54311,89],{"class":66},[52,54313,13668],{"class":92},[52,54315,96],{"class":66},[52,54317,488],{"class":70},[52,54319,74],{"class":66},[52,54321,109],{"class":70},[52,54323,112],{"class":66},[52,54325,54326],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54327,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54329,54330,54332,54334,54336],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,54331,119],{"class":118},[52,54333,122],{"class":66},[52,54335,9327],{"class":92},[52,54337,127],{"class":66},[20,54339,2193],{},[43,54341,54342],{"className":45,"code":53417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54343,54344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54345,54346,54348,54350,54352,54354,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54347,4020],{"class":66},[52,54349,71],{"class":70},[52,54351,74],{"class":66},[52,54353,77],{"class":70},[52,54355,74],{"class":66},[52,54357,3743],{"class":66},[52,54359,488],{"class":70},[52,54361,74],{"class":66},[52,54363,109],{"class":70},[52,54365,53351],{"class":66},[1324,54367,54369],{"id":54368},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54371,54372,54374,54375,54378],{},[15,54373,52761],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54376,54377],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[38,54380,1996],{"id":1995},[154,54382,54383,54388,54392,54397,54401],{},[157,54384,54385],{},[30,54386,54387],{"href":53157},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[157,54389,54390],{},[30,54391,53669],{"href":53453},[157,54393,54394],{},[30,54395,54396],{"href":54017},"Python list insert() method",[157,54398,54399],{},[30,54400,52880],{"href":51088},[157,54402,54403],{},[30,54404,54406],{"href":54405},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2044,54408,54409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":54411},[54412,54413,54414,54415,54416,54417,54423,54429,54430,54436],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":52840,"depth":83,"text":52841},{"id":5548,"depth":83,"text":5549},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":53161,"depth":83,"text":53162},{"id":53460,"depth":83,"text":53461,"children":54418},[54419,54421],{"id":53467,"depth":115,"text":54420},"Using append()",{"id":53552,"depth":115,"text":54422},"Using extend()",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":54424},[54425,54426,54427,54428],{"id":53674,"depth":115,"text":53675},{"id":53852,"depth":115,"text":53853},{"id":53913,"depth":115,"text":53914},{"id":54005,"depth":115,"text":54006},{"id":54125,"depth":83,"text":54126},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":54431},[54432,54433,54434,54435],{"id":54256,"depth":115,"text":54257},{"id":54267,"depth":115,"text":54268},{"id":54278,"depth":115,"text":54279},{"id":54368,"depth":115,"text":54369},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52751,"description":54437},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54444,"title":54445,"body":54446,"description":55690,"extension":2083,"meta":55691,"navigation":240,"path":55692,"seo":55693,"stem":55694,"__hash__":55695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54447,"toc":55655},[54448,54454,54460,54466,54468,54516,54521,54526,54530,54546,54552,54554,54557,54572,54574,54585,54587,54589,54646,54648,54656,54658,54674,54680,54682,54688,54692,54776,54779,54828,54835,54843,54846,54860,54873,54879,54954,54961,54968,55042,55050,55053,55064,55073,55077,55081,55092,55094,55171,55192,55194,55204,55207,55255,55257,55278,55281,55283,55334,55340,55347,55414,55420,55426,55429,55456,55461,55467,55470,55542,55545,55556,55562,55564,55570,55573,55579,55585,55592,55600,55606,55612,55614,55652],[10,54449,54451,54452,18],{"id":54450},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54453,11439],{},[20,54455,54456,54459],{},[15,54457,54458],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54461,54462,54463,54465],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[984,54464,11451],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[38,54467,41],{"id":40},[43,54469,54471],{"className":45,"code":54470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54472,54473,54493,54503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54474,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483,54485,54487,54489,54491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54476,7897],{"class":58},[52,54478,63],{"class":62},[52,54480,3743],{"class":66},[52,54482,71],{"class":70},[52,54484,74],{"class":66},[52,54486,77],{"class":70},[52,54488,74],{"class":66},[52,54490,104],{"class":70},[52,54492,3756],{"class":66},[52,54494,54495,54497,54499,54501],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54496,7928],{"class":58},[52,54498,89],{"class":66},[52,54500,11500],{"class":92},[52,54502,8764],{"class":66},[52,54504,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54506,119],{"class":118},[52,54508,122],{"class":66},[52,54510,7928],{"class":92},[52,54512,3782],{"class":66},[52,54514,54515],{"class":133},"  # []\n",[20,54517,137,54518,54520],{},[15,54519,11439],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[38,54522,144,54524,147],{"id":54523},"what-listclear-does",[15,54525,54458],{},[20,54527,54528,152],{},[15,54529,54458],{},[154,54531,54532,54535,54538,54543],{},[157,54533,54534],{},"Removes every item from a list",[157,54536,54537],{},"Changes the original list in place",[157,54539,54540,54541],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54542,3906],{},[157,54544,54545],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54547,54548,54549,54551],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54550,11439],{},", but it contains no values.",[38,54553,268],{"id":267},[20,54555,54556],{},"Syntax:",[43,54558,54560],{"className":45,"code":54559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54561,54562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54563,54564,54566,54568,54570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54565,8459],{"class":58},[52,54567,89],{"class":66},[52,54569,11500],{"class":92},[52,54571,8764],{"class":66},[20,54573,11575],{},[154,54575,54576,54579,54582],{},[157,54577,54578],{},"Call it on a list object",[157,54580,54581],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[157,54583,54584],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[38,54586,11592],{"id":11591},[20,54588,11595],{},[43,54590,54592],{"className":45,"code":54591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54593,54594,54618,54622,54632,54636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54595,54596,54598,54600,54602,54604,54606,54608,54610,54612,54614,54616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54597,59],{"class":58},[52,54599,63],{"class":62},[52,54601,3743],{"class":66},[52,54603,2452],{"class":70},[52,54605,74],{"class":66},[52,54607,7908],{"class":70},[52,54609,74],{"class":66},[52,54611,7913],{"class":70},[52,54613,74],{"class":66},[52,54615,50952],{"class":70},[52,54617,3756],{"class":66},[52,54619,54620],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54621,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54623,54624,54626,54628,54630],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54625,86],{"class":58},[52,54627,89],{"class":66},[52,54629,11500],{"class":92},[52,54631,8764],{"class":66},[52,54633,54634],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,54635,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54637,54638,54640,54642,54644],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,54639,119],{"class":118},[52,54641,122],{"class":66},[52,54643,86],{"class":92},[52,54645,127],{"class":66},[20,54647,2193],{},[43,54649,54650],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54651,54652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54653,54654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54655,38404],{"class":66},[20,54657,656],{},[154,54659,54660,54665,54671],{},[157,54661,54662,54664],{},[15,54663,86],{}," starts with four items",[157,54666,54667,54670],{},[15,54668,54669],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[157,54672,54673],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54675,54676,54677,89],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[30,54678,52880],{"href":54679},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[38,54681,17533],{"id":17532},[20,54683,54684,442,54686,89],{},[15,54685,11439],{},[15,54687,445],{},[20,54689,41013,54690,52776],{},[984,54691,986],{},[43,54693,54695],{"className":45,"code":54694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54696,54697,54729,54733,54747,54751,54764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54698,54699,54701,54703,54705,54707,54709,54711,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721,54723,54725,54727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54700,7897],{"class":58},[52,54702,63],{"class":62},[52,54704,3743],{"class":66},[52,54706,189],{"class":188},[52,54708,30],{"class":192},[52,54710,189],{"class":188},[52,54712,74],{"class":66},[52,54714,200],{"class":188},[52,54716,1393],{"class":192},[52,54718,189],{"class":188},[52,54720,74],{"class":66},[52,54722,200],{"class":188},[52,54724,1491],{"class":192},[52,54726,189],{"class":188},[52,54728,3756],{"class":66},[52,54730,54731],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54732,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54734,54735,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54736,474],{"class":58},[52,54738,63],{"class":62},[52,54740,6085],{"class":58},[52,54742,89],{"class":66},[52,54744,11500],{"class":92},[52,54746,8764],{"class":66},[52,54748,54749],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,54750,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54752,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,54754,119],{"class":118},[52,54756,122],{"class":66},[52,54758,7928],{"class":92},[52,54760,3782],{"class":66},[52,54762,54763],{"class":133},"   # []\n",[52,54765,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,54767,119],{"class":118},[52,54769,122],{"class":66},[52,54771,507],{"class":92},[52,54773,3782],{"class":66},[52,54775,20987],{"class":133},[20,54777,54778],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[43,54780,54782],{"className":45,"code":54781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54783,54784,54804,54818],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54785,54786,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54787,7897],{"class":58},[52,54789,63],{"class":62},[52,54791,3743],{"class":66},[52,54793,71],{"class":70},[52,54795,74],{"class":66},[52,54797,77],{"class":70},[52,54799,74],{"class":66},[52,54801,104],{"class":70},[52,54803,3756],{"class":66},[52,54805,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54807,7897],{"class":58},[52,54809,63],{"class":62},[52,54811,6085],{"class":58},[52,54813,89],{"class":66},[52,54815,11500],{"class":92},[52,54817,8764],{"class":66},[52,54819,54820,54822,54824,54826],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54821,119],{"class":118},[52,54823,122],{"class":66},[52,54825,7928],{"class":92},[52,54827,127],{"class":66},[20,54829,12032,54830,42263,54832,54834],{},[15,54831,7928],{},[15,54833,445],{},", not an empty list.",[38,54836,54838,54840,54841],{"id":54837},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54839,11439],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54842,3906],{},[20,54844,54845],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[43,54847,54848],{"className":45,"code":54559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54849,54850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54851,54852,54854,54856,54858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54853,8459],{"class":58},[52,54855,89],{"class":66},[52,54857,11500],{"class":92},[52,54859,8764],{"class":66},[43,54861,54863],{"className":45,"code":54862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n",[15,54864,54865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54866,54867,54869,54871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54868,8428],{"class":58},[52,54870,63],{"class":62},[52,54872,7957],{"class":66},[1324,54874,54876,54878],{"id":54875},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54877,11439],{}," empties the same list object",[43,54880,54882],{"className":45,"code":54881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54883,54884,54904,54912,54916,54926,54930,54942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54885,54886,54888,54890,54892,54894,54896,54898,54900,54902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54887,1347],{"class":58},[52,54889,63],{"class":62},[52,54891,3743],{"class":66},[52,54893,71],{"class":70},[52,54895,74],{"class":66},[52,54897,77],{"class":70},[52,54899,74],{"class":66},[52,54901,104],{"class":70},[52,54903,3756],{"class":66},[52,54905,54906,54908,54910],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54907,1364],{"class":58},[52,54909,63],{"class":62},[52,54911,36283],{"class":58},[52,54913,54914],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54915,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54917,54918,54920,54922,54924],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,54919,30],{"class":58},[52,54921,89],{"class":66},[52,54923,11500],{"class":92},[52,54925,8764],{"class":66},[52,54927,54928],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,54929,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,54931,54932,54934,54936,54938,54940],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,54933,119],{"class":118},[52,54935,122],{"class":66},[52,54937,30],{"class":92},[52,54939,3782],{"class":66},[52,54941,54515],{"class":133},[52,54943,54944,54946,54948,54950,54952],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,54945,119],{"class":118},[52,54947,122],{"class":66},[52,54949,1393],{"class":92},[52,54951,3782],{"class":66},[52,54953,54515],{"class":133},[20,54955,10708,54956,668,54958,54960],{},[15,54957,30],{},[15,54959,1393],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1324,54962,54964,54967],{"id":54963},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54965,54966],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[43,54969,54971],{"className":45,"code":54970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54972,54973,54993,55001,55005,55013,55017,55029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54974,54975,54977,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54976,1347],{"class":58},[52,54978,63],{"class":62},[52,54980,3743],{"class":66},[52,54982,71],{"class":70},[52,54984,74],{"class":66},[52,54986,77],{"class":70},[52,54988,74],{"class":66},[52,54990,104],{"class":70},[52,54992,3756],{"class":66},[52,54994,54995,54997,54999],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,54996,1364],{"class":58},[52,54998,63],{"class":62},[52,55000,36283],{"class":58},[52,55002,55003],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55004,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55006,55007,55009,55011],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55008,1347],{"class":58},[52,55010,63],{"class":62},[52,55012,7957],{"class":66},[52,55014,55015],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,55016,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55018,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,55020,119],{"class":118},[52,55022,122],{"class":66},[52,55024,30],{"class":92},[52,55026,3782],{"class":66},[52,55028,54515],{"class":133},[52,55030,55031,55033,55035,55037,55039],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,55032,119],{"class":118},[52,55034,122],{"class":66},[52,55036,1393],{"class":92},[52,55038,3782],{"class":66},[52,55040,55041],{"class":133},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55043,20882,55044,55046,55047,55049],{},[15,55045,30],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55048,1393],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55051,55052],{},"This difference matters when:",[154,55054,55055,55058,55061],{},[157,55056,55057],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[157,55059,55060],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[157,55062,55063],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55065,55066,55067,89],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[30,55068,55070,55071,10859],{"href":55069},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55072,12893],{},[38,55074,5078,55075],{"id":12554},[15,55076,11439],{},[20,55078,137,55079,6438],{},[15,55080,11439],{},[154,55082,55083,55086,55089],{},[157,55084,55085],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[157,55087,55088],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[157,55090,55091],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55093,347],{},[43,55095,55097],{"className":45,"code":55096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55098,55099,55135,55139,55144,55155,55159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55100,55101,55104,55106,55108,55110,55113,55115,55117,55119,55122,55124,55126,55128,55131,55133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55102,55103],{"class":58},"shopping_cart ",[52,55105,63],{"class":62},[52,55107,3743],{"class":66},[52,55109,189],{"class":188},[52,55111,55112],{"class":192},"milk",[52,55114,189],{"class":188},[52,55116,74],{"class":66},[52,55118,200],{"class":188},[52,55120,55121],{"class":192},"bread",[52,55123,189],{"class":188},[52,55125,74],{"class":66},[52,55127,200],{"class":188},[52,55129,55130],{"class":192},"eggs",[52,55132,189],{"class":188},[52,55134,3756],{"class":66},[52,55136,55137],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55138,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55140,55141],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55142,55143],{"class":133},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[52,55145,55146,55149,55151,55153],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55147,55148],{"class":58},"shopping_cart",[52,55150,89],{"class":66},[52,55152,11500],{"class":92},[52,55154,8764],{"class":66},[52,55156,55157],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,55158,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55160,55161,55163,55165,55167,55169],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,55162,119],{"class":118},[52,55164,122],{"class":66},[52,55166,55148],{"class":92},[52,55168,3782],{"class":66},[52,55170,54515],{"class":133},[20,55172,55173,55174,55178,55179,55185,55186,89],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[30,55175,55177],{"href":55176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[30,55180,55182,10859],{"href":55181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55183,55184],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[30,55187,55189,10859],{"href":55188},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55190,55191],{},"list.pop()",[38,55193,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,55195,55197,55198,1990,55201],{"id":55196},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55199,55200],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55202,55203],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55205,55206],{},"This does not call the method.",[43,55208,55210],{"className":45,"code":55209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55211,55212,55232,55236,55245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55213,55214,55216,55218,55220,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55215,7897],{"class":58},[52,55217,63],{"class":62},[52,55219,3743],{"class":66},[52,55221,71],{"class":70},[52,55223,74],{"class":66},[52,55225,77],{"class":70},[52,55227,74],{"class":66},[52,55229,104],{"class":70},[52,55231,3756],{"class":66},[52,55233,55234],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55235,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55237,55238,55240,55242],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55239,7928],{"class":58},[52,55241,89],{"class":66},[52,55243,55244],{"class":24860},"clear\n",[52,55246,55247,55249,55251,55253],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55248,119],{"class":118},[52,55250,122],{"class":66},[52,55252,7928],{"class":92},[52,55254,127],{"class":66},[20,55256,2193],{},[43,55258,55260],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55261,55262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55263,55264,55266,55268,55270,55272,55274,55276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55265,4020],{"class":66},[52,55267,71],{"class":70},[52,55269,74],{"class":66},[52,55271,77],{"class":70},[52,55273,74],{"class":66},[52,55275,104],{"class":70},[52,55277,3756],{"class":66},[20,55279,55280],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55282,10925],{},[43,55284,55286],{"className":45,"code":55285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55287,55288,55308,55312,55322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55289,55290,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300,55302,55304,55306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55291,7897],{"class":58},[52,55293,63],{"class":62},[52,55295,3743],{"class":66},[52,55297,71],{"class":70},[52,55299,74],{"class":66},[52,55301,77],{"class":70},[52,55303,74],{"class":66},[52,55305,104],{"class":70},[52,55307,3756],{"class":66},[52,55309,55310],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55311,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55313,55314,55316,55318,55320],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55315,7928],{"class":58},[52,55317,89],{"class":66},[52,55319,11500],{"class":92},[52,55321,8764],{"class":66},[52,55323,55324,55326,55328,55330,55332],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55325,119],{"class":118},[52,55327,122],{"class":66},[52,55329,7928],{"class":92},[52,55331,3782],{"class":66},[52,55333,54515],{"class":133},[1324,55335,8574,55337,55339],{"id":55336},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55338,11439],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55341,55342,442,55344,55346],{},[15,55343,11439],{},[15,55345,445],{},", not the list.",[43,55348,55350],{"className":45,"code":55349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55351,55352,55372,55386,55390,55402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55353,55354,55356,55358,55360,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55355,7897],{"class":58},[52,55357,63],{"class":62},[52,55359,3743],{"class":66},[52,55361,71],{"class":70},[52,55363,74],{"class":66},[52,55365,77],{"class":70},[52,55367,74],{"class":66},[52,55369,104],{"class":70},[52,55371,3756],{"class":66},[52,55373,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55375,474],{"class":58},[52,55377,63],{"class":62},[52,55379,6085],{"class":58},[52,55381,89],{"class":66},[52,55383,11500],{"class":92},[52,55385,8764],{"class":66},[52,55387,55388],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55389,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55391,55392,55394,55396,55398,55400],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55393,119],{"class":118},[52,55395,122],{"class":66},[52,55397,507],{"class":92},[52,55399,3782],{"class":66},[52,55401,20987],{"class":133},[52,55403,55404,55406,55408,55410,55412],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,55405,119],{"class":118},[52,55407,122],{"class":66},[52,55409,7928],{"class":92},[52,55411,3782],{"class":66},[52,55413,54763],{"class":133},[1324,55415,8538,55417,55419],{"id":55416},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55418,11439],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55421,55422,55423,55425],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55424,11439],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55427,55428],{},"This will fail:",[43,55430,55432],{"className":45,"code":55431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55433,55434,55446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55435,55436,55438,55440,55442,55444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55437,34795],{"class":58},[52,55439,63],{"class":62},[52,55441,200],{"class":188},[52,55443,3964],{"class":192},[52,55445,3479],{"class":188},[52,55447,55448,55450,55452,55454],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55449,34816],{"class":58},[52,55451,89],{"class":66},[52,55453,11500],{"class":92},[52,55455,8764],{"class":66},[20,55457,55458,55459,33707],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55460,11439],{},[20,55462,55463,55464,55466],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55465,445],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55468,55469],{},"Useful checks:",[43,55471,55473],{"className":45,"code":55472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55474,55475,55485,55499,55513,55522,55532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55476,55477,55479,55481,55483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55478,119],{"class":118},[52,55480,122],{"class":66},[52,55482,8459],{"class":92},[52,55484,127],{"class":66},[52,55486,55487,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55488,119],{"class":118},[52,55490,122],{"class":66},[52,55492,3340],{"class":3020},[52,55494,122],{"class":66},[52,55496,8459],{"class":92},[52,55498,2150],{"class":66},[52,55500,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509,55511],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55502,119],{"class":118},[52,55504,122],{"class":66},[52,55506,12766],{"class":118},[52,55508,122],{"class":66},[52,55510,8459],{"class":92},[52,55512,2150],{"class":66},[52,55514,55515,55517,55519],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55516,43658],{"class":58},[52,55518,63],{"class":62},[52,55520,55521],{"class":58}," my_list\n",[52,55523,55524,55526,55528,55530],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,55525,8459],{"class":58},[52,55527,89],{"class":66},[52,55529,11500],{"class":92},[52,55531,8764],{"class":66},[52,55533,55534,55536,55538,55540],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,55535,119],{"class":118},[52,55537,122],{"class":66},[52,55539,30852],{"class":92},[52,55541,127],{"class":66},[20,55543,55544],{},"These can help you see:",[154,55546,55547,55550,55553],{},[157,55548,55549],{},"What the variable currently contains",[157,55551,55552],{},"Whether it is really a list",[157,55554,55555],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55557,55558,55559,89],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[30,55560,55561],{"href":54405},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[38,55563,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,55565,1937,55567,55569],{"id":55566},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55568,54458],{}," delete the list?",[20,55571,55572],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1324,55574,1937,55576,55578],{"id":55575},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55577,54458],{}," return a new list?",[20,55580,55581,55582,55584],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55583,445],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1324,55586,1959,55588,668,55590,1964],{"id":55587},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55589,11439],{},[15,55591,54966],{},[20,55593,55594,55596,55597,55599],{},[15,55595,11439],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55598,54966],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1324,55601,1949,55603,55605],{"id":55602},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55604,11439],{}," on other types?",[20,55607,55608,55609,55611],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55610,11439],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[38,55613,1996],{"id":1995},[154,55615,55616,55620,55625,55632,55639,55645],{},[157,55617,55618],{},[30,55619,52880],{"href":54679},[157,55621,55622],{},[30,55623,55624],{"href":55176},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[157,55626,55627],{},[30,55628,55629,55630,10859],{"href":55188},"Python list ",[15,55631,12879],{},[157,55633,55634],{},[30,55635,55629,55636,10859],{"href":55181},[15,55637,55638],{},"remove()",[157,55640,55641],{},[30,55642,55629,55643,10859],{"href":55069},[15,55644,12893],{},[157,55646,55647],{},[30,55648,30458,55649,33740],{"href":54405},[15,55650,55651],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2044,55653,55654],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":55656},[55657,55658,55660,55661,55662,55663,55670,55671,55679,55689],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":54523,"depth":83,"text":55659},"What list.clear() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":54837,"depth":83,"text":55664,"children":55665},"clear() vs assigning []",[55666,55668],{"id":54875,"depth":115,"text":55667},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54963,"depth":115,"text":55669},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12554,"depth":83,"text":12925},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":55672},[55673,55675,55677],{"id":55196,"depth":115,"text":55674},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55336,"depth":115,"text":55676},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55416,"depth":115,"text":55678},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":55680},[55681,55683,55685,55687],{"id":55566,"depth":115,"text":55682},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55575,"depth":115,"text":55684},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55587,"depth":115,"text":55686},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55602,"depth":115,"text":55688},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54445,"description":55690},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55697,"title":55698,"body":55699,"description":57383,"extension":2083,"meta":57384,"navigation":240,"path":57385,"seo":57386,"stem":57387,"__hash__":57388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55700,"toc":57351},[55701,55706,55712,55720,55722,55811,55818,55823,55827,55841,55843,55920,55922,55983,55986,55988,55990,56011,56014,56028,56031,56076,56078,56086,56089,56095,56101,56104,56181,56183,56228,56231,56236,56319,56321,56362,56367,56371,56377,56379,56387,56390,56483,56485,56543,56546,56562,56567,56577,56582,56584,56589,56594,56597,56599,56656,56659,56712,56718,56723,56727,56744,56746,56830,56832,56873,56881,56883,56888,56894,56896,56959,56964,57033,57037,57072,57075,57077,57116,57120,57196,57202,57208,57213,57235,57238,57257,57265,57267,57273,57276,57283,57291,57296,57299,57303,57309,57317,57320,57322,57348],[10,55702,54451,55704,18],{"id":55703},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55705,12893],{},[20,55707,55708,55711],{},[15,55709,55710],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55713,55714,55715,982,55717,55719],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55716,63],{},[984,55718,986],{}," make a real copy.",[38,55721,2125],{"id":2124},[43,55723,55725],{"className":45,"code":55724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55726,55727,55747,55762,55766,55781,55785,55798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55728,55729,55731,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55730,59],{"class":58},[52,55732,63],{"class":62},[52,55734,3743],{"class":66},[52,55736,71],{"class":70},[52,55738,74],{"class":66},[52,55740,77],{"class":70},[52,55742,74],{"class":66},[52,55744,104],{"class":70},[52,55746,3756],{"class":66},[52,55748,55749,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55750,55751],{"class":58},"new_numbers ",[52,55753,63],{"class":62},[52,55755,479],{"class":58},[52,55757,89],{"class":66},[52,55759,13028],{"class":92},[52,55761,8764],{"class":66},[52,55763,55764],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55765,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55767,55768,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55769,55770],{"class":58},"new_numbers",[52,55772,89],{"class":66},[52,55774,13668],{"class":92},[52,55776,122],{"class":66},[52,55778,391],{"class":70},[52,55780,127],{"class":66},[52,55782,55783],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,55784,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55786,55787,55789,55791,55793,55795],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,55788,119],{"class":118},[52,55790,122],{"class":66},[52,55792,86],{"class":92},[52,55794,3782],{"class":66},[52,55796,55797],{"class":133},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,55799,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,55801,119],{"class":118},[52,55803,122],{"class":66},[52,55805,55770],{"class":92},[52,55807,3782],{"class":66},[52,55809,55810],{"class":133},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55812,137,55813,55815,55816,89],{},[15,55814,55710],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[984,55817,12967],{},[38,55819,144,55821,147],{"id":55820},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55822,55710],{},[20,55824,55825,152],{},[15,55826,55710],{},[154,55828,55829,55832,55835,55838],{},[157,55830,55831],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[157,55833,55834],{},"Returns that new list",[157,55836,55837],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[157,55839,55840],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55842,347],{},[43,55844,55846],{"className":45,"code":55845,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55847,55848,55880,55895,55899,55909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55849,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876,55878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55851,1116],{"class":58},[52,55853,63],{"class":62},[52,55855,3743],{"class":66},[52,55857,189],{"class":188},[52,55859,1125],{"class":192},[52,55861,189],{"class":188},[52,55863,74],{"class":66},[52,55865,200],{"class":188},[52,55867,1145],{"class":192},[52,55869,189],{"class":188},[52,55871,74],{"class":66},[52,55873,200],{"class":188},[52,55875,1216],{"class":192},[52,55877,189],{"class":188},[52,55879,3756],{"class":66},[52,55881,55882,55885,55887,55889,55891,55893],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55883,55884],{"class":58},"copied_fruits ",[52,55886,63],{"class":62},[52,55888,52960],{"class":58},[52,55890,89],{"class":66},[52,55892,13028],{"class":92},[52,55894,8764],{"class":66},[52,55896,55897],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55898,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,55900,55901,55903,55905,55907],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,55902,119],{"class":118},[52,55904,122],{"class":66},[52,55906,1134],{"class":92},[52,55908,127],{"class":66},[52,55910,55911,55913,55915,55918],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,55912,119],{"class":118},[52,55914,122],{"class":66},[52,55916,55917],{"class":92},"copied_fruits",[52,55919,127],{"class":66},[20,55921,2193],{},[43,55923,55925],{"className":45,"code":55924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55926,55927,55955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55928,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55930,4020],{"class":66},[52,55932,3420],{"class":188},[52,55934,1125],{"class":192},[52,55936,3420],{"class":188},[52,55938,74],{"class":66},[52,55940,3415],{"class":188},[52,55942,1145],{"class":192},[52,55944,3420],{"class":188},[52,55946,74],{"class":66},[52,55948,3415],{"class":188},[52,55950,1216],{"class":192},[52,55952,3420],{"class":188},[52,55954,3756],{"class":66},[52,55956,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975,55977,55979,55981],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,55958,4020],{"class":66},[52,55960,3420],{"class":188},[52,55962,1125],{"class":192},[52,55964,3420],{"class":188},[52,55966,74],{"class":66},[52,55968,3415],{"class":188},[52,55970,1145],{"class":192},[52,55972,3420],{"class":188},[52,55974,74],{"class":66},[52,55976,3415],{"class":188},[52,55978,1216],{"class":192},[52,55980,3420],{"class":188},[52,55982,3756],{"class":66},[20,55984,55985],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[38,55987,268],{"id":267},[20,55989,2282],{},[43,55991,55993],{"className":45,"code":55992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55994,55995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55996,55997,56000,56002,56005,56007,56009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55998,55999],{"class":58},"new_list ",[52,56001,63],{"class":62},[52,56003,56004],{"class":58}," old_list",[52,56006,89],{"class":66},[52,56008,13028],{"class":92},[52,56010,8764],{"class":66},[20,56012,56013],{},"How it works:",[154,56015,56016,56022,56025],{},[157,56017,56018,56019,56021],{},"Call ",[15,56020,12893],{}," on an existing list",[157,56023,56024],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[157,56026,56027],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56029,56030],{},"Example with an empty list:",[43,56032,56034],{"className":45,"code":56033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56035,56036,56045,56061,56065],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56037,56038,56041,56043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56039,56040],{"class":58},"empty_list ",[52,56042,63],{"class":62},[52,56044,7957],{"class":66},[52,56046,56047,56050,56052,56055,56057,56059],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56048,56049],{"class":58},"new_empty_list ",[52,56051,63],{"class":62},[52,56053,56054],{"class":58}," empty_list",[52,56056,89],{"class":66},[52,56058,13028],{"class":92},[52,56060,8764],{"class":66},[52,56062,56063],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56064,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56066,56067,56069,56071,56074],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56068,119],{"class":118},[52,56070,122],{"class":66},[52,56072,56073],{"class":92},"new_empty_list",[52,56075,127],{"class":66},[20,56077,2193],{},[43,56079,56080],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,56081,56082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56083,56084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56085,38404],{"class":66},[20,56087,56088],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[38,56090,56092,56093],{"id":56091},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56094,63],{},[20,56096,8538,56097,982,56099,52776],{},[15,56098,63],{},[984,56100,986],{},[20,56102,56103],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[43,56105,56107],{"className":45,"code":56106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56108,56109,56129,56138,56142,56157,56161,56171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56110,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56112,59],{"class":58},[52,56114,63],{"class":62},[52,56116,3743],{"class":66},[52,56118,71],{"class":70},[52,56120,74],{"class":66},[52,56122,77],{"class":70},[52,56124,74],{"class":66},[52,56126,104],{"class":70},[52,56128,3756],{"class":66},[52,56130,56131,56134,56136],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56132,56133],{"class":58},"same_list ",[52,56135,63],{"class":62},[52,56137,44091],{"class":58},[52,56139,56140],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56141,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56143,56144,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56145,56146],{"class":58},"same_list",[52,56148,89],{"class":66},[52,56150,13668],{"class":92},[52,56152,122],{"class":66},[52,56154,391],{"class":70},[52,56156,127],{"class":66},[52,56158,56159],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,56160,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56162,56163,56165,56167,56169],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,56164,119],{"class":118},[52,56166,122],{"class":66},[52,56168,86],{"class":92},[52,56170,127],{"class":66},[52,56172,56173,56175,56177,56179],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,56174,119],{"class":118},[52,56176,122],{"class":66},[52,56178,56146],{"class":92},[52,56180,127],{"class":66},[20,56182,2193],{},[43,56184,56186],{"className":45,"code":56185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56187,56188,56208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56191,4020],{"class":66},[52,56193,71],{"class":70},[52,56195,74],{"class":66},[52,56197,77],{"class":70},[52,56199,74],{"class":66},[52,56201,104],{"class":70},[52,56203,74],{"class":66},[52,56205,109],{"class":70},[52,56207,3756],{"class":66},[52,56209,56210,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56211,4020],{"class":66},[52,56213,71],{"class":70},[52,56215,74],{"class":66},[52,56217,77],{"class":70},[52,56219,74],{"class":66},[52,56221,104],{"class":70},[52,56223,74],{"class":66},[52,56225,109],{"class":70},[52,56227,3756],{"class":66},[20,56229,56230],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56232,56233,56234,152],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56235,12893],{},[43,56237,56239],{"className":45,"code":56238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56240,56241,56261,56276,56280,56295,56299,56309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56242,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56244,59],{"class":58},[52,56246,63],{"class":62},[52,56248,3743],{"class":66},[52,56250,71],{"class":70},[52,56252,74],{"class":66},[52,56254,77],{"class":70},[52,56256,74],{"class":66},[52,56258,104],{"class":70},[52,56260,3756],{"class":66},[52,56262,56263,56266,56268,56270,56272,56274],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56264,56265],{"class":58},"copied_numbers ",[52,56267,63],{"class":62},[52,56269,479],{"class":58},[52,56271,89],{"class":66},[52,56273,13028],{"class":92},[52,56275,8764],{"class":66},[52,56277,56278],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56279,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56281,56282,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56283,56284],{"class":58},"copied_numbers",[52,56286,89],{"class":66},[52,56288,13668],{"class":92},[52,56290,122],{"class":66},[52,56292,391],{"class":70},[52,56294,127],{"class":66},[52,56296,56297],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,56298,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56300,56301,56303,56305,56307],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,56302,119],{"class":118},[52,56304,122],{"class":66},[52,56306,86],{"class":92},[52,56308,127],{"class":66},[52,56310,56311,56313,56315,56317],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,56312,119],{"class":118},[52,56314,122],{"class":66},[52,56316,56284],{"class":92},[52,56318,127],{"class":66},[20,56320,2193],{},[43,56322,56324],{"className":45,"code":56323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56325,56326,56342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56327,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56329,4020],{"class":66},[52,56331,71],{"class":70},[52,56333,74],{"class":66},[52,56335,77],{"class":70},[52,56337,74],{"class":66},[52,56339,104],{"class":70},[52,56341,3756],{"class":66},[52,56343,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358,56360],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56345,4020],{"class":66},[52,56347,71],{"class":70},[52,56349,74],{"class":66},[52,56351,77],{"class":70},[52,56353,74],{"class":66},[52,56355,104],{"class":70},[52,56357,74],{"class":66},[52,56359,109],{"class":70},[52,56361,3756],{"class":66},[20,56363,56364,56365,89],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[30,56366,52880],{"href":51088},[38,56368,56370],{"id":56369},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56372,56373,12964,56375,89],{},[15,56374,55710],{},[984,56376,12967],{},[20,56378,2230],{},[154,56380,56381,56384],{},[157,56382,56383],{},"The outer list is new",[157,56385,56386],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56388,56389],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[43,56391,56393],{"className":45,"code":56392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56394,56395,56422,56436,56440,56459,56463,56473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56396,56397,56399,56401,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56398,12202],{"class":58},[52,56400,63],{"class":62},[52,56402,56403],{"class":66}," [[",[52,56405,71],{"class":70},[52,56407,74],{"class":66},[52,56409,77],{"class":70},[52,56411,385],{"class":66},[52,56413,3743],{"class":66},[52,56415,488],{"class":70},[52,56417,74],{"class":66},[52,56419,109],{"class":70},[52,56421,53351],{"class":66},[52,56423,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56425,14426],{"class":58},[52,56427,63],{"class":62},[52,56429,12277],{"class":58},[52,56431,89],{"class":66},[52,56433,13028],{"class":92},[52,56435,8764],{"class":66},[52,56437,56438],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56439,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56441,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450,56452,56454,56457],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56443,14445],{"class":58},[52,56445,4020],{"class":66},[52,56447,2243],{"class":70},[52,56449,13665],{"class":66},[52,56451,13668],{"class":92},[52,56453,122],{"class":66},[52,56455,56456],{"class":70},"99",[52,56458,127],{"class":66},[52,56460,56461],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,56462,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56464,56465,56467,56469,56471],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,56466,119],{"class":118},[52,56468,122],{"class":66},[52,56470,12249],{"class":92},[52,56472,127],{"class":66},[52,56474,56475,56477,56479,56481],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,56476,119],{"class":118},[52,56478,122],{"class":66},[52,56480,14445],{"class":92},[52,56482,127],{"class":66},[20,56484,2193],{},[43,56486,56488],{"className":45,"code":56487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56489,56490,56517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56491,56492,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56493,56494],{"class":66},"[[",[52,56496,71],{"class":70},[52,56498,74],{"class":66},[52,56500,77],{"class":70},[52,56502,74],{"class":66},[52,56504,10316],{"class":70},[52,56506,385],{"class":66},[52,56508,3743],{"class":66},[52,56510,488],{"class":70},[52,56512,74],{"class":66},[52,56514,109],{"class":70},[52,56516,53351],{"class":66},[52,56518,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56520,56494],{"class":66},[52,56522,71],{"class":70},[52,56524,74],{"class":66},[52,56526,77],{"class":70},[52,56528,74],{"class":66},[52,56530,10316],{"class":70},[52,56532,385],{"class":66},[52,56534,3743],{"class":66},[52,56536,488],{"class":70},[52,56538,74],{"class":66},[52,56540,109],{"class":70},[52,56542,53351],{"class":66},[20,56544,56545],{},"Why did both change?",[154,56547,56548,56555],{},[157,56549,56550,668,56552,56554],{},[15,56551,12249],{},[15,56553,14445],{}," are different outer lists",[157,56556,56557,56558,56561],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56559,56560],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56563,53762,56564,56566],{},[15,56565,12893],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[154,56568,56569,56572,56575],{},[157,56570,56571],{},"Numbers",[157,56573,56574],{},"Strings",[157,56576,40702],{},[20,56578,56579,56580,89],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[30,56581,13906],{"href":13905},[38,56583,17533],{"id":17532},[20,56585,56586,56588],{},[15,56587,55710],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56590,41013,56591,56593],{},[984,56592,986],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56595,56596],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56598,16769],{},[43,56600,56602],{"className":45,"code":56601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56603,56604,56628,56642,56646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56605,56606,56608,56610,56612,56614,56616,56618,56620,56622,56624,56626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56607,181],{"class":58},[52,56609,63],{"class":62},[52,56611,3743],{"class":66},[52,56613,189],{"class":188},[52,56615,193],{"class":192},[52,56617,189],{"class":188},[52,56619,74],{"class":66},[52,56621,200],{"class":188},[52,56623,203],{"class":192},[52,56625,189],{"class":188},[52,56627,3756],{"class":66},[52,56629,56630,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56631,13233],{"class":58},[52,56633,63],{"class":62},[52,56635,13238],{"class":58},[52,56637,89],{"class":66},[52,56639,13028],{"class":92},[52,56641,8764],{"class":66},[52,56643,56644],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56645,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56647,56648,56650,56652,56654],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56649,119],{"class":118},[52,56651,122],{"class":66},[52,56653,13257],{"class":92},[52,56655,127],{"class":66},[20,56657,56658],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[43,56660,56662],{"className":45,"code":56661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56663,56664,56688,56698,56702],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56665,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56667,181],{"class":58},[52,56669,63],{"class":62},[52,56671,3743],{"class":66},[52,56673,189],{"class":188},[52,56675,193],{"class":192},[52,56677,189],{"class":188},[52,56679,74],{"class":66},[52,56681,200],{"class":188},[52,56683,203],{"class":192},[52,56685,189],{"class":188},[52,56687,3756],{"class":66},[52,56689,56690,56692,56694,56696],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56691,212],{"class":58},[52,56693,89],{"class":66},[52,56695,13028],{"class":92},[52,56697,8764],{"class":66},[52,56699,56700],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56701,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56703,56704,56706,56708,56710],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56705,119],{"class":118},[52,56707,122],{"class":66},[52,56709,212],{"class":92},[52,56711,127],{"class":66},[20,56713,56714,56715,56717],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56716,12893],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[38,56719,5078,56721],{"id":56720},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56722,55710],{},[20,56724,137,56725,10719],{},[15,56726,55710],{},[154,56728,56729,56732,56735,56738],{},[157,56730,56731],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[157,56733,56734],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[157,56736,56737],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[157,56739,56740,56741],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56742,56743],{},"[:]",[20,56745,347],{},[43,56747,56749],{"className":45,"code":56748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56750,56751,56771,56786,56790,56805,56809,56819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56752,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56754,5181],{"class":58},[52,56756,63],{"class":62},[52,56758,3743],{"class":66},[52,56760,2452],{"class":70},[52,56762,74],{"class":66},[52,56764,7908],{"class":70},[52,56766,74],{"class":66},[52,56768,7913],{"class":70},[52,56770,3756],{"class":66},[52,56772,56773,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56774,56775],{"class":58},"backup_scores ",[52,56777,63],{"class":62},[52,56779,5228],{"class":58},[52,56781,89],{"class":66},[52,56783,13028],{"class":92},[52,56785,8764],{"class":66},[52,56787,56788],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56789,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56791,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56803],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56793,16502],{"class":58},[52,56795,89],{"class":66},[52,56797,13668],{"class":92},[52,56799,122],{"class":66},[52,56801,56802],{"class":70},"40",[52,56804,127],{"class":66},[52,56806,56807],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,56808,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56810,56811,56813,56815,56817],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,56812,119],{"class":118},[52,56814,122],{"class":66},[52,56816,16502],{"class":92},[52,56818,127],{"class":66},[52,56820,56821,56823,56825,56828],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,56822,119],{"class":118},[52,56824,122],{"class":66},[52,56826,56827],{"class":92},"backup_scores",[52,56829,127],{"class":66},[20,56831,2193],{},[43,56833,56835],{"className":45,"code":56834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56836,56837,56857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56838,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56840,4020],{"class":66},[52,56842,2452],{"class":70},[52,56844,74],{"class":66},[52,56846,7908],{"class":70},[52,56848,74],{"class":66},[52,56850,7913],{"class":70},[52,56852,74],{"class":66},[52,56854,50952],{"class":70},[52,56856,3756],{"class":66},[52,56858,56859,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56860,4020],{"class":66},[52,56862,2452],{"class":70},[52,56864,74],{"class":66},[52,56866,7908],{"class":70},[52,56868,74],{"class":66},[52,56870,7913],{"class":70},[52,56872,3756],{"class":66},[20,56874,56875,56876,89],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[30,56877,55629,56879,10859],{"href":56878},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56880,52761],{},[38,56882,4636],{"id":4635},[20,56884,56885,56886,89],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56887,55710],{},[1324,56889,8538,56891,56893],{"id":56890},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56892,63],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56895,39305],{},[43,56897,56899],{"className":45,"code":56898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56900,56901,56921,56929,56943,56947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56902,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915,56917,56919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56904,1347],{"class":58},[52,56906,63],{"class":62},[52,56908,3743],{"class":66},[52,56910,71],{"class":70},[52,56912,74],{"class":66},[52,56914,77],{"class":70},[52,56916,74],{"class":66},[52,56918,104],{"class":70},[52,56920,3756],{"class":66},[52,56922,56923,56925,56927],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56924,1364],{"class":58},[52,56926,63],{"class":62},[52,56928,36283],{"class":58},[52,56930,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56932,1393],{"class":58},[52,56934,89],{"class":66},[52,56936,13668],{"class":92},[52,56938,122],{"class":66},[52,56940,391],{"class":70},[52,56942,127],{"class":66},[52,56944,56945],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,56946,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,56948,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,56950,119],{"class":118},[52,56952,122],{"class":66},[52,56954,30],{"class":92},[52,56956,3782],{"class":66},[52,56958,55810],{"class":133},[20,56960,56961,56962,1311],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56963,12893],{},[43,56965,56967],{"className":45,"code":56966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56968,56969,56989,57003,57017,57021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56970,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56972,1347],{"class":58},[52,56974,63],{"class":62},[52,56976,3743],{"class":66},[52,56978,71],{"class":70},[52,56980,74],{"class":66},[52,56982,77],{"class":70},[52,56984,74],{"class":66},[52,56986,104],{"class":70},[52,56988,3756],{"class":66},[52,56990,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,56992,1364],{"class":58},[52,56994,63],{"class":62},[52,56996,1472],{"class":58},[52,56998,89],{"class":66},[52,57000,13028],{"class":92},[52,57002,8764],{"class":66},[52,57004,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57006,1393],{"class":58},[52,57008,89],{"class":66},[52,57010,13668],{"class":92},[52,57012,122],{"class":66},[52,57014,391],{"class":70},[52,57016,127],{"class":66},[52,57018,57019],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,57020,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,57022,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,57024,119],{"class":118},[52,57026,122],{"class":66},[52,57028,30],{"class":92},[52,57030,3782],{"class":66},[52,57032,55041],{"class":133},[1324,57034,57036],{"id":57035},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[43,57038,57040],{"className":45,"code":57039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57041,57042,57062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57043,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57045,59],{"class":58},[52,57047,63],{"class":62},[52,57049,3743],{"class":66},[52,57051,71],{"class":70},[52,57053,74],{"class":66},[52,57055,77],{"class":70},[52,57057,74],{"class":66},[52,57059,104],{"class":70},[52,57061,3756],{"class":66},[52,57063,57064,57066,57068,57070],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57065,86],{"class":58},[52,57067,89],{"class":66},[52,57069,13028],{"class":92},[52,57071,8764],{"class":66},[20,57073,57074],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57076,39368],{},[43,57078,57080],{"className":45,"code":57079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57081,57082,57102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57083,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57085,59],{"class":58},[52,57087,63],{"class":62},[52,57089,3743],{"class":66},[52,57091,71],{"class":70},[52,57093,74],{"class":66},[52,57095,77],{"class":70},[52,57097,74],{"class":66},[52,57099,104],{"class":70},[52,57101,3756],{"class":66},[52,57103,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57105,56265],{"class":58},[52,57107,63],{"class":62},[52,57109,479],{"class":58},[52,57111,89],{"class":66},[52,57113,13028],{"class":92},[52,57115,8764],{"class":66},[1324,57117,57119],{"id":57118},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[43,57121,57123],{"className":45,"code":57122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57124,57125,57143,57157,57161,57179,57183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57126,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57128,1347],{"class":58},[52,57130,63],{"class":62},[52,57132,56403],{"class":66},[52,57134,71],{"class":70},[52,57136,385],{"class":66},[52,57138,3743],{"class":66},[52,57140,99],{"class":70},[52,57142,53351],{"class":66},[52,57144,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57146,1364],{"class":58},[52,57148,63],{"class":62},[52,57150,1472],{"class":58},[52,57152,89],{"class":66},[52,57154,13028],{"class":92},[52,57156,8764],{"class":66},[52,57158,57159],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57160,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,57162,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,57164,1393],{"class":58},[52,57166,4020],{"class":66},[52,57168,2243],{"class":70},[52,57170,13665],{"class":66},[52,57172,13668],{"class":92},[52,57174,122],{"class":66},[52,57176,56456],{"class":70},[52,57178,127],{"class":66},[52,57180,57181],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,57182,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,57184,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,57186,119],{"class":118},[52,57188,122],{"class":66},[52,57190,30],{"class":92},[52,57192,3782],{"class":66},[52,57194,57195],{"class":133},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57197,57198,57199,57201],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57200,55710],{}," is shallow.",[1324,57203,25727,57205,57207],{"id":57204},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57206,12893],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57209,57210,57212],{},[15,57211,12893],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[43,57214,57216],{"className":45,"code":57215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57217,57218,57230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57219,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57221,7995],{"class":58},[52,57223,63],{"class":62},[52,57225,200],{"class":188},[52,57227,5121],{"class":192},[52,57229,3479],{"class":188},[52,57231,57232],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57233,57234],{"class":133},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57236,57237],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[43,57239,57241],{"className":45,"code":57240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57242,57243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57244,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57246,119],{"class":118},[52,57248,122],{"class":66},[52,57250,3340],{"class":3020},[52,57252,122],{"class":66},[52,57254,7786],{"class":92},[52,57256,2150],{"class":66},[20,57258,57259,57260,57264],{},"You can also review ",[30,57261,57263],{"href":57262},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[38,57266,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,57268,1937,57270,57272],{"id":57269},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57271,55710],{}," change the original list?",[20,57274,57275],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1324,57277,1959,57279,668,57281,1964],{"id":57278},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57280,55710],{},[15,57282,63],{},[20,57284,57285,57287,57288,57290],{},[15,57286,12893],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57289,63],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1324,57292,15018,57294,15021],{"id":57293},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57295,55710],{},[20,57297,57298],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1324,57300,57302],{"id":57301},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57304,42260,57305,57308],{},[15,57306,57307],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1324,57310,15018,57312,57314,57315,1964],{"id":57311},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57313,55710],{}," the same as ",[15,57316,56743],{},[20,57318,57319],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[38,57321,1996],{"id":1995},[154,57323,57324,57329,57333,57338,57344],{},[157,57325,57326],{},[30,57327,15079],{"href":57328},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[157,57330,57331],{},[30,57332,52880],{"href":51088},[157,57334,57335],{},[30,57336,57337],{"href":57262},"Creating a list in Python",[157,57339,57340],{},[30,57341,55629,57342,10859],{"href":56878},[15,57343,52761],{},[157,57345,57346],{},[30,57347,13906],{"href":13905},[2044,57349,57350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":57352},[57353,57354,57356,57357,57359,57360,57361,57363,57371,57382],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":55820,"depth":83,"text":57355},"What list.copy() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":56091,"depth":83,"text":57358},"Why not use =",{"id":56369,"depth":83,"text":56370},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":56720,"depth":83,"text":57362},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":57364},[57365,57367,57368,57369],{"id":56890,"depth":115,"text":57366},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57035,"depth":115,"text":57036},{"id":57118,"depth":115,"text":57119},{"id":57204,"depth":115,"text":57370},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":57372},[57373,57375,57377,57379,57380],{"id":57269,"depth":115,"text":57374},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57278,"depth":115,"text":57376},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57293,"depth":115,"text":57378},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57301,"depth":115,"text":57302},{"id":57311,"depth":115,"text":57381},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55698,"description":57383},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57390,"title":57391,"body":57392,"description":59133,"extension":2083,"meta":59134,"navigation":240,"path":59135,"seo":59136,"stem":59137,"__hash__":59138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57393,"toc":59092},[57394,57400,57406,57409,57420,57423,57425,57488,57494,57499,57503,57517,57520,57525,57530,57532,57534,57553,57565,57567,57634,57636,57644,57649,57651,57659,57662,57679,57681,57805,57816,57820,57825,57828,57830,57848,57852,57938,57947,57955,58024,58026,58029,58041,58046,58050,58121,58124,58128,58132,58197,58199,58207,58211,58293,58295,58303,58307,58368,58370,58378,58382,58469,58471,58479,58484,58489,58492,58503,58505,58590,58595,58604,58606,58610,58614,58619,58681,58685,58693,58699,58708,58713,58762,58765,58786,58790,58852,58859,58864,58867,58954,58957,58968,58971,58991,58993,58999,59002,59006,59010,59016,59019,59025,59032,59040,59051,59053,59089],[10,57395,54451,57397,18],{"id":57396},"python-list-count-method",[15,57398,57399],{},"count()",[20,57401,57402,57405],{},[15,57403,57404],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57407,57408],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[154,57410,57411,57414,57417],{},[157,57412,57413],{},"count one specific item",[157,57415,57416],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[157,57418,57419],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57421,57422],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[38,57424,41],{"id":40},[43,57426,57428],{"className":45,"code":57427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57429,57430,57458,57476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57431,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57433,59],{"class":58},[52,57435,63],{"class":62},[52,57437,3743],{"class":66},[52,57439,71],{"class":70},[52,57441,74],{"class":66},[52,57443,77],{"class":70},[52,57445,74],{"class":66},[52,57447,77],{"class":70},[52,57449,74],{"class":66},[52,57451,104],{"class":70},[52,57453,74],{"class":66},[52,57455,77],{"class":70},[52,57457,3756],{"class":66},[52,57459,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470,57472,57474],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57461,474],{"class":58},[52,57463,63],{"class":62},[52,57465,479],{"class":58},[52,57467,89],{"class":66},[52,57469,41367],{"class":92},[52,57471,122],{"class":66},[52,57473,99],{"class":70},[52,57475,127],{"class":66},[52,57477,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57479,119],{"class":118},[52,57481,122],{"class":66},[52,57483,507],{"class":92},[52,57485,3782],{"class":66},[52,57487,50879],{"class":133},[20,57489,137,57490,57493],{},[15,57491,57492],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[38,57495,144,57497,147],{"id":57496},"what-listcount-does",[15,57498,57404],{},[20,57500,57501,152],{},[15,57502,57404],{},[154,57504,57505,57508,57511,57514],{},[157,57506,57507],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[157,57509,57510],{},"returns an integer",[157,57512,57513],{},"does not change the original list",[157,57515,57516],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57518,57519],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57521,57522,57523,89],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57524,488],{},[20,57526,57527,57528,89],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57529,2243],{},[38,57531,268],{"id":267},[20,57533,2282],{},[43,57535,57537],{"className":45,"code":57536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57538,57539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57540,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57542,8459],{"class":58},[52,57544,89],{"class":66},[52,57546,41367],{"class":92},[52,57548,122],{"class":66},[52,57550,2593],{"class":92},[52,57552,127],{"class":66},[154,57554,57555,57560],{},[157,57556,57557,57559],{},[15,57558,8459],{}," is the list you want to search",[157,57561,57562,57564],{},[15,57563,2593],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57566,347],{},[43,57568,57570],{"className":45,"code":57569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57571,57572,57612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57573,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57575,921],{"class":58},[52,57577,63],{"class":62},[52,57579,3743],{"class":66},[52,57581,189],{"class":188},[52,57583,30],{"class":192},[52,57585,189],{"class":188},[52,57587,74],{"class":66},[52,57589,200],{"class":188},[52,57591,1393],{"class":192},[52,57593,189],{"class":188},[52,57595,74],{"class":66},[52,57597,200],{"class":188},[52,57599,30],{"class":192},[52,57601,189],{"class":188},[52,57603,74],{"class":66},[52,57605,200],{"class":188},[52,57607,1491],{"class":192},[52,57609,189],{"class":188},[52,57611,3756],{"class":66},[52,57613,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57615,119],{"class":118},[52,57617,122],{"class":66},[52,57619,939],{"class":92},[52,57621,89],{"class":66},[52,57623,41367],{"class":92},[52,57625,122],{"class":66},[52,57627,189],{"class":188},[52,57629,30],{"class":192},[52,57631,189],{"class":188},[52,57633,2150],{"class":66},[20,57635,2193],{},[43,57637,57638],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57639,57640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57641,57642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57643,17170],{"class":70},[20,57645,57646,57647,89],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57648,2243],{},[38,57650,38127],{"id":38126},[20,57652,57653,57654,57656,57657,89],{},"The return value from ",[15,57655,57399],{}," is always an ",[15,57658,2310],{},[20,57660,57661],{},"Possible results:",[154,57663,57664,57669,57674],{},[157,57665,57666,57668],{},[15,57667,2243],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[157,57670,57671,57673],{},[15,57672,71],{}," if it appears once",[157,57675,57676,57678],{},[15,57677,99],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57680,347],{},[43,57682,57684],{"className":45,"code":57683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57685,57686,57726,57730,57755,57780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57687,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57689,181],{"class":58},[52,57691,63],{"class":62},[52,57693,3743],{"class":66},[52,57695,189],{"class":188},[52,57697,193],{"class":192},[52,57699,189],{"class":188},[52,57701,74],{"class":66},[52,57703,200],{"class":188},[52,57705,203],{"class":192},[52,57707,189],{"class":188},[52,57709,74],{"class":66},[52,57711,200],{"class":188},[52,57713,231],{"class":192},[52,57715,189],{"class":188},[52,57717,74],{"class":66},[52,57719,200],{"class":188},[52,57721,203],{"class":192},[52,57723,189],{"class":188},[52,57725,3756],{"class":66},[52,57727,57728],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57729,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,57731,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57733,119],{"class":118},[52,57735,122],{"class":66},[52,57737,212],{"class":92},[52,57739,89],{"class":66},[52,57741,41367],{"class":92},[52,57743,122],{"class":66},[52,57745,189],{"class":188},[52,57747,203],{"class":192},[52,57749,189],{"class":188},[52,57751,5479],{"class":66},[52,57753,57754],{"class":133},"   # 2\n",[52,57756,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,57758,119],{"class":118},[52,57760,122],{"class":66},[52,57762,212],{"class":92},[52,57764,89],{"class":66},[52,57766,41367],{"class":92},[52,57768,122],{"class":66},[52,57770,189],{"class":188},[52,57772,193],{"class":192},[52,57774,189],{"class":188},[52,57776,5479],{"class":66},[52,57778,57779],{"class":133},"    # 1\n",[52,57781,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,57783,119],{"class":118},[52,57785,122],{"class":66},[52,57787,212],{"class":92},[52,57789,89],{"class":66},[52,57791,41367],{"class":92},[52,57793,122],{"class":66},[52,57795,189],{"class":188},[52,57797,22633],{"class":192},[52,57799,189],{"class":188},[52,57801,5479],{"class":66},[52,57803,57804],{"class":133}," # 0\n",[20,57806,57807,57808,57810,57811,57813,57814,89],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57809,57399],{}," works, but using ",[15,57812,4003],{}," is often simpler. See ",[30,57815,6318],{"href":6317},[38,57817,57819],{"id":57818},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57821,57822,57824],{},[15,57823,57404],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57826,57827],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57829,43759],{},[154,57831,57832,57835,57838,57845],{},[157,57833,57834],{},"matches are based on equality",[157,57836,57837],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[157,57839,57840,668,57842,57844],{},[15,57841,71],{},[15,57843,3726],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[157,57846,57847],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1324,57849,57851],{"id":57850},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[43,57853,57855],{"className":45,"code":57854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57856,57857,57890,57914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57858,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57860,1025],{"class":58},[52,57862,63],{"class":62},[52,57864,3743],{"class":66},[52,57866,189],{"class":188},[52,57868,1125],{"class":192},[52,57870,189],{"class":188},[52,57872,74],{"class":66},[52,57874,200],{"class":188},[52,57876,57877],{"class":192},"Apple",[52,57879,189],{"class":188},[52,57881,74],{"class":66},[52,57883,200],{"class":188},[52,57885,1125],{"class":192},[52,57887,189],{"class":188},[52,57889,3756],{"class":66},[52,57891,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57893,119],{"class":118},[52,57895,122],{"class":66},[52,57897,1043],{"class":92},[52,57899,89],{"class":66},[52,57901,41367],{"class":92},[52,57903,122],{"class":66},[52,57905,189],{"class":188},[52,57907,1125],{"class":192},[52,57909,189],{"class":188},[52,57911,5479],{"class":66},[52,57913,51524],{"class":133},[52,57915,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57917,119],{"class":118},[52,57919,122],{"class":66},[52,57921,1043],{"class":92},[52,57923,89],{"class":66},[52,57925,41367],{"class":92},[52,57927,122],{"class":66},[52,57929,189],{"class":188},[52,57931,57877],{"class":192},[52,57933,189],{"class":188},[52,57935,5479],{"class":66},[52,57937,27890],{"class":133},[20,57939,57940,668,57943,57946],{},[15,57941,57942],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57944,57945],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1324,57948,57950,668,57952,57954],{"id":57949},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57951,71],{},[15,57953,3726],{}," can match",[43,57956,57958],{"className":45,"code":57957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57959,57960,57984,58004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57961,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57963,357],{"class":58},[52,57965,63],{"class":62},[52,57967,3743],{"class":66},[52,57969,71],{"class":70},[52,57971,74],{"class":66},[52,57973,4036],{"class":3971},[52,57975,74],{"class":66},[52,57977,77],{"class":70},[52,57979,74],{"class":66},[52,57981,5616],{"class":70},[52,57983,3756],{"class":66},[52,57985,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,57987,119],{"class":118},[52,57989,122],{"class":66},[52,57991,370],{"class":92},[52,57993,89],{"class":66},[52,57995,41367],{"class":92},[52,57997,122],{"class":66},[52,57999,71],{"class":70},[52,58001,5479],{"class":66},[52,58003,51027],{"class":133},[52,58005,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58007,119],{"class":118},[52,58009,122],{"class":66},[52,58011,370],{"class":92},[52,58013,89],{"class":66},[52,58015,41367],{"class":92},[52,58017,122],{"class":66},[52,58019,3726],{"class":3971},[52,58021,5479],{"class":66},[52,58023,50879],{"class":133},[20,58025,4527],{},[20,58027,58028],{},"In Python:",[154,58030,58031,58036],{},[157,58032,58033],{},[15,58034,58035],{},"True == 1",[157,58037,58038],{},[15,58039,58040],{},"False == 0",[20,58042,53762,58043,58045],{},[15,58044,57399],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1324,58047,58049],{"id":58048},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[43,58051,58053],{"className":45,"code":58052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58054,58055,58097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58056,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58058,7897],{"class":58},[52,58060,63],{"class":62},[52,58062,56403],{"class":66},[52,58064,71],{"class":70},[52,58066,74],{"class":66},[52,58068,77],{"class":70},[52,58070,385],{"class":66},[52,58072,3743],{"class":66},[52,58074,488],{"class":70},[52,58076,74],{"class":66},[52,58078,109],{"class":70},[52,58080,385],{"class":66},[52,58082,3743],{"class":66},[52,58084,71],{"class":70},[52,58086,74],{"class":66},[52,58088,77],{"class":70},[52,58090,385],{"class":66},[52,58092,3743],{"class":66},[52,58094,71],{"class":70},[52,58096,53351],{"class":66},[52,58098,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58100,119],{"class":118},[52,58102,122],{"class":66},[52,58104,7928],{"class":92},[52,58106,89],{"class":66},[52,58108,41367],{"class":92},[52,58110,96],{"class":66},[52,58112,71],{"class":70},[52,58114,74],{"class":66},[52,58116,77],{"class":70},[52,58118,4852],{"class":66},[52,58120,51524],{"class":133},[20,58122,58123],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[38,58125,58127],{"id":58126},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1324,58129,58131],{"id":58130},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[43,58133,58135],{"className":45,"code":58134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58136,58137,58165,58183,58187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58138,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58140,59],{"class":58},[52,58142,63],{"class":62},[52,58144,3743],{"class":66},[52,58146,2452],{"class":70},[52,58148,74],{"class":66},[52,58150,7908],{"class":70},[52,58152,74],{"class":66},[52,58154,6124],{"class":70},[52,58156,74],{"class":66},[52,58158,7913],{"class":70},[52,58160,74],{"class":66},[52,58162,6124],{"class":70},[52,58164,3756],{"class":66},[52,58166,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58168,474],{"class":58},[52,58170,63],{"class":62},[52,58172,479],{"class":58},[52,58174,89],{"class":66},[52,58176,41367],{"class":92},[52,58178,122],{"class":66},[52,58180,2452],{"class":70},[52,58182,127],{"class":66},[52,58184,58185],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58186,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,58188,58189,58191,58193,58195],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,58190,119],{"class":118},[52,58192,122],{"class":66},[52,58194,507],{"class":92},[52,58196,127],{"class":66},[20,58198,2193],{},[43,58200,58201],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58202,58203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58204,58205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58206,46724],{"class":70},[1324,58208,58210],{"id":58209},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[43,58212,58214],{"className":45,"code":58213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58215,58216,58257,58279,58283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58217,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58253,58255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58219,1025],{"class":58},[52,58221,63],{"class":62},[52,58223,3743],{"class":66},[52,58225,189],{"class":188},[52,58227,950],{"class":192},[52,58229,189],{"class":188},[52,58231,74],{"class":66},[52,58233,200],{"class":188},[52,58235,1034],{"class":192},[52,58237,189],{"class":188},[52,58239,74],{"class":66},[52,58241,200],{"class":188},[52,58243,950],{"class":192},[52,58245,189],{"class":188},[52,58247,74],{"class":66},[52,58249,200],{"class":188},[52,58251,58252],{"class":192},"bird",[52,58254,189],{"class":188},[52,58256,3756],{"class":66},[52,58258,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58260,474],{"class":58},[52,58262,63],{"class":62},[52,58264,6288],{"class":58},[52,58266,89],{"class":66},[52,58268,41367],{"class":92},[52,58270,122],{"class":66},[52,58272,189],{"class":188},[52,58274,950],{"class":192},[52,58276,189],{"class":188},[52,58278,127],{"class":66},[52,58280,58281],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58282,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,58284,58285,58287,58289,58291],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,58286,119],{"class":118},[52,58288,122],{"class":66},[52,58290,507],{"class":92},[52,58292,127],{"class":66},[20,58294,2193],{},[43,58296,58297],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58298,58299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58300,58301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58302,17170],{"class":70},[1324,58304,58306],{"id":58305},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[43,58308,58310],{"className":45,"code":58309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58311,58312,58336,58354,58358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58313,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58315,59],{"class":58},[52,58317,63],{"class":62},[52,58319,3743],{"class":66},[52,58321,71],{"class":70},[52,58323,74],{"class":66},[52,58325,77],{"class":70},[52,58327,74],{"class":66},[52,58329,104],{"class":70},[52,58331,74],{"class":66},[52,58333,109],{"class":70},[52,58335,3756],{"class":66},[52,58337,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58339,474],{"class":58},[52,58341,63],{"class":62},[52,58343,479],{"class":58},[52,58345,89],{"class":66},[52,58347,41367],{"class":92},[52,58349,122],{"class":66},[52,58351,1705],{"class":70},[52,58353,127],{"class":66},[52,58355,58356],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58357,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,58359,58360,58362,58364,58366],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,58361,119],{"class":118},[52,58363,122],{"class":66},[52,58365,507],{"class":92},[52,58367,127],{"class":66},[20,58369,2193],{},[43,58371,58372],{"className":45,"code":47359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58373,58374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58375,58376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58377,47359],{"class":70},[1324,58379,58381],{"id":58380},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[43,58383,58385],{"className":45,"code":58384,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58386,58387,58433,58455,58459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58388,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58390,9288],{"class":58},[52,58392,63],{"class":62},[52,58394,56403],{"class":66},[52,58396,71],{"class":70},[52,58398,74],{"class":66},[52,58400,77],{"class":70},[52,58402,385],{"class":66},[52,58404,3743],{"class":66},[52,58406,71],{"class":70},[52,58408,74],{"class":66},[52,58410,77],{"class":70},[52,58412,385],{"class":66},[52,58414,3743],{"class":66},[52,58416,99],{"class":70},[52,58418,74],{"class":66},[52,58420,104],{"class":70},[52,58422,385],{"class":66},[52,58424,3743],{"class":66},[52,58426,71],{"class":70},[52,58428,74],{"class":66},[52,58430,77],{"class":70},[52,58432,53351],{"class":66},[52,58434,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58436,474],{"class":58},[52,58438,63],{"class":62},[52,58440,14681],{"class":58},[52,58442,89],{"class":66},[52,58444,41367],{"class":92},[52,58446,96],{"class":66},[52,58448,71],{"class":70},[52,58450,74],{"class":66},[52,58452,77],{"class":70},[52,58454,112],{"class":66},[52,58456,58457],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58458,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,58460,58461,58463,58465,58467],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,58462,119],{"class":118},[52,58464,122],{"class":66},[52,58466,507],{"class":92},[52,58468,127],{"class":66},[20,58470,2193],{},[43,58472,58473],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58474,58475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58476,58477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58478,46724],{"class":70},[38,58480,5078,58482],{"id":58481},"when-to-use-count",[15,58483,57399],{},[20,58485,137,58486,58488],{},[15,58487,57399],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58490,58491],{},"Good use cases:",[154,58493,58494,58497,58500],{},[157,58495,58496],{},"counting one specific item",[157,58498,58499],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[157,58501,58502],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58504,347],{},[43,58506,58508],{"className":45,"code":58507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58509,58510,58551,58575,58579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58511,58512,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58513,58514],{"class":58},"votes ",[52,58516,63],{"class":62},[52,58518,3743],{"class":66},[52,58520,189],{"class":188},[52,58522,8779],{"class":192},[52,58524,189],{"class":188},[52,58526,74],{"class":66},[52,58528,200],{"class":188},[52,58530,8719],{"class":192},[52,58532,189],{"class":188},[52,58534,74],{"class":66},[52,58536,200],{"class":188},[52,58538,8779],{"class":192},[52,58540,189],{"class":188},[52,58542,74],{"class":66},[52,58544,200],{"class":188},[52,58546,8779],{"class":192},[52,58548,189],{"class":188},[52,58550,3756],{"class":66},[52,58552,58553,58556,58558,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58554,58555],{"class":58},"yes_votes ",[52,58557,63],{"class":62},[52,58559,58560],{"class":58}," votes",[52,58562,89],{"class":66},[52,58564,41367],{"class":92},[52,58566,122],{"class":66},[52,58568,189],{"class":188},[52,58570,8779],{"class":192},[52,58572,189],{"class":188},[52,58574,127],{"class":66},[52,58576,58577],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58578,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,58580,58581,58583,58585,58588],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,58582,119],{"class":118},[52,58584,122],{"class":66},[52,58586,58587],{"class":92},"yes_votes",[52,58589,127],{"class":66},[20,58591,58592,58594],{},[15,58593,57399],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58596,58597,58598,668,58600,89],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[30,58599,52880],{"href":51088},[30,58601,58603],{"href":58602},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[38,58605,2948],{"id":2947},[20,58607,8568,58608,89],{},[15,58609,57404],{},[1324,58611,58613],{"id":58612},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58615,58616,58618],{},[15,58617,57404],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[43,58620,58622],{"className":45,"code":58621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58623,58624,58657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58625,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58627,1025],{"class":58},[52,58629,63],{"class":62},[52,58631,3743],{"class":66},[52,58633,189],{"class":188},[52,58635,58636],{"class":192},"apple pie",[52,58638,189],{"class":188},[52,58640,74],{"class":66},[52,58642,200],{"class":188},[52,58644,1145],{"class":192},[52,58646,189],{"class":188},[52,58648,74],{"class":66},[52,58650,200],{"class":188},[52,58652,58636],{"class":192},[52,58654,189],{"class":188},[52,58656,3756],{"class":66},[52,58658,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58660,119],{"class":118},[52,58662,122],{"class":66},[52,58664,1043],{"class":92},[52,58666,89],{"class":66},[52,58668,41367],{"class":92},[52,58670,122],{"class":66},[52,58672,189],{"class":188},[52,58674,1125],{"class":192},[52,58676,189],{"class":188},[52,58678,5479],{"class":66},[52,58680,51356],{"class":133},[20,58682,2609,58683,1964],{},[15,58684,2243],{},[20,58686,29171,58687,58689,58690,89],{},[15,58688,57942],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58691,58692],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58694,58695,58696,89],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58697,58698],{},"str.count()",[1324,58700,8574,58702,8577,58704,2996,58706],{"id":58701},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58703,57399],{},[15,58705,3726],{},[15,58707,3795],{},[20,58709,58710,58712],{},[15,58711,57399],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[43,58714,58716],{"className":45,"code":58715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58717,58718,58742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58719,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58721,59],{"class":58},[52,58723,63],{"class":62},[52,58725,3743],{"class":66},[52,58727,71],{"class":70},[52,58729,74],{"class":66},[52,58731,77],{"class":70},[52,58733,74],{"class":66},[52,58735,77],{"class":70},[52,58737,74],{"class":66},[52,58739,104],{"class":70},[52,58741,3756],{"class":66},[52,58743,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758,58760],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58745,119],{"class":118},[52,58747,122],{"class":66},[52,58749,86],{"class":92},[52,58751,89],{"class":66},[52,58753,41367],{"class":92},[52,58755,122],{"class":66},[52,58757,99],{"class":70},[52,58759,5479],{"class":66},[52,58761,51524],{"class":133},[20,58763,58764],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[43,58766,58768],{"className":45,"code":58767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58769,58770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58771,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58773,119],{"class":118},[52,58775,122],{"class":66},[52,58777,99],{"class":70},[52,58779,21284],{"class":3996},[52,58781,479],{"class":92},[52,58783,3782],{"class":66},[52,58785,3785],{"class":133},[1324,58787,58789],{"id":58788},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[43,58791,58793],{"className":45,"code":58792,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58794,58795,58828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58796,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58824,58826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58798,5112],{"class":58},[52,58800,63],{"class":62},[52,58802,3743],{"class":66},[52,58804,189],{"class":188},[52,58806,7795],{"class":192},[52,58808,189],{"class":188},[52,58810,74],{"class":66},[52,58812,200],{"class":188},[52,58814,20329],{"class":192},[52,58816,189],{"class":188},[52,58818,74],{"class":66},[52,58820,200],{"class":188},[52,58822,58823],{"class":192},"SAM",[52,58825,189],{"class":188},[52,58827,3756],{"class":66},[52,58829,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58831,119],{"class":118},[52,58833,122],{"class":66},[52,58835,5156],{"class":92},[52,58837,89],{"class":66},[52,58839,41367],{"class":92},[52,58841,122],{"class":66},[52,58843,189],{"class":188},[52,58845,20329],{"class":192},[52,58847,189],{"class":188},[52,58849,5479],{"class":66},[52,58851,27890],{"class":133},[20,58853,58854,58855,58858],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58856,58857],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1324,58860,29760,58862,33655],{"id":58861},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58863,57399],{},[20,58865,58866],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[43,58868,58870],{"className":45,"code":58869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58871,58872,58882,58896,58914,58928,58940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58873,58874,58876,58878,58880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58875,119],{"class":118},[52,58877,122],{"class":66},[52,58879,8459],{"class":92},[52,58881,127],{"class":66},[52,58883,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892,58894],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,58885,119],{"class":118},[52,58887,122],{"class":66},[52,58889,3340],{"class":3020},[52,58891,122],{"class":66},[52,58893,8459],{"class":92},[52,58895,2150],{"class":66},[52,58897,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58899,119],{"class":118},[52,58901,122],{"class":66},[52,58903,8459],{"class":92},[52,58905,89],{"class":66},[52,58907,41367],{"class":92},[52,58909,122],{"class":66},[52,58911,2593],{"class":92},[52,58913,2150],{"class":66},[52,58915,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,58917,119],{"class":118},[52,58919,122],{"class":66},[52,58921,2568],{"class":92},[52,58923,4003],{"class":3996},[52,58925,8516],{"class":92},[52,58927,127],{"class":66},[52,58929,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,58931,6077],{"class":3996},[52,58933,6080],{"class":58},[52,58935,4003],{"class":3996},[52,58937,8516],{"class":58},[52,58939,6514],{"class":66},[52,58941,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,58943,8188],{"class":118},[52,58945,122],{"class":66},[52,58947,41887],{"class":118},[52,58949,122],{"class":66},[52,58951,23420],{"class":92},[52,58953,2150],{"class":66},[20,58955,58956],{},"These checks can help you see:",[154,58958,58959,58962,58965],{},[157,58960,58961],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[157,58963,58964],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[157,58966,58967],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58969,58970],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[154,58972,58973,58978,58981,58988],{},[157,58974,50600,58975,58977],{},[15,58976,57399],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[157,58979,58980],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[157,58982,11224,58983,58985,58986],{},[15,58984,57404],{}," with string ",[15,58987,57399],{},[157,58989,58990],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[38,58992,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,58994,1937,58996,58998],{"id":58995},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58997,57404],{}," change the list?",[20,59000,59001],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1324,59003,59005],{"id":59004},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59007,12027,59008,89],{},[15,59009,2243],{},[1324,59011,5288,59013,59015],{"id":59012},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59014,57404],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59017,59018],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1324,59020,15018,59022,59024],{"id":59021},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59023,57404],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59026,42260,59027,668,59029,59031],{},[15,59028,57945],{},[15,59030,57942],{}," are different values.",[1324,59033,5276,59035,59037,59038,1964],{"id":59034},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59036,3726],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59039,71],{},[20,59041,8907,59042,59044,59045,668,59047,59044,59049,89],{},[15,59043,3726],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59046,71],{},[15,59048,3795],{},[15,59050,2243],{},[38,59052,1996],{"id":1995},[154,59054,59055,59059,59065,59069,59077,59084],{},[157,59056,59057],{},[30,59058,52880],{"href":51088},[157,59060,59061],{},[30,59062,59064],{"href":59063},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[157,59066,59067],{},[30,59068,7053],{"href":6317},[157,59070,59071],{},[30,59072,55629,59074,10859],{"href":59073},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59075,59076],{},"index()",[157,59078,59079],{},[30,59080,3697,59082],{"href":59081},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59083,42469],{},[157,59085,59086],{},[30,59087,59088],{"href":58602},"What is a list in Python",[2044,59090,59091],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":59093},[59094,59095,59097,59098,59099,59105,59111,59113,59121,59132],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":57496,"depth":83,"text":59096},"What list.count() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":38126,"depth":83,"text":38127},{"id":57818,"depth":83,"text":57819,"children":59100},[59101,59102,59104],{"id":57850,"depth":115,"text":57851},{"id":57949,"depth":115,"text":59103},"1 and True can match",{"id":58048,"depth":115,"text":58049},{"id":58126,"depth":83,"text":58127,"children":59106},[59107,59108,59109,59110],{"id":58130,"depth":115,"text":58131},{"id":58209,"depth":115,"text":58210},{"id":58305,"depth":115,"text":58306},{"id":58380,"depth":115,"text":58381},{"id":58481,"depth":83,"text":59112},"When to use count()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":59114},[59115,59116,59118,59119],{"id":58612,"depth":115,"text":58613},{"id":58701,"depth":115,"text":59117},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58788,"depth":115,"text":58789},{"id":58861,"depth":115,"text":59120},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":59122},[59123,59125,59126,59128,59130],{"id":58995,"depth":115,"text":59124},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59004,"depth":115,"text":59005},{"id":59012,"depth":115,"text":59127},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59021,"depth":115,"text":59129},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59034,"depth":115,"text":59131},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57391,"description":59133},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59140,"title":59141,"body":59142,"description":61105,"extension":2083,"meta":61106,"navigation":240,"path":61107,"seo":61108,"stem":61109,"__hash__":61110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59143,"toc":61068},[59144,59147,59150,59152,59280,59284,59365,59376,59378,59397,59401,59404,59407,59425,59427,59470,59474,59499,59508,59512,59517,59520,59637,59641,59710,59714,59726,59730,59733,59774,59778,59791,59794,59879,59883,59916,59923,59929,59934,59936,59948,59952,59985,59989,60021,60025,60062,60066,60086,60090,60124,60128,60157,60168,60172,60175,60178,60191,60248,60252,60291,60297,60300,60302,60305,60309,60312,60337,60339,60364,60371,60374,60419,60423,60442,60445,60484,60491,60496,60530,60534,60635,60642,60675,60679,60705,60709,60712,60750,60753,60790,60794,60797,60816,60820,60881,60883,60901,60905,60908,60911,60940,60942,60946,60949,60957,60961,60964,60984,60990,60996,61000,61003,61010,61018,61020,61059,61065],[10,59145,59141],{"id":59146},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59148,59149],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[38,59151,41],{"id":40},[43,59153,59155],{"className":45,"code":59154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59156,59157,59177,59209,59217,59235,59239,59249,59259,59270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59158,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171,59173,59175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59160,59],{"class":58},[52,59162,63],{"class":62},[52,59164,3743],{"class":66},[52,59166,71],{"class":70},[52,59168,74],{"class":66},[52,59170,77],{"class":70},[52,59172,74],{"class":66},[52,59174,104],{"class":70},[52,59176,3756],{"class":66},[52,59178,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59180,5112],{"class":58},[52,59182,63],{"class":62},[52,59184,3743],{"class":66},[52,59186,189],{"class":188},[52,59188,12997],{"class":192},[52,59190,189],{"class":188},[52,59192,74],{"class":66},[52,59194,200],{"class":188},[52,59196,36050],{"class":192},[52,59198,189],{"class":188},[52,59200,74],{"class":66},[52,59202,200],{"class":188},[52,59204,36059],{"class":192},[52,59206,189],{"class":188},[52,59208,3756],{"class":66},[52,59210,59211,59213,59215],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59212,56040],{"class":58},[52,59214,63],{"class":62},[52,59216,7957],{"class":66},[52,59218,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,59220,921],{"class":58},[52,59222,63],{"class":62},[52,59224,22669],{"class":3020},[52,59226,122],{"class":66},[52,59228,189],{"class":188},[52,59230,41668],{"class":192},[52,59232,189],{"class":188},[52,59234,127],{"class":66},[52,59236,59237],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,59238,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,59240,59241,59243,59245,59247],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,59242,119],{"class":118},[52,59244,122],{"class":66},[52,59246,86],{"class":92},[52,59248,127],{"class":66},[52,59250,59251,59253,59255,59257],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,59252,119],{"class":118},[52,59254,122],{"class":66},[52,59256,5156],{"class":92},[52,59258,127],{"class":66},[52,59260,59261,59263,59265,59268],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,59262,119],{"class":118},[52,59264,122],{"class":66},[52,59266,59267],{"class":92},"empty_list",[52,59269,127],{"class":66},[52,59271,59272,59274,59276,59278],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,59273,119],{"class":118},[52,59275,122],{"class":66},[52,59277,939],{"class":92},[52,59279,127],{"class":66},[20,59281,59282],{},[984,59283,2193],{},[43,59285,59287],{"className":45,"code":59286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59288,59289,59305,59333,59337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59290,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59292,4020],{"class":66},[52,59294,71],{"class":70},[52,59296,74],{"class":66},[52,59298,77],{"class":70},[52,59300,74],{"class":66},[52,59302,104],{"class":70},[52,59304,3756],{"class":66},[52,59306,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59308,4020],{"class":66},[52,59310,3420],{"class":188},[52,59312,12997],{"class":192},[52,59314,3420],{"class":188},[52,59316,74],{"class":66},[52,59318,3415],{"class":188},[52,59320,36050],{"class":192},[52,59322,3420],{"class":188},[52,59324,74],{"class":66},[52,59326,3415],{"class":188},[52,59328,36059],{"class":192},[52,59330,3420],{"class":188},[52,59332,3756],{"class":66},[52,59334,59335],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59336,38404],{"class":66},[52,59338,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,59340,4020],{"class":66},[52,59342,3420],{"class":188},[52,59344,30],{"class":192},[52,59346,3420],{"class":188},[52,59348,74],{"class":66},[52,59350,3415],{"class":188},[52,59352,1393],{"class":192},[52,59354,3420],{"class":188},[52,59356,74],{"class":66},[52,59358,3415],{"class":188},[52,59360,1491],{"class":192},[52,59362,3420],{"class":188},[52,59364,3756],{"class":66},[20,59366,59367,59368,59370,59371,59373,59374,89],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59369,3906],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59372,24891],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59375,36306],{},[38,59377,15277],{"id":15276},[154,59379,59380,59383,59386,59389,59394],{},[157,59381,59382],{},"What a list is in Python",[157,59384,59385],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[157,59387,59388],{},"How to create an empty list",[157,59390,59391,59392,2424],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59393,24891],{},[157,59395,59396],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[38,59398,59400],{"id":59399},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59402,59403],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59405,59406],{},"This means:",[154,59408,59409,59412,59415,59418],{},[157,59410,59411],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[157,59413,59414],{},"The order of items is kept",[157,59416,59417],{},"A list can hold different data types",[157,59419,59420,59421,59424],{},"A list is ",[984,59422,59423],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59426,347],{},[43,59428,59430],{"className":45,"code":59429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59431,59432,59456,59460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59433,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59435,7897],{"class":58},[52,59437,63],{"class":62},[52,59439,3743],{"class":66},[52,59441,189],{"class":188},[52,59443,1125],{"class":192},[52,59445,189],{"class":188},[52,59447,74],{"class":66},[52,59449,6124],{"class":70},[52,59451,74],{"class":66},[52,59453,4036],{"class":3971},[52,59455,3756],{"class":66},[52,59457,59458],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59459,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,59461,59462,59464,59466,59468],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59463,119],{"class":118},[52,59465,122],{"class":66},[52,59467,7928],{"class":92},[52,59469,127],{"class":66},[20,59471,59472],{},[984,59473,2193],{},[43,59475,59477],{"className":45,"code":59476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59478,59479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59480,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59482,4020],{"class":66},[52,59484,3420],{"class":188},[52,59486,1125],{"class":192},[52,59488,3420],{"class":188},[52,59490,74],{"class":66},[52,59492,6124],{"class":70},[52,59494,74],{"class":66},[52,59496,4036],{"class":3971},[52,59498,3756],{"class":66},[20,59500,59501,59502,2996,59505,89],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[30,59503,59504],{"href":51088},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[30,59506,59507],{"href":58602},"What is a List in Python?",[38,59509,59511],{"id":59510},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59513,59367,59514,59516],{},[15,59515,3906],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59518,59519],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[43,59521,59523],{"className":45,"code":59522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59524,59525,59545,59577,59602,59606,59616,59626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59526,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59528,59],{"class":58},[52,59530,63],{"class":62},[52,59532,3743],{"class":66},[52,59534,71],{"class":70},[52,59536,74],{"class":66},[52,59538,77],{"class":70},[52,59540,74],{"class":66},[52,59542,104],{"class":70},[52,59544,3756],{"class":66},[52,59546,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59548,5112],{"class":58},[52,59550,63],{"class":62},[52,59552,3743],{"class":66},[52,59554,189],{"class":188},[52,59556,12997],{"class":192},[52,59558,189],{"class":188},[52,59560,74],{"class":66},[52,59562,200],{"class":188},[52,59564,36050],{"class":192},[52,59566,189],{"class":188},[52,59568,74],{"class":66},[52,59570,200],{"class":188},[52,59572,36059],{"class":192},[52,59574,189],{"class":188},[52,59576,3756],{"class":66},[52,59578,59579,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59580,59581],{"class":58},"mixed ",[52,59583,63],{"class":62},[52,59585,3743],{"class":66},[52,59587,2452],{"class":70},[52,59589,74],{"class":66},[52,59591,200],{"class":188},[52,59593,3964],{"class":192},[52,59595,189],{"class":188},[52,59597,74],{"class":66},[52,59599,4027],{"class":3971},[52,59601,3756],{"class":66},[52,59603,59604],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,59605,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,59607,59608,59610,59612,59614],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,59609,119],{"class":118},[52,59611,122],{"class":66},[52,59613,86],{"class":92},[52,59615,127],{"class":66},[52,59617,59618,59620,59622,59624],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,59619,119],{"class":118},[52,59621,122],{"class":66},[52,59623,5156],{"class":92},[52,59625,127],{"class":66},[52,59627,59628,59630,59632,59635],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,59629,119],{"class":118},[52,59631,122],{"class":66},[52,59633,59634],{"class":92},"mixed",[52,59636,127],{"class":66},[20,59638,59639],{},[984,59640,2193],{},[43,59642,59644],{"className":45,"code":59643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59645,59646,59662,59690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59647,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59649,4020],{"class":66},[52,59651,71],{"class":70},[52,59653,74],{"class":66},[52,59655,77],{"class":70},[52,59657,74],{"class":66},[52,59659,104],{"class":70},[52,59661,3756],{"class":66},[52,59663,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59665,4020],{"class":66},[52,59667,3420],{"class":188},[52,59669,12997],{"class":192},[52,59671,3420],{"class":188},[52,59673,74],{"class":66},[52,59675,3415],{"class":188},[52,59677,36050],{"class":192},[52,59679,3420],{"class":188},[52,59681,74],{"class":66},[52,59683,3415],{"class":188},[52,59685,36059],{"class":192},[52,59687,3420],{"class":188},[52,59689,3756],{"class":66},[52,59691,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59693,4020],{"class":66},[52,59695,2452],{"class":70},[52,59697,74],{"class":66},[52,59699,3415],{"class":188},[52,59701,3964],{"class":192},[52,59703,3420],{"class":188},[52,59705,74],{"class":66},[52,59707,4027],{"class":3971},[52,59709,3756],{"class":66},[1324,59711,59713],{"id":59712},"key-points","Key points",[154,59715,59716,59721,59723],{},[157,59717,137,59718,59720],{},[15,59719,3906],{}," to make a new list",[157,59722,15547],{},[157,59724,59725],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[38,59727,59729],{"id":59728},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59731,59732],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[43,59734,59736],{"className":45,"code":59735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59737,59738,59746,59750,59760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59739,59740,59742,59744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59741,8428],{"class":58},[52,59743,63],{"class":62},[52,59745,7957],{"class":66},[52,59747,59748],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59749,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,59751,59752,59754,59756,59758],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59753,119],{"class":118},[52,59755,122],{"class":66},[52,59757,8459],{"class":92},[52,59759,127],{"class":66},[52,59761,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,59763,119],{"class":118},[52,59765,122],{"class":66},[52,59767,11279],{"class":118},[52,59769,122],{"class":66},[52,59771,8459],{"class":92},[52,59773,2150],{"class":66},[20,59775,59776],{},[984,59777,2193],{},[43,59779,59781],{"className":45,"code":59780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[]\n0\n",[15,59782,59783,59787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59784,59785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59786,38404],{"class":66},[52,59788,59789],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59790,47359],{"class":70},[20,59792,59793],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[43,59795,59797],{"className":45,"code":59796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59798,59799,59807,59811,59829,59847,59865,59869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59800,59801,59803,59805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59802,5112],{"class":58},[52,59804,63],{"class":62},[52,59806,7957],{"class":66},[52,59808,59809],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59810,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,59812,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59814,5156],{"class":58},[52,59816,89],{"class":66},[52,59818,13668],{"class":92},[52,59820,122],{"class":66},[52,59822,189],{"class":188},[52,59824,12997],{"class":192},[52,59826,189],{"class":188},[52,59828,127],{"class":66},[52,59830,59831,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,59832,5156],{"class":58},[52,59834,89],{"class":66},[52,59836,13668],{"class":92},[52,59838,122],{"class":66},[52,59840,189],{"class":188},[52,59842,36050],{"class":192},[52,59844,189],{"class":188},[52,59846,127],{"class":66},[52,59848,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,59850,5156],{"class":58},[52,59852,89],{"class":66},[52,59854,13668],{"class":92},[52,59856,122],{"class":66},[52,59858,189],{"class":188},[52,59860,36059],{"class":192},[52,59862,189],{"class":188},[52,59864,127],{"class":66},[52,59866,59867],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,59868,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,59870,59871,59873,59875,59877],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,59872,119],{"class":118},[52,59874,122],{"class":66},[52,59876,5156],{"class":92},[52,59878,127],{"class":66},[20,59880,59881],{},[984,59882,2193],{},[43,59884,59886],{"className":45,"code":59885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59887,59888],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59889,59890,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59891,4020],{"class":66},[52,59893,3420],{"class":188},[52,59895,12997],{"class":192},[52,59897,3420],{"class":188},[52,59899,74],{"class":66},[52,59901,3415],{"class":188},[52,59903,36050],{"class":192},[52,59905,3420],{"class":188},[52,59907,74],{"class":66},[52,59909,3415],{"class":188},[52,59911,36059],{"class":192},[52,59913,3420],{"class":188},[52,59915,3756],{"class":66},[20,59917,59918,59919,89],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[30,59920,59921,10859],{"href":56878},[15,59922,52761],{},[38,59924,59926,59927],{"id":59925},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59928,24891],{},[20,59930,137,59931,59933],{},[15,59932,24891],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59935,5575],{},[154,59937,59938,59940,59942,59944],{},[157,59939,5427],{},[157,59941,5421],{},[157,59943,5424],{},[157,59945,59946],{},[15,59947,36306],{},[1324,59949,59951],{"id":59950},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[43,59953,59955],{"className":45,"code":59954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59956,59957,59975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59958,59959,59961,59963,59965,59967,59969,59971,59973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59960,921],{"class":58},[52,59962,63],{"class":62},[52,59964,22669],{"class":3020},[52,59966,122],{"class":66},[52,59968,189],{"class":188},[52,59970,41668],{"class":192},[52,59972,189],{"class":188},[52,59974,127],{"class":66},[52,59976,59977,59979,59981,59983],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,59978,119],{"class":118},[52,59980,122],{"class":66},[52,59982,939],{"class":92},[52,59984,127],{"class":66},[20,59986,59987],{},[984,59988,2193],{},[43,59990,59991],{"className":45,"code":42984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,59992,59993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59994,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59996,4020],{"class":66},[52,59998,3420],{"class":188},[52,60000,30],{"class":192},[52,60002,3420],{"class":188},[52,60004,74],{"class":66},[52,60006,3415],{"class":188},[52,60008,1393],{"class":192},[52,60010,3420],{"class":188},[52,60012,74],{"class":66},[52,60014,3415],{"class":188},[52,60016,1491],{"class":192},[52,60018,3420],{"class":188},[52,60020,3756],{"class":66},[1324,60022,60024],{"id":60023},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[43,60026,60028],{"className":45,"code":60027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60029,60030,60052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60031,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60033,59],{"class":58},[52,60035,63],{"class":62},[52,60037,22669],{"class":3020},[52,60039,5629],{"class":66},[52,60041,71],{"class":70},[52,60043,74],{"class":66},[52,60045,77],{"class":70},[52,60047,74],{"class":66},[52,60049,104],{"class":70},[52,60051,2150],{"class":66},[52,60053,60054,60056,60058,60060],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60055,119],{"class":118},[52,60057,122],{"class":66},[52,60059,86],{"class":92},[52,60061,127],{"class":66},[20,60063,60064],{},[984,60065,2193],{},[43,60067,60068],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60069,60070],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60071,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60073,4020],{"class":66},[52,60075,71],{"class":70},[52,60077,74],{"class":66},[52,60079,77],{"class":70},[52,60081,74],{"class":66},[52,60083,104],{"class":70},[52,60085,3756],{"class":66},[1324,60087,60089],{"id":60088},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[43,60091,60093],{"className":45,"code":60092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60094,60095,60114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60096,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60108,60110,60112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60098,357],{"class":58},[52,60100,63],{"class":62},[52,60102,22669],{"class":3020},[52,60104,122],{"class":66},[52,60106,60107],{"class":118},"range",[52,60109,122],{"class":66},[52,60111,1705],{"class":70},[52,60113,2150],{"class":66},[52,60115,60116,60118,60120,60122],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60117,119],{"class":118},[52,60119,122],{"class":66},[52,60121,370],{"class":92},[52,60123,127],{"class":66},[20,60125,60126],{},[984,60127,2193],{},[43,60129,60131],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60132,60133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60134,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60136,4020],{"class":66},[52,60138,2243],{"class":70},[52,60140,74],{"class":66},[52,60142,5616],{"class":70},[52,60144,74],{"class":66},[52,60146,77],{"class":70},[52,60148,74],{"class":66},[52,60150,104],{"class":70},[52,60152,74],{"class":66},[52,60154,109],{"class":70},[52,60156,3756],{"class":66},[20,60158,60159,60161,60162,89],{},[15,60160,24891],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[30,60163,60165,60167],{"href":60164},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60166,24891],{},": Function Explained",[38,60169,60171],{"id":60170},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60173,60174],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60176,60177],{},"Examples include:",[154,60179,60180,60182,60184,60186,60188],{},[157,60181,5427],{},[157,60183,40531],{},[157,60185,52155],{},[157,60187,40701],{},[157,60189,60190],{},"other lists",[43,60192,60194],{"className":45,"code":60193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60195,60196,60234,60238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60197,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60199,9288],{"class":58},[52,60201,63],{"class":62},[52,60203,3743],{"class":66},[52,60205,189],{"class":188},[52,60207,12997],{"class":192},[52,60209,189],{"class":188},[52,60211,74],{"class":66},[52,60213,9427],{"class":70},[52,60215,74],{"class":66},[52,60217,4036],{"class":3971},[52,60219,74],{"class":66},[52,60221,3743],{"class":66},[52,60223,71],{"class":70},[52,60225,74],{"class":66},[52,60227,77],{"class":70},[52,60229,74],{"class":66},[52,60231,104],{"class":70},[52,60233,53351],{"class":66},[52,60235,60236],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60237,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,60239,60240,60242,60244,60246],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,60241,119],{"class":118},[52,60243,122],{"class":66},[52,60245,9327],{"class":92},[52,60247,127],{"class":66},[20,60249,60250],{},[984,60251,2193],{},[43,60253,60255],{"className":45,"code":60254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60256,60257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60258,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60260,4020],{"class":66},[52,60262,3420],{"class":188},[52,60264,12997],{"class":192},[52,60266,3420],{"class":188},[52,60268,74],{"class":66},[52,60270,9427],{"class":70},[52,60272,74],{"class":66},[52,60274,4036],{"class":3971},[52,60276,74],{"class":66},[52,60278,3743],{"class":66},[52,60280,71],{"class":70},[52,60282,74],{"class":66},[52,60284,77],{"class":70},[52,60286,74],{"class":66},[52,60288,104],{"class":70},[52,60290,53351],{"class":66},[20,60292,60293,60294,89],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[984,60295,60296],{},"nested list",[20,60298,60299],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[38,60301,4636],{"id":4635},[20,60303,60304],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1324,60306,60308],{"id":60307},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60310,60311],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[43,60313,60315],{"className":45,"code":60314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60316,60317,60321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60318,60319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60320,4653],{"class":133},[52,60322,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60324,59],{"class":58},[52,60326,63],{"class":62},[52,60328,3743],{"class":66},[52,60330,71],{"class":70},[52,60332,77],{"class":70},[52,60334,104],{"class":70},[52,60336,3756],{"class":66},[20,60338,10925],{},[43,60340,60342],{"className":45,"code":60341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60343,60344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60345,60346,60348,60350,60352,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60347,59],{"class":58},[52,60349,63],{"class":62},[52,60351,3743],{"class":66},[52,60353,71],{"class":70},[52,60355,74],{"class":66},[52,60357,77],{"class":70},[52,60359,74],{"class":66},[52,60361,104],{"class":70},[52,60363,3756],{"class":66},[1324,60365,8538,60367,1990,60369],{"id":60366},"using-instead-of",[15,60368,7483],{},[15,60370,3906],{},[20,60372,60373],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[43,60375,60377],{"className":45,"code":60376,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60378,60379,60400,60404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60380,60381,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60382,60383],{"class":58},"my_values ",[52,60385,63],{"class":62},[52,60387,388],{"class":66},[52,60389,71],{"class":70},[52,60391,74],{"class":66},[52,60393,77],{"class":70},[52,60395,74],{"class":66},[52,60397,104],{"class":70},[52,60399,127],{"class":66},[52,60401,60402],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60403,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,60405,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60417],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,60407,119],{"class":118},[52,60409,122],{"class":66},[52,60411,3340],{"class":3020},[52,60413,122],{"class":66},[52,60415,60416],{"class":92},"my_values",[52,60418,2150],{"class":66},[20,60420,60421],{},[984,60422,2193],{},[43,60424,60426],{"className":45,"code":60425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60427,60428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60429,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60431,3409],{"class":62},[52,60433,3412],{"class":2187},[52,60435,3415],{"class":188},[52,60437,49061],{"class":192},[52,60439,3420],{"class":188},[52,60441,3423],{"class":62},[20,60443,60444],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[43,60446,60448],{"className":45,"code":60447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60449,60450,60470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60451,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60453,60383],{"class":58},[52,60455,63],{"class":62},[52,60457,3743],{"class":66},[52,60459,71],{"class":70},[52,60461,74],{"class":66},[52,60463,77],{"class":70},[52,60465,74],{"class":66},[52,60467,104],{"class":70},[52,60469,3756],{"class":66},[52,60471,60472,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60473,119],{"class":118},[52,60475,122],{"class":66},[52,60477,3340],{"class":3020},[52,60479,122],{"class":66},[52,60481,60416],{"class":92},[52,60483,2150],{"class":66},[1324,60485,8574,60487,60490],{"id":60486},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60488,60489],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60492,60493,60495],{},[15,60494,24891],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[43,60497,60499],{"className":45,"code":60498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60500,60501,60520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60502,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60516,60518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60504,474],{"class":58},[52,60506,63],{"class":62},[52,60508,22669],{"class":3020},[52,60510,122],{"class":66},[52,60512,189],{"class":188},[52,60514,60515],{"class":192},"hello world",[52,60517,189],{"class":188},[52,60519,127],{"class":66},[52,60521,60522,60524,60526,60528],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60523,119],{"class":118},[52,60525,122],{"class":66},[52,60527,507],{"class":92},[52,60529,127],{"class":66},[20,60531,60532],{},[984,60533,2193],{},[43,60535,60537],{"className":45,"code":60536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60538,60539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60540,60541,60543,60545,60548,60550,60552,60554,60557,60559,60561,60563,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60598,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60615,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629,60631,60633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60542,4020],{"class":66},[52,60544,3420],{"class":188},[52,60546,60547],{"class":192},"h",[52,60549,3420],{"class":188},[52,60551,74],{"class":66},[52,60553,3415],{"class":188},[52,60555,60556],{"class":192},"e",[52,60558,3420],{"class":188},[52,60560,74],{"class":66},[52,60562,3415],{"class":188},[52,60564,60565],{"class":192},"l",[52,60567,3420],{"class":188},[52,60569,74],{"class":66},[52,60571,3415],{"class":188},[52,60573,60565],{"class":192},[52,60575,3420],{"class":188},[52,60577,74],{"class":66},[52,60579,3415],{"class":188},[52,60581,60582],{"class":192},"o",[52,60584,3420],{"class":188},[52,60586,74],{"class":66},[52,60588,3415],{"class":188},[52,60590,3415],{"class":188},[52,60592,74],{"class":66},[52,60594,3415],{"class":188},[52,60596,60597],{"class":192},"w",[52,60599,3420],{"class":188},[52,60601,74],{"class":66},[52,60603,3415],{"class":188},[52,60605,60582],{"class":192},[52,60607,3420],{"class":188},[52,60609,74],{"class":66},[52,60611,3415],{"class":188},[52,60613,60614],{"class":192},"r",[52,60616,3420],{"class":188},[52,60618,74],{"class":66},[52,60620,3415],{"class":188},[52,60622,60565],{"class":192},[52,60624,3420],{"class":188},[52,60626,74],{"class":66},[52,60628,3415],{"class":188},[52,60630,18879],{"class":192},[52,60632,3420],{"class":188},[52,60634,3756],{"class":66},[20,60636,60637,60638,60641],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60639,60640],{},"split()"," instead:",[43,60643,60645],{"className":45,"code":60644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60646,60647,60665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60648,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60650,1025],{"class":58},[52,60652,63],{"class":62},[52,60654,200],{"class":188},[52,60656,60515],{"class":192},[52,60658,189],{"class":188},[52,60660,89],{"class":66},[52,60662,34576],{"class":92},[52,60664,8764],{"class":66},[52,60666,60667,60669,60671,60673],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60668,119],{"class":118},[52,60670,122],{"class":66},[52,60672,1043],{"class":92},[52,60674,127],{"class":66},[20,60676,60677],{},[984,60678,2193],{},[43,60680,60682],{"className":45,"code":60681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60683,60684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60685,60686,60688,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698,60701,60703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60687,4020],{"class":66},[52,60689,3420],{"class":188},[52,60691,3964],{"class":192},[52,60693,3420],{"class":188},[52,60695,74],{"class":66},[52,60697,3415],{"class":188},[52,60699,60700],{"class":192},"world",[52,60702,3420],{"class":188},[52,60704,3756],{"class":66},[1324,60706,60708],{"id":60707},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60710,60711],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[43,60713,60715],{"className":45,"code":60714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60716,60717,60721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60718,60719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60720,4653],{"class":133},[52,60722,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60742,60744,60746,60748],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60724,5112],{"class":58},[52,60726,63],{"class":62},[52,60728,3743],{"class":66},[52,60730,189],{"class":188},[52,60732,12997],{"class":192},[52,60734,189],{"class":188},[52,60736,74],{"class":66},[52,60738,200],{"class":188},[52,60740,60741],{"class":192},"Ben', ",[52,60743,189],{"class":188},[52,60745,36059],{"class":58},[52,60747,189],{"class":188},[52,60749,3756],{"class":192},[20,60751,60752],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[43,60754,60756],{"className":45,"code":60755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60757,60758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60759,60760,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60761,5112],{"class":58},[52,60763,63],{"class":62},[52,60765,3743],{"class":66},[52,60767,189],{"class":188},[52,60769,12997],{"class":192},[52,60771,189],{"class":188},[52,60773,74],{"class":66},[52,60775,200],{"class":188},[52,60777,36050],{"class":192},[52,60779,189],{"class":188},[52,60781,74],{"class":66},[52,60783,200],{"class":188},[52,60785,36059],{"class":192},[52,60787,189],{"class":188},[52,60789,3756],{"class":66},[1324,60791,60793],{"id":60792},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60795,60796],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[154,60798,60799,60802,60805,60810],{},[157,60800,60801],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[157,60803,60804],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[157,60806,60807,60808],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60809,24891],{},[157,60811,8574,60812,60815],{},[15,60813,60814],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1324,60817,60819],{"id":60818},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[43,60821,60823],{"className":45,"code":60822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60824,60825,60835,60849,60863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60826,60827,60829,60831,60833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60828,119],{"class":118},[52,60830,122],{"class":66},[52,60832,8459],{"class":92},[52,60834,127],{"class":66},[52,60836,60837,60839,60841,60843,60845,60847],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,60838,119],{"class":118},[52,60840,122],{"class":66},[52,60842,3340],{"class":3020},[52,60844,122],{"class":66},[52,60846,8459],{"class":92},[52,60848,2150],{"class":66},[52,60850,60851,60853,60855,60857,60859,60861],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,60852,119],{"class":118},[52,60854,122],{"class":66},[52,60856,11279],{"class":118},[52,60858,122],{"class":66},[52,60860,8459],{"class":92},[52,60862,2150],{"class":66},[52,60864,60865,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,60866,119],{"class":118},[52,60868,122],{"class":66},[52,60870,8213],{"class":3020},[52,60872,122],{"class":66},[52,60874,60107],{"class":118},[52,60876,122],{"class":66},[52,60878,1705],{"class":70},[52,60880,3031],{"class":66},[20,60882,26118],{},[154,60884,60885,60888,60891,60894],{},[157,60886,60887],{},"what the list contains",[157,60889,60890],{},"whether the value is really a list",[157,60892,60893],{},"how many items it has",[157,60895,26129,60896,60898,60899],{},[15,60897,24891],{}," does with ",[15,60900,36306],{},[38,60902,60904],{"id":60903},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60906,60907],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60909,60910],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[154,60912,60913,60928,60933],{},[157,60914,137,60915,2311,60919,17186,60923,60927],{},[30,60916,60917],{"href":56878},[15,60918,52761],{},[30,60920,60921],{"href":53453},[15,60922,53555],{},[30,60924,60925],{"href":54017},[15,60926,54377],{}," to add items later",[157,60929,137,60930,60932],{},[30,60931,59504],{"href":51088}," for a broader introduction",[157,60934,137,60935,60939],{},[30,60936,60937,60167],{"href":60164},[15,60938,24891],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[38,60941,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,60943,60945],{"id":60944},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60947,60948],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[43,60950,60951],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60952,60953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60954,60955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60956,38404],{"class":66},[1324,60958,60960],{"id":60959},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60962,60963],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[43,60965,60966],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60967,60968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60969,60970,60972,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60971,4020],{"class":66},[52,60973,71],{"class":70},[52,60975,74],{"class":66},[52,60977,77],{"class":70},[52,60979,74],{"class":66},[52,60981,104],{"class":70},[52,60983,3756],{"class":66},[1324,60985,5260,60987,60989],{"id":60986},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60988,24891],{}," do in Python?",[20,60991,60992,60993,60995],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60994,36306],{},", into a list.",[1324,60997,60999],{"id":60998},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61001,61002],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1324,61004,1959,61006,668,61008,1964],{"id":61005},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61007,3906],{},[15,61009,7483],{},[20,61011,61012,61014,61015,61017],{},[15,61013,3906],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61016,7483],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[38,61019,1996],{"id":1995},[154,61021,61022,61026,61032,61038,61044,61050,61054],{},[157,61023,61024],{},[30,61025,59504],{"href":51088},[157,61027,61028],{},[30,61029,55629,61030,18],{"href":56878},[15,61031,52761],{},[157,61033,61034],{},[30,61035,55629,61036,18],{"href":53453},[15,61037,53555],{},[157,61039,61040],{},[30,61041,55629,61042,18],{"href":54017},[15,61043,54377],{},[157,61045,61046],{},[30,61047,3697,61048,3701],{"href":60164},[15,61049,24891],{},[157,61051,61052],{},[30,61053,59507],{"href":58602},[157,61055,61056],{},[30,61057,61058],{"href":12181},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61060,61061,61062,61064],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61063,52761],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2044,61066,61067],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":61069},[61070,61071,61072,61073,61076,61077,61083,61084,61094,61095,61104],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":15276,"depth":83,"text":15277},{"id":59399,"depth":83,"text":59400},{"id":59510,"depth":83,"text":59511,"children":61074},[61075],{"id":59712,"depth":115,"text":59713},{"id":59728,"depth":83,"text":59729},{"id":59925,"depth":83,"text":61078,"children":61079},"Create a list with list()",[61080,61081,61082],{"id":59950,"depth":115,"text":59951},{"id":60023,"depth":115,"text":60024},{"id":60088,"depth":115,"text":60089},{"id":60170,"depth":83,"text":60171},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":61085},[61086,61087,61089,61091,61092,61093],{"id":60307,"depth":115,"text":60308},{"id":60366,"depth":115,"text":61088},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60486,"depth":115,"text":61090},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60707,"depth":115,"text":60708},{"id":60792,"depth":115,"text":60793},{"id":60818,"depth":115,"text":60819},{"id":60903,"depth":83,"text":60904},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":61096},[61097,61098,61099,61101,61102],{"id":60944,"depth":115,"text":60945},{"id":60959,"depth":115,"text":60960},{"id":60986,"depth":115,"text":61100},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60998,"depth":115,"text":60999},{"id":61005,"depth":115,"text":61103},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59141,"description":61105},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61112,"title":61113,"body":61114,"description":62851,"extension":2083,"meta":62852,"navigation":240,"path":62853,"seo":62854,"stem":62855,"__hash__":62856},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61115,"toc":62806},[61116,61121,61126,61129,61131,61202,61207,61212,61216,61230,61235,61237,61257,61262,61265,61288,61292,61297,61389,61391,61413,61419,61425,61432,61439,61445,61502,61508,61566,61568,61580,61588,61594,61599,61603,61660,61663,61667,61726,61729,61733,61791,61803,61807,61860,61863,61867,61873,61879,61940,61943,62004,62007,62063,62068,62070,62074,62081,62142,62147,62156,62212,62218,62222,62280,62288,62346,62350,62385,62389,62398,62401,62456,62470,62473,62588,62593,62597,62608,62610,62689,62699,62701,62706,62711,62718,62726,62732,62735,62741,62744,62750,62756,62758,62794,62803],[10,61117,54451,61119,18],{"id":61118},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61120,53555],{},[20,61122,61123,61125],{},[15,61124,53456],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61127,61128],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[38,61130,2125],{"id":2124},[43,61132,61134],{"className":45,"code":61133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61135,61136,61152,61169,61173,61188,61198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61137,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61139,59],{"class":58},[52,61141,63],{"class":62},[52,61143,3743],{"class":66},[52,61145,71],{"class":70},[52,61147,74],{"class":66},[52,61149,77],{"class":70},[52,61151,3756],{"class":66},[52,61153,61154,61157,61159,61161,61163,61165,61167],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61155,61156],{"class":58},"more_numbers ",[52,61158,63],{"class":62},[52,61160,3743],{"class":66},[52,61162,488],{"class":70},[52,61164,74],{"class":66},[52,61166,109],{"class":70},[52,61168,3756],{"class":66},[52,61170,61171],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61172,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61174,61175,61177,61179,61181,61183,61186],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61176,86],{"class":58},[52,61178,89],{"class":66},[52,61180,53585],{"class":92},[52,61182,122],{"class":66},[52,61184,61185],{"class":92},"more_numbers",[52,61187,127],{"class":66},[52,61189,61190,61192,61194,61196],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61191,119],{"class":118},[52,61193,122],{"class":66},[52,61195,86],{"class":92},[52,61197,127],{"class":66},[52,61199,61200],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,61201,52832],{"class":133},[20,61203,137,61204,61206],{},[15,61205,53555],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[38,61208,144,61210,147],{"id":61209},"what-listextend-does",[15,61211,53456],{},[20,61213,61214,152],{},[15,61215,53555],{},[154,61217,61218,61221,61223,61226],{},[157,61219,61220],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[157,61222,54537],{},[157,61224,61225],{},"Does not create a new list",[157,61227,1335,61228],{},[15,61229,445],{},[20,61231,61232,61233,53910],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61234,53555],{},[38,61236,268],{"id":267},[43,61238,61240],{"className":45,"code":61239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61241,61242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61243,61244,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61245,61246],{"class":58},"list_name",[52,61248,89],{"class":66},[52,61250,53585],{"class":92},[52,61252,122],{"class":66},[52,61254,290],{"class":92},[52,61256,127],{"class":66},[20,61258,5570,61259,61261],{},[984,61260,290],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61263,61264],{},"Common iterables include:",[154,61266,61267,61271,61275,61279,61284],{},[157,61268,61269],{},[15,61270,8213],{},[157,61272,61273],{},[15,61274,49061],{},[157,61276,61277],{},[15,61278,6407],{},[157,61280,61281],{},[15,61282,61283],{},"string",[157,61285,61286],{},[15,61287,60107],{},[38,61289,61291],{"id":61290},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61293,61294,61295,152],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61296,53555],{},[43,61298,61300],{"className":45,"code":61299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61301,61302,61326,61351,61355,61370,61374,61384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61303,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61305,1116],{"class":58},[52,61307,63],{"class":62},[52,61309,3743],{"class":66},[52,61311,189],{"class":188},[52,61313,1125],{"class":192},[52,61315,189],{"class":188},[52,61317,74],{"class":66},[52,61319,200],{"class":188},[52,61321,1145],{"class":192},[52,61323,189],{"class":188},[52,61325,3756],{"class":66},[52,61327,61328,61331,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61329,61330],{"class":58},"more_fruits ",[52,61332,63],{"class":62},[52,61334,3743],{"class":66},[52,61336,189],{"class":188},[52,61338,1216],{"class":192},[52,61340,189],{"class":188},[52,61342,74],{"class":66},[52,61344,200],{"class":188},[52,61346,22642],{"class":192},[52,61348,189],{"class":188},[52,61350,3756],{"class":66},[52,61352,61353],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61354,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61356,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61368],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61358,1134],{"class":58},[52,61360,89],{"class":66},[52,61362,53585],{"class":92},[52,61364,122],{"class":66},[52,61366,61367],{"class":92},"more_fruits",[52,61369,127],{"class":66},[52,61371,61372],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61373,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61375,61376,61378,61380,61382],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,61377,119],{"class":118},[52,61379,122],{"class":66},[52,61381,1134],{"class":92},[52,61383,127],{"class":66},[52,61385,61386],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,61387,61388],{"class":133},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61390,656],{},[154,61392,61393,61398,61403],{},[157,61394,61395,61397],{},[15,61396,1134],{}," starts with two items",[157,61399,61400,61402],{},[15,61401,61367],{}," has two more items",[157,61404,61405,61407,61408,61410,61411],{},[15,61406,53555],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61409,61367],{}," to ",[15,61412,1134],{},[20,61414,61415,61416,61418],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61417,1134],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61420,54676,61421,668,61423,89],{},[30,61422,52880],{"href":51088},[30,61424,57263],{"href":57262},[38,61426,61428,1083,61430],{"id":61427},"extend-vs-append",[15,61429,53555],{},[15,61431,52761],{},[20,61433,61434,668,61436,61438],{},[15,61435,53555],{},[15,61437,52761],{}," are often confused.",[1324,61440,61442,61444],{"id":61441},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61443,53555],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[43,61446,61448],{"className":45,"code":61447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61449,61450,61466,61484,61488,61498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61451,61452,61454,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61453,59],{"class":58},[52,61455,63],{"class":62},[52,61457,3743],{"class":66},[52,61459,71],{"class":70},[52,61461,74],{"class":66},[52,61463,77],{"class":70},[52,61465,3756],{"class":66},[52,61467,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61469,86],{"class":58},[52,61471,89],{"class":66},[52,61473,53585],{"class":92},[52,61475,96],{"class":66},[52,61477,488],{"class":70},[52,61479,74],{"class":66},[52,61481,109],{"class":70},[52,61483,112],{"class":66},[52,61485,61486],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61487,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61489,61490,61492,61494,61496],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61491,119],{"class":118},[52,61493,122],{"class":66},[52,61495,86],{"class":92},[52,61497,127],{"class":66},[52,61499,61500],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61501,52832],{"class":133},[1324,61503,61505,61507],{"id":61504},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61506,52761],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[43,61509,61511],{"className":45,"code":61510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61512,61513,61529,61547,61551,61561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61514,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61516,59],{"class":58},[52,61518,63],{"class":62},[52,61520,3743],{"class":66},[52,61522,71],{"class":70},[52,61524,74],{"class":66},[52,61526,77],{"class":70},[52,61528,3756],{"class":66},[52,61530,61531,61533,61535,61537,61539,61541,61543,61545],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61532,86],{"class":58},[52,61534,89],{"class":66},[52,61536,13668],{"class":92},[52,61538,96],{"class":66},[52,61540,488],{"class":70},[52,61542,74],{"class":66},[52,61544,109],{"class":70},[52,61546,112],{"class":66},[52,61548,61549],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61550,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61552,61553,61555,61557,61559],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61554,119],{"class":118},[52,61556,122],{"class":66},[52,61558,86],{"class":92},[52,61560,127],{"class":66},[52,61562,61563],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61564,61565],{"class":133},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61567,18806],{},[154,61569,61570,61575],{},[157,61571,61572,61574],{},[15,61573,53555],{}," to combine values",[157,61576,61577,61579],{},[15,61578,52761],{}," to add one item",[20,61581,42201,61582,668,61586,89],{},[30,61583,55629,61584,10859],{"href":56878},[15,61585,52761],{},[30,61587,53158],{"href":53157},[38,61589,8538,61591,61593],{"id":61590},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61592,53555],{}," with different iterables",[20,61595,61596,61598],{},[15,61597,53555],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1324,61600,61602],{"id":61601},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[43,61604,61606],{"className":45,"code":61605,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61607,61608,61624,61642,61646,61656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61609,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61611,357],{"class":58},[52,61613,63],{"class":62},[52,61615,3743],{"class":66},[52,61617,71],{"class":70},[52,61619,74],{"class":66},[52,61621,77],{"class":70},[52,61623,3756],{"class":66},[52,61625,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638,61640],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61627,370],{"class":58},[52,61629,89],{"class":66},[52,61631,53585],{"class":92},[52,61633,5629],{"class":66},[52,61635,488],{"class":70},[52,61637,74],{"class":66},[52,61639,109],{"class":70},[52,61641,2150],{"class":66},[52,61643,61644],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61645,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61647,61648,61650,61652,61654],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61649,119],{"class":118},[52,61651,122],{"class":66},[52,61653,370],{"class":92},[52,61655,127],{"class":66},[52,61657,61658],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61659,52832],{"class":133},[20,61661,61662],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1324,61664,61666],{"id":61665},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[43,61668,61670],{"className":45,"code":61669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61671,61672,61688,61707,61711,61721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61673,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684,61686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61675,921],{"class":58},[52,61677,63],{"class":62},[52,61679,3743],{"class":66},[52,61681,189],{"class":188},[52,61683,30],{"class":192},[52,61685,189],{"class":188},[52,61687,3756],{"class":66},[52,61689,61690,61692,61694,61696,61698,61700,61703,61705],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61691,939],{"class":58},[52,61693,89],{"class":66},[52,61695,53585],{"class":92},[52,61697,122],{"class":66},[52,61699,189],{"class":188},[52,61701,61702],{"class":192},"bc",[52,61704,189],{"class":188},[52,61706,127],{"class":66},[52,61708,61709],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61710,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61712,61713,61715,61717,61719],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61714,119],{"class":118},[52,61716,122],{"class":66},[52,61718,939],{"class":92},[52,61720,127],{"class":66},[52,61722,61723],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61724,61725],{"class":133},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61727,61728],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1324,61730,61732],{"id":61731},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[43,61734,61736],{"className":45,"code":61735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61737,61738,61750,61772,61776,61786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61739,61740,61742,61744,61746,61748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61741,59],{"class":58},[52,61743,63],{"class":62},[52,61745,3743],{"class":66},[52,61747,2243],{"class":70},[52,61749,3756],{"class":66},[52,61751,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766,61768,61770],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61753,86],{"class":58},[52,61755,89],{"class":66},[52,61757,53585],{"class":92},[52,61759,122],{"class":66},[52,61761,60107],{"class":118},[52,61763,122],{"class":66},[52,61765,71],{"class":70},[52,61767,74],{"class":66},[52,61769,109],{"class":70},[52,61771,2150],{"class":66},[52,61773,61774],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61775,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61777,61778,61780,61782,61784],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61779,119],{"class":118},[52,61781,122],{"class":66},[52,61783,86],{"class":92},[52,61785,127],{"class":66},[52,61787,61788],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61789,61790],{"class":133},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61792,61793,61796,61797,2311,61799,17186,61801,89],{},[15,61794,61795],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61798,71],{},[15,61800,99],{},[15,61802,488],{},[1324,61804,61806],{"id":61805},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[43,61808,61810],{"className":45,"code":61809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61811,61812,61828,61846,61850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61813,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824,61826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61815,7897],{"class":58},[52,61817,63],{"class":62},[52,61819,3743],{"class":66},[52,61821,71],{"class":70},[52,61823,74],{"class":66},[52,61825,77],{"class":70},[52,61827,3756],{"class":66},[52,61829,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61831,7928],{"class":58},[52,61833,89],{"class":66},[52,61835,53585],{"class":92},[52,61837,5648],{"class":66},[52,61839,488],{"class":70},[52,61841,74],{"class":66},[52,61843,109],{"class":70},[52,61845,407],{"class":66},[52,61847,61848],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61849,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61851,61852,61854,61856,61858],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61853,119],{"class":118},[52,61855,122],{"class":66},[52,61857,7928],{"class":92},[52,61859,127],{"class":66},[20,61861,61862],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[38,61864,61866],{"id":61865},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61868,61869,442,61871,89],{},[15,61870,53555],{},[15,61872,445],{},[20,61874,61875,61876,152],{},"That means this is ",[984,61877,61878],{},"wrong",[43,61880,61882],{"className":45,"code":61881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61883,61884,61900,61922,61926,61936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61885,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61887,59],{"class":58},[52,61889,63],{"class":62},[52,61891,3743],{"class":66},[52,61893,71],{"class":70},[52,61895,74],{"class":66},[52,61897,77],{"class":70},[52,61899,3756],{"class":66},[52,61901,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916,61918,61920],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61903,474],{"class":58},[52,61905,63],{"class":62},[52,61907,479],{"class":58},[52,61909,89],{"class":66},[52,61911,53585],{"class":92},[52,61913,96],{"class":66},[52,61915,488],{"class":70},[52,61917,74],{"class":66},[52,61919,109],{"class":70},[52,61921,112],{"class":66},[52,61923,61924],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61925,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61927,61928,61930,61932,61934],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61929,119],{"class":118},[52,61931,122],{"class":66},[52,61933,507],{"class":92},[52,61935,127],{"class":66},[52,61937,61938],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,61939,514],{"class":133},[20,61941,61942],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[43,61944,61946],{"className":45,"code":61945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61947,61948,61964,61986,61990,62000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61949,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958,61960,61962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61951,59],{"class":58},[52,61953,63],{"class":62},[52,61955,3743],{"class":66},[52,61957,71],{"class":70},[52,61959,74],{"class":66},[52,61961,77],{"class":70},[52,61963,3756],{"class":66},[52,61965,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980,61982,61984],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,61967,59],{"class":58},[52,61969,63],{"class":62},[52,61971,479],{"class":58},[52,61973,89],{"class":66},[52,61975,53585],{"class":92},[52,61977,96],{"class":66},[52,61979,488],{"class":70},[52,61981,74],{"class":66},[52,61983,109],{"class":70},[52,61985,112],{"class":66},[52,61987,61988],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61989,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,61991,61992,61994,61996,61998],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,61993,119],{"class":118},[52,61995,122],{"class":66},[52,61997,86],{"class":92},[52,61999,127],{"class":66},[52,62001,62002],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62003,514],{"class":133},[20,62005,62006],{},"The correct way is:",[43,62008,62009],{"className":45,"code":61447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62010,62011,62027,62045,62049,62059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62012,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62014,59],{"class":58},[52,62016,63],{"class":62},[52,62018,3743],{"class":66},[52,62020,71],{"class":70},[52,62022,74],{"class":66},[52,62024,77],{"class":70},[52,62026,3756],{"class":66},[52,62028,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62030,86],{"class":58},[52,62032,89],{"class":66},[52,62034,53585],{"class":92},[52,62036,96],{"class":66},[52,62038,488],{"class":70},[52,62040,74],{"class":66},[52,62042,109],{"class":70},[52,62044,112],{"class":66},[52,62046,62047],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62048,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62050,62051,62053,62055,62057],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62052,119],{"class":118},[52,62054,122],{"class":66},[52,62056,86],{"class":92},[52,62058,127],{"class":66},[52,62060,62061],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62062,52832],{"class":133},[20,62064,56018,62065,62067],{},[15,62066,53555],{}," first, then use the original list.",[38,62069,4636],{"id":4635},[20,62071,14848,62072,89],{},[15,62073,53555],{},[1324,62075,62077,62078,62080],{"id":62076},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62079,53555],{}," to return a new list",[43,62082,62084],{"className":45,"code":62083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62085,62086,62102,62124,62128,62138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62087,62088,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62089,59],{"class":58},[52,62091,63],{"class":62},[52,62093,3743],{"class":66},[52,62095,71],{"class":70},[52,62097,74],{"class":66},[52,62099,77],{"class":70},[52,62101,3756],{"class":66},[52,62103,62104,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120,62122],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62105,55751],{"class":58},[52,62107,63],{"class":62},[52,62109,479],{"class":58},[52,62111,89],{"class":66},[52,62113,53585],{"class":92},[52,62115,96],{"class":66},[52,62117,488],{"class":70},[52,62119,74],{"class":66},[52,62121,109],{"class":70},[52,62123,112],{"class":66},[52,62125,62126],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62127,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62129,62130,62132,62134,62136],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62131,119],{"class":118},[52,62133,122],{"class":66},[52,62135,55770],{"class":92},[52,62137,127],{"class":66},[52,62139,62140],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62141,514],{"class":133},[20,62143,62144,62145,89],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62146,53555],{},[1324,62148,62150,62151,1863,62153,62155],{"id":62149},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62152,52761],{},[15,62154,53555],{}," is needed",[43,62157,62158],{"className":45,"code":61510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62159,62160,62176,62194,62198,62208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62161,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62163,59],{"class":58},[52,62165,63],{"class":62},[52,62167,3743],{"class":66},[52,62169,71],{"class":70},[52,62171,74],{"class":66},[52,62173,77],{"class":70},[52,62175,3756],{"class":66},[52,62177,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62179,86],{"class":58},[52,62181,89],{"class":66},[52,62183,13668],{"class":92},[52,62185,96],{"class":66},[52,62187,488],{"class":70},[52,62189,74],{"class":66},[52,62191,109],{"class":70},[52,62193,112],{"class":66},[52,62195,62196],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62197,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62201,119],{"class":118},[52,62203,122],{"class":66},[52,62205,86],{"class":92},[52,62207,127],{"class":66},[52,62209,62210],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62211,61565],{"class":133},[20,62213,1304,62214,54000,62216,1311],{},[15,62215,53999],{},[15,62217,53555],{},[1324,62219,62221],{"id":62220},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[43,62223,62225],{"className":45,"code":62224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62226,62227,62243,62261,62265,62275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235,62237,62239,62241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62230,1025],{"class":58},[52,62232,63],{"class":62},[52,62234,3743],{"class":66},[52,62236,189],{"class":188},[52,62238,3964],{"class":192},[52,62240,189],{"class":188},[52,62242,3756],{"class":66},[52,62244,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255,62257,62259],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62246,1043],{"class":58},[52,62248,89],{"class":66},[52,62250,53585],{"class":92},[52,62252,122],{"class":66},[52,62254,189],{"class":188},[52,62256,60700],{"class":192},[52,62258,189],{"class":188},[52,62260,127],{"class":66},[52,62262,62263],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62264,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62266,62267,62269,62271,62273],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62268,119],{"class":118},[52,62270,122],{"class":66},[52,62272,1043],{"class":92},[52,62274,127],{"class":66},[52,62276,62277],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62278,62279],{"class":133},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62281,62282,62283,1308,62286,152],{},"If you want ",[15,62284,62285],{},"\"world\"",[15,62287,52761],{},[43,62289,62291],{"className":45,"code":62290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62292,62293,62309,62327,62331,62341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62294,62295,62297,62299,62301,62303,62305,62307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62296,1025],{"class":58},[52,62298,63],{"class":62},[52,62300,3743],{"class":66},[52,62302,189],{"class":188},[52,62304,3964],{"class":192},[52,62306,189],{"class":188},[52,62308,3756],{"class":66},[52,62310,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321,62323,62325],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62312,1043],{"class":58},[52,62314,89],{"class":66},[52,62316,13668],{"class":92},[52,62318,122],{"class":66},[52,62320,189],{"class":188},[52,62322,60700],{"class":192},[52,62324,189],{"class":188},[52,62326,127],{"class":66},[52,62328,62329],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62330,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62332,62333,62335,62337,62339],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62334,119],{"class":118},[52,62336,122],{"class":66},[52,62338,1043],{"class":92},[52,62340,127],{"class":66},[52,62342,62343],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62344,62345],{"class":133},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1324,62347,62349],{"id":62348},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[43,62351,62353],{"className":45,"code":62352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62354,62355,62371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62356,62357,62359,62361,62363,62365,62367,62369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62358,59],{"class":58},[52,62360,63],{"class":62},[52,62362,3743],{"class":66},[52,62364,71],{"class":70},[52,62366,74],{"class":66},[52,62368,77],{"class":70},[52,62370,3756],{"class":66},[52,62372,62373,62375,62377,62379,62381,62383],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62374,86],{"class":58},[52,62376,89],{"class":66},[52,62378,53585],{"class":92},[52,62380,122],{"class":66},[52,62382,1705],{"class":70},[52,62384,127],{"class":66},[20,62386,39760,62387,6670],{},[15,62388,1705],{},[20,62390,1710,62391,62393,62394,62397],{},[15,62392,1713],{},". See ",[30,62395,62396],{"href":1780},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62399,62400],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[43,62402,62404],{"className":45,"code":62403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62405,62406,62416,62430,62442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62407,62408,62410,62412,62414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62409,119],{"class":118},[52,62411,122],{"class":66},[52,62413,8459],{"class":92},[52,62415,127],{"class":66},[52,62417,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62419,119],{"class":118},[52,62421,122],{"class":66},[52,62423,3340],{"class":3020},[52,62425,122],{"class":66},[52,62427,370],{"class":92},[52,62429,2150],{"class":66},[52,62431,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62433,119],{"class":118},[52,62435,122],{"class":66},[52,62437,507],{"class":92},[52,62439,3782],{"class":66},[52,62441,127],{"class":58},[52,62443,62444,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62445,32262],{"class":118},[52,62447,122],{"class":66},[52,62449,8213],{"class":3020},[52,62451,89],{"class":66},[52,62453,53585],{"class":24860},[52,62455,127],{"class":66},[43689,62457,62458],{},[20,62459,62460,62461,62464,62465,62467,62468,89],{},"Note: ",[15,62462,62463],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62466,3782],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62469,33134],{},[20,62471,62472],{},"Correct debugging example:",[43,62474,62476],{"className":45,"code":62475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62477,62478,62494,62510,62514,62528,62532,62540,62550,62564,62574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62479,62480,62482,62484,62486,62488,62490,62492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62481,8428],{"class":58},[52,62483,63],{"class":62},[52,62485,3743],{"class":66},[52,62487,71],{"class":70},[52,62489,74],{"class":66},[52,62491,77],{"class":70},[52,62493,3756],{"class":66},[52,62495,62496,62498,62500,62502,62504,62506,62508],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62497,357],{"class":58},[52,62499,63],{"class":62},[52,62501,3743],{"class":66},[52,62503,488],{"class":70},[52,62505,74],{"class":66},[52,62507,109],{"class":70},[52,62509,3756],{"class":66},[52,62511,62512],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62513,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62515,62516,62518,62520,62522,62524,62526],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62517,8459],{"class":58},[52,62519,89],{"class":66},[52,62521,53585],{"class":92},[52,62523,122],{"class":66},[52,62525,370],{"class":92},[52,62527,127],{"class":66},[52,62529,62530],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62531,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62533,62534,62536,62538],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,62535,474],{"class":58},[52,62537,63],{"class":62},[52,62539,48635],{"class":3971},[52,62541,62542,62544,62546,62548],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,62543,119],{"class":118},[52,62545,122],{"class":66},[52,62547,8459],{"class":92},[52,62549,127],{"class":66},[52,62551,62552,62554,62556,62558,62560,62562],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,62553,119],{"class":118},[52,62555,122],{"class":66},[52,62557,3340],{"class":3020},[52,62559,122],{"class":66},[52,62561,370],{"class":92},[52,62563,2150],{"class":66},[52,62565,62566,62568,62570,62572],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,62567,119],{"class":118},[52,62569,122],{"class":66},[52,62571,507],{"class":92},[52,62573,127],{"class":66},[52,62575,62576,62578,62580,62582,62584,62586],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,62577,32262],{"class":118},[52,62579,122],{"class":66},[52,62581,8213],{"class":3020},[52,62583,89],{"class":66},[52,62585,53585],{"class":24860},[52,62587,127],{"class":66},[38,62589,5078,62591],{"id":62590},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62592,53555],{},[20,62594,137,62595,6438],{},[15,62596,53555],{},[154,62598,62599,62602,62605],{},[157,62600,62601],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[157,62603,62604],{},"Add multiple values at once",[157,62606,62607],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62609,5590],{},[43,62611,62613],{"className":45,"code":62612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62614,62615,62632,62650,62654,62670,62674,62684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62616,62617,62620,62622,62624,62626,62628,62630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62618,62619],{"class":58},"all_scores ",[52,62621,63],{"class":62},[52,62623,3743],{"class":66},[52,62625,13617],{"class":70},[52,62627,74],{"class":66},[52,62629,13622],{"class":70},[52,62631,3756],{"class":66},[52,62633,62634,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645,62648],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62635,62636],{"class":58},"new_scores ",[52,62638,63],{"class":62},[52,62640,3743],{"class":66},[52,62642,51614],{"class":70},[52,62644,74],{"class":66},[52,62646,62647],{"class":70}," 92",[52,62649,3756],{"class":66},[52,62651,62652],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62653,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62655,62656,62659,62661,62663,62665,62668],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62657,62658],{"class":58},"all_scores",[52,62660,89],{"class":66},[52,62662,53585],{"class":92},[52,62664,122],{"class":66},[52,62666,62667],{"class":92},"new_scores",[52,62669,127],{"class":66},[52,62671,62672],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62673,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62675,62676,62678,62680,62682],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,62677,119],{"class":118},[52,62679,122],{"class":66},[52,62681,62658],{"class":92},[52,62683,127],{"class":66},[52,62685,62686],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,62687,62688],{"class":133},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62690,62691,62692,62694,62695,89],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62693,52761],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[30,62696,55629,62697,10859],{"href":54017},[15,62698,54377],{},[38,62700,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,62702,1937,62704,55578],{"id":62703},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62705,53456],{},[20,62707,62708,62709,89],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62710,445],{},[1324,62712,1959,62714,668,62716,1964],{"id":62713},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62715,53555],{},[15,62717,52761],{},[20,62719,62720,62722,62723,62725],{},[15,62721,53555],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62724,52761],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1324,62727,1949,62729,62731],{"id":62728},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62730,53555],{}," with a string?",[20,62733,62734],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1324,62736,1949,62738,62740],{"id":62737},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62739,53555],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62742,62743],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1324,62745,62747,62748,1964],{"id":62746},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62749,53555],{},[20,62751,62752,62753,62755],{},"You get a ",[15,62754,1713],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[38,62757,1996],{"id":1995},[154,62759,62760,62766,62770,62774,62778,62784,62788],{},[157,62761,62762],{},[30,62763,55629,62764,10859],{"href":56878},[15,62765,52761],{},[157,62767,62768],{},[30,62769,54387],{"href":53157},[157,62771,62772],{},[30,62773,57337],{"href":57262},[157,62775,62776],{},[30,62777,52880],{"href":51088},[157,62779,62780],{},[30,62781,55629,62782,10859],{"href":54017},[15,62783,54377],{},[157,62785,62786],{},[30,62787,62396],{"href":1780},[157,62789,62790],{},[30,62791,55629,62792,10859],{"href":55069},[15,62793,12893],{},[20,62795,62796,62797,62799,62800,62802],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62798,52761],{},", when to use ",[15,62801,54377],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2044,62804,62805],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":62807},[62808,62809,62811,62812,62813,62820,62827,62828,62836,62838,62850],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":61209,"depth":83,"text":62810},"What list.extend() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":61290,"depth":83,"text":61291},{"id":61427,"depth":83,"text":62814,"children":62815},"extend() vs append()",[62816,62818],{"id":61441,"depth":115,"text":62817},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61504,"depth":115,"text":62819},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61590,"depth":83,"text":62821,"children":62822},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62823,62824,62825,62826],{"id":61601,"depth":115,"text":61602},{"id":61665,"depth":115,"text":61666},{"id":61731,"depth":115,"text":61732},{"id":61805,"depth":115,"text":61806},{"id":61865,"depth":83,"text":61866},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":62829},[62830,62832,62834,62835],{"id":62076,"depth":115,"text":62831},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62149,"depth":115,"text":62833},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62220,"depth":115,"text":62221},{"id":62348,"depth":115,"text":62349},{"id":62590,"depth":83,"text":62837},"When to use extend()",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":62839},[62840,62842,62844,62846,62848],{"id":62703,"depth":115,"text":62841},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62713,"depth":115,"text":62843},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62728,"depth":115,"text":62845},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62737,"depth":115,"text":62847},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62746,"depth":115,"text":62849},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61113,"description":62851},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62858,"title":62859,"body":62860,"description":64950,"extension":2083,"meta":64951,"navigation":240,"path":64952,"seo":64953,"stem":64954,"__hash__":64955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62861,"toc":64913},[62862,62865,62870,62876,62887,62893,62895,62964,62966,63015,63023,63027,63032,63035,63046,63051,63053,63055,63076,63089,63092,63105,63107,63112,63137,63139,63147,63150,63219,63221,63245,63251,63255,63259,63295,63297,63317,63324,63328,63361,63363,63397,63402,63406,63439,63441,63469,63477,63481,63518,63520,63541,63544,63548,63617,63619,63643,63649,63656,63660,63663,63665,63679,63682,63706,63708,63733,63736,63755,63757,63783,63792,63796,63803,63880,63882,63923,63929,63935,64026,64028,64084,64087,64092,64096,64101,64105,64164,64166,64191,64195,64258,64260,64285,64289,64352,64354,64397,64400,64404,64408,64430,64434,64516,64518,64553,64561,64563,64567,64571,64573,64600,64605,64607,64634,64641,64644,64667,64669,64718,64721,64724,64743,64747,64750,64801,64804,64810,64814,64819,64822,64824,64830,64839,64843,64848,64852,64855,64859,64862,64866,64872,64874,64910],[10,62863,62859],{"id":62864},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62866,9245,62867,62869],{},[15,62868,24891],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62871,62872,62873,62875],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62874,24891],{}," for two main reasons:",[154,62877,62878,62881],{},[157,62879,62880],{},"to make an empty list",[157,62882,62883,62884,62886],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62885,60107],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62888,62889,62890,62892],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62891,24891],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[38,62894,2125],{"id":2124},[43,62896,62898],{"className":45,"code":62897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62899,62900,62922,62940,62944,62954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62901,62902,62904,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62903,59],{"class":58},[52,62905,63],{"class":62},[52,62907,22669],{"class":3020},[52,62909,5629],{"class":66},[52,62911,71],{"class":70},[52,62913,74],{"class":66},[52,62915,77],{"class":70},[52,62917,74],{"class":66},[52,62919,104],{"class":70},[52,62921,2150],{"class":66},[52,62923,62924,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62925,921],{"class":58},[52,62927,63],{"class":62},[52,62929,22669],{"class":3020},[52,62931,122],{"class":66},[52,62933,189],{"class":188},[52,62935,41668],{"class":192},[52,62937,189],{"class":188},[52,62939,127],{"class":66},[52,62941,62942],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62943,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,62945,62946,62948,62950,62952],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,62947,119],{"class":118},[52,62949,122],{"class":66},[52,62951,86],{"class":92},[52,62953,127],{"class":66},[52,62955,62956,62958,62960,62962],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,62957,119],{"class":118},[52,62959,122],{"class":66},[52,62961,939],{"class":92},[52,62963,127],{"class":66},[20,62965,2193],{},[43,62967,62969],{"className":45,"code":62968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62970,62971,62987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62972,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62974,4020],{"class":66},[52,62976,71],{"class":70},[52,62978,74],{"class":66},[52,62980,77],{"class":70},[52,62982,74],{"class":66},[52,62984,104],{"class":70},[52,62986,3756],{"class":66},[52,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007,63009,63011,63013],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,62990,4020],{"class":66},[52,62992,3420],{"class":188},[52,62994,30],{"class":192},[52,62996,3420],{"class":188},[52,62998,74],{"class":66},[52,63000,3415],{"class":188},[52,63002,1393],{"class":192},[52,63004,3420],{"class":188},[52,63006,74],{"class":66},[52,63008,3415],{"class":188},[52,63010,1491],{"class":192},[52,63012,3420],{"class":188},[52,63014,3756],{"class":66},[20,63016,137,63017,63019,63020,63022],{},[15,63018,24891],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63021,60107],{},", set, or dictionary.",[38,63024,63026],{"id":63025},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63028,63029,63031],{},[15,63030,24891],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63033,63034],{},"It can:",[154,63036,63037,63040,63043],{},[157,63038,63039],{},"create a new list object",[157,63041,63042],{},"make an empty list",[157,63044,63045],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63047,63048,63049,89],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[30,63050,52880],{"href":51088},[38,63052,268],{"id":267},[20,63054,26597],{},[43,63056,63058],{"className":45,"code":63057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63059,63060,63066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63061,63062,63064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63063,8213],{"class":3020},[52,63065,8764],{"class":66},[52,63067,63068,63070,63072,63074],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63069,8213],{"class":3020},[52,63071,122],{"class":66},[52,63073,290],{"class":92},[52,63075,127],{"class":66},[154,63077,63078,63083],{},[157,63079,63080,63082],{},[15,63081,24891],{}," makes an empty list",[157,63084,63085,63088],{},[15,63086,63087],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63090,63091],{},"Common iterable values include:",[154,63093,63094,63096,63098,63100,63103],{},[157,63095,5427],{},[157,63097,5421],{},[157,63099,5424],{},[157,63101,63102],{},"ranges",[157,63104,7368],{},[38,63106,59729],{"id":59728},[20,63108,137,63109,63111],{},[15,63110,24891],{}," with no arguments:",[43,63113,63115],{"className":45,"code":63114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63116,63117,63127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63118,63119,63121,63123,63125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63120,7897],{"class":58},[52,63122,63],{"class":62},[52,63124,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63126,8764],{"class":66},[52,63128,63129,63131,63133,63135],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63130,119],{"class":118},[52,63132,122],{"class":66},[52,63134,7928],{"class":92},[52,63136,127],{"class":66},[20,63138,2193],{},[43,63140,63141],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63142,63143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63144,63145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63146,38404],{"class":66},[20,63148,63149],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[43,63151,63153],{"className":45,"code":63152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63154,63155,63165,63169,63187,63205,63209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63158,7897],{"class":58},[52,63160,63],{"class":62},[52,63162,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63164,8764],{"class":66},[52,63166,63167],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63168,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,63170,63171,63173,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183,63185],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63172,7928],{"class":58},[52,63174,89],{"class":66},[52,63176,13668],{"class":92},[52,63178,122],{"class":66},[52,63180,189],{"class":188},[52,63182,1125],{"class":192},[52,63184,189],{"class":188},[52,63186,127],{"class":66},[52,63188,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,63190,7928],{"class":58},[52,63192,89],{"class":66},[52,63194,13668],{"class":92},[52,63196,122],{"class":66},[52,63198,189],{"class":188},[52,63200,1145],{"class":192},[52,63202,189],{"class":188},[52,63204,127],{"class":66},[52,63206,63207],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,63208,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,63210,63211,63213,63215,63217],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,63212,119],{"class":118},[52,63214,122],{"class":66},[52,63216,7928],{"class":92},[52,63218,127],{"class":66},[20,63220,2193],{},[43,63222,63223],{"className":45,"code":38529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63224,63225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63226,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63228,4020],{"class":66},[52,63230,3420],{"class":188},[52,63232,1125],{"class":192},[52,63234,3420],{"class":188},[52,63236,74],{"class":66},[52,63238,3415],{"class":188},[52,63240,1145],{"class":192},[52,63242,3420],{"class":188},[52,63244,3756],{"class":66},[20,63246,63247,63248,63250],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63249,3906],{},". Both are valid.",[38,63252,63254],{"id":63253},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1324,63256,63258],{"id":63257},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[43,63260,63261],{"className":45,"code":60027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63262,63263,63285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63264,63265,63267,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63266,59],{"class":58},[52,63268,63],{"class":62},[52,63270,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63272,5629],{"class":66},[52,63274,71],{"class":70},[52,63276,74],{"class":66},[52,63278,77],{"class":70},[52,63280,74],{"class":66},[52,63282,104],{"class":70},[52,63284,2150],{"class":66},[52,63286,63287,63289,63291,63293],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63288,119],{"class":118},[52,63290,122],{"class":66},[52,63292,86],{"class":92},[52,63294,127],{"class":66},[20,63296,2193],{},[43,63298,63299],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63300,63301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63302,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63304,4020],{"class":66},[52,63306,71],{"class":70},[52,63308,74],{"class":66},[52,63310,77],{"class":70},[52,63312,74],{"class":66},[52,63314,104],{"class":70},[52,63316,3756],{"class":66},[20,63318,63319,63320,89],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[30,63321,63323],{"href":63322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1324,63325,63327],{"id":63326},"string-to-list","String to list",[43,63329,63331],{"className":45,"code":63330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63332,63333,63351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63334,63335,63337,63339,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63336,921],{"class":58},[52,63338,63],{"class":62},[52,63340,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63342,122],{"class":66},[52,63344,189],{"class":188},[52,63346,950],{"class":192},[52,63348,189],{"class":188},[52,63350,127],{"class":66},[52,63352,63353,63355,63357,63359],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63354,119],{"class":118},[52,63356,122],{"class":66},[52,63358,939],{"class":92},[52,63360,127],{"class":66},[20,63362,2193],{},[43,63364,63366],{"className":45,"code":63365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63367,63368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63369,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63393,63395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63371,4020],{"class":66},[52,63373,3420],{"class":188},[52,63375,1491],{"class":192},[52,63377,3420],{"class":188},[52,63379,74],{"class":66},[52,63381,3415],{"class":188},[52,63383,30],{"class":192},[52,63385,3420],{"class":188},[52,63387,74],{"class":66},[52,63389,3415],{"class":188},[52,63391,63392],{"class":192},"t",[52,63394,3420],{"class":188},[52,63396,3756],{"class":66},[20,63398,63399,63401],{},[15,63400,24891],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1324,63403,63405],{"id":63404},"range-to-list","Range to list",[43,63407,63409],{"className":45,"code":63408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63410,63411,63429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63412,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63414,59],{"class":58},[52,63416,63],{"class":62},[52,63418,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63420,122],{"class":66},[52,63422,60107],{"class":118},[52,63424,122],{"class":66},[52,63426,1705],{"class":70},[52,63428,2150],{"class":66},[52,63430,63431,63433,63435,63437],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63432,119],{"class":118},[52,63434,122],{"class":66},[52,63436,86],{"class":92},[52,63438,127],{"class":66},[20,63440,2193],{},[43,63442,63443],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63444,63445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63446,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457,63459,63461,63463,63465,63467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63448,4020],{"class":66},[52,63450,2243],{"class":70},[52,63452,74],{"class":66},[52,63454,5616],{"class":70},[52,63456,74],{"class":66},[52,63458,77],{"class":70},[52,63460,74],{"class":66},[52,63462,104],{"class":70},[52,63464,74],{"class":66},[52,63466,109],{"class":70},[52,63468,3756],{"class":66},[20,63470,63471,63472,63476],{},"This is common when working with ",[30,63473,63474],{"href":36303},[15,63475,36306],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1324,63478,63480],{"id":63479},"set-to-list","Set to list",[43,63482,63484],{"className":45,"code":63483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63485,63486,63508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63487,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63489,357],{"class":58},[52,63491,63],{"class":62},[52,63493,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63495,5648],{"class":66},[52,63497,2452],{"class":70},[52,63499,74],{"class":66},[52,63501,7908],{"class":70},[52,63503,74],{"class":66},[52,63505,7913],{"class":70},[52,63507,407],{"class":66},[52,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63511,119],{"class":118},[52,63513,122],{"class":66},[52,63515,370],{"class":92},[52,63517,127],{"class":66},[20,63519,17072],{},[43,63521,63523],{"className":45,"code":63522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63524,63525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63526,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63528,4020],{"class":66},[52,63530,2452],{"class":70},[52,63532,74],{"class":66},[52,63534,7908],{"class":70},[52,63536,74],{"class":66},[52,63538,7913],{"class":70},[52,63540,3756],{"class":66},[20,63542,63543],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1324,63545,63547],{"id":63546},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[43,63549,63551],{"className":45,"code":63550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63552,63553,63589,63603,63607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63554,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577,63579,63581,63583,63585,63587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63556,13319],{"class":58},[52,63558,63],{"class":62},[52,63560,67],{"class":66},[52,63562,189],{"class":188},[52,63564,7786],{"class":192},[52,63566,189],{"class":188},[52,63568,152],{"class":66},[52,63570,200],{"class":188},[52,63572,12997],{"class":192},[52,63574,189],{"class":188},[52,63576,74],{"class":66},[52,63578,200],{"class":188},[52,63580,9420],{"class":192},[52,63582,189],{"class":188},[52,63584,152],{"class":66},[52,63586,9427],{"class":70},[52,63588,80],{"class":66},[52,63590,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63592,474],{"class":58},[52,63594,63],{"class":62},[52,63596,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63598,122],{"class":66},[52,63600,17421],{"class":92},[52,63602,127],{"class":66},[52,63604,63605],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63606,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,63608,63609,63611,63613,63615],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,63610,119],{"class":118},[52,63612,122],{"class":66},[52,63614,507],{"class":92},[52,63616,127],{"class":66},[20,63618,2193],{},[43,63620,63621],{"className":45,"code":25591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63622,63623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63624,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63626,4020],{"class":66},[52,63628,3420],{"class":188},[52,63630,7786],{"class":192},[52,63632,3420],{"class":188},[52,63634,74],{"class":66},[52,63636,3415],{"class":188},[52,63638,9420],{"class":192},[52,63640,3420],{"class":188},[52,63642,3756],{"class":66},[20,63644,63645,63646,63648],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63647,24891],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63650,63651,63652,89],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[30,63653,63655],{"href":63654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[38,63657,63659],{"id":63658},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63661,63662],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63664,61264],{},[154,63666,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677],{},[157,63668,5418],{},[157,63670,5421],{},[157,63672,5427],{},[157,63674,5424],{},[157,63676,63102],{},[157,63678,7368],{},[20,63680,63681],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[43,63683,63685],{"className":45,"code":63684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63686,63687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63688,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63702,63704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63690,119],{"class":118},[52,63692,122],{"class":66},[52,63694,8213],{"class":3020},[52,63696,122],{"class":66},[52,63698,189],{"class":188},[52,63700,63701],{"class":192},"hi",[52,63703,189],{"class":188},[52,63705,2150],{"class":66},[20,63707,2193],{},[43,63709,63711],{"className":45,"code":63710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63712,63713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63714,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63716,4020],{"class":66},[52,63718,3420],{"class":188},[52,63720,60547],{"class":192},[52,63722,3420],{"class":188},[52,63724,74],{"class":66},[52,63726,3415],{"class":188},[52,63728,36262],{"class":192},[52,63730,3420],{"class":188},[52,63732,3756],{"class":66},[20,63734,63735],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[43,63737,63739],{"className":45,"code":63738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63740,63741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63742,63743,63745,63747,63749,63751,63753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63744,119],{"class":118},[52,63746,122],{"class":66},[52,63748,8213],{"class":3020},[52,63750,122],{"class":66},[52,63752,1705],{"class":70},[52,63754,2150],{"class":66},[20,63756,2193],{},[43,63758,63760],{"className":45,"code":63759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63761,63762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63763,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63765,1713],{"class":3020},[52,63767,152],{"class":66},[52,63769,3415],{"class":188},[52,63771,2310],{"class":192},[52,63773,3420],{"class":188},[52,63775,24727],{"class":3020},[52,63777,8216],{"class":62},[52,63779,8219],{"class":62},[52,63781,63782],{"class":58}," iterable\n",[20,63784,63785,63786,63788,63789,89],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[30,63787,5254],{"href":5705},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[30,63790,63791],{"href":1780},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[38,63793,63795],{"id":63794},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63797,63798,63799,63802],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63800,63801],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[43,63804,63806],{"className":45,"code":63805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63807,63808,63828,63842,63846,63856,63866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63809,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63811,12202],{"class":58},[52,63813,63],{"class":62},[52,63815,3743],{"class":66},[52,63817,71],{"class":70},[52,63819,74],{"class":66},[52,63821,77],{"class":70},[52,63823,74],{"class":66},[52,63825,104],{"class":70},[52,63827,3756],{"class":66},[52,63829,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63831,14426],{"class":58},[52,63833,63],{"class":62},[52,63835,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63837,122],{"class":66},[52,63839,12249],{"class":92},[52,63841,127],{"class":66},[52,63843,63844],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63845,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,63847,63848,63850,63852,63854],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,63849,119],{"class":118},[52,63851,122],{"class":66},[52,63853,12249],{"class":92},[52,63855,127],{"class":66},[52,63857,63858,63860,63862,63864],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,63859,119],{"class":118},[52,63861,122],{"class":66},[52,63863,14445],{"class":92},[52,63865,127],{"class":66},[52,63867,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,63869,119],{"class":118},[52,63871,122],{"class":66},[52,63873,12202],{"class":92},[52,63875,12310],{"class":3996},[52,63877,14499],{"class":92},[52,63879,127],{"class":66},[20,63881,2193],{},[43,63883,63885],{"className":45,"code":63884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63886,63887,63903,63919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63888,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63890,4020],{"class":66},[52,63892,71],{"class":70},[52,63894,74],{"class":66},[52,63896,77],{"class":70},[52,63898,74],{"class":66},[52,63900,104],{"class":70},[52,63902,3756],{"class":66},[52,63904,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63906,4020],{"class":66},[52,63908,71],{"class":70},[52,63910,74],{"class":66},[52,63912,77],{"class":70},[52,63914,74],{"class":66},[52,63916,104],{"class":70},[52,63918,3756],{"class":66},[52,63920,63921],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63922,4161],{"class":3971},[20,63924,63925,63926,63928],{},"This means ",[15,63927,14445],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63930,63931,63932,63934],{},"However, this is only a ",[984,63933,12967],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[43,63936,63938],{"className":45,"code":63937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63939,63940,63966,63980,63984,64002,64006,64016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63941,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63943,12202],{"class":58},[52,63945,63],{"class":62},[52,63947,56403],{"class":66},[52,63949,71],{"class":70},[52,63951,74],{"class":66},[52,63953,77],{"class":70},[52,63955,385],{"class":66},[52,63957,3743],{"class":66},[52,63959,488],{"class":70},[52,63961,74],{"class":66},[52,63963,109],{"class":70},[52,63965,53351],{"class":66},[52,63967,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,63969,14426],{"class":58},[52,63971,63],{"class":62},[52,63973,22669],{"class":3020},[52,63975,122],{"class":66},[52,63977,12249],{"class":92},[52,63979,127],{"class":66},[52,63981,63982],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63983,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,63985,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,63987,14445],{"class":58},[52,63989,4020],{"class":66},[52,63991,2243],{"class":70},[52,63993,13665],{"class":66},[52,63995,13668],{"class":92},[52,63997,122],{"class":66},[52,63999,56456],{"class":70},[52,64001,127],{"class":66},[52,64003,64004],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,64005,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,64007,64008,64010,64012,64014],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,64009,119],{"class":118},[52,64011,122],{"class":66},[52,64013,12249],{"class":92},[52,64015,127],{"class":66},[52,64017,64018,64020,64022,64024],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,64019,119],{"class":118},[52,64021,122],{"class":66},[52,64023,14445],{"class":92},[52,64025,127],{"class":66},[20,64027,2193],{},[43,64029,64030],{"className":45,"code":56487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,64031,64032,64058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64033,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64035,56494],{"class":66},[52,64037,71],{"class":70},[52,64039,74],{"class":66},[52,64041,77],{"class":70},[52,64043,74],{"class":66},[52,64045,10316],{"class":70},[52,64047,385],{"class":66},[52,64049,3743],{"class":66},[52,64051,488],{"class":70},[52,64053,74],{"class":66},[52,64055,109],{"class":70},[52,64057,53351],{"class":66},[52,64059,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,64061,56494],{"class":66},[52,64063,71],{"class":70},[52,64065,74],{"class":66},[52,64067,77],{"class":70},[52,64069,74],{"class":66},[52,64071,10316],{"class":70},[52,64073,385],{"class":66},[52,64075,3743],{"class":66},[52,64077,488],{"class":70},[52,64079,74],{"class":66},[52,64081,109],{"class":70},[52,64083,53351],{"class":66},[20,64085,64086],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64088,64089,64090,89],{},"For more on this, see ",[30,64091,13906],{"href":13905},[38,64093,64095],{"id":64094},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64097,64098,64099,89],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64100,24891],{},[1324,64102,64104],{"id":64103},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[43,64106,64108],{"className":45,"code":64107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64109,64110,64150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64111,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136,64138,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64113,12980],{"class":58},[52,64115,63],{"class":62},[52,64117,67],{"class":66},[52,64119,189],{"class":188},[52,64121,7786],{"class":192},[52,64123,189],{"class":188},[52,64125,152],{"class":66},[52,64127,200],{"class":188},[52,64129,8040],{"class":192},[52,64131,189],{"class":188},[52,64133,74],{"class":66},[52,64135,200],{"class":188},[52,64137,20002],{"class":192},[52,64139,189],{"class":188},[52,64141,152],{"class":66},[52,64143,200],{"class":188},[52,64145,22354],{"class":192},[52,64147,189],{"class":188},[52,64149,80],{"class":66},[52,64151,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,64153,119],{"class":118},[52,64155,122],{"class":66},[52,64157,8213],{"class":3020},[52,64159,122],{"class":66},[52,64161,13741],{"class":92},[52,64163,2150],{"class":66},[20,64165,2193],{},[43,64167,64169],{"className":45,"code":64168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64170,64171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64172,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64174,4020],{"class":66},[52,64176,3420],{"class":188},[52,64178,7786],{"class":192},[52,64180,3420],{"class":188},[52,64182,74],{"class":66},[52,64184,3415],{"class":188},[52,64186,20002],{"class":192},[52,64188,3420],{"class":188},[52,64190,3756],{"class":66},[1324,64192,64194],{"id":64193},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[43,64196,64198],{"className":45,"code":64197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64199,64200,64240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64201,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64203,12980],{"class":58},[52,64205,63],{"class":62},[52,64207,67],{"class":66},[52,64209,189],{"class":188},[52,64211,7786],{"class":192},[52,64213,189],{"class":188},[52,64215,152],{"class":66},[52,64217,200],{"class":188},[52,64219,8040],{"class":192},[52,64221,189],{"class":188},[52,64223,74],{"class":66},[52,64225,200],{"class":188},[52,64227,20002],{"class":192},[52,64229,189],{"class":188},[52,64231,152],{"class":66},[52,64233,200],{"class":188},[52,64235,22354],{"class":192},[52,64237,189],{"class":188},[52,64239,80],{"class":66},[52,64241,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,64243,119],{"class":118},[52,64245,122],{"class":66},[52,64247,8213],{"class":3020},[52,64249,122],{"class":66},[52,64251,13741],{"class":92},[52,64253,89],{"class":66},[52,64255,370],{"class":92},[52,64257,6410],{"class":66},[20,64259,2193],{},[43,64261,64263],{"className":45,"code":64262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64264,64265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64268,4020],{"class":66},[52,64270,3420],{"class":188},[52,64272,8040],{"class":192},[52,64274,3420],{"class":188},[52,64276,74],{"class":66},[52,64278,3415],{"class":188},[52,64280,22354],{"class":192},[52,64282,3420],{"class":188},[52,64284,3756],{"class":66},[1324,64286,64288],{"id":64287},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[43,64290,64292],{"className":45,"code":64291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64293,64294,64334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64295,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64297,12980],{"class":58},[52,64299,63],{"class":62},[52,64301,67],{"class":66},[52,64303,189],{"class":188},[52,64305,7786],{"class":192},[52,64307,189],{"class":188},[52,64309,152],{"class":66},[52,64311,200],{"class":188},[52,64313,8040],{"class":192},[52,64315,189],{"class":188},[52,64317,74],{"class":66},[52,64319,200],{"class":188},[52,64321,20002],{"class":192},[52,64323,189],{"class":188},[52,64325,152],{"class":66},[52,64327,200],{"class":188},[52,64329,22354],{"class":192},[52,64331,189],{"class":188},[52,64333,80],{"class":66},[52,64335,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,64337,119],{"class":118},[52,64339,122],{"class":66},[52,64341,8213],{"class":3020},[52,64343,122],{"class":66},[52,64345,13741],{"class":92},[52,64347,89],{"class":66},[52,64349,7928],{"class":92},[52,64351,6410],{"class":66},[20,64353,2193],{},[43,64355,64357],{"className":45,"code":64356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64358,64359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64360,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64362,21851],{"class":66},[52,64364,3420],{"class":188},[52,64366,7786],{"class":192},[52,64368,3420],{"class":188},[52,64370,74],{"class":66},[52,64372,3415],{"class":188},[52,64374,8040],{"class":192},[52,64376,3420],{"class":188},[52,64378,399],{"class":66},[52,64380,388],{"class":66},[52,64382,3420],{"class":188},[52,64384,20002],{"class":192},[52,64386,3420],{"class":188},[52,64388,74],{"class":66},[52,64390,3415],{"class":188},[52,64392,22354],{"class":192},[52,64394,3420],{"class":188},[52,64396,9370],{"class":66},[20,64398,64399],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[38,64401,64403],{"id":64402},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64405,137,64406,10719],{},[15,64407,24891],{},[154,64409,64410,64418,64427],{},[157,64411,64412,64413,2996,64415],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64414,52761],{},[15,64416,64417],{},"sort()",[157,64419,64420,64421,2996,64423,64426],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64422,36306],{},[15,64424,64425],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[157,64428,64429],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64431,1104,64432,152],{},[15,64433,64425],{},[43,64435,64437],{"className":45,"code":64436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64438,64439,64463,64479,64483,64506],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64440,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64442,5112],{"class":58},[52,64444,63],{"class":62},[52,64446,3743],{"class":66},[52,64448,189],{"class":188},[52,64450,12997],{"class":192},[52,64452,189],{"class":188},[52,64454,74],{"class":66},[52,64456,200],{"class":188},[52,64458,36050],{"class":192},[52,64460,189],{"class":188},[52,64462,3756],{"class":66},[52,64464,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,64466,5181],{"class":58},[52,64468,63],{"class":62},[52,64470,3743],{"class":66},[52,64472,13617],{"class":70},[52,64474,74],{"class":66},[52,64476,13622],{"class":70},[52,64478,3756],{"class":66},[52,64480,64481],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,64482,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,64484,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,64486,9338],{"class":58},[52,64488,63],{"class":62},[52,64490,22669],{"class":3020},[52,64492,122],{"class":66},[52,64494,64495],{"class":118},"zip",[52,64497,122],{"class":66},[52,64499,5156],{"class":92},[52,64501,74],{"class":66},[52,64503,5228],{"class":92},[52,64505,2150],{"class":66},[52,64507,64508,64510,64512,64514],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,64509,119],{"class":118},[52,64511,122],{"class":66},[52,64513,9383],{"class":92},[52,64515,127],{"class":66},[20,64517,2193],{},[43,64519,64521],{"className":45,"code":64520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64522,64523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64524,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64526,21851],{"class":66},[52,64528,3420],{"class":188},[52,64530,12997],{"class":192},[52,64532,3420],{"class":188},[52,64534,74],{"class":66},[52,64536,20009],{"class":70},[52,64538,399],{"class":66},[52,64540,388],{"class":66},[52,64542,3420],{"class":188},[52,64544,36050],{"class":192},[52,64546,3420],{"class":188},[52,64548,74],{"class":66},[52,64550,13622],{"class":70},[52,64552,9370],{"class":66},[20,64554,64555,64556,64558,64559,89],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64557,52761],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[30,64560,53158],{"href":53157},[38,64562,4636],{"id":4635},[20,64564,56885,64565,89],{},[15,64566,24891],{},[1324,64568,64570],{"id":64569},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64572,4643],{},[43,64574,64576],{"className":45,"code":64575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64577,64578,64582],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64579,64580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64581,4653],{"class":133},[52,64583,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,64585,8213],{"class":3020},[52,64587,122],{"class":66},[52,64589,71],{"class":70},[52,64591,74],{"class":66},[52,64593,77],{"class":70},[52,64595,74],{"class":66},[52,64597,104],{"class":70},[52,64599,127],{"class":66},[20,64601,64602,64604],{},[15,64603,24891],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64606,18806],{},[43,64608,64610],{"className":45,"code":64609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64611,64612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64613,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64615,119],{"class":118},[52,64617,122],{"class":66},[52,64619,8213],{"class":3020},[52,64621,5629],{"class":66},[52,64623,71],{"class":70},[52,64625,74],{"class":66},[52,64627,77],{"class":70},[52,64629,74],{"class":66},[52,64631,104],{"class":70},[52,64633,3031],{"class":66},[1324,64635,64637,64638],{"id":64636},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[52,64639,64640],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64642,64643],{},"This is a common surprise:",[43,64645,64647],{"className":45,"code":64646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64648,64649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64650,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64652,119],{"class":118},[52,64654,122],{"class":66},[52,64656,8213],{"class":3020},[52,64658,122],{"class":66},[52,64660,189],{"class":188},[52,64662,3964],{"class":192},[52,64664,189],{"class":188},[52,64666,2150],{"class":66},[20,64668,2193],{},[43,64670,64672],{"className":45,"code":64671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64673,64674],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64675,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64677,4020],{"class":66},[52,64679,3420],{"class":188},[52,64681,60547],{"class":192},[52,64683,3420],{"class":188},[52,64685,74],{"class":66},[52,64687,3415],{"class":188},[52,64689,60556],{"class":192},[52,64691,3420],{"class":188},[52,64693,74],{"class":66},[52,64695,3415],{"class":188},[52,64697,60565],{"class":192},[52,64699,3420],{"class":188},[52,64701,74],{"class":66},[52,64703,3415],{"class":188},[52,64705,60565],{"class":192},[52,64707,3420],{"class":188},[52,64709,74],{"class":66},[52,64711,3415],{"class":188},[52,64713,60582],{"class":192},[52,64715,3420],{"class":188},[52,64717,3756],{"class":66},[20,64719,64720],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64722,64723],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[43,64725,64727],{"className":45,"code":64726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64728,64729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64730,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64732,119],{"class":118},[52,64734,96],{"class":66},[52,64736,189],{"class":188},[52,64738,3964],{"class":192},[52,64740,189],{"class":188},[52,64742,112],{"class":66},[1324,64744,64746],{"id":64745},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64748,64749],{},"This:",[43,64751,64753],{"className":45,"code":64752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64754,64755,64787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64756,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769,64771,64773,64775,64777,64779,64781,64783,64785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64758,9288],{"class":58},[52,64760,63],{"class":62},[52,64762,67],{"class":66},[52,64764,189],{"class":188},[52,64766,30],{"class":192},[52,64768,189],{"class":188},[52,64770,152],{"class":66},[52,64772,5616],{"class":70},[52,64774,74],{"class":66},[52,64776,200],{"class":188},[52,64778,1393],{"class":192},[52,64780,189],{"class":188},[52,64782,152],{"class":66},[52,64784,77],{"class":70},[52,64786,80],{"class":66},[52,64788,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,64790,119],{"class":118},[52,64792,122],{"class":66},[52,64794,8213],{"class":3020},[52,64796,122],{"class":66},[52,64798,9327],{"class":92},[52,64800,2150],{"class":66},[20,64802,64803],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64805,137,64806,64809],{},[15,64807,64808],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1324,64811,64813],{"id":64812},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64815,64816,64818],{},[15,64817,24891],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64820,64821],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[38,64823,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,64825,1959,64827,64829],{"id":64826},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[52,64828],{}," and list()?",[20,64831,64832,64833,64835,64836,64838],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64834,3906],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64837,24891],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1324,64840,64842],{"id":64841},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64844,908,64845,64847],{},[15,64846,24891],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1324,64849,64851],{"id":64850},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64853,64854],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1324,64856,64858],{"id":64857},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64860,64861],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1324,64863,64865],{"id":64864},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64867,64868,64869,64871],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64870,24891],{}," cannot loop through it.",[38,64873,1996],{"id":1995},[154,64875,64876,64880,64885,64889,64893,64897,64901,64906],{},[157,64877,64878],{},[30,64879,52880],{"href":51088},[157,64881,64882],{},[30,64883,64884],{"href":36303},"Python range() function explained",[157,64886,64887],{},[30,64888,63323],{"href":63322},[157,64890,64891],{},[30,64892,63655],{"href":63654},[157,64894,64895],{},[30,64896,5334],{"href":5705},[157,64898,64899],{},[30,64900,13906],{"href":13905},[157,64902,64903],{},[30,64904,64905],{"href":1780},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[157,64907,64908],{},[30,64909,54387],{"href":53157},[2044,64911,64912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":64914},[64915,64916,64917,64918,64919,64926,64927,64928,64933,64934,64941,64949],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":63025,"depth":83,"text":63026},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":59728,"depth":83,"text":59729},{"id":63253,"depth":83,"text":63254,"children":64920},[64921,64922,64923,64924,64925],{"id":63257,"depth":115,"text":63258},{"id":63326,"depth":115,"text":63327},{"id":63404,"depth":115,"text":63405},{"id":63479,"depth":115,"text":63480},{"id":63546,"depth":115,"text":63547},{"id":63658,"depth":83,"text":63659},{"id":63794,"depth":83,"text":63795},{"id":64094,"depth":83,"text":64095,"children":64929},[64930,64931,64932],{"id":64103,"depth":115,"text":64104},{"id":64193,"depth":115,"text":64194},{"id":64287,"depth":115,"text":64288},{"id":64402,"depth":83,"text":64403},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":64935},[64936,64937,64939,64940],{"id":64569,"depth":115,"text":64570},{"id":64636,"depth":115,"text":64938},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64745,"depth":115,"text":64746},{"id":64812,"depth":115,"text":64813},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":64942},[64943,64945,64946,64947,64948],{"id":64826,"depth":115,"text":64944},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64841,"depth":115,"text":64842},{"id":64850,"depth":115,"text":64851},{"id":64857,"depth":115,"text":64858},{"id":64864,"depth":115,"text":64865},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62859,"description":64950},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64957,"title":64958,"body":64959,"description":66310,"extension":2083,"meta":66311,"navigation":240,"path":66312,"seo":66313,"stem":66314,"__hash__":66315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64960,"toc":66284},[64961,64966,64972,64981,64983,65056,65065,65070,65074,65090,65094,65096,65098,65117,65120,65148,65151,65176,65184,65186,65191,65198,65200,65257,65259,65267,65273,65277,65280,65353,65355,65363,65366,65389,65396,65402,65406,65412,65483,65485,65493,65502,65509,65516,65524,65668,65670,65687,65690,65729,65732,65736,65741,65743,65802,65808,65811,65918,65920,65935,65938,65945,65947,65951,66099,66102,66163,66166,66169,66190,66195,66199,66210,66213,66215,66220,66223,66231,66236,66242,66245,66251,66259,66261,66281],[10,64962,54451,64964,18],{"id":64963},"python-list-index-method",[15,64965,59076],{},[20,64967,64968,64971],{},[15,64969,64970],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64973,64974,64975,64978,64979,89],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[984,64976,64977],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64980,40811],{},[38,64982,41],{"id":40},[43,64984,64986],{"className":45,"code":64985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64987,64988,65020,65043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64989,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64991,7897],{"class":58},[52,64993,63],{"class":62},[52,64995,3743],{"class":66},[52,64997,189],{"class":188},[52,64999,1125],{"class":192},[52,65001,189],{"class":188},[52,65003,74],{"class":66},[52,65005,200],{"class":188},[52,65007,1145],{"class":192},[52,65009,189],{"class":188},[52,65011,74],{"class":66},[52,65013,200],{"class":188},[52,65015,4215],{"class":192},[52,65017,189],{"class":188},[52,65019,3756],{"class":66},[52,65021,65022,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65023,65024],{"class":58},"position ",[52,65026,63],{"class":62},[52,65028,6085],{"class":58},[52,65030,89],{"class":66},[52,65032,35955],{"class":92},[52,65034,122],{"class":66},[52,65036,189],{"class":188},[52,65038,1145],{"class":192},[52,65040,189],{"class":188},[52,65042,127],{"class":66},[52,65044,65045,65047,65049,65052,65054],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65046,119],{"class":118},[52,65048,122],{"class":66},[52,65050,65051],{"class":92},"position",[52,65053,3782],{"class":66},[52,65055,27890],{"class":133},[20,65057,137,65058,65061,65062,65064],{},[15,65059,65060],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65063,40811],{}," if the item is not found.",[38,65066,144,65068,147],{"id":65067},"what-listindex-does",[15,65069,64970],{},[20,65071,65072,152],{},[15,65073,64970],{},[154,65075,65076,65079,65082,65087],{},[157,65077,65078],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[157,65080,65081],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[157,65083,65084,65085],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65086,2243],{},[157,65088,65089],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65091,54676,65092,89],{},[30,65093,52880],{"href":54679},[38,65095,268],{"id":267},[20,65097,30834],{},[43,65099,65101],{"className":45,"code":65100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65102,65103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65104,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65106,8459],{"class":58},[52,65108,89],{"class":66},[52,65110,35955],{"class":92},[52,65112,122],{"class":66},[52,65114,2593],{"class":92},[52,65116,127],{"class":66},[20,65118,65119],{},"You can also limit the search:",[43,65121,65123],{"className":45,"code":65122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65124,65125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65126,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65128,8459],{"class":58},[52,65130,89],{"class":66},[52,65132,35955],{"class":92},[52,65134,122],{"class":66},[52,65136,2593],{"class":92},[52,65138,74],{"class":66},[52,65140,36161],{"class":92},[52,65142,74],{"class":66},[52,65144,65145],{"class":92}," end",[52,65147,127],{"class":66},[20,65149,65150],{},"Here is what each part means:",[154,65152,65153,65158,65163,65168],{},[157,65154,65155,65157],{},[15,65156,2593],{},": the item to search for",[157,65159,65160,65162],{},[15,65161,36182],{},": where the search begins",[157,65164,65165,65167],{},[15,65166,52769],{},": where the search stops",[157,65169,65170,4900,65172,65175],{},[15,65171,52769],{},[984,65173,65174],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65177,65178,65179,65181,65182,89],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65180,36182],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65183,52769],{},[38,65185,38127],{"id":38126},[20,65187,65188,65190],{},[15,65189,64970],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65192,65193,65194,65197],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[984,65195,65196],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65199,347],{},[43,65201,65203],{"className":45,"code":65202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65204,65205,65225,65243,65247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65206,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65208,59],{"class":58},[52,65210,63],{"class":62},[52,65212,3743],{"class":66},[52,65214,2452],{"class":70},[52,65216,74],{"class":66},[52,65218,7908],{"class":70},[52,65220,74],{"class":66},[52,65222,7913],{"class":70},[52,65224,3756],{"class":66},[52,65226,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239,65241],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65228,474],{"class":58},[52,65230,63],{"class":62},[52,65232,479],{"class":58},[52,65234,89],{"class":66},[52,65236,35955],{"class":92},[52,65238,122],{"class":66},[52,65240,15867],{"class":70},[52,65242,127],{"class":66},[52,65244,65245],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65246,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,65248,65249,65251,65253,65255],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,65250,119],{"class":118},[52,65252,122],{"class":66},[52,65254,507],{"class":92},[52,65256,127],{"class":66},[20,65258,2193],{},[43,65260,65261],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65262,65263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65264,65265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65266,47024],{"class":70},[20,65268,65269,65270,65272],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65271,59076],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[38,65274,65276],{"id":65275},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65278,65279],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[43,65281,65283],{"className":45,"code":65282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65284,65285,65317,65339,65343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65286,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65288,1116],{"class":58},[52,65290,63],{"class":62},[52,65292,3743],{"class":66},[52,65294,189],{"class":188},[52,65296,1125],{"class":192},[52,65298,189],{"class":188},[52,65300,74],{"class":66},[52,65302,200],{"class":188},[52,65304,1145],{"class":192},[52,65306,189],{"class":188},[52,65308,74],{"class":66},[52,65310,200],{"class":188},[52,65312,4215],{"class":192},[52,65314,189],{"class":188},[52,65316,3756],{"class":66},[52,65318,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65320,65024],{"class":58},[52,65322,63],{"class":62},[52,65324,52960],{"class":58},[52,65326,89],{"class":66},[52,65328,35955],{"class":92},[52,65330,122],{"class":66},[52,65332,189],{"class":188},[52,65334,4215],{"class":192},[52,65336,189],{"class":188},[52,65338,127],{"class":66},[52,65340,65341],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65342,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,65344,65345,65347,65349,65351],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,65346,119],{"class":118},[52,65348,122],{"class":66},[52,65350,65051],{"class":92},[52,65352,127],{"class":66},[20,65354,2193],{},[43,65356,65357],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65358,65359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65360,65361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65362,17170],{"class":70},[20,65364,65365],{},"In this list:",[154,65367,65368,65375,65382],{},[157,65369,65370,65372,65373],{},[15,65371,57942],{}," is at index ",[15,65374,2243],{},[157,65376,65377,65372,65380],{},[15,65378,65379],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65381,71],{},[157,65383,65384,65372,65387],{},[15,65385,65386],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65388,99],{},[20,65390,53762,65391,442,65394,89],{},[15,65392,65393],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65395,99],{},[20,65397,51652,65398,89],{},[30,65399,65401],{"href":65400},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[38,65403,65405],{"id":65404},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65407,65408,65409,65411],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65410,59076],{}," returns the first match only.",[43,65413,65415],{"className":45,"code":65414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65416,65417,65457,65461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65418,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65420,181],{"class":58},[52,65422,63],{"class":62},[52,65424,3743],{"class":66},[52,65426,189],{"class":188},[52,65428,193],{"class":192},[52,65430,189],{"class":188},[52,65432,74],{"class":66},[52,65434,200],{"class":188},[52,65436,203],{"class":192},[52,65438,189],{"class":188},[52,65440,74],{"class":66},[52,65442,200],{"class":188},[52,65444,193],{"class":192},[52,65446,189],{"class":188},[52,65448,74],{"class":66},[52,65450,200],{"class":188},[52,65452,231],{"class":192},[52,65454,189],{"class":188},[52,65456,3756],{"class":66},[52,65458,65459],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65460,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,65462,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65464,119],{"class":118},[52,65466,122],{"class":66},[52,65468,212],{"class":92},[52,65470,89],{"class":66},[52,65472,35955],{"class":92},[52,65474,122],{"class":66},[52,65476,189],{"class":188},[52,65478,193],{"class":192},[52,65480,189],{"class":188},[52,65482,2150],{"class":66},[20,65484,2193],{},[43,65486,65487],{"className":45,"code":47359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65488,65489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65490,65491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65492,47359],{"class":70},[20,65494,260,65495,65498,65499,65501],{},[15,65496,65497],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65500,2243],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65503,65504,65505,89],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[30,65506,55629,65507,10859],{"href":59135},[15,65508,57399],{},[38,65510,8538,65512,668,65514],{"id":65511},"using-start-and-end",[15,65513,36182],{},[15,65515,52769],{},[20,65517,65518,65519,668,65521,65523],{},"The optional ",[15,65520,36182],{},[15,65522,52769],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[43,65525,65527],{"className":45,"code":65526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65528,65529,65577,65581,65606,65635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65530,65531,65533,65535,65537,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65532,921],{"class":58},[52,65534,63],{"class":62},[52,65536,3743],{"class":66},[52,65538,189],{"class":188},[52,65540,30],{"class":192},[52,65542,189],{"class":188},[52,65544,74],{"class":66},[52,65546,200],{"class":188},[52,65548,1393],{"class":192},[52,65550,189],{"class":188},[52,65552,74],{"class":66},[52,65554,200],{"class":188},[52,65556,1491],{"class":192},[52,65558,189],{"class":188},[52,65560,74],{"class":66},[52,65562,200],{"class":188},[52,65564,1393],{"class":192},[52,65566,189],{"class":188},[52,65568,74],{"class":66},[52,65570,200],{"class":188},[52,65572,18879],{"class":192},[52,65574,189],{"class":188},[52,65576,3756],{"class":66},[52,65578,65579],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65580,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,65582,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65584,119],{"class":118},[52,65586,122],{"class":66},[52,65588,939],{"class":92},[52,65590,89],{"class":66},[52,65592,35955],{"class":92},[52,65594,122],{"class":66},[52,65596,189],{"class":188},[52,65598,1393],{"class":192},[52,65600,189],{"class":188},[52,65602,5479],{"class":66},[52,65604,65605],{"class":133},"        # first match\n",[52,65607,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,65609,119],{"class":118},[52,65611,122],{"class":66},[52,65613,939],{"class":92},[52,65615,89],{"class":66},[52,65617,35955],{"class":92},[52,65619,122],{"class":66},[52,65621,189],{"class":188},[52,65623,1393],{"class":192},[52,65625,189],{"class":188},[52,65627,74],{"class":66},[52,65629,77],{"class":70},[52,65631,5479],{"class":66},[52,65633,65634],{"class":133},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[52,65636,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,65638,119],{"class":118},[52,65640,122],{"class":66},[52,65642,939],{"class":92},[52,65644,89],{"class":66},[52,65646,35955],{"class":92},[52,65648,122],{"class":66},[52,65650,189],{"class":188},[52,65652,1393],{"class":192},[52,65654,189],{"class":188},[52,65656,74],{"class":66},[52,65658,5616],{"class":70},[52,65660,74],{"class":66},[52,65662,109],{"class":70},[52,65664,5479],{"class":66},[52,65666,65667],{"class":133},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65669,2193],{},[43,65671,65673],{"className":45,"code":65672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65674,65675,65679,65683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65676,65677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65678,47024],{"class":70},[52,65680,65681],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65682,46724],{"class":70},[52,65684,65685],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65686,47024],{"class":70},[20,65688,65689],{},"How this works:",[154,65691,65692,65704,65717],{},[157,65693,65694,65697,65698,65701,65702],{},[15,65695,65696],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65699,65700],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65703,71],{},[157,65705,65706,65709,65710,65712,65713,65701,65715],{},[15,65707,65708],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65711,99],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65714,65700],{},[15,65716,488],{},[157,65718,65719,65722,65723,2311,65725,17186,65727],{},[15,65720,65721],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65724,71],{},[15,65726,99],{},[15,65728,488],{},[20,65730,65731],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[38,65733,65735],{"id":65734},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65737,65738,65739,89],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65740,40811],{},[20,65742,347],{},[43,65744,65746],{"className":45,"code":65745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65747,65748,65780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65751,7897],{"class":58},[52,65753,63],{"class":62},[52,65755,3743],{"class":66},[52,65757,189],{"class":188},[52,65759,1125],{"class":192},[52,65761,189],{"class":188},[52,65763,74],{"class":66},[52,65765,200],{"class":188},[52,65767,1145],{"class":192},[52,65769,189],{"class":188},[52,65771,74],{"class":66},[52,65773,200],{"class":188},[52,65775,4215],{"class":192},[52,65777,189],{"class":188},[52,65779,3756],{"class":66},[52,65781,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65783,119],{"class":118},[52,65785,122],{"class":66},[52,65787,7928],{"class":92},[52,65789,89],{"class":66},[52,65791,35955],{"class":92},[52,65793,122],{"class":66},[52,65795,189],{"class":188},[52,65797,1216],{"class":192},[52,65799,189],{"class":188},[52,65801,2150],{"class":66},[20,65803,39760,65804,65807],{},[15,65805,65806],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65809,65810],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[43,65812,65814],{"className":45,"code":65813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65815,65816,65848,65861,65865,65878,65897,65903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65817,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65819,7897],{"class":58},[52,65821,63],{"class":62},[52,65823,3743],{"class":66},[52,65825,189],{"class":188},[52,65827,1125],{"class":192},[52,65829,189],{"class":188},[52,65831,74],{"class":66},[52,65833,200],{"class":188},[52,65835,1145],{"class":192},[52,65837,189],{"class":188},[52,65839,74],{"class":66},[52,65841,200],{"class":188},[52,65843,4215],{"class":192},[52,65845,189],{"class":188},[52,65847,3756],{"class":66},[52,65849,65850,65853,65855,65857,65859],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,65851,65852],{"class":58},"search_value ",[52,65854,63],{"class":62},[52,65856,200],{"class":188},[52,65858,1216],{"class":192},[52,65860,3479],{"class":188},[52,65862,65863],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65864,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,65866,65867,65869,65872,65874,65876],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,65868,7115],{"class":3996},[52,65870,65871],{"class":58}," search_value ",[52,65873,4003],{"class":62},[52,65875,6085],{"class":58},[52,65877,6514],{"class":66},[52,65879,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892,65895],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,65881,8188],{"class":118},[52,65883,122],{"class":66},[52,65885,7928],{"class":92},[52,65887,89],{"class":66},[52,65889,35955],{"class":92},[52,65891,122],{"class":66},[52,65893,65894],{"class":92},"search_value",[52,65896,2150],{"class":66},[52,65898,65899,65901],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,65900,27544],{"class":3996},[52,65902,6514],{"class":66},[52,65904,65905,65907,65909,65911,65914,65916],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,65906,8188],{"class":118},[52,65908,122],{"class":66},[52,65910,189],{"class":188},[52,65912,65913],{"class":192},"Item not found",[52,65915,189],{"class":188},[52,65917,127],{"class":66},[20,65919,2193],{},[43,65921,65923],{"className":45,"code":65922,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Item not found\n",[15,65924,65925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65926,65927,65930,65932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65928,65929],{"class":58},"Item ",[52,65931,986],{"class":62},[52,65933,65934],{"class":58}," found\n",[20,65936,65937],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65939,65940,65941,89],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[30,65942,65944],{"href":65943},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[38,65946,4636],{"id":4635},[20,65948,21322,65949,152],{},[15,65950,64970],{},[154,65952,65953,65971,65983,66043],{},[157,65954,25884,65955,442,65957,65960,65961,65963,65964,5279,65966,65968,65969,89],{},[15,65956,59076],{},[15,65958,65959],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9965,65962],{},"\nPython does ",[984,65965,986],{},[15,65967,65959],{},". It raises ",[15,65970,40811],{},[157,65972,65973,65974,65976,65979,65980,65982],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9965,65975],{},[15,65977,65978],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65981,65379],{},", not the value itself.",[157,65984,8538,65985,1990,65988,65990,65992,65993,16769,65995,66018,16757,66020],{},[15,65986,65987],{},"index[]",[15,65989,59076],{},[9965,65991],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9965,65994],{},[43,65996,65998],{"className":45,"code":65997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65999,66000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66001,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66003,7928],{"class":58},[52,66005,89],{"class":66},[52,66007,35955],{"class":92},[52,66009,122],{"class":66},[52,66011,189],{"class":188},[52,66013,1145],{"class":192},[52,66015,189],{"class":188},[52,66017,127],{"class":66},[9965,66019],{},[43,66021,66023],{"className":45,"code":66022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66024,66025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66026,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66028,7928],{"class":58},[52,66030,89],{"class":66},[52,66032,35955],{"class":24860},[52,66034,4020],{"class":66},[52,66036,189],{"class":188},[52,66038,1145],{"class":192},[52,66040,189],{"class":188},[52,66042,3756],{"class":66},[157,66044,66045,66046,66048,668,66051,66053,66054],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9965,66047],{},[15,66049,66050],{},"\"3\"",[15,66052,488],{}," are different values in Python.",[43,66055,66057],{"className":45,"code":66056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66058,66059,66079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66060,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071,66073,66075,66077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66062,59],{"class":58},[52,66064,63],{"class":62},[52,66066,3743],{"class":66},[52,66068,71],{"class":70},[52,66070,74],{"class":66},[52,66072,77],{"class":70},[52,66074,74],{"class":66},[52,66076,104],{"class":70},[52,66078,3756],{"class":66},[52,66080,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66082,119],{"class":118},[52,66084,122],{"class":66},[52,66086,189],{"class":188},[52,66088,488],{"class":192},[52,66090,189],{"class":188},[52,66092,21284],{"class":3996},[52,66094,479],{"class":92},[52,66096,3782],{"class":66},[52,66098,4888],{"class":133},[20,66100,66101],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,66103,66105],{"className":45,"code":66104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66106,66107,66117,66131,66145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66108,66109,66111,66113,66115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66110,119],{"class":118},[52,66112,122],{"class":66},[52,66114,8459],{"class":92},[52,66116,127],{"class":66},[52,66118,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66120,119],{"class":118},[52,66122,122],{"class":66},[52,66124,3340],{"class":3020},[52,66126,122],{"class":66},[52,66128,65894],{"class":92},[52,66130,2150],{"class":66},[52,66132,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66134,119],{"class":118},[52,66136,122],{"class":66},[52,66138,65852],{"class":92},[52,66140,4003],{"class":3996},[52,66142,8516],{"class":92},[52,66144,127],{"class":66},[52,66146,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,66148,119],{"class":118},[52,66150,122],{"class":66},[52,66152,8459],{"class":92},[52,66154,89],{"class":66},[52,66156,35955],{"class":92},[52,66158,122],{"class":66},[52,66160,65894],{"class":92},[52,66162,2150],{"class":66},[20,66164,66165],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66167,66168],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[154,66170,66171,66174,66181,66187],{},[157,66172,66173],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[157,66175,66176,66177,1990,66179],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66178,66050],{},[15,66180,488],{},[157,66182,66183,66184,66186],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66185,59076],{}," returns only the first one",[157,66188,66189],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[38,66191,5078,66193],{"id":66192},"when-to-use-index",[15,66194,59076],{},[20,66196,137,66197,10719],{},[15,66198,59076],{},[154,66200,66201,66204,66207],{},[157,66202,66203],{},"You need the position of a known value",[157,66205,66206],{},"You are working with a small list",[157,66208,66209],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66211,66212],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[38,66214,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,66216,5260,66218,5263],{"id":66217},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66219,64970],{},[20,66221,66222],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1324,66224,1937,66226,5279,66228,66230],{"id":66225},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66227,64970],{},[15,66229,65959],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66232,66233,66234,1311],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66235,40811],{},[1324,66237,5288,66239,66241],{"id":66238},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66240,64970],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66243,66244],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1324,66246,66248,66249,1964],{"id":66247},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66250,59076],{},[20,66252,66253,66254,668,66256,66258],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66255,36182],{},[15,66257,52769],{}," arguments.",[38,66260,1996],{"id":1995},[154,66262,66263,66267,66271,66275],{},[157,66264,66265],{},[30,66266,59064],{"href":65400},[157,66268,66269],{},[30,66270,52880],{"href":54679},[157,66272,66273],{},[30,66274,65944],{"href":65943},[157,66276,66277],{},[30,66278,55629,66279,10859],{"href":59135},[15,66280,57399],{},[2044,66282,66283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":66285},[66286,66287,66289,66290,66291,66292,66293,66295,66296,66297,66299,66309],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":65067,"depth":83,"text":66288},"What list.index() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":38126,"depth":83,"text":38127},{"id":65275,"depth":83,"text":65276},{"id":65404,"depth":83,"text":65405},{"id":65511,"depth":83,"text":66294},"Using start and end",{"id":65734,"depth":83,"text":65735},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636},{"id":66192,"depth":83,"text":66298},"When to use index()",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":66300},[66301,66303,66305,66307],{"id":66217,"depth":115,"text":66302},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66225,"depth":115,"text":66304},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66238,"depth":115,"text":66306},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66247,"depth":115,"text":66308},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64958,"description":66310},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66317,"title":66318,"body":66319,"description":68260,"extension":2083,"meta":68261,"navigation":240,"path":68262,"seo":68263,"stem":68264,"__hash__":68265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66320,"toc":68220},[66321,66326,66331,66334,66343,66400,66406,66411,66415,66429,66435,66437,66460,66477,66479,66540,66542,66574,66586,66588,66591,66691,66693,66771,66777,66781,66789,66793,66799,66854,66856,66880,66884,66887,66940,66942,66966,66970,66973,67026,67028,67052,67056,67062,67133,67135,67176,67182,67189,67192,67197,67205,67210,67218,67220,67317,67319,67388,67395,67400,67402,67406,67411,67413,67484,67486,67515,67521,67523,67550,67553,67576,67580,67583,67605,67608,67631,67633,67693,67695,67727,67733,67738,67791,67793,67818,67821,67870,67872,67893,67897,67902,67905,67960,67962,67989,67996,68000,68005,68076,68079,68093,68098,68103,68105,68119,68131,68136,68138,68143,68148,68152,68155,68161,68167,68174,68182,68184,68217],[10,66322,54451,66324,18],{"id":66323},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66325,54377],{},[20,66327,66328,66330],{},[15,66329,54020],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66332,66333],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66335,137,66336,66338,66339,89],{},[15,66337,54377],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[30,66340,55629,66341,10859],{"href":56878},[15,66342,52761],{},[43,66344,66346],{"className":45,"code":66345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66347,66348,66368,66386,66396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66349,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66351,59],{"class":58},[52,66353,63],{"class":62},[52,66355,3743],{"class":66},[52,66357,71],{"class":70},[52,66359,74],{"class":66},[52,66361,77],{"class":70},[52,66363,74],{"class":66},[52,66365,109],{"class":70},[52,66367,3756],{"class":66},[52,66369,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66371,86],{"class":58},[52,66373,89],{"class":66},[52,66375,54060],{"class":92},[52,66377,122],{"class":66},[52,66379,99],{"class":70},[52,66381,74],{"class":66},[52,66383,104],{"class":70},[52,66385,127],{"class":66},[52,66387,66388,66390,66392,66394],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66389,119],{"class":118},[52,66391,122],{"class":66},[52,66393,86],{"class":92},[52,66395,127],{"class":66},[52,66397,66398],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,66399,52832],{"class":133},[20,66401,137,66402,66405],{},[15,66403,66404],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[38,66407,144,66409,147],{"id":66408},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66410,54020],{},[20,66412,66413,152],{},[15,66414,54020],{},[154,66416,66417,66420,66423,66425],{},[157,66418,66419],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[157,66421,66422],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[157,66424,54537],{},[157,66426,1335,66427],{},[15,66428,445],{},[20,66430,66431,66432,66434],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66433,54377],{}," does not create a new list.",[38,66436,5549],{"id":5548},[43,66438,66440],{"className":45,"code":66439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66441,66442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66443,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66445,8459],{"class":58},[52,66447,89],{"class":66},[52,66449,54060],{"class":92},[52,66451,122],{"class":66},[52,66453,35955],{"class":92},[52,66455,74],{"class":66},[52,66457,29617],{"class":92},[52,66459,127],{"class":66},[154,66461,66462,66467,66472],{},[157,66463,66464,66466],{},[15,66465,35955],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[157,66468,66469,66471],{},[15,66470,23420],{}," is the value to add",[157,66473,66474,66475],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66476,2243],{},[20,66478,347],{},[43,66480,66482],{"className":45,"code":66481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66483,66484,66508,66530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66485,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66487,921],{"class":58},[52,66489,63],{"class":62},[52,66491,3743],{"class":66},[52,66493,189],{"class":188},[52,66495,30],{"class":192},[52,66497,189],{"class":188},[52,66499,74],{"class":66},[52,66501,200],{"class":188},[52,66503,1491],{"class":192},[52,66505,189],{"class":188},[52,66507,3756],{"class":66},[52,66509,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66511,939],{"class":58},[52,66513,89],{"class":66},[52,66515,54060],{"class":92},[52,66517,122],{"class":66},[52,66519,71],{"class":70},[52,66521,74],{"class":66},[52,66523,200],{"class":188},[52,66525,1393],{"class":192},[52,66527,189],{"class":188},[52,66529,127],{"class":66},[52,66531,66532,66534,66536,66538],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66533,119],{"class":118},[52,66535,122],{"class":66},[52,66537,939],{"class":92},[52,66539,127],{"class":66},[20,66541,2193],{},[43,66543,66544],{"className":45,"code":42984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66545,66546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66547,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66549,4020],{"class":66},[52,66551,3420],{"class":188},[52,66553,30],{"class":192},[52,66555,3420],{"class":188},[52,66557,74],{"class":66},[52,66559,3415],{"class":188},[52,66561,1393],{"class":192},[52,66563,3420],{"class":188},[52,66565,74],{"class":66},[52,66567,3415],{"class":188},[52,66569,1491],{"class":192},[52,66571,3420],{"class":188},[52,66573,3756],{"class":66},[20,66575,20882,66576,66578,66579,66581,66582,668,66584,89],{},[15,66577,65700],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66580,71],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66583,1003],{},[15,66585,998],{},[38,66587,5906],{"id":5905},[20,66589,66590],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[43,66592,66594],{"className":45,"code":66593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66595,66596,66628,66646,66650,66672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66597,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66599,181],{"class":58},[52,66601,63],{"class":62},[52,66603,3743],{"class":66},[52,66605,189],{"class":188},[52,66607,193],{"class":192},[52,66609,189],{"class":188},[52,66611,74],{"class":66},[52,66613,200],{"class":188},[52,66615,203],{"class":192},[52,66617,189],{"class":188},[52,66619,74],{"class":66},[52,66621,200],{"class":188},[52,66623,231],{"class":192},[52,66625,189],{"class":188},[52,66627,3756],{"class":66},[52,66629,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66631,119],{"class":118},[52,66633,122],{"class":66},[52,66635,189],{"class":188},[52,66637,11681],{"class":192},[52,66639,189],{"class":188},[52,66641,74],{"class":66},[52,66643,13238],{"class":92},[52,66645,127],{"class":66},[52,66647,66648],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66649,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,66651,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,66653,212],{"class":58},[52,66655,89],{"class":66},[52,66657,54060],{"class":92},[52,66659,122],{"class":66},[52,66661,71],{"class":70},[52,66663,74],{"class":66},[52,66665,200],{"class":188},[52,66667,22633],{"class":192},[52,66669,189],{"class":188},[52,66671,127],{"class":66},[52,66673,66674,66676,66678,66680,66683,66685,66687,66689],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,66675,119],{"class":118},[52,66677,122],{"class":66},[52,66679,189],{"class":188},[52,66681,66682],{"class":192},"After: ",[52,66684,189],{"class":188},[52,66686,74],{"class":66},[52,66688,13238],{"class":92},[52,66690,127],{"class":66},[20,66692,2193],{},[43,66694,66696],{"className":45,"code":66695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66697,66698,66730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66699,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66701,11741],{"class":58},[52,66703,152],{"class":66},[52,66705,3743],{"class":66},[52,66707,3420],{"class":188},[52,66709,193],{"class":192},[52,66711,3420],{"class":188},[52,66713,74],{"class":66},[52,66715,3415],{"class":188},[52,66717,203],{"class":192},[52,66719,3420],{"class":188},[52,66721,74],{"class":66},[52,66723,3415],{"class":188},[52,66725,231],{"class":192},[52,66727,3420],{"class":188},[52,66729,3756],{"class":66},[52,66731,66732,66734,66736,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765,66767,66769],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66733,11794],{"class":58},[52,66735,152],{"class":66},[52,66737,66738],{"class":66},"  [",[52,66740,3420],{"class":188},[52,66742,193],{"class":192},[52,66744,3420],{"class":188},[52,66746,74],{"class":66},[52,66748,3415],{"class":188},[52,66750,22633],{"class":192},[52,66752,3420],{"class":188},[52,66754,74],{"class":66},[52,66756,3415],{"class":188},[52,66758,203],{"class":192},[52,66760,3420],{"class":188},[52,66762,74],{"class":66},[52,66764,3415],{"class":188},[52,66766,231],{"class":192},[52,66768,3420],{"class":188},[52,66770,3756],{"class":66},[20,66772,66773,66774,66776],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66775,71],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[38,66778,66780],{"id":66779},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66782,2100,66783,35438,66785,66788],{},[15,66784,35955],{},[15,66786,66787],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1324,66790,66792],{"id":66791},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66794,66795,66796,66798],{},"Use index ",[15,66797,2243],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[43,66800,66802],{"className":45,"code":66801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66803,66804,66825,66844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66805,66806,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66807,66808],{"class":58},"nums ",[52,66810,63],{"class":62},[52,66812,3743],{"class":66},[52,66814,99],{"class":70},[52,66816,74],{"class":66},[52,66818,104],{"class":70},[52,66820,74],{"class":66},[52,66822,109],{"class":70},[52,66824,3756],{"class":66},[52,66826,66827,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66828,66829],{"class":58},"nums",[52,66831,89],{"class":66},[52,66833,54060],{"class":92},[52,66835,122],{"class":66},[52,66837,2243],{"class":70},[52,66839,74],{"class":66},[52,66841,5616],{"class":70},[52,66843,127],{"class":66},[52,66845,66846,66848,66850,66852],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66847,119],{"class":118},[52,66849,122],{"class":66},[52,66851,66829],{"class":92},[52,66853,127],{"class":66},[20,66855,2193],{},[43,66857,66858],{"className":45,"code":53614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66859,66860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66861,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66863,4020],{"class":66},[52,66865,71],{"class":70},[52,66867,74],{"class":66},[52,66869,77],{"class":70},[52,66871,74],{"class":66},[52,66873,104],{"class":70},[52,66875,74],{"class":66},[52,66877,109],{"class":70},[52,66879,3756],{"class":66},[1324,66881,66883],{"id":66882},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66885,66886],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[43,66888,66890],{"className":45,"code":66889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66891,66892,66912,66930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66893,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66895,66808],{"class":58},[52,66897,63],{"class":62},[52,66899,3743],{"class":66},[52,66901,71],{"class":70},[52,66903,74],{"class":66},[52,66905,77],{"class":70},[52,66907,74],{"class":66},[52,66909,109],{"class":70},[52,66911,3756],{"class":66},[52,66913,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,66915,66829],{"class":58},[52,66917,89],{"class":66},[52,66919,54060],{"class":92},[52,66921,122],{"class":66},[52,66923,99],{"class":70},[52,66925,74],{"class":66},[52,66927,104],{"class":70},[52,66929,127],{"class":66},[52,66931,66932,66934,66936,66938],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66933,119],{"class":118},[52,66935,122],{"class":66},[52,66937,66829],{"class":92},[52,66939,127],{"class":66},[20,66941,2193],{},[43,66943,66944],{"className":45,"code":53614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66945,66946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66947,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66949,4020],{"class":66},[52,66951,71],{"class":70},[52,66953,74],{"class":66},[52,66955,77],{"class":70},[52,66957,74],{"class":66},[52,66959,104],{"class":70},[52,66961,74],{"class":66},[52,66963,109],{"class":70},[52,66965,3756],{"class":66},[1324,66967,66969],{"id":66968},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66971,66972],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[43,66974,66976],{"className":45,"code":66975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66977,66978,66998,67016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66979,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66981,66808],{"class":58},[52,66983,63],{"class":62},[52,66985,3743],{"class":66},[52,66987,71],{"class":70},[52,66989,74],{"class":66},[52,66991,77],{"class":70},[52,66993,74],{"class":66},[52,66995,104],{"class":70},[52,66997,3756],{"class":66},[52,66999,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67001,66829],{"class":58},[52,67003,89],{"class":66},[52,67005,54060],{"class":92},[52,67007,122],{"class":66},[52,67009,2452],{"class":70},[52,67011,74],{"class":66},[52,67013,109],{"class":70},[52,67015,127],{"class":66},[52,67017,67018,67020,67022,67024],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67019,119],{"class":118},[52,67021,122],{"class":66},[52,67023,66829],{"class":92},[52,67025,127],{"class":66},[20,67027,2193],{},[43,67029,67030],{"className":45,"code":53614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67031,67032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67033,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67035,4020],{"class":66},[52,67037,71],{"class":70},[52,67039,74],{"class":66},[52,67041,77],{"class":70},[52,67043,74],{"class":66},[52,67045,104],{"class":70},[52,67047,74],{"class":66},[52,67049,109],{"class":70},[52,67051,3756],{"class":66},[1324,67053,67055],{"id":67054},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67057,67058,67059,67061],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67060,54377],{}," places the item before that position.",[43,67063,67065],{"className":45,"code":67064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67066,67067,67099,67123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67068,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67070,921],{"class":58},[52,67072,63],{"class":62},[52,67074,3743],{"class":66},[52,67076,189],{"class":188},[52,67078,30],{"class":192},[52,67080,189],{"class":188},[52,67082,74],{"class":66},[52,67084,200],{"class":188},[52,67086,1393],{"class":192},[52,67088,189],{"class":188},[52,67090,74],{"class":66},[52,67092,200],{"class":188},[52,67094,18879],{"class":192},[52,67096,189],{"class":188},[52,67098,3756],{"class":66},[52,67100,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67102,939],{"class":58},[52,67104,89],{"class":66},[52,67106,54060],{"class":92},[52,67108,122],{"class":66},[52,67110,2144],{"class":62},[52,67112,71],{"class":70},[52,67114,74],{"class":66},[52,67116,200],{"class":188},[52,67118,1491],{"class":192},[52,67120,189],{"class":188},[52,67122,127],{"class":66},[52,67124,67125,67127,67129,67131],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67126,119],{"class":118},[52,67128,122],{"class":66},[52,67130,939],{"class":92},[52,67132,127],{"class":66},[20,67134,2193],{},[43,67136,67138],{"className":45,"code":67137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67139,67140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67141,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67143,4020],{"class":66},[52,67145,3420],{"class":188},[52,67147,30],{"class":192},[52,67149,3420],{"class":188},[52,67151,74],{"class":66},[52,67153,3415],{"class":188},[52,67155,1393],{"class":192},[52,67157,3420],{"class":188},[52,67159,74],{"class":66},[52,67161,3415],{"class":188},[52,67163,1491],{"class":192},[52,67165,3420],{"class":188},[52,67167,74],{"class":66},[52,67169,3415],{"class":188},[52,67171,18879],{"class":192},[52,67173,3420],{"class":188},[52,67175,3756],{"class":66},[20,67177,67178,67179,2425],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[30,67180,67181],{"href":51088},"Python lists beginner guide",[38,67183,67185,1083,67187],{"id":67184},"insert-vs-append",[15,67186,54377],{},[15,67188,52761],{},[20,67190,67191],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1324,67193,137,67195,10719],{"id":67194},"use-insert-when",[15,67196,54377],{},[154,67198,67199,67202],{},[157,67200,67201],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[157,67203,67204],{},"The order of the list matters",[1324,67206,137,67208,10719],{"id":67207},"use-append-when",[15,67209,52761],{},[154,67211,67212,67215],{},[157,67213,67214],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[157,67216,67217],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67219,347],{},[43,67221,67223],{"className":45,"code":67222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67224,67225,67249,67253,67275,67285,67289,67307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67226,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67228,7897],{"class":58},[52,67230,63],{"class":62},[52,67232,3743],{"class":66},[52,67234,189],{"class":188},[52,67236,1125],{"class":192},[52,67238,189],{"class":188},[52,67240,74],{"class":66},[52,67242,200],{"class":188},[52,67244,1216],{"class":192},[52,67246,189],{"class":188},[52,67248,3756],{"class":66},[52,67250,67251],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67252,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,67254,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67256,7928],{"class":58},[52,67258,89],{"class":66},[52,67260,54060],{"class":92},[52,67262,122],{"class":66},[52,67264,71],{"class":70},[52,67266,74],{"class":66},[52,67268,200],{"class":188},[52,67270,1145],{"class":192},[52,67272,189],{"class":188},[52,67274,127],{"class":66},[52,67276,67277,67279,67281,67283],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,67278,119],{"class":118},[52,67280,122],{"class":66},[52,67282,7928],{"class":92},[52,67284,127],{"class":66},[52,67286,67287],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,67288,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,67290,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,67292,7928],{"class":58},[52,67294,89],{"class":66},[52,67296,13668],{"class":92},[52,67298,122],{"class":66},[52,67300,189],{"class":188},[52,67302,22642],{"class":192},[52,67304,189],{"class":188},[52,67306,127],{"class":66},[52,67308,67309,67311,67313,67315],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,67310,119],{"class":118},[52,67312,122],{"class":66},[52,67314,7928],{"class":92},[52,67316,127],{"class":66},[20,67318,2193],{},[43,67320,67322],{"className":45,"code":67321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67323,67324,67352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67325,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67327,4020],{"class":66},[52,67329,3420],{"class":188},[52,67331,1125],{"class":192},[52,67333,3420],{"class":188},[52,67335,74],{"class":66},[52,67337,3415],{"class":188},[52,67339,1145],{"class":192},[52,67341,3420],{"class":188},[52,67343,74],{"class":66},[52,67345,3415],{"class":188},[52,67347,1216],{"class":192},[52,67349,3420],{"class":188},[52,67351,3756],{"class":66},[52,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67355,4020],{"class":66},[52,67357,3420],{"class":188},[52,67359,1125],{"class":192},[52,67361,3420],{"class":188},[52,67363,74],{"class":66},[52,67365,3415],{"class":188},[52,67367,1145],{"class":192},[52,67369,3420],{"class":188},[52,67371,74],{"class":66},[52,67373,3415],{"class":188},[52,67375,1216],{"class":192},[52,67377,3420],{"class":188},[52,67379,74],{"class":66},[52,67381,3415],{"class":188},[52,67383,22642],{"class":192},[52,67385,3420],{"class":188},[52,67387,3756],{"class":66},[20,67389,67390,67391,89],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[30,67392,55629,67393,10859],{"href":56878},[15,67394,52761],{},[20,67396,67397,67398,89],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[30,67399,53158],{"href":53157},[38,67401,4636],{"id":4635},[20,67403,14848,67404,89],{},[15,67405,54377],{},[1324,67407,12711,67409],{"id":67408},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67410,54377],{},[20,67412,25800],{},[43,67414,67416],{"className":45,"code":67415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67417,67418,67438,67460,67464,67474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67419,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67421,59],{"class":58},[52,67423,63],{"class":62},[52,67425,3743],{"class":66},[52,67427,71],{"class":70},[52,67429,74],{"class":66},[52,67431,77],{"class":70},[52,67433,74],{"class":66},[52,67435,104],{"class":70},[52,67437,3756],{"class":66},[52,67439,67440,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452,67454,67456,67458],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67441,474],{"class":58},[52,67443,63],{"class":62},[52,67445,479],{"class":58},[52,67447,89],{"class":66},[52,67449,54060],{"class":92},[52,67451,122],{"class":66},[52,67453,71],{"class":70},[52,67455,74],{"class":66},[52,67457,10316],{"class":70},[52,67459,127],{"class":66},[52,67461,67462],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67463,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,67465,67466,67468,67470,67472],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,67467,119],{"class":118},[52,67469,122],{"class":66},[52,67471,507],{"class":92},[52,67473,127],{"class":66},[52,67475,67476,67478,67480,67482],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,67477,119],{"class":118},[52,67479,122],{"class":66},[52,67481,86],{"class":92},[52,67483,127],{"class":66},[20,67485,2193],{},[43,67487,67489],{"className":45,"code":67488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67490,67491,67495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67492,67493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67494,11924],{"class":3971},[52,67496,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67498,4020],{"class":66},[52,67500,71],{"class":70},[52,67502,74],{"class":66},[52,67504,10316],{"class":70},[52,67506,74],{"class":66},[52,67508,77],{"class":70},[52,67510,74],{"class":66},[52,67512,104],{"class":70},[52,67514,3756],{"class":66},[20,67516,67517,54262,67519,89],{},[15,67518,54377],{},[15,67520,445],{},[20,67522,16757],{},[43,67524,67526],{"className":45,"code":67525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67527,67528],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67529,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67531,55999],{"class":58},[52,67533,63],{"class":62},[52,67535,479],{"class":58},[52,67537,89],{"class":66},[52,67539,54060],{"class":92},[52,67541,122],{"class":66},[52,67543,71],{"class":70},[52,67545,74],{"class":66},[52,67547,10316],{"class":70},[52,67549,127],{"class":66},[20,67551,67552],{},"Right:",[43,67554,67556],{"className":45,"code":67555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67557,67558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67559,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67561,86],{"class":58},[52,67563,89],{"class":66},[52,67565,54060],{"class":92},[52,67567,122],{"class":66},[52,67569,71],{"class":70},[52,67571,74],{"class":66},[52,67573,10316],{"class":70},[52,67575,127],{"class":66},[1324,67577,67579],{"id":67578},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67581,67582],{},"The correct order is:",[43,67584,67585],{"className":45,"code":66439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67586,67587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67588,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67590,8459],{"class":58},[52,67592,89],{"class":66},[52,67594,54060],{"class":92},[52,67596,122],{"class":66},[52,67598,35955],{"class":92},[52,67600,74],{"class":66},[52,67602,29617],{"class":92},[52,67604,127],{"class":66},[20,67606,67607],{},"Not:",[43,67609,67611],{"className":45,"code":67610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67612,67613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67614,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67616,8459],{"class":58},[52,67618,89],{"class":66},[52,67620,54060],{"class":92},[52,67622,122],{"class":66},[52,67624,23420],{"class":92},[52,67626,74],{"class":66},[52,67628,35930],{"class":92},[52,67630,127],{"class":66},[20,67632,347],{},[43,67634,67635],{"className":45,"code":66481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67636,67637,67661,67683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67638,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67640,921],{"class":58},[52,67642,63],{"class":62},[52,67644,3743],{"class":66},[52,67646,189],{"class":188},[52,67648,30],{"class":192},[52,67650,189],{"class":188},[52,67652,74],{"class":66},[52,67654,200],{"class":188},[52,67656,1491],{"class":192},[52,67658,189],{"class":188},[52,67660,3756],{"class":66},[52,67662,67663,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67664,939],{"class":58},[52,67666,89],{"class":66},[52,67668,54060],{"class":92},[52,67670,122],{"class":66},[52,67672,71],{"class":70},[52,67674,74],{"class":66},[52,67676,200],{"class":188},[52,67678,1393],{"class":192},[52,67680,189],{"class":188},[52,67682,127],{"class":66},[52,67684,67685,67687,67689,67691],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67686,119],{"class":118},[52,67688,122],{"class":66},[52,67690,939],{"class":92},[52,67692,127],{"class":66},[20,67694,2193],{},[43,67696,67697],{"className":45,"code":42984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67698,67699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67700,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67702,4020],{"class":66},[52,67704,3420],{"class":188},[52,67706,30],{"class":192},[52,67708,3420],{"class":188},[52,67710,74],{"class":66},[52,67712,3415],{"class":188},[52,67714,1393],{"class":192},[52,67716,3420],{"class":188},[52,67718,74],{"class":66},[52,67720,3415],{"class":188},[52,67722,1491],{"class":192},[52,67724,3420],{"class":188},[52,67726,3756],{"class":66},[1324,67728,8574,67730,67732],{"id":67729},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67731,54377],{}," to replace an item",[20,67734,67735,67737],{},[15,67736,54377],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[43,67739,67741],{"className":45,"code":67740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67742,67743,67763,67781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67744,67745,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67746,59],{"class":58},[52,67748,63],{"class":62},[52,67750,3743],{"class":66},[52,67752,71],{"class":70},[52,67754,74],{"class":66},[52,67756,77],{"class":70},[52,67758,74],{"class":66},[52,67760,104],{"class":70},[52,67762,3756],{"class":66},[52,67764,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67766,86],{"class":58},[52,67768,89],{"class":66},[52,67770,54060],{"class":92},[52,67772,122],{"class":66},[52,67774,71],{"class":70},[52,67776,74],{"class":66},[52,67778,10316],{"class":70},[52,67780,127],{"class":66},[52,67782,67783,67785,67787,67789],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67784,119],{"class":118},[52,67786,122],{"class":66},[52,67788,86],{"class":92},[52,67790,127],{"class":66},[20,67792,2193],{},[43,67794,67796],{"className":45,"code":67795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67797,67798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67799,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67801,4020],{"class":66},[52,67803,71],{"class":70},[52,67805,74],{"class":66},[52,67807,10316],{"class":70},[52,67809,74],{"class":66},[52,67811,77],{"class":70},[52,67813,74],{"class":66},[52,67815,104],{"class":70},[52,67817,3756],{"class":66},[20,67819,67820],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[43,67822,67824],{"className":45,"code":67823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67825,67826,67846,67860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67827,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67829,59],{"class":58},[52,67831,63],{"class":62},[52,67833,3743],{"class":66},[52,67835,71],{"class":70},[52,67837,74],{"class":66},[52,67839,77],{"class":70},[52,67841,74],{"class":66},[52,67843,104],{"class":70},[52,67845,3756],{"class":66},[52,67847,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67849,86],{"class":58},[52,67851,4020],{"class":66},[52,67853,71],{"class":70},[52,67855,13388],{"class":66},[52,67857,13391],{"class":62},[52,67859,14245],{"class":70},[52,67861,67862,67864,67866,67868],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67863,119],{"class":118},[52,67865,122],{"class":66},[52,67867,86],{"class":92},[52,67869,127],{"class":66},[20,67871,2193],{},[43,67873,67875],{"className":45,"code":67874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67876,67877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67878,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67880,4020],{"class":66},[52,67882,71],{"class":70},[52,67884,74],{"class":66},[52,67886,10316],{"class":70},[52,67888,74],{"class":66},[52,67890,104],{"class":70},[52,67892,3756],{"class":66},[1324,67894,67896],{"id":67895},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67898,67899,67901],{},[15,67900,54377],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67903,67904],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[43,67906,67908],{"className":45,"code":67907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67909,67910,67926,67950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67911,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922,67924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67913,59],{"class":58},[52,67915,63],{"class":62},[52,67917,3743],{"class":66},[52,67919,71],{"class":70},[52,67921,74],{"class":66},[52,67923,109],{"class":70},[52,67925,3756],{"class":66},[52,67927,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,67929,86],{"class":58},[52,67931,89],{"class":66},[52,67933,54060],{"class":92},[52,67935,122],{"class":66},[52,67937,71],{"class":70},[52,67939,74],{"class":66},[52,67941,3743],{"class":66},[52,67943,99],{"class":70},[52,67945,74],{"class":66},[52,67947,104],{"class":70},[52,67949,112],{"class":66},[52,67951,67952,67954,67956,67958],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67953,119],{"class":118},[52,67955,122],{"class":66},[52,67957,86],{"class":92},[52,67959,127],{"class":66},[20,67961,2193],{},[43,67963,67965],{"className":45,"code":67964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67966,67967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67968,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985,67987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67970,4020],{"class":66},[52,67972,71],{"class":70},[52,67974,74],{"class":66},[52,67976,3743],{"class":66},[52,67978,99],{"class":70},[52,67980,74],{"class":66},[52,67982,104],{"class":70},[52,67984,385],{"class":66},[52,67986,109],{"class":70},[52,67988,3756],{"class":66},[20,67990,67991,67992,89],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[30,67993,55629,67994,10859],{"href":53453},[15,67995,53555],{},[1324,67997,67999],{"id":67998},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68001,8997,68002,68004],{},[15,68003,54377],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[43,68006,68008],{"className":45,"code":68007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68009,68010,68020,68034,68052,68066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68011,68012,68014,68016,68018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68013,119],{"class":118},[52,68015,122],{"class":66},[52,68017,8459],{"class":92},[52,68019,127],{"class":66},[52,68021,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68023,119],{"class":118},[52,68025,122],{"class":66},[52,68027,11279],{"class":118},[52,68029,122],{"class":66},[52,68031,8459],{"class":92},[52,68033,2150],{"class":66},[52,68035,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68037,119],{"class":118},[52,68039,122],{"class":66},[52,68041,8459],{"class":92},[52,68043,89],{"class":66},[52,68045,54060],{"class":24860},[52,68047,89],{"class":66},[52,68049,34553],{"class":34560},[52,68051,127],{"class":66},[52,68053,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,68055,32262],{"class":118},[52,68057,122],{"class":66},[52,68059,8213],{"class":3020},[52,68061,89],{"class":66},[52,68063,54060],{"class":24860},[52,68065,127],{"class":66},[52,68067,68068,68070,68072,68074],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,68069,3340],{"class":3020},[52,68071,122],{"class":66},[52,68073,8459],{"class":92},[52,68075,127],{"class":66},[20,68077,68078],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[154,68080,68081,68084,68087,68090],{},[157,68082,68083],{},"What is currently in the list",[157,68085,68086],{},"How long the list is",[157,68088,68089],{},"That you are working with a real list",[157,68091,68092],{},"How Python describes the method",[38,68094,5078,68096],{"id":68095},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68097,54377],{},[20,68099,137,68100,68102],{},[15,68101,54377],{}," when position matters.",[20,68104,36532],{},[154,68106,68107,68110,68113,68116],{},[157,68108,68109],{},"Ordered menus",[157,68111,68112],{},"Rankings or score lists",[157,68114,68115],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[157,68117,68118],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68120,68121,68122,68124,68125,68127,68128,68130],{},"You usually do ",[984,68123,986],{}," need ",[15,68126,54377],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68129,52761],{}," is simpler.",[20,68132,68133,68134,89],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[30,68135,57263],{"href":57262},[38,68137,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,68139,1937,68141,55578],{"id":68140},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68142,54020],{},[20,68144,68145,68146,89],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68147,445],{},[1324,68149,68151],{"id":68150},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68153,68154],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1324,68156,5288,68158,68160],{"id":68157},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68159,54020],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68162,68163,68164,68166],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68165,53555],{}," or slicing.",[1324,68168,1959,68170,668,68172,1964],{"id":68169},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68171,54377],{},[15,68173,52761],{},[20,68175,68176,68178,68179,68181],{},[15,68177,54377],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68180,52761],{}," adds only at the end.",[38,68183,1996],{"id":1995},[154,68185,68186,68192,68198,68202,68206,68210],{},[157,68187,68188],{},[30,68189,55629,68190,10859],{"href":56878},[15,68191,52761],{},[157,68193,68194],{},[30,68195,55629,68196,10859],{"href":53453},[15,68197,53555],{},[157,68199,68200],{},[30,68201,54387],{"href":53157},[157,68203,68204],{},[30,68205,52880],{"href":51088},[157,68207,68208],{},[30,68209,57337],{"href":57262},[157,68211,68212],{},[30,68213,30458,68214,33740],{"href":54405},[15,68215,68216],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2044,68218,68219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":68221},[68222,68224,68225,68226,68232,68239,68248,68250,68259],{"id":66408,"depth":83,"text":68223},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5548,"depth":83,"text":5549},{"id":5905,"depth":83,"text":5906},{"id":66779,"depth":83,"text":66780,"children":68227},[68228,68229,68230,68231],{"id":66791,"depth":115,"text":66792},{"id":66882,"depth":115,"text":66883},{"id":66968,"depth":115,"text":66969},{"id":67054,"depth":115,"text":67055},{"id":67184,"depth":83,"text":68233,"children":68234},"insert() vs append()",[68235,68237],{"id":67194,"depth":115,"text":68236},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67207,"depth":115,"text":68238},"Use append() when:",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":68240},[68241,68243,68244,68246,68247],{"id":67408,"depth":115,"text":68242},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67578,"depth":115,"text":67579},{"id":67729,"depth":115,"text":68245},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67895,"depth":115,"text":67896},{"id":67998,"depth":115,"text":67999},{"id":68095,"depth":83,"text":68249},"When to use insert()",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":68251},[68252,68254,68255,68257],{"id":68140,"depth":115,"text":68253},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68150,"depth":115,"text":68151},{"id":68157,"depth":115,"text":68256},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68169,"depth":115,"text":68258},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66318,"description":68260},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68267,"title":68268,"body":68269,"description":69824,"extension":2083,"meta":69825,"navigation":240,"path":59081,"seo":69826,"stem":69827,"__hash__":69828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68270,"toc":69797},[68271,68277,68286,68335,68337,68345,68351,68353,68371,68377,68382,68385,68388,68403,68405,68457,68459,68467,68475,68482,68484,68490,68555,68557,68565,68567,68586,68589,68640,68644,68649,68676,68678,68686,68689,68758,68760,68775,68781,68785,68794,68797,68852,68854,68862,68865,68867,68912,68914,68922,68928,68930,68938,68941,68943,68982,68984,69023,69028,69030,69032,69067,69070,69072,69110,69114,69120,69122,69173,69175,69183,69190,69193,69214,69217,69272,69283,69285,69346,69348,69357,69364,69370,69373,69376,69433,69436,69449,69456,69462,69468,69470,69483,69486,69583,69585,69602,69605,69687,69689,69711,69718,69724,69726,69730,69736,69742,69747,69751,69754,69760,69767,69769,69794],[10,68272,68274,68275,3782],{"id":68273},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68276,11279],{},[20,68278,68279,68280,68282,68283,68285],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68281,42469],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68284,42469],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[43,68287,68289],{"className":45,"code":68288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68290,68291,68311,68325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68292,68293,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68294,59],{"class":58},[52,68296,63],{"class":62},[52,68298,3743],{"class":66},[52,68300,2452],{"class":70},[52,68302,74],{"class":66},[52,68304,7908],{"class":70},[52,68306,74],{"class":66},[52,68308,7913],{"class":70},[52,68310,3756],{"class":66},[52,68312,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68314,41349],{"class":58},[52,68316,63],{"class":62},[52,68318,38492],{"class":118},[52,68320,122],{"class":66},[52,68322,86],{"class":92},[52,68324,127],{"class":66},[52,68326,68327,68329,68331,68333],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68328,119],{"class":118},[52,68330,122],{"class":66},[52,68332,41367],{"class":92},[52,68334,127],{"class":66},[20,68336,2193],{},[43,68338,68339],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68340,68341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68342,68343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68344,46724],{"class":70},[20,68346,137,68347,68350],{},[15,68348,68349],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[38,68352,15277],{"id":15276},[154,68354,68355,68360,68365,68368],{},[157,68356,4316,68357,68359],{},[15,68358,42469],{}," works with Python lists",[157,68361,68362,68363,11822],{},"What value ",[15,68364,42469],{},[157,68366,68367],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[157,68369,68370],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[38,68372,144,68374,68376],{"id":68373},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68375,42469],{}," returns for a list",[20,68378,68379,65190],{},[15,68380,68381],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68383,68384],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68386,68387],{},"A few important points:",[154,68389,68390,68393,68398],{},[157,68391,68392],{},"It counts list items",[157,68394,41013,68395,68397],{},[984,68396,986],{}," count characters inside a string item",[157,68399,68400,68401],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68402,2243],{},[20,68404,347],{},[43,68406,68408],{"className":45,"code":68407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68409,68410,68443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68411,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68413,1025],{"class":58},[52,68415,63],{"class":62},[52,68417,3743],{"class":66},[52,68419,189],{"class":188},[52,68421,950],{"class":192},[52,68423,189],{"class":188},[52,68425,74],{"class":66},[52,68427,200],{"class":188},[52,68429,68430],{"class":192},"elephant",[52,68432,189],{"class":188},[52,68434,74],{"class":66},[52,68436,200],{"class":188},[52,68438,1034],{"class":192},[52,68440,189],{"class":188},[52,68442,3756],{"class":66},[52,68444,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68446,119],{"class":118},[52,68448,122],{"class":66},[52,68450,11279],{"class":118},[52,68452,122],{"class":66},[52,68454,1043],{"class":92},[52,68456,2150],{"class":66},[20,68458,2193],{},[43,68460,68461],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68462,68463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68464,68465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68466,46724],{"class":70},[20,68468,260,68469,68472,68473,65197],{},[15,68470,68471],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[984,68474,52765],{},[20,68476,68477,68478,89],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[30,68479,3697,68480,3630],{"href":42466},[15,68481,42469],{},[38,68483,5906],{"id":5905},[20,68485,68486,68487,68489],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68488,42469],{},", and print the result.",[43,68491,68493],{"className":45,"code":68492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68494,68495,68527,68541,68545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68496,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68498,181],{"class":58},[52,68500,63],{"class":62},[52,68502,3743],{"class":66},[52,68504,189],{"class":188},[52,68506,193],{"class":192},[52,68508,189],{"class":188},[52,68510,74],{"class":66},[52,68512,200],{"class":188},[52,68514,231],{"class":192},[52,68516,189],{"class":188},[52,68518,74],{"class":66},[52,68520,200],{"class":188},[52,68522,203],{"class":192},[52,68524,189],{"class":188},[52,68526,3756],{"class":66},[52,68528,68529,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68530,41349],{"class":58},[52,68532,63],{"class":62},[52,68534,38492],{"class":118},[52,68536,122],{"class":66},[52,68538,212],{"class":92},[52,68540,127],{"class":66},[52,68542,68543],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68544,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,68546,68547,68549,68551,68553],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,68548,119],{"class":118},[52,68550,122],{"class":66},[52,68552,41367],{"class":92},[52,68554,127],{"class":66},[20,68556,2193],{},[43,68558,68559],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68560,68561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68562,68563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68564,46724],{"class":70},[20,68566,656],{},[154,68568,68569,68574,68581],{},[157,68570,68571,68573],{},[15,68572,212],{}," is a list with 3 items",[157,68575,68576,442,68579],{},[15,68577,68578],{},"len(colors)",[15,68580,488],{},[157,68582,68583,68584],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68585,41367],{},[20,68587,68588],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[43,68590,68592],{"className":45,"code":68591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68593,68594,68626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68595,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68597,181],{"class":58},[52,68599,63],{"class":62},[52,68601,3743],{"class":66},[52,68603,189],{"class":188},[52,68605,193],{"class":192},[52,68607,189],{"class":188},[52,68609,74],{"class":66},[52,68611,200],{"class":188},[52,68613,231],{"class":192},[52,68615,189],{"class":188},[52,68617,74],{"class":66},[52,68619,200],{"class":188},[52,68621,203],{"class":192},[52,68623,189],{"class":188},[52,68625,3756],{"class":66},[52,68627,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68629,119],{"class":118},[52,68631,122],{"class":66},[52,68633,11279],{"class":118},[52,68635,122],{"class":66},[52,68637,212],{"class":92},[52,68639,2150],{"class":66},[38,68641,68643],{"id":68642},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68645,68646,68647,89],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68648,2243],{},[43,68650,68652],{"className":45,"code":68651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68653,68654,68662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68655,68656,68658,68660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68657,7897],{"class":58},[52,68659,63],{"class":62},[52,68661,7957],{"class":66},[52,68663,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68665,119],{"class":118},[52,68667,122],{"class":66},[52,68669,11279],{"class":118},[52,68671,122],{"class":66},[52,68673,7928],{"class":92},[52,68675,2150],{"class":66},[20,68677,2193],{},[43,68679,68680],{"className":45,"code":47359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68681,68682],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68683,68684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68685,47359],{"class":70},[20,68687,68688],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[43,68690,68692],{"className":45,"code":68691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68693,68694,68702,68706,68724,68738,68744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68695,68696,68698,68700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68697,7897],{"class":58},[52,68699,63],{"class":62},[52,68701,7957],{"class":66},[52,68703,68704],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68705,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,68707,68708,68710,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68709,7115],{"class":3996},[52,68711,38492],{"class":118},[52,68713,122],{"class":66},[52,68715,7928],{"class":92},[52,68717,3782],{"class":66},[52,68719,38502],{"class":62},[52,68721,3952],{"class":70},[52,68723,6514],{"class":66},[52,68725,68726,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,68727,8188],{"class":118},[52,68729,122],{"class":66},[52,68731,7928],{"class":92},[52,68733,4020],{"class":66},[52,68735,2243],{"class":70},[52,68737,112],{"class":66},[52,68739,68740,68742],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,68741,27544],{"class":3996},[52,68743,6514],{"class":66},[52,68745,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,68747,8188],{"class":118},[52,68749,122],{"class":66},[52,68751,189],{"class":188},[52,68753,51925],{"class":192},[52,68755,189],{"class":188},[52,68757,127],{"class":66},[20,68759,2193],{},[43,68761,68763],{"className":45,"code":68762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is empty\n",[15,68764,68765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68766,68767,68769,68771,68773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68768,2100],{"class":58},[52,68770,8213],{"class":3020},[52,68772,8216],{"class":62},[52,68774,8222],{"class":58},[20,68776,68777,68778,68780],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[30,68779,52880],{"href":51088}," is a good next step.",[38,68782,68784],{"id":68783},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68786,68787,68789,68790,68793],{},[15,68788,42469],{}," counts only the ",[984,68791,68792],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68795,68796],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[43,68798,68800],{"className":45,"code":68799,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68801,68802,68838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68803,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68805,9288],{"class":58},[52,68807,63],{"class":62},[52,68809,56403],{"class":66},[52,68811,71],{"class":70},[52,68813,74],{"class":66},[52,68815,77],{"class":70},[52,68817,385],{"class":66},[52,68819,3743],{"class":66},[52,68821,488],{"class":70},[52,68823,74],{"class":66},[52,68825,109],{"class":70},[52,68827,385],{"class":66},[52,68829,3743],{"class":66},[52,68831,1705],{"class":70},[52,68833,74],{"class":66},[52,68835,37750],{"class":70},[52,68837,53351],{"class":66},[52,68839,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68841,119],{"class":118},[52,68843,122],{"class":66},[52,68845,11279],{"class":118},[52,68847,122],{"class":66},[52,68849,9327],{"class":92},[52,68851,2150],{"class":66},[20,68853,2193],{},[43,68855,68856],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68857,68858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68859,68860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68861,46724],{"class":70},[20,68863,68864],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68866,52189],{},[43,68868,68870],{"className":45,"code":68869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68871,68872,68898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68873,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68875,59581],{"class":58},[52,68877,63],{"class":62},[52,68879,3743],{"class":66},[52,68881,71],{"class":70},[52,68883,74],{"class":66},[52,68885,3743],{"class":66},[52,68887,99],{"class":70},[52,68889,74],{"class":66},[52,68891,104],{"class":70},[52,68893,385],{"class":66},[52,68895,109],{"class":70},[52,68897,3756],{"class":66},[52,68899,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68901,119],{"class":118},[52,68903,122],{"class":66},[52,68905,11279],{"class":118},[52,68907,122],{"class":66},[52,68909,59634],{"class":92},[52,68911,2150],{"class":66},[20,68913,2193],{},[43,68915,68916],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68917,68918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68919,68920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68921,46724],{"class":70},[20,68923,260,68924,68927],{},[15,68925,68926],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[38,68929,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,68931,8538,68933,1990,68936],{"id":68932},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68934,68935],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68937,68381],{},[20,68939,68940],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68942,16757],{},[43,68944,68946],{"className":45,"code":68945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68947,68948,68968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68949,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68951,59],{"class":58},[52,68953,63],{"class":62},[52,68955,3743],{"class":66},[52,68957,2452],{"class":70},[52,68959,74],{"class":66},[52,68961,7908],{"class":70},[52,68963,74],{"class":66},[52,68965,7913],{"class":70},[52,68967,3756],{"class":66},[52,68969,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,68971,119],{"class":118},[52,68973,122],{"class":66},[52,68975,86],{"class":92},[52,68977,89],{"class":66},[52,68979,11279],{"class":92},[52,68981,7312],{"class":66},[20,68983,16769],{},[43,68985,68987],{"className":45,"code":68986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68988,68989,69009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68990,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68992,59],{"class":58},[52,68994,63],{"class":62},[52,68996,3743],{"class":66},[52,68998,2452],{"class":70},[52,69000,74],{"class":66},[52,69002,7908],{"class":70},[52,69004,74],{"class":66},[52,69006,7913],{"class":70},[52,69008,3756],{"class":66},[52,69010,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69012,119],{"class":118},[52,69014,122],{"class":66},[52,69016,11279],{"class":118},[52,69018,122],{"class":66},[52,69020,86],{"class":92},[52,69022,2150],{"class":66},[20,69024,69025,69027],{},[15,69026,42469],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1324,69029,25797],{"id":25796},[20,69031,16757],{},[43,69033,69035],{"className":45,"code":69034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69036,69037,69057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69038,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047,69049,69051,69053,69055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69040,59],{"class":58},[52,69042,63],{"class":62},[52,69044,3743],{"class":66},[52,69046,2452],{"class":70},[52,69048,74],{"class":66},[52,69050,7908],{"class":70},[52,69052,74],{"class":66},[52,69054,7913],{"class":70},[52,69056,3756],{"class":66},[52,69058,69059,69061,69063,69065],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69060,119],{"class":118},[52,69062,122],{"class":66},[52,69064,11279],{"class":118},[52,69066,127],{"class":66},[20,69068,69069],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69071,16769],{},[43,69073,69074],{"className":45,"code":68986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69075,69076,69096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69077,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69079,59],{"class":58},[52,69081,63],{"class":62},[52,69083,3743],{"class":66},[52,69085,2452],{"class":70},[52,69087,74],{"class":66},[52,69089,7908],{"class":70},[52,69091,74],{"class":66},[52,69093,7913],{"class":70},[52,69095,3756],{"class":66},[52,69097,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69099,119],{"class":118},[52,69101,122],{"class":66},[52,69103,11279],{"class":118},[52,69105,122],{"class":66},[52,69107,86],{"class":92},[52,69109,2150],{"class":66},[1324,69111,69113],{"id":69112},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69115,69116,69117,69119],{},"The length of a list is ",[984,69118,986],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69121,347],{},[43,69123,69125],{"className":45,"code":69124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69126,69127,69159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69128,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69130,921],{"class":58},[52,69132,63],{"class":62},[52,69134,3743],{"class":66},[52,69136,189],{"class":188},[52,69138,30],{"class":192},[52,69140,189],{"class":188},[52,69142,74],{"class":66},[52,69144,200],{"class":188},[52,69146,1393],{"class":192},[52,69148,189],{"class":188},[52,69150,74],{"class":66},[52,69152,200],{"class":188},[52,69154,1491],{"class":192},[52,69156,189],{"class":188},[52,69158,3756],{"class":66},[52,69160,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69162,119],{"class":118},[52,69164,122],{"class":66},[52,69166,11279],{"class":118},[52,69168,122],{"class":66},[52,69170,939],{"class":92},[52,69172,2150],{"class":66},[20,69174,2193],{},[43,69176,69177],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69178,69179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69180,69181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69182,46724],{"class":70},[20,69184,69185,69186,19075,69188,89],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69187,99],{},[15,69189,488],{},[20,69191,69192],{},"Indexes are:",[154,69194,69195,69202,69208],{},[157,69196,69197,69199,69200],{},[15,69198,2243],{}," for ",[15,69201,1003],{},[157,69203,69204,69199,69206],{},[15,69205,71],{},[15,69207,65700],{},[157,69209,69210,69199,69212],{},[15,69211,99],{},[15,69213,998],{},[20,69215,69216],{},"So this causes an error:",[43,69218,69220],{"className":45,"code":69219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69221,69222,69254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69223,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69225,921],{"class":58},[52,69227,63],{"class":62},[52,69229,3743],{"class":66},[52,69231,189],{"class":188},[52,69233,30],{"class":192},[52,69235,189],{"class":188},[52,69237,74],{"class":66},[52,69239,200],{"class":188},[52,69241,1393],{"class":192},[52,69243,189],{"class":188},[52,69245,74],{"class":66},[52,69247,200],{"class":188},[52,69249,1491],{"class":192},[52,69251,189],{"class":188},[52,69253,3756],{"class":66},[52,69255,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268,69270],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69257,119],{"class":118},[52,69259,122],{"class":66},[52,69261,939],{"class":92},[52,69263,4020],{"class":66},[52,69265,11279],{"class":118},[52,69267,122],{"class":66},[52,69269,939],{"class":92},[52,69271,10797],{"class":66},[20,69273,8617,69274,4900,69277,69279,69280,69282],{},[15,69275,69276],{},"len(letters)",[15,69278,488],{},", and index ",[15,69281,488],{}," does not exist.",[20,69284,18952],{},[43,69286,69288],{"className":45,"code":69287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69289,69290,69322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69291,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69293,921],{"class":58},[52,69295,63],{"class":62},[52,69297,3743],{"class":66},[52,69299,189],{"class":188},[52,69301,30],{"class":192},[52,69303,189],{"class":188},[52,69305,74],{"class":66},[52,69307,200],{"class":188},[52,69309,1393],{"class":192},[52,69311,189],{"class":188},[52,69313,74],{"class":66},[52,69315,200],{"class":188},[52,69317,1491],{"class":192},[52,69319,189],{"class":188},[52,69321,3756],{"class":66},[52,69323,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69325,119],{"class":118},[52,69327,122],{"class":66},[52,69329,939],{"class":92},[52,69331,4020],{"class":66},[52,69333,11279],{"class":118},[52,69335,122],{"class":66},[52,69337,939],{"class":92},[52,69339,3782],{"class":66},[52,69341,2344],{"class":62},[52,69343,5616],{"class":70},[52,69345,112],{"class":66},[20,69347,2193],{},[43,69349,69351],{"className":45,"code":69350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"c\n",[15,69352,69353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69354,69355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69356,69350],{"class":58},[20,69358,69359,69360,89],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[30,69361,69363],{"href":69362},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1324,69365,8538,69367,69369],{"id":69366},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69368,42469],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69371,69372],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69374,69375],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[43,69377,69379],{"className":45,"code":69378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69380,69381,69391,69405,69419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69382,69383,69385,69387,69389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69384,119],{"class":118},[52,69386,122],{"class":66},[52,69388,8459],{"class":92},[52,69390,127],{"class":66},[52,69392,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69394,119],{"class":118},[52,69396,122],{"class":66},[52,69398,11279],{"class":118},[52,69400,122],{"class":66},[52,69402,8459],{"class":92},[52,69404,2150],{"class":66},[52,69406,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69408,119],{"class":118},[52,69410,122],{"class":66},[52,69412,3340],{"class":3020},[52,69414,122],{"class":66},[52,69416,8459],{"class":92},[52,69418,2150],{"class":66},[52,69420,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,69422,119],{"class":118},[52,69424,122],{"class":66},[52,69426,8459],{"class":92},[52,69428,4020],{"class":66},[52,69430,2243],{"class":70},[52,69432,112],{"class":66},[20,69434,69435],{},"These help you verify:",[154,69437,69438,69441,69443,69446],{},[157,69439,69440],{},"what the variable contains",[157,69442,60893],{},[157,69444,69445],{},"whether it is really a list",[157,69447,69448],{},"what the first item is",[20,69450,69451,69452,69455],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69453,69454],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[38,69457,5078,69459,69461],{"id":69458},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69460,42469],{}," with lists",[20,69463,69464,69465,69467],{},"You will often use ",[15,69466,42469],{}," in real programs.",[20,69469,9494],{},[154,69471,69472,69474,69477,69480],{},[157,69473,51879],{},[157,69475,69476],{},"Control loops",[157,69478,69479],{},"Validate input or results",[157,69481,69482],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69484,69485],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[43,69487,69489],{"className":45,"code":69488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69490,69491,69511,69527,69531,69545,69559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69492,69493,69495,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69494,1347],{"class":58},[52,69496,63],{"class":62},[52,69498,3743],{"class":66},[52,69500,71],{"class":70},[52,69502,74],{"class":66},[52,69504,77],{"class":70},[52,69506,74],{"class":66},[52,69508,104],{"class":70},[52,69510,3756],{"class":66},[52,69512,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69514,1364],{"class":58},[52,69516,63],{"class":62},[52,69518,3743],{"class":66},[52,69520,2452],{"class":70},[52,69522,74],{"class":66},[52,69524,7908],{"class":70},[52,69526,3756],{"class":66},[52,69528,69529],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69530,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,69532,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,69534,119],{"class":118},[52,69536,122],{"class":66},[52,69538,11279],{"class":118},[52,69540,122],{"class":66},[52,69542,30],{"class":92},[52,69544,2150],{"class":66},[52,69546,69547,69549,69551,69553,69555,69557],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,69548,119],{"class":118},[52,69550,122],{"class":66},[52,69552,11279],{"class":118},[52,69554,122],{"class":66},[52,69556,1393],{"class":92},[52,69558,2150],{"class":66},[52,69560,69561,69563,69565,69567,69569,69571,69573,69575,69577,69579,69581],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,69562,119],{"class":118},[52,69564,122],{"class":66},[52,69566,11279],{"class":118},[52,69568,122],{"class":66},[52,69570,30],{"class":92},[52,69572,3782],{"class":66},[52,69574,38502],{"class":62},[52,69576,38492],{"class":118},[52,69578,122],{"class":66},[52,69580,1393],{"class":92},[52,69582,2150],{"class":66},[20,69584,2193],{},[43,69586,69588],{"className":45,"code":69587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69589,69590,69594,69598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69591,69592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69593,46724],{"class":70},[52,69595,69596],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69597,17170],{"class":70},[52,69599,69600],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69601,4100],{"class":3971},[20,69603,69604],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[43,69606,69608],{"className":45,"code":69607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69609,69610,69642,69646,69668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69611,69612,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638,69640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69613,5112],{"class":58},[52,69615,63],{"class":62},[52,69617,3743],{"class":66},[52,69619,189],{"class":188},[52,69621,12997],{"class":192},[52,69623,189],{"class":188},[52,69625,74],{"class":66},[52,69627,200],{"class":188},[52,69629,36050],{"class":192},[52,69631,189],{"class":188},[52,69633,74],{"class":66},[52,69635,200],{"class":188},[52,69637,36059],{"class":192},[52,69639,189],{"class":188},[52,69641,3756],{"class":66},[52,69643,69644],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69645,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,69647,69648,69650,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69649,6077],{"class":3996},[52,69651,69652],{"class":58}," i ",[52,69654,4003],{"class":3996},[52,69656,54179],{"class":118},[52,69658,122],{"class":66},[52,69660,11279],{"class":118},[52,69662,122],{"class":66},[52,69664,5156],{"class":92},[52,69666,69667],{"class":66},")):\n",[52,69669,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69681,69683,69685],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,69671,8188],{"class":118},[52,69673,122],{"class":66},[52,69675,36262],{"class":92},[52,69677,74],{"class":66},[52,69679,69680],{"class":92}," names",[52,69682,4020],{"class":66},[52,69684,36262],{"class":92},[52,69686,112],{"class":66},[20,69688,2193],{},[43,69690,69691],{"className":45,"code":36108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69692,69693,69699,69705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69694,69695,69697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69696,2243],{"class":70},[52,69698,36117],{"class":58},[52,69700,69701,69703],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69702,71],{"class":70},[52,69704,36124],{"class":58},[52,69706,69707,69709],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69708,99],{"class":70},[52,69710,36131],{"class":58},[20,69712,69713,69714,89],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[30,69715,69717],{"href":69716},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69719,69720,69721,69723],{},"You can also read ",[30,69722,51656],{"href":51655}," for a task-focused guide.",[38,69725,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,69727,69729],{"id":69728},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69731,137,69732,69735],{},[15,69733,69734],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1324,69737,5260,69739,12832],{"id":69738},"what-does-len-return",[15,69740,69741],{},"len([])",[20,69743,5266,69744,69746],{},[15,69745,2243],{}," because the list is empty.",[1324,69748,69750],{"id":69749},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69752,69753],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1324,69755,1949,69757,69759],{"id":69756},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69758,68935],{}," in Python?",[20,69761,30381,69762,8342,69764,69766],{},[15,69763,68381],{},[15,69765,42469],{}," is a built-in function.",[38,69768,1996],{"id":1995},[154,69770,69771,69777,69781,69785,69789],{},[157,69772,69773],{},[30,69774,3697,69775,3630],{"href":42466},[15,69776,42469],{},[157,69778,69779],{},[30,69780,52700],{"href":51655},[157,69782,69783],{},[30,69784,52880],{"href":51088},[157,69786,69787],{},[30,69788,69363],{"href":69362},[157,69790,69791],{},[30,69792,69793],{"href":69716},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2044,69795,69796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":69798},[69799,69800,69802,69803,69804,69805,69813,69815,69823],{"id":15276,"depth":83,"text":15277},{"id":68373,"depth":83,"text":69801},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5905,"depth":83,"text":5906},{"id":68642,"depth":83,"text":68643},{"id":68783,"depth":83,"text":68784},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":69806},[69807,69809,69810,69811],{"id":68932,"depth":115,"text":69808},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25796,"depth":115,"text":25797},{"id":69112,"depth":115,"text":69113},{"id":69366,"depth":115,"text":69812},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69458,"depth":83,"text":69814},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":69816},[69817,69818,69820,69821],{"id":69728,"depth":115,"text":69729},{"id":69738,"depth":115,"text":69819},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69749,"depth":115,"text":69750},{"id":69756,"depth":115,"text":69822},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68268,"description":69824},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69830,"title":69831,"body":69832,"description":71814,"extension":2083,"meta":71815,"navigation":240,"path":71816,"seo":71817,"stem":71818,"__hash__":71819},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69833,"toc":71787},[69834,69837,69842,69845,69853,69866,69868,69933,69935,69957,69962,69966,69971,69979,69981,69991,69993,70074,70076,70106,70108,70127,70132,70149,70151,70235,70237,70267,70272,70276,70282,70366,70368,70398,70401,70405,70408,70499,70501,70539,70542,70627,70629,70659,70665,70672,70676,70681,70690,70692,70777,70779,70808,70811,70819,70823,70827,70836,70859,70861,70883,70885,70899,70901,70961,70965,70970,71009,71011,71028,71030,71040,71139,71144,71148,71153,71196,71198,71226,71228,71242,71317,71319,71341,71345,71348,71353,71364,71369,71377,71380,71451,71453,71478,71535,71537,71558,71567,71575,71580,71582,71587,71608,71611,71686,71689,71703,71710,71712,71716,71722,71726,71736,71740,71747,71751,71757,71759,71784],[10,69835,69831],{"id":69836},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69838,69839,69841],{},[15,69840,55191],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69843,69844],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[154,69846,69847,69850],{},[157,69848,69849],{},"delete an item from a list",[157,69851,69852],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69854,69855,69856,69858,69859,8826,69861,69865],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69857,12879],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69860,12879],{},[30,69862,69863],{"href":55181},[15,69864,55638],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[38,69867,2125],{"id":2124},[43,69869,69871],{"className":45,"code":69870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69872,69873,69893,69908,69912,69923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69874,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69876,59],{"class":58},[52,69878,63],{"class":62},[52,69880,3743],{"class":66},[52,69882,2452],{"class":70},[52,69884,74],{"class":66},[52,69886,7908],{"class":70},[52,69888,74],{"class":66},[52,69890,7913],{"class":70},[52,69892,3756],{"class":66},[52,69894,69895,69898,69900,69902,69904,69906],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69896,69897],{"class":58},"last_item ",[52,69899,63],{"class":62},[52,69901,479],{"class":58},[52,69903,89],{"class":66},[52,69905,26351],{"class":92},[52,69907,8764],{"class":66},[52,69909,69910],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69911,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,69913,69914,69916,69918,69921],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,69915,119],{"class":118},[52,69917,122],{"class":66},[52,69919,69920],{"class":92},"last_item",[52,69922,127],{"class":66},[52,69924,69925,69927,69929,69931],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,69926,119],{"class":118},[52,69928,122],{"class":66},[52,69930,86],{"class":92},[52,69932,127],{"class":66},[20,69934,2193],{},[43,69936,69938],{"className":45,"code":69937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69939,69940,69945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69941,69942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69943,69944],{"class":70},"30\n",[52,69946,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,69948,4020],{"class":66},[52,69950,2452],{"class":70},[52,69952,74],{"class":66},[52,69954,7908],{"class":70},[52,69956,3756],{"class":66},[20,69958,137,69959,69961],{},[15,69960,12879],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[38,69963,69965],{"id":69964},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69967,69968,69970],{},[15,69969,12879],{}," has two main jobs:",[154,69972,69973,69976],{},[157,69974,69975],{},"It removes one item from a list",[157,69977,69978],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69980,43759],{},[154,69982,69983,69986,69989],{},[157,69984,69985],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[157,69987,69988],{},"It changes the original list",[157,69990,52854],{},[20,69992,347],{},[43,69994,69996],{"className":45,"code":69995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69997,69998,70030,70034,70049,70053,70064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69999,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70001,181],{"class":58},[52,70003,63],{"class":62},[52,70005,3743],{"class":66},[52,70007,189],{"class":188},[52,70009,193],{"class":192},[52,70011,189],{"class":188},[52,70013,74],{"class":66},[52,70015,200],{"class":188},[52,70017,231],{"class":192},[52,70019,189],{"class":188},[52,70021,74],{"class":66},[52,70023,200],{"class":188},[52,70025,203],{"class":192},[52,70027,189],{"class":188},[52,70029,3756],{"class":66},[52,70031,70032],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70033,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70035,70036,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70037,70038],{"class":58},"removed ",[52,70040,63],{"class":62},[52,70042,13238],{"class":58},[52,70044,89],{"class":66},[52,70046,26351],{"class":92},[52,70048,8764],{"class":66},[52,70050,70051],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,70052,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70054,70055,70057,70059,70062],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,70056,119],{"class":118},[52,70058,122],{"class":66},[52,70060,70061],{"class":92},"removed",[52,70063,127],{"class":66},[52,70065,70066,70068,70070,70072],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,70067,119],{"class":118},[52,70069,122],{"class":66},[52,70071,212],{"class":92},[52,70073,127],{"class":66},[20,70075,2193],{},[43,70077,70079],{"className":45,"code":70078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70080,70081,70086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70082,70083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70084,70085],{"class":58},"blue\n",[52,70087,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102,70104],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70089,4020],{"class":66},[52,70091,3420],{"class":188},[52,70093,193],{"class":192},[52,70095,3420],{"class":188},[52,70097,74],{"class":66},[52,70099,3415],{"class":188},[52,70101,231],{"class":192},[52,70103,3420],{"class":188},[52,70105,3756],{"class":66},[38,70107,268],{"id":267},[43,70109,70111],{"className":45,"code":70110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70112,70113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70114,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70116,8213],{"class":3020},[52,70118,89],{"class":66},[52,70120,26351],{"class":92},[52,70122,96],{"class":66},[52,70124,35955],{"class":92},[52,70126,112],{"class":66},[20,70128,2100,70129,70131],{},[15,70130,35955],{}," is optional.",[154,70133,70134,70140,70146],{},[157,70135,70136,70137,70139],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70138,12879],{}," removes the last item",[157,70141,70142,70143,70145],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70144,12879],{}," removes the item at that position",[157,70147,70148],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70150,347],{},[43,70152,70154],{"className":45,"code":70153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70155,70156,70188,70192,70211,70215,70225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70157,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166,70168,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184,70186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70159,921],{"class":58},[52,70161,63],{"class":62},[52,70163,3743],{"class":66},[52,70165,189],{"class":188},[52,70167,30],{"class":192},[52,70169,189],{"class":188},[52,70171,74],{"class":66},[52,70173,200],{"class":188},[52,70175,1393],{"class":192},[52,70177,189],{"class":188},[52,70179,74],{"class":66},[52,70181,200],{"class":188},[52,70183,1491],{"class":192},[52,70185,189],{"class":188},[52,70187,3756],{"class":66},[52,70189,70190],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70191,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70193,70194,70196,70198,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70195,28648],{"class":58},[52,70197,63],{"class":62},[52,70199,70200],{"class":58}," letters",[52,70202,89],{"class":66},[52,70204,26351],{"class":92},[52,70206,122],{"class":66},[52,70208,71],{"class":70},[52,70210,127],{"class":66},[52,70212,70213],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,70214,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70216,70217,70219,70221,70223],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,70218,119],{"class":118},[52,70220,122],{"class":66},[52,70222,23420],{"class":92},[52,70224,127],{"class":66},[52,70226,70227,70229,70231,70233],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,70228,119],{"class":118},[52,70230,122],{"class":66},[52,70232,939],{"class":92},[52,70234,127],{"class":66},[20,70236,2193],{},[43,70238,70240],{"className":45,"code":70239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70241,70242,70247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70243,70244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70245,70246],{"class":58},"b\n",[52,70248,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263,70265],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70250,4020],{"class":66},[52,70252,3420],{"class":188},[52,70254,30],{"class":192},[52,70256,3420],{"class":188},[52,70258,74],{"class":66},[52,70260,3415],{"class":188},[52,70262,1491],{"class":192},[52,70264,3420],{"class":188},[52,70266,3756],{"class":66},[20,70268,70269,70270,89],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[30,70271,52880],{"href":51088},[38,70273,70275],{"id":70274},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70277,70278,70279,70281],{},"When you call ",[15,70280,12879],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[43,70283,70285],{"className":45,"code":70284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70286,70287,70322,70326,70341,70345,70356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70288,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70300,70302,70304,70306,70309,70311,70313,70315,70318,70320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70290,30008],{"class":58},[52,70292,63],{"class":62},[52,70294,3743],{"class":66},[52,70296,189],{"class":188},[52,70298,70299],{"class":192},"write",[52,70301,189],{"class":188},[52,70303,74],{"class":66},[52,70305,200],{"class":188},[52,70307,70308],{"class":192},"test",[52,70310,189],{"class":188},[52,70312,74],{"class":66},[52,70314,200],{"class":188},[52,70316,70317],{"class":192},"submit",[52,70319,189],{"class":188},[52,70321,3756],{"class":66},[52,70323,70324],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70325,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70327,70328,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70329,70330],{"class":58},"last_task ",[52,70332,63],{"class":62},[52,70334,30086],{"class":58},[52,70336,89],{"class":66},[52,70338,26351],{"class":92},[52,70340,8764],{"class":66},[52,70342,70343],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,70344,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70346,70347,70349,70351,70354],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,70348,119],{"class":118},[52,70350,122],{"class":66},[52,70352,70353],{"class":92},"last_task",[52,70355,127],{"class":66},[52,70357,70358,70360,70362,70364],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,70359,119],{"class":118},[52,70361,122],{"class":66},[52,70363,36612],{"class":92},[52,70365,127],{"class":66},[20,70367,2193],{},[43,70369,70371],{"className":45,"code":70370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70372,70373,70378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70374,70375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70376,70377],{"class":58},"submit\n",[52,70379,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70381,4020],{"class":66},[52,70383,3420],{"class":188},[52,70385,70299],{"class":192},[52,70387,3420],{"class":188},[52,70389,74],{"class":66},[52,70391,3415],{"class":188},[52,70393,70308],{"class":192},[52,70395,3420],{"class":188},[52,70397,3756],{"class":66},[20,70399,70400],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[38,70402,70404],{"id":70403},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70406,70407],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[43,70409,70411],{"className":45,"code":70410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70412,70413,70453,70457,70475,70479,70489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70414,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70416,1116],{"class":58},[52,70418,63],{"class":62},[52,70420,3743],{"class":66},[52,70422,189],{"class":188},[52,70424,1125],{"class":192},[52,70426,189],{"class":188},[52,70428,74],{"class":66},[52,70430,200],{"class":188},[52,70432,1145],{"class":192},[52,70434,189],{"class":188},[52,70436,74],{"class":66},[52,70438,200],{"class":188},[52,70440,4215],{"class":192},[52,70442,189],{"class":188},[52,70444,74],{"class":66},[52,70446,200],{"class":188},[52,70448,1216],{"class":192},[52,70450,189],{"class":188},[52,70452,3756],{"class":66},[52,70454,70455],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70456,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70458,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70460,70038],{"class":58},[52,70462,63],{"class":62},[52,70464,52960],{"class":58},[52,70466,89],{"class":66},[52,70468,26351],{"class":92},[52,70470,122],{"class":66},[52,70472,71],{"class":70},[52,70474,127],{"class":66},[52,70476,70477],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,70478,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70480,70481,70483,70485,70487],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,70482,119],{"class":118},[52,70484,122],{"class":66},[52,70486,70061],{"class":92},[52,70488,127],{"class":66},[52,70490,70491,70493,70495,70497],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,70492,119],{"class":118},[52,70494,122],{"class":66},[52,70496,1134],{"class":92},[52,70498,127],{"class":66},[20,70500,2193],{},[43,70502,70504],{"className":45,"code":70503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70505,70506,70511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70507,70508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70509,70510],{"class":58},"banana\n",[52,70512,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70514,4020],{"class":66},[52,70516,3420],{"class":188},[52,70518,1125],{"class":192},[52,70520,3420],{"class":188},[52,70522,74],{"class":66},[52,70524,3415],{"class":188},[52,70526,4215],{"class":192},[52,70528,3420],{"class":188},[52,70530,74],{"class":66},[52,70532,3415],{"class":188},[52,70534,1216],{"class":192},[52,70536,3420],{"class":188},[52,70538,3756],{"class":66},[20,70540,70541],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[43,70543,70545],{"className":45,"code":70544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70546,70547,70579,70583,70603,70607,70617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70548,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70550,1116],{"class":58},[52,70552,63],{"class":62},[52,70554,3743],{"class":66},[52,70556,189],{"class":188},[52,70558,1125],{"class":192},[52,70560,189],{"class":188},[52,70562,74],{"class":66},[52,70564,200],{"class":188},[52,70566,1145],{"class":192},[52,70568,189],{"class":188},[52,70570,74],{"class":66},[52,70572,200],{"class":188},[52,70574,4215],{"class":192},[52,70576,189],{"class":188},[52,70578,3756],{"class":66},[52,70580,70581],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70582,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70584,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70586,70038],{"class":58},[52,70588,63],{"class":62},[52,70590,52960],{"class":58},[52,70592,89],{"class":66},[52,70594,26351],{"class":92},[52,70596,122],{"class":66},[52,70598,2144],{"class":62},[52,70600,71],{"class":70},[52,70602,127],{"class":66},[52,70604,70605],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,70606,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70608,70609,70611,70613,70615],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,70610,119],{"class":118},[52,70612,122],{"class":66},[52,70614,70061],{"class":92},[52,70616,127],{"class":66},[52,70618,70619,70621,70623,70625],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,70620,119],{"class":118},[52,70622,122],{"class":66},[52,70624,1134],{"class":92},[52,70626,127],{"class":66},[20,70628,2193],{},[43,70630,70632],{"className":45,"code":70631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70633,70634,70639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70635,70636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70637,70638],{"class":58},"cherry\n",[52,70640,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653,70655,70657],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70642,4020],{"class":66},[52,70644,3420],{"class":188},[52,70646,1125],{"class":192},[52,70648,3420],{"class":188},[52,70650,74],{"class":66},[52,70652,3415],{"class":188},[52,70654,1145],{"class":192},[52,70656,3420],{"class":188},[52,70658,3756],{"class":66},[20,70660,70661,70662,70664],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70663,65959],{}," means the last item.",[20,70666,70667,70668,89],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[30,70669,70670,10859],{"href":59073},[15,70671,64970],{},[38,70673,70675],{"id":70674},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70677,70678,70680],{},[15,70679,12879],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70682,70683,70684,668,70686,89],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70685,12879],{},[30,70687,70688],{"href":55181},[15,70689,55638],{},[20,70691,347],{},[43,70693,70695],{"className":45,"code":70694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70696,70697,70729,70733,70752,70756,70767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70698,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70700,5112],{"class":58},[52,70702,63],{"class":62},[52,70704,3743],{"class":66},[52,70706,189],{"class":188},[52,70708,12997],{"class":192},[52,70710,189],{"class":188},[52,70712,74],{"class":66},[52,70714,200],{"class":188},[52,70716,36050],{"class":192},[52,70718,189],{"class":188},[52,70720,74],{"class":66},[52,70722,200],{"class":188},[52,70724,36059],{"class":192},[52,70726,189],{"class":188},[52,70728,3756],{"class":66},[52,70730,70731],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70732,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70734,70735,70738,70740,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70736,70737],{"class":58},"removed_name ",[52,70739,63],{"class":62},[52,70741,69680],{"class":58},[52,70743,89],{"class":66},[52,70745,26351],{"class":92},[52,70747,122],{"class":66},[52,70749,2243],{"class":70},[52,70751,127],{"class":66},[52,70753,70754],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,70755,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70757,70758,70760,70762,70765],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,70759,119],{"class":118},[52,70761,122],{"class":66},[52,70763,70764],{"class":92},"removed_name",[52,70766,127],{"class":66},[52,70768,70769,70771,70773,70775],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,70770,119],{"class":118},[52,70772,122],{"class":66},[52,70774,5156],{"class":92},[52,70776,127],{"class":66},[20,70778,2193],{},[43,70780,70782],{"className":45,"code":70781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70783,70784,70788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70785,70786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70787,50148],{"class":58},[52,70789,70790,70792,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802,70804,70806],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70791,4020],{"class":66},[52,70793,3420],{"class":188},[52,70795,36050],{"class":192},[52,70797,3420],{"class":188},[52,70799,74],{"class":66},[52,70801,3415],{"class":188},[52,70803,36059],{"class":192},[52,70805,3420],{"class":188},[52,70807,3756],{"class":66},[20,70809,70810],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70812,70813,70814,70816,70817,89],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70815,55638],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70818,445],{},[38,70820,70822],{"id":70821},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1324,70824,70826],{"id":70825},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70828,70829,70830,70832,70833,89],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70831,12879],{}," raises an ",[15,70834,70835],{},"IndexError",[43,70837,70839],{"className":45,"code":70838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70840,70841,70849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70842,70843,70845,70847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70844,7897],{"class":58},[52,70846,63],{"class":62},[52,70848,7957],{"class":66},[52,70850,70851,70853,70855,70857],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70852,7928],{"class":58},[52,70854,89],{"class":66},[52,70856,26351],{"class":92},[52,70858,8764],{"class":66},[20,70860,2193],{},[43,70862,70864],{"className":45,"code":70863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70865,70866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70867,70868,70870,70872,70875,70878,70881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70869,70835],{"class":3020},[52,70871,152],{"class":66},[52,70873,70874],{"class":58}," pop ",[52,70876,70877],{"class":3996},"from",[52,70879,70880],{"class":58}," empty ",[52,70882,49994],{"class":3020},[20,70884,39368],{},[154,70886,70887,70892],{},[157,70888,70889,70890],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70891,12879],{},[157,70893,70894,70895,668,70897],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70896,29914],{},[15,70898,29945],{},[20,70900,347],{},[43,70902,70904],{"className":45,"code":70903,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70905,70906,70914,70918,70926,70940,70946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70907,70908,70910,70912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70909,7897],{"class":58},[52,70911,63],{"class":62},[52,70913,7957],{"class":66},[52,70915,70916],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70917,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,70919,70920,70922,70924],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70921,7115],{"class":3996},[52,70923,6085],{"class":58},[52,70925,6514],{"class":66},[52,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934,70936,70938],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,70929,8188],{"class":118},[52,70931,122],{"class":66},[52,70933,7928],{"class":92},[52,70935,89],{"class":66},[52,70937,26351],{"class":92},[52,70939,7312],{"class":66},[52,70941,70942,70944],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,70943,27544],{"class":3996},[52,70945,6514],{"class":66},[52,70947,70948,70950,70952,70954,70957,70959],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,70949,8188],{"class":118},[52,70951,122],{"class":66},[52,70953,189],{"class":188},[52,70955,70956],{"class":192},"The list is empty.",[52,70958,189],{"class":188},[52,70960,127],{"class":66},[1324,70962,70964],{"id":70963},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70966,70967,70968,89],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70969,70835],{},[43,70971,70973],{"className":45,"code":70972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70974,70975,70995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70976,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70978,59],{"class":58},[52,70980,63],{"class":62},[52,70982,3743],{"class":66},[52,70984,2452],{"class":70},[52,70986,74],{"class":66},[52,70988,7908],{"class":70},[52,70990,74],{"class":66},[52,70992,7913],{"class":70},[52,70994,3756],{"class":66},[52,70996,70997,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,70998,86],{"class":58},[52,71000,89],{"class":66},[52,71002,26351],{"class":92},[52,71004,122],{"class":66},[52,71006,1705],{"class":70},[52,71008,127],{"class":66},[20,71010,2193],{},[43,71012,71014],{"className":45,"code":71013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71015,71016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71017,71018,71020,71022,71025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71019,70835],{"class":3020},[52,71021,152],{"class":66},[52,71023,71024],{"class":58}," pop index out of ",[52,71026,71027],{"class":118},"range\n",[20,71029,39368],{},[154,71031,71032,71037],{},[157,71033,71034,71035],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71036,42469],{},[157,71038,71039],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[43,71041,71043],{"className":45,"code":71042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71044,71045,71065,71074,71078,71100,71118,71124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71046,71047,71049,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061,71063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71048,59],{"class":58},[52,71050,63],{"class":62},[52,71052,3743],{"class":66},[52,71054,2452],{"class":70},[52,71056,74],{"class":66},[52,71058,7908],{"class":70},[52,71060,74],{"class":66},[52,71062,7913],{"class":70},[52,71064,3756],{"class":66},[52,71066,71067,71070,71072],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71068,71069],{"class":58},"index ",[52,71071,63],{"class":62},[52,71073,45698],{"class":70},[52,71075,71076],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71077,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,71079,71080,71082,71084,71087,71090,71092,71094,71096,71098],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,71081,7115],{"class":3996},[52,71083,3952],{"class":70},[52,71085,71086],{"class":62}," \u003C=",[52,71088,71089],{"class":58}," index ",[52,71091,3409],{"class":62},[52,71093,38492],{"class":118},[52,71095,122],{"class":66},[52,71097,86],{"class":92},[52,71099,8462],{"class":66},[52,71101,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,71103,8188],{"class":118},[52,71105,122],{"class":66},[52,71107,86],{"class":92},[52,71109,89],{"class":66},[52,71111,26351],{"class":92},[52,71113,122],{"class":66},[52,71115,35955],{"class":92},[52,71117,2150],{"class":66},[52,71119,71120,71122],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,71121,27544],{"class":3996},[52,71123,6514],{"class":66},[52,71125,71126,71128,71130,71132,71135,71137],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,71127,8188],{"class":118},[52,71129,122],{"class":66},[52,71131,189],{"class":188},[52,71133,71134],{"class":192},"Index is out of range.",[52,71136,189],{"class":188},[52,71138,127],{"class":66},[20,71140,71141,71142,89],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[30,71143,69363],{"href":69362},[1324,71145,71147],{"id":71146},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71149,71150,71152],{},[15,71151,12879],{}," expects an integer index.",[43,71154,71156],{"className":45,"code":71155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71157,71158,71178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71159,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71161,59],{"class":58},[52,71163,63],{"class":62},[52,71165,3743],{"class":66},[52,71167,2452],{"class":70},[52,71169,74],{"class":66},[52,71171,7908],{"class":70},[52,71173,74],{"class":66},[52,71175,7913],{"class":70},[52,71177,3756],{"class":66},[52,71179,71180,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71181,86],{"class":58},[52,71183,89],{"class":66},[52,71185,26351],{"class":92},[52,71187,122],{"class":66},[52,71189,189],{"class":188},[52,71191,71],{"class":192},[52,71193,189],{"class":188},[52,71195,127],{"class":66},[20,71197,2193],{},[43,71199,71201],{"className":45,"code":71200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71202,71203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71204,71205,71207,71209,71211,71213,71215,71217,71220,71223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71206,1713],{"class":3020},[52,71208,152],{"class":66},[52,71210,3415],{"class":188},[52,71212,3564],{"class":192},[52,71214,3420],{"class":188},[52,71216,24727],{"class":3020},[52,71218,71219],{"class":58}," cannot be interpreted ",[52,71221,71222],{"class":3996},"as",[52,71224,71225],{"class":58}," an integer\n",[20,71227,39368],{},[154,71229,71230,71239],{},[157,71231,71232,71233,2311,71235,2315,71237],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71234,2243],{},[15,71236,71],{},[15,71238,65959],{},[157,71240,71241],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[43,71243,71245],{"className":45,"code":71244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71246,71247,71267,71285,71289,71307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71248,71249,71251,71253,71255,71257,71259,71261,71263,71265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71250,59],{"class":58},[52,71252,63],{"class":62},[52,71254,3743],{"class":66},[52,71256,2452],{"class":70},[52,71258,74],{"class":66},[52,71260,7908],{"class":70},[52,71262,74],{"class":66},[52,71264,7913],{"class":70},[52,71266,3756],{"class":66},[52,71268,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279,71281,71283],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71270,71069],{"class":58},[52,71272,63],{"class":62},[52,71274,45385],{"class":3020},[52,71276,122],{"class":66},[52,71278,189],{"class":188},[52,71280,71],{"class":192},[52,71282,189],{"class":188},[52,71284,127],{"class":66},[52,71286,71287],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71288,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,71290,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,71292,119],{"class":118},[52,71294,122],{"class":66},[52,71296,86],{"class":92},[52,71298,89],{"class":66},[52,71300,26351],{"class":92},[52,71302,122],{"class":66},[52,71304,35955],{"class":92},[52,71306,2150],{"class":66},[52,71308,71309,71311,71313,71315],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,71310,119],{"class":118},[52,71312,122],{"class":66},[52,71314,86],{"class":92},[52,71316,127],{"class":66},[20,71318,2193],{},[43,71320,71322],{"className":45,"code":71321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71323,71324,71329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71325,71326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71327,71328],{"class":70},"20\n",[52,71330,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71332,4020],{"class":66},[52,71334,2452],{"class":70},[52,71336,74],{"class":66},[52,71338,7913],{"class":70},[52,71340,3756],{"class":66},[38,71342,71344],{"id":71343},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71346,71347],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1324,71349,137,71351,10719],{"id":71350},"use-pop-when",[15,71352,12879],{},[154,71354,71355,71358,71361],{},[157,71356,71357],{},"you want to remove by index",[157,71359,71360],{},"you want the removed item returned",[157,71362,71363],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1324,71365,137,71367,10719],{"id":71366},"use-remove-when",[15,71368,55638],{},[154,71370,71371,71374],{},[157,71372,71373],{},"you want to remove by value",[157,71375,71376],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71378,71379],{},"Compare these examples:",[43,71381,71383],{"className":45,"code":71382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71384,71385,71409,71413,71431,71441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71386,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401,71403,71405,71407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71388,59],{"class":58},[52,71390,63],{"class":62},[52,71392,3743],{"class":66},[52,71394,2452],{"class":70},[52,71396,74],{"class":66},[52,71398,7908],{"class":70},[52,71400,74],{"class":66},[52,71402,7913],{"class":70},[52,71404,74],{"class":66},[52,71406,7908],{"class":70},[52,71408,3756],{"class":66},[52,71410,71411],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71412,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,71414,71415,71417,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71416,70038],{"class":58},[52,71418,63],{"class":62},[52,71420,479],{"class":58},[52,71422,89],{"class":66},[52,71424,26351],{"class":92},[52,71426,122],{"class":66},[52,71428,71],{"class":70},[52,71430,127],{"class":66},[52,71432,71433,71435,71437,71439],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,71434,119],{"class":118},[52,71436,122],{"class":66},[52,71438,70061],{"class":92},[52,71440,127],{"class":66},[52,71442,71443,71445,71447,71449],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,71444,119],{"class":118},[52,71446,122],{"class":66},[52,71448,86],{"class":92},[52,71450,127],{"class":66},[20,71452,2193],{},[43,71454,71456],{"className":45,"code":71455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71457,71458,71462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71459,71460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71461,71328],{"class":70},[52,71463,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71465,4020],{"class":66},[52,71467,2452],{"class":70},[52,71469,74],{"class":66},[52,71471,7913],{"class":70},[52,71473,74],{"class":66},[52,71475,7908],{"class":70},[52,71477,3756],{"class":66},[43,71479,71481],{"className":45,"code":71480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71482,71483,71507,71511,71525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71484,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71486,59],{"class":58},[52,71488,63],{"class":62},[52,71490,3743],{"class":66},[52,71492,2452],{"class":70},[52,71494,74],{"class":66},[52,71496,7908],{"class":70},[52,71498,74],{"class":66},[52,71500,7913],{"class":70},[52,71502,74],{"class":66},[52,71504,7908],{"class":70},[52,71506,3756],{"class":66},[52,71508,71509],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71510,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,71512,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71514,86],{"class":58},[52,71516,89],{"class":66},[52,71518,34902],{"class":92},[52,71520,122],{"class":66},[52,71522,15867],{"class":70},[52,71524,127],{"class":66},[52,71526,71527,71529,71531,71533],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,71528,119],{"class":118},[52,71530,122],{"class":66},[52,71532,86],{"class":92},[52,71534,127],{"class":66},[20,71536,2193],{},[43,71538,71540],{"className":45,"code":71539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71541,71542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71543,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71545,4020],{"class":66},[52,71547,2452],{"class":70},[52,71549,74],{"class":66},[52,71551,7913],{"class":70},[52,71553,74],{"class":66},[52,71555,7908],{"class":70},[52,71557,3756],{"class":66},[20,71559,71560,71561,71564,71565,89],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71562,71563],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71566,71],{},[20,71568,56714,71569,71572,71573,89],{},[15,71570,71571],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71574,15867],{},[20,71576,71577,71578,89],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[30,71579,55177],{"href":55176},[38,71581,2948],{"id":2947},[20,71583,71584,71585,152],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71586,12879],{},[154,71588,71589,71592,71595,71601,71605],{},[157,71590,71591],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[157,71593,71594],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[157,71596,37310,71597,8826,71599],{},[15,71598,12879],{},[15,71600,55638],{},[157,71602,8574,71603,62080],{},[15,71604,12879],{},[157,71606,71607],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71609,71610],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[43,71612,71614],{"className":45,"code":71613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71615,71616,71626,71640,71654,71672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71617,71618,71620,71622,71624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71619,119],{"class":118},[52,71621,122],{"class":66},[52,71623,8459],{"class":92},[52,71625,127],{"class":66},[52,71627,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636,71638],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71629,119],{"class":118},[52,71631,122],{"class":66},[52,71633,11279],{"class":118},[52,71635,122],{"class":66},[52,71637,8459],{"class":92},[52,71639,2150],{"class":66},[52,71641,71642,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71643,119],{"class":118},[52,71645,122],{"class":66},[52,71647,8459],{"class":92},[52,71649,89],{"class":66},[52,71651,26351],{"class":92},[52,71653,7312],{"class":66},[52,71655,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,71657,119],{"class":118},[52,71659,122],{"class":66},[52,71661,8459],{"class":92},[52,71663,89],{"class":66},[52,71665,26351],{"class":92},[52,71667,122],{"class":66},[52,71669,2243],{"class":70},[52,71671,2150],{"class":66},[52,71673,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,71675,119],{"class":118},[52,71677,122],{"class":66},[52,71679,3340],{"class":3020},[52,71681,122],{"class":66},[52,71683,35955],{"class":92},[52,71685,2150],{"class":66},[20,71687,71688],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[154,71690,71691,71697],{},[157,71692,71693,71696],{},[15,71694,71695],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[157,71698,71699,71702],{},[15,71700,71701],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71704,71705,71706,71709],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71707,71708],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[38,71711,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,71713,71715],{"id":71714},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71717,71718,71719,71721],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71720,12879],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1324,71723,71725],{"id":71724},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71727,71728,71730,71731,71733,71734,89],{},[15,71729,12879],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71732,55638],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71735,445],{},[1324,71737,71739],{"id":71738},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71741,71742,71743,71746],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71744,71745],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1324,71748,71750],{"id":71749},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71752,71753,71754,71756],{},"Python raises ",[15,71755,70835],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[38,71758,1996],{"id":1995},[154,71760,71761,71765,71770,71775,71780],{},[157,71762,71763],{},[30,71764,55624],{"href":55176},[157,71766,71767],{},[30,71768,71769],{"href":55181},"Python list remove() method",[157,71771,71772],{},[30,71773,71774],{"href":59073},"Python list index() method",[157,71776,71777],{},[30,71778,71779],{"href":51088},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[157,71781,71782],{},[30,71783,69363],{"href":69362},[2044,71785,71786],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":71788},[71789,71790,71791,71792,71793,71794,71795,71800,71806,71807,71813],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":69964,"depth":83,"text":69965},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":70274,"depth":83,"text":70275},{"id":70403,"depth":83,"text":70404},{"id":70674,"depth":83,"text":70675},{"id":70821,"depth":83,"text":70822,"children":71796},[71797,71798,71799],{"id":70825,"depth":115,"text":70826},{"id":70963,"depth":115,"text":70964},{"id":71146,"depth":115,"text":71147},{"id":71343,"depth":83,"text":71344,"children":71801},[71802,71804],{"id":71350,"depth":115,"text":71803},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71366,"depth":115,"text":71805},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":71808},[71809,71810,71811,71812],{"id":71714,"depth":115,"text":71715},{"id":71724,"depth":115,"text":71725},{"id":71738,"depth":115,"text":71739},{"id":71749,"depth":115,"text":71750},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69831,"description":71814},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71821,"title":71822,"body":71823,"description":73609,"extension":2083,"meta":73610,"navigation":240,"path":73611,"seo":73612,"stem":73613,"__hash__":73614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71824,"toc":73591},[71825,71828,71833,71839,71841,71911,71917,71921,71926,71947,71950,72017,72019,72040,72048,72050,72069,72085,72087,72152,72154,72179,72181,72183,72248,72250,72275,72277,72291,72294,72347,72349,72370,72374,72382,72455,72457,72490,72496,72502,72593,72595,72620,72626,72715,72717,72741,72743,72747,72802,72804,72836,72839,72842,72936,72938,72971,72977,72983,72987,72994,73020,73024,73089,73091,73116,73120,73201,73203,73232,73237,73242,73248,73252,73259,73281,73285,73344,73346,73370,73379,73384,73386,73390,73419,73421,73496,73499,73513,73519,73521,73525,73528,73532,73537,73541,73550,73554,73562,73564,73588],[10,71826,71822],{"id":71827},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71829,2100,71830,71832],{},[15,71831,55184],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71834,71835,71836,71838],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[984,71837,2593],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[38,71840,2125],{"id":2124},[43,71842,71844],{"className":45,"code":71843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71845,71846,71878,71896,71906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71847,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71849,7897],{"class":58},[52,71851,63],{"class":62},[52,71853,3743],{"class":66},[52,71855,189],{"class":188},[52,71857,1125],{"class":192},[52,71859,189],{"class":188},[52,71861,74],{"class":66},[52,71863,200],{"class":188},[52,71865,1145],{"class":192},[52,71867,189],{"class":188},[52,71869,74],{"class":66},[52,71871,200],{"class":188},[52,71873,1216],{"class":192},[52,71875,189],{"class":188},[52,71877,3756],{"class":66},[52,71879,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71881,7928],{"class":58},[52,71883,89],{"class":66},[52,71885,34902],{"class":92},[52,71887,122],{"class":66},[52,71889,189],{"class":188},[52,71891,1145],{"class":192},[52,71893,189],{"class":188},[52,71895,127],{"class":66},[52,71897,71898,71900,71902,71904],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71899,119],{"class":118},[52,71901,122],{"class":66},[52,71903,7928],{"class":92},[52,71905,127],{"class":66},[52,71907,71908],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,71909,71910],{"class":133},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71912,137,71913,71916],{},[15,71914,71915],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[38,71918,71920],{"id":71919},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71922,71923,71925],{},[15,71924,55638],{}," is a list method that:",[154,71927,71928,71934,71939,71944],{},[157,71929,71930,71931,71933],{},"Deletes the ",[984,71932,30019],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[157,71935,71936,71937],{},"Changes the original list ",[984,71938,11451],{},[157,71940,1937,71941,71943],{},[984,71942,986],{}," return a new list",[157,71945,71946],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71948,71949],{},"This is important for beginners:",[43,71951,71953],{"className":45,"code":71952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71954,71955,71975,71993,71997,72007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71956,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71958,59],{"class":58},[52,71960,63],{"class":62},[52,71962,3743],{"class":66},[52,71964,71],{"class":70},[52,71966,74],{"class":66},[52,71968,77],{"class":70},[52,71970,74],{"class":66},[52,71972,104],{"class":70},[52,71974,3756],{"class":66},[52,71976,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,71978,474],{"class":58},[52,71980,63],{"class":62},[52,71982,479],{"class":58},[52,71984,89],{"class":66},[52,71986,34902],{"class":92},[52,71988,122],{"class":66},[52,71990,99],{"class":70},[52,71992,127],{"class":66},[52,71994,71995],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71996,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,71998,71999,72001,72003,72005],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,72000,119],{"class":118},[52,72002,122],{"class":66},[52,72004,86],{"class":92},[52,72006,127],{"class":66},[52,72008,72009,72011,72013,72015],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,72010,119],{"class":118},[52,72012,122],{"class":66},[52,72014,507],{"class":92},[52,72016,127],{"class":66},[20,72018,2193],{},[43,72020,72022],{"className":45,"code":72021,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72023,72024,72036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72025,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72027,4020],{"class":66},[52,72029,71],{"class":70},[52,72031,74],{"class":66},[52,72033,104],{"class":70},[52,72035,3756],{"class":66},[52,72037,72038],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72039,11924],{"class":3971},[20,72041,72042,72043,72045,72046,89],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72044,55638],{}," itself returned ",[15,72047,445],{},[38,72049,5549],{"id":5548},[43,72051,72053],{"className":45,"code":72052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72054,72055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72056,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72058,8213],{"class":3020},[52,72060,89],{"class":66},[52,72062,34902],{"class":92},[52,72064,122],{"class":66},[52,72066,2593],{"class":92},[52,72068,127],{"class":66},[154,72070,72071,72076,72079],{},[157,72072,72073,72075],{},[15,72074,2593],{}," is the item you want to delete",[157,72077,72078],{},"Python searches from left to right",[157,72080,72081,72082,72084],{},"Only the ",[984,72083,30019],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72086,347],{},[43,72088,72090],{"className":45,"code":72089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72091,72092,72124,72142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72093,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72095,921],{"class":58},[52,72097,63],{"class":62},[52,72099,3743],{"class":66},[52,72101,189],{"class":188},[52,72103,30],{"class":192},[52,72105,189],{"class":188},[52,72107,74],{"class":66},[52,72109,200],{"class":188},[52,72111,1393],{"class":192},[52,72113,189],{"class":188},[52,72115,74],{"class":66},[52,72117,200],{"class":188},[52,72119,1491],{"class":192},[52,72121,189],{"class":188},[52,72123,3756],{"class":66},[52,72125,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72127,939],{"class":58},[52,72129,89],{"class":66},[52,72131,34902],{"class":92},[52,72133,122],{"class":66},[52,72135,189],{"class":188},[52,72137,1393],{"class":192},[52,72139,189],{"class":188},[52,72141,127],{"class":66},[52,72143,72144,72146,72148,72150],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72145,119],{"class":118},[52,72147,122],{"class":66},[52,72149,939],{"class":92},[52,72151,127],{"class":66},[20,72153,2193],{},[43,72155,72157],{"className":45,"code":72156,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72158,72159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72160,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175,72177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72162,4020],{"class":66},[52,72164,3420],{"class":188},[52,72166,30],{"class":192},[52,72168,3420],{"class":188},[52,72170,74],{"class":66},[52,72172,3415],{"class":188},[52,72174,1491],{"class":192},[52,72176,3420],{"class":188},[52,72178,3756],{"class":66},[38,72180,5906],{"id":5905},[20,72182,65279],{},[43,72184,72186],{"className":45,"code":72185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72187,72188,72220,72238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72189,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72191,181],{"class":58},[52,72193,63],{"class":62},[52,72195,3743],{"class":66},[52,72197,189],{"class":188},[52,72199,193],{"class":192},[52,72201,189],{"class":188},[52,72203,74],{"class":66},[52,72205,200],{"class":188},[52,72207,203],{"class":192},[52,72209,189],{"class":188},[52,72211,74],{"class":66},[52,72213,200],{"class":188},[52,72215,231],{"class":192},[52,72217,189],{"class":188},[52,72219,3756],{"class":66},[52,72221,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72223,212],{"class":58},[52,72225,89],{"class":66},[52,72227,34902],{"class":92},[52,72229,122],{"class":66},[52,72231,189],{"class":188},[52,72233,203],{"class":192},[52,72235,189],{"class":188},[52,72237,127],{"class":66},[52,72239,72240,72242,72244,72246],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72241,119],{"class":118},[52,72243,122],{"class":66},[52,72245,212],{"class":92},[52,72247,127],{"class":66},[20,72249,2193],{},[43,72251,72253],{"className":45,"code":72252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72254,72255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72256,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72258,4020],{"class":66},[52,72260,3420],{"class":188},[52,72262,193],{"class":192},[52,72264,3420],{"class":188},[52,72266,74],{"class":66},[52,72268,3415],{"class":188},[52,72270,231],{"class":192},[52,72272,3420],{"class":188},[52,72274,3756],{"class":66},[20,72276,656],{},[154,72278,72279,72282,72288],{},[157,72280,72281],{},"A list is created with three values",[157,72283,72284,72287],{},[15,72285,72286],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[157,72289,72290],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72292,72293],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[43,72295,72297],{"className":45,"code":72296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72298,72299,72323,72337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72300,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72302,5181],{"class":58},[52,72304,63],{"class":62},[52,72306,3743],{"class":66},[52,72308,2452],{"class":70},[52,72310,74],{"class":66},[52,72312,7908],{"class":70},[52,72314,74],{"class":66},[52,72316,7913],{"class":70},[52,72318,74],{"class":66},[52,72320,50952],{"class":70},[52,72322,3756],{"class":66},[52,72324,72325,72327,72329,72331,72333,72335],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72326,16502],{"class":58},[52,72328,89],{"class":66},[52,72330,34902],{"class":92},[52,72332,122],{"class":66},[52,72334,36948],{"class":70},[52,72336,127],{"class":66},[52,72338,72339,72341,72343,72345],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72340,119],{"class":118},[52,72342,122],{"class":66},[52,72344,16502],{"class":92},[52,72346,127],{"class":66},[20,72348,2193],{},[43,72350,72352],{"className":45,"code":72351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72353,72354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72355,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72357,4020],{"class":66},[52,72359,2452],{"class":70},[52,72361,74],{"class":66},[52,72363,7908],{"class":70},[52,72365,74],{"class":66},[52,72367,50952],{"class":70},[52,72369,3756],{"class":66},[38,72371,72373],{"id":72372},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72375,65269,72376,72378,72379,72381],{},[15,72377,55638],{}," deletes only the ",[984,72380,30019],{}," one.",[43,72383,72385],{"className":45,"code":72384,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72386,72387,72427,72445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72388,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72390,7897],{"class":58},[52,72392,63],{"class":62},[52,72394,3743],{"class":66},[52,72396,189],{"class":188},[52,72398,1125],{"class":192},[52,72400,189],{"class":188},[52,72402,74],{"class":66},[52,72404,200],{"class":188},[52,72406,1145],{"class":192},[52,72408,189],{"class":188},[52,72410,74],{"class":66},[52,72412,200],{"class":188},[52,72414,1125],{"class":192},[52,72416,189],{"class":188},[52,72418,74],{"class":66},[52,72420,200],{"class":188},[52,72422,1216],{"class":192},[52,72424,189],{"class":188},[52,72426,3756],{"class":66},[52,72428,72429,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72430,7928],{"class":58},[52,72432,89],{"class":66},[52,72434,34902],{"class":92},[52,72436,122],{"class":66},[52,72438,189],{"class":188},[52,72440,1125],{"class":192},[52,72442,189],{"class":188},[52,72444,127],{"class":66},[52,72446,72447,72449,72451,72453],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72448,119],{"class":118},[52,72450,122],{"class":66},[52,72452,7928],{"class":92},[52,72454,127],{"class":66},[20,72456,2193],{},[43,72458,72460],{"className":45,"code":72459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72461,72462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72463,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72465,4020],{"class":66},[52,72467,3420],{"class":188},[52,72469,1145],{"class":192},[52,72471,3420],{"class":188},[52,72473,74],{"class":66},[52,72475,3415],{"class":188},[52,72477,1125],{"class":192},[52,72479,3420],{"class":188},[52,72481,74],{"class":66},[52,72483,3415],{"class":188},[52,72485,1216],{"class":192},[52,72487,3420],{"class":188},[52,72489,3756],{"class":66},[20,72491,72492,72493,72495],{},"Only the first ",[15,72494,57942],{}," was removed.",[20,72497,72498,72499,72501],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72500,55638],{}," again:",[43,72503,72505],{"className":45,"code":72504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72506,72507,72547,72565,72583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72508,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72510,7897],{"class":58},[52,72512,63],{"class":62},[52,72514,3743],{"class":66},[52,72516,189],{"class":188},[52,72518,1125],{"class":192},[52,72520,189],{"class":188},[52,72522,74],{"class":66},[52,72524,200],{"class":188},[52,72526,1145],{"class":192},[52,72528,189],{"class":188},[52,72530,74],{"class":66},[52,72532,200],{"class":188},[52,72534,1125],{"class":192},[52,72536,189],{"class":188},[52,72538,74],{"class":66},[52,72540,200],{"class":188},[52,72542,1216],{"class":192},[52,72544,189],{"class":188},[52,72546,3756],{"class":66},[52,72548,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72550,7928],{"class":58},[52,72552,89],{"class":66},[52,72554,34902],{"class":92},[52,72556,122],{"class":66},[52,72558,189],{"class":188},[52,72560,1125],{"class":192},[52,72562,189],{"class":188},[52,72564,127],{"class":66},[52,72566,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72568,7928],{"class":58},[52,72570,89],{"class":66},[52,72572,34902],{"class":92},[52,72574,122],{"class":66},[52,72576,189],{"class":188},[52,72578,1125],{"class":192},[52,72580,189],{"class":188},[52,72582,127],{"class":66},[52,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,72586,119],{"class":118},[52,72588,122],{"class":66},[52,72590,7928],{"class":92},[52,72592,127],{"class":66},[20,72594,2193],{},[43,72596,72598],{"className":45,"code":72597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72599,72600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72603,4020],{"class":66},[52,72605,3420],{"class":188},[52,72607,1145],{"class":192},[52,72609,3420],{"class":188},[52,72611,74],{"class":66},[52,72613,3415],{"class":188},[52,72615,1216],{"class":192},[52,72617,3420],{"class":188},[52,72619,3756],{"class":66},[20,72621,72622,72623,72625],{},"If you need to remove ",[984,72624,3836],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[43,72627,72629],{"className":45,"code":72628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72630,72631,72671,72705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72632,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72634,7897],{"class":58},[52,72636,63],{"class":62},[52,72638,3743],{"class":66},[52,72640,189],{"class":188},[52,72642,1125],{"class":192},[52,72644,189],{"class":188},[52,72646,74],{"class":66},[52,72648,200],{"class":188},[52,72650,1145],{"class":192},[52,72652,189],{"class":188},[52,72654,74],{"class":66},[52,72656,200],{"class":188},[52,72658,1125],{"class":192},[52,72660,189],{"class":188},[52,72662,74],{"class":66},[52,72664,200],{"class":188},[52,72666,1216],{"class":192},[52,72668,189],{"class":188},[52,72670,3756],{"class":66},[52,72672,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72690,72692,72694,72697,72699,72701,72703],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72674,7897],{"class":58},[52,72676,63],{"class":62},[52,72678,3743],{"class":66},[52,72680,28648],{"class":58},[52,72682,6077],{"class":3996},[52,72684,6080],{"class":58},[52,72686,4003],{"class":3996},[52,72688,72689],{"class":58}," items ",[52,72691,7115],{"class":3996},[52,72693,6080],{"class":58},[52,72695,72696],{"class":62},"!=",[52,72698,200],{"class":188},[52,72700,1125],{"class":192},[52,72702,189],{"class":188},[52,72704,3756],{"class":66},[52,72706,72707,72709,72711,72713],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72708,119],{"class":118},[52,72710,122],{"class":66},[52,72712,7928],{"class":92},[52,72714,127],{"class":66},[20,72716,2193],{},[43,72718,72719],{"className":45,"code":72597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,72720,72721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72724,4020],{"class":66},[52,72726,3420],{"class":188},[52,72728,1145],{"class":192},[52,72730,3420],{"class":188},[52,72732,74],{"class":66},[52,72734,3415],{"class":188},[52,72736,1216],{"class":192},[52,72738,3420],{"class":188},[52,72740,3756],{"class":66},[38,72742,65735],{"id":65734},[20,72744,65738,72745,89],{},[15,72746,40811],{},[43,72748,72750],{"className":45,"code":72749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72751,72752,72784],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72753,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72755,7897],{"class":58},[52,72757,63],{"class":62},[52,72759,3743],{"class":66},[52,72761,189],{"class":188},[52,72763,1125],{"class":192},[52,72765,189],{"class":188},[52,72767,74],{"class":66},[52,72769,200],{"class":188},[52,72771,1145],{"class":192},[52,72773,189],{"class":188},[52,72775,74],{"class":66},[52,72777,200],{"class":188},[52,72779,1216],{"class":192},[52,72781,189],{"class":188},[52,72783,3756],{"class":66},[52,72785,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72787,7928],{"class":58},[52,72789,89],{"class":66},[52,72791,34902],{"class":92},[52,72793,122],{"class":66},[52,72795,189],{"class":188},[52,72797,22642],{"class":192},[52,72799,189],{"class":188},[52,72801,127],{"class":66},[20,72803,2193],{},[43,72805,72807],{"className":45,"code":72806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72808,72809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72810,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72812,40811],{"class":3020},[52,72814,152],{"class":66},[52,72816,22669],{"class":3020},[52,72818,89],{"class":66},[52,72820,34902],{"class":92},[52,72822,122],{"class":66},[52,72824,930],{"class":92},[52,72826,16565],{"class":66},[52,72828,4000],{"class":58},[52,72830,986],{"class":62},[52,72832,21284],{"class":62},[52,72834,72835],{"class":3020}," list\n",[20,72837,72838],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72840,72841],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[43,72843,72845],{"className":45,"code":72844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72846,72847,72879,72891,72895,72907,72922,72926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72848,72849,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859,72861,72863,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72850,7897],{"class":58},[52,72852,63],{"class":62},[52,72854,3743],{"class":66},[52,72856,189],{"class":188},[52,72858,1125],{"class":192},[52,72860,189],{"class":188},[52,72862,74],{"class":66},[52,72864,200],{"class":188},[52,72866,1145],{"class":192},[52,72868,189],{"class":188},[52,72870,74],{"class":66},[52,72872,200],{"class":188},[52,72874,1216],{"class":192},[52,72876,189],{"class":188},[52,72878,3756],{"class":66},[52,72880,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,72882,2568],{"class":58},[52,72884,63],{"class":62},[52,72886,200],{"class":188},[52,72888,22642],{"class":192},[52,72890,3479],{"class":188},[52,72892,72893],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72894,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,72896,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,72898,7115],{"class":3996},[52,72900,21695],{"class":58},[52,72902,4003],{"class":62},[52,72904,6085],{"class":58},[52,72906,6514],{"class":66},[52,72908,72909,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,72910,72911],{"class":58},"    items",[52,72913,89],{"class":66},[52,72915,34902],{"class":92},[52,72917,122],{"class":66},[52,72919,2593],{"class":92},[52,72921,127],{"class":66},[52,72923,72924],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,72925,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,72927,72928,72930,72932,72934],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,72929,119],{"class":118},[52,72931,122],{"class":66},[52,72933,7928],{"class":92},[52,72935,127],{"class":66},[20,72937,2193],{},[43,72939,72941],{"className":45,"code":72940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72942,72943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72944,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72946,4020],{"class":66},[52,72948,3420],{"class":188},[52,72950,1125],{"class":192},[52,72952,3420],{"class":188},[52,72954,74],{"class":66},[52,72956,3415],{"class":188},[52,72958,1145],{"class":192},[52,72960,3420],{"class":188},[52,72962,74],{"class":66},[52,72964,3415],{"class":188},[52,72966,1216],{"class":192},[52,72968,3420],{"class":188},[52,72970,3756],{"class":66},[20,72972,72973,72974,72976],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72975,55638],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72978,72979,72980,89],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[30,72981,65944],{"href":72982},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[38,72984,72986],{"id":72985},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72988,72989,668,72991,72993],{},[15,72990,55638],{},[15,72992,12879],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[154,72995,72996,73003,73009,73015],{},[157,72997,72998,73000,73001],{},[15,72999,55638],{}," deletes by ",[984,73002,2593],{},[157,73004,73005,73000,73007],{},[15,73006,12879],{},[984,73008,35955],{},[157,73010,73011,442,73013],{},[15,73012,55638],{},[15,73014,445],{},[157,73016,73017,73019],{},[15,73018,12879],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73021,1104,73022,152],{},[15,73023,55638],{},[43,73025,73027],{"className":45,"code":73026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73028,73029,73061,73079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73030,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057,73059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73032,7897],{"class":58},[52,73034,63],{"class":62},[52,73036,3743],{"class":66},[52,73038,189],{"class":188},[52,73040,1125],{"class":192},[52,73042,189],{"class":188},[52,73044,74],{"class":66},[52,73046,200],{"class":188},[52,73048,1145],{"class":192},[52,73050,189],{"class":188},[52,73052,74],{"class":66},[52,73054,200],{"class":188},[52,73056,1216],{"class":192},[52,73058,189],{"class":188},[52,73060,3756],{"class":66},[52,73062,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73064,7928],{"class":58},[52,73066,89],{"class":66},[52,73068,34902],{"class":92},[52,73070,122],{"class":66},[52,73072,189],{"class":188},[52,73074,1145],{"class":192},[52,73076,189],{"class":188},[52,73078,127],{"class":66},[52,73080,73081,73083,73085,73087],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73082,119],{"class":118},[52,73084,122],{"class":66},[52,73086,7928],{"class":92},[52,73088,127],{"class":66},[20,73090,2193],{},[43,73092,73094],{"className":45,"code":73093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73095,73096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73097,73098,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73099,4020],{"class":66},[52,73101,3420],{"class":188},[52,73103,1125],{"class":192},[52,73105,3420],{"class":188},[52,73107,74],{"class":66},[52,73109,3415],{"class":188},[52,73111,1216],{"class":192},[52,73113,3420],{"class":188},[52,73115,3756],{"class":66},[20,73117,1104,73118,152],{},[15,73119,12879],{},[43,73121,73123],{"className":45,"code":73122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73124,73125,73157,73176,73180,73190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73126,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73128,7897],{"class":58},[52,73130,63],{"class":62},[52,73132,3743],{"class":66},[52,73134,189],{"class":188},[52,73136,1125],{"class":192},[52,73138,189],{"class":188},[52,73140,74],{"class":66},[52,73142,200],{"class":188},[52,73144,1145],{"class":192},[52,73146,189],{"class":188},[52,73148,74],{"class":66},[52,73150,200],{"class":188},[52,73152,1216],{"class":192},[52,73154,189],{"class":188},[52,73156,3756],{"class":66},[52,73158,73159,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73160,73161],{"class":58},"removed_item ",[52,73163,63],{"class":62},[52,73165,6085],{"class":58},[52,73167,89],{"class":66},[52,73169,26351],{"class":92},[52,73171,122],{"class":66},[52,73173,71],{"class":70},[52,73175,127],{"class":66},[52,73177,73178],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73179,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,73181,73182,73184,73186,73188],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,73183,119],{"class":118},[52,73185,122],{"class":66},[52,73187,7928],{"class":92},[52,73189,127],{"class":66},[52,73191,73192,73194,73196,73199],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,73193,119],{"class":118},[52,73195,122],{"class":66},[52,73197,73198],{"class":92},"removed_item",[52,73200,127],{"class":66},[20,73202,2193],{},[43,73204,73206],{"className":45,"code":73205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73207,73208,73228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73209,73210,73212,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73211,4020],{"class":66},[52,73213,3420],{"class":188},[52,73215,1125],{"class":192},[52,73217,3420],{"class":188},[52,73219,74],{"class":66},[52,73221,3415],{"class":188},[52,73223,1216],{"class":192},[52,73225,3420],{"class":188},[52,73227,3756],{"class":66},[52,73229,73230],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73231,70510],{"class":58},[20,73233,137,73234,73236],{},[15,73235,55638],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73238,137,73239,73241],{},[15,73240,12879],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73243,73244,73245,89],{},"For more detail, see the ",[30,73246,73247],{"href":55188},"Python list pop() method",[38,73249,73251],{"id":73250},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73253,73254,668,73256,73258],{},[15,73255,55638],{},[15,73257,27135],{}," are also different.",[154,73260,73261,73266,73271,73276],{},[157,73262,73263,73265],{},[15,73264,55638],{}," deletes by matching value",[157,73267,73268,73270],{},[15,73269,27135],{}," deletes by index or slice",[157,73272,137,73273,73275],{},[15,73274,27135],{}," when you know the position",[157,73277,137,73278,73280],{},[15,73279,55638],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73282,1104,73283,152],{},[15,73284,27135],{},[43,73286,73288],{"className":45,"code":73287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73289,73290,73322,73334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73291,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73293,7897],{"class":58},[52,73295,63],{"class":62},[52,73297,3743],{"class":66},[52,73299,189],{"class":188},[52,73301,1125],{"class":192},[52,73303,189],{"class":188},[52,73305,74],{"class":66},[52,73307,200],{"class":188},[52,73309,1145],{"class":192},[52,73311,189],{"class":188},[52,73313,74],{"class":66},[52,73315,200],{"class":188},[52,73317,1216],{"class":192},[52,73319,189],{"class":188},[52,73321,3756],{"class":66},[52,73323,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73325,27135],{"class":3996},[52,73327,6085],{"class":58},[52,73329,4020],{"class":66},[52,73331,71],{"class":70},[52,73333,3756],{"class":66},[52,73335,73336,73338,73340,73342],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73337,119],{"class":118},[52,73339,122],{"class":66},[52,73341,7928],{"class":92},[52,73343,127],{"class":66},[20,73345,2193],{},[43,73347,73348],{"className":45,"code":73093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,73349,73350],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73351,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73353,4020],{"class":66},[52,73355,3420],{"class":188},[52,73357,1125],{"class":192},[52,73359,3420],{"class":188},[52,73361,74],{"class":66},[52,73363,3415],{"class":188},[52,73365,1216],{"class":192},[52,73367,3420],{"class":188},[52,73369,3756],{"class":66},[20,73371,73372,73373,73375,73376,73378],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73374,71],{},", not the value ",[15,73377,65379],{}," directly.",[20,73380,73381,73382,89],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[30,73383,55177],{"href":55176},[38,73385,2948],{"id":2947},[20,73387,21322,73388,152],{},[15,73389,55638],{},[154,73391,73392,73395,73400,73407,73416],{},[157,73393,73394],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[157,73396,8574,73397,73399],{},[15,73398,55638],{}," to delete all matching values",[157,73401,12711,73402,73404,73405],{},[15,73403,55638],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73406,445],{},[157,73408,8538,73409,1863,73411,2996,73413,73415],{},[15,73410,55638],{},[15,73412,12879],{},[15,73414,27135],{}," would be a better fit",[157,73417,73418],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73420,71610],{},[43,73422,73424],{"className":45,"code":73423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73425,73426,73436,73450,73468,73482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73427,73428,73430,73432,73434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73429,119],{"class":118},[52,73431,122],{"class":66},[52,73433,8459],{"class":92},[52,73435,127],{"class":66},[52,73437,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73439,119],{"class":118},[52,73441,122],{"class":66},[52,73443,2568],{"class":92},[52,73445,4003],{"class":3996},[52,73447,8516],{"class":92},[52,73449,127],{"class":66},[52,73451,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73453,119],{"class":118},[52,73455,122],{"class":66},[52,73457,8459],{"class":92},[52,73459,89],{"class":66},[52,73461,41367],{"class":92},[52,73463,122],{"class":66},[52,73465,2593],{"class":92},[52,73467,2150],{"class":66},[52,73469,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,73471,119],{"class":118},[52,73473,122],{"class":66},[52,73475,3340],{"class":3020},[52,73477,122],{"class":66},[52,73479,8459],{"class":92},[52,73481,2150],{"class":66},[52,73483,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,73485,32262],{"class":118},[52,73487,122],{"class":66},[52,73489,8213],{"class":3020},[52,73491,89],{"class":66},[52,73493,34902],{"class":24860},[52,73495,127],{"class":66},[20,73497,73498],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[154,73500,73501,73504,73507,73510],{},[157,73502,73503],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[157,73505,73506],{},"How many times does it appear?",[157,73508,73509],{},"Am I working with a list?",[157,73511,73512],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73514,73515,73516,73518],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[30,73517,71774],{"href":59073}," may also help.",[38,73520,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,73522,73524],{"id":73523},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73526,73527],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1324,73529,73531],{"id":73530},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73533,5266,73534,73536],{},[15,73535,445],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1324,73538,73540],{"id":73539},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73542,73543,73544,73547,73548,89],{},"Check with ",[15,73545,73546],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73549,55638],{},[1324,73551,73553],{"id":73552},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73555,137,73556,73558,73559,73561],{},[15,73557,55638],{}," for a value and ",[15,73560,12879],{}," for an index.",[38,73563,1996],{"id":1995},[154,73565,73566,73570,73574,73578,73582],{},[157,73567,73568],{},[30,73569,55624],{"href":55176},[157,73571,73572],{},[30,73573,73247],{"href":55188},[157,73575,73576],{},[30,73577,71774],{"href":59073},[157,73579,73580],{},[30,73581,65944],{"href":72982},[157,73583,73584],{},[30,73585,73587],{"href":73586},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2044,73589,73590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":73592},[73593,73594,73595,73596,73597,73598,73599,73600,73601,73602,73608],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":71919,"depth":83,"text":71920},{"id":5548,"depth":83,"text":5549},{"id":5905,"depth":83,"text":5906},{"id":72372,"depth":83,"text":72373},{"id":65734,"depth":83,"text":65735},{"id":72985,"depth":83,"text":72986},{"id":73250,"depth":83,"text":73251},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":73603},[73604,73605,73606,73607],{"id":73523,"depth":115,"text":73524},{"id":73530,"depth":115,"text":73531},{"id":73539,"depth":115,"text":73540},{"id":73552,"depth":115,"text":73553},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71822,"description":73609},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73616,"title":73617,"body":73618,"description":75509,"extension":2083,"meta":75510,"navigation":240,"path":75511,"seo":75512,"stem":75513,"__hash__":75514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73619,"toc":75479},[73620,73626,73632,73635,73646,73648,73697,73702,73707,73711,73726,73728,73793,73795,73836,73838,73840,73855,73857,73868,73870,73927,73929,73962,73964,73967,74016,74018,74043,74045,74061,74067,74074,74135,74137,74170,74175,74178,74258,74260,74321,74327,74331,74334,74398,74400,74425,74427,74447,74449,74498,74500,74521,74530,74533,74537,74542,74587,74589,74610,74616,74621,74629,74693,74695,74732,74738,74742,74749,74814,74816,74853,74857,74874,74884,74889,74894,74905,74912,74914,74920,74943,74946,74973,74978,74981,75082,75084,75139,75142,75249,75251,75322,75325,75351,75353,75358,75362,75370,75375,75380,75386,75391,75395,75398,75415,75418,75438,75446,75448,75476],[10,73621,54451,73623,18],{"id":73622},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73624,73625],{},"reverse()",[20,73627,73628,73631],{},[15,73629,73630],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73633,73634],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73636,73637,73638,73640,73641,73645],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73639,73625],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[30,73642,73644],{"href":73643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[38,73647,41],{"id":40},[43,73649,73651],{"className":45,"code":73650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73652,73653,73673,73684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73654,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73656,59],{"class":58},[52,73658,63],{"class":62},[52,73660,3743],{"class":66},[52,73662,71],{"class":70},[52,73664,74],{"class":66},[52,73666,77],{"class":70},[52,73668,74],{"class":66},[52,73670,104],{"class":70},[52,73672,3756],{"class":66},[52,73674,73675,73677,73679,73682],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73676,86],{"class":58},[52,73678,89],{"class":66},[52,73680,73681],{"class":92},"reverse",[52,73683,8764],{"class":66},[52,73685,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73687,119],{"class":118},[52,73689,122],{"class":66},[52,73691,86],{"class":92},[52,73693,3782],{"class":66},[52,73695,73696],{"class":133},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73698,73699,73701],{},[15,73700,73625],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[38,73703,144,73705,147],{"id":73704},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73706,73630],{},[20,73708,73709,152],{},[15,73710,73630],{},[154,73712,73713,73716,73719,73723],{},[157,73714,73715],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[157,73717,73718],{},"Changes the original list directly",[157,73720,1335,73721],{},[15,73722,445],{},[157,73724,73725],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73727,347],{},[43,73729,73731],{"className":45,"code":73730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73732,73733,73773,73783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73734,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73736,921],{"class":58},[52,73738,63],{"class":62},[52,73740,3743],{"class":66},[52,73742,189],{"class":188},[52,73744,30],{"class":192},[52,73746,189],{"class":188},[52,73748,74],{"class":66},[52,73750,200],{"class":188},[52,73752,1393],{"class":192},[52,73754,189],{"class":188},[52,73756,74],{"class":66},[52,73758,200],{"class":188},[52,73760,1491],{"class":192},[52,73762,189],{"class":188},[52,73764,74],{"class":66},[52,73766,200],{"class":188},[52,73768,18879],{"class":192},[52,73770,189],{"class":188},[52,73772,3756],{"class":66},[52,73774,73775,73777,73779,73781],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73776,939],{"class":58},[52,73778,89],{"class":66},[52,73780,73681],{"class":92},[52,73782,8764],{"class":66},[52,73784,73785,73787,73789,73791],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73786,119],{"class":118},[52,73788,122],{"class":66},[52,73790,939],{"class":92},[52,73792,127],{"class":66},[20,73794,2193],{},[43,73796,73798],{"className":45,"code":73797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73799,73800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73801,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73803,4020],{"class":66},[52,73805,3420],{"class":188},[52,73807,18879],{"class":192},[52,73809,3420],{"class":188},[52,73811,74],{"class":66},[52,73813,3415],{"class":188},[52,73815,1491],{"class":192},[52,73817,3420],{"class":188},[52,73819,74],{"class":66},[52,73821,3415],{"class":188},[52,73823,1393],{"class":192},[52,73825,3420],{"class":188},[52,73827,74],{"class":66},[52,73829,3415],{"class":188},[52,73831,30],{"class":192},[52,73833,3420],{"class":188},[52,73835,3756],{"class":66},[38,73837,268],{"id":267},[20,73839,2282],{},[43,73841,73843],{"className":45,"code":73842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73844,73845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73846,73847,73849,73851,73853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73848,8459],{"class":58},[52,73850,89],{"class":66},[52,73852,73681],{"class":92},[52,73854,8764],{"class":66},[20,73856,13169],{},[154,73858,73859,73862,73865],{},[157,73860,73861],{},"No arguments are needed",[157,73863,73864],{},"You call it on an existing list",[157,73866,73867],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73869,347],{},[43,73871,73873],{"className":45,"code":73872,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73874,73875,73907,73917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73876,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73878,181],{"class":58},[52,73880,63],{"class":62},[52,73882,3743],{"class":66},[52,73884,189],{"class":188},[52,73886,193],{"class":192},[52,73888,189],{"class":188},[52,73890,74],{"class":66},[52,73892,200],{"class":188},[52,73894,231],{"class":192},[52,73896,189],{"class":188},[52,73898,74],{"class":66},[52,73900,200],{"class":188},[52,73902,203],{"class":192},[52,73904,189],{"class":188},[52,73906,3756],{"class":66},[52,73908,73909,73911,73913,73915],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73910,212],{"class":58},[52,73912,89],{"class":66},[52,73914,73681],{"class":92},[52,73916,8764],{"class":66},[52,73918,73919,73921,73923,73925],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73920,119],{"class":118},[52,73922,122],{"class":66},[52,73924,212],{"class":92},[52,73926,127],{"class":66},[20,73928,2193],{},[43,73930,73932],{"className":45,"code":73931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73933,73934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73935,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73937,4020],{"class":66},[52,73939,3420],{"class":188},[52,73941,203],{"class":192},[52,73943,3420],{"class":188},[52,73945,74],{"class":66},[52,73947,3415],{"class":188},[52,73949,231],{"class":192},[52,73951,3420],{"class":188},[52,73953,74],{"class":66},[52,73955,3415],{"class":188},[52,73957,193],{"class":192},[52,73959,3420],{"class":188},[52,73961,3756],{"class":66},[38,73963,11592],{"id":11591},[20,73965,73966],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[43,73968,73970],{"className":45,"code":73969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73971,73972,73996,74006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73973,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73975,59],{"class":58},[52,73977,63],{"class":62},[52,73979,3743],{"class":66},[52,73981,2452],{"class":70},[52,73983,74],{"class":66},[52,73985,7908],{"class":70},[52,73987,74],{"class":66},[52,73989,7913],{"class":70},[52,73991,74],{"class":66},[52,73993,50952],{"class":70},[52,73995,3756],{"class":66},[52,73997,73998,74000,74002,74004],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,73999,86],{"class":58},[52,74001,89],{"class":66},[52,74003,73681],{"class":92},[52,74005,8764],{"class":66},[52,74007,74008,74010,74012,74014],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74009,119],{"class":118},[52,74011,122],{"class":66},[52,74013,86],{"class":92},[52,74015,127],{"class":66},[20,74017,2193],{},[43,74019,74021],{"className":45,"code":74020,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74022,74023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74024,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74026,4020],{"class":66},[52,74028,56802],{"class":70},[52,74030,74],{"class":66},[52,74032,7913],{"class":70},[52,74034,74],{"class":66},[52,74036,7908],{"class":70},[52,74038,74],{"class":66},[52,74040,6124],{"class":70},[52,74042,3756],{"class":66},[20,74044,656],{},[154,74046,74047,74053,74058],{},[157,74048,74049,74050],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74051,74052],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[157,74054,74055,74057],{},[15,74056,73625],{}," flips the order",[157,74059,74060],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[38,74062,74064,74066],{"id":74063},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74065,73625],{}," changes the original list",[20,74068,74069,74070,74073],{},"This method is ",[984,74071,74072],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[43,74075,74077],{"className":45,"code":74076,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74078,74079,74111,74121,74125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74080,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103,74105,74107,74109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74082,1116],{"class":58},[52,74084,63],{"class":62},[52,74086,3743],{"class":66},[52,74088,189],{"class":188},[52,74090,1125],{"class":192},[52,74092,189],{"class":188},[52,74094,74],{"class":66},[52,74096,200],{"class":188},[52,74098,1145],{"class":192},[52,74100,189],{"class":188},[52,74102,74],{"class":66},[52,74104,200],{"class":188},[52,74106,4215],{"class":192},[52,74108,189],{"class":188},[52,74110,3756],{"class":66},[52,74112,74113,74115,74117,74119],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74114,1134],{"class":58},[52,74116,89],{"class":66},[52,74118,73681],{"class":92},[52,74120,8764],{"class":66},[52,74122,74123],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74124,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,74126,74127,74129,74131,74133],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,74128,119],{"class":118},[52,74130,122],{"class":66},[52,74132,1134],{"class":92},[52,74134,127],{"class":66},[20,74136,2193],{},[43,74138,74140],{"className":45,"code":74139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74141,74142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74143,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164,74166,74168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74145,4020],{"class":66},[52,74147,3420],{"class":188},[52,74149,4215],{"class":192},[52,74151,3420],{"class":188},[52,74153,74],{"class":66},[52,74155,3415],{"class":188},[52,74157,1145],{"class":192},[52,74159,3420],{"class":188},[52,74161,74],{"class":66},[52,74163,3415],{"class":188},[52,74165,1125],{"class":192},[52,74167,3420],{"class":188},[52,74169,3756],{"class":66},[20,74171,137,74172,74174],{},[15,74173,73625],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74176,74177],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[43,74179,74181],{"className":45,"code":74180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74182,74183,74215,74233,74237,74247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74184,74185,74187,74189,74191,74193,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74186,1116],{"class":58},[52,74188,63],{"class":62},[52,74190,3743],{"class":66},[52,74192,189],{"class":188},[52,74194,1125],{"class":192},[52,74196,189],{"class":188},[52,74198,74],{"class":66},[52,74200,200],{"class":188},[52,74202,1145],{"class":192},[52,74204,189],{"class":188},[52,74206,74],{"class":66},[52,74208,200],{"class":188},[52,74210,4215],{"class":192},[52,74212,189],{"class":188},[52,74214,3756],{"class":66},[52,74216,74217,74220,74222,74224,74227,74229,74231],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74218,74219],{"class":58},"reversed_fruits ",[52,74221,63],{"class":62},[52,74223,52960],{"class":58},[52,74225,74226],{"class":66},"[::",[52,74228,2144],{"class":62},[52,74230,71],{"class":70},[52,74232,3756],{"class":66},[52,74234,74235],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74236,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,74238,74239,74241,74243,74245],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,74240,119],{"class":118},[52,74242,122],{"class":66},[52,74244,1134],{"class":92},[52,74246,127],{"class":66},[52,74248,74249,74251,74253,74256],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,74250,119],{"class":118},[52,74252,122],{"class":66},[52,74254,74255],{"class":92},"reversed_fruits",[52,74257,127],{"class":66},[20,74259,2193],{},[43,74261,74263],{"className":45,"code":74262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74264,74265,74293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74266,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74268,4020],{"class":66},[52,74270,3420],{"class":188},[52,74272,1125],{"class":192},[52,74274,3420],{"class":188},[52,74276,74],{"class":66},[52,74278,3415],{"class":188},[52,74280,1145],{"class":192},[52,74282,3420],{"class":188},[52,74284,74],{"class":66},[52,74286,3415],{"class":188},[52,74288,4215],{"class":192},[52,74290,3420],{"class":188},[52,74292,3756],{"class":66},[52,74294,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74296,4020],{"class":66},[52,74298,3420],{"class":188},[52,74300,4215],{"class":192},[52,74302,3420],{"class":188},[52,74304,74],{"class":66},[52,74306,3415],{"class":188},[52,74308,1145],{"class":192},[52,74310,3420],{"class":188},[52,74312,74],{"class":66},[52,74314,3415],{"class":188},[52,74316,1125],{"class":192},[52,74318,3420],{"class":188},[52,74320,3756],{"class":66},[20,74322,74323,74324,89],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[30,74325,74326],{"href":73643},"Python list slicing explained",[38,74328,74330],{"id":74329},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74332,74333],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[43,74335,74337],{"className":45,"code":74336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74338,74339,74359,74373,74377,74388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74340,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351,74353,74355,74357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74342,59],{"class":58},[52,74344,63],{"class":62},[52,74346,3743],{"class":66},[52,74348,71],{"class":70},[52,74350,74],{"class":66},[52,74352,77],{"class":70},[52,74354,74],{"class":66},[52,74356,104],{"class":70},[52,74358,3756],{"class":66},[52,74360,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74362,55999],{"class":58},[52,74364,63],{"class":62},[52,74366,479],{"class":58},[52,74368,89],{"class":66},[52,74370,73681],{"class":92},[52,74372,8764],{"class":66},[52,74374,74375],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74376,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,74378,74379,74381,74383,74386],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,74380,119],{"class":118},[52,74382,122],{"class":66},[52,74384,74385],{"class":92},"new_list",[52,74387,127],{"class":66},[52,74389,74390,74392,74394,74396],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,74391,119],{"class":118},[52,74393,122],{"class":66},[52,74395,86],{"class":92},[52,74397,127],{"class":66},[20,74399,2193],{},[43,74401,74403],{"className":45,"code":74402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74404,74405,74409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74406,74407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74408,11924],{"class":3971},[52,74410,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74412,4020],{"class":66},[52,74414,488],{"class":70},[52,74416,74],{"class":66},[52,74418,77],{"class":70},[52,74420,74],{"class":66},[52,74422,5616],{"class":70},[52,74424,3756],{"class":66},[20,74426,12016],{},[154,74428,74429,74437,74441],{},[157,74430,74431,74433,74434,74436],{},[15,74432,73625],{}," changes ",[15,74435,86],{}," directly",[157,74438,41013,74439,71943],{},[984,74440,986],{},[157,74442,53762,74443,42263,74445],{},[15,74444,74385],{},[15,74446,445],{},[20,74448,62006],{},[43,74450,74452],{"className":45,"code":74451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74453,74454,74474,74484,74488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74455,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470,74472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74457,59],{"class":58},[52,74459,63],{"class":62},[52,74461,3743],{"class":66},[52,74463,71],{"class":70},[52,74465,74],{"class":66},[52,74467,77],{"class":70},[52,74469,74],{"class":66},[52,74471,104],{"class":70},[52,74473,3756],{"class":66},[52,74475,74476,74478,74480,74482],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74477,86],{"class":58},[52,74479,89],{"class":66},[52,74481,73681],{"class":92},[52,74483,8764],{"class":66},[52,74485,74486],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74487,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,74489,74490,74492,74494,74496],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,74491,119],{"class":118},[52,74493,122],{"class":66},[52,74495,86],{"class":92},[52,74497,127],{"class":66},[20,74499,2193],{},[43,74501,74503],{"className":45,"code":74502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74504,74505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74506,74507,74509,74511,74513,74515,74517,74519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74508,4020],{"class":66},[52,74510,488],{"class":70},[52,74512,74],{"class":66},[52,74514,77],{"class":70},[52,74516,74],{"class":66},[52,74518,5616],{"class":70},[52,74520,3756],{"class":66},[38,74522,74524,1083,74526,74529],{"id":74523},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74525,73625],{},[15,74527,74528],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74531,74532],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1324,74534,74535],{"id":73681},[15,74536,73625],{},[20,74538,74539,74541],{},[15,74540,73625],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[43,74543,74545],{"className":45,"code":74544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74546,74547,74567,74577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563,74565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74550,59],{"class":58},[52,74552,63],{"class":62},[52,74554,3743],{"class":66},[52,74556,488],{"class":70},[52,74558,74],{"class":66},[52,74560,5616],{"class":70},[52,74562,74],{"class":66},[52,74564,77],{"class":70},[52,74566,3756],{"class":66},[52,74568,74569,74571,74573,74575],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74570,86],{"class":58},[52,74572,89],{"class":66},[52,74574,73681],{"class":92},[52,74576,8764],{"class":66},[52,74578,74579,74581,74583,74585],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74580,119],{"class":118},[52,74582,122],{"class":66},[52,74584,86],{"class":92},[52,74586,127],{"class":66},[20,74588,2193],{},[43,74590,74592],{"className":45,"code":74591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74593,74594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74595,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74597,4020],{"class":66},[52,74599,99],{"class":70},[52,74601,74],{"class":66},[52,74603,5616],{"class":70},[52,74605,74],{"class":66},[52,74607,104],{"class":70},[52,74609,3756],{"class":66},[20,74611,74612,74613,74615],{},"Notice that this is ",[984,74614,986],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1324,74617,74619],{"id":74618},"sorted",[15,74620,74528],{},[20,74622,74623,74628],{},[30,74624,74626],{"href":74625},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74627,74528],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[43,74630,74632],{"className":45,"code":74631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74633,74634,74654,74669,74673,74683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74635,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648,74650,74652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74637,59],{"class":58},[52,74639,63],{"class":62},[52,74641,3743],{"class":66},[52,74643,488],{"class":70},[52,74645,74],{"class":66},[52,74647,5616],{"class":70},[52,74649,74],{"class":66},[52,74651,77],{"class":70},[52,74653,3756],{"class":66},[52,74655,74656,74658,74660,74663,74665,74667],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74657,474],{"class":58},[52,74659,63],{"class":62},[52,74661,74662],{"class":118}," sorted",[52,74664,122],{"class":66},[52,74666,86],{"class":92},[52,74668,127],{"class":66},[52,74670,74671],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74672,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,74674,74675,74677,74679,74681],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,74676,119],{"class":118},[52,74678,122],{"class":66},[52,74680,86],{"class":92},[52,74682,127],{"class":66},[52,74684,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,74686,119],{"class":118},[52,74688,122],{"class":66},[52,74690,507],{"class":92},[52,74692,127],{"class":66},[20,74694,2193],{},[43,74696,74698],{"className":45,"code":74697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74699,74700,74716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74701,74702,74704,74706,74708,74710,74712,74714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74703,4020],{"class":66},[52,74705,488],{"class":70},[52,74707,74],{"class":66},[52,74709,5616],{"class":70},[52,74711,74],{"class":66},[52,74713,77],{"class":70},[52,74715,3756],{"class":66},[52,74717,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74719,4020],{"class":66},[52,74721,71],{"class":70},[52,74723,74],{"class":66},[52,74725,77],{"class":70},[52,74727,74],{"class":66},[52,74729,104],{"class":70},[52,74731,3756],{"class":66},[20,74733,74734,74735,89],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74736,74737],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1324,74739,74741],{"id":74740},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74743,74744,74745,74748],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74746,74747],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[43,74750,74752],{"className":45,"code":74751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74753,74754,74774,74790,74794,74804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74755,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770,74772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74757,59],{"class":58},[52,74759,63],{"class":62},[52,74761,3743],{"class":66},[52,74763,488],{"class":70},[52,74765,74],{"class":66},[52,74767,5616],{"class":70},[52,74769,74],{"class":66},[52,74771,77],{"class":70},[52,74773,3756],{"class":66},[52,74775,74776,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74777,474],{"class":58},[52,74779,63],{"class":62},[52,74781,479],{"class":58},[52,74783,74226],{"class":66},[52,74785,2144],{"class":62},[52,74787,71],{"class":70},[52,74789,3756],{"class":66},[52,74791,74792],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74793,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,74795,74796,74798,74800,74802],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,74797,119],{"class":118},[52,74799,122],{"class":66},[52,74801,86],{"class":92},[52,74803,127],{"class":66},[52,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,74807,119],{"class":118},[52,74809,122],{"class":66},[52,74811,507],{"class":92},[52,74813,127],{"class":66},[20,74815,2193],{},[43,74817,74819],{"className":45,"code":74818,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74820,74821,74837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74822,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74824,4020],{"class":66},[52,74826,488],{"class":70},[52,74828,74],{"class":66},[52,74830,5616],{"class":70},[52,74832,74],{"class":66},[52,74834,77],{"class":70},[52,74836,3756],{"class":66},[52,74838,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74840,4020],{"class":66},[52,74842,99],{"class":70},[52,74844,74],{"class":66},[52,74846,5616],{"class":70},[52,74848,74],{"class":66},[52,74850,104],{"class":70},[52,74852,3756],{"class":66},[1324,74854,74856],{"id":74855},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[154,74858,74859,74864,74869],{},[157,74860,137,74861,74863],{},[15,74862,73625],{}," when you want to change the original list",[157,74865,137,74866,74868],{},[15,74867,74747],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[157,74870,137,74871,74873],{},[15,74872,74528],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74875,74876,74877,74883],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[30,74878,74880,74881,10859],{"href":74879},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74882,64417],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[38,74885,5078,74887],{"id":74886},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74888,73625],{},[20,74890,74891,74893],{},[15,74892,73625],{}," is a good choice:",[154,74895,74896,74899,74902],{},[157,74897,74898],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[157,74900,74901],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[157,74903,74904],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74906,74907,74908,89],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[30,74909,74911],{"href":74910},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[38,74913,2948],{"id":2947},[20,74915,74916,74917,74919],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74918,73625],{}," for these reasons:",[154,74921,74922,74926,74931,74936],{},[157,74923,12711,74924,12714],{},[15,74925,73625],{},[157,74927,8574,74928,74930],{},[15,74929,73625],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[157,74932,8538,74933,74935],{},[15,74934,73625],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[157,74937,37310,74938,8826,74940],{},[15,74939,73625],{},[15,74941,74942],{},"reversed()",[20,74944,74945],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[43,74947,74949],{"className":45,"code":74948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74950,74951,74963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74952,74953,74955,74957,74959,74961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74954,34795],{"class":58},[52,74956,63],{"class":62},[52,74958,200],{"class":188},[52,74960,3964],{"class":192},[52,74962,3479],{"class":188},[52,74964,74965,74967,74969,74971],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,74966,34816],{"class":58},[52,74968,89],{"class":66},[52,74970,73681],{"class":92},[52,74972,8764],{"class":66},[20,74974,74975,74976,33707],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74977,73625],{},[20,74979,74980],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[43,74982,74984],{"className":45,"code":74983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74985,74986,75006,75010,75020,75034,75038,75052,75062,75066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74987,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74989,8428],{"class":58},[52,74991,63],{"class":62},[52,74993,3743],{"class":66},[52,74995,71],{"class":70},[52,74997,74],{"class":66},[52,74999,77],{"class":70},[52,75001,74],{"class":66},[52,75003,104],{"class":70},[52,75005,3756],{"class":66},[52,75007,75008],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,75009,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75011,75012,75014,75016,75018],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75013,119],{"class":118},[52,75015,122],{"class":66},[52,75017,8459],{"class":92},[52,75019,127],{"class":66},[52,75021,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030,75032],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,75023,119],{"class":118},[52,75025,122],{"class":66},[52,75027,3340],{"class":3020},[52,75029,122],{"class":66},[52,75031,8459],{"class":92},[52,75033,2150],{"class":66},[52,75035,75036],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,75037,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75039,75040,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,75041,474],{"class":58},[52,75043,63],{"class":62},[52,75045,8516],{"class":58},[52,75047,89],{"class":66},[52,75049,73681],{"class":92},[52,75051,8764],{"class":66},[52,75053,75054,75056,75058,75060],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,75055,119],{"class":118},[52,75057,122],{"class":66},[52,75059,507],{"class":92},[52,75061,127],{"class":66},[52,75063,75064],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,75065,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75067,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,75069,119],{"class":118},[52,75071,122],{"class":66},[52,75073,8459],{"class":92},[52,75075,74226],{"class":66},[52,75077,2144],{"class":62},[52,75079,71],{"class":70},[52,75081,112],{"class":66},[20,75083,2193],{},[43,75085,75087],{"className":45,"code":75086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75088,75089,75105,75119,75123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75090,75091,75093,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75092,4020],{"class":66},[52,75094,71],{"class":70},[52,75096,74],{"class":66},[52,75098,77],{"class":70},[52,75100,74],{"class":66},[52,75102,104],{"class":70},[52,75104,3756],{"class":66},[52,75106,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,75108,3409],{"class":62},[52,75110,3412],{"class":2187},[52,75112,3415],{"class":188},[52,75114,8213],{"class":192},[52,75116,3420],{"class":188},[52,75118,3423],{"class":62},[52,75120,75121],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75122,11924],{"class":3971},[52,75124,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,75126,4020],{"class":66},[52,75128,71],{"class":70},[52,75130,74],{"class":66},[52,75132,77],{"class":70},[52,75134,74],{"class":66},[52,75136,5616],{"class":70},[52,75138,3756],{"class":66},[20,75140,75141],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[43,75143,75145],{"className":45,"code":75144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75146,75147,75167,75171,75181,75195,75199,75213,75223,75233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75148,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163,75165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75150,8428],{"class":58},[52,75152,63],{"class":62},[52,75154,3743],{"class":66},[52,75156,71],{"class":70},[52,75158,74],{"class":66},[52,75160,77],{"class":70},[52,75162,74],{"class":66},[52,75164,104],{"class":70},[52,75166,3756],{"class":66},[52,75168,75169],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,75170,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75172,75173,75175,75177,75179],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75174,119],{"class":118},[52,75176,122],{"class":66},[52,75178,8459],{"class":92},[52,75180,127],{"class":66},[52,75182,75183,75185,75187,75189,75191,75193],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,75184,119],{"class":118},[52,75186,122],{"class":66},[52,75188,3340],{"class":3020},[52,75190,122],{"class":66},[52,75192,8459],{"class":92},[52,75194,2150],{"class":66},[52,75196,75197],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,75198,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75200,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,75202,474],{"class":58},[52,75204,63],{"class":62},[52,75206,8516],{"class":58},[52,75208,89],{"class":66},[52,75210,73681],{"class":92},[52,75212,8764],{"class":66},[52,75214,75215,75217,75219,75221],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,75216,119],{"class":118},[52,75218,122],{"class":66},[52,75220,507],{"class":92},[52,75222,127],{"class":66},[52,75224,75225,75227,75229,75231],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,75226,119],{"class":118},[52,75228,122],{"class":66},[52,75230,8459],{"class":92},[52,75232,127],{"class":66},[52,75234,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245,75247],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,75236,119],{"class":118},[52,75238,122],{"class":66},[52,75240,8459],{"class":92},[52,75242,74226],{"class":66},[52,75244,2144],{"class":62},[52,75246,71],{"class":70},[52,75248,112],{"class":66},[20,75250,2193],{},[43,75252,75254],{"className":45,"code":75253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75255,75256,75272,75286,75290,75306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75257,75258,75260,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75259,4020],{"class":66},[52,75261,71],{"class":70},[52,75263,74],{"class":66},[52,75265,77],{"class":70},[52,75267,74],{"class":66},[52,75269,104],{"class":70},[52,75271,3756],{"class":66},[52,75273,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,75275,3409],{"class":62},[52,75277,3412],{"class":2187},[52,75279,3415],{"class":188},[52,75281,8213],{"class":192},[52,75283,3420],{"class":188},[52,75285,3423],{"class":62},[52,75287,75288],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75289,11924],{"class":3971},[52,75291,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,75293,4020],{"class":66},[52,75295,488],{"class":70},[52,75297,74],{"class":66},[52,75299,77],{"class":70},[52,75301,74],{"class":66},[52,75303,5616],{"class":70},[52,75305,3756],{"class":66},[52,75307,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,75309,4020],{"class":66},[52,75311,71],{"class":70},[52,75313,74],{"class":66},[52,75315,77],{"class":70},[52,75317,74],{"class":66},[52,75319,104],{"class":70},[52,75321,3756],{"class":66},[20,75323,75324],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[154,75326,75327,75336,75345],{},[157,75328,27906,75329,75332,75333],{},[15,75330,75331],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75334,75335],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[157,75337,12032,75338,75341,75342,22669],{},[15,75339,75340],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[984,75343,75344],{},"current",[157,75346,75347,75348],{},"So it prints ",[15,75349,75350],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[38,75352,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,75354,1937,75356,55578],{"id":75355},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75357,73630],{},[20,75359,62708,75360,89],{},[15,75361,445],{},[1324,75363,34312,75365,34315,75367,1964],{"id":75364},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75366,73625],{},[15,75368,75369],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75371,75372,75374],{},[15,75373,73625],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75376,75377,75379],{},[15,75378,75369],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1324,75381,1949,75383,75385],{"id":75382},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75384,73625],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75387,46472,75388,75390],{},[15,75389,73625],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1324,75392,75394],{"id":75393},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75396,75397],{},"Use slicing:",[43,75399,75401],{"className":45,"code":75400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75402,75403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75404,75405,75407,75409,75411,75413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75406,8459],{"class":58},[52,75408,74226],{"class":66},[52,75410,2144],{"class":62},[52,75412,71],{"class":70},[52,75414,3756],{"class":66},[20,75416,75417],{},"Or use:",[43,75419,75421],{"className":45,"code":75420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75422,75423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75424,75425,75427,75429,75432,75434,75436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75426,8213],{"class":3020},[52,75428,122],{"class":66},[52,75430,75431],{"class":118},"reversed",[52,75433,122],{"class":66},[52,75435,8459],{"class":92},[52,75437,2150],{"class":66},[20,75439,75440,75441,75445],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[30,75442,55629,75443],{"href":55069},[15,75444,12893],{}," can also help.",[38,75447,1996],{"id":1995},[154,75449,75450,75456,75462,75466,75470],{},[157,75451,75452],{},[30,75453,55629,75454,10859],{"href":74879},[15,75455,64417],{},[157,75457,75458],{},[30,75459,3697,75460,3630],{"href":74625},[15,75461,74528],{},[157,75463,75464],{},[30,75465,74911],{"href":74910},[157,75467,75468],{},[30,75469,74326],{"href":73643},[157,75471,75472],{},[30,75473,55629,75474,10859],{"href":55069},[15,75475,12893],{},[2044,75477,75478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":75480},[75481,75482,75484,75485,75486,75488,75489,75496,75498,75499,75508],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":73704,"depth":83,"text":75483},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":74063,"depth":83,"text":75487},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74329,"depth":83,"text":74330},{"id":74523,"depth":83,"text":75490,"children":75491},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75492,75493,75494,75495],{"id":73681,"depth":115,"text":73625},{"id":74618,"depth":115,"text":74528},{"id":74740,"depth":115,"text":74741},{"id":74855,"depth":115,"text":74856},{"id":74886,"depth":83,"text":75497},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":75500},[75501,75503,75505,75507],{"id":75355,"depth":115,"text":75502},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75364,"depth":115,"text":75504},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75382,"depth":115,"text":75506},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75393,"depth":115,"text":75394},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73617,"description":75509},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75516,"title":75517,"body":75518,"description":77951,"extension":2083,"meta":77952,"navigation":240,"path":77953,"seo":77954,"stem":77955,"__hash__":77956},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75519,"toc":77919},[75520,75523,75535,75538,75561,75569,75571,75683,75692,75696,75699,75702,75789,75791,75824,75826,75849,75855,75859,75862,75884,75886,75903,75906,75926,75928,76038,76040,76117,76121,76124,76167,76169,76302,76304,76406,76411,76415,76418,76420,76434,76437,76551,76553,76627,76629,76657,76661,76666,76696,76699,76825,76827,76909,76915,76919,76921,76960,76969,76973,76976,76980,77027,77029,77037,77041,77092,77094,77107,77109,77123,77126,77134,77136,77183,77185,77193,77196,77239,77244,77247,77250,77273,77277,77328,77331,77352,77362,77366,77368,77398,77401,77424,77428,77431,77498,77500,77537,77540,77548,77615,77617,77654,77660,77667,77671,77674,77704,77709,77713,77716,77740,77743,77837,77847,77849,77853,77856,77860,77863,77868,77871,77877,77880,77882,77910,77916],[10,75521,75517],{"id":75522},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75524,75525,75526,2311,75528,17186,75531,75534],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75527,36182],{},[15,75529,75530],{},"stop",[15,75532,75533],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75536,75537],{},"The basic slice form is:",[43,75539,75541],{"className":45,"code":75540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75542,75543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75544,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75546,8459],{"class":58},[52,75548,4020],{"class":66},[52,75550,36182],{"class":58},[52,75552,152],{"class":66},[52,75554,75530],{"class":58},[52,75556,152],{"class":66},[52,75558,75533],{"class":58},[52,75560,3756],{"class":66},[20,75562,75563,75564,75566,75567,89],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75565,75530],{}," position is ",[984,75568,65174],{},[38,75570,2125],{"id":2124},[43,75572,75574],{"className":45,"code":75573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75575,75576,75604,75608,75629,75647,75664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75577,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75579,59],{"class":58},[52,75581,63],{"class":62},[52,75583,3743],{"class":66},[52,75585,2452],{"class":70},[52,75587,74],{"class":66},[52,75589,7908],{"class":70},[52,75591,74],{"class":66},[52,75593,7913],{"class":70},[52,75595,74],{"class":66},[52,75597,50952],{"class":70},[52,75599,74],{"class":66},[52,75601,5198],{"class":70},[52,75603,3756],{"class":66},[52,75605,75606],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,75607,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75609,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75611,119],{"class":118},[52,75613,122],{"class":66},[52,75615,86],{"class":92},[52,75617,4020],{"class":66},[52,75619,71],{"class":70},[52,75621,152],{"class":66},[52,75623,391],{"class":70},[52,75625,20557],{"class":66},[52,75627,75628],{"class":133},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[52,75630,75631,75633,75635,75637,75640,75642,75644],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,75632,119],{"class":118},[52,75634,122],{"class":66},[52,75636,86],{"class":92},[52,75638,75639],{"class":66},"[:",[52,75641,488],{"class":70},[52,75643,20557],{"class":66},[52,75645,75646],{"class":133},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[52,75648,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,75650,119],{"class":118},[52,75652,122],{"class":66},[52,75654,86],{"class":92},[52,75656,74226],{"class":66},[52,75658,99],{"class":70},[52,75660,20557],{"class":66},[52,75662,75663],{"class":133},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[52,75665,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,75667,119],{"class":118},[52,75669,122],{"class":66},[52,75671,86],{"class":92},[52,75673,74226],{"class":66},[52,75675,2144],{"class":62},[52,75677,71],{"class":70},[52,75679,20557],{"class":66},[52,75681,75682],{"class":133},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75684,137,75685,75688,75689,75691],{},[15,75686,75687],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75690,75530],{}," value is not included.",[38,75693,75695],{"id":75694},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75697,75698],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75700,75701],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[43,75703,75705],{"className":45,"code":75704,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75706,75707,75755,75759,75778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75708,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75710,921],{"class":58},[52,75712,63],{"class":62},[52,75714,3743],{"class":66},[52,75716,189],{"class":188},[52,75718,30],{"class":192},[52,75720,189],{"class":188},[52,75722,74],{"class":66},[52,75724,200],{"class":188},[52,75726,1393],{"class":192},[52,75728,189],{"class":188},[52,75730,74],{"class":66},[52,75732,200],{"class":188},[52,75734,1491],{"class":192},[52,75736,189],{"class":188},[52,75738,74],{"class":66},[52,75740,200],{"class":188},[52,75742,18879],{"class":192},[52,75744,189],{"class":188},[52,75746,74],{"class":66},[52,75748,200],{"class":188},[52,75750,60556],{"class":192},[52,75752,189],{"class":188},[52,75754,3756],{"class":66},[52,75756,75757],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,75758,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75760,75761,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75762,75763],{"class":58},"part ",[52,75765,63],{"class":62},[52,75767,70200],{"class":58},[52,75769,4020],{"class":66},[52,75771,71],{"class":70},[52,75773,152],{"class":66},[52,75775,391],{"class":70},[52,75777,3756],{"class":66},[52,75779,75780,75782,75784,75787],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,75781,119],{"class":118},[52,75783,122],{"class":66},[52,75785,75786],{"class":92},"part",[52,75788,127],{"class":66},[20,75790,2193],{},[43,75792,75794],{"className":45,"code":75793,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75795,75796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75799,4020],{"class":66},[52,75801,3420],{"class":188},[52,75803,1393],{"class":192},[52,75805,3420],{"class":188},[52,75807,74],{"class":66},[52,75809,3415],{"class":188},[52,75811,1491],{"class":192},[52,75813,3420],{"class":188},[52,75815,74],{"class":66},[52,75817,3415],{"class":188},[52,75819,18879],{"class":192},[52,75821,3420],{"class":188},[52,75823,3756],{"class":66},[20,75825,13169],{},[154,75827,75828,75831,75834,75840,75846],{},[157,75829,75830],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[157,75832,75833],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[157,75835,75836,75837],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75838,75839],{},"list[start:stop]",[157,75841,75842,75843,75845],{},"The item at ",[15,75844,75530],{}," is not included",[157,75847,75848],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75850,75851,75852,89],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[30,75853,75854],{"href":51088},"beginner guide to Python lists",[38,75856,75858],{"id":75857},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75860,75861],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[43,75863,75864],{"className":45,"code":75540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,75865,75866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75867,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75869,8459],{"class":58},[52,75871,4020],{"class":66},[52,75873,36182],{"class":58},[52,75875,152],{"class":66},[52,75877,75530],{"class":58},[52,75879,152],{"class":66},[52,75881,75533],{"class":58},[52,75883,3756],{"class":66},[20,75885,65150],{},[154,75887,75888,75893,75898],{},[157,75889,75890,75892],{},[15,75891,36182],{}," is where slicing begins",[157,75894,75895,75897],{},[15,75896,75530],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[157,75899,75900,75902],{},[15,75901,75533],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75904,75905],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[154,75907,75908,75914,75919],{},[157,75909,75910,75911,75913],{},"Missing ",[15,75912,36182],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[157,75915,75910,75916,75918],{},[15,75917,75530],{}," means go to the end of the list",[157,75920,75910,75921,75923,75924],{},[15,75922,75533],{}," means use ",[15,75925,71],{},[20,75927,347],{},[43,75929,75931],{"className":45,"code":75930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75932,75933,75961,75965,75986,76003,76021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75936,59],{"class":58},[52,75938,63],{"class":62},[52,75940,3743],{"class":66},[52,75942,2452],{"class":70},[52,75944,74],{"class":66},[52,75946,7908],{"class":70},[52,75948,74],{"class":66},[52,75950,7913],{"class":70},[52,75952,74],{"class":66},[52,75954,50952],{"class":70},[52,75956,74],{"class":66},[52,75958,5198],{"class":70},[52,75960,3756],{"class":66},[52,75962,75963],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,75964,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,75966,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75968,119],{"class":118},[52,75970,122],{"class":66},[52,75972,86],{"class":92},[52,75974,4020],{"class":66},[52,75976,71],{"class":70},[52,75978,152],{"class":66},[52,75980,391],{"class":70},[52,75982,20557],{"class":66},[52,75984,75985],{"class":133},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[52,75987,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,75989,119],{"class":118},[52,75991,122],{"class":66},[52,75993,86],{"class":92},[52,75995,75639],{"class":66},[52,75997,488],{"class":70},[52,75999,20557],{"class":66},[52,76001,76002],{"class":133},"    # start from the beginning\n",[52,76004,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76018],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,76006,119],{"class":118},[52,76008,122],{"class":66},[52,76010,86],{"class":92},[52,76012,4020],{"class":66},[52,76014,99],{"class":70},[52,76016,76017],{"class":66},":])",[52,76019,76020],{"class":133},"    # go to the end\n",[52,76022,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,76024,119],{"class":118},[52,76026,122],{"class":66},[52,76028,86],{"class":92},[52,76030,74226],{"class":66},[52,76032,71],{"class":70},[52,76034,20557],{"class":66},[52,76036,76037],{"class":133},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76039,2193],{},[43,76041,76043],{"className":45,"code":76042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76044,76045,76061,76077,76093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76046,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76048,4020],{"class":66},[52,76050,15867],{"class":70},[52,76052,74],{"class":66},[52,76054,7913],{"class":70},[52,76056,74],{"class":66},[52,76058,50952],{"class":70},[52,76060,3756],{"class":66},[52,76062,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76064,4020],{"class":66},[52,76066,2452],{"class":70},[52,76068,74],{"class":66},[52,76070,7908],{"class":70},[52,76072,74],{"class":66},[52,76074,7913],{"class":70},[52,76076,3756],{"class":66},[52,76078,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76080,4020],{"class":66},[52,76082,36948],{"class":70},[52,76084,74],{"class":66},[52,76086,50952],{"class":70},[52,76088,74],{"class":66},[52,76090,5198],{"class":70},[52,76092,3756],{"class":66},[52,76094,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,76096,4020],{"class":66},[52,76098,2452],{"class":70},[52,76100,74],{"class":66},[52,76102,7908],{"class":70},[52,76104,74],{"class":66},[52,76106,7913],{"class":70},[52,76108,74],{"class":66},[52,76110,50952],{"class":70},[52,76112,74],{"class":66},[52,76114,5198],{"class":70},[52,76116,3756],{"class":66},[38,76118,76120],{"id":76119},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76122,76123],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[154,76125,76126,76135,76144,76155,76161],{},[157,76127,76128,76131,76132,6085],{},[15,76129,76130],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76133,76134],{},"n",[157,76136,76137,76140,76141,76143],{},[15,76138,76139],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76142,76134],{}," to the end",[157,76145,76146,76149,76150,76152,76153],{},[15,76147,76148],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76151,30],{}," up to ",[15,76154,1393],{},[157,76156,76157,76160],{},[15,76158,76159],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[157,76162,76163,76166],{},[15,76164,76165],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76168,347],{},[43,76170,76172],{"className":45,"code":76171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76173,76174,76207,76211,76228,76245,76266,76283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76175,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76177,59],{"class":58},[52,76179,63],{"class":62},[52,76181,3743],{"class":66},[52,76183,2452],{"class":70},[52,76185,74],{"class":66},[52,76187,7908],{"class":70},[52,76189,74],{"class":66},[52,76191,7913],{"class":70},[52,76193,74],{"class":66},[52,76195,50952],{"class":70},[52,76197,74],{"class":66},[52,76199,5198],{"class":70},[52,76201,74],{"class":66},[52,76203,76204],{"class":70}," 60",[52,76206,3756],{"class":66},[52,76208,76209],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76210,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,76212,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76214,119],{"class":118},[52,76216,122],{"class":66},[52,76218,86],{"class":92},[52,76220,75639],{"class":66},[52,76222,488],{"class":70},[52,76224,20557],{"class":66},[52,76226,76227],{"class":133},"    # first 3 items\n",[52,76229,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,76231,119],{"class":118},[52,76233,122],{"class":66},[52,76235,86],{"class":92},[52,76237,4020],{"class":66},[52,76239,488],{"class":70},[52,76241,76017],{"class":66},[52,76243,76244],{"class":133},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[52,76246,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,76248,119],{"class":118},[52,76250,122],{"class":66},[52,76252,86],{"class":92},[52,76254,4020],{"class":66},[52,76256,71],{"class":70},[52,76258,152],{"class":66},[52,76260,1705],{"class":70},[52,76262,20557],{"class":66},[52,76264,76265],{"class":133},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[52,76267,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,76269,119],{"class":118},[52,76271,122],{"class":66},[52,76273,86],{"class":92},[52,76275,74226],{"class":66},[52,76277,99],{"class":70},[52,76279,20557],{"class":66},[52,76281,76282],{"class":133},"   # every second item\n",[52,76284,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,76286,119],{"class":118},[52,76288,122],{"class":66},[52,76290,86],{"class":92},[52,76292,74226],{"class":66},[52,76294,2144],{"class":62},[52,76296,71],{"class":70},[52,76298,20557],{"class":66},[52,76300,76301],{"class":133},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76303,2193],{},[43,76305,76307],{"className":45,"code":76306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76308,76309,76325,76341,76361,76377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76310,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76312,4020],{"class":66},[52,76314,2452],{"class":70},[52,76316,74],{"class":66},[52,76318,7908],{"class":70},[52,76320,74],{"class":66},[52,76322,7913],{"class":70},[52,76324,3756],{"class":66},[52,76326,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76328,4020],{"class":66},[52,76330,56802],{"class":70},[52,76332,74],{"class":66},[52,76334,5198],{"class":70},[52,76336,74],{"class":66},[52,76338,76204],{"class":70},[52,76340,3756],{"class":66},[52,76342,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76344,4020],{"class":66},[52,76346,15867],{"class":70},[52,76348,74],{"class":66},[52,76350,7913],{"class":70},[52,76352,74],{"class":66},[52,76354,50952],{"class":70},[52,76356,74],{"class":66},[52,76358,5198],{"class":70},[52,76360,3756],{"class":66},[52,76362,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,76364,4020],{"class":66},[52,76366,2452],{"class":70},[52,76368,74],{"class":66},[52,76370,7913],{"class":70},[52,76372,74],{"class":66},[52,76374,5198],{"class":70},[52,76376,3756],{"class":66},[52,76378,76379,76381,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,76380,4020],{"class":66},[52,76382,76383],{"class":70},"60",[52,76385,74],{"class":66},[52,76387,5198],{"class":70},[52,76389,74],{"class":66},[52,76391,50952],{"class":70},[52,76393,74],{"class":66},[52,76395,7913],{"class":70},[52,76397,74],{"class":66},[52,76399,7908],{"class":70},[52,76401,74],{"class":66},[52,76403,6124],{"class":70},[52,76405,3756],{"class":66},[20,76407,76408,76409,89],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[30,76410,15003],{"href":57328},[38,76412,76414],{"id":76413},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76416,76417],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76419,5590],{},[154,76421,76422,76428],{},[157,76423,76424,76427],{},[15,76425,76426],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[157,76429,76430,76433],{},[15,76431,76432],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76435,76436],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[43,76438,76440],{"className":45,"code":76439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76441,76442,76490,76494,76513,76532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76443,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76445,921],{"class":58},[52,76447,63],{"class":62},[52,76449,3743],{"class":66},[52,76451,189],{"class":188},[52,76453,30],{"class":192},[52,76455,189],{"class":188},[52,76457,74],{"class":66},[52,76459,200],{"class":188},[52,76461,1393],{"class":192},[52,76463,189],{"class":188},[52,76465,74],{"class":66},[52,76467,200],{"class":188},[52,76469,1491],{"class":192},[52,76471,189],{"class":188},[52,76473,74],{"class":66},[52,76475,200],{"class":188},[52,76477,18879],{"class":192},[52,76479,189],{"class":188},[52,76481,74],{"class":66},[52,76483,200],{"class":188},[52,76485,60556],{"class":192},[52,76487,189],{"class":188},[52,76489,3756],{"class":66},[52,76491,76492],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76493,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,76495,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76497,119],{"class":118},[52,76499,122],{"class":66},[52,76501,939],{"class":92},[52,76503,4020],{"class":66},[52,76505,2144],{"class":62},[52,76507,71],{"class":70},[52,76509,20557],{"class":66},[52,76511,76512],{"class":133},"    # last item\n",[52,76514,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,76516,119],{"class":118},[52,76518,122],{"class":66},[52,76520,939],{"class":92},[52,76522,4020],{"class":66},[52,76524,2144],{"class":62},[52,76526,488],{"class":70},[52,76528,76017],{"class":66},[52,76530,76531],{"class":133},"   # last 3 items\n",[52,76533,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,76535,119],{"class":118},[52,76537,122],{"class":66},[52,76539,939],{"class":92},[52,76541,75639],{"class":66},[52,76543,2144],{"class":62},[52,76545,71],{"class":70},[52,76547,20557],{"class":66},[52,76549,76550],{"class":133},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76552,2193],{},[43,76554,76556],{"className":45,"code":76555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76557,76558,76563,76591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76559,76560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76561,76562],{"class":58},"e\n",[52,76564,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76566,4020],{"class":66},[52,76568,3420],{"class":188},[52,76570,1491],{"class":192},[52,76572,3420],{"class":188},[52,76574,74],{"class":66},[52,76576,3415],{"class":188},[52,76578,18879],{"class":192},[52,76580,3420],{"class":188},[52,76582,74],{"class":66},[52,76584,3415],{"class":188},[52,76586,60556],{"class":192},[52,76588,3420],{"class":188},[52,76590,3756],{"class":66},[52,76592,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76594,4020],{"class":66},[52,76596,3420],{"class":188},[52,76598,30],{"class":192},[52,76600,3420],{"class":188},[52,76602,74],{"class":66},[52,76604,3415],{"class":188},[52,76606,1393],{"class":192},[52,76608,3420],{"class":188},[52,76610,74],{"class":66},[52,76612,3415],{"class":188},[52,76614,1491],{"class":192},[52,76616,3420],{"class":188},[52,76618,74],{"class":66},[52,76620,3415],{"class":188},[52,76622,18879],{"class":192},[52,76624,3420],{"class":188},[52,76626,3756],{"class":66},[20,76628,13169],{},[154,76630,76631,76634,76638,76644,76650],{},[157,76632,76633],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[157,76635,76636,76427],{},[15,76637,76426],{},[157,76639,76640,76643],{},[15,76641,76642],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[157,76645,76646,76649],{},[15,76647,76648],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[157,76651,76652,76653,668,76655],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76654,36182],{},[15,76656,75530],{},[38,76658,76660],{"id":76659},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76662,2100,76663,76665],{},[15,76664,75533],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[154,76667,76668,76671,76674,76679,76689],{},[157,76669,76670],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[157,76672,76673],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[157,76675,76676,76678],{},[15,76677,76165],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[157,76680,8997,76681,76683,76684,76686,76687],{},[15,76682,75533],{}," is negative, ",[15,76685,36182],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76688,75530],{},[157,76690,76691,76693,76694],{},[15,76692,75533],{}," cannot be ",[15,76695,2243],{},[20,76697,76698],{},"Example with different step values:",[43,76700,76702],{"className":45,"code":76701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76703,76704,76736,76740,76757,76779,76798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76705,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76707,59],{"class":58},[52,76709,63],{"class":62},[52,76711,3743],{"class":66},[52,76713,2452],{"class":70},[52,76715,74],{"class":66},[52,76717,7908],{"class":70},[52,76719,74],{"class":66},[52,76721,7913],{"class":70},[52,76723,74],{"class":66},[52,76725,50952],{"class":70},[52,76727,74],{"class":66},[52,76729,5198],{"class":70},[52,76731,74],{"class":66},[52,76733,76204],{"class":70},[52,76735,3756],{"class":66},[52,76737,76738],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76739,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,76741,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76743,119],{"class":118},[52,76745,122],{"class":66},[52,76747,86],{"class":92},[52,76749,74226],{"class":66},[52,76751,99],{"class":70},[52,76753,20557],{"class":66},[52,76755,76756],{"class":133},"     # every second item\n",[52,76758,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769,76772,76774,76776],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,76760,119],{"class":118},[52,76762,122],{"class":66},[52,76764,86],{"class":92},[52,76766,4020],{"class":66},[52,76768,71],{"class":70},[52,76770,76771],{"class":66},"::",[52,76773,99],{"class":70},[52,76775,20557],{"class":66},[52,76777,76778],{"class":133},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[52,76780,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,76782,119],{"class":118},[52,76784,122],{"class":66},[52,76786,86],{"class":92},[52,76788,74226],{"class":66},[52,76790,2144],{"class":62},[52,76792,71],{"class":70},[52,76794,20557],{"class":66},[52,76796,76797],{"class":133},"    # reverse the list\n",[52,76799,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,76801,119],{"class":118},[52,76803,122],{"class":66},[52,76805,86],{"class":92},[52,76807,4020],{"class":66},[52,76809,391],{"class":70},[52,76811,152],{"class":66},[52,76813,71],{"class":70},[52,76815,152],{"class":66},[52,76817,2144],{"class":62},[52,76819,71],{"class":70},[52,76821,20557],{"class":66},[52,76823,76824],{"class":133},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76826,2193],{},[43,76828,76830],{"className":45,"code":76829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76831,76832,76848,76864,76892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76833,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76835,4020],{"class":66},[52,76837,2452],{"class":70},[52,76839,74],{"class":66},[52,76841,7913],{"class":70},[52,76843,74],{"class":66},[52,76845,5198],{"class":70},[52,76847,3756],{"class":66},[52,76849,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76851,4020],{"class":66},[52,76853,15867],{"class":70},[52,76855,74],{"class":66},[52,76857,50952],{"class":70},[52,76859,74],{"class":66},[52,76861,76204],{"class":70},[52,76863,3756],{"class":66},[52,76865,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76867,4020],{"class":66},[52,76869,76383],{"class":70},[52,76871,74],{"class":66},[52,76873,5198],{"class":70},[52,76875,74],{"class":66},[52,76877,50952],{"class":70},[52,76879,74],{"class":66},[52,76881,7913],{"class":70},[52,76883,74],{"class":66},[52,76885,7908],{"class":70},[52,76887,74],{"class":66},[52,76889,6124],{"class":70},[52,76891,3756],{"class":66},[52,76893,76894,76896,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,76895,4020],{"class":66},[52,76897,76898],{"class":70},"50",[52,76900,74],{"class":66},[52,76902,50952],{"class":70},[52,76904,74],{"class":66},[52,76906,7913],{"class":70},[52,76908,3756],{"class":66},[20,76910,76911,76912,89],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[30,76913,76914],{"href":74910},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1324,76916,76918],{"id":76917},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76920,1671],{},[43,76922,76924],{"className":45,"code":76923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76925,76926,76946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76927,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76929,59],{"class":58},[52,76931,63],{"class":62},[52,76933,3743],{"class":66},[52,76935,71],{"class":70},[52,76937,74],{"class":66},[52,76939,77],{"class":70},[52,76941,74],{"class":66},[52,76943,104],{"class":70},[52,76945,3756],{"class":66},[52,76947,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,76949,119],{"class":118},[52,76951,122],{"class":66},[52,76953,86],{"class":92},[52,76955,74226],{"class":66},[52,76957,2243],{"class":70},[52,76959,112],{"class":66},[20,76961,76962,76963,76965,76966,76968],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76964,40811],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76967,2243],{}," does not make sense.",[38,76970,76972],{"id":76971},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76974,76975],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1324,76977,76979],{"id":76978},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[43,76981,76983],{"className":45,"code":76982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76984,76985,77009,77013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76986,76987,76989,76991,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76988,59],{"class":58},[52,76990,63],{"class":62},[52,76992,3743],{"class":66},[52,76994,2452],{"class":70},[52,76996,74],{"class":66},[52,76998,7908],{"class":70},[52,77000,74],{"class":66},[52,77002,7913],{"class":70},[52,77004,74],{"class":66},[52,77006,50952],{"class":70},[52,77008,3756],{"class":66},[52,77010,77011],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77012,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,77014,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77016,119],{"class":118},[52,77018,122],{"class":66},[52,77020,86],{"class":92},[52,77022,4020],{"class":66},[52,77024,99],{"class":70},[52,77026,112],{"class":66},[20,77028,2193],{},[43,77030,77031],{"className":45,"code":69944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77032,77033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77034,77035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77036,69944],{"class":70},[1324,77038,77040],{"id":77039},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[43,77042,77044],{"className":45,"code":77043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77045,77046,77070,77074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77047,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77049,59],{"class":58},[52,77051,63],{"class":62},[52,77053,3743],{"class":66},[52,77055,2452],{"class":70},[52,77057,74],{"class":66},[52,77059,7908],{"class":70},[52,77061,74],{"class":66},[52,77063,7913],{"class":70},[52,77065,74],{"class":66},[52,77067,50952],{"class":70},[52,77069,3756],{"class":66},[52,77071,77072],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77073,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,77075,77076,77078,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77077,119],{"class":118},[52,77079,122],{"class":66},[52,77081,86],{"class":92},[52,77083,4020],{"class":66},[52,77085,99],{"class":70},[52,77087,152],{"class":66},[52,77089,488],{"class":70},[52,77091,112],{"class":66},[20,77093,2193],{},[43,77095,77097],{"className":45,"code":77096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30]\n",[15,77098,77099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77100,77101,77103,77105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77102,4020],{"class":66},[52,77104,36948],{"class":70},[52,77106,3756],{"class":66},[20,77108,13878],{},[154,77110,77111,77117],{},[157,77112,77113,77116],{},[15,77114,77115],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[157,77118,77119,77122],{},[15,77120,77121],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77124,77125],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[154,77127,77128,77131],{},[157,77129,77130],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[157,77132,77133],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77135,347],{},[43,77137,77139],{"className":45,"code":77138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77140,77141,77161,77165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77142,77143,77145,77147,77149,77151,77153,77155,77157,77159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77144,59],{"class":58},[52,77146,63],{"class":62},[52,77148,3743],{"class":66},[52,77150,2452],{"class":70},[52,77152,74],{"class":66},[52,77154,7908],{"class":70},[52,77156,74],{"class":66},[52,77158,7913],{"class":70},[52,77160,3756],{"class":66},[52,77162,77163],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77164,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,77166,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77168,119],{"class":118},[52,77170,122],{"class":66},[52,77172,86],{"class":92},[52,77174,4020],{"class":66},[52,77176,1705],{"class":70},[52,77178,152],{"class":66},[52,77180,2452],{"class":70},[52,77182,112],{"class":66},[20,77184,2193],{},[43,77186,77187],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77188,77189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77190,77191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77192,38404],{"class":66},[20,77194,77195],{},"But this would raise an error:",[43,77197,77199],{"className":45,"code":77198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77200,77201,77221,77225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77202,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77204,59],{"class":58},[52,77206,63],{"class":62},[52,77208,3743],{"class":66},[52,77210,2452],{"class":70},[52,77212,74],{"class":66},[52,77214,7908],{"class":70},[52,77216,74],{"class":66},[52,77218,7913],{"class":70},[52,77220,3756],{"class":66},[52,77222,77223],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77224,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,77226,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77228,119],{"class":118},[52,77230,122],{"class":66},[52,77232,86],{"class":92},[52,77234,4020],{"class":66},[52,77236,1705],{"class":70},[52,77238,112],{"class":66},[20,77240,77241,77242,89],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[30,77243,69363],{"href":69362},[38,77245,15291],{"id":77246},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77248,77249],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[154,77251,77252,77256,77258,77261,77267],{},[157,77253,4821,77254,75845],{},[15,77255,75530],{},[157,77257,60801],{},[157,77259,77260],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[157,77262,37310,77263,8826,77265],{},[15,77264,76165],{},[15,77266,73630],{},[157,77268,77269,77270,77272],{},"Using step ",[15,77271,2243],{},", which causes an error",[1324,77274,77276],{"id":77275},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[43,77278,77280],{"className":45,"code":77279,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77281,77282,77310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77283,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77285,59],{"class":58},[52,77287,63],{"class":62},[52,77289,3743],{"class":66},[52,77291,2452],{"class":70},[52,77293,74],{"class":66},[52,77295,7908],{"class":70},[52,77297,74],{"class":66},[52,77299,7913],{"class":70},[52,77301,74],{"class":66},[52,77303,50952],{"class":70},[52,77305,74],{"class":66},[52,77307,5198],{"class":70},[52,77309,3756],{"class":66},[52,77311,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77313,119],{"class":118},[52,77315,122],{"class":66},[52,77317,86],{"class":92},[52,77319,4020],{"class":66},[52,77321,71],{"class":70},[52,77323,152],{"class":66},[52,77325,391],{"class":70},[52,77327,112],{"class":66},[20,77329,77330],{},"This returns:",[43,77332,77334],{"className":45,"code":77333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77335,77336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77337,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77339,4020],{"class":66},[52,77341,15867],{"class":70},[52,77343,74],{"class":66},[52,77345,7913],{"class":70},[52,77347,74],{"class":66},[52,77349,50952],{"class":70},[52,77351,3756],{"class":66},[20,77353,41013,77354,77356,77357,77359,77360,89],{},[984,77355,986],{}," include ",[15,77358,76898],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77361,391],{},[1324,77363,77365],{"id":77364},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77367,16757],{},[43,77369,77371],{"className":45,"code":77370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77372,77373,77393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77374,77375,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77376,59],{"class":58},[52,77378,63],{"class":62},[52,77380,3743],{"class":66},[52,77382,2452],{"class":70},[52,77384,74],{"class":66},[52,77386,7908],{"class":70},[52,77388,74],{"class":66},[52,77390,7913],{"class":70},[52,77392,3756],{"class":66},[52,77394,77395],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77396,77397],{"class":133},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77399,77400],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[43,77402,77404],{"className":45,"code":77403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77405,77406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77407,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418,77420,77422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77409,119],{"class":118},[52,77411,122],{"class":66},[52,77413,86],{"class":92},[52,77415,4020],{"class":66},[52,77417,71],{"class":70},[52,77419,152],{"class":66},[52,77421,488],{"class":70},[52,77423,112],{"class":66},[1324,77425,77427],{"id":77426},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77429,77430],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[43,77432,77434],{"className":45,"code":77433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77435,77436,77460,77474,77478,77488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77437,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450,77452,77454,77456,77458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77439,59],{"class":58},[52,77441,63],{"class":62},[52,77443,3743],{"class":66},[52,77445,2452],{"class":70},[52,77447,74],{"class":66},[52,77449,7908],{"class":70},[52,77451,74],{"class":66},[52,77453,7913],{"class":70},[52,77455,74],{"class":66},[52,77457,50952],{"class":70},[52,77459,3756],{"class":66},[52,77461,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77463,75763],{"class":58},[52,77465,63],{"class":62},[52,77467,479],{"class":58},[52,77469,75639],{"class":66},[52,77471,99],{"class":70},[52,77473,3756],{"class":66},[52,77475,77476],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77477,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,77479,77480,77482,77484,77486],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,77481,119],{"class":118},[52,77483,122],{"class":66},[52,77485,75786],{"class":92},[52,77487,127],{"class":66},[52,77489,77490,77492,77494,77496],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,77491,119],{"class":118},[52,77493,122],{"class":66},[52,77495,86],{"class":92},[52,77497,127],{"class":66},[20,77499,2193],{},[43,77501,77503],{"className":45,"code":77502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77504,77505,77517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77506,77507,77509,77511,77513,77515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77508,4020],{"class":66},[52,77510,2452],{"class":70},[52,77512,74],{"class":66},[52,77514,7908],{"class":70},[52,77516,3756],{"class":66},[52,77518,77519,77521,77523,77525,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77520,4020],{"class":66},[52,77522,2452],{"class":70},[52,77524,74],{"class":66},[52,77526,7908],{"class":70},[52,77528,74],{"class":66},[52,77530,7913],{"class":70},[52,77532,74],{"class":66},[52,77534,50952],{"class":70},[52,77536,3756],{"class":66},[20,77538,77539],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1324,77541,77543,77544,8826,77546],{"id":77542},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77545,76165],{},[15,77547,73630],{},[43,77549,77551],{"className":45,"code":77550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77552,77553,77573,77577,77594,77605],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77554,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77556,59],{"class":58},[52,77558,63],{"class":62},[52,77560,3743],{"class":66},[52,77562,2452],{"class":70},[52,77564,74],{"class":66},[52,77566,7908],{"class":70},[52,77568,74],{"class":66},[52,77570,7913],{"class":70},[52,77572,3756],{"class":66},[52,77574,77575],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77576,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,77578,77579,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77580,77581],{"class":58},"reversed_copy ",[52,77583,63],{"class":62},[52,77585,479],{"class":58},[52,77587,74226],{"class":66},[52,77589,2144],{"class":62},[52,77591,71],{"class":70},[52,77593,3756],{"class":66},[52,77595,77596,77598,77600,77603],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,77597,119],{"class":118},[52,77599,122],{"class":66},[52,77601,77602],{"class":92},"reversed_copy",[52,77604,127],{"class":66},[52,77606,77607,77609,77611,77613],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,77608,119],{"class":118},[52,77610,122],{"class":66},[52,77612,86],{"class":92},[52,77614,127],{"class":66},[20,77616,2193],{},[43,77618,77620],{"className":45,"code":77619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77621,77622,77638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77623,77624,77626,77628,77630,77632,77634,77636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77625,4020],{"class":66},[52,77627,36948],{"class":70},[52,77629,74],{"class":66},[52,77631,7908],{"class":70},[52,77633,74],{"class":66},[52,77635,6124],{"class":70},[52,77637,3756],{"class":66},[52,77639,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77641,4020],{"class":66},[52,77643,2452],{"class":70},[52,77645,74],{"class":66},[52,77647,7908],{"class":70},[52,77649,74],{"class":66},[52,77651,7913],{"class":70},[52,77653,3756],{"class":66},[20,77655,77656,77659],{},[15,77657,77658],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77661,77662,77663,77666],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77664,77665],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1324,77668,77670],{"id":77669},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77672,77673],{},"This is not allowed:",[43,77675,77677],{"className":45,"code":77676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77678,77679,77699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77680,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77682,59],{"class":58},[52,77684,63],{"class":62},[52,77686,3743],{"class":66},[52,77688,2452],{"class":70},[52,77690,74],{"class":66},[52,77692,7908],{"class":70},[52,77694,74],{"class":66},[52,77696,7913],{"class":70},[52,77698,3756],{"class":66},[52,77700,77701],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77702,77703],{"class":133},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77705,77706,77707,89],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77708,40811],{},[38,77710,77712],{"id":77711},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77714,77715],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[154,77717,77718,77725,77731,77734,77737],{},[157,77719,37310,77720,668,77722,77724],{},[15,77721,36182],{},[15,77723,75530],{}," positions",[157,77726,77727,77728,77730],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77729,75530],{}," index is included",[157,77732,77733],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[157,77735,77736],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[157,77738,77739],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77741,77742],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[43,77744,77746],{"className":45,"code":77745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77747,77748,77758,77772,77790,77804,77821],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77749,77750,77752,77754,77756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77751,119],{"class":118},[52,77753,122],{"class":66},[52,77755,8459],{"class":92},[52,77757,127],{"class":66},[52,77759,77760,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,77761,119],{"class":118},[52,77763,122],{"class":66},[52,77765,11279],{"class":118},[52,77767,122],{"class":66},[52,77769,8459],{"class":92},[52,77771,2150],{"class":66},[52,77773,77774,77776,77778,77780,77782,77784,77786,77788],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77775,119],{"class":118},[52,77777,122],{"class":66},[52,77779,8459],{"class":92},[52,77781,4020],{"class":66},[52,77783,71],{"class":70},[52,77785,152],{"class":66},[52,77787,391],{"class":70},[52,77789,112],{"class":66},[52,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,77793,119],{"class":118},[52,77795,122],{"class":66},[52,77797,8459],{"class":92},[52,77799,75639],{"class":66},[52,77801,488],{"class":70},[52,77803,112],{"class":66},[52,77805,77806,77808,77810,77812,77814,77816,77818],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,77807,119],{"class":118},[52,77809,122],{"class":66},[52,77811,8459],{"class":92},[52,77813,4020],{"class":66},[52,77815,2144],{"class":62},[52,77817,488],{"class":70},[52,77819,77820],{"class":66},":])\n",[52,77822,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,77824,119],{"class":118},[52,77826,122],{"class":66},[52,77828,8459],{"class":92},[52,77830,74226],{"class":66},[52,77832,2144],{"class":62},[52,77834,71],{"class":70},[52,77836,112],{"class":66},[20,77838,8538,77839,77841,77842,77846],{},[15,77840,42469],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[30,77843,77845],{"href":77844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[38,77848,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,77850,77852],{"id":77851},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77854,77855],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1324,77857,77859],{"id":77858},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77861,77862],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1324,77864,5260,77866,40067],{"id":77865},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77867,76165],{},[20,77869,77870],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1324,77872,77874,77875,1964],{"id":77873},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77876,70835],{},[20,77878,77879],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[38,77881,1996],{"id":1995},[154,77883,77884,77889,77894,77898,77902,77906],{},[157,77885,77886],{},[30,77887,77888],{"href":51088},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[157,77890,77891],{},[30,77892,77893],{"href":57262},"How to create a list in Python",[157,77895,77896],{},[30,77897,15079],{"href":57328},[157,77899,77900],{},[30,77901,74911],{"href":74910},[157,77903,77904],{},[30,77905,77845],{"href":77844},[157,77907,77908],{},[30,77909,69363],{"href":69362},[20,77911,77912,77913,77915],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77914,42469],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2044,77917,77918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":77920},[77921,77922,77923,77924,77925,77926,77929,77933,77941,77942,77950],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":75694,"depth":83,"text":75695},{"id":75857,"depth":83,"text":75858},{"id":76119,"depth":83,"text":76120},{"id":76413,"depth":83,"text":76414},{"id":76659,"depth":83,"text":76660,"children":77927},[77928],{"id":76917,"depth":115,"text":76918},{"id":76971,"depth":83,"text":76972,"children":77930},[77931,77932],{"id":76978,"depth":115,"text":76979},{"id":77039,"depth":115,"text":77040},{"id":77246,"depth":83,"text":15291,"children":77934},[77935,77936,77937,77938,77940],{"id":77275,"depth":115,"text":77276},{"id":77364,"depth":115,"text":77365},{"id":77426,"depth":115,"text":77427},{"id":77542,"depth":115,"text":77939},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77669,"depth":115,"text":77670},{"id":77711,"depth":83,"text":77712},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":77943},[77944,77945,77946,77948],{"id":77851,"depth":115,"text":77852},{"id":77858,"depth":115,"text":77859},{"id":77865,"depth":115,"text":77947},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77873,"depth":115,"text":77949},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75517,"description":77951},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77958,"title":77959,"body":77960,"description":80029,"extension":2083,"meta":80030,"navigation":240,"path":80031,"seo":80032,"stem":80033,"__hash__":80034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77961,"toc":79995},[77962,77967,77973,77979,77981,78028,78035,78040,78044,78059,78062,78115,78117,78142,78147,78149,78181,78184,78200,78202,78263,78265,78290,78294,78299,78352,78354,78379,78384,78445,78447,78472,78475,78482,78486,78489,78550,78552,78585,78588,78649,78651,78684,78690,78763,78765,78797,78804,78809,78814,78816,78828,78831,78909,78911,78952,78955,79029,79031,79064,79069,79076,79083,79087,79096,79100,79108,79110,79177,79179,79215,79220,79231,79233,79238,79243,79245,79308,79310,79335,79342,79347,79351,79354,79394,79399,79405,79410,79412,79439,79444,79447,79494,79496,79553,79560,79565,79571,79640,79644,79647,79710,79712,79745,79750,79752,79755,79836,79838,79862,79868,79870,79875,79879,79886,79894,79898,79900,79923,79927,79929,79956,79959,79966,79969,79971,79992],[10,77963,54451,77965,18],{"id":77964},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77966,64417],{},[20,77968,77969,77972],{},[15,77970,77971],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77974,77975,77976,77978],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77977,64417],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[38,77980,2125],{"id":2124},[43,77982,77984],{"className":45,"code":77983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77985,77986,78006,78016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77987,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77989,59],{"class":58},[52,77991,63],{"class":62},[52,77993,3743],{"class":66},[52,77995,488],{"class":70},[52,77997,74],{"class":66},[52,77999,5616],{"class":70},[52,78001,74],{"class":66},[52,78003,77],{"class":70},[52,78005,3756],{"class":66},[52,78007,78008,78010,78012,78014],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78009,86],{"class":58},[52,78011,89],{"class":66},[52,78013,34907],{"class":92},[52,78015,8764],{"class":66},[52,78017,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78019,119],{"class":118},[52,78021,122],{"class":66},[52,78023,86],{"class":92},[52,78025,3782],{"class":66},[52,78027,55041],{"class":133},[20,78029,137,78030,78032,78033,89],{},[15,78031,77971],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78034,445],{},[38,78036,144,78038,147],{"id":78037},"what-listsort-does",[15,78039,77971],{},[20,78041,78042,152],{},[15,78043,77971],{},[154,78045,78046,78049,78052,78056],{},[157,78047,78048],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[157,78050,78051],{},"Changes the original list",[157,78053,1335,78054],{},[15,78055,445],{},[157,78057,78058],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78060,78061],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[43,78063,78065],{"className":45,"code":78064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78066,78067,78091,78101,78105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78068,78069,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78070,59],{"class":58},[52,78072,63],{"class":62},[52,78074,3743],{"class":66},[52,78076,1705],{"class":70},[52,78078,74],{"class":66},[52,78080,77],{"class":70},[52,78082,74],{"class":66},[52,78084,54245],{"class":70},[52,78086,74],{"class":66},[52,78088,5616],{"class":70},[52,78090,3756],{"class":66},[52,78092,78093,78095,78097,78099],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78094,86],{"class":58},[52,78096,89],{"class":66},[52,78098,34907],{"class":92},[52,78100,8764],{"class":66},[52,78102,78103],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78104,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78106,78107,78109,78111,78113],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78108,119],{"class":118},[52,78110,122],{"class":66},[52,78112,86],{"class":92},[52,78114,127],{"class":66},[20,78116,2193],{},[43,78118,78120],{"className":45,"code":78119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78121,78122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78123,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138,78140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78125,4020],{"class":66},[52,78127,71],{"class":70},[52,78129,74],{"class":66},[52,78131,77],{"class":70},[52,78133,74],{"class":66},[52,78135,396],{"class":70},[52,78137,74],{"class":66},[52,78139,54245],{"class":70},[52,78141,3756],{"class":66},[20,78143,78144,78145,89],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[30,78146,67181],{"href":51088},[38,78148,268],{"id":267},[43,78150,78152],{"className":45,"code":78151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78153,78154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78175,78177,78179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78157,8459],{"class":58},[52,78159,89],{"class":66},[52,78161,34907],{"class":92},[52,78163,122],{"class":66},[52,78165,14956],{"class":9298},[52,78167,63],{"class":62},[52,78169,445],{"class":3971},[52,78171,74],{"class":66},[52,78173,78174],{"class":9298}," reverse",[52,78176,63],{"class":62},[52,78178,3795],{"class":3971},[52,78180,127],{"class":66},[20,78182,78183],{},"Main arguments:",[154,78185,78186,78191,78197],{},[157,78187,78188,78190],{},[15,78189,14956],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[157,78192,78193,78196],{},[15,78194,78195],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[157,78198,78199],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78201,347],{},[43,78203,78205],{"className":45,"code":78204,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78206,78207,78231,78249,78253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78210,59],{"class":58},[52,78212,63],{"class":62},[52,78214,3743],{"class":66},[52,78216,391],{"class":70},[52,78218,74],{"class":66},[52,78220,5616],{"class":70},[52,78222,74],{"class":66},[52,78224,6113],{"class":70},[52,78226,74],{"class":66},[52,78228,77],{"class":70},[52,78230,3756],{"class":66},[52,78232,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78234,86],{"class":58},[52,78236,89],{"class":66},[52,78238,34907],{"class":92},[52,78240,122],{"class":66},[52,78242,73681],{"class":9298},[52,78244,63],{"class":62},[52,78246,3726],{"class":3971},[52,78248,127],{"class":66},[52,78250,78251],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78252,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78254,78255,78257,78259,78261],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78256,119],{"class":118},[52,78258,122],{"class":66},[52,78260,86],{"class":92},[52,78262,127],{"class":66},[20,78264,2193],{},[43,78266,78268],{"className":45,"code":78267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78269,78270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78271,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78273,4020],{"class":66},[52,78275,2147],{"class":70},[52,78277,74],{"class":66},[52,78279,109],{"class":70},[52,78281,74],{"class":66},[52,78283,77],{"class":70},[52,78285,74],{"class":66},[52,78287,5616],{"class":70},[52,78289,3756],{"class":66},[38,78291,78293],{"id":78292},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78295,137,78296,78298],{},[15,78297,64417],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[43,78300,78302],{"className":45,"code":78301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78303,78304,78328,78338,78342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78305,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78307,59],{"class":58},[52,78309,63],{"class":62},[52,78311,3743],{"class":66},[52,78313,2452],{"class":70},[52,78315,74],{"class":66},[52,78317,104],{"class":70},[52,78319,74],{"class":66},[52,78321,6480],{"class":70},[52,78323,74],{"class":66},[52,78325,5616],{"class":70},[52,78327,3756],{"class":66},[52,78329,78330,78332,78334,78336],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78331,86],{"class":58},[52,78333,89],{"class":66},[52,78335,34907],{"class":92},[52,78337,8764],{"class":66},[52,78339,78340],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78341,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78343,78344,78346,78348,78350],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78345,119],{"class":118},[52,78347,122],{"class":66},[52,78349,86],{"class":92},[52,78351,127],{"class":66},[20,78353,2193],{},[43,78355,78357],{"className":45,"code":78356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78358,78359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78360,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78362,4020],{"class":66},[52,78364,71],{"class":70},[52,78366,74],{"class":66},[52,78368,104],{"class":70},[52,78370,74],{"class":66},[52,78372,6480],{"class":70},[52,78374,74],{"class":66},[52,78376,6124],{"class":70},[52,78378,3756],{"class":66},[20,78380,137,78381,78383],{},[15,78382,78195],{}," for descending order:",[43,78385,78387],{"className":45,"code":78386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78388,78389,78413,78431,78435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78390,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409,78411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78392,59],{"class":58},[52,78394,63],{"class":62},[52,78396,3743],{"class":66},[52,78398,2452],{"class":70},[52,78400,74],{"class":66},[52,78402,104],{"class":70},[52,78404,74],{"class":66},[52,78406,6480],{"class":70},[52,78408,74],{"class":66},[52,78410,5616],{"class":70},[52,78412,3756],{"class":66},[52,78414,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78416,86],{"class":58},[52,78418,89],{"class":66},[52,78420,34907],{"class":92},[52,78422,122],{"class":66},[52,78424,73681],{"class":9298},[52,78426,63],{"class":62},[52,78428,3726],{"class":3971},[52,78430,127],{"class":66},[52,78432,78433],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78434,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78436,78437,78439,78441,78443],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78438,119],{"class":118},[52,78440,122],{"class":66},[52,78442,86],{"class":92},[52,78444,127],{"class":66},[20,78446,2193],{},[43,78448,78450],{"className":45,"code":78449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78451,78452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78453,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78455,4020],{"class":66},[52,78457,2452],{"class":70},[52,78459,74],{"class":66},[52,78461,6480],{"class":70},[52,78463,74],{"class":66},[52,78465,104],{"class":70},[52,78467,74],{"class":66},[52,78469,5616],{"class":70},[52,78471,3756],{"class":66},[20,78473,78474],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78476,78477,78478,89],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[30,78479,78481],{"href":78480},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[38,78483,78485],{"id":78484},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78487,78488],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[43,78490,78492],{"className":45,"code":78491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78493,78494,78526,78536,78540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78495,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78497,1025],{"class":58},[52,78499,63],{"class":62},[52,78501,3743],{"class":66},[52,78503,189],{"class":188},[52,78505,1145],{"class":192},[52,78507,189],{"class":188},[52,78509,74],{"class":66},[52,78511,200],{"class":188},[52,78513,1125],{"class":192},[52,78515,189],{"class":188},[52,78517,74],{"class":66},[52,78519,200],{"class":188},[52,78521,4215],{"class":192},[52,78523,189],{"class":188},[52,78525,3756],{"class":66},[52,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78529,1043],{"class":58},[52,78531,89],{"class":66},[52,78533,34907],{"class":92},[52,78535,8764],{"class":66},[52,78537,78538],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78539,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78541,78542,78544,78546,78548],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78543,119],{"class":118},[52,78545,122],{"class":66},[52,78547,1043],{"class":92},[52,78549,127],{"class":66},[20,78551,2193],{},[43,78553,78555],{"className":45,"code":78554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78556,78557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78558,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78560,4020],{"class":66},[52,78562,3420],{"class":188},[52,78564,1125],{"class":192},[52,78566,3420],{"class":188},[52,78568,74],{"class":66},[52,78570,3415],{"class":188},[52,78572,1145],{"class":192},[52,78574,3420],{"class":188},[52,78576,74],{"class":66},[52,78578,3415],{"class":188},[52,78580,4215],{"class":192},[52,78582,3420],{"class":188},[52,78584,3756],{"class":66},[20,78586,78587],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[43,78589,78591],{"className":45,"code":78590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78592,78593,78625,78635,78639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78594,78595,78597,78599,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78596,1025],{"class":58},[52,78598,63],{"class":62},[52,78600,3743],{"class":66},[52,78602,189],{"class":188},[52,78604,1145],{"class":192},[52,78606,189],{"class":188},[52,78608,74],{"class":66},[52,78610,200],{"class":188},[52,78612,57877],{"class":192},[52,78614,189],{"class":188},[52,78616,74],{"class":66},[52,78618,200],{"class":188},[52,78620,4215],{"class":192},[52,78622,189],{"class":188},[52,78624,3756],{"class":66},[52,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78628,1043],{"class":58},[52,78630,89],{"class":66},[52,78632,34907],{"class":92},[52,78634,8764],{"class":66},[52,78636,78637],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78638,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78640,78641,78643,78645,78647],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78642,119],{"class":118},[52,78644,122],{"class":66},[52,78646,1043],{"class":92},[52,78648,127],{"class":66},[20,78650,2193],{},[43,78652,78654],{"className":45,"code":78653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78655,78656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78657,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78659,4020],{"class":66},[52,78661,3420],{"class":188},[52,78663,57877],{"class":192},[52,78665,3420],{"class":188},[52,78667,74],{"class":66},[52,78669,3415],{"class":188},[52,78671,1145],{"class":192},[52,78673,3420],{"class":188},[52,78675,74],{"class":66},[52,78677,3415],{"class":188},[52,78679,4215],{"class":192},[52,78681,3420],{"class":188},[52,78683,3756],{"class":66},[20,78685,78686,78687,152],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78688,78689],{},"key=str.lower",[43,78691,78693],{"className":45,"code":78692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78694,78695,78727,78749,78753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78698,1025],{"class":58},[52,78700,63],{"class":62},[52,78702,3743],{"class":66},[52,78704,189],{"class":188},[52,78706,1145],{"class":192},[52,78708,189],{"class":188},[52,78710,74],{"class":66},[52,78712,200],{"class":188},[52,78714,57877],{"class":192},[52,78716,189],{"class":188},[52,78718,74],{"class":66},[52,78720,200],{"class":188},[52,78722,4215],{"class":192},[52,78724,189],{"class":188},[52,78726,3756],{"class":66},[52,78728,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78730,1043],{"class":58},[52,78732,89],{"class":66},[52,78734,34907],{"class":92},[52,78736,122],{"class":66},[52,78738,14956],{"class":9298},[52,78740,63],{"class":62},[52,78742,3564],{"class":3020},[52,78744,89],{"class":66},[52,78746,8761],{"class":24860},[52,78748,127],{"class":66},[52,78750,78751],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78752,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78754,78755,78757,78759,78761],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78756,119],{"class":118},[52,78758,122],{"class":66},[52,78760,1043],{"class":92},[52,78762,127],{"class":66},[20,78764,2193],{},[43,78766,78767],{"className":45,"code":78653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,78768,78769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78770,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78772,4020],{"class":66},[52,78774,3420],{"class":188},[52,78776,57877],{"class":192},[52,78778,3420],{"class":188},[52,78780,74],{"class":66},[52,78782,3415],{"class":188},[52,78784,1145],{"class":192},[52,78786,3420],{"class":188},[52,78788,74],{"class":66},[52,78790,3415],{"class":188},[52,78792,4215],{"class":192},[52,78794,3420],{"class":188},[52,78796,3756],{"class":66},[20,78798,78799,78800,78803],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78801,78802],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[38,78805,36719,78807,36722],{"id":78806},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78808,14956],{},[20,78810,2100,78811,78813],{},[15,78812,14956],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78815,7460],{},[154,78817,78818,78823],{},[157,78819,78820,78822],{},[15,78821,11279],{}," to sort by length",[157,78824,78825,78827],{},[15,78826,78802],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78829,78830],{},"Sort words by length:",[43,78832,78834],{"className":45,"code":78833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78835,78836,78877,78895,78899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78837,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78839,1025],{"class":58},[52,78841,63],{"class":62},[52,78843,3743],{"class":66},[52,78845,189],{"class":188},[52,78847,78848],{"class":192},"pear",[52,78850,189],{"class":188},[52,78852,74],{"class":66},[52,78854,200],{"class":188},[52,78856,1145],{"class":192},[52,78858,189],{"class":188},[52,78860,74],{"class":66},[52,78862,200],{"class":188},[52,78864,38464],{"class":192},[52,78866,189],{"class":188},[52,78868,74],{"class":66},[52,78870,200],{"class":188},[52,78872,1125],{"class":192},[52,78874,189],{"class":188},[52,78876,3756],{"class":66},[52,78878,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78880,1043],{"class":58},[52,78882,89],{"class":66},[52,78884,34907],{"class":92},[52,78886,122],{"class":66},[52,78888,14956],{"class":9298},[52,78890,63],{"class":62},[52,78892,11279],{"class":118},[52,78894,127],{"class":66},[52,78896,78897],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78898,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,78900,78901,78903,78905,78907],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,78902,119],{"class":118},[52,78904,122],{"class":66},[52,78906,1043],{"class":92},[52,78908,127],{"class":66},[20,78910,2193],{},[43,78912,78914],{"className":45,"code":78913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78915,78916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78917,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78919,4020],{"class":66},[52,78921,3420],{"class":188},[52,78923,38464],{"class":192},[52,78925,3420],{"class":188},[52,78927,74],{"class":66},[52,78929,3415],{"class":188},[52,78931,78848],{"class":192},[52,78933,3420],{"class":188},[52,78935,74],{"class":66},[52,78937,3415],{"class":188},[52,78939,1125],{"class":192},[52,78941,3420],{"class":188},[52,78943,74],{"class":66},[52,78945,3415],{"class":188},[52,78947,1145],{"class":192},[52,78949,3420],{"class":188},[52,78951,3756],{"class":66},[20,78953,78954],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[43,78956,78958],{"className":45,"code":78957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78959,78960,78993,79015,79019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78961,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78989,78991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78963,1025],{"class":58},[52,78965,63],{"class":62},[52,78967,3743],{"class":66},[52,78969,189],{"class":188},[52,78971,5130],{"class":192},[52,78973,189],{"class":188},[52,78975,74],{"class":66},[52,78977,200],{"class":188},[52,78979,17916],{"class":192},[52,78981,189],{"class":188},[52,78983,74],{"class":66},[52,78985,200],{"class":188},[52,78987,78988],{"class":192},"Carol",[52,78990,189],{"class":188},[52,78992,3756],{"class":66},[52,78994,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,78996,1043],{"class":58},[52,78998,89],{"class":66},[52,79000,34907],{"class":92},[52,79002,122],{"class":66},[52,79004,14956],{"class":9298},[52,79006,63],{"class":62},[52,79008,3564],{"class":3020},[52,79010,89],{"class":66},[52,79012,8761],{"class":24860},[52,79014,127],{"class":66},[52,79016,79017],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79018,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,79020,79021,79023,79025,79027],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,79022,119],{"class":118},[52,79024,122],{"class":66},[52,79026,1043],{"class":92},[52,79028,127],{"class":66},[20,79030,2193],{},[43,79032,79034],{"className":45,"code":79033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79035,79036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79037,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79039,4020],{"class":66},[52,79041,3420],{"class":188},[52,79043,17916],{"class":192},[52,79045,3420],{"class":188},[52,79047,74],{"class":66},[52,79049,3415],{"class":188},[52,79051,5130],{"class":192},[52,79053,3420],{"class":188},[52,79055,74],{"class":66},[52,79057,3415],{"class":188},[52,79059,78988],{"class":192},[52,79061,3420],{"class":188},[52,79063,3756],{"class":66},[20,79065,2100,79066,79068],{},[15,79067,14956],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[38,79070,79072,1083,79074],{"id":79071},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79073,77971],{},[15,79075,74528],{},[20,79077,79078,668,79080,79082],{},[15,79079,77971],{},[15,79081,74528],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79084,79085,152],{},[15,79086,77971],{},[154,79088,79089,79092],{},[157,79090,79091],{},"Changes the existing list",[157,79093,1335,79094],{},[15,79095,445],{},[20,79097,79098,152],{},[15,79099,74528],{},[154,79101,79102,79105],{},[157,79103,79104],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[157,79106,79107],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79109,347],{},[43,79111,79113],{"className":45,"code":79112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79114,79115,79135,79139,79153,79157,79167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79116,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131,79133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79118,59],{"class":58},[52,79120,63],{"class":62},[52,79122,3743],{"class":66},[52,79124,488],{"class":70},[52,79126,74],{"class":66},[52,79128,5616],{"class":70},[52,79130,74],{"class":66},[52,79132,77],{"class":70},[52,79134,3756],{"class":66},[52,79136,79137],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79138,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,79140,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79142,55999],{"class":58},[52,79144,63],{"class":62},[52,79146,74662],{"class":118},[52,79148,122],{"class":66},[52,79150,86],{"class":92},[52,79152,127],{"class":66},[52,79154,79155],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,79156,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,79158,79159,79161,79163,79165],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,79160,119],{"class":118},[52,79162,122],{"class":66},[52,79164,86],{"class":92},[52,79166,127],{"class":66},[52,79168,79169,79171,79173,79175],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,79170,119],{"class":118},[52,79172,122],{"class":66},[52,79174,74385],{"class":92},[52,79176,127],{"class":66},[20,79178,2193],{},[43,79180,79181],{"className":45,"code":74697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,79182,79183,79199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79184,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195,79197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79186,4020],{"class":66},[52,79188,488],{"class":70},[52,79190,74],{"class":66},[52,79192,5616],{"class":70},[52,79194,74],{"class":66},[52,79196,77],{"class":70},[52,79198,3756],{"class":66},[52,79200,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79202,4020],{"class":66},[52,79204,71],{"class":70},[52,79206,74],{"class":66},[52,79208,77],{"class":70},[52,79210,74],{"class":66},[52,79212,104],{"class":70},[52,79214,3756],{"class":66},[20,79216,137,79217,79219],{},[15,79218,74528],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79221,79222,79223,668,79227,89],{},"You can learn more in ",[30,79224,3697,79225,5902],{"href":74625},[15,79226,74528],{},[30,79228,79230],{"href":79229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[38,79232,2948],{"id":2947},[20,79234,79235,79236,89],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79237,77971],{},[1324,79239,12711,79241],{"id":79240},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79242,64417],{},[20,79244,25800],{},[43,79246,79248],{"className":45,"code":79247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79249,79250,79270,79284,79288,79298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79251,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79253,59],{"class":58},[52,79255,63],{"class":62},[52,79257,3743],{"class":66},[52,79259,488],{"class":70},[52,79261,74],{"class":66},[52,79263,5616],{"class":70},[52,79265,74],{"class":66},[52,79267,77],{"class":70},[52,79269,3756],{"class":66},[52,79271,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79273,474],{"class":58},[52,79275,63],{"class":62},[52,79277,479],{"class":58},[52,79279,89],{"class":66},[52,79281,34907],{"class":92},[52,79283,8764],{"class":66},[52,79285,79286],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79287,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,79289,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,79291,119],{"class":118},[52,79293,122],{"class":66},[52,79295,507],{"class":92},[52,79297,127],{"class":66},[52,79299,79300,79302,79304,79306],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,79301,119],{"class":118},[52,79303,122],{"class":66},[52,79305,86],{"class":92},[52,79307,127],{"class":66},[20,79309,2193],{},[43,79311,79313],{"className":45,"code":79312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79314,79315,79319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79316,79317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79318,11924],{"class":3971},[52,79320,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329,79331,79333],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79322,4020],{"class":66},[52,79324,71],{"class":70},[52,79326,74],{"class":66},[52,79328,77],{"class":70},[52,79330,74],{"class":66},[52,79332,104],{"class":70},[52,79334,3756],{"class":66},[20,79336,79337,79339,79340,89],{},[15,79338,64417],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79341,445],{},[20,79343,79344,79345,1311],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79346,74528],{},[1324,79348,79350],{"id":79349},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79352,79353],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[43,79355,79357],{"className":45,"code":79356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79358,79359,79384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79360,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371,79373,79376,79378,79380,79382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79362,7897],{"class":58},[52,79364,63],{"class":62},[52,79366,3743],{"class":66},[52,79368,71],{"class":70},[52,79370,74],{"class":66},[52,79372,200],{"class":188},[52,79374,79375],{"class":192},"two",[52,79377,189],{"class":188},[52,79379,74],{"class":66},[52,79381,104],{"class":70},[52,79383,3756],{"class":66},[52,79385,79386,79388,79390,79392],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79387,7928],{"class":58},[52,79389,89],{"class":66},[52,79391,34907],{"class":92},[52,79393,8764],{"class":66},[20,79395,3120,79396,79398],{},[15,79397,1713],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1324,79400,4821,79402,79404],{"id":79401},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79403,64417],{}," only works on lists",[20,79406,79407,79409],{},[15,79408,64417],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79411,16757],{},[43,79413,79415],{"className":45,"code":79414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79416,79417,79429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79418,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79420,34795],{"class":58},[52,79422,63],{"class":62},[52,79424,200],{"class":188},[52,79426,47],{"class":192},[52,79428,3479],{"class":188},[52,79430,79431,79433,79435,79437],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79432,34816],{"class":58},[52,79434,89],{"class":66},[52,79436,34907],{"class":92},[52,79438,8764],{"class":66},[20,79440,79441,79442,33707],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79443,64417],{},[20,79445,79446],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[43,79448,79450],{"className":45,"code":79449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79451,79452,79470,79480,79484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79453,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79455,921],{"class":58},[52,79457,63],{"class":62},[52,79459,22669],{"class":3020},[52,79461,122],{"class":66},[52,79463,189],{"class":188},[52,79465,47],{"class":192},[52,79467,189],{"class":188},[52,79469,127],{"class":66},[52,79471,79472,79474,79476,79478],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79473,939],{"class":58},[52,79475,89],{"class":66},[52,79477,34907],{"class":92},[52,79479,8764],{"class":66},[52,79481,79482],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79483,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,79485,79486,79488,79490,79492],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,79487,119],{"class":118},[52,79489,122],{"class":66},[52,79491,939],{"class":92},[52,79493,127],{"class":66},[20,79495,2193],{},[43,79497,79499],{"className":45,"code":79498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79500,79501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79502,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79504,4020],{"class":66},[52,79506,3420],{"class":188},[52,79508,60547],{"class":192},[52,79510,3420],{"class":188},[52,79512,74],{"class":66},[52,79514,3415],{"class":188},[52,79516,76134],{"class":192},[52,79518,3420],{"class":188},[52,79520,74],{"class":66},[52,79522,3415],{"class":188},[52,79524,60582],{"class":192},[52,79526,3420],{"class":188},[52,79528,74],{"class":66},[52,79530,3415],{"class":188},[52,79532,20],{"class":192},[52,79534,3420],{"class":188},[52,79536,74],{"class":66},[52,79538,3415],{"class":188},[52,79540,63392],{"class":192},[52,79542,3420],{"class":188},[52,79544,74],{"class":66},[52,79546,3415],{"class":188},[52,79548,11861],{"class":192},[52,79550,3420],{"class":188},[52,79552,3756],{"class":66},[1324,79554,79556,79557,79559],{"id":79555},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79558,14956],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79561,79562,79563,89],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79564,14956],{},[20,79566,79567,79568,79570],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79569,64417],{}," will not do that:",[43,79572,79574],{"className":45,"code":79573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79575,79576,79608,79626,79630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79577,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79579,1025],{"class":58},[52,79581,63],{"class":62},[52,79583,3743],{"class":66},[52,79585,189],{"class":188},[52,79587,1145],{"class":192},[52,79589,189],{"class":188},[52,79591,74],{"class":66},[52,79593,200],{"class":188},[52,79595,38464],{"class":192},[52,79597,189],{"class":188},[52,79599,74],{"class":66},[52,79601,200],{"class":188},[52,79603,1125],{"class":192},[52,79605,189],{"class":188},[52,79607,3756],{"class":66},[52,79609,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620,79622,79624],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79611,1043],{"class":58},[52,79613,89],{"class":66},[52,79615,34907],{"class":92},[52,79617,122],{"class":66},[52,79619,14956],{"class":9298},[52,79621,63],{"class":62},[52,79623,11279],{"class":118},[52,79625,127],{"class":66},[52,79627,79628],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79629,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,79631,79632,79634,79636,79638],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,79633,119],{"class":118},[52,79635,122],{"class":66},[52,79637,1043],{"class":92},[52,79639,127],{"class":66},[1324,79641,79643],{"id":79642},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79645,79646],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[43,79648,79650],{"className":45,"code":79649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79651,79652,79686,79696,79700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79653,79654,79656,79658,79660,79662,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79682,79684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79655,1025],{"class":58},[52,79657,63],{"class":62},[52,79659,3743],{"class":66},[52,79661,189],{"class":188},[52,79663,79664],{"class":192},"zebra",[52,79666,189],{"class":188},[52,79668,74],{"class":66},[52,79670,200],{"class":188},[52,79672,57877],{"class":192},[52,79674,189],{"class":188},[52,79676,74],{"class":66},[52,79678,200],{"class":188},[52,79680,79681],{"class":192},"monkey",[52,79683,189],{"class":188},[52,79685,3756],{"class":66},[52,79687,79688,79690,79692,79694],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79689,1043],{"class":58},[52,79691,89],{"class":66},[52,79693,34907],{"class":92},[52,79695,8764],{"class":66},[52,79697,79698],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79699,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,79701,79702,79704,79706,79708],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,79703,119],{"class":118},[52,79705,122],{"class":66},[52,79707,1043],{"class":92},[52,79709,127],{"class":66},[20,79711,2193],{},[43,79713,79715],{"className":45,"code":79714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79716,79717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79718,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79720,4020],{"class":66},[52,79722,3420],{"class":188},[52,79724,57877],{"class":192},[52,79726,3420],{"class":188},[52,79728,74],{"class":66},[52,79730,3415],{"class":188},[52,79732,79681],{"class":192},[52,79734,3420],{"class":188},[52,79736,74],{"class":66},[52,79738,3415],{"class":188},[52,79740,79664],{"class":192},[52,79742,3420],{"class":188},[52,79744,3756],{"class":66},[20,79746,137,79747,79749],{},[15,79748,78689],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1324,79751,60819],{"id":60818},[20,79753,79754],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,79756,79758],{"className":45,"code":79757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79759,79760,79770,79784,79798,79812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79761,79762,79764,79766,79768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79763,119],{"class":118},[52,79765,122],{"class":66},[52,79767,8459],{"class":92},[52,79769,127],{"class":66},[52,79771,79772,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,79773,119],{"class":118},[52,79775,122],{"class":66},[52,79777,3340],{"class":3020},[52,79779,122],{"class":66},[52,79781,8459],{"class":92},[52,79783,2150],{"class":66},[52,79785,79786,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79787,119],{"class":118},[52,79789,122],{"class":66},[52,79791,8459],{"class":92},[52,79793,89],{"class":66},[52,79795,34907],{"class":92},[52,79797,7312],{"class":66},[52,79799,79800,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,79801,119],{"class":118},[52,79803,122],{"class":66},[52,79805,74618],{"class":118},[52,79807,122],{"class":66},[52,79809,8459],{"class":92},[52,79811,2150],{"class":66},[52,79813,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,79815,119],{"class":118},[52,79817,96],{"class":66},[52,79819,3340],{"class":3020},[52,79821,122],{"class":66},[52,79823,23420],{"class":92},[52,79825,3782],{"class":66},[52,79827,3997],{"class":3996},[52,79829,6080],{"class":92},[52,79831,4003],{"class":3996},[52,79833,8516],{"class":92},[52,79835,112],{"class":66},[20,79837,11288],{},[154,79839,79840,79843,79846,79853,79859],{},[157,79841,79842],{},"What values are in the list",[157,79844,79845],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[157,79847,79848,79849,442,79851],{},"That ",[15,79850,64417],{},[15,79852,445],{},[157,79854,79855,79856,79858],{},"Whether ",[15,79857,74528],{}," works better for your case",[157,79860,79861],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79863,79864,79865,79867],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79866,1713],{}," problems.",[38,79869,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,79871,1937,79873,55578],{"id":79872},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79874,77971],{},[20,79876,62708,79877,89],{},[15,79878,445],{},[1324,79880,1959,79882,668,79884,1964],{"id":79881},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79883,64417],{},[15,79885,74528],{},[20,79887,79888,79890,79891,79893],{},[15,79889,64417],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79892,74528],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1324,79895,79897],{"id":79896},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79899,18806],{},[43,79901,79903],{"className":45,"code":79902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79904,79905],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79906,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79908,8459],{"class":58},[52,79910,89],{"class":66},[52,79912,34907],{"class":92},[52,79914,122],{"class":66},[52,79916,73681],{"class":9298},[52,79918,63],{"class":62},[52,79920,3726],{"class":3971},[52,79922,127],{"class":66},[1324,79924,79926],{"id":79925},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79928,18806],{},[43,79930,79932],{"className":45,"code":79931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79933,79934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79935,79936,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79937,8459],{"class":58},[52,79939,89],{"class":66},[52,79941,34907],{"class":92},[52,79943,122],{"class":66},[52,79945,14956],{"class":9298},[52,79947,63],{"class":62},[52,79949,3564],{"class":3020},[52,79951,89],{"class":66},[52,79953,8761],{"class":24860},[52,79955,127],{"class":66},[20,79957,79958],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1324,79960,79962,79963,79965],{"id":79961},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79964,1713],{}," when sorting?",[20,79967,79968],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[38,79970,1996],{"id":1995},[154,79972,79973,79978,79984,79988],{},[157,79974,79975],{},[30,79976,79977],{"href":78480},"How to sort a list in Python",[157,79979,79980],{},[30,79981,3697,79982,5902],{"href":74625},[15,79983,74528],{},[157,79985,79986],{},[30,79987,67181],{"href":51088},[157,79989,79990],{},[30,79991,79230],{"href":79229},[2044,79993,79994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":79996},[79997,79998,80000,80001,80002,80003,80005,80007,80018,80028],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":78037,"depth":83,"text":79999},"What list.sort() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":78292,"depth":83,"text":78293},{"id":78484,"depth":83,"text":78485},{"id":78806,"depth":83,"text":80004},"Using the key argument",{"id":79071,"depth":83,"text":80006},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":80008},[80009,80011,80012,80014,80016,80017],{"id":79240,"depth":115,"text":80010},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79349,"depth":115,"text":79350},{"id":79401,"depth":115,"text":80013},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79555,"depth":115,"text":80015},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79642,"depth":115,"text":79643},{"id":60818,"depth":115,"text":60819},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":80019},[80020,80022,80024,80025,80026],{"id":79872,"depth":115,"text":80021},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79881,"depth":115,"text":80023},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79896,"depth":115,"text":79897},{"id":79925,"depth":115,"text":79926},{"id":79961,"depth":115,"text":80027},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77959,"description":80029},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80036,"title":80037,"body":80038,"description":82666,"extension":2083,"meta":82667,"navigation":240,"path":82668,"seo":82669,"stem":82670,"__hash__":82671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80039,"toc":82625},[80040,80045,80050,80053,80064,80067,80087,80089,80151,80153,80194,80203,80208,80213,80219,80230,80232,80251,80254,80259,80264,80266,80271,80285,80287,80305,80307,80324,80327,80333,80356,80361,80363,80366,80427,80429,80462,80464,80503,80511,80521,80527,80532,80625,80627,80651,80653,80671,80674,80704,80710,80715,80718,80720,80845,80847,80871,80873,80892,80898,80904,81023,81025,81042,81049,81055,81060,81067,81073,81075,81132,81135,81156,81159,81162,81223,81225,81258,81262,81332,81334,81351,81355,81358,81433,81435,81472,81475,81478,81549,81551,81612,81617,81622,81625,81639,81641,81714,81716,81736,81739,81742,81799,81861,81864,81896,81899,81914,81919,81921,81927,81930,81986,81989,81991,82010,82014,82016,82060,82069,82071,82131,82135,82138,82140,82232,82234,82349,82353,82355,82429,82432,82435,82437,82442,82507,82509,82533,82543,82545,82551,82560,82569,82578,82584,82587,82591,82594,82596,82622],[10,80041,3697,80043,3701],{"id":80042},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80044,39823],{},[20,80046,3704,80047,80049],{},[15,80048,39823],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80051,80052],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[154,80054,80055,80058,80061],{},[157,80056,80057],{},"converting numbers to strings",[157,80059,80060],{},"changing strings to integers",[157,80062,80063],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80065,80066],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[154,80068,80069,80076,80082],{},[157,80070,80071,982,80073,80075],{},[15,80072,39823],{},[984,80074,986],{}," return a list in Python 3",[157,80077,80078,80079],{},"it returns a ",[984,80080,80081],{},"map object",[157,80083,80084,80085],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80086,24891],{},[38,80088,2125],{"id":2124},[43,80090,80092],{"className":45,"code":80091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80093,80094,80118,80137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80095,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80097,59],{"class":58},[52,80099,63],{"class":62},[52,80101,3743],{"class":66},[52,80103,71],{"class":70},[52,80105,74],{"class":66},[52,80107,77],{"class":70},[52,80109,74],{"class":66},[52,80111,104],{"class":70},[52,80113,74],{"class":66},[52,80115,109],{"class":70},[52,80117,3756],{"class":66},[52,80119,80120,80122,80124,80127,80129,80131,80133,80135],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,80121,474],{"class":58},[52,80123,63],{"class":62},[52,80125,80126],{"class":118}," map",[52,80128,122],{"class":66},[52,80130,3564],{"class":3020},[52,80132,74],{"class":66},[52,80134,479],{"class":92},[52,80136,127],{"class":66},[52,80138,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80140,119],{"class":118},[52,80142,122],{"class":66},[52,80144,8213],{"class":3020},[52,80146,122],{"class":66},[52,80148,507],{"class":92},[52,80150,2150],{"class":66},[20,80152,2193],{},[43,80154,80156],{"className":45,"code":80155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80157,80158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80159,80160,80162,80164,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80161,4020],{"class":66},[52,80163,3420],{"class":188},[52,80165,71],{"class":192},[52,80167,3420],{"class":188},[52,80169,74],{"class":66},[52,80171,3415],{"class":188},[52,80173,99],{"class":192},[52,80175,3420],{"class":188},[52,80177,74],{"class":66},[52,80179,3415],{"class":188},[52,80181,488],{"class":192},[52,80183,3420],{"class":188},[52,80185,74],{"class":66},[52,80187,3415],{"class":188},[52,80189,391],{"class":192},[52,80191,3420],{"class":188},[52,80193,3756],{"class":66},[20,80195,137,80196,80199,80200,80202],{},[15,80197,80198],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80201,24891],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[38,80204,144,80206,147],{"id":80205},"what-map-does",[15,80207,39823],{},[20,80209,80210,80212],{},[15,80211,39823],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80214,80215,80216,80218],{},"An ",[984,80217,290],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[154,80220,80221,80223,80225,80227],{},[157,80222,38008],{},[157,80224,38011],{},[157,80226,38014],{},[157,80228,80229],{},"a range object",[20,80231,30834],{},[43,80233,80235],{"className":45,"code":80234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80236,80237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80238,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80240,39966],{"class":118},[52,80242,122],{"class":66},[52,80244,37967],{"class":92},[52,80246,74],{"class":66},[52,80248,37972],{"class":92},[52,80250,127],{"class":66},[20,80252,80253],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80255,80256,80257,33848],{},"Important: the result is a ",[984,80258,80081],{},[20,80260,80261,80262,89],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[30,80263,5254],{"href":5253},[38,80265,268],{"id":267},[20,80267,80268,80270],{},[15,80269,39823],{}," needs at least two parts:",[154,80272,80273,80279],{},[157,80274,80275,80278],{},[984,80276,80277],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[157,80280,80281,80284],{},[984,80282,80283],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80286,3826],{},[43,80288,80289],{"className":45,"code":80234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80290,80291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80292,80293,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80294,39966],{"class":118},[52,80296,122],{"class":66},[52,80298,37967],{"class":92},[52,80300,74],{"class":66},[52,80302,37972],{"class":92},[52,80304,127],{"class":66},[20,80306,295],{},[154,80308,80309,80318,80321],{},[157,80310,80311,80312,2311,80314,2315,80316],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80313,3564],{},[15,80315,2310],{},[15,80317,2139],{},[157,80319,80320],{},"your own custom function",[157,80322,80323],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80325,80326],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80328,80329,80330,80332],{},"You will often see ",[15,80331,39823],{}," used like this:",[43,80334,80336],{"className":45,"code":80335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80337,80338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80339,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80341,8213],{"class":3020},[52,80343,122],{"class":66},[52,80345,39966],{"class":118},[52,80347,122],{"class":66},[52,80349,37967],{"class":92},[52,80351,74],{"class":66},[52,80353,4006],{"class":92},[52,80355,2150],{"class":66},[20,80357,6794,80358,80360],{},[15,80359,24891],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[38,80362,11592],{"id":11591},[20,80364,80365],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[43,80367,80369],{"className":45,"code":80368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80370,80371,80391,80409,80413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80372,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383,80385,80387,80389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80374,59],{"class":58},[52,80376,63],{"class":62},[52,80378,3743],{"class":66},[52,80380,2452],{"class":70},[52,80382,74],{"class":66},[52,80384,7908],{"class":70},[52,80386,74],{"class":66},[52,80388,7913],{"class":70},[52,80390,3756],{"class":66},[52,80392,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,80394,474],{"class":58},[52,80396,63],{"class":62},[52,80398,80126],{"class":118},[52,80400,122],{"class":66},[52,80402,3564],{"class":3020},[52,80404,74],{"class":66},[52,80406,479],{"class":92},[52,80408,127],{"class":66},[52,80410,80411],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80412,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80414,80415,80417,80419,80421,80423,80425],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,80416,119],{"class":118},[52,80418,122],{"class":66},[52,80420,8213],{"class":3020},[52,80422,122],{"class":66},[52,80424,507],{"class":92},[52,80426,2150],{"class":66},[20,80428,2193],{},[43,80430,80432],{"className":45,"code":80431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80433,80434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80435,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80437,4020],{"class":66},[52,80439,3420],{"class":188},[52,80441,2452],{"class":192},[52,80443,3420],{"class":188},[52,80445,74],{"class":66},[52,80447,3415],{"class":188},[52,80449,15867],{"class":192},[52,80451,3420],{"class":188},[52,80453,74],{"class":66},[52,80455,3415],{"class":188},[52,80457,36948],{"class":192},[52,80459,3420],{"class":188},[52,80461,3756],{"class":66},[20,80463,656],{},[154,80465,80466,80471,80479,80487,80495],{},[157,80467,80468,80470],{},[15,80469,86],{}," contains integers",[157,80472,80473,80476,80477],{},[15,80474,80475],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80478,47791],{},[157,80480,80481,42263,80484],{},[15,80482,80483],{},"str(10)",[15,80485,80486],{},"'10'",[157,80488,80489,42263,80492],{},[15,80490,80491],{},"str(20)",[15,80493,80494],{},"'20'",[157,80496,80497,42263,80500],{},[15,80498,80499],{},"str(30)",[15,80501,80502],{},"'30'",[20,80504,53762,80505,80507,80508,80510],{},[15,80506,39823],{}," applies ",[15,80509,47791],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80512,80513,80514,80516,80517,89],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80515,24891],{}," better, see ",[30,80518,3697,80519,3630],{"href":64952},[15,80520,24891],{},[38,80522,8538,80524,80526],{"id":80523},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80525,39823],{}," with your own function",[20,80528,15827,80529,80531],{},[15,80530,39823],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[43,80533,80535],{"className":45,"code":80534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80536,80537,80550,80560,80564,80588,80607,80611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80538,80539,80541,80544,80546,80548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80540,34959],{"class":2187},[52,80542,80543],{"class":34962}," double",[52,80545,122],{"class":66},[52,80547,930],{"class":37769},[52,80549,8462],{"class":66},[52,80551,80552,80554,80556,80558],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,80553,34970],{"class":3996},[52,80555,4000],{"class":58},[52,80557,39979],{"class":62},[52,80559,45698],{"class":70},[52,80561,80562],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80563,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80565,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,80567,59],{"class":58},[52,80569,63],{"class":62},[52,80571,3743],{"class":66},[52,80573,71],{"class":70},[52,80575,74],{"class":66},[52,80577,77],{"class":70},[52,80579,74],{"class":66},[52,80581,104],{"class":70},[52,80583,74],{"class":66},[52,80585,109],{"class":70},[52,80587,3756],{"class":66},[52,80589,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598,80601,80603,80605],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,80591,474],{"class":58},[52,80593,63],{"class":62},[52,80595,80126],{"class":118},[52,80597,122],{"class":66},[52,80599,80600],{"class":92},"double",[52,80602,74],{"class":66},[52,80604,479],{"class":92},[52,80606,127],{"class":66},[52,80608,80609],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,80610,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80612,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,80614,119],{"class":118},[52,80616,122],{"class":66},[52,80618,8213],{"class":3020},[52,80620,122],{"class":66},[52,80622,507],{"class":92},[52,80624,2150],{"class":66},[20,80626,2193],{},[43,80628,80629],{"className":45,"code":39992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80630,80631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80632,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80634,4020],{"class":66},[52,80636,99],{"class":70},[52,80638,74],{"class":66},[52,80640,109],{"class":70},[52,80642,74],{"class":66},[52,80644,37750],{"class":70},[52,80646,74],{"class":66},[52,80648,6480],{"class":70},[52,80650,3756],{"class":66},[20,80652,65689],{},[154,80654,80655,80662,80668],{},[157,80656,80657,80659,80660],{},[15,80658,39823],{}," takes the function ",[15,80661,80600],{},[157,80663,80664,80665,80667],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80666,86],{}," into that function",[157,80669,80670],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80672,80673],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[154,80675,80676,80683,80690,80697],{},[157,80677,80678,6192,80681],{},[15,80679,80680],{},"double(1)",[15,80682,99],{},[157,80684,80685,6192,80688],{},[15,80686,80687],{},"double(2)",[15,80689,391],{},[157,80691,80692,6192,80695],{},[15,80693,80694],{},"double(3)",[15,80696,404],{},[157,80698,80699,6192,80702],{},[15,80700,80701],{},"double(4)",[15,80703,2467],{},[38,80705,8538,80707,80709],{"id":80706},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80708,39823],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80711,80712,80714],{},[15,80713,39823],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80716,80717],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80719,347],{},[43,80721,80723],{"className":45,"code":80722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80724,80725,80742,80752,80756,80777,80798,80802,80827,80831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80726,80727,80729,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80728,34959],{"class":2187},[52,80730,80731],{"class":34962}," add_numbers",[52,80733,122],{"class":66},[52,80735,30],{"class":37769},[52,80737,74],{"class":66},[52,80739,337],{"class":37769},[52,80741,8462],{"class":66},[52,80743,80744,80746,80748,80750],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,80745,34970],{"class":3996},[52,80747,44654],{"class":58},[52,80749,2182],{"class":62},[52,80751,36290],{"class":58},[52,80753,80754],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80755,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80757,80758,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,80759,80760],{"class":58},"list1 ",[52,80762,63],{"class":62},[52,80764,3743],{"class":66},[52,80766,71],{"class":70},[52,80768,74],{"class":66},[52,80770,77],{"class":70},[52,80772,74],{"class":66},[52,80774,104],{"class":70},[52,80776,3756],{"class":66},[52,80778,80779,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,80780,80781],{"class":58},"list2 ",[52,80783,63],{"class":62},[52,80785,3743],{"class":66},[52,80787,2452],{"class":70},[52,80789,74],{"class":66},[52,80791,7908],{"class":70},[52,80793,74],{"class":66},[52,80795,7913],{"class":70},[52,80797,3756],{"class":66},[52,80799,80800],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,80801,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80803,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80815,80817,80820,80822,80825],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,80805,474],{"class":58},[52,80807,63],{"class":62},[52,80809,80126],{"class":118},[52,80811,122],{"class":66},[52,80813,80814],{"class":92},"add_numbers",[52,80816,74],{"class":66},[52,80818,80819],{"class":92}," list1",[52,80821,74],{"class":66},[52,80823,80824],{"class":92}," list2",[52,80826,127],{"class":66},[52,80828,80829],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,80830,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80832,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,80834,119],{"class":118},[52,80836,122],{"class":66},[52,80838,8213],{"class":3020},[52,80840,122],{"class":66},[52,80842,507],{"class":92},[52,80844,2150],{"class":66},[20,80846,2193],{},[43,80848,80850],{"className":45,"code":80849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80851,80852],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80853,80854,80856,80859,80861,80864,80866,80869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80855,4020],{"class":66},[52,80857,80858],{"class":70},"11",[52,80860,74],{"class":66},[52,80862,80863],{"class":70}," 22",[52,80865,74],{"class":66},[52,80867,80868],{"class":70}," 33",[52,80870,3756],{"class":66},[20,80872,2300],{},[154,80874,80875,80881,80887],{},[157,80876,80877,80878],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80879,80880],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[157,80882,80883,80884],{},"then ",[15,80885,80886],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[157,80888,80883,80889],{},[15,80890,80891],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1324,80893,80895,80897],{"id":80894},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80896,39823],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80899,80900,80901,80903],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80902,39823],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[43,80905,80907],{"className":45,"code":80906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80908,80909,80925,80935,80939,80963,80979,80983,81005,81009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80910,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80912,34959],{"class":2187},[52,80914,80731],{"class":34962},[52,80916,122],{"class":66},[52,80918,30],{"class":37769},[52,80920,74],{"class":66},[52,80922,337],{"class":37769},[52,80924,8462],{"class":66},[52,80926,80927,80929,80931,80933],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,80928,34970],{"class":3996},[52,80930,44654],{"class":58},[52,80932,2182],{"class":62},[52,80934,36290],{"class":58},[52,80936,80937],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80938,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80940,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,80942,80760],{"class":58},[52,80944,63],{"class":62},[52,80946,3743],{"class":66},[52,80948,71],{"class":70},[52,80950,74],{"class":66},[52,80952,77],{"class":70},[52,80954,74],{"class":66},[52,80956,104],{"class":70},[52,80958,74],{"class":66},[52,80960,109],{"class":70},[52,80962,3756],{"class":66},[52,80964,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,80966,80781],{"class":58},[52,80968,63],{"class":62},[52,80970,3743],{"class":66},[52,80972,2452],{"class":70},[52,80974,74],{"class":66},[52,80976,7908],{"class":70},[52,80978,3756],{"class":66},[52,80980,80981],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,80982,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,80984,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,80986,474],{"class":58},[52,80988,63],{"class":62},[52,80990,80126],{"class":118},[52,80992,122],{"class":66},[52,80994,80814],{"class":92},[52,80996,74],{"class":66},[52,80998,80819],{"class":92},[52,81000,74],{"class":66},[52,81002,80824],{"class":92},[52,81004,127],{"class":66},[52,81006,81007],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,81008,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81010,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,81012,119],{"class":118},[52,81014,122],{"class":66},[52,81016,8213],{"class":3020},[52,81018,122],{"class":66},[52,81020,507],{"class":92},[52,81022,2150],{"class":66},[20,81024,2193],{},[43,81026,81028],{"className":45,"code":81027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81029,81030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81031,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81033,4020],{"class":66},[52,81035,80858],{"class":70},[52,81037,74],{"class":66},[52,81039,80863],{"class":70},[52,81041,3756],{"class":66},[20,81043,81044,81045,81048],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81046,81047],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[38,81050,81052,81054],{"id":81051},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81053,39823],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81056,38130,81057,81059],{},[15,81058,39823],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81061,81062,81063,81066],{},"This object is ",[984,81064,81065],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1324,81068,2609,81070,81072],{"id":81069},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81071,33134],{}," looks strange",[20,81074,33749],{},[43,81076,81078],{"className":45,"code":81077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81079,81080,81100,81118,81122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81081,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81083,59],{"class":58},[52,81085,63],{"class":62},[52,81087,3743],{"class":66},[52,81089,71],{"class":70},[52,81091,74],{"class":66},[52,81093,77],{"class":70},[52,81095,74],{"class":66},[52,81097,104],{"class":70},[52,81099,3756],{"class":66},[52,81101,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81103,474],{"class":58},[52,81105,63],{"class":62},[52,81107,80126],{"class":118},[52,81109,122],{"class":66},[52,81111,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81113,74],{"class":66},[52,81115,479],{"class":92},[52,81117,127],{"class":66},[52,81119,81120],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81121,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81123,81124,81126,81128,81130],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,81125,119],{"class":118},[52,81127,122],{"class":66},[52,81129,507],{"class":92},[52,81131,127],{"class":66},[20,81133,81134],{},"Output will look something like this:",[43,81136,81138],{"className":45,"code":81137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81139,81140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81141,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81143,3409],{"class":62},[52,81145,39966],{"class":118},[52,81147,24727],{"class":3020},[52,81149,37470],{"class":58},[52,81151,37474],{"class":37473},[52,81153,37477],{"class":34560},[52,81155,3423],{"class":62},[20,81157,81158],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81160,81161],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[43,81163,81165],{"className":45,"code":81164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81166,81167,81187,81205,81209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81168,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81170,59],{"class":58},[52,81172,63],{"class":62},[52,81174,3743],{"class":66},[52,81176,71],{"class":70},[52,81178,74],{"class":66},[52,81180,77],{"class":70},[52,81182,74],{"class":66},[52,81184,104],{"class":70},[52,81186,3756],{"class":66},[52,81188,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81190,474],{"class":58},[52,81192,63],{"class":62},[52,81194,80126],{"class":118},[52,81196,122],{"class":66},[52,81198,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81200,74],{"class":66},[52,81202,479],{"class":92},[52,81204,127],{"class":66},[52,81206,81207],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81208,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81210,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,81212,119],{"class":118},[52,81214,122],{"class":66},[52,81216,8213],{"class":3020},[52,81218,122],{"class":66},[52,81220,507],{"class":92},[52,81222,2150],{"class":66},[20,81224,2193],{},[43,81226,81228],{"className":45,"code":81227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81229,81230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81231,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81233,4020],{"class":66},[52,81235,3420],{"class":188},[52,81237,71],{"class":192},[52,81239,3420],{"class":188},[52,81241,74],{"class":66},[52,81243,3415],{"class":188},[52,81245,99],{"class":192},[52,81247,3420],{"class":188},[52,81249,74],{"class":66},[52,81251,3415],{"class":188},[52,81253,488],{"class":192},[52,81255,3420],{"class":188},[52,81257,3756],{"class":66},[1324,81259,81261],{"id":81260},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[43,81263,81265],{"className":45,"code":81264,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81266,81267,81287,81305,81309,81322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81268,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81270,59],{"class":58},[52,81272,63],{"class":62},[52,81274,3743],{"class":66},[52,81276,71],{"class":70},[52,81278,74],{"class":66},[52,81280,77],{"class":70},[52,81282,74],{"class":66},[52,81284,104],{"class":70},[52,81286,3756],{"class":66},[52,81288,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81290,474],{"class":58},[52,81292,63],{"class":62},[52,81294,80126],{"class":118},[52,81296,122],{"class":66},[52,81298,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81300,74],{"class":66},[52,81302,479],{"class":92},[52,81304,127],{"class":66},[52,81306,81307],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81308,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81310,81311,81313,81315,81317,81320],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,81312,6077],{"class":3996},[52,81314,6080],{"class":58},[52,81316,4003],{"class":3996},[52,81318,81319],{"class":58}," result",[52,81321,6514],{"class":66},[52,81323,81324,81326,81328,81330],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,81325,8188],{"class":118},[52,81327,122],{"class":66},[52,81329,23420],{"class":92},[52,81331,127],{"class":66},[20,81333,2193],{},[43,81335,81337],{"className":45,"code":81336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81338,81339,81343,81347],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81340,81341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81342,47024],{"class":70},[52,81344,81345],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81346,17170],{"class":70},[52,81348,81349],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81350,46724],{"class":70},[1324,81352,81354],{"id":81353},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81356,81357],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[43,81359,81361],{"className":45,"code":81360,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81362,81363,81383,81401,81405,81419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81364,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81366,59],{"class":58},[52,81368,63],{"class":62},[52,81370,3743],{"class":66},[52,81372,71],{"class":70},[52,81374,74],{"class":66},[52,81376,77],{"class":70},[52,81378,74],{"class":66},[52,81380,104],{"class":70},[52,81382,3756],{"class":66},[52,81384,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81386,474],{"class":58},[52,81388,63],{"class":62},[52,81390,80126],{"class":118},[52,81392,122],{"class":66},[52,81394,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81396,74],{"class":66},[52,81398,479],{"class":92},[52,81400,127],{"class":66},[52,81402,81403],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81404,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81406,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,81408,119],{"class":118},[52,81410,122],{"class":66},[52,81412,8213],{"class":3020},[52,81414,122],{"class":66},[52,81416,507],{"class":92},[52,81418,2150],{"class":66},[52,81420,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,81422,119],{"class":118},[52,81424,122],{"class":66},[52,81426,8213],{"class":3020},[52,81428,122],{"class":66},[52,81430,507],{"class":92},[52,81432,2150],{"class":66},[20,81434,2193],{},[43,81436,81438],{"className":45,"code":81437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81439,81440,81468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81441,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81443,4020],{"class":66},[52,81445,3420],{"class":188},[52,81447,71],{"class":192},[52,81449,3420],{"class":188},[52,81451,74],{"class":66},[52,81453,3415],{"class":188},[52,81455,99],{"class":192},[52,81457,3420],{"class":188},[52,81459,74],{"class":66},[52,81461,3415],{"class":188},[52,81463,488],{"class":192},[52,81465,3420],{"class":188},[52,81467,3756],{"class":66},[52,81469,81470],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81471,38404],{"class":66},[20,81473,81474],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81476,81477],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[43,81479,81481],{"className":45,"code":81480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81482,81483,81503,81525,81529,81539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81484,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81486,59],{"class":58},[52,81488,63],{"class":62},[52,81490,3743],{"class":66},[52,81492,71],{"class":70},[52,81494,74],{"class":66},[52,81496,77],{"class":70},[52,81498,74],{"class":66},[52,81500,104],{"class":70},[52,81502,3756],{"class":66},[52,81504,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81506,474],{"class":58},[52,81508,63],{"class":62},[52,81510,22669],{"class":3020},[52,81512,122],{"class":66},[52,81514,39966],{"class":118},[52,81516,122],{"class":66},[52,81518,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81520,74],{"class":66},[52,81522,479],{"class":92},[52,81524,2150],{"class":66},[52,81526,81527],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81528,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81530,81531,81533,81535,81537],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,81532,119],{"class":118},[52,81534,122],{"class":66},[52,81536,507],{"class":92},[52,81538,127],{"class":66},[52,81540,81541,81543,81545,81547],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,81542,119],{"class":118},[52,81544,122],{"class":66},[52,81546,507],{"class":92},[52,81548,127],{"class":66},[20,81550,2193],{},[43,81552,81554],{"className":45,"code":81553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81555,81556,81584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81557,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81559,4020],{"class":66},[52,81561,3420],{"class":188},[52,81563,71],{"class":192},[52,81565,3420],{"class":188},[52,81567,74],{"class":66},[52,81569,3415],{"class":188},[52,81571,99],{"class":192},[52,81573,3420],{"class":188},[52,81575,74],{"class":66},[52,81577,3415],{"class":188},[52,81579,488],{"class":192},[52,81581,3420],{"class":188},[52,81583,3756],{"class":66},[52,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81587,4020],{"class":66},[52,81589,3420],{"class":188},[52,81591,71],{"class":192},[52,81593,3420],{"class":188},[52,81595,74],{"class":66},[52,81597,3415],{"class":188},[52,81599,99],{"class":192},[52,81601,3420],{"class":188},[52,81603,74],{"class":66},[52,81605,3415],{"class":188},[52,81607,488],{"class":192},[52,81609,3420],{"class":188},[52,81611,3756],{"class":66},[38,81613,5078,81615],{"id":81614},"when-to-use-map",[15,81616,39823],{},[20,81618,81619,81621],{},[15,81620,39823],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81623,81624],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[154,81626,81627,81631,81635],{},[157,81628,81629],{},[15,81630,3564],{},[157,81632,81633],{},[15,81634,2310],{},[157,81636,81637],{},[15,81638,2139],{},[20,81640,347],{},[43,81642,81644],{"className":45,"code":81643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81645,81646,81678,81700,81704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81647,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81649,357],{"class":58},[52,81651,63],{"class":62},[52,81653,3743],{"class":66},[52,81655,3420],{"class":188},[52,81657,71],{"class":192},[52,81659,3420],{"class":188},[52,81661,74],{"class":66},[52,81663,3415],{"class":188},[52,81665,99],{"class":192},[52,81667,3420],{"class":188},[52,81669,74],{"class":66},[52,81671,3415],{"class":188},[52,81673,488],{"class":192},[52,81675,3420],{"class":188},[52,81677,3756],{"class":66},[52,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81681,59],{"class":58},[52,81683,63],{"class":62},[52,81685,22669],{"class":3020},[52,81687,122],{"class":66},[52,81689,39966],{"class":118},[52,81691,122],{"class":66},[52,81693,2310],{"class":3020},[52,81695,74],{"class":66},[52,81697,4006],{"class":92},[52,81699,2150],{"class":66},[52,81701,81702],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81703,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81705,81706,81708,81710,81712],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,81707,119],{"class":118},[52,81709,122],{"class":66},[52,81711,86],{"class":92},[52,81713,127],{"class":66},[20,81715,2193],{},[43,81717,81718],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81719,81720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81721,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81723,4020],{"class":66},[52,81725,71],{"class":70},[52,81727,74],{"class":66},[52,81729,77],{"class":70},[52,81731,74],{"class":66},[52,81733,104],{"class":70},[52,81735,3756],{"class":66},[20,81737,81738],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81740,81741],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[43,81743,81745],{"className":45,"code":81744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81746,81747,81767,81789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81748,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761,81763,81765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81750,59],{"class":58},[52,81752,63],{"class":62},[52,81754,3743],{"class":66},[52,81756,71],{"class":70},[52,81758,74],{"class":66},[52,81760,77],{"class":70},[52,81762,74],{"class":66},[52,81764,104],{"class":70},[52,81766,3756],{"class":66},[52,81768,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81770,474],{"class":58},[52,81772,63],{"class":62},[52,81774,22669],{"class":3020},[52,81776,122],{"class":66},[52,81778,39966],{"class":118},[52,81780,122],{"class":66},[52,81782,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81784,74],{"class":66},[52,81786,479],{"class":92},[52,81788,2150],{"class":66},[52,81790,81791,81793,81795,81797],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81792,119],{"class":118},[52,81794,122],{"class":66},[52,81796,507],{"class":92},[52,81798,127],{"class":66},[43,81800,81802],{"className":45,"code":81801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81803,81804,81824,81851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81805,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81807,59],{"class":58},[52,81809,63],{"class":62},[52,81811,3743],{"class":66},[52,81813,71],{"class":70},[52,81815,74],{"class":66},[52,81817,77],{"class":70},[52,81819,74],{"class":66},[52,81821,104],{"class":70},[52,81823,3756],{"class":66},[52,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81845,81847,81849],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81827,474],{"class":58},[52,81829,63],{"class":62},[52,81831,3743],{"class":66},[52,81833,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81835,122],{"class":66},[52,81837,76134],{"class":92},[52,81839,3782],{"class":66},[52,81841,3997],{"class":3996},[52,81843,81844],{"class":58}," n ",[52,81846,4003],{"class":3996},[52,81848,479],{"class":58},[52,81850,3756],{"class":66},[52,81852,81853,81855,81857,81859],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81854,119],{"class":118},[52,81856,122],{"class":66},[52,81858,507],{"class":92},[52,81860,127],{"class":66},[20,81862,81863],{},"Both produce:",[43,81865,81866],{"className":45,"code":81227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81867,81868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81869,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892,81894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81871,4020],{"class":66},[52,81873,3420],{"class":188},[52,81875,71],{"class":192},[52,81877,3420],{"class":188},[52,81879,74],{"class":66},[52,81881,3415],{"class":188},[52,81883,99],{"class":192},[52,81885,3420],{"class":188},[52,81887,74],{"class":66},[52,81889,3415],{"class":188},[52,81891,488],{"class":192},[52,81893,3420],{"class":188},[52,81895,3756],{"class":66},[20,81897,81898],{},"A simple rule:",[154,81900,81901,81906,81911],{},[157,81902,40097,81903,81905],{},[15,81904,39823],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[157,81907,40103,81908,81910],{},[15,81909,6077],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[157,81912,81913],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81915,81916,81917,89],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[30,81918,4510],{"href":4509},[38,81920,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,81922,81924,81925],{"id":81923},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81926,24891],{},[20,81928,81929],{},"This is very common:",[43,81931,81932],{"className":45,"code":81077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81933,81934,81954,81972,81976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81935,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81937,59],{"class":58},[52,81939,63],{"class":62},[52,81941,3743],{"class":66},[52,81943,71],{"class":70},[52,81945,74],{"class":66},[52,81947,77],{"class":70},[52,81949,74],{"class":66},[52,81951,104],{"class":70},[52,81953,3756],{"class":66},[52,81955,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,81957,474],{"class":58},[52,81959,63],{"class":62},[52,81961,80126],{"class":118},[52,81963,122],{"class":66},[52,81965,3564],{"class":3020},[52,81967,74],{"class":66},[52,81969,479],{"class":92},[52,81971,127],{"class":66},[52,81973,81974],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81975,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,81977,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,81979,119],{"class":118},[52,81981,122],{"class":66},[52,81983,507],{"class":92},[52,81985,127],{"class":66},[20,81987,81988],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81990,39368],{},[43,81992,81994],{"className":45,"code":81993,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81995,81996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81997,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81999,119],{"class":118},[52,82001,122],{"class":66},[52,82003,8213],{"class":3020},[52,82005,122],{"class":66},[52,82007,507],{"class":92},[52,82009,2150],{"class":66},[1324,82011,82013],{"id":82012},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82015,16757],{},[43,82017,82019],{"className":45,"code":82018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82020,82021,82041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82022,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82024,59],{"class":58},[52,82026,63],{"class":62},[52,82028,3743],{"class":66},[52,82030,71],{"class":70},[52,82032,74],{"class":66},[52,82034,77],{"class":70},[52,82036,74],{"class":66},[52,82038,104],{"class":70},[52,82040,3756],{"class":66},[52,82042,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053,82056,82058],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82044,474],{"class":58},[52,82046,63],{"class":62},[52,82048,80126],{"class":118},[52,82050,122],{"class":66},[52,82052,3564],{"class":3020},[52,82054,82055],{"class":66},"(),",[52,82057,479],{"class":92},[52,82059,127],{"class":66},[20,82061,82062,82063,82065,82066,82068],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82064,47791],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82067,39823],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82070,16769],{},[43,82072,82073],{"className":45,"code":81164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82074,82075,82095,82113,82117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82076,82077,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087,82089,82091,82093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82078,59],{"class":58},[52,82080,63],{"class":62},[52,82082,3743],{"class":66},[52,82084,71],{"class":70},[52,82086,74],{"class":66},[52,82088,77],{"class":70},[52,82090,74],{"class":66},[52,82092,104],{"class":70},[52,82094,3756],{"class":66},[52,82096,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82098,474],{"class":58},[52,82100,63],{"class":62},[52,82102,80126],{"class":118},[52,82104,122],{"class":66},[52,82106,3564],{"class":3020},[52,82108,74],{"class":66},[52,82110,479],{"class":92},[52,82112,127],{"class":66},[52,82114,82115],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82116,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82118,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,82120,119],{"class":118},[52,82122,122],{"class":66},[52,82124,8213],{"class":3020},[52,82126,122],{"class":66},[52,82128,507],{"class":92},[52,82130,2150],{"class":66},[1324,82132,82134],{"id":82133},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82136,82137],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82139,16757],{},[43,82141,82143],{"className":45,"code":82142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82144,82145,82162,82172,82176,82196,82214,82218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82146,82147,82149,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82148,34959],{"class":2187},[52,82150,82151],{"class":34962}," add",[52,82153,122],{"class":66},[52,82155,30],{"class":37769},[52,82157,74],{"class":66},[52,82159,337],{"class":37769},[52,82161,8462],{"class":66},[52,82163,82164,82166,82168,82170],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82165,34970],{"class":3996},[52,82167,44654],{"class":58},[52,82169,2182],{"class":62},[52,82171,36290],{"class":58},[52,82173,82174],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82175,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82177,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188,82190,82192,82194],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,82179,59],{"class":58},[52,82181,63],{"class":62},[52,82183,3743],{"class":66},[52,82185,71],{"class":70},[52,82187,74],{"class":66},[52,82189,77],{"class":70},[52,82191,74],{"class":66},[52,82193,104],{"class":70},[52,82195,3756],{"class":66},[52,82197,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,82199,474],{"class":58},[52,82201,63],{"class":62},[52,82203,80126],{"class":118},[52,82205,122],{"class":66},[52,82207,1048],{"class":92},[52,82209,74],{"class":66},[52,82211,479],{"class":92},[52,82213,127],{"class":66},[52,82215,82216],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,82217,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82219,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,82221,119],{"class":118},[52,82223,122],{"class":66},[52,82225,8213],{"class":3020},[52,82227,122],{"class":66},[52,82229,507],{"class":92},[52,82231,2150],{"class":66},[20,82233,16769],{},[43,82235,82237],{"className":45,"code":82236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82238,82239,82255,82265,82269,82289,82309,82331,82335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82240,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82242,34959],{"class":2187},[52,82244,82151],{"class":34962},[52,82246,122],{"class":66},[52,82248,30],{"class":37769},[52,82250,74],{"class":66},[52,82252,337],{"class":37769},[52,82254,8462],{"class":66},[52,82256,82257,82259,82261,82263],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82258,34970],{"class":3996},[52,82260,44654],{"class":58},[52,82262,2182],{"class":62},[52,82264,36290],{"class":58},[52,82266,82267],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82268,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82270,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,82272,80760],{"class":58},[52,82274,63],{"class":62},[52,82276,3743],{"class":66},[52,82278,71],{"class":70},[52,82280,74],{"class":66},[52,82282,77],{"class":70},[52,82284,74],{"class":66},[52,82286,104],{"class":70},[52,82288,3756],{"class":66},[52,82290,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,82292,80781],{"class":58},[52,82294,63],{"class":62},[52,82296,3743],{"class":66},[52,82298,2452],{"class":70},[52,82300,74],{"class":66},[52,82302,7908],{"class":70},[52,82304,74],{"class":66},[52,82306,7913],{"class":70},[52,82308,3756],{"class":66},[52,82310,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,82312,474],{"class":58},[52,82314,63],{"class":62},[52,82316,80126],{"class":118},[52,82318,122],{"class":66},[52,82320,1048],{"class":92},[52,82322,74],{"class":66},[52,82324,80819],{"class":92},[52,82326,74],{"class":66},[52,82328,80824],{"class":92},[52,82330,127],{"class":66},[52,82332,82333],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,82334,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82336,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,82338,119],{"class":118},[52,82340,122],{"class":66},[52,82342,8213],{"class":3020},[52,82344,122],{"class":66},[52,82346,507],{"class":92},[52,82348,2150],{"class":66},[1324,82350,82352],{"id":82351},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82354,16757],{},[43,82356,82357],{"className":45,"code":81360,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82358,82359,82379,82397,82401,82415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82360,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82362,59],{"class":58},[52,82364,63],{"class":62},[52,82366,3743],{"class":66},[52,82368,71],{"class":70},[52,82370,74],{"class":66},[52,82372,77],{"class":70},[52,82374,74],{"class":66},[52,82376,104],{"class":70},[52,82378,3756],{"class":66},[52,82380,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82382,474],{"class":58},[52,82384,63],{"class":62},[52,82386,80126],{"class":118},[52,82388,122],{"class":66},[52,82390,3564],{"class":3020},[52,82392,74],{"class":66},[52,82394,479],{"class":92},[52,82396,127],{"class":66},[52,82398,82399],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82400,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82402,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411,82413],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,82404,119],{"class":118},[52,82406,122],{"class":66},[52,82408,8213],{"class":3020},[52,82410,122],{"class":66},[52,82412,507],{"class":92},[52,82414,2150],{"class":66},[52,82416,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,82418,119],{"class":118},[52,82420,122],{"class":66},[52,82422,8213],{"class":3020},[52,82424,122],{"class":66},[52,82426,507],{"class":92},[52,82428,2150],{"class":66},[20,82430,82431],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82433,82434],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[38,82436,67999],{"id":67998},[20,82438,8997,82439,82441],{},[15,82440,39823],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,82443,82445],{"className":45,"code":82444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82446,82447,82457,82471,82485,82497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82448,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82450,119],{"class":118},[52,82452,122],{"class":66},[52,82454,507],{"class":92},[52,82456,127],{"class":66},[52,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82460,119],{"class":118},[52,82462,122],{"class":66},[52,82464,8213],{"class":3020},[52,82466,122],{"class":66},[52,82468,507],{"class":92},[52,82470,2150],{"class":66},[52,82472,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481,82483],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82474,119],{"class":118},[52,82476,122],{"class":66},[52,82478,3340],{"class":3020},[52,82480,122],{"class":66},[52,82482,507],{"class":92},[52,82484,2150],{"class":66},[52,82486,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,82488,6077],{"class":3996},[52,82490,6080],{"class":58},[52,82492,4003],{"class":3996},[52,82494,81319],{"class":58},[52,82496,6514],{"class":66},[52,82498,82499,82501,82503,82505],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,82500,8188],{"class":118},[52,82502,122],{"class":66},[52,82504,23420],{"class":92},[52,82506,127],{"class":66},[20,82508,12789],{},[154,82510,82511,82516,82521,82527],{},[157,82512,82513,82515],{},[15,82514,33134],{}," shows that you have a map object",[157,82517,82518,82520],{},[15,82519,33142],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[157,82522,82523,82526],{},[15,82524,82525],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[157,82528,82529,82530,82532],{},"looping over ",[15,82531,507],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82534,82535,82536,82539,82540,82542],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82537,82538],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82541,6077],{}," loop consume the map object.",[38,82544,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,82546,1937,82548,82550],{"id":82547},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82549,39823],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82552,82553,82554,82556,82557,24048],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82555,39823],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82558,82559],{},"list(map(...))",[1324,82561,15018,82563,82565,82566,82568],{"id":82562},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82564,39823],{}," better than a ",[15,82567,6077],{}," loop?",[20,82570,82571,82572,82574,82575,82577],{},"Not always. ",[15,82573,39823],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82576,6077],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1324,82579,5288,82581,82583],{"id":82580},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82582,39823],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82585,82586],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1324,82588,82590],{"id":82589},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82592,82593],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[38,82595,1996],{"id":1995},[154,82597,82598,82604,82610,82614,82618],{},[157,82599,82600],{},[30,82601,3697,82602,3630],{"href":40192},[15,82603,37682],{},[157,82605,82606],{},[30,82607,3697,82608,3630],{"href":64952},[15,82609,24891],{},[157,82611,82612],{},[30,82613,5339],{"href":5249},[157,82615,82616],{},[30,82617,5344],{"href":4509},[157,82619,82620],{},[30,82621,5334],{"href":5253},[2044,82623,82624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":82626},[82627,82628,82630,82631,82632,82634,82639,82646,82648,82655,82656,82665],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":80205,"depth":83,"text":82629},"What map() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":80523,"depth":83,"text":82633},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80706,"depth":83,"text":82635,"children":82636},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82637],{"id":80894,"depth":115,"text":82638},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81051,"depth":83,"text":82640,"children":82641},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82642,82644,82645],{"id":81069,"depth":115,"text":82643},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81260,"depth":115,"text":81261},{"id":81353,"depth":115,"text":81354},{"id":81614,"depth":83,"text":82647},"When to use map()",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":82649},[82650,82652,82653,82654],{"id":81923,"depth":115,"text":82651},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82012,"depth":115,"text":82013},{"id":82133,"depth":115,"text":82134},{"id":82351,"depth":115,"text":82352},{"id":67998,"depth":83,"text":67999},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":82657},[82658,82660,82662,82664],{"id":82547,"depth":115,"text":82659},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82562,"depth":115,"text":82661},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82580,"depth":115,"text":82663},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82589,"depth":115,"text":82590},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80037,"description":82666},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82673,"title":82674,"body":82675,"description":84694,"extension":2083,"meta":84695,"navigation":240,"path":84696,"seo":84697,"stem":84698,"__hash__":84699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82676,"toc":84652},[82677,82683,82688,82691,82699,82702,82704,82828,82830,82848,82850,82870,82875,82879,82893,82896,82899,82901,82906,83018,83021,83039,83045,83048,83110,83112,83121,83124,83138,83140,83188,83190,83199,83209,83215,83218,83245,83247,83255,83258,83261,83330,83332,83340,83343,83348,83353,83404,83406,83414,83417,83419,83436,83438,83490,83493,83499,83503,83508,83511,83515,83574,83576,83585,83591,83600,83604,83667,83669,83677,83682,83686,83691,83771,83773,83782,83789,83794,83799,83802,83837,83839,83847,83850,83856,83858,83908,83910,83919,83922,83940,83942,83947,83953,83960,83987,83989,84012,84017,84052,84057,84063,84068,84111,84114,84117,84156,84163,84169,84174,84189,84193,84200,84203,84207,84212,84216,84221,84223,84284,84286,84315,84320,84327,84336,84338,84341,84366,84368,84471,84474,84492,84501,84503,84508,84511,84517,84520,84522,84532,84538,84542,84600,84607,84615,84617,84649],[10,82678,3697,82680,3701],{"id":82679},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82681,82682],{},"max()",[20,82684,9245,82685,82687],{},[15,82686,82682],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82689,82690],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[154,82692,82693,82696],{},[157,82694,82695],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[157,82697,82698],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82700,82701],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[38,82703,2125],{"id":2124},[43,82705,82707],{"className":45,"code":82706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82708,82709,82733,82748,82752,82778,82782,82814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82710,82711,82713,82715,82717,82719,82721,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82712,59],{"class":58},[52,82714,63],{"class":62},[52,82716,3743],{"class":66},[52,82718,488],{"class":70},[52,82720,74],{"class":66},[52,82722,6480],{"class":70},[52,82724,74],{"class":66},[52,82726,77],{"class":70},[52,82728,74],{"class":66},[52,82730,396],{"class":70},[52,82732,3756],{"class":66},[52,82734,82735,82737,82739,82742,82744,82746],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82736,119],{"class":118},[52,82738,122],{"class":66},[52,82740,82741],{"class":118},"max",[52,82743,122],{"class":66},[52,82745,86],{"class":92},[52,82747,2150],{"class":66},[52,82749,82750],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82751,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82753,82754,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772,82774,82776],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,82755,119],{"class":118},[52,82757,122],{"class":66},[52,82759,82741],{"class":118},[52,82761,122],{"class":66},[52,82763,488],{"class":70},[52,82765,74],{"class":66},[52,82767,6480],{"class":70},[52,82769,74],{"class":66},[52,82771,77],{"class":70},[52,82773,74],{"class":66},[52,82775,396],{"class":70},[52,82777,2150],{"class":66},[52,82779,82780],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,82781,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,82783,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,82785,1025],{"class":58},[52,82787,63],{"class":62},[52,82789,3743],{"class":66},[52,82791,189],{"class":188},[52,82793,1125],{"class":192},[52,82795,189],{"class":188},[52,82797,74],{"class":66},[52,82799,200],{"class":188},[52,82801,1145],{"class":192},[52,82803,189],{"class":188},[52,82805,74],{"class":66},[52,82807,200],{"class":188},[52,82809,78848],{"class":192},[52,82811,189],{"class":188},[52,82813,3756],{"class":66},[52,82815,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,82817,119],{"class":118},[52,82819,122],{"class":66},[52,82821,82741],{"class":118},[52,82823,122],{"class":66},[52,82825,1043],{"class":92},[52,82827,2150],{"class":66},[20,82829,2193],{},[43,82831,82833],{"className":45,"code":82832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82834,82835,82839,82843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82836,82837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82838,2503],{"class":70},[52,82840,82841],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82842,2503],{"class":70},[52,82844,82845],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82846,82847],{"class":58},"pear\n",[20,82849,20068],{},[154,82851,82852,82858,82864],{},[157,82853,82854,82857],{},[15,82855,82856],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[157,82859,82860,82863],{},[15,82861,82862],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[157,82865,82866,82869],{},[15,82867,82868],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[38,82871,144,82873,147],{"id":82872},"what-max-does",[15,82874,82682],{},[20,82876,82877,152],{},[15,82878,82682],{},[154,82880,82881,82884,82887,82890],{},[157,82882,82883],{},"Returns the largest item",[157,82885,82886],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[157,82888,82889],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[157,82891,82892],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82894,82895],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82897,82898],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[38,82900,268],{"id":267},[20,82902,82903,82904,152],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82905,82682],{},[43,82907,82909],{"className":45,"code":82908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82910,82911,82921,82945,82967,82990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82912,82913,82915,82917,82919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82914,82741],{"class":118},[52,82916,122],{"class":66},[52,82918,290],{"class":92},[52,82920,127],{"class":66},[52,82922,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82934,82936,82938,82940,82943],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,82924,82741],{"class":118},[52,82926,122],{"class":66},[52,82928,290],{"class":92},[52,82930,74],{"class":66},[52,82932,82933],{"class":62}," *",[52,82935,74],{"class":66},[52,82937,21690],{"class":9298},[52,82939,63],{"class":62},[52,82941,82942],{"class":92},"func",[52,82944,127],{"class":66},[52,82946,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82948,82741],{"class":118},[52,82950,122],{"class":66},[52,82952,290],{"class":92},[52,82954,74],{"class":66},[52,82956,82933],{"class":62},[52,82958,74],{"class":66},[52,82960,26633],{"class":9298},[52,82962,63],{"class":62},[52,82964,2593],{"class":92},[52,82966,127],{"class":66},[52,82968,82969,82971,82973,82976,82978,82981,82983,82985,82988],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,82970,82741],{"class":118},[52,82972,122],{"class":66},[52,82974,82975],{"class":92},"arg1",[52,82977,74],{"class":66},[52,82979,82980],{"class":92}," arg2",[52,82982,74],{"class":66},[52,82984,82933],{"class":62},[52,82986,82987],{"class":92},"args",[52,82989,127],{"class":66},[52,82991,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004,83006,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,82993,82741],{"class":118},[52,82995,122],{"class":66},[52,82997,82975],{"class":92},[52,82999,74],{"class":66},[52,83001,82980],{"class":92},[52,83003,74],{"class":66},[52,83005,82933],{"class":62},[52,83007,82987],{"class":92},[52,83009,74],{"class":66},[52,83011,21690],{"class":9298},[52,83013,63],{"class":62},[52,83015,82942],{"class":92},[52,83017,127],{"class":66},[20,83019,83020],{},"The most important parts are:",[154,83022,83023,83028,83033],{},[157,83024,83025,83027],{},[15,83026,290],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[157,83029,83030,83032],{},[15,83031,14956],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[157,83034,83035,83038],{},[15,83036,83037],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[38,83040,8538,83042,83044],{"id":83041},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83043,82682],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83046,83047],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[43,83049,83051],{"className":45,"code":83050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83052,83053,83079,83095,83099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83054,83055,83057,83059,83061,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074,83077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83056,5181],{"class":58},[52,83058,63],{"class":62},[52,83060,3743],{"class":66},[52,83062,83063],{"class":70},"72",[52,83065,74],{"class":66},[52,83067,51619],{"class":70},[52,83069,74],{"class":66},[52,83071,13622],{"class":70},[52,83073,74],{"class":66},[52,83075,83076],{"class":70}," 66",[52,83078,3756],{"class":66},[52,83080,83081,83084,83086,83089,83091,83093],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83082,83083],{"class":58},"highest_score ",[52,83085,63],{"class":62},[52,83087,83088],{"class":118}," max",[52,83090,122],{"class":66},[52,83092,16502],{"class":92},[52,83094,127],{"class":66},[52,83096,83097],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,83098,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,83100,83101,83103,83105,83108],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,83102,119],{"class":118},[52,83104,122],{"class":66},[52,83106,83107],{"class":92},"highest_score",[52,83109,127],{"class":66},[20,83111,2193],{},[43,83113,83115],{"className":45,"code":83114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"91\n",[15,83116,83117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83118,83119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83120,83114],{"class":70},[20,83122,83123],{},"This works well for:",[154,83125,83126,83129,83132,83135],{},[157,83127,83128],{},"Scores",[157,83130,83131],{},"Prices",[157,83133,83134],{},"Ages",[157,83136,83137],{},"Counts",[20,83139,52189],{},[43,83141,83143],{"className":45,"code":83142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83144,83145,83173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83146,83147,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83161,83163,83166,83168,83171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83148,83149],{"class":58},"prices ",[52,83151,63],{"class":62},[52,83153,3743],{"class":66},[52,83155,40505],{"class":70},[52,83157,74],{"class":66},[52,83159,83160],{"class":70}," 5.50",[52,83162,74],{"class":66},[52,83164,83165],{"class":70}," 12.75",[52,83167,74],{"class":66},[52,83169,83170],{"class":70}," 29.00",[52,83172,3756],{"class":66},[52,83174,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83186],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83176,119],{"class":118},[52,83178,122],{"class":66},[52,83180,82741],{"class":118},[52,83182,122],{"class":66},[52,83184,83185],{"class":92},"prices",[52,83187,2150],{"class":66},[20,83189,2193],{},[43,83191,83193],{"className":45,"code":83192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"29.0\n",[15,83194,83195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83196,83197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83198,83192],{"class":70},[20,83200,83201,83202,83204,83205,89],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83203,82682],{}," is simpler than ",[30,83206,83207],{"href":74625},[15,83208,74528],{},[38,83210,8538,83212,83214],{"id":83211},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83213,82682],{}," with separate values",[20,83216,83217],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[43,83219,83221],{"className":45,"code":83220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83222,83223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83224,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83226,119],{"class":118},[52,83228,122],{"class":66},[52,83230,82741],{"class":118},[52,83232,122],{"class":66},[52,83234,391],{"class":70},[52,83236,74],{"class":66},[52,83238,31052],{"class":70},[52,83240,74],{"class":66},[52,83242,6113],{"class":70},[52,83244,2150],{"class":66},[20,83246,2193],{},[43,83248,83249],{"className":45,"code":2347,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83250,83251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83252,83253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83254,2347],{"class":70},[20,83256,83257],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83259,83260],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[43,83262,83264],{"className":45,"code":83263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83265,83266,83275,83283,83292,83296,83319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83267,83268,83270,83272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83269,1347],{"class":58},[52,83271,63],{"class":62},[52,83273,83274],{"class":70}," 15\n",[52,83276,83277,83279,83281],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83278,1364],{"class":58},[52,83280,63],{"class":62},[52,83282,2886],{"class":70},[52,83284,83285,83287,83289],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,83286,1467],{"class":58},[52,83288,63],{"class":62},[52,83290,83291],{"class":70}," 27\n",[52,83293,83294],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,83295,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,83297,83298,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,83299,83300],{"class":58},"largest ",[52,83302,63],{"class":62},[52,83304,83088],{"class":118},[52,83306,122],{"class":66},[52,83308,30],{"class":92},[52,83310,74],{"class":66},[52,83312,337],{"class":92},[52,83314,74],{"class":66},[52,83316,342],{"class":92},[52,83318,127],{"class":66},[52,83320,83321,83323,83325,83328],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,83322,119],{"class":118},[52,83324,122],{"class":66},[52,83326,83327],{"class":92},"largest",[52,83329,127],{"class":66},[20,83331,2193],{},[43,83333,83334],{"className":45,"code":46719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83335,83336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83337,83338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83339,46719],{"class":70},[20,83341,83342],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[38,83344,8538,83346,47166],{"id":83345},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83347,82682],{},[20,83349,83350,83352],{},[15,83351,82682],{}," can compare strings too.",[43,83354,83356],{"className":45,"code":83355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83357,83358,83390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83359,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83382,83384,83386,83388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83361,1025],{"class":58},[52,83363,63],{"class":62},[52,83365,3743],{"class":66},[52,83367,189],{"class":188},[52,83369,1125],{"class":192},[52,83371,189],{"class":188},[52,83373,74],{"class":66},[52,83375,200],{"class":188},[52,83377,1145],{"class":192},[52,83379,189],{"class":188},[52,83381,74],{"class":66},[52,83383,200],{"class":188},[52,83385,78848],{"class":192},[52,83387,189],{"class":188},[52,83389,3756],{"class":66},[52,83391,83392,83394,83396,83398,83400,83402],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83393,119],{"class":118},[52,83395,122],{"class":66},[52,83397,82741],{"class":118},[52,83399,122],{"class":66},[52,83401,1043],{"class":92},[52,83403,2150],{"class":66},[20,83405,2193],{},[43,83407,83408],{"className":45,"code":82847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83409,83410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83411,83412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83413,82847],{"class":58},[20,83415,83416],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83418,68387],{},[154,83420,83421,83430,83433],{},[157,83422,83423,83426,83427,83429],{},[15,83424,83425],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83428,65379],{}," alphabetically",[157,83431,83432],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[157,83434,83435],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83437,347],{},[43,83439,83441],{"className":45,"code":83440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83442,83443,83476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83444,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459,83461,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83446,1025],{"class":58},[52,83448,63],{"class":62},[52,83450,3743],{"class":66},[52,83452,189],{"class":188},[52,83454,1125],{"class":192},[52,83456,189],{"class":188},[52,83458,74],{"class":66},[52,83460,200],{"class":188},[52,83462,83463],{"class":192},"Banana",[52,83465,189],{"class":188},[52,83467,74],{"class":66},[52,83469,200],{"class":188},[52,83471,78848],{"class":192},[52,83473,189],{"class":188},[52,83475,3756],{"class":66},[52,83477,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83479,119],{"class":118},[52,83481,122],{"class":66},[52,83483,82741],{"class":118},[52,83485,122],{"class":66},[52,83487,1043],{"class":92},[52,83489,2150],{"class":66},[20,83491,83492],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83494,83495,83496,83498],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83497,14956],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[38,83500,36719,83501,36722],{"id":78806},[15,83502,14956],{},[20,83504,2100,83505,83507],{},[15,83506,14956],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83509,83510],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1324,83512,83514],{"id":83513},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[43,83516,83518],{"className":45,"code":83517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83519,83520,83552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83521,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544,83546,83548,83550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83523,1025],{"class":58},[52,83525,63],{"class":62},[52,83527,3743],{"class":66},[52,83529,189],{"class":188},[52,83531,950],{"class":192},[52,83533,189],{"class":188},[52,83535,74],{"class":66},[52,83537,200],{"class":188},[52,83539,68430],{"class":192},[52,83541,189],{"class":188},[52,83543,74],{"class":66},[52,83545,200],{"class":188},[52,83547,1034],{"class":192},[52,83549,189],{"class":188},[52,83551,3756],{"class":66},[52,83553,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83555,119],{"class":118},[52,83557,122],{"class":66},[52,83559,82741],{"class":118},[52,83561,122],{"class":66},[52,83563,1043],{"class":92},[52,83565,74],{"class":66},[52,83567,21690],{"class":9298},[52,83569,63],{"class":62},[52,83571,11279],{"class":118},[52,83573,2150],{"class":66},[20,83575,2193],{},[43,83577,83579],{"className":45,"code":83578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"elephant\n",[15,83580,83581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83582,83583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83584,83578],{"class":58},[20,83586,20882,83587,83590],{},[15,83588,83589],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83592,83593,83594,33735,83596,89],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83595,42469],{},[30,83597,83598,5902],{"href":42466},[15,83599,42469],{},[1324,83601,83603],{"id":83602},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[43,83605,83607],{"className":45,"code":83606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83608,83609,83641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83610,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637,83639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83612,1025],{"class":58},[52,83614,63],{"class":62},[52,83616,3743],{"class":66},[52,83618,189],{"class":188},[52,83620,1125],{"class":192},[52,83622,189],{"class":188},[52,83624,74],{"class":66},[52,83626,200],{"class":188},[52,83628,83463],{"class":192},[52,83630,189],{"class":188},[52,83632,74],{"class":66},[52,83634,200],{"class":188},[52,83636,78848],{"class":192},[52,83638,189],{"class":188},[52,83640,3756],{"class":66},[52,83642,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83644,119],{"class":118},[52,83646,122],{"class":66},[52,83648,82741],{"class":118},[52,83650,122],{"class":66},[52,83652,1043],{"class":92},[52,83654,74],{"class":66},[52,83656,21690],{"class":9298},[52,83658,63],{"class":62},[52,83660,3564],{"class":3020},[52,83662,89],{"class":66},[52,83664,8761],{"class":24860},[52,83666,2150],{"class":66},[20,83668,2193],{},[43,83670,83671],{"className":45,"code":82847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83672,83673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83674,83675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83676,82847],{"class":58},[20,83678,20882,83679,83681],{},[15,83680,78802],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1324,83683,83685],{"id":83684},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83687,83688,83689,152],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83690,37766],{},[43,83692,83694],{"className":45,"code":83693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83695,83696,83739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83697,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83717,83719,83721,83723,83726,83728,83730,83732,83735,83737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83699,7897],{"class":58},[52,83701,63],{"class":62},[52,83703,3743],{"class":66},[52,83705,189],{"class":188},[52,83707,30],{"class":192},[52,83709,189],{"class":188},[52,83711,74],{"class":66},[52,83713,200],{"class":188},[52,83715,83716],{"class":192},"bb",[52,83718,189],{"class":188},[52,83720,74],{"class":66},[52,83722,200],{"class":188},[52,83724,83725],{"class":192},"cccc",[52,83727,189],{"class":188},[52,83729,74],{"class":66},[52,83731,200],{"class":188},[52,83733,83734],{"class":192},"ddd",[52,83736,189],{"class":188},[52,83738,3756],{"class":66},[52,83740,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83769],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83742,119],{"class":118},[52,83744,122],{"class":66},[52,83746,82741],{"class":118},[52,83748,122],{"class":66},[52,83750,7928],{"class":92},[52,83752,74],{"class":66},[52,83754,21690],{"class":9298},[52,83756,63],{"class":62},[52,83758,37766],{"class":2187},[52,83760,42950],{"class":37769},[52,83762,152],{"class":66},[52,83764,38492],{"class":118},[52,83766,122],{"class":66},[52,83768,34816],{"class":92},[52,83770,3031],{"class":66},[20,83772,2193],{},[43,83774,83776],{"className":45,"code":83775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cccc\n",[15,83777,83778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83779,83780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83781,83775],{"class":58},[20,83783,49658,83784,668,83786,83788],{},[15,83785,83589],{},[15,83787,78689],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[38,83790,36719,83792,36722],{"id":83791},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83793,83037],{},[20,83795,2100,83796,83798],{},[15,83797,83037],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83800,83801],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[43,83803,83805],{"className":45,"code":83804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83806,83807,83815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83808,83809,83811,83813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83810,59],{"class":58},[52,83812,63],{"class":62},[52,83814,7957],{"class":66},[52,83816,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83818,119],{"class":118},[52,83820,122],{"class":66},[52,83822,82741],{"class":118},[52,83824,122],{"class":66},[52,83826,86],{"class":92},[52,83828,74],{"class":66},[52,83830,26633],{"class":9298},[52,83832,63],{"class":62},[52,83834,2243],{"class":70},[52,83836,2150],{"class":66},[20,83838,2193],{},[43,83840,83841],{"className":45,"code":47359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83842,83843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83844,83845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83846,47359],{"class":70},[20,83848,83849],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83851,83852,83853,83855],{},"Without ",[15,83854,83037],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83857,52189],{},[43,83859,83861],{"className":45,"code":83860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83862,83863,83871,83898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83864,83865,83867,83869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83866,1025],{"class":58},[52,83868,63],{"class":62},[52,83870,7957],{"class":66},[52,83872,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83894,83896],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83874,474],{"class":58},[52,83876,63],{"class":62},[52,83878,83088],{"class":118},[52,83880,122],{"class":66},[52,83882,1043],{"class":92},[52,83884,74],{"class":66},[52,83886,26633],{"class":9298},[52,83888,63],{"class":62},[52,83890,189],{"class":188},[52,83892,83893],{"class":192},"no words found",[52,83895,189],{"class":188},[52,83897,127],{"class":66},[52,83899,83900,83902,83904,83906],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,83901,119],{"class":118},[52,83903,122],{"class":66},[52,83905,507],{"class":92},[52,83907,127],{"class":66},[20,83909,2193],{},[43,83911,83913],{"className":45,"code":83912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"no words found\n",[15,83914,83915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83916,83917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83918,83912],{"class":58},[20,83920,83921],{},"Important:",[154,83923,83924,83932],{},[157,83925,83926,83928,83929],{},[15,83927,83037],{}," works with ",[15,83930,83931],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[157,83933,41013,83934,83936,83937],{},[984,83935,986],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83938,83939],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[38,83941,48094],{"id":48093},[20,83943,83944,83945,89],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83946,82682],{},[1324,83948,83950,83952],{"id":83949},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83951,40811],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83954,83955,83956,46017,83958,89],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83957,83037],{},[15,83959,40811],{},[43,83961,83963],{"className":45,"code":83962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83964,83965,83973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83966,83967,83969,83971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83968,59],{"class":58},[52,83970,63],{"class":62},[52,83972,7957],{"class":66},[52,83974,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,83976,119],{"class":118},[52,83978,122],{"class":66},[52,83980,82741],{"class":118},[52,83982,122],{"class":66},[52,83984,86],{"class":92},[52,83986,2150],{"class":66},[20,83988,29791],{},[43,83990,83992],{"className":45,"code":83991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83993,83994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83995,83996,83998,84000,84002,84004,84007,84009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83997,40811],{"class":3020},[52,83999,152],{"class":66},[52,84001,83088],{"class":118},[52,84003,7483],{"class":66},[52,84005,84006],{"class":58}," arg ",[52,84008,12310],{"class":62},[52,84010,84011],{"class":58}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84013,84014,84015,152],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84016,83037],{},[43,84018,84020],{"className":45,"code":84019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84021,84022,84030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84023,84024,84026,84028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84025,59],{"class":58},[52,84027,63],{"class":62},[52,84029,7957],{"class":66},[52,84031,84032,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84033,119],{"class":118},[52,84035,122],{"class":66},[52,84037,82741],{"class":118},[52,84039,122],{"class":66},[52,84041,86],{"class":92},[52,84043,74],{"class":66},[52,84045,26633],{"class":9298},[52,84047,63],{"class":62},[52,84049,445],{"class":3971},[52,84051,2150],{"class":66},[20,84053,84054,84055,89],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[30,84056,65944],{"href":72982},[1324,84058,84060,84062],{"id":84059},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84061,1713],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84064,84065,84066,89],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84067,1713],{},[43,84069,84071],{"className":45,"code":84070,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84072,84073,84097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84074,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84076,7897],{"class":58},[52,84078,63],{"class":62},[52,84080,3743],{"class":66},[52,84082,2452],{"class":70},[52,84084,74],{"class":66},[52,84086,200],{"class":188},[52,84088,15867],{"class":192},[52,84090,189],{"class":188},[52,84092,74],{"class":66},[52,84094,7913],{"class":70},[52,84096,3756],{"class":66},[52,84098,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84100,119],{"class":118},[52,84102,122],{"class":66},[52,84104,82741],{"class":118},[52,84106,122],{"class":66},[52,84108,7928],{"class":92},[52,84110,2150],{"class":66},[20,84112,84113],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84115,84116],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[43,84118,84120],{"className":45,"code":84119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84121,84122,84142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84123,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84125,7897],{"class":58},[52,84127,63],{"class":62},[52,84129,3743],{"class":66},[52,84131,2452],{"class":70},[52,84133,74],{"class":66},[52,84135,7908],{"class":70},[52,84137,74],{"class":66},[52,84139,7913],{"class":70},[52,84141,3756],{"class":66},[52,84143,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84145,119],{"class":118},[52,84147,122],{"class":66},[52,84149,82741],{"class":118},[52,84151,122],{"class":66},[52,84153,7928],{"class":92},[52,84155,2150],{"class":66},[20,84157,84158,84159,89],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[30,84160,84162],{"href":84161},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1324,84164,84166,84168],{"id":84165},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84167,1713],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84170,84171,84173],{},[15,84172,82682],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[43,84175,84177],{"className":45,"code":84176,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max())\n",[15,84178,84179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84180,84181,84183,84185,84187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84182,119],{"class":118},[52,84184,122],{"class":66},[52,84186,82741],{"class":118},[52,84188,7312],{"class":66},[20,84190,3120,84191,89],{},[15,84192,1713],{},[38,84194,84196,1083,84198],{"id":84195},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84197,82682],{},[15,84199,74528],{},[20,84201,84202],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84204,84205,152],{},[15,84206,82682],{},[154,84208,84209],{},[157,84210,84211],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84213,84214,152],{},[15,84215,74528],{},[154,84217,84218],{},[157,84219,84220],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84222,347],{},[43,84224,84226],{"className":45,"code":84225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84227,84228,84252,84256,84270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84229,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248,84250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84231,59],{"class":58},[52,84233,63],{"class":62},[52,84235,3743],{"class":66},[52,84237,488],{"class":70},[52,84239,74],{"class":66},[52,84241,6480],{"class":70},[52,84243,74],{"class":66},[52,84245,77],{"class":70},[52,84247,74],{"class":66},[52,84249,396],{"class":70},[52,84251,3756],{"class":66},[52,84253,84254],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84255,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,84257,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84259,119],{"class":118},[52,84261,122],{"class":66},[52,84263,82741],{"class":118},[52,84265,122],{"class":66},[52,84267,86],{"class":92},[52,84269,2150],{"class":66},[52,84271,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,84273,119],{"class":118},[52,84275,122],{"class":66},[52,84277,74618],{"class":118},[52,84279,122],{"class":66},[52,84281,86],{"class":92},[52,84283,2150],{"class":66},[20,84285,2193],{},[43,84287,84289],{"className":45,"code":84288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84290,84291,84295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84292,84293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84294,2503],{"class":70},[52,84296,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84298,4020],{"class":66},[52,84300,99],{"class":70},[52,84302,74],{"class":66},[52,84304,104],{"class":70},[52,84306,74],{"class":66},[52,84308,396],{"class":70},[52,84310,74],{"class":66},[52,84312,6480],{"class":70},[52,84314,3756],{"class":66},[20,84316,137,84317,84319],{},[15,84318,82682],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84321,137,84322,84326],{},[30,84323,84324],{"href":74625},[15,84325,74528],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84328,84329,84330,89],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[30,84331,84333],{"href":84332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84334,84335],{},"min()",[38,84337,2948],{"id":2947},[20,84339,84340],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[154,84342,84343,84350,84353,84358,84361],{},[157,84344,29760,84345,84347,84348],{},[15,84346,82682],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84349,83037],{},[157,84351,84352],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[157,84354,8574,84355,84357],{},[15,84356,82682],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[157,84359,84360],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[157,84362,8538,84363,84365],{},[15,84364,83037],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84367,11230],{},[43,84369,84371],{"className":45,"code":84370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84372,84373,84383,84397,84411,84425,84447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84374,84375,84377,84379,84381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84376,119],{"class":118},[52,84378,122],{"class":66},[52,84380,7928],{"class":92},[52,84382,127],{"class":66},[52,84384,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84386,119],{"class":118},[52,84388,122],{"class":66},[52,84390,3340],{"class":3020},[52,84392,122],{"class":66},[52,84394,7928],{"class":92},[52,84396,2150],{"class":66},[52,84398,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84400,119],{"class":118},[52,84402,122],{"class":66},[52,84404,11279],{"class":118},[52,84406,122],{"class":66},[52,84408,7928],{"class":92},[52,84410,2150],{"class":66},[52,84412,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,84414,119],{"class":118},[52,84416,122],{"class":66},[52,84418,82741],{"class":118},[52,84420,122],{"class":66},[52,84422,7928],{"class":92},[52,84424,2150],{"class":66},[52,84426,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,84428,119],{"class":118},[52,84430,122],{"class":66},[52,84432,82741],{"class":118},[52,84434,122],{"class":66},[52,84436,7928],{"class":92},[52,84438,74],{"class":66},[52,84440,26633],{"class":9298},[52,84442,63],{"class":62},[52,84444,445],{"class":3971},[52,84446,2150],{"class":66},[52,84448,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,84450,119],{"class":118},[52,84452,96],{"class":66},[52,84454,3340],{"class":3020},[52,84456,122],{"class":66},[52,84458,930],{"class":92},[52,84460,3782],{"class":66},[52,84462,3997],{"class":3996},[52,84464,4000],{"class":92},[52,84466,4003],{"class":3996},[52,84468,6085],{"class":92},[52,84470,112],{"class":66},[20,84472,84473],{},"These are useful for checking:",[154,84475,84476,84481,84486,84489],{},[157,84477,84478,84479],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84480,7928],{},[157,84482,79855,84483,84485],{},[15,84484,7928],{}," is a list or some other type",[157,84487,84488],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[157,84490,84491],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84493,69451,84494,84497,84498,84500],{},[15,84495,84496],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84499,7928],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[38,84502,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,84504,5260,84506,5263],{"id":84505},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84507,82682],{},[20,84509,84510],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1324,84512,5288,84514,84516],{"id":84513},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84515,82682],{}," work with strings?",[20,84518,84519],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1324,84521,71750],{"id":71749},[20,84523,84524,52604,84526,84528,84529,84531],{},[15,84525,82682],{},[15,84527,40811],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84530,83037],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1324,84533,84535,84536,1964],{"id":84534},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84537,82682],{},[20,84539,137,84540,152],{},[15,84541,83589],{},[43,84543,84544],{"className":45,"code":83517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84545,84546,84578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84547,84548,84550,84552,84554,84556,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84549,1025],{"class":58},[52,84551,63],{"class":62},[52,84553,3743],{"class":66},[52,84555,189],{"class":188},[52,84557,950],{"class":192},[52,84559,189],{"class":188},[52,84561,74],{"class":66},[52,84563,200],{"class":188},[52,84565,68430],{"class":192},[52,84567,189],{"class":188},[52,84569,74],{"class":66},[52,84571,200],{"class":188},[52,84573,1034],{"class":192},[52,84575,189],{"class":188},[52,84577,3756],{"class":66},[52,84579,84580,84582,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84581,119],{"class":118},[52,84583,122],{"class":66},[52,84585,82741],{"class":118},[52,84587,122],{"class":66},[52,84589,1043],{"class":92},[52,84591,74],{"class":66},[52,84593,21690],{"class":9298},[52,84595,63],{"class":62},[52,84597,11279],{"class":118},[52,84599,2150],{"class":66},[1324,84601,1959,84603,668,84605,1964],{"id":84602},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84604,82682],{},[15,84606,74528],{},[20,84608,84609,84611,84612,84614],{},[15,84610,82682],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84613,74528],{}," returns all items in order.",[38,84616,1996],{"id":1995},[154,84618,84619,84625,84631,84637,84641,84645],{},[157,84620,84621],{},[30,84622,84623,3630],{"href":84332},[15,84624,84335],{},[157,84626,84627],{},[30,84628,84629,3630],{"href":74625},[15,84630,74528],{},[157,84632,84633],{},[30,84634,84635,3630],{"href":42466},[15,84636,42469],{},[157,84638,84639],{},[30,84640,59064],{"href":59063},[157,84642,84643],{},[30,84644,65944],{"href":72982},[157,84646,84647],{},[30,84648,84162],{"href":84161},[2044,84650,84651],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":84653},[84654,84655,84657,84658,84660,84662,84664,84669,84671,84679,84681,84682,84693],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":82872,"depth":83,"text":84656},"What max() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":83041,"depth":83,"text":84659},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83211,"depth":83,"text":84661},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83345,"depth":83,"text":84663},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78806,"depth":83,"text":80004,"children":84665},[84666,84667,84668],{"id":83513,"depth":115,"text":83514},{"id":83602,"depth":115,"text":83603},{"id":83684,"depth":115,"text":83685},{"id":83791,"depth":83,"text":84670},"Using the default argument",{"id":48093,"depth":83,"text":48094,"children":84672},[84673,84675,84677],{"id":83949,"depth":115,"text":84674},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84059,"depth":115,"text":84676},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84165,"depth":115,"text":84678},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84195,"depth":83,"text":84680},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":84683},[84684,84686,84688,84689,84691],{"id":84505,"depth":115,"text":84685},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84513,"depth":115,"text":84687},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71749,"depth":115,"text":71750},{"id":84534,"depth":115,"text":84690},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84602,"depth":115,"text":84692},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82674,"description":84694},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84701,"title":84702,"body":84703,"description":86657,"extension":2083,"meta":86658,"navigation":240,"path":86659,"seo":86660,"stem":86661,"__hash__":86662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84704,"toc":86614},[84705,84710,84715,84721,84723,84797,84799,84812,84817,84822,84838,84842,84847,84923,84929,84932,84975,84977,84985,84991,84994,85025,85027,85035,85041,85046,85105,85107,85116,85119,85129,85135,85140,85175,85177,85185,85191,85197,85202,85246,85248,85257,85260,85300,85302,85311,85314,85326,85331,85336,85387,85389,85398,85401,85452,85454,85463,85466,85473,85479,85484,85486,85501,85505,85565,85567,85576,85580,85752,85754,85791,85798,85804,85807,85834,85836,85857,85862,85897,85899,85907,85910,85913,85929,85934,85936,85940,85946,85950,85977,85980,85990,86030,86034,86037,86080,86082,86091,86094,86099,86168,86170,86178,86183,86187,86190,86241,86243,86251,86254,86317,86319,86327,86330,86335,86339,86352,86359,86367,86369,86371,86401,86407,86508,86518,86520,86525,86528,86533,86536,86538,86546,86554,86562,86569,86577,86579,86611],[10,84706,3697,84708,3701],{"id":84707},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84709,84335],{},[20,84711,84712,84714],{},[15,84713,84335],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84716,84717,84718,84720],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84719,84335],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[38,84722,2125],{"id":2124},[43,84724,84726],{"className":45,"code":84725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84727,84728,84752,84767,84771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84729,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84731,59],{"class":58},[52,84733,63],{"class":62},[52,84735,3743],{"class":66},[52,84737,1705],{"class":70},[52,84739,74],{"class":66},[52,84741,77],{"class":70},[52,84743,74],{"class":66},[52,84745,54245],{"class":70},[52,84747,74],{"class":66},[52,84749,5616],{"class":70},[52,84751,3756],{"class":66},[52,84753,84754,84756,84758,84761,84763,84765],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84755,119],{"class":118},[52,84757,122],{"class":66},[52,84759,84760],{"class":118},"min",[52,84762,122],{"class":66},[52,84764,86],{"class":92},[52,84766,2150],{"class":66},[52,84768,84769],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84770,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,84772,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,84774,119],{"class":118},[52,84776,122],{"class":66},[52,84778,84760],{"class":118},[52,84780,122],{"class":66},[52,84782,1705],{"class":70},[52,84784,74],{"class":66},[52,84786,77],{"class":70},[52,84788,74],{"class":66},[52,84790,54245],{"class":70},[52,84792,74],{"class":66},[52,84794,5616],{"class":70},[52,84796,2150],{"class":66},[20,84798,2193],{},[43,84800,84802],{"className":45,"code":84801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n1\n",[15,84803,84804,84808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84805,84806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84807,47024],{"class":70},[52,84809,84810],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84811,47024],{"class":70},[20,84813,137,84814,84816],{},[15,84815,84335],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[38,84818,144,84820,147],{"id":84819},"what-min-does",[15,84821,84335],{},[154,84823,84824,84829,84832,84835],{},[157,84825,84826,84828],{},[15,84827,84335],{}," returns the smallest item",[157,84830,84831],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[157,84833,84834],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[157,84836,84837],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[38,84839,84841],{"id":84840},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84843,84844,84845,152],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84846,84335],{},[43,84848,84850],{"className":45,"code":84849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84851,84852,84862,84887,84905],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84853,84854,84856,84858,84860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84855,84760],{"class":118},[52,84857,122],{"class":66},[52,84859,290],{"class":92},[52,84861,127],{"class":66},[52,84863,84864,84866,84868,84871,84873,84876,84878,84881,84883,84885],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84865,84760],{"class":118},[52,84867,122],{"class":66},[52,84869,84870],{"class":92},"value1",[52,84872,74],{"class":66},[52,84874,84875],{"class":92}," value2",[52,84877,74],{"class":66},[52,84879,84880],{"class":92}," value3",[52,84882,74],{"class":66},[52,84884,34561],{"class":118},[52,84886,127],{"class":66},[52,84888,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84890,84760],{"class":118},[52,84892,122],{"class":66},[52,84894,290],{"class":92},[52,84896,74],{"class":66},[52,84898,21690],{"class":9298},[52,84900,63],{"class":62},[52,84902,37477],{"class":118},[52,84904,127],{"class":66},[52,84906,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,84908,84760],{"class":118},[52,84910,122],{"class":66},[52,84912,290],{"class":92},[52,84914,74],{"class":66},[52,84916,26633],{"class":9298},[52,84918,63],{"class":62},[52,84920,37477],{"class":118},[52,84922,127],{"class":66},[1324,84924,84926],{"id":84925},"miniterable",[15,84927,84928],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84930,84931],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[43,84933,84935],{"className":45,"code":84934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84936,84937,84961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84938,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957,84959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84940,59],{"class":58},[52,84942,63],{"class":62},[52,84944,3743],{"class":66},[52,84946,2467],{"class":70},[52,84948,74],{"class":66},[52,84950,104],{"class":70},[52,84952,74],{"class":66},[52,84954,31052],{"class":70},[52,84956,74],{"class":66},[52,84958,5616],{"class":70},[52,84960,3756],{"class":66},[52,84962,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,84964,119],{"class":118},[52,84966,122],{"class":66},[52,84968,84760],{"class":118},[52,84970,122],{"class":66},[52,84972,86],{"class":92},[52,84974,2150],{"class":66},[20,84976,2193],{},[43,84978,84979],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84980,84981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84982,84983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84984,47024],{"class":70},[1324,84986,84988],{"id":84987},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84989,84990],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84992,84993],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[43,84995,84997],{"className":45,"code":84996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84998,84999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85000,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85002,119],{"class":118},[52,85004,122],{"class":66},[52,85006,84760],{"class":118},[52,85008,122],{"class":66},[52,85010,2467],{"class":70},[52,85012,74],{"class":66},[52,85014,104],{"class":70},[52,85016,74],{"class":66},[52,85018,31052],{"class":70},[52,85020,74],{"class":66},[52,85022,5616],{"class":70},[52,85024,2150],{"class":66},[20,85026,2193],{},[43,85028,85029],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85030,85031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85032,85033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85034,47024],{"class":70},[1324,85036,85038],{"id":85037},"miniterable-key",[15,85039,85040],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85042,137,85043,85045],{},[15,85044,14956],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[43,85047,85049],{"className":45,"code":85048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85050,85051,85083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85052,85053,85055,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065,85067,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079,85081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85054,1025],{"class":58},[52,85056,63],{"class":62},[52,85058,3743],{"class":66},[52,85060,189],{"class":188},[52,85062,78848],{"class":192},[52,85064,189],{"class":188},[52,85066,74],{"class":66},[52,85068,200],{"class":188},[52,85070,1278],{"class":192},[52,85072,189],{"class":188},[52,85074,74],{"class":66},[52,85076,200],{"class":188},[52,85078,1145],{"class":192},[52,85080,189],{"class":188},[52,85082,3756],{"class":66},[52,85084,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85086,119],{"class":118},[52,85088,122],{"class":66},[52,85090,84760],{"class":118},[52,85092,122],{"class":66},[52,85094,1043],{"class":92},[52,85096,74],{"class":66},[52,85098,21690],{"class":9298},[52,85100,63],{"class":62},[52,85102,11279],{"class":118},[52,85104,2150],{"class":66},[20,85106,2193],{},[43,85108,85110],{"className":45,"code":85109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"kiwi\n",[15,85111,85112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85113,85114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85115,85109],{"class":58},[20,85117,85118],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85120,85121,85122,85124,85125,89],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85123,42469],{},", see the ",[30,85126,85127,3630],{"href":42466},[15,85128,42469],{},[1324,85130,85132],{"id":85131},"miniterable-default",[15,85133,85134],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85136,137,85137,85139],{},[15,85138,83037],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[43,85141,85143],{"className":45,"code":85142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85144,85145,85153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85146,85147,85149,85151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85148,59],{"class":58},[52,85150,63],{"class":62},[52,85152,7957],{"class":66},[52,85154,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85156,119],{"class":118},[52,85158,122],{"class":66},[52,85160,84760],{"class":118},[52,85162,122],{"class":66},[52,85164,86],{"class":92},[52,85166,74],{"class":66},[52,85168,26633],{"class":9298},[52,85170,63],{"class":62},[52,85172,2243],{"class":70},[52,85174,2150],{"class":66},[20,85176,2193],{},[43,85178,85179],{"className":45,"code":47359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85180,85181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85182,85183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85184,47359],{"class":70},[20,85186,85187,85188,85190],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85189,40811],{}," when there is no item to return.",[38,85192,8538,85194,85196],{"id":85193},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85195,84335],{}," with numbers",[20,85198,85199,85201],{},[15,85200,84335],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[43,85203,85205],{"className":45,"code":85204,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85206,85207,85232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85208,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85210,5181],{"class":58},[52,85212,63],{"class":62},[52,85214,3743],{"class":66},[52,85216,51614],{"class":70},[52,85218,74],{"class":66},[52,85220,85221],{"class":70}," 72",[52,85223,74],{"class":66},[52,85225,29016],{"class":70},[52,85227,74],{"class":66},[52,85229,76204],{"class":70},[52,85231,3756],{"class":66},[52,85233,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85235,119],{"class":118},[52,85237,122],{"class":66},[52,85239,84760],{"class":118},[52,85241,122],{"class":66},[52,85243,16502],{"class":92},[52,85245,2150],{"class":66},[20,85247,2193],{},[43,85249,85251],{"className":45,"code":85250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"60\n",[15,85252,85253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85254,85255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85256,85250],{"class":70},[20,85258,85259],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[43,85261,85263],{"className":45,"code":85262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85264,85265,85286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85266,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85280,85282,85284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85268,83149],{"class":58},[52,85270,63],{"class":62},[52,85272,3743],{"class":66},[52,85274,40505],{"class":70},[52,85276,74],{"class":66},[52,85278,85279],{"class":70}," 5.49",[52,85281,74],{"class":66},[52,85283,83165],{"class":70},[52,85285,3756],{"class":66},[52,85287,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85289,119],{"class":118},[52,85291,122],{"class":66},[52,85293,84760],{"class":118},[52,85295,122],{"class":66},[52,85297,83185],{"class":92},[52,85299,2150],{"class":66},[20,85301,2193],{},[43,85303,85305],{"className":45,"code":85304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.49\n",[15,85306,85307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85308,85309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85310,85304],{"class":70},[20,85312,85313],{},"This is useful for things like:",[154,85315,85316,85318,85320,85323],{},[157,85317,16502],{},[157,85319,83185],{},[157,85321,85322],{},"measurements",[157,85324,85325],{},"ages",[38,85327,8538,85329,47166],{"id":85328},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85330,84335],{},[20,85332,85333,85335],{},[15,85334,84335],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[43,85337,85339],{"className":45,"code":85338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85340,85341,85373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85342,85343,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85344,1025],{"class":58},[52,85346,63],{"class":62},[52,85348,3743],{"class":66},[52,85350,189],{"class":188},[52,85352,1145],{"class":192},[52,85354,189],{"class":188},[52,85356,74],{"class":66},[52,85358,200],{"class":188},[52,85360,1125],{"class":192},[52,85362,189],{"class":188},[52,85364,74],{"class":66},[52,85366,200],{"class":188},[52,85368,4215],{"class":192},[52,85370,189],{"class":188},[52,85372,3756],{"class":66},[52,85374,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85376,119],{"class":118},[52,85378,122],{"class":66},[52,85380,84760],{"class":118},[52,85382,122],{"class":66},[52,85384,1043],{"class":92},[52,85386,2150],{"class":66},[20,85388,2193],{},[43,85390,85392],{"className":45,"code":85391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple\n",[15,85393,85394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85395,85396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85397,85391],{"class":58},[20,85399,85400],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[43,85402,85404],{"className":45,"code":85403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85405,85406,85438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85407,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85409,1025],{"class":58},[52,85411,63],{"class":62},[52,85413,3743],{"class":66},[52,85415,189],{"class":188},[52,85417,1145],{"class":192},[52,85419,189],{"class":188},[52,85421,74],{"class":66},[52,85423,200],{"class":188},[52,85425,57877],{"class":192},[52,85427,189],{"class":188},[52,85429,74],{"class":66},[52,85431,200],{"class":188},[52,85433,4215],{"class":192},[52,85435,189],{"class":188},[52,85437,3756],{"class":66},[52,85439,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85441,119],{"class":118},[52,85443,122],{"class":66},[52,85445,84760],{"class":118},[52,85447,122],{"class":66},[52,85449,1043],{"class":92},[52,85451,2150],{"class":66},[20,85453,2193],{},[43,85455,85457],{"className":45,"code":85456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\n",[15,85458,85459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85460,85461],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85462,85456],{"class":58},[20,85464,85465],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85467,85468,85469,89],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[30,85470,85471,5902],{"href":74625},[15,85472,74528],{},[38,85474,8538,85476,85478],{"id":85475},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85477,84335],{}," with a key function",[20,85480,2100,85481,85483],{},[15,85482,14956],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85485,11575],{},[154,85487,85488,85493,85498],{},[157,85489,85490,85492],{},[15,85491,14956],{}," changes the comparison rule",[157,85494,85495,85497],{},[15,85496,84335],{}," still returns the original item",[157,85499,85500],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1324,85502,85504],{"id":85503},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[43,85506,85508],{"className":45,"code":85507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85509,85510,85543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85511,85512,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85539,85541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85513,1025],{"class":58},[52,85515,63],{"class":62},[52,85517,3743],{"class":66},[52,85519,189],{"class":188},[52,85521,68430],{"class":192},[52,85523,189],{"class":188},[52,85525,74],{"class":66},[52,85527,200],{"class":188},[52,85529,950],{"class":192},[52,85531,189],{"class":188},[52,85533,74],{"class":66},[52,85535,200],{"class":188},[52,85537,85538],{"class":192},"giraffe",[52,85540,189],{"class":188},[52,85542,3756],{"class":66},[52,85544,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85546,119],{"class":118},[52,85548,122],{"class":66},[52,85550,84760],{"class":118},[52,85552,122],{"class":66},[52,85554,1043],{"class":92},[52,85556,74],{"class":66},[52,85558,21690],{"class":9298},[52,85560,63],{"class":62},[52,85562,11279],{"class":118},[52,85564,2150],{"class":66},[20,85566,2193],{},[43,85568,85570],{"className":45,"code":85569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat\n",[15,85571,85572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85573,85574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85575,85569],{"class":58},[1324,85577,85579],{"id":85578},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[43,85581,85583],{"className":45,"code":85582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85584,85585,85595,85630,85662,85694,85698,85702,85741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85586,85587,85590,85592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85588,85589],{"class":58},"students ",[52,85591,63],{"class":62},[52,85593,85594],{"class":66}," [\n",[52,85596,85597,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85621,85623,85625,85627],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85598,85599],{"class":66},"    {",[52,85601,189],{"class":188},[52,85603,7786],{"class":192},[52,85605,189],{"class":188},[52,85607,152],{"class":66},[52,85609,200],{"class":188},[52,85611,12997],{"class":192},[52,85613,189],{"class":188},[52,85615,74],{"class":66},[52,85617,200],{"class":188},[52,85619,85620],{"class":192},"score",[52,85622,189],{"class":188},[52,85624,152],{"class":66},[52,85626,13622],{"class":70},[52,85628,85629],{"class":66},"},\n",[52,85631,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,85633,85599],{"class":66},[52,85635,189],{"class":188},[52,85637,7786],{"class":192},[52,85639,189],{"class":188},[52,85641,152],{"class":66},[52,85643,200],{"class":188},[52,85645,36050],{"class":192},[52,85647,189],{"class":188},[52,85649,74],{"class":66},[52,85651,200],{"class":188},[52,85653,85620],{"class":192},[52,85655,189],{"class":188},[52,85657,152],{"class":66},[52,85659,85221],{"class":70},[52,85661,85629],{"class":66},[52,85663,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,85665,85599],{"class":66},[52,85667,189],{"class":188},[52,85669,7786],{"class":192},[52,85671,189],{"class":188},[52,85673,152],{"class":66},[52,85675,200],{"class":188},[52,85677,36059],{"class":192},[52,85679,189],{"class":188},[52,85681,74],{"class":66},[52,85683,200],{"class":188},[52,85685,85620],{"class":192},[52,85687,189],{"class":188},[52,85689,152],{"class":66},[52,85691,20009],{"class":70},[52,85693,80],{"class":66},[52,85695,85696],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,85697,3756],{"class":66},[52,85699,85700],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,85701,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,85703,85704,85707,85709,85712,85714,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,85705,85706],{"class":58},"lowest ",[52,85708,63],{"class":62},[52,85710,85711],{"class":118}," min",[52,85713,122],{"class":66},[52,85715,85716],{"class":92},"students",[52,85718,74],{"class":66},[52,85720,21690],{"class":9298},[52,85722,63],{"class":62},[52,85724,37766],{"class":2187},[52,85726,13023],{"class":37769},[52,85728,152],{"class":66},[52,85730,13023],{"class":92},[52,85732,4020],{"class":66},[52,85734,189],{"class":188},[52,85736,85620],{"class":192},[52,85738,189],{"class":188},[52,85740,112],{"class":66},[52,85742,85743,85745,85747,85750],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,85744,119],{"class":118},[52,85746,122],{"class":66},[52,85748,85749],{"class":92},"lowest",[52,85751,127],{"class":66},[20,85753,2193],{},[43,85755,85757],{"className":45,"code":85756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85758,85759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85760,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85762,9399],{"class":66},[52,85764,3420],{"class":188},[52,85766,7786],{"class":192},[52,85768,3420],{"class":188},[52,85770,152],{"class":66},[52,85772,3415],{"class":188},[52,85774,36050],{"class":192},[52,85776,3420],{"class":188},[52,85778,74],{"class":66},[52,85780,3415],{"class":188},[52,85782,85620],{"class":192},[52,85784,3420],{"class":188},[52,85786,152],{"class":66},[52,85788,85221],{"class":70},[52,85790,80],{"class":66},[20,85792,85793,85794,85797],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85795,85796],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[38,85799,8538,85801,85803],{"id":85800},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85802,83037],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85805,85806],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[43,85808,85810],{"className":45,"code":85809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85811,85812,85820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85813,85814,85816,85818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85815,59],{"class":58},[52,85817,63],{"class":62},[52,85819,7957],{"class":66},[52,85821,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85823,119],{"class":118},[52,85825,122],{"class":66},[52,85827,84760],{"class":118},[52,85829,122],{"class":66},[52,85831,86],{"class":92},[52,85833,2150],{"class":66},[20,85835,2193],{},[43,85837,85839],{"className":45,"code":85838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85840,85841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85842,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85844,40811],{"class":3020},[52,85846,152],{"class":66},[52,85848,85711],{"class":118},[52,85850,7483],{"class":66},[52,85852,84006],{"class":58},[52,85854,12310],{"class":62},[52,85856,84011],{"class":58},[20,85858,85859,85860,152],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85861,83037],{},[43,85863,85865],{"className":45,"code":85864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85866,85867,85875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85868,85869,85871,85873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85870,59],{"class":58},[52,85872,63],{"class":62},[52,85874,7957],{"class":66},[52,85876,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85878,119],{"class":118},[52,85880,122],{"class":66},[52,85882,84760],{"class":118},[52,85884,122],{"class":66},[52,85886,86],{"class":92},[52,85888,74],{"class":66},[52,85890,26633],{"class":9298},[52,85892,63],{"class":62},[52,85894,445],{"class":3971},[52,85896,2150],{"class":66},[20,85898,2193],{},[43,85900,85901],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85902,85903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85904,85905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85906,11924],{"class":3971},[20,85908,85909],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85911,85912],{},"Remember:",[154,85914,85915,85923],{},[157,85916,85917,85919,85920,85922],{},[15,85918,83037],{}," works only when ",[15,85921,84335],{}," gets one iterable argument",[157,85924,85925,85926],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85927,85928],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85930,85931,85932,89],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[30,85933,65944],{"href":72982},[38,85935,10863],{"id":10862},[20,85937,56885,85938,89],{},[15,85939,84335],{},[1324,85941,85943,85944],{"id":85942},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85945,83037],{},[20,85947,3120,85948,152],{},[15,85949,40811],{},[43,85951,85953],{"className":45,"code":85952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85954,85955,85963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85956,85957,85959,85961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85958,7897],{"class":58},[52,85960,63],{"class":62},[52,85962,7957],{"class":66},[52,85964,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,85966,119],{"class":118},[52,85968,122],{"class":66},[52,85970,84760],{"class":118},[52,85972,122],{"class":66},[52,85974,7928],{"class":92},[52,85976,2150],{"class":66},[20,85978,85979],{},"Fix it by:",[154,85981,85982,85985],{},[157,85983,85984],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[157,85986,85987,85988],{},"or using ",[15,85989,83037],{},[43,85991,85993],{"className":45,"code":85992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85994,85995,86003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85996,85997,85999,86001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85998,7897],{"class":58},[52,86000,63],{"class":62},[52,86002,7957],{"class":66},[52,86004,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023,86026,86028],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86006,119],{"class":118},[52,86008,122],{"class":66},[52,86010,84760],{"class":118},[52,86012,122],{"class":66},[52,86014,7928],{"class":92},[52,86016,74],{"class":66},[52,86018,26633],{"class":9298},[52,86020,63],{"class":62},[52,86022,189],{"class":188},[52,86024,86025],{"class":192},"no items",[52,86027,189],{"class":188},[52,86029,2150],{"class":66},[1324,86031,86033],{"id":86032},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86035,86036],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[43,86038,86040],{"className":45,"code":86039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86041,86042,86066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86043,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86045,9288],{"class":58},[52,86047,63],{"class":62},[52,86049,3743],{"class":66},[52,86051,2452],{"class":70},[52,86053,74],{"class":66},[52,86055,200],{"class":188},[52,86057,15867],{"class":192},[52,86059,189],{"class":188},[52,86061,74],{"class":66},[52,86063,396],{"class":70},[52,86065,3756],{"class":66},[52,86067,86068,86070,86072,86074,86076,86078],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86069,119],{"class":118},[52,86071,122],{"class":66},[52,86073,84760],{"class":118},[52,86075,122],{"class":66},[52,86077,9327],{"class":92},[52,86079,2150],{"class":66},[20,86081,2193],{},[43,86083,86085],{"className":45,"code":86084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError\n",[15,86086,86087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86088,86089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86090,86084],{"class":3020},[20,86092,86093],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86095,86096,86097,89],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86098,84335],{},[43,86100,86102],{"className":45,"code":86101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86103,86104,86128,86154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86105,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86107,9288],{"class":58},[52,86109,63],{"class":62},[52,86111,3743],{"class":66},[52,86113,2452],{"class":70},[52,86115,74],{"class":66},[52,86117,200],{"class":188},[52,86119,15867],{"class":192},[52,86121,189],{"class":188},[52,86123,74],{"class":66},[52,86125,396],{"class":70},[52,86127,3756],{"class":66},[52,86129,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86131,59],{"class":58},[52,86133,63],{"class":62},[52,86135,3743],{"class":66},[52,86137,2310],{"class":3020},[52,86139,122],{"class":66},[52,86141,930],{"class":92},[52,86143,3782],{"class":66},[52,86145,3997],{"class":3996},[52,86147,4000],{"class":58},[52,86149,4003],{"class":3996},[52,86151,14681],{"class":58},[52,86153,3756],{"class":66},[52,86155,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86157,119],{"class":118},[52,86159,122],{"class":66},[52,86161,84760],{"class":118},[52,86163,122],{"class":66},[52,86165,86],{"class":92},[52,86167,2150],{"class":66},[20,86169,2193],{},[43,86171,86172],{"className":45,"code":3066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86173,86174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86175,86176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86177,3066],{"class":70},[20,86179,86180,86181,89],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86182,1713],{},[1324,86184,86186],{"id":86185},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86188,86189],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[43,86191,86193],{"className":45,"code":86192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86194,86195,86227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86196,86197,86199,86201,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86198,1025],{"class":58},[52,86200,63],{"class":62},[52,86202,3743],{"class":66},[52,86204,189],{"class":188},[52,86206,79664],{"class":192},[52,86208,189],{"class":188},[52,86210,74],{"class":66},[52,86212,200],{"class":188},[52,86214,57877],{"class":192},[52,86216,189],{"class":188},[52,86218,74],{"class":66},[52,86220,200],{"class":188},[52,86222,79681],{"class":192},[52,86224,189],{"class":188},[52,86226,3756],{"class":66},[52,86228,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86230,119],{"class":118},[52,86232,122],{"class":66},[52,86234,84760],{"class":118},[52,86236,122],{"class":66},[52,86238,1043],{"class":92},[52,86240,2150],{"class":66},[20,86242,2193],{},[43,86244,86245],{"className":45,"code":85456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86246,86247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86248,86249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86250,85456],{"class":58},[20,86252,86253],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[43,86255,86257],{"className":45,"code":86256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86258,86259,86291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86260,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86262,1025],{"class":58},[52,86264,63],{"class":62},[52,86266,3743],{"class":66},[52,86268,189],{"class":188},[52,86270,79664],{"class":192},[52,86272,189],{"class":188},[52,86274,74],{"class":66},[52,86276,200],{"class":188},[52,86278,57877],{"class":192},[52,86280,189],{"class":188},[52,86282,74],{"class":66},[52,86284,200],{"class":188},[52,86286,79681],{"class":192},[52,86288,189],{"class":188},[52,86290,3756],{"class":66},[52,86292,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309,86311,86313,86315],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86294,119],{"class":118},[52,86296,122],{"class":66},[52,86298,84760],{"class":118},[52,86300,122],{"class":66},[52,86302,1043],{"class":92},[52,86304,74],{"class":66},[52,86306,21690],{"class":9298},[52,86308,63],{"class":62},[52,86310,3564],{"class":3020},[52,86312,89],{"class":66},[52,86314,8761],{"class":24860},[52,86316,2150],{"class":66},[20,86318,2193],{},[43,86320,86321],{"className":45,"code":85456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86322,86323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86324,86325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86326,85456],{"class":58},[20,86328,86329],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[38,86331,5078,86333],{"id":86332},"when-to-use-min",[15,86334,84335],{},[20,86336,137,86337,10719],{},[15,86338,84335],{},[154,86340,86341,86344,86349],{},[157,86342,86343],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[157,86345,86346,86347],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86348,14956],{},[157,86350,86351],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86353,137,86354,86358],{},[30,86355,86356],{"href":74625},[15,86357,74528],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86360,137,86361,86366],{},[30,86362,86364],{"href":86363},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86365,82682],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[38,86368,2948],{"id":2947},[20,86370,84340],{},[154,86372,86373,86381,86384,86389,86396],{},[157,86374,86375,86376,86378,86379],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86377,84335],{}," without using ",[15,86380,83037],{},[157,86382,86383],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[157,86385,8574,86386,86388],{},[15,86387,84335],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[157,86390,4821,86391,86393,86394,85497],{},[15,86392,14956],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86395,84335],{},[157,86397,8538,86398,86400],{},[15,86399,83037],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86402,86403,86404,86406],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86405,84335],{},", these quick checks can help:",[43,86408,86410],{"className":45,"code":86409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86411,86412,86426,86436,86450,86464,86486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86413,86414,86416,86418,86420,86422,86424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86415,119],{"class":118},[52,86417,122],{"class":66},[52,86419,3340],{"class":3020},[52,86421,122],{"class":66},[52,86423,9327],{"class":92},[52,86425,2150],{"class":66},[52,86427,86428,86430,86432,86434],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86429,119],{"class":118},[52,86431,122],{"class":66},[52,86433,9327],{"class":92},[52,86435,127],{"class":66},[52,86437,86438,86440,86442,86444,86446,86448],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86439,119],{"class":118},[52,86441,122],{"class":66},[52,86443,11279],{"class":118},[52,86445,122],{"class":66},[52,86447,9327],{"class":92},[52,86449,2150],{"class":66},[52,86451,86452,86454,86456,86458,86460,86462],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,86453,119],{"class":118},[52,86455,122],{"class":66},[52,86457,84760],{"class":118},[52,86459,122],{"class":66},[52,86461,9327],{"class":92},[52,86463,2150],{"class":66},[52,86465,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,86467,119],{"class":118},[52,86469,122],{"class":66},[52,86471,84760],{"class":118},[52,86473,122],{"class":66},[52,86475,9327],{"class":92},[52,86477,74],{"class":66},[52,86479,26633],{"class":9298},[52,86481,63],{"class":62},[52,86483,445],{"class":3971},[52,86485,2150],{"class":66},[52,86487,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,86489,119],{"class":118},[52,86491,122],{"class":66},[52,86493,84760],{"class":118},[52,86495,122],{"class":66},[52,86497,1043],{"class":92},[52,86499,74],{"class":66},[52,86501,21690],{"class":9298},[52,86503,63],{"class":62},[52,86505,11279],{"class":118},[52,86507,2150],{"class":66},[20,86509,86510,86511,86514,86515,86517],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86512,86513],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86516,9327],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[38,86519,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,86521,5260,86523,5263],{"id":86522},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86524,84335],{},[20,86526,86527],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1324,86529,5288,86531,84516],{"id":86530},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86532,84335],{},[20,86534,86535],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1324,86537,71750],{"id":71749},[20,86539,86540,52604,86542,84528,86544,36728],{},[15,86541,84335],{},[15,86543,40811],{},[15,86545,83037],{},[1324,86547,5260,86549,86551,86552,1964],{"id":86548},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86550,14956],{}," do in ",[15,86553,84335],{},[20,86555,86556,86558,86559,86561],{},[15,86557,14956],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86560,83589],{}," compares strings by length.",[1324,86563,1959,86565,668,86567,1964],{"id":86564},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86566,84335],{},[15,86568,74528],{},[20,86570,86571,86573,86574,86576],{},[15,86572,84335],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86575,74528],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[38,86578,1996],{"id":1995},[154,86580,86581,86587,86593,86599,86603,86607],{},[157,86582,86583],{},[30,86584,86585,3630],{"href":86363},[15,86586,82682],{},[157,86588,86589],{},[30,86590,86591,3630],{"href":74625},[15,86592,74528],{},[157,86594,86595],{},[30,86596,86597,3630],{"href":42466},[15,86598,42469],{},[157,86600,86601],{},[30,86602,79977],{"href":78480},[157,86604,86605],{},[30,86606,59064],{"href":59063},[157,86608,86609],{},[30,86610,65944],{"href":72982},[2044,86612,86613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":86615},[86616,86617,86619,86625,86627,86629,86634,86636,86642,86644,86645,86656],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":84819,"depth":83,"text":86618},"What min() does",{"id":84840,"depth":83,"text":84841,"children":86620},[86621,86622,86623,86624],{"id":84925,"depth":115,"text":84928},{"id":84987,"depth":115,"text":84990},{"id":85037,"depth":115,"text":85040},{"id":85131,"depth":115,"text":85134},{"id":85193,"depth":83,"text":86626},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85328,"depth":83,"text":86628},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85475,"depth":83,"text":86630,"children":86631},"Using min() with a key function",[86632,86633],{"id":85503,"depth":115,"text":85504},{"id":85578,"depth":115,"text":85579},{"id":85800,"depth":83,"text":86635},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10862,"depth":83,"text":10863,"children":86637},[86638,86640,86641],{"id":85942,"depth":115,"text":86639},"Empty list without default",{"id":86032,"depth":115,"text":86033},{"id":86185,"depth":115,"text":86186},{"id":86332,"depth":83,"text":86643},"When to use min()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":86646},[86647,86649,86651,86652,86654],{"id":86522,"depth":115,"text":86648},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86530,"depth":115,"text":86650},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71749,"depth":115,"text":71750},{"id":86548,"depth":115,"text":86653},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86564,"depth":115,"text":86655},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84702,"description":86657},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86664,"title":86665,"body":86666,"description":88845,"extension":2083,"meta":88846,"navigation":240,"path":88847,"seo":88848,"stem":88849,"__hash__":88850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86667,"toc":88809},[86668,86671,86677,86683,86685,86766,86775,86779,86784,86786,86831,86833,86913,86919,86921,86924,86956,86958,86976,86978,87051,87053,87072,87076,87079,87115,87117,87184,87258,87331,87336,87340,87346,87349,87366,87369,87371,87432,87434,87454,87460,87464,87467,87537,87540,87559,87564,87640,87643,87647,87653,87657,87662,87732,87736,87741,87815,87819,87822,87897,87908,87912,87917,88007,88012,88080,88083,88102,88113,88117,88120,88125,88128,88190,88193,88204,88209,88212,88215,88220,88223,88226,88230,88233,88239,88242,88253,88255,88317,88332,88338,88341,88344,88355,88366,88372,88375,88377,88439,88449,88455,88460,88466,88470,88476,88479,88500,88502,88507,88534,88537,88564,88567,88606,88609,88647,88650,88711,88714,88716,88720,88723,88727,88733,88741,88749,88753,88756,88760,88766,88768,88806],[10,86669,86665],{"id":86670},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86672,86673,86676],{},[15,86674,86675],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86678,86679,86680,86682],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86681,86675],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[38,86684,2125],{"id":2124},[43,86686,86688],{"className":45,"code":86687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86689,86690,86739,86755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86691,86692,86695,86698,86700,86702,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86720,86722,86724,86727,86729,86731,86733,86737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86693,86694],{"class":3996},"with",[52,86696,86697],{"class":118}," open",[52,86699,122],{"class":66},[52,86701,189],{"class":188},[52,86703,86704],{"class":192},"example.txt",[52,86706,189],{"class":188},[52,86708,74],{"class":66},[52,86710,200],{"class":188},[52,86712,60614],{"class":192},[52,86714,189],{"class":188},[52,86716,74],{"class":66},[52,86718,86719],{"class":9298}," encoding",[52,86721,63],{"class":62},[52,86723,189],{"class":188},[52,86725,86726],{"class":192},"utf-8",[52,86728,189],{"class":188},[52,86730,3782],{"class":66},[52,86732,47465],{"class":3996},[52,86734,86736],{"class":86735},"sMMDD"," file",[52,86738,6514],{"class":66},[52,86740,86741,86744,86746,86748,86750,86753],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86742,86743],{"class":58},"    content ",[52,86745,63],{"class":62},[52,86747,86736],{"class":86735},[52,86749,89],{"class":66},[52,86751,86752],{"class":92},"read",[52,86754,8764],{"class":66},[52,86756,86757,86759,86761,86764],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86758,8188],{"class":118},[52,86760,122],{"class":66},[52,86762,86763],{"class":92},"content",[52,86765,127],{"class":66},[20,86767,137,86768,86770,86771,86774],{},[15,86769,86694],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86772,86773],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[38,86776,86778],{"id":86777},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86780,86781,86783],{},[15,86782,86675],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86785,11575],{},[154,86787,86788,86791,86796,86801],{},[157,86789,86790],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[157,86792,41013,86793,86795],{},[984,86794,986],{}," read or write anything by itself",[157,86797,17536,86798],{},[984,86799,86800],{},"file object",[157,86802,86803,86804],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[154,86805,86806,86811,86816,86821,86826],{},[157,86807,86808],{},[15,86809,86810],{},"read()",[157,86812,86813],{},[15,86814,86815],{},"readline()",[157,86817,86818],{},[15,86819,86820],{},"readlines()",[157,86822,86823],{},[15,86824,86825],{},"write()",[157,86827,86828],{},[15,86829,86830],{},"close()",[20,86832,347],{},[43,86834,86836],{"className":45,"code":86835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86837,86838,86877,86892,86902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86839,86840,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86841,86842],{"class":86735},"file",[52,86844,13391],{"class":62},[52,86846,86697],{"class":118},[52,86848,122],{"class":66},[52,86850,189],{"class":188},[52,86852,86704],{"class":192},[52,86854,189],{"class":188},[52,86856,74],{"class":66},[52,86858,200],{"class":188},[52,86860,60614],{"class":192},[52,86862,189],{"class":188},[52,86864,74],{"class":66},[52,86866,86719],{"class":9298},[52,86868,63],{"class":62},[52,86870,189],{"class":188},[52,86872,86726],{"class":192},[52,86874,189],{"class":188},[52,86876,127],{"class":66},[52,86878,86879,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,86880,86881],{"class":58},"content ",[52,86883,63],{"class":62},[52,86885,86736],{"class":86735},[52,86887,89],{"class":66},[52,86889,86752],{"class":92},[52,86891,8764],{"class":66},[52,86893,86894,86896,86898,86900],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86895,119],{"class":118},[52,86897,122],{"class":66},[52,86899,86763],{"class":92},[52,86901,127],{"class":66},[52,86903,86904,86906,86908,86911],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,86905,86842],{"class":86735},[52,86907,89],{"class":66},[52,86909,86910],{"class":92},"close",[52,86912,8764],{"class":66},[20,86914,86915,86916,86918],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86917,86694],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[38,86920,268],{"id":267},[20,86922,86923],{},"A common form is:",[43,86925,86927],{"className":45,"code":86926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86928,86929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86930,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86932,42535],{"class":118},[52,86934,122],{"class":66},[52,86936,86842],{"class":86735},[52,86938,74],{"class":66},[52,86940,86941],{"class":92}," mode",[52,86943,74],{"class":66},[52,86945,86719],{"class":9298},[52,86947,63],{"class":62},[52,86949,189],{"class":188},[52,86951,86726],{"class":192},[52,86953,189],{"class":188},[52,86955,127],{"class":66},[20,86957,65150],{},[154,86959,86960,86965,86970],{},[157,86961,86962,86964],{},[15,86963,86842],{}," is the file name or file path",[157,86966,86967,86969],{},[15,86968,21030],{}," controls how the file is opened",[157,86971,86972,86975],{},[15,86973,86974],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86977,347],{},[43,86979,86981],{"className":45,"code":86980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86982,86983,87026,87041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86984,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86986,86694],{"class":3996},[52,86988,86697],{"class":118},[52,86990,122],{"class":66},[52,86992,189],{"class":188},[52,86994,86995],{"class":192},"notes.txt",[52,86997,189],{"class":188},[52,86999,74],{"class":66},[52,87001,200],{"class":188},[52,87003,60614],{"class":192},[52,87005,189],{"class":188},[52,87007,74],{"class":66},[52,87009,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87011,63],{"class":62},[52,87013,189],{"class":188},[52,87015,86726],{"class":192},[52,87017,189],{"class":188},[52,87019,3782],{"class":66},[52,87021,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87023,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87025,6514],{"class":66},[52,87027,87028,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87029,87030],{"class":58},"    text ",[52,87032,63],{"class":62},[52,87034,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87036,89],{"class":66},[52,87038,86752],{"class":92},[52,87040,8764],{"class":66},[52,87042,87043,87045,87047,87049],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87044,8188],{"class":118},[52,87046,122],{"class":66},[52,87048,34816],{"class":92},[52,87050,127],{"class":66},[20,87052,20068],{},[154,87054,87055,87061,87066],{},[157,87056,87057,87060],{},[15,87058,87059],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[157,87062,87063,87065],{},[15,87064,86773],{}," means open for reading",[157,87067,87068,87071],{},[15,87069,87070],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[38,87073,87075],{"id":87074},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87077,87078],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[154,87080,87081,87086,87092,87097,87103,87109],{},[157,87082,87083,87085],{},[15,87084,86773],{}," = read a text file",[157,87087,87088,87091],{},[15,87089,87090],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[157,87093,87094,87096],{},[15,87095,1003],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[157,87098,87099,87102],{},[15,87100,87101],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[157,87104,87105,87108],{},[15,87106,87107],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[157,87110,87111,87114],{},[15,87112,87113],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87116,2249],{},[43,87118,87120],{"className":45,"code":87119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87121,87122,87127,87170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87123,87124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87125,87126],{"class":133},"# Read a text file\n",[52,87128,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87130,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87132,86697],{"class":118},[52,87134,122],{"class":66},[52,87136,189],{"class":188},[52,87138,87139],{"class":192},"data.txt",[52,87141,189],{"class":188},[52,87143,74],{"class":66},[52,87145,200],{"class":188},[52,87147,60614],{"class":192},[52,87149,189],{"class":188},[52,87151,74],{"class":66},[52,87153,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87155,63],{"class":62},[52,87157,189],{"class":188},[52,87159,86726],{"class":192},[52,87161,189],{"class":188},[52,87163,3782],{"class":66},[52,87165,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87167,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87169,6514],{"class":66},[52,87171,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87173,8188],{"class":118},[52,87175,122],{"class":66},[52,87177,86842],{"class":86735},[52,87179,89],{"class":66},[52,87181,86752],{"class":92},[52,87183,7312],{"class":66},[43,87185,87187],{"className":45,"code":87186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87188,87189,87194,87236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87190,87191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87192,87193],{"class":133},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[52,87195,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87197,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87199,86697],{"class":118},[52,87201,122],{"class":66},[52,87203,189],{"class":188},[52,87205,87139],{"class":192},[52,87207,189],{"class":188},[52,87209,74],{"class":66},[52,87211,200],{"class":188},[52,87213,60597],{"class":192},[52,87215,189],{"class":188},[52,87217,74],{"class":66},[52,87219,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87221,63],{"class":62},[52,87223,189],{"class":188},[52,87225,86726],{"class":192},[52,87227,189],{"class":188},[52,87229,3782],{"class":66},[52,87231,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87233,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87235,6514],{"class":66},[52,87237,87238,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87254,87256],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87239,87240],{"class":86735},"    file",[52,87242,89],{"class":66},[52,87244,70299],{"class":92},[52,87246,122],{"class":66},[52,87248,189],{"class":188},[52,87250,34975],{"class":192},[52,87252,87253],{"class":34560},"\\n",[52,87255,189],{"class":188},[52,87257,127],{"class":66},[43,87259,87261],{"className":45,"code":87260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87262,87263,87268,87310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87264,87265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87266,87267],{"class":133},"# Append to a text file\n",[52,87269,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87271,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87273,86697],{"class":118},[52,87275,122],{"class":66},[52,87277,189],{"class":188},[52,87279,87139],{"class":192},[52,87281,189],{"class":188},[52,87283,74],{"class":66},[52,87285,200],{"class":188},[52,87287,30],{"class":192},[52,87289,189],{"class":188},[52,87291,74],{"class":66},[52,87293,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87295,63],{"class":62},[52,87297,189],{"class":188},[52,87299,86726],{"class":192},[52,87301,189],{"class":188},[52,87303,3782],{"class":66},[52,87305,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87307,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87309,6514],{"class":66},[52,87311,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87325,87327,87329],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87313,87240],{"class":86735},[52,87315,89],{"class":66},[52,87317,70299],{"class":92},[52,87319,122],{"class":66},[52,87321,189],{"class":188},[52,87323,87324],{"class":192},"Another line",[52,87326,87253],{"class":34560},[52,87328,189],{"class":188},[52,87330,127],{"class":66},[20,87332,69451,87333,87335],{},[15,87334,87090],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[38,87337,87339],{"id":87338},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87341,87342,22084,87344,89],{},[15,87343,86675],{},[984,87345,86800],{},[20,87347,87348],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[154,87350,87351,87356,87361],{},[157,87352,87353],{},[15,87354,87355],{},"file.read()",[157,87357,87358],{},[15,87359,87360],{},"file.write()",[157,87362,87363],{},[15,87364,87365],{},"file.close()",[20,87367,87368],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87370,347],{},[43,87372,87374],{"className":45,"code":87373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87375,87376,87418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87377,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87379,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87381,86697],{"class":118},[52,87383,122],{"class":66},[52,87385,189],{"class":188},[52,87387,86704],{"class":192},[52,87389,189],{"class":188},[52,87391,74],{"class":66},[52,87393,200],{"class":188},[52,87395,60614],{"class":192},[52,87397,189],{"class":188},[52,87399,74],{"class":66},[52,87401,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87403,63],{"class":62},[52,87405,189],{"class":188},[52,87407,86726],{"class":192},[52,87409,189],{"class":188},[52,87411,3782],{"class":66},[52,87413,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87415,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87417,6514],{"class":66},[52,87419,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87421,8188],{"class":118},[52,87423,122],{"class":66},[52,87425,3340],{"class":3020},[52,87427,122],{"class":66},[52,87429,86842],{"class":86735},[52,87431,2150],{"class":66},[20,87433,30140],{},[43,87435,87437],{"className":45,"code":87436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87438,87439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87440,87441,87443,87445,87447,87450,87452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87442,3409],{"class":62},[52,87444,3412],{"class":2187},[52,87446,3415],{"class":188},[52,87448,87449],{"class":192},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[52,87451,3420],{"class":188},[52,87453,3423],{"class":62},[20,87455,87456,87457,87459],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87458,86675],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[38,87461,87463],{"id":87462},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87465,87466],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[43,87468,87469],{"className":45,"code":86687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87470,87471,87513,87527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87472,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87474,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87476,86697],{"class":118},[52,87478,122],{"class":66},[52,87480,189],{"class":188},[52,87482,86704],{"class":192},[52,87484,189],{"class":188},[52,87486,74],{"class":66},[52,87488,200],{"class":188},[52,87490,60614],{"class":192},[52,87492,189],{"class":188},[52,87494,74],{"class":66},[52,87496,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87498,63],{"class":62},[52,87500,189],{"class":188},[52,87502,86726],{"class":192},[52,87504,189],{"class":188},[52,87506,3782],{"class":66},[52,87508,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87510,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87512,6514],{"class":66},[52,87514,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87516,86743],{"class":58},[52,87518,63],{"class":62},[52,87520,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87522,89],{"class":66},[52,87524,86752],{"class":92},[52,87526,8764],{"class":66},[52,87528,87529,87531,87533,87535],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87530,8188],{"class":118},[52,87532,122],{"class":66},[52,87534,86763],{"class":92},[52,87536,127],{"class":66},[20,87538,87539],{},"Why this is recommended:",[154,87541,87542,87547,87553,87556],{},[157,87543,87544,87546],{},[15,87545,86694],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[157,87548,87549,87550,87552],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87551,86830],{}," yourself",[157,87554,87555],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[157,87557,87558],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87560,83852,87561,87563],{},[15,87562,86694],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[43,87565,87566],{"className":45,"code":86835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87567,87568,87606,87620,87630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87569,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602,87604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87571,86842],{"class":86735},[52,87573,13391],{"class":62},[52,87575,86697],{"class":118},[52,87577,122],{"class":66},[52,87579,189],{"class":188},[52,87581,86704],{"class":192},[52,87583,189],{"class":188},[52,87585,74],{"class":66},[52,87587,200],{"class":188},[52,87589,60614],{"class":192},[52,87591,189],{"class":188},[52,87593,74],{"class":66},[52,87595,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87597,63],{"class":62},[52,87599,189],{"class":188},[52,87601,86726],{"class":192},[52,87603,189],{"class":188},[52,87605,127],{"class":66},[52,87607,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87609,86881],{"class":58},[52,87611,63],{"class":62},[52,87613,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87615,89],{"class":66},[52,87617,86752],{"class":92},[52,87619,8764],{"class":66},[52,87621,87622,87624,87626,87628],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87623,119],{"class":118},[52,87625,122],{"class":66},[52,87627,86763],{"class":92},[52,87629,127],{"class":66},[52,87631,87632,87634,87636,87638],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,87633,86842],{"class":86735},[52,87635,89],{"class":66},[52,87637,86910],{"class":92},[52,87639,8764],{"class":66},[20,87641,87642],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[38,87644,87646],{"id":87645},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87648,87649,87650,87652],{},"Use mode ",[15,87651,86773],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1324,87654,87656],{"id":87655},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87658,87659,87661],{},[15,87660,86810],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[43,87663,87664],{"className":45,"code":86687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87665,87666,87708,87722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87667,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87669,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87671,86697],{"class":118},[52,87673,122],{"class":66},[52,87675,189],{"class":188},[52,87677,86704],{"class":192},[52,87679,189],{"class":188},[52,87681,74],{"class":66},[52,87683,200],{"class":188},[52,87685,60614],{"class":192},[52,87687,189],{"class":188},[52,87689,74],{"class":66},[52,87691,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87693,63],{"class":62},[52,87695,189],{"class":188},[52,87697,86726],{"class":192},[52,87699,189],{"class":188},[52,87701,3782],{"class":66},[52,87703,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87705,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87707,6514],{"class":66},[52,87709,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87711,86743],{"class":58},[52,87713,63],{"class":62},[52,87715,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87717,89],{"class":66},[52,87719,86752],{"class":92},[52,87721,8764],{"class":66},[52,87723,87724,87726,87728,87730],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87725,8188],{"class":118},[52,87727,122],{"class":66},[52,87729,86763],{"class":92},[52,87731,127],{"class":66},[1324,87733,87735],{"id":87734},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87737,87738,87740],{},[15,87739,86815],{}," reads one line at a time.",[43,87742,87744],{"className":45,"code":87743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87745,87746,87788,87804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87747,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87749,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87751,86697],{"class":118},[52,87753,122],{"class":66},[52,87755,189],{"class":188},[52,87757,86704],{"class":192},[52,87759,189],{"class":188},[52,87761,74],{"class":66},[52,87763,200],{"class":188},[52,87765,60614],{"class":192},[52,87767,189],{"class":188},[52,87769,74],{"class":66},[52,87771,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87773,63],{"class":62},[52,87775,189],{"class":188},[52,87777,86726],{"class":192},[52,87779,189],{"class":188},[52,87781,3782],{"class":66},[52,87783,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87785,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87787,6514],{"class":66},[52,87789,87790,87793,87795,87797,87799,87802],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87791,87792],{"class":58},"    first_line ",[52,87794,63],{"class":62},[52,87796,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87798,89],{"class":66},[52,87800,87801],{"class":92},"readline",[52,87803,8764],{"class":66},[52,87805,87806,87808,87810,87813],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87807,8188],{"class":118},[52,87809,122],{"class":66},[52,87811,87812],{"class":92},"first_line",[52,87814,127],{"class":66},[1324,87816,87818],{"id":87817},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87820,87821],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[43,87823,87825],{"className":45,"code":87824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87826,87827,87869,87883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87828,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87830,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87832,86697],{"class":118},[52,87834,122],{"class":66},[52,87836,189],{"class":188},[52,87838,86704],{"class":192},[52,87840,189],{"class":188},[52,87842,74],{"class":66},[52,87844,200],{"class":188},[52,87846,60614],{"class":192},[52,87848,189],{"class":188},[52,87850,74],{"class":66},[52,87852,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87854,63],{"class":62},[52,87856,189],{"class":188},[52,87858,86726],{"class":192},[52,87860,189],{"class":188},[52,87862,3782],{"class":66},[52,87864,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87866,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87868,6514],{"class":66},[52,87870,87871,87874,87877,87879,87881],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87872,87873],{"class":3996},"    for",[52,87875,87876],{"class":58}," line ",[52,87878,4003],{"class":3996},[52,87880,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87882,6514],{"class":66},[52,87884,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87886,47445],{"class":118},[52,87888,122],{"class":66},[52,87890,54],{"class":92},[52,87892,89],{"class":66},[52,87894,8755],{"class":92},[52,87896,7312],{"class":66},[20,87898,87899,87900,2996,87904,89],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[30,87901,87903],{"href":87902},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[30,87905,87907],{"href":87906},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[38,87909,87911],{"id":87910},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87913,137,87914,87916],{},[15,87915,87090],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[43,87918,87920],{"className":45,"code":87919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87921,87922,87965,87986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87923,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87935,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87925,86694],{"class":3996},[52,87927,86697],{"class":118},[52,87929,122],{"class":66},[52,87931,189],{"class":188},[52,87933,87934],{"class":192},"output.txt",[52,87936,189],{"class":188},[52,87938,74],{"class":66},[52,87940,200],{"class":188},[52,87942,60597],{"class":192},[52,87944,189],{"class":188},[52,87946,74],{"class":66},[52,87948,86719],{"class":9298},[52,87950,63],{"class":62},[52,87952,189],{"class":188},[52,87954,86726],{"class":192},[52,87956,189],{"class":188},[52,87958,3782],{"class":66},[52,87960,47465],{"class":3996},[52,87962,86736],{"class":86735},[52,87964,6514],{"class":66},[52,87966,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87980,87982,87984],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,87968,87240],{"class":86735},[52,87970,89],{"class":66},[52,87972,70299],{"class":92},[52,87974,122],{"class":66},[52,87976,189],{"class":188},[52,87978,87979],{"class":192},"First line",[52,87981,87253],{"class":34560},[52,87983,189],{"class":188},[52,87985,127],{"class":66},[52,87987,87988,87990,87992,87994,87996,87998,88001,88003,88005],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87989,87240],{"class":86735},[52,87991,89],{"class":66},[52,87993,70299],{"class":92},[52,87995,122],{"class":66},[52,87997,189],{"class":188},[52,87999,88000],{"class":192},"Second line",[52,88002,87253],{"class":34560},[52,88004,189],{"class":188},[52,88006,127],{"class":66},[20,88008,137,88009,88011],{},[15,88010,1003],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[43,88013,88015],{"className":45,"code":88014,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88016,88017,88059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88018,88019,88021,88023,88025,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88020,86694],{"class":3996},[52,88022,86697],{"class":118},[52,88024,122],{"class":66},[52,88026,189],{"class":188},[52,88028,87934],{"class":192},[52,88030,189],{"class":188},[52,88032,74],{"class":66},[52,88034,200],{"class":188},[52,88036,30],{"class":192},[52,88038,189],{"class":188},[52,88040,74],{"class":66},[52,88042,86719],{"class":9298},[52,88044,63],{"class":62},[52,88046,189],{"class":188},[52,88048,86726],{"class":192},[52,88050,189],{"class":188},[52,88052,3782],{"class":66},[52,88054,47465],{"class":3996},[52,88056,86736],{"class":86735},[52,88058,6514],{"class":66},[52,88060,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88074,88076,88078],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88062,87240],{"class":86735},[52,88064,89],{"class":66},[52,88066,70299],{"class":92},[52,88068,122],{"class":66},[52,88070,189],{"class":188},[52,88072,88073],{"class":192},"Third line",[52,88075,87253],{"class":34560},[52,88077,189],{"class":188},[52,88079,127],{"class":66},[20,88081,88082],{},"Important detail:",[154,88084,88085,88090,88097],{},[157,88086,88087,88089],{},[15,88088,86825],{}," writes a string",[157,88091,88092,982,88094,88096],{},[15,88093,86825],{},[984,88095,986],{}," add a newline for you",[157,88098,88099,88100,87552],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88101,87253],{},[20,88103,88104,88105,2996,88109,89],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[30,88106,88108],{"href":88107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[30,88110,88112],{"href":88111},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[38,88114,88116],{"id":88115},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88118,88119],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1324,88121,88123],{"id":88122},"encodingutf-8",[15,88124,87070],{},[20,88126,88127],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[43,88129,88131],{"className":45,"code":88130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88132,88133,88176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88134,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88146,88148,88150,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88136,86694],{"class":3996},[52,88138,86697],{"class":118},[52,88140,122],{"class":66},[52,88142,189],{"class":188},[52,88144,88145],{"class":192},"message.txt",[52,88147,189],{"class":188},[52,88149,74],{"class":66},[52,88151,200],{"class":188},[52,88153,60614],{"class":192},[52,88155,189],{"class":188},[52,88157,74],{"class":66},[52,88159,86719],{"class":9298},[52,88161,63],{"class":62},[52,88163,189],{"class":188},[52,88165,86726],{"class":192},[52,88167,189],{"class":188},[52,88169,3782],{"class":66},[52,88171,47465],{"class":3996},[52,88173,86736],{"class":86735},[52,88175,6514],{"class":66},[52,88177,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88179,8188],{"class":118},[52,88181,122],{"class":66},[52,88183,86842],{"class":86735},[52,88185,89],{"class":66},[52,88187,86752],{"class":92},[52,88189,7312],{"class":66},[20,88191,88192],{},"Why it matters:",[154,88194,88195,88198,88201],{},[157,88196,88197],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[157,88199,88200],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[157,88202,88203],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1324,88205,88207],{"id":88206},"newline",[15,88208,88206],{},[20,88210,88211],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88213,88214],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1324,88216,88218],{"id":88217},"buffering",[15,88219,88217],{},[20,88221,88222],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88224,88225],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[38,88227,88229],{"id":88228},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88231,88232],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1324,88234,88236],{"id":88235},"filenotfounderror",[15,88237,88238],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88240,88241],{},"This happens when:",[154,88243,88244,88247,88250],{},[157,88245,88246],{},"the file does not exist",[157,88248,88249],{},"the path is wrong",[157,88251,88252],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88254,347],{},[43,88256,88258],{"className":45,"code":88257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88259,88260,88303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88261,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295,88297,88299,88301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88263,86694],{"class":3996},[52,88265,86697],{"class":118},[52,88267,122],{"class":66},[52,88269,189],{"class":188},[52,88271,88272],{"class":192},"missing.txt",[52,88274,189],{"class":188},[52,88276,74],{"class":66},[52,88278,200],{"class":188},[52,88280,60614],{"class":192},[52,88282,189],{"class":188},[52,88284,74],{"class":66},[52,88286,86719],{"class":9298},[52,88288,63],{"class":62},[52,88290,189],{"class":188},[52,88292,86726],{"class":192},[52,88294,189],{"class":188},[52,88296,3782],{"class":66},[52,88298,47465],{"class":3996},[52,88300,86736],{"class":86735},[52,88302,6514],{"class":66},[52,88304,88305,88307,88309,88311,88313,88315],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88306,8188],{"class":118},[52,88308,122],{"class":66},[52,88310,86842],{"class":86735},[52,88312,89],{"class":66},[52,88314,86752],{"class":92},[52,88316,7312],{"class":66},[20,88318,88319,88320,668,88328,89],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[30,88321,88323,88324,88327],{"href":88322},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[52,88325,88326],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[30,88329,88331],{"href":88330},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1324,88333,88335],{"id":88334},"permissionerror",[15,88336,88337],{},"PermissionError",[20,88339,88340],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88342,88343],{},"Example causes:",[154,88345,88346,88349,88352],{},[157,88347,88348],{},"the file is protected",[157,88350,88351],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[157,88353,88354],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88356,88357,88358],{},"Related page: ",[30,88359,88361,88362,88365],{"href":88360},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[52,88363,88364],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1324,88367,88369],{"id":88368},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88370,88371],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88373,88374],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88376,347],{},[43,88378,88380],{"className":45,"code":88379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88381,88382,88425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88383,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88395,88397,88399,88401,88403,88405,88407,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417,88419,88421,88423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88385,86694],{"class":3996},[52,88387,86697],{"class":118},[52,88389,122],{"class":66},[52,88391,189],{"class":188},[52,88393,88394],{"class":192},"my_folder",[52,88396,189],{"class":188},[52,88398,74],{"class":66},[52,88400,200],{"class":188},[52,88402,60614],{"class":192},[52,88404,189],{"class":188},[52,88406,74],{"class":66},[52,88408,86719],{"class":9298},[52,88410,63],{"class":62},[52,88412,189],{"class":188},[52,88414,86726],{"class":192},[52,88416,189],{"class":188},[52,88418,3782],{"class":66},[52,88420,47465],{"class":3996},[52,88422,86736],{"class":86735},[52,88424,6514],{"class":66},[52,88426,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88428,8188],{"class":118},[52,88430,122],{"class":66},[52,88432,86842],{"class":86735},[52,88434,89],{"class":66},[52,88436,86752],{"class":92},[52,88438,7312],{"class":66},[20,88440,88357,88441],{},[30,88442,88444,88445,88448],{"href":88443},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[52,88446,88447],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1324,88450,88452],{"id":88451},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88453,88454],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88456,88457,88458,89],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88459,86675],{},[20,88461,88357,88462],{},[30,88463,88465],{"href":88464},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[38,88467,88469],{"id":88468},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88471,88472,88473,88475],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88474,86675],{}," function.",[20,88477,88478],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[154,88480,88481,88484,88487,88493],{},[157,88482,88483],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[157,88485,88486],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[157,88488,88489,88490,88492],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88491,86675],{}," itself",[157,88494,88495,88496],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[30,88497,88499],{"href":88498},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[38,88501,2948],{"id":2947},[20,88503,88504,88505,152],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88506,86675],{},[154,88508,88509,88514,88520,88525,88528,88531],{},[157,88510,8538,88511,88513],{},[15,88512,86773],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[157,88515,88516,88517,88519],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88518,86974],{}," for text files",[157,88521,8538,88522,88524],{},[15,88523,87090],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[157,88526,88527],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[157,88529,88530],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[157,88532,88533],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88535,88536],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[43,88538,88540],{"className":45,"code":88539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88541,88542,88549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88543,88544,88546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88545,35199],{"class":3996},[52,88547,88548],{"class":58}," os\n",[52,88550,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88562],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88552,119],{"class":118},[52,88554,122],{"class":66},[52,88556,42734],{"class":92},[52,88558,89],{"class":66},[52,88560,88561],{"class":92},"getcwd",[52,88563,7312],{"class":66},[20,88565,88566],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[43,88568,88570],{"className":45,"code":88569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88571,88572,88578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88573,88574,88576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88575,35199],{"class":3996},[52,88577,88548],{"class":58},[52,88579,88580,88582,88584,88586,88588,88591,88593,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88581,119],{"class":118},[52,88583,122],{"class":66},[52,88585,42734],{"class":92},[52,88587,89],{"class":66},[52,88589,88590],{"class":24860},"path",[52,88592,89],{"class":66},[52,88594,88595],{"class":92},"exists",[52,88597,122],{"class":66},[52,88599,189],{"class":188},[52,88601,86704],{"class":192},[52,88603,189],{"class":188},[52,88605,2150],{"class":66},[20,88607,88608],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[43,88610,88612],{"className":45,"code":88611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88613,88614,88620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88615,88616,88618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88617,35199],{"class":3996},[52,88619,88548],{"class":58},[52,88621,88622,88624,88626,88628,88630,88632,88634,88637,88639,88641,88643,88645],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88623,119],{"class":118},[52,88625,122],{"class":66},[52,88627,42734],{"class":92},[52,88629,89],{"class":66},[52,88631,88590],{"class":24860},[52,88633,89],{"class":66},[52,88635,88636],{"class":92},"isfile",[52,88638,122],{"class":66},[52,88640,189],{"class":188},[52,88642,86704],{"class":192},[52,88644,189],{"class":188},[52,88646,2150],{"class":66},[20,88648,88649],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[43,88651,88653],{"className":45,"code":88652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88654,88655,88697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88656,88657,88659,88661,88663,88665,88667,88669,88671,88673,88675,88677,88679,88681,88683,88685,88687,88689,88691,88693,88695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88658,86694],{"class":3996},[52,88660,86697],{"class":118},[52,88662,122],{"class":66},[52,88664,189],{"class":188},[52,88666,86704],{"class":192},[52,88668,189],{"class":188},[52,88670,74],{"class":66},[52,88672,200],{"class":188},[52,88674,60614],{"class":192},[52,88676,189],{"class":188},[52,88678,74],{"class":66},[52,88680,86719],{"class":9298},[52,88682,63],{"class":62},[52,88684,189],{"class":188},[52,88686,86726],{"class":192},[52,88688,189],{"class":188},[52,88690,3782],{"class":66},[52,88692,47465],{"class":3996},[52,88694,86736],{"class":86735},[52,88696,6514],{"class":66},[52,88698,88699,88701,88703,88705,88707,88709],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88700,8188],{"class":118},[52,88702,122],{"class":66},[52,88704,86842],{"class":86735},[52,88706,89],{"class":66},[52,88708,86752],{"class":92},[52,88710,7312],{"class":66},[20,88712,88713],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[38,88715,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,88717,88719],{"id":88718},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88721,88722],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1324,88724,88726],{"id":88725},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88728,88729,88730,88732],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88731,86694],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1324,88734,1959,88736,668,88738,88740],{"id":88735},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88737,87090],{},[15,88739,1003],{}," mode?",[20,88742,88743,88745,88746,88748],{},[15,88744,87090],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88747,1003],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1324,88750,88752],{"id":88751},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88754,88755],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1324,88757,88759],{"id":88758},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88761,88762,88763,88765],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88764,87070],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[38,88767,1996],{"id":1995},[154,88769,88770,88774,88778,88782,88786,88790,88794,88800],{},[157,88771,88772],{},[30,88773,87903],{"href":87902},[157,88775,88776],{},[30,88777,88108],{"href":88107},[157,88779,88780],{},[30,88781,88112],{"href":88111},[157,88783,88784],{},[30,88785,87907],{"href":87906},[157,88787,88788],{},[30,88789,88499],{"href":88498},[157,88791,88792],{},[30,88793,88331],{"href":88330},[157,88795,88796],{},[30,88797,88323,88798,88327],{"href":88322},[52,88799,88326],{},[157,88801,88802],{},[30,88803,88361,88804,88365],{"href":88360},[52,88805,88364],{},[2044,88807,88808],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":88810},[88811,88812,88813,88814,88815,88816,88817,88822,88823,88828,88834,88835,88836,88844],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":86777,"depth":83,"text":86778},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":87074,"depth":83,"text":87075},{"id":87338,"depth":83,"text":87339},{"id":87462,"depth":83,"text":87463},{"id":87645,"depth":83,"text":87646,"children":88818},[88819,88820,88821],{"id":87655,"depth":115,"text":87656},{"id":87734,"depth":115,"text":87735},{"id":87817,"depth":115,"text":87818},{"id":87910,"depth":83,"text":87911},{"id":88115,"depth":83,"text":88116,"children":88824},[88825,88826,88827],{"id":88122,"depth":115,"text":87070},{"id":88206,"depth":115,"text":88206},{"id":88217,"depth":115,"text":88217},{"id":88228,"depth":83,"text":88229,"children":88829},[88830,88831,88832,88833],{"id":88235,"depth":115,"text":88238},{"id":88334,"depth":115,"text":88337},{"id":88368,"depth":115,"text":88371},{"id":88451,"depth":115,"text":88454},{"id":88468,"depth":83,"text":88469},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":88837},[88838,88839,88840,88842,88843],{"id":88718,"depth":115,"text":88719},{"id":88725,"depth":115,"text":88726},{"id":88735,"depth":115,"text":88841},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88751,"depth":115,"text":88752},{"id":88758,"depth":115,"text":88759},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86665,"description":88845},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88852,"title":88853,"body":88854,"description":90849,"extension":2083,"meta":90850,"navigation":240,"path":90851,"seo":90852,"stem":90853,"__hash__":90854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88855,"toc":90796},[88856,88861,88866,88872,88874,88942,88944,88963,88968,88973,88978,88981,88993,88995,89038,89040,89058,89069,89071,89073,89098,89100,89111,89113,89173,89175,89201,89204,89208,89213,89217,89220,89254,89258,89261,89286,89290,89313,89317,89350,89355,89359,89364,89367,89435,89437,89461,89466,89469,89500,89502,89534,89551,89555,89560,89584,89591,89596,89601,89604,89608,89643,89645,89654,89658,89749,89751,89782,89787,89794,89799,89808,89811,89845,89847,89861,89865,89906,89908,89917,89921,89969,89971,89985,89990,90001,90008,90014,90016,90051,90053,90067,90070,90092,90098,90127,90138,90144,90150,90164,90166,90245,90247,90297,90304,90306,90311,90315,90318,90333,90338,90340,90359,90365,90368,90383,90385,90403,90409,90414,90444,90447,90470,90473,90500,90507,90513,90521,90544,90549,90557,90559,90579,90583,90589,90639,90642,90664,90666,90672,90680,90686,90692,90700,90705,90709,90712,90735,90740,90747,90759,90761,90793],[10,88857,3697,88859,3701],{"id":88858},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88860,46559],{},[20,88862,32424,88863,88865],{},[15,88864,46559],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88867,88868,88869,88871],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88870,46559],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[38,88873,2125],{"id":2124},[43,88875,88877],{"className":45,"code":88876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88878,88879,88891,88900,88904,88914,88924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88880,88881,88883,88885,88887,88889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88882,7995],{"class":58},[52,88884,63],{"class":62},[52,88886,200],{"class":188},[52,88888,8040],{"class":192},[52,88890,3479],{"class":188},[52,88892,88893,88895,88897],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88894,21739],{"class":58},[52,88896,63],{"class":62},[52,88898,88899],{"class":70}," 12\n",[52,88901,88902],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,88903,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,88905,88906,88908,88910,88912],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,88907,119],{"class":118},[52,88909,122],{"class":66},[52,88911,7786],{"class":92},[52,88913,127],{"class":66},[52,88915,88916,88918,88920,88922],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,88917,119],{"class":118},[52,88919,122],{"class":66},[52,88921,9420],{"class":92},[52,88923,127],{"class":66},[52,88925,88926,88928,88930,88932,88934,88936,88938,88940],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,88927,119],{"class":118},[52,88929,122],{"class":66},[52,88931,189],{"class":188},[52,88933,34975],{"class":192},[52,88935,189],{"class":188},[52,88937,74],{"class":66},[52,88939,36101],{"class":92},[52,88941,127],{"class":66},[20,88943,2193],{},[43,88945,88947],{"className":45,"code":88946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88948,88949,88954,88958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88950,88951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88952,88953],{"class":58},"Mia\n",[52,88955,88956],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,88957,2347],{"class":70},[52,88959,88960],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,88961,88962],{"class":58},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88964,137,88965,88967],{},[15,88966,46559],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[38,88969,144,88971,147],{"id":88970},"what-print-does",[15,88972,46559],{},[20,88974,88975,88977],{},[15,88976,46559],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88979,88980],{},"You can use it to display:",[154,88982,88983,88985,88987,88990],{},[157,88984,34816],{},[157,88986,86],{},[157,88988,88989],{},"variables",[157,88991,88992],{},"expressions",[20,88994,347],{},[43,88996,88998],{"className":45,"code":88997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88999,89000,89014,89024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89003,119],{"class":118},[52,89005,122],{"class":66},[52,89007,189],{"class":188},[52,89009,34975],{"class":192},[52,89011,189],{"class":188},[52,89013,127],{"class":66},[52,89015,89016,89018,89020,89022],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89017,119],{"class":118},[52,89019,122],{"class":66},[52,89021,1705],{"class":70},[52,89023,127],{"class":66},[52,89025,89026,89028,89030,89032,89034,89036],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89027,119],{"class":118},[52,89029,122],{"class":66},[52,89031,99],{"class":70},[52,89033,2575],{"class":62},[52,89035,104],{"class":70},[52,89037,127],{"class":66},[20,89039,2193],{},[43,89041,89043],{"className":45,"code":89042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89044,89045,89050,89054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89046,89047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89048,89049],{"class":58},"Hello\n",[52,89051,89052],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89053,3066],{"class":70},[52,89055,89056],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89057,3066],{"class":70},[20,89059,89060,89061,89063,89064,89068],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89062,46559],{}," ",[984,89065,3812,89066],{},[15,89067,445],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[38,89070,268],{"id":267},[20,89072,30834],{},[43,89074,89076],{"className":45,"code":89075,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89077,89078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89079,89080,89082,89084,89087,89089,89092,89094,89096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89081,119],{"class":118},[52,89083,122],{"class":66},[52,89085,89086],{"class":92},"object1",[52,89088,74],{"class":66},[52,89090,89091],{"class":92}," object2",[52,89093,74],{"class":66},[52,89095,34561],{"class":118},[52,89097,127],{"class":66},[20,89099,295],{},[154,89101,89102,89105,89108],{},[157,89103,89104],{},"one value",[157,89106,89107],{},"many values",[157,89109,89110],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89112,347],{},[43,89114,89116],{"className":45,"code":89115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89117,89118,89132,89151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89119,89120,89122,89124,89126,89128,89130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89121,119],{"class":118},[52,89123,122],{"class":66},[52,89125,189],{"class":188},[52,89127,57877],{"class":192},[52,89129,189],{"class":188},[52,89131,127],{"class":66},[52,89133,89134,89136,89138,89140,89143,89145,89147,89149],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89135,119],{"class":118},[52,89137,122],{"class":66},[52,89139,189],{"class":188},[52,89141,89142],{"class":192},"Score:",[52,89144,189],{"class":188},[52,89146,74],{"class":66},[52,89148,6124],{"class":70},[52,89150,127],{"class":66},[52,89152,89153,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89154,119],{"class":118},[52,89156,122],{"class":66},[52,89158,189],{"class":188},[52,89160,45672],{"class":192},[52,89162,189],{"class":188},[52,89164,74],{"class":66},[52,89166,109],{"class":70},[52,89168,2575],{"class":62},[52,89170,37750],{"class":70},[52,89172,127],{"class":66},[20,89174,2193],{},[43,89176,89178],{"className":45,"code":89177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89179,89180,89184,89193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89181,89182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89183,85456],{"class":58},[52,89185,89186,89189,89191],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89187,89188],{"class":58},"Score",[52,89190,152],{"class":66},[52,89192,2704],{"class":70},[52,89194,89195,89197,89199],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89196,45712],{"class":58},[52,89198,152],{"class":66},[52,89200,2704],{"class":70},[20,89202,89203],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[38,89205,89207],{"id":89206},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89209,89210,89211,89],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89212,46559],{},[1324,89214,89216],{"id":89215},"print-text","Print text",[20,89218,89219],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[43,89221,89223],{"className":45,"code":89222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89224,89225,89239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89226,89227,89229,89231,89233,89235,89237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89228,119],{"class":118},[52,89230,122],{"class":66},[52,89232,189],{"class":188},[52,89234,34975],{"class":192},[52,89236,189],{"class":188},[52,89238,127],{"class":66},[52,89240,89241,89243,89245,89247,89250,89252],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89242,119],{"class":118},[52,89244,122],{"class":66},[52,89246,189],{"class":188},[52,89248,89249],{"class":192},"Python is fun",[52,89251,189],{"class":188},[52,89253,127],{"class":66},[1324,89255,89257],{"id":89256},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89259,89260],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[43,89262,89264],{"className":45,"code":89263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89265,89266,89276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89267,89268,89270,89272,89274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89269,119],{"class":118},[52,89271,122],{"class":66},[52,89273,1705],{"class":70},[52,89275,127],{"class":66},[52,89277,89278,89280,89282,89284],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89279,119],{"class":118},[52,89281,122],{"class":66},[52,89283,40250],{"class":70},[52,89285,127],{"class":66},[1324,89287,89289],{"id":89288},"print-variables","Print variables",[43,89291,89293],{"className":45,"code":89292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89294,89295,89303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89296,89297,89299,89301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89298,5213],{"class":58},[52,89300,63],{"class":62},[52,89302,14245],{"class":70},[52,89304,89305,89307,89309,89311],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89306,119],{"class":118},[52,89308,122],{"class":66},[52,89310,85620],{"class":92},[52,89312,127],{"class":66},[1324,89314,89316],{"id":89315},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[43,89318,89320],{"className":45,"code":89319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89321,89322,89336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89323,89324,89326,89328,89330,89332,89334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89325,119],{"class":118},[52,89327,122],{"class":66},[52,89329,99],{"class":70},[52,89331,2575],{"class":62},[52,89333,104],{"class":70},[52,89335,127],{"class":66},[52,89337,89338,89340,89342,89344,89346,89348],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89339,119],{"class":118},[52,89341,122],{"class":66},[52,89343,2452],{"class":70},[52,89345,82933],{"class":62},[52,89347,109],{"class":70},[52,89349,127],{"class":66},[20,89351,89352,89353,89],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[30,89354,51085],{"href":51084},[38,89356,89358],{"id":89357},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89360,89361,89363],{},[15,89362,46559],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89365,89366],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[43,89368,89370],{"className":45,"code":89369,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89371,89372,89385,89393,89397,89416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89373,89374,89376,89378,89380,89383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89375,7995],{"class":58},[52,89377,63],{"class":62},[52,89379,200],{"class":188},[52,89381,89382],{"class":192},"Ava",[52,89384,3479],{"class":188},[52,89386,89387,89389,89391],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89388,21739],{"class":58},[52,89390,63],{"class":62},[52,89392,2704],{"class":70},[52,89394,89395],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89396,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,89398,89399,89401,89403,89405,89408,89410,89412,89414],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,89400,119],{"class":118},[52,89402,122],{"class":66},[52,89404,189],{"class":188},[52,89406,89407],{"class":192},"Name:",[52,89409,189],{"class":188},[52,89411,74],{"class":66},[52,89413,36101],{"class":92},[52,89415,127],{"class":66},[52,89417,89418,89420,89422,89424,89427,89429,89431,89433],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,89419,119],{"class":118},[52,89421,122],{"class":66},[52,89423,189],{"class":188},[52,89425,89426],{"class":192},"Age:",[52,89428,189],{"class":188},[52,89430,74],{"class":66},[52,89432,9311],{"class":92},[52,89434,127],{"class":66},[20,89436,2193],{},[43,89438,89440],{"className":45,"code":89439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89441,89442,89452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89443,89444,89447,89449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89445,89446],{"class":58},"Name",[52,89448,152],{"class":66},[52,89450,89451],{"class":58}," Ava\n",[52,89453,89454,89457,89459],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89455,89456],{"class":58},"Age",[52,89458,152],{"class":66},[52,89460,2704],{"class":70},[20,89462,89463,89464,89],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89465,2182],{},[20,89467,89468],{},"For example, this works:",[43,89470,89472],{"className":45,"code":89471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89473,89474,89482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89475,89476,89478,89480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89477,21739],{"class":58},[52,89479,63],{"class":62},[52,89481,2704],{"class":70},[52,89483,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89485,119],{"class":118},[52,89487,122],{"class":66},[52,89489,189],{"class":188},[52,89491,89426],{"class":192},[52,89493,189],{"class":188},[52,89495,74],{"class":66},[52,89497,9311],{"class":92},[52,89499,127],{"class":66},[20,89501,37033],{},[43,89503,89505],{"className":45,"code":89504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89506,89507,89515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89508,89509,89511,89513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89510,21739],{"class":58},[52,89512,63],{"class":62},[52,89514,2704],{"class":70},[52,89516,89517,89519,89521,89523,89526,89528,89530,89532],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89518,119],{"class":118},[52,89520,122],{"class":66},[52,89522,189],{"class":188},[52,89524,89525],{"class":192},"Age: ",[52,89527,189],{"class":188},[52,89529,2575],{"class":62},[52,89531,9311],{"class":92},[52,89533,127],{"class":66},[20,89535,89536,89537,89540,89541,89543,89544,89546,89547,89],{},"That fails because ",[15,89538,89539],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89542,9420],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89545,2182],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[30,89548,89549],{"href":42283},[15,89550,47791],{},[38,89552,89554],{"id":89553},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89556,89557,89559],{},[15,89558,46559],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[154,89561,89562,89568,89573,89578],{},[157,89563,89564,89567],{},[15,89565,89566],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[157,89569,89570,89572],{},[15,89571,52769],{}," controls what is added after the output",[157,89574,89575,89577],{},[15,89576,86842],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[157,89579,89580,89583],{},[15,89581,89582],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89585,89586,89587,668,89589,89],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89588,89566],{},[15,89590,52769],{},[38,89592,89594,36722],{"id":89593},"sep-argument",[15,89595,89566],{},[20,89597,2100,89598,89600],{},[15,89599,89566],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89602,89603],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1324,89605,89607],{"id":89606},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[43,89609,89611],{"className":45,"code":89610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89612,89613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89614,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623,89625,89627,89629,89631,89633,89635,89637,89639,89641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89616,119],{"class":118},[52,89618,122],{"class":66},[52,89620,189],{"class":188},[52,89622,193],{"class":192},[52,89624,189],{"class":188},[52,89626,74],{"class":66},[52,89628,200],{"class":188},[52,89630,231],{"class":192},[52,89632,189],{"class":188},[52,89634,74],{"class":66},[52,89636,200],{"class":188},[52,89638,203],{"class":192},[52,89640,189],{"class":188},[52,89642,127],{"class":66},[20,89644,2193],{},[43,89646,89648],{"className":45,"code":89647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red green blue\n",[15,89649,89650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89651,89652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89653,89647],{"class":58},[1324,89655,89657],{"id":89656},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[43,89659,89661],{"className":45,"code":89660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89662,89663,89706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89664,89665,89667,89669,89671,89673,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691,89693,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89666,119],{"class":118},[52,89668,122],{"class":66},[52,89670,189],{"class":188},[52,89672,193],{"class":192},[52,89674,189],{"class":188},[52,89676,74],{"class":66},[52,89678,200],{"class":188},[52,89680,231],{"class":192},[52,89682,189],{"class":188},[52,89684,74],{"class":66},[52,89686,200],{"class":188},[52,89688,203],{"class":192},[52,89690,189],{"class":188},[52,89692,74],{"class":66},[52,89694,89695],{"class":9298}," sep",[52,89697,63],{"class":62},[52,89699,189],{"class":188},[52,89701,74],{"class":192},[52,89703,189],{"class":188},[52,89705,127],{"class":66},[52,89707,89708,89710,89712,89714,89716,89718,89720,89722,89724,89726,89728,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742,89745,89747],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89709,119],{"class":118},[52,89711,122],{"class":66},[52,89713,189],{"class":188},[52,89715,193],{"class":192},[52,89717,189],{"class":188},[52,89719,74],{"class":66},[52,89721,200],{"class":188},[52,89723,231],{"class":192},[52,89725,189],{"class":188},[52,89727,74],{"class":66},[52,89729,200],{"class":188},[52,89731,203],{"class":192},[52,89733,189],{"class":188},[52,89735,74],{"class":66},[52,89737,89695],{"class":9298},[52,89739,63],{"class":62},[52,89741,189],{"class":188},[52,89743,89744],{"class":192}," - ",[52,89746,189],{"class":188},[52,89748,127],{"class":66},[20,89750,2193],{},[43,89752,89754],{"className":45,"code":89753,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89755,89756,89768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89757,89758,89760,89762,89764,89766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89759,193],{"class":58},[52,89761,74],{"class":66},[52,89763,231],{"class":58},[52,89765,74],{"class":66},[52,89767,70085],{"class":58},[52,89769,89770,89773,89775,89778,89780],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89771,89772],{"class":58},"red ",[52,89774,2144],{"class":62},[52,89776,89777],{"class":58}," green ",[52,89779,2144],{"class":62},[52,89781,35990],{"class":58},[20,89783,89784,89786],{},[15,89785,89566],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89788,89789,89790,89],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[30,89791,89793],{"href":89792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[38,89795,89797,36722],{"id":89796},"end-argument",[15,89798,52769],{},[20,89800,89801,89802,89804,89805,89807],{},"By default, ",[15,89803,46559],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89806,46559],{}," starts on a new line.",[1324,89809,89607],{"id":89810},"default-behavior-1",[43,89812,89814],{"className":45,"code":89813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89815,89816,89830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89817,89818,89820,89822,89824,89826,89828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89819,119],{"class":118},[52,89821,122],{"class":66},[52,89823,189],{"class":188},[52,89825,34975],{"class":192},[52,89827,189],{"class":188},[52,89829,127],{"class":66},[52,89831,89832,89834,89836,89838,89841,89843],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89833,119],{"class":118},[52,89835,122],{"class":66},[52,89837,189],{"class":188},[52,89839,89840],{"class":192},"World",[52,89842,189],{"class":188},[52,89844,127],{"class":66},[20,89846,2193],{},[43,89848,89850],{"className":45,"code":89849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89851,89852,89856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89853,89854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89855,89049],{"class":58},[52,89857,89858],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89859,89860],{"class":58},"World\n",[1324,89862,89864],{"id":89863},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[43,89866,89868],{"className":45,"code":89867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89869,89870,89892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89871,89872,89874,89876,89878,89880,89882,89884,89886,89888,89890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89873,119],{"class":118},[52,89875,122],{"class":66},[52,89877,189],{"class":188},[52,89879,34975],{"class":192},[52,89881,189],{"class":188},[52,89883,74],{"class":66},[52,89885,65145],{"class":9298},[52,89887,63],{"class":62},[52,89889,6392],{"class":188},[52,89891,127],{"class":66},[52,89893,89894,89896,89898,89900,89902,89904],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89895,119],{"class":118},[52,89897,122],{"class":66},[52,89899,189],{"class":188},[52,89901,89840],{"class":192},[52,89903,189],{"class":188},[52,89905,127],{"class":66},[20,89907,2193],{},[43,89909,89911],{"className":45,"code":89910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89912,89913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89914,89915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89916,89910],{"class":58},[1324,89918,89920],{"id":89919},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[43,89922,89924],{"className":45,"code":89923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89925,89926,89955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89927,89928,89930,89932,89934,89936,89938,89940,89942,89944,89946,89949,89951,89953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89929,119],{"class":118},[52,89931,122],{"class":66},[52,89933,189],{"class":188},[52,89935,34975],{"class":192},[52,89937,189],{"class":188},[52,89939,74],{"class":66},[52,89941,65145],{"class":9298},[52,89943,63],{"class":62},[52,89945,189],{"class":188},[52,89947,89948],{"class":192},"!",[52,89950,87253],{"class":34560},[52,89952,189],{"class":188},[52,89954,127],{"class":66},[52,89956,89957,89959,89961,89963,89965,89967],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89958,119],{"class":118},[52,89960,122],{"class":66},[52,89962,189],{"class":188},[52,89964,89840],{"class":192},[52,89966,189],{"class":188},[52,89968,127],{"class":66},[20,89970,2193],{},[43,89972,89974],{"className":45,"code":89973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89975,89976,89981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89977,89978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89979,89980],{"class":58},"Hello!\n",[52,89982,89983],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,89984,89860],{"class":58},[20,89986,2100,89987,89989],{},[15,89988,52769],{}," argument is useful for:",[154,89991,89992,89995,89998],{},[157,89993,89994],{},"progress messages",[157,89996,89997],{},"inline output",[157,89999,90000],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[38,90002,90004,442,90006],{"id":90003},"print-returns-none",[15,90005,46559],{},[15,90007,445],{},[20,90009,90010,90011,90013],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90012,46559],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90015,347],{},[43,90017,90019],{"className":45,"code":90018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90020,90021,90041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90022,90023,90025,90027,90030,90032,90034,90037,90039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90024,474],{"class":58},[52,90026,63],{"class":62},[52,90028,90029],{"class":118}," print",[52,90031,122],{"class":66},[52,90033,189],{"class":188},[52,90035,90036],{"class":192},"Hi",[52,90038,189],{"class":188},[52,90040,127],{"class":66},[52,90042,90043,90045,90047,90049],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90044,119],{"class":118},[52,90046,122],{"class":66},[52,90048,507],{"class":92},[52,90050,127],{"class":66},[20,90052,2193],{},[43,90054,90056],{"className":45,"code":90055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90057,90058,90063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90059,90060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90061,90062],{"class":58},"Hi\n",[52,90064,90065],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90066,11924],{"class":3971},[20,90068,90069],{},"Why does this happen?",[154,90071,90072,90080,90085],{},[157,90073,90074,90077,90078],{},[15,90075,90076],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90079,90036],{},[157,90081,90082,90083],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90084,445],{},[157,90086,90087,90088,12036,90090],{},"so ",[15,90089,507],{},[15,90091,445],{},[20,90093,90094,90095,90097],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90096,46559],{}," call.",[43,90099,90101],{"className":45,"code":90100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90102,90103,90116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90104,90105,90108,90110,90112,90114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90106,90107],{"class":58},"message ",[52,90109,63],{"class":62},[52,90111,200],{"class":188},[52,90113,90036],{"class":192},[52,90115,3479],{"class":188},[52,90117,90118,90120,90122,90125],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90119,119],{"class":118},[52,90121,122],{"class":66},[52,90123,90124],{"class":92},"message",[52,90126,127],{"class":66},[20,90128,90129,90130,90132,90133,90137],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90131,46559],{}," with functions like ",[30,90134,90135],{"href":8339},[15,90136,3077],{},", which do return a value.",[38,90139,90141,90142],{"id":90140},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90143,46559],{},[20,90145,90146,90147,90149],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90148,46559],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[154,90151,90152,90155,90158,90161],{},[157,90153,90154],{},"to display results to the user",[157,90156,90157],{},"to show messages in a script",[157,90159,90160],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[157,90162,90163],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90165,347],{},[43,90167,90169],{"className":45,"code":90168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90170,90171,90179,90183,90203,90214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90172,90173,90175,90177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90174,41290],{"class":58},[52,90176,63],{"class":62},[52,90178,38619],{"class":70},[52,90180,90181],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90182,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,90184,90185,90187,90189,90191,90193,90195,90197,90199,90201],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90186,6077],{"class":3996},[52,90188,6507],{"class":58},[52,90190,4003],{"class":3996},[52,90192,54179],{"class":118},[52,90194,122],{"class":66},[52,90196,71],{"class":70},[52,90198,74],{"class":66},[52,90200,109],{"class":70},[52,90202,8462],{"class":66},[52,90204,90205,90208,90211],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,90206,90207],{"class":58},"    total ",[52,90209,90210],{"class":62},"+=",[52,90212,90213],{"class":58}," number\n",[52,90215,90216,90218,90220,90222,90225,90227,90229,90231,90233,90235,90237,90239,90241,90243],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,90217,8188],{"class":118},[52,90219,122],{"class":66},[52,90221,189],{"class":188},[52,90223,90224],{"class":192},"Current number:",[52,90226,189],{"class":188},[52,90228,74],{"class":66},[52,90230,2319],{"class":92},[52,90232,74],{"class":66},[52,90234,200],{"class":188},[52,90236,45672],{"class":192},[52,90238,189],{"class":188},[52,90240,74],{"class":66},[52,90242,45679],{"class":92},[52,90244,127],{"class":66},[20,90246,2193],{},[43,90248,90250],{"className":45,"code":90249,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90251,90252,90268,90282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90253,90254,90257,90259,90261,90264,90266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90255,90256],{"class":58},"Current number",[52,90258,152],{"class":66},[52,90260,5616],{"class":70},[52,90262,90263],{"class":58}," Total",[52,90265,152],{"class":66},[52,90267,29725],{"class":70},[52,90269,90270,90272,90274,90276,90278,90280],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90271,90256],{"class":58},[52,90273,152],{"class":66},[52,90275,77],{"class":70},[52,90277,90263],{"class":58},[52,90279,152],{"class":66},[52,90281,2695],{"class":70},[52,90283,90284,90286,90288,90290,90292,90294],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90285,90256],{"class":58},[52,90287,152],{"class":66},[52,90289,104],{"class":70},[52,90291,90263],{"class":58},[52,90293,152],{"class":66},[52,90295,90296],{"class":70}," 6\n",[20,90298,90299,90300,89],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[30,90301,90303],{"href":90302},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[38,90305,2948],{"id":2947},[20,90307,90308,90309,89],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90310,46559],{},[1324,90312,90314],{"id":90313},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90316,90317],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[43,90319,90321],{"className":45,"code":90320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90322,90323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90324,90325,90327,90329,90331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90326,119],{"class":118},[52,90328,122],{"class":66},[52,90330,34975],{"class":92},[52,90332,127],{"class":66},[20,90334,8997,90335,90337],{},[15,90336,34975],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90339,10925],{},[43,90341,90343],{"className":45,"code":90342,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90344,90345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90346,90347,90349,90351,90353,90355,90357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90348,119],{"class":118},[52,90350,122],{"class":66},[52,90352,189],{"class":188},[52,90354,34975],{"class":192},[52,90356,189],{"class":188},[52,90358,127],{"class":66},[1324,90360,8538,90362,90364],{"id":90361},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90363,119],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90366,90367],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[43,90369,90371],{"className":45,"code":90370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90372,90373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90374,90375,90377,90379,90381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90376,119],{"class":118},[52,90378,200],{"class":188},[52,90380,34975],{"class":192},[52,90382,3479],{"class":188},[20,90384,10925],{},[43,90386,90387],{"className":45,"code":90342,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90388,90389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90390,90391,90393,90395,90397,90399,90401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90392,119],{"class":118},[52,90394,122],{"class":66},[52,90396,189],{"class":188},[52,90398,34975],{"class":192},[52,90400,189],{"class":188},[52,90402,127],{"class":66},[1324,90404,90406,90407],{"id":90405},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90408,2182],{},[20,90410,90411,90412,89],{},"This causes a ",[15,90413,1713],{},[43,90415,90416],{"className":45,"code":89504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90417,90418,90426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90419,90420,90422,90424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90421,21739],{"class":58},[52,90423,63],{"class":62},[52,90425,2704],{"class":70},[52,90427,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90429,119],{"class":118},[52,90431,122],{"class":66},[52,90433,189],{"class":188},[52,90435,89525],{"class":192},[52,90437,189],{"class":188},[52,90439,2575],{"class":62},[52,90441,9311],{"class":92},[52,90443,127],{"class":66},[20,90445,90446],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[43,90448,90450],{"className":45,"code":90449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90451,90452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90453,90454,90456,90458,90460,90462,90464,90466,90468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90455,119],{"class":118},[52,90457,122],{"class":66},[52,90459,189],{"class":188},[52,90461,89426],{"class":192},[52,90463,189],{"class":188},[52,90465,74],{"class":66},[52,90467,9311],{"class":92},[52,90469,127],{"class":66},[20,90471,90472],{},"Or convert the number first:",[43,90474,90476],{"className":45,"code":90475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90477,90478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90479,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496,90498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90481,119],{"class":118},[52,90483,122],{"class":66},[52,90485,189],{"class":188},[52,90487,89525],{"class":192},[52,90489,189],{"class":188},[52,90491,2575],{"class":62},[52,90493,49012],{"class":3020},[52,90495,122],{"class":66},[52,90497,9420],{"class":92},[52,90499,2150],{"class":66},[20,90501,90502,90503,89],{},"If you see this error, read ",[30,90504,90506],{"href":90505},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1324,90508,8574,90510,90512],{"id":90509},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90511,46559],{}," to return a value",[20,90514,90515,90516,35438,90519,152],{},"This does not store ",[15,90517,90518],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90520,507],{},[43,90522,90524],{"className":45,"code":90523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90525,90526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90527,90528,90530,90532,90534,90536,90538,90540,90542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90529,474],{"class":58},[52,90531,63],{"class":62},[52,90533,90029],{"class":118},[52,90535,122],{"class":66},[52,90537,189],{"class":188},[52,90539,34975],{"class":192},[52,90541,189],{"class":188},[52,90543,127],{"class":66},[20,90545,90546,90547,89],{},"It stores ",[15,90548,445],{},[1324,90550,90552,90553,668,90555],{"id":90551},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90554,89566],{},[15,90556,52769],{},[20,90558,85912],{},[154,90560,90561,90570],{},[157,90562,90563,90565,90566,90569],{},[15,90564,89566],{}," changes what goes ",[984,90567,90568],{},"between"," multiple values",[157,90571,90572,90574,90575,90578],{},[15,90573,52769],{}," changes what appears ",[984,90576,90577],{},"after"," the output",[38,90580,90582],{"id":90581},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90584,90585,90586,90588],{},"These simple ",[15,90587,46559],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[43,90590,90592],{"className":45,"code":90591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90593,90594,90614,90629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90595,90596,90598,90600,90602,90605,90607,90609,90612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90597,119],{"class":118},[52,90599,122],{"class":66},[52,90601,189],{"class":188},[52,90603,90604],{"class":192},"Debug:",[52,90606,189],{"class":188},[52,90608,74],{"class":66},[52,90610,90611],{"class":92}," variable_name",[52,90613,127],{"class":66},[52,90615,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624,90627],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90617,119],{"class":118},[52,90619,122],{"class":66},[52,90621,3340],{"class":3020},[52,90623,122],{"class":66},[52,90625,90626],{"class":92},"variable_name",[52,90628,2150],{"class":66},[52,90630,90631,90633,90635,90637],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90632,32262],{"class":118},[52,90634,122],{"class":66},[52,90636,119],{"class":118},[52,90638,127],{"class":66},[20,90640,90641],{},"What they do:",[154,90643,90644,90650,90656],{},[157,90645,90646,90649],{},[15,90647,90648],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[157,90651,90652,90655],{},[15,90653,90654],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[157,90657,90658,90661,90662],{},[15,90659,90660],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90663,46559],{},[38,90665,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,90667,1937,90669,90671],{"id":90668},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90670,46559],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90673,90674,90675,90677,90678,36728],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90676,46559],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90679,52769],{},[1324,90681,5288,90683,90685],{"id":90682},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90684,46559],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90687,90688,90689,90691],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90690,46559],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1324,90693,5276,90695,5279,90698,1964],{"id":90694},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90696,90697],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90699,445],{},[20,90701,29171,90702,90704],{},[15,90703,46559],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1324,90706,90708],{"id":90707},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90710,90711],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[43,90713,90715],{"className":45,"code":90714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90716,90717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90718,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727,90729,90731,90733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90720,119],{"class":118},[52,90722,122],{"class":66},[52,90724,189],{"class":188},[52,90726,89426],{"class":192},[52,90728,189],{"class":188},[52,90730,74],{"class":66},[52,90732,6124],{"class":70},[52,90734,127],{"class":66},[20,90736,90737,90738,40036],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90739,47791],{},[1324,90741,1959,90743,668,90745,1964],{"id":90742},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90744,89566],{},[15,90746,52769],{},[154,90748,90749,90754],{},[157,90750,90751,90753],{},[15,90752,89566],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[157,90755,90756,90758],{},[15,90757,52769],{}," changes what appears after the output",[38,90760,1996],{"id":1995},[154,90762,90763,90767,90773,90779,90784,90789],{},[157,90764,90765],{},[30,90766,51085],{"href":51084},[157,90768,90769],{},[30,90770,3697,90771,3630],{"href":8339},[15,90772,3077],{},[157,90774,90775],{},[30,90776,3697,90777,3630],{"href":42283},[15,90778,47791],{},[157,90780,90781],{},[30,90782,90783],{"href":89792},"How to format strings in Python",[157,90785,90786],{},[30,90787,90788],{"href":90302},"How to debug Python code",[157,90790,90791],{},[30,90792,90506],{"href":90505},[2044,90794,90795],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":90797},[90798,90799,90801,90802,90808,90809,90810,90815,90821,90823,90825,90836,90837,90848],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":88970,"depth":83,"text":90800},"What print() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":89206,"depth":83,"text":89207,"children":90803},[90804,90805,90806,90807],{"id":89215,"depth":115,"text":89216},{"id":89256,"depth":115,"text":89257},{"id":89288,"depth":115,"text":89289},{"id":89315,"depth":115,"text":89316},{"id":89357,"depth":83,"text":89358},{"id":89553,"depth":83,"text":89554},{"id":89593,"depth":83,"text":90811,"children":90812},"sep argument",[90813,90814],{"id":89606,"depth":115,"text":89607},{"id":89656,"depth":115,"text":89657},{"id":89796,"depth":83,"text":90816,"children":90817},"end argument",[90818,90819,90820],{"id":89810,"depth":115,"text":89607},{"id":89863,"depth":115,"text":89864},{"id":89919,"depth":115,"text":89920},{"id":90003,"depth":83,"text":90822},"print() returns None",{"id":90140,"depth":83,"text":90824},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":90826},[90827,90828,90830,90832,90834],{"id":90313,"depth":115,"text":90314},{"id":90361,"depth":115,"text":90829},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90405,"depth":115,"text":90831},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90509,"depth":115,"text":90833},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90551,"depth":115,"text":90835},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90581,"depth":83,"text":90582},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":90838},[90839,90841,90843,90845,90846],{"id":90668,"depth":115,"text":90840},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90682,"depth":115,"text":90842},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90694,"depth":115,"text":90844},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90707,"depth":115,"text":90708},{"id":90742,"depth":115,"text":90847},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88853,"description":90849},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90856,"title":90857,"body":90858,"description":93162,"extension":2083,"meta":93163,"navigation":240,"path":93164,"seo":93165,"stem":93166,"__hash__":93167},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90859,"toc":93108},[90860,90865,90870,90883,90885,90950,90961,90966,90971,90973,90996,90999,91030,91032,91049,91054,91060,91065,91114,91117,91134,91140,91145,91168,91170,91198,91204,91212,91239,91241,91266,91272,91275,91306,91308,91337,91341,91344,91349,91371,91373,91401,91407,91413,91439,91441,91465,91471,91477,91507,91509,91537,91547,91551,91557,91590,91592,91621,91624,91627,91660,91662,91670,91676,91678,91701,91706,91715,91720,91734,91736,91776,91778,91808,91812,91847,91853,91857,91901,91903,91933,91939,91942,92021,92023,92045,92053,92056,92119,92127,92202,92208,92215,92220,92225,92248,92250,92271,92273,92286,92288,92335,92337,92376,92385,92387,92391,92395,92398,92425,92428,92457,92460,92484,92487,92495,92501,92523,92525,92553,92557,92562,92617,92622,92624,92681,92688,92697,92700,92732,92734,92742,92745,92751,92753,92776,92779,92785,92788,92807,92809,92828,92831,92853,92855,92883,92887,92891,92996,92998,93011,93013,93019,93022,93030,93035,93041,93047,93052,93060,93066,93073,93075,93105],[10,90861,3697,90863,3701],{"id":90862},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90864,36306],{},[20,90866,32424,90867,90869],{},[15,90868,36306],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90871,90872,90873,90875,90876,90878,90879,90882],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90874,6077],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90877,36306],{}," stops ",[984,90880,90881],{},"before"," the end value.",[38,90884,2125],{"id":2124},[43,90886,90888],{"className":45,"code":90887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90889,90890,90906,90916,90920,90925,90930,90935,90940,90945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90891,90892,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902,90904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90893,6077],{"class":3996},[52,90895,69652],{"class":58},[52,90897,4003],{"class":3996},[52,90899,54179],{"class":118},[52,90901,122],{"class":66},[52,90903,1705],{"class":70},[52,90905,8462],{"class":66},[52,90907,90908,90910,90912,90914],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,90909,8188],{"class":118},[52,90911,122],{"class":66},[52,90913,36262],{"class":92},[52,90915,127],{"class":66},[52,90917,90918],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90919,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,90921,90922],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,90923,90924],{"class":133},"# Output:\n",[52,90926,90927],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,90928,90929],{"class":133},"# 0\n",[52,90931,90932],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,90933,90934],{"class":133},"# 1\n",[52,90936,90937],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,90938,90939],{"class":133},"# 2\n",[52,90941,90942],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,90943,90944],{"class":133},"# 3\n",[52,90946,90947],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,90948,90949],{"class":133},"# 4\n",[20,90951,90952,90955,90956,90958,90959,89],{},[15,90953,90954],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90957,2243],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90960,1705],{},[38,90962,144,90964,147],{"id":90963},"what-range-does",[15,90965,36306],{},[20,90967,90968,90970],{},[15,90969,36306],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90972,13169],{},[154,90974,90975,90980,90986,90991],{},[157,90976,90977,90979],{},[15,90978,36306],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[157,90981,90982,90983,90985],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90984,6077],{}," loops",[157,90987,90988,90989],{},"The stop value is ",[984,90990,65174],{},[157,90992,17536,90993,90995],{},[15,90994,60107],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90997,90998],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[43,91000,91002],{"className":45,"code":91001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91003,91004,91020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91005,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91007,6077],{"class":3996},[52,91009,6507],{"class":58},[52,91011,4003],{"class":3996},[52,91013,54179],{"class":118},[52,91015,122],{"class":66},[52,91017,488],{"class":70},[52,91019,8462],{"class":66},[52,91021,91022,91024,91026,91028],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91023,8188],{"class":118},[52,91025,122],{"class":66},[52,91027,2361],{"class":92},[52,91029,127],{"class":66},[20,91031,2193],{},[43,91033,91035],{"className":45,"code":91034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91036,91037,91041,91045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91038,91039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91040,47359],{"class":70},[52,91042,91043],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91044,47024],{"class":70},[52,91046,91047],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91048,17170],{"class":70},[20,91050,91051,91052,89],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[30,91053,36138],{"href":36137},[38,91055,91057,91059],{"id":91056},"range-syntax",[15,91058,36306],{}," syntax",[20,91061,91062,91064],{},[15,91063,36306],{}," has three common forms:",[43,91066,91068],{"className":45,"code":91067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91069,91070,91080,91095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91071,91072,91074,91076,91078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91073,60107],{"class":118},[52,91075,122],{"class":66},[52,91077,75530],{"class":92},[52,91079,127],{"class":66},[52,91081,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090,91093],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91083,60107],{"class":118},[52,91085,122],{"class":66},[52,91087,36182],{"class":92},[52,91089,74],{"class":66},[52,91091,91092],{"class":92}," stop",[52,91094,127],{"class":66},[52,91096,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91112],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91098,60107],{"class":118},[52,91100,122],{"class":66},[52,91102,36182],{"class":92},[52,91104,74],{"class":66},[52,91106,91092],{"class":92},[52,91108,74],{"class":66},[52,91110,91111],{"class":92}," step",[52,91113,127],{"class":66},[20,91115,91116],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[154,91118,91119,91124,91129],{},[157,91120,91121,91123],{},[15,91122,36182],{}," = first number",[157,91125,91126,91128],{},[15,91127,75530],{}," = end limit, not included",[157,91130,91131,91133],{},[15,91132,75533],{}," = amount to move each time",[1324,91135,91137],{"id":91136},"rangestop",[15,91138,91139],{},"range(stop)",[20,91141,91142,91143,89],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91144,2243],{},[43,91146,91148],{"className":45,"code":91147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91149,91150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91151,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91153,119],{"class":118},[52,91155,122],{"class":66},[52,91157,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91159,122],{"class":66},[52,91161,60107],{"class":118},[52,91163,122],{"class":66},[52,91165,1705],{"class":70},[52,91167,3031],{"class":66},[20,91169,2193],{},[43,91171,91172],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91173,91174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91175,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91177,4020],{"class":66},[52,91179,2243],{"class":70},[52,91181,74],{"class":66},[52,91183,5616],{"class":70},[52,91185,74],{"class":66},[52,91187,77],{"class":70},[52,91189,74],{"class":66},[52,91191,104],{"class":70},[52,91193,74],{"class":66},[52,91195,109],{"class":70},[52,91197,3756],{"class":66},[1324,91199,91201],{"id":91200},"rangestart-stop",[15,91202,91203],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91205,91206,91207,91209,91210,89],{},"This starts at ",[15,91208,36182],{}," and stops before ",[15,91211,75530],{},[43,91213,91215],{"className":45,"code":91214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91216,91217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91218,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91220,119],{"class":118},[52,91222,122],{"class":66},[52,91224,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91226,122],{"class":66},[52,91228,60107],{"class":118},[52,91230,122],{"class":66},[52,91232,99],{"class":70},[52,91234,74],{"class":66},[52,91236,37750],{"class":70},[52,91238,3031],{"class":66},[20,91240,2193],{},[43,91242,91244],{"className":45,"code":91243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91245,91246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91247,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91249,4020],{"class":66},[52,91251,99],{"class":70},[52,91253,74],{"class":66},[52,91255,104],{"class":70},[52,91257,74],{"class":66},[52,91259,109],{"class":70},[52,91261,74],{"class":66},[52,91263,396],{"class":70},[52,91265,3756],{"class":66},[1324,91267,91269],{"id":91268},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91270,91271],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91273,91274],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[43,91276,91278],{"className":45,"code":91277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91279,91280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91281,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91283,119],{"class":118},[52,91285,122],{"class":66},[52,91287,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91289,122],{"class":66},[52,91291,60107],{"class":118},[52,91293,122],{"class":66},[52,91295,71],{"class":70},[52,91297,74],{"class":66},[52,91299,6124],{"class":70},[52,91301,74],{"class":66},[52,91303,77],{"class":70},[52,91305,3031],{"class":66},[20,91307,2193],{},[43,91309,91311],{"className":45,"code":91310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91312,91313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91314,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91316,4020],{"class":66},[52,91318,71],{"class":70},[52,91320,74],{"class":66},[52,91322,104],{"class":70},[52,91324,74],{"class":66},[52,91326,396],{"class":70},[52,91328,74],{"class":66},[52,91330,6113],{"class":70},[52,91332,74],{"class":66},[52,91334,54245],{"class":70},[52,91336,3756],{"class":66},[38,91338,91340],{"id":91339},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91342,91343],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1324,91345,91347],{"id":91346},"range5",[15,91348,90954],{},[43,91350,91351],{"className":45,"code":91147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91352,91353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91354,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91356,119],{"class":118},[52,91358,122],{"class":66},[52,91360,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91362,122],{"class":66},[52,91364,60107],{"class":118},[52,91366,122],{"class":66},[52,91368,1705],{"class":70},[52,91370,3031],{"class":66},[20,91372,2193],{},[43,91374,91375],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91376,91377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91378,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91380,4020],{"class":66},[52,91382,2243],{"class":70},[52,91384,74],{"class":66},[52,91386,5616],{"class":70},[52,91388,74],{"class":66},[52,91390,77],{"class":70},[52,91392,74],{"class":66},[52,91394,104],{"class":70},[52,91396,74],{"class":66},[52,91398,109],{"class":70},[52,91400,3756],{"class":66},[20,91402,91206,91403,91209,91405,89],{},[15,91404,2243],{},[15,91406,1705],{},[1324,91408,91410],{"id":91409},"range2-6",[15,91411,91412],{},"range(2, 6)",[43,91414,91415],{"className":45,"code":91214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91416,91417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91418,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91420,119],{"class":118},[52,91422,122],{"class":66},[52,91424,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91426,122],{"class":66},[52,91428,60107],{"class":118},[52,91430,122],{"class":66},[52,91432,99],{"class":70},[52,91434,74],{"class":66},[52,91436,37750],{"class":70},[52,91438,3031],{"class":66},[20,91440,2193],{},[43,91442,91443],{"className":45,"code":91243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91444,91445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91446,91447,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91448,4020],{"class":66},[52,91450,99],{"class":70},[52,91452,74],{"class":66},[52,91454,104],{"class":70},[52,91456,74],{"class":66},[52,91458,109],{"class":70},[52,91460,74],{"class":66},[52,91462,396],{"class":70},[52,91464,3756],{"class":66},[20,91466,91206,91467,91209,91469,89],{},[15,91468,99],{},[15,91470,404],{},[1324,91472,91474],{"id":91473},"range1-10-2",[15,91475,91476],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[43,91478,91479],{"className":45,"code":91277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91480,91481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91482,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91484,119],{"class":118},[52,91486,122],{"class":66},[52,91488,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91490,122],{"class":66},[52,91492,60107],{"class":118},[52,91494,122],{"class":66},[52,91496,71],{"class":70},[52,91498,74],{"class":66},[52,91500,6124],{"class":70},[52,91502,74],{"class":66},[52,91504,77],{"class":70},[52,91506,3031],{"class":66},[20,91508,2193],{},[43,91510,91511],{"className":45,"code":91310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91512,91513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91514,91515,91517,91519,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91516,4020],{"class":66},[52,91518,71],{"class":70},[52,91520,74],{"class":66},[52,91522,104],{"class":70},[52,91524,74],{"class":66},[52,91526,396],{"class":70},[52,91528,74],{"class":66},[52,91530,6113],{"class":70},[52,91532,74],{"class":66},[52,91534,54245],{"class":70},[52,91536,3756],{"class":66},[20,91538,91539,91540,91542,91543,61410,91545,89],{},"This moves by ",[15,91541,99],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91544,71],{},[15,91546,2267],{},[1324,91548,91550],{"id":91549},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91552,91553,91554,91556],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91555,36306],{}," count backward.",[43,91558,91560],{"className":45,"code":91559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91561,91562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91563,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91565,119],{"class":118},[52,91567,122],{"class":66},[52,91569,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91571,122],{"class":66},[52,91573,60107],{"class":118},[52,91575,122],{"class":66},[52,91577,1705],{"class":70},[52,91579,74],{"class":66},[52,91581,3952],{"class":70},[52,91583,74],{"class":66},[52,91585,2344],{"class":62},[52,91587,71],{"class":70},[52,91589,3031],{"class":66},[20,91591,2193],{},[43,91593,91595],{"className":45,"code":91594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91596,91597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91598,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91600,4020],{"class":66},[52,91602,1705],{"class":70},[52,91604,74],{"class":66},[52,91606,109],{"class":70},[52,91608,74],{"class":66},[52,91610,104],{"class":70},[52,91612,74],{"class":66},[52,91614,77],{"class":70},[52,91616,74],{"class":66},[52,91618,5616],{"class":70},[52,91620,3756],{"class":66},[20,91622,91623],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91625,91626],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[43,91628,91630],{"className":45,"code":91629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91631,91632],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91633,91634,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91635,119],{"class":118},[52,91637,122],{"class":66},[52,91639,8213],{"class":3020},[52,91641,122],{"class":66},[52,91643,60107],{"class":118},[52,91645,122],{"class":66},[52,91647,71],{"class":70},[52,91649,74],{"class":66},[52,91651,396],{"class":70},[52,91653,74],{"class":66},[52,91655,2344],{"class":62},[52,91657,71],{"class":70},[52,91659,3031],{"class":66},[20,91661,2193],{},[43,91663,91664],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91665,91666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91667,91668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91669,38404],{"class":66},[1324,91671,91672,76693,91674],{"id":76917},[15,91673,75533],{},[15,91675,2243],{},[20,91677,1671],{},[43,91679,91681],{"className":45,"code":91680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91682,91683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91684,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91686,60107],{"class":118},[52,91688,122],{"class":66},[52,91690,71],{"class":70},[52,91692,74],{"class":66},[52,91694,396],{"class":70},[52,91696,74],{"class":66},[52,91698,3952],{"class":70},[52,91700,127],{"class":66},[20,91702,76962,91703,91705],{},[15,91704,40811],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[38,91707,8538,91709,91711,91712,91714],{"id":91708},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91710,36306],{}," in a ",[15,91713,6077],{}," loop",[20,91716,91717,91719],{},[15,91718,36306],{}," is most useful when:",[154,91721,91722,91725,91728],{},[157,91723,91724],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[157,91726,91727],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[157,91729,91730,91731],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91732,91733],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91735,347],{},[43,91737,91739],{"className":45,"code":91738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91740,91741,91757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91742,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91744,6077],{"class":3996},[52,91746,69652],{"class":58},[52,91748,4003],{"class":3996},[52,91750,54179],{"class":118},[52,91752,122],{"class":66},[52,91754,488],{"class":70},[52,91756,8462],{"class":66},[52,91758,91759,91761,91763,91765,91768,91770,91772,91774],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91760,8188],{"class":118},[52,91762,122],{"class":66},[52,91764,189],{"class":188},[52,91766,91767],{"class":192},"Loop number:",[52,91769,189],{"class":188},[52,91771,74],{"class":66},[52,91773,36238],{"class":92},[52,91775,127],{"class":66},[20,91777,2193],{},[43,91779,91781],{"className":45,"code":91780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91782,91783,91792,91800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91784,91785,91788,91790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91786,91787],{"class":58},"Loop number",[52,91789,152],{"class":66},[52,91791,38619],{"class":70},[52,91793,91794,91796,91798],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91795,91787],{"class":58},[52,91797,152],{"class":66},[52,91799,29725],{"class":70},[52,91801,91802,91804,91806],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91803,91787],{"class":58},[52,91805,152],{"class":66},[52,91807,45698],{"class":70},[1324,91809,91811],{"id":91810},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[43,91813,91815],{"className":45,"code":91814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91816,91817,91833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91818,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91820,6077],{"class":3996},[52,91822,69652],{"class":58},[52,91824,4003],{"class":3996},[52,91826,54179],{"class":118},[52,91828,122],{"class":66},[52,91830,1705],{"class":70},[52,91832,8462],{"class":66},[52,91834,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91836,8188],{"class":118},[52,91838,122],{"class":66},[52,91840,189],{"class":188},[52,91842,34975],{"class":192},[52,91844,189],{"class":188},[52,91846,127],{"class":66},[20,91848,91849,91850,91852],{},"This prints ",[15,91851,90518],{}," five times.",[1324,91854,91856],{"id":91855},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[43,91858,91860],{"className":45,"code":91859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91861,91862,91882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91863,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91865,6077],{"class":3996},[52,91867,69652],{"class":58},[52,91869,4003],{"class":3996},[52,91871,54179],{"class":118},[52,91873,122],{"class":66},[52,91875,71],{"class":70},[52,91877,74],{"class":66},[52,91879,109],{"class":70},[52,91881,8462],{"class":66},[52,91883,91884,91886,91888,91890,91893,91895,91897,91899],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91885,8188],{"class":118},[52,91887,122],{"class":66},[52,91889,189],{"class":188},[52,91891,91892],{"class":192},"Current number is",[52,91894,189],{"class":188},[52,91896,74],{"class":66},[52,91898,36238],{"class":92},[52,91900,127],{"class":66},[20,91902,2193],{},[43,91904,91906],{"className":45,"code":91905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91907,91908,91917,91925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91909,91910,91913,91915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91911,91912],{"class":58},"Current number ",[52,91914,12310],{"class":62},[52,91916,29725],{"class":70},[52,91918,91919,91921,91923],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91920,91912],{"class":58},[52,91922,12310],{"class":62},[52,91924,45698],{"class":70},[52,91926,91927,91929,91931],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91928,91912],{"class":58},[52,91930,12310],{"class":62},[52,91932,2695],{"class":70},[1324,91934,91936,91938],{"id":91935},"range-and-indexing",[15,91937,36306],{}," and indexing",[20,91940,91941],{},"You may see code like this:",[43,91943,91945],{"className":45,"code":91944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91946,91947,91979,91983,92003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91948,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91950,7897],{"class":58},[52,91952,63],{"class":62},[52,91954,3743],{"class":66},[52,91956,189],{"class":188},[52,91958,30],{"class":192},[52,91960,189],{"class":188},[52,91962,74],{"class":66},[52,91964,200],{"class":188},[52,91966,1393],{"class":192},[52,91968,189],{"class":188},[52,91970,74],{"class":66},[52,91972,200],{"class":188},[52,91974,1491],{"class":192},[52,91976,189],{"class":188},[52,91978,3756],{"class":66},[52,91980,91981],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,91982,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,91984,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91986,6077],{"class":3996},[52,91988,69652],{"class":58},[52,91990,4003],{"class":3996},[52,91992,54179],{"class":118},[52,91994,122],{"class":66},[52,91996,11279],{"class":118},[52,91998,122],{"class":66},[52,92000,7928],{"class":92},[52,92002,69667],{"class":66},[52,92004,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,92006,8188],{"class":118},[52,92008,122],{"class":66},[52,92010,36262],{"class":92},[52,92012,74],{"class":66},[52,92014,6085],{"class":92},[52,92016,4020],{"class":66},[52,92018,36262],{"class":92},[52,92020,112],{"class":66},[20,92022,2193],{},[43,92024,92025],{"className":45,"code":36274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92026,92027,92033,92039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92028,92029,92031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92030,2243],{"class":70},[52,92032,36283],{"class":58},[52,92034,92035,92037],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92036,71],{"class":70},[52,92038,36290],{"class":58},[52,92040,92041,92043],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92042,99],{"class":70},[52,92044,36297],{"class":58},[20,92046,92047,92048,92052],{},"This works, and it uses ",[30,92049,92050],{"href":42466},[15,92051,42469],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92054,92055],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[43,92057,92059],{"className":45,"code":92058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92060,92061,92093,92097,92109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92062,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92064,7897],{"class":58},[52,92066,63],{"class":62},[52,92068,3743],{"class":66},[52,92070,189],{"class":188},[52,92072,30],{"class":192},[52,92074,189],{"class":188},[52,92076,74],{"class":66},[52,92078,200],{"class":188},[52,92080,1393],{"class":192},[52,92082,189],{"class":188},[52,92084,74],{"class":66},[52,92086,200],{"class":188},[52,92088,1491],{"class":192},[52,92090,189],{"class":188},[52,92092,3756],{"class":66},[52,92094,92095],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92096,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,92098,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92100,6077],{"class":3996},[52,92102,6080],{"class":58},[52,92104,4003],{"class":3996},[52,92106,6085],{"class":58},[52,92108,6514],{"class":66},[52,92110,92111,92113,92115,92117],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,92112,8188],{"class":118},[52,92114,122],{"class":66},[52,92116,23420],{"class":92},[52,92118,127],{"class":66},[20,92120,36699,92121,92126],{},[30,92122,92124],{"href":92123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92125,35858],{}," is usually a better choice:",[43,92128,92130],{"className":45,"code":92129,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92131,92132,92164,92168,92188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92133,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92135,7897],{"class":58},[52,92137,63],{"class":62},[52,92139,3743],{"class":66},[52,92141,189],{"class":188},[52,92143,30],{"class":192},[52,92145,189],{"class":188},[52,92147,74],{"class":66},[52,92149,200],{"class":188},[52,92151,1393],{"class":192},[52,92153,189],{"class":188},[52,92155,74],{"class":66},[52,92157,200],{"class":188},[52,92159,1491],{"class":192},[52,92161,189],{"class":188},[52,92163,3756],{"class":66},[52,92165,92166],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92167,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,92169,92170,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92171,6077],{"class":3996},[52,92173,35930],{"class":58},[52,92175,74],{"class":66},[52,92177,6080],{"class":58},[52,92179,4003],{"class":3996},[52,92181,35940],{"class":118},[52,92183,122],{"class":66},[52,92185,7928],{"class":92},[52,92187,8462],{"class":66},[52,92189,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,92191,8188],{"class":118},[52,92193,122],{"class":66},[52,92195,35955],{"class":92},[52,92197,74],{"class":66},[52,92199,29617],{"class":92},[52,92201,127],{"class":66},[20,92203,79222,92204,89],{},[30,92205,36712,92206,36715],{"href":36711},[15,92207,35858],{},[38,92209,92211,92212,92214],{"id":92210},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92213,36306],{}," to a list",[20,92216,92217,92219],{},[15,92218,36306],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92221,92222,92223,152],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92224,24891],{},[43,92226,92228],{"className":45,"code":92227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92229,92230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92231,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92233,119],{"class":118},[52,92235,122],{"class":66},[52,92237,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92239,122],{"class":66},[52,92241,60107],{"class":118},[52,92243,122],{"class":66},[52,92245,488],{"class":70},[52,92247,3031],{"class":66},[20,92249,2193],{},[43,92251,92253],{"className":45,"code":92252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92254,92255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92256,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92258,4020],{"class":66},[52,92260,2243],{"class":70},[52,92262,74],{"class":66},[52,92264,5616],{"class":70},[52,92266,74],{"class":66},[52,92268,77],{"class":70},[52,92270,3756],{"class":66},[20,92272,33418],{},[154,92274,92275,92280,92283],{},[157,92276,92277,92278,42193],{},"learning how ",[15,92279,36306],{},[157,92281,92282],{},"checking your values",[157,92284,92285],{},"debugging code",[20,92287,5590],{},[43,92289,92291],{"className":45,"code":92290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92292,92293,92307,92311,92321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92294,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92296,59],{"class":58},[52,92298,63],{"class":62},[52,92300,54179],{"class":118},[52,92302,122],{"class":66},[52,92304,391],{"class":70},[52,92306,127],{"class":66},[52,92308,92309],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92310,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,92312,92313,92315,92317,92319],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92314,119],{"class":118},[52,92316,122],{"class":66},[52,92318,86],{"class":92},[52,92320,127],{"class":66},[52,92322,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,92324,119],{"class":118},[52,92326,122],{"class":66},[52,92328,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92330,122],{"class":66},[52,92332,86],{"class":92},[52,92334,2150],{"class":66},[20,92336,2193],{},[43,92338,92340],{"className":45,"code":92339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92341,92342,92356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92343,92344,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92345,60107],{"class":118},[52,92347,122],{"class":66},[52,92349,2243],{"class":70},[52,92351,74],{"class":66},[52,92353,109],{"class":70},[52,92355,127],{"class":66},[52,92357,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92359,4020],{"class":66},[52,92361,2243],{"class":70},[52,92363,74],{"class":66},[52,92365,5616],{"class":70},[52,92367,74],{"class":66},[52,92369,77],{"class":70},[52,92371,74],{"class":66},[52,92373,104],{"class":70},[52,92375,3756],{"class":66},[20,92377,92378,92379,1083,92381,92384],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92380,60107],{},[15,92382,92383],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[38,92386,4636],{"id":4635},[20,92388,33647,92389,89],{},[15,92390,36306],{},[1324,92392,92394],{"id":92393},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92396,92397],{},"Many beginners think this:",[43,92399,92401],{"className":45,"code":92400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92402,92403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92404,92405,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92406,119],{"class":118},[52,92408,122],{"class":66},[52,92410,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92412,122],{"class":66},[52,92414,60107],{"class":118},[52,92416,122],{"class":66},[52,92418,71],{"class":70},[52,92420,74],{"class":66},[52,92422,396],{"class":70},[52,92424,3031],{"class":66},[20,92426,92427],{},"will produce:",[43,92429,92431],{"className":45,"code":92430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92432,92433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92434,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92436,4020],{"class":66},[52,92438,71],{"class":70},[52,92440,74],{"class":66},[52,92442,77],{"class":70},[52,92444,74],{"class":66},[52,92446,104],{"class":70},[52,92448,74],{"class":66},[52,92450,109],{"class":70},[52,92452,74],{"class":66},[52,92454,396],{"class":70},[52,92456,3756],{"class":66},[20,92458,92459],{},"But the real output is:",[43,92461,92462],{"className":45,"code":53614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92463,92464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92465,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92467,4020],{"class":66},[52,92469,71],{"class":70},[52,92471,74],{"class":66},[52,92473,77],{"class":70},[52,92475,74],{"class":66},[52,92477,104],{"class":70},[52,92479,74],{"class":66},[52,92481,109],{"class":70},[52,92483,3756],{"class":66},[20,92485,92486],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1324,92488,4697,92490,92492,92493],{"id":92489},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92491,90954],{}," starts at ",[15,92494,71],{},[20,92496,37574,92497,19075,92499,89],{},[15,92498,2243],{},[15,92500,71],{},[43,92502,92503],{"className":45,"code":91147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92504,92505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92506,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92508,119],{"class":118},[52,92510,122],{"class":66},[52,92512,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92514,122],{"class":66},[52,92516,60107],{"class":118},[52,92518,122],{"class":66},[52,92520,1705],{"class":70},[52,92522,3031],{"class":66},[20,92524,2193],{},[43,92526,92527],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92528,92529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92530,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92532,4020],{"class":66},[52,92534,2243],{"class":70},[52,92536,74],{"class":66},[52,92538,5616],{"class":70},[52,92540,74],{"class":66},[52,92542,77],{"class":70},[52,92544,74],{"class":66},[52,92546,104],{"class":70},[52,92548,74],{"class":66},[52,92550,109],{"class":70},[52,92552,3756],{"class":66},[1324,92554,92556],{"id":92555},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92558,92559,92560,152],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92561,3077],{},[43,92563,92565],{"className":45,"code":92564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92566,92567,92586,92590,92607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92568,92569,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92570,92571],{"class":58},"user_number ",[52,92573,63],{"class":62},[52,92575,8362],{"class":118},[52,92577,122],{"class":66},[52,92579,189],{"class":188},[52,92581,41979],{"class":192},[52,92583,189],{"class":188},[52,92585,127],{"class":66},[52,92587,92588],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92589,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,92591,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92605],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92593,6077],{"class":3996},[52,92595,69652],{"class":58},[52,92597,4003],{"class":3996},[52,92599,54179],{"class":118},[52,92601,122],{"class":66},[52,92603,92604],{"class":92},"user_number",[52,92606,8462],{"class":66},[52,92608,92609,92611,92613,92615],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,92610,8188],{"class":118},[52,92612,122],{"class":66},[52,92614,36262],{"class":92},[52,92616,127],{"class":66},[20,92618,48618,92619,92621],{},[15,92620,3077],{}," returns a string.",[20,92623,10925],{},[43,92625,92627],{"className":45,"code":92626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92628,92629,92651,92655,92671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92630,92631,92633,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92632,92571],{"class":58},[52,92634,63],{"class":62},[52,92636,45385],{"class":3020},[52,92638,122],{"class":66},[52,92640,42571],{"class":118},[52,92642,122],{"class":66},[52,92644,189],{"class":188},[52,92646,41979],{"class":192},[52,92648,189],{"class":188},[52,92650,2150],{"class":66},[52,92652,92653],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92654,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,92656,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92658,6077],{"class":3996},[52,92660,69652],{"class":58},[52,92662,4003],{"class":3996},[52,92664,54179],{"class":118},[52,92666,122],{"class":66},[52,92668,92604],{"class":92},[52,92670,8462],{"class":66},[52,92672,92673,92675,92677,92679],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,92674,8188],{"class":118},[52,92676,122],{"class":66},[52,92678,36262],{"class":92},[52,92680,127],{"class":66},[20,92682,92683,92684,89],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[30,92685,50632,92686],{"href":50631},[15,92687,50635],{},[1324,92689,92691,92692,92694,92695],{"id":92690},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92693,36182],{}," smaller than ",[15,92696,75530],{},[20,92698,92699],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[43,92701,92702],{"className":45,"code":91629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92703,92704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92705,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92707,119],{"class":118},[52,92709,122],{"class":66},[52,92711,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92713,122],{"class":66},[52,92715,60107],{"class":118},[52,92717,122],{"class":66},[52,92719,71],{"class":70},[52,92721,74],{"class":66},[52,92723,396],{"class":70},[52,92725,74],{"class":66},[52,92727,2344],{"class":62},[52,92729,71],{"class":70},[52,92731,3031],{"class":66},[20,92733,2193],{},[43,92735,92736],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92737,92738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92739,92740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92741,38404],{"class":66},[20,92743,92744],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1324,92746,25727,92748],{"id":92747},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92749,92750],{},"step = 0",[20,92752,77673],{},[43,92754,92756],{"className":45,"code":92755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92757,92758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92759,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768,92770,92772,92774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92761,60107],{"class":118},[52,92763,122],{"class":66},[52,92765,71],{"class":70},[52,92767,74],{"class":66},[52,92769,6124],{"class":70},[52,92771,74],{"class":66},[52,92773,3952],{"class":70},[52,92775,127],{"class":66},[20,92777,92778],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1324,92780,4821,92782,92784],{"id":92781},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92783,36306],{}," is not a list",[20,92786,92787],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[43,92789,92791],{"className":45,"code":92790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92792,92793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92794,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803,92805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92796,119],{"class":118},[52,92798,122],{"class":66},[52,92800,60107],{"class":118},[52,92802,122],{"class":66},[52,92804,1705],{"class":70},[52,92806,2150],{"class":66},[20,92808,2193],{},[43,92810,92812],{"className":45,"code":92811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92813,92814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92815,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824,92826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92817,60107],{"class":118},[52,92819,122],{"class":66},[52,92821,2243],{"class":70},[52,92823,74],{"class":66},[52,92825,396],{"class":70},[52,92827,127],{"class":66},[20,92829,92830],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[43,92832,92833],{"className":45,"code":91147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92834,92835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92836,92837,92839,92841,92843,92845,92847,92849,92851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92838,119],{"class":118},[52,92840,122],{"class":66},[52,92842,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92844,122],{"class":66},[52,92846,60107],{"class":118},[52,92848,122],{"class":66},[52,92850,1705],{"class":70},[52,92852,3031],{"class":66},[20,92854,2193],{},[43,92856,92857],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92858,92859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92860,92861,92863,92865,92867,92869,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92862,4020],{"class":66},[52,92864,2243],{"class":70},[52,92866,74],{"class":66},[52,92868,5616],{"class":70},[52,92870,74],{"class":66},[52,92872,77],{"class":70},[52,92874,74],{"class":66},[52,92876,104],{"class":70},[52,92878,74],{"class":66},[52,92880,109],{"class":70},[52,92882,3756],{"class":66},[38,92884,92886],{"id":92885},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92888,8997,92889,82441],{},[15,92890,36306],{},[43,92892,92894],{"className":45,"code":92893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92895,92896,92910,92928,92950,92978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92897,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906,92908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92899,119],{"class":118},[52,92901,122],{"class":66},[52,92903,60107],{"class":118},[52,92905,122],{"class":66},[52,92907,1705],{"class":70},[52,92909,2150],{"class":66},[52,92911,92912,92914,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,92913,119],{"class":118},[52,92915,122],{"class":66},[52,92917,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92919,122],{"class":66},[52,92921,60107],{"class":118},[52,92923,122],{"class":66},[52,92925,1705],{"class":70},[52,92927,3031],{"class":66},[52,92929,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944,92946,92948],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92931,119],{"class":118},[52,92933,122],{"class":66},[52,92935,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92937,122],{"class":66},[52,92939,60107],{"class":118},[52,92941,122],{"class":66},[52,92943,99],{"class":70},[52,92945,74],{"class":66},[52,92947,6480],{"class":70},[52,92949,3031],{"class":66},[52,92951,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,92953,119],{"class":118},[52,92955,122],{"class":66},[52,92957,8213],{"class":3020},[52,92959,122],{"class":66},[52,92961,60107],{"class":118},[52,92963,122],{"class":66},[52,92965,2452],{"class":70},[52,92967,74],{"class":66},[52,92969,3952],{"class":70},[52,92971,74],{"class":66},[52,92973,2344],{"class":62},[52,92975,99],{"class":70},[52,92977,3031],{"class":66},[52,92979,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,92981,119],{"class":118},[52,92983,122],{"class":66},[52,92985,3340],{"class":3020},[52,92987,122],{"class":66},[52,92989,60107],{"class":118},[52,92991,122],{"class":66},[52,92993,1705],{"class":70},[52,92995,3031],{"class":66},[20,92997,26118],{},[154,92999,93000,93003,93006],{},[157,93001,93002],{},"what values are being created",[157,93004,93005],{},"whether the direction is correct",[157,93007,93008,93009,24727],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93010,60107],{},[38,93012,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,93014,1937,93016,93018],{"id":93015},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93017,36306],{}," include the last number?",[20,93020,93021],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1324,93023,5276,93025,93027,93028,1964],{"id":93024},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93026,90954],{}," start at ",[15,93029,2243],{},[20,93031,93032,93033,89],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93034,2243],{},[1324,93036,5288,93038,93040],{"id":93037},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93039,36306],{}," count backward?",[20,93042,93043,93044,89],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93045,93046],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1324,93048,15018,93050,26153],{"id":93049},"is-range-a-list",[15,93051,36306],{},[20,93053,26156,93054,93056,93057,24048],{},[15,93055,60107],{}," object. Use ",[15,93058,93059],{},"list(range(...))",[1324,93061,5276,93063,48792],{"id":93062},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93064,93065],{},"range(input())",[20,93067,93068,3605,93070,89],{},[15,93069,3077],{},[15,93071,93072],{},"int(input())",[38,93074,1996],{"id":1995},[154,93076,93077,93081,93087,93093,93099],{},[157,93078,93079],{},[30,93080,36138],{"href":36137},[157,93082,93083],{},[30,93084,3697,93085,3630],{"href":42466},[15,93086,42469],{},[157,93088,93089],{},[30,93090,3697,93091,3630],{"href":92123},[15,93092,35858],{},[157,93094,93095],{},[30,93096,37625,93097,36715],{"href":36711},[15,93098,35858],{},[157,93100,93101],{},[30,93102,50632,93103],{"href":50631},[15,93104,50635],{},[2044,93106,93107],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":93109},[93110,93111,93113,93119,93127,93134,93136,93148,93149,93161],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":90963,"depth":83,"text":93112},"What range() does",{"id":91056,"depth":83,"text":93114,"children":93115},"range() syntax",[93116,93117,93118],{"id":91136,"depth":115,"text":91139},{"id":91200,"depth":115,"text":91203},{"id":91268,"depth":115,"text":91271},{"id":91339,"depth":83,"text":91340,"children":93120},[93121,93122,93123,93124,93125],{"id":91346,"depth":115,"text":90954},{"id":91409,"depth":115,"text":91412},{"id":91473,"depth":115,"text":91476},{"id":91549,"depth":115,"text":91550},{"id":76917,"depth":115,"text":93126},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91708,"depth":83,"text":93128,"children":93129},"Using range() in a for loop",[93130,93131,93132],{"id":91810,"depth":115,"text":91811},{"id":91855,"depth":115,"text":91856},{"id":91935,"depth":115,"text":93133},"range() and indexing",{"id":92210,"depth":83,"text":93135},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":93137},[93138,93139,93141,93142,93144,93146],{"id":92393,"depth":115,"text":92394},{"id":92489,"depth":115,"text":93140},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92555,"depth":115,"text":92556},{"id":92690,"depth":115,"text":93143},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92747,"depth":115,"text":93145},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92781,"depth":115,"text":93147},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92885,"depth":83,"text":92886},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":93150},[93151,93153,93155,93157,93159],{"id":93015,"depth":115,"text":93152},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93024,"depth":115,"text":93154},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93037,"depth":115,"text":93156},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93049,"depth":115,"text":93158},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93062,"depth":115,"text":93160},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90857,"description":93162},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93169,"title":93170,"body":93171,"description":94844,"extension":2083,"meta":94845,"navigation":240,"path":94846,"seo":94847,"stem":94848,"__hash__":94849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93172,"toc":94817},[93173,93182,93189,93206,93222,93224,93273,93281,93285,93288,93308,93310,93374,93376,93419,93422,93468,93470,93503,93513,93519,93527,93544,93546,93577,93579,93604,93609,93620,93623,93693,93695,93726,93731,93736,93753,93755,93806,93808,93841,93844,93851,93856,93860,93876,93878,93922,93924,93970,93973,93986,93991,93995,94009,94011,94062,94064,94097,94102,94104,94111,94113,94136,94138,94203,94205,94222,94225,94258,94260,94288,94298,94305,94309,94312,94330,94333,94361,94364,94382,94387,94393,94396,94418,94420,94448,94450,94453,94478,94481,94594,94596,94675,94677,94683,94688,94696,94704,94708,94711,94713,94746,94748,94756,94762,94769,94776,94779,94781,94814],[10,93174,3697,93176,1083,93178,93181],{"id":93175},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93177,36306],{},[15,93179,93180],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93183,93184,668,93186,93188],{},[15,93185,36306],{},[15,93187,93180],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[154,93190,93191,93199],{},[157,93192,93193,93195,93196],{},[15,93194,36306],{}," creates a ",[984,93197,93198],{},"range object",[157,93200,93201,93195,93203],{},[15,93202,93180],{},[984,93204,93205],{},"real list",[20,93207,93208,93209,93211,93212,93215,93216,93218,93219,93221],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93210,90954],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93213,93214],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93217,36306],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93220,93180],{}," when you actually need a list.",[38,93223,41],{"id":40},[43,93225,93227],{"className":45,"code":93226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93228,93229,93243,93256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93230,93231,93233,93235,93237,93239,93241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93232,59],{"class":58},[52,93234,63],{"class":62},[52,93236,54179],{"class":118},[52,93238,122],{"class":66},[52,93240,1705],{"class":70},[52,93242,127],{"class":66},[52,93244,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93246,119],{"class":118},[52,93248,122],{"class":66},[52,93250,86],{"class":92},[52,93252,3782],{"class":66},[52,93254,93255],{"class":133},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[52,93257,93258,93260,93262,93264,93266,93268,93270],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93259,119],{"class":118},[52,93261,122],{"class":66},[52,93263,8213],{"class":3020},[52,93265,122],{"class":66},[52,93267,86],{"class":92},[52,93269,5479],{"class":66},[52,93271,93272],{"class":133},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93274,137,93275,93277,93278,93280],{},[15,93276,36306],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93279,93180],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[38,93282,93284],{"id":93283},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93286,93287],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[154,93289,93290,93297,93302,93305],{},[157,93291,93292,22084,93294,93296],{},[15,93293,36306],{},[984,93295,93198],{},", not a list",[157,93298,93299,93301],{},[15,93300,93180],{}," converts that range object into a list",[157,93303,93304],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[157,93306,93307],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93309,347],{},[43,93311,93313],{"className":45,"code":93312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93314,93315,93330,93349,93353,93363],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93316,93317,93320,93322,93324,93326,93328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93318,93319],{"class":58},"r ",[52,93321,63],{"class":62},[52,93323,54179],{"class":118},[52,93325,122],{"class":66},[52,93327,1705],{"class":70},[52,93329,127],{"class":66},[52,93331,93332,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345,93347],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93333,93334],{"class":58},"lst ",[52,93336,63],{"class":62},[52,93338,22669],{"class":3020},[52,93340,122],{"class":66},[52,93342,60107],{"class":118},[52,93344,122],{"class":66},[52,93346,1705],{"class":70},[52,93348,2150],{"class":66},[52,93350,93351],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93352,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,93354,93355,93357,93359,93361],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,93356,119],{"class":118},[52,93358,122],{"class":66},[52,93360,60614],{"class":92},[52,93362,127],{"class":66},[52,93364,93365,93367,93369,93372],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,93366,119],{"class":118},[52,93368,122],{"class":66},[52,93370,93371],{"class":92},"lst",[52,93373,127],{"class":66},[20,93375,2193],{},[43,93377,93379],{"className":45,"code":93378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93380,93381,93395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93382,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391,93393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93384,60107],{"class":118},[52,93386,122],{"class":66},[52,93388,2243],{"class":70},[52,93390,74],{"class":66},[52,93392,396],{"class":70},[52,93394,127],{"class":66},[52,93396,93397,93399,93401,93403,93405,93407,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93398,4020],{"class":66},[52,93400,2243],{"class":70},[52,93402,74],{"class":66},[52,93404,5616],{"class":70},[52,93406,74],{"class":66},[52,93408,77],{"class":70},[52,93410,74],{"class":66},[52,93412,104],{"class":70},[52,93414,74],{"class":66},[52,93416,109],{"class":70},[52,93418,3756],{"class":66},[20,93420,93421],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[43,93423,93425],{"className":45,"code":93424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93426,93427,93445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93428,93429,93431,93433,93435,93437,93439,93441,93443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93430,119],{"class":118},[52,93432,122],{"class":66},[52,93434,3340],{"class":3020},[52,93436,122],{"class":66},[52,93438,60107],{"class":118},[52,93440,122],{"class":66},[52,93442,1705],{"class":70},[52,93444,3031],{"class":66},[52,93446,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455,93457,93459,93461,93463,93465],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93448,119],{"class":118},[52,93450,122],{"class":66},[52,93452,3340],{"class":3020},[52,93454,122],{"class":66},[52,93456,8213],{"class":3020},[52,93458,122],{"class":66},[52,93460,60107],{"class":118},[52,93462,122],{"class":66},[52,93464,1705],{"class":70},[52,93466,93467],{"class":66},"))))\n",[20,93469,2193],{},[43,93471,93473],{"className":45,"code":93472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93474,93475,93489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93476,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485,93487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93478,3409],{"class":62},[52,93480,3412],{"class":2187},[52,93482,3415],{"class":188},[52,93484,60107],{"class":192},[52,93486,3420],{"class":188},[52,93488,3423],{"class":62},[52,93490,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93492,3409],{"class":62},[52,93494,3412],{"class":2187},[52,93496,3415],{"class":188},[52,93498,8213],{"class":192},[52,93500,3420],{"class":188},[52,93502,3423],{"class":62},[20,93504,93505,93506,93508,93509,89],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93507,36306],{}," works, see ",[30,93510,3697,93511,3630],{"href":93164},[15,93512,36306],{},[38,93514,144,93516,93518],{"id":93515},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93517,36306],{}," gives you",[20,93520,93521,93523,93524,93526],{},[15,93522,36306],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93525,6077],{}," loops.",[154,93528,93529,93532,93535,93538],{},[157,93530,93531],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[157,93533,93534],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[157,93536,93537],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[157,93539,93540,93541],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93542,93543],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93545,347],{},[43,93547,93549],{"className":45,"code":93548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93550,93551,93567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93552,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561,93563,93565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93554,6077],{"class":3996},[52,93556,69652],{"class":58},[52,93558,4003],{"class":3996},[52,93560,54179],{"class":118},[52,93562,122],{"class":66},[52,93564,1705],{"class":70},[52,93566,8462],{"class":66},[52,93568,93569,93571,93573,93575],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93570,8188],{"class":118},[52,93572,122],{"class":66},[52,93574,36262],{"class":92},[52,93576,127],{"class":66},[20,93578,2193],{},[43,93580,93582],{"className":45,"code":93581,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93583,93584,93588,93592,93596,93600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93585,93586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93587,47359],{"class":70},[52,93589,93590],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93591,47024],{"class":70},[52,93593,93594],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93595,17170],{"class":70},[52,93597,93598],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,93599,46724],{"class":70},[52,93601,93602],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,93603,48758],{"class":70},[20,93605,20882,93606,93608],{},[15,93607,90954],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93610,93611,93612,93614,93615,89],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93613,36306],{}," is so common with ",[30,93616,3697,93618,90985],{"href":93617},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93619,6077],{},[20,93621,93622],{},"You can also inspect it:",[43,93624,93626],{"className":45,"code":93625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93627,93628,93650,93654,93664,93678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93629,93630,93632,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642,93644,93646,93648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93631,93319],{"class":58},[52,93633,63],{"class":62},[52,93635,54179],{"class":118},[52,93637,122],{"class":66},[52,93639,99],{"class":70},[52,93641,74],{"class":66},[52,93643,6124],{"class":70},[52,93645,74],{"class":66},[52,93647,77],{"class":70},[52,93649,127],{"class":66},[52,93651,93652],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93653,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,93655,93656,93658,93660,93662],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93657,119],{"class":118},[52,93659,122],{"class":66},[52,93661,60614],{"class":92},[52,93663,127],{"class":66},[52,93665,93666,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,93667,119],{"class":118},[52,93669,122],{"class":66},[52,93671,11279],{"class":118},[52,93673,122],{"class":66},[52,93675,60614],{"class":92},[52,93677,2150],{"class":66},[52,93679,93680,93682,93684,93686,93688,93691],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,93681,119],{"class":118},[52,93683,122],{"class":66},[52,93685,404],{"class":70},[52,93687,21284],{"class":3996},[52,93689,93690],{"class":92}," r",[52,93692,127],{"class":66},[20,93694,2193],{},[43,93696,93698],{"className":45,"code":93697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93699,93700,93718,93722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93701,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93703,60107],{"class":118},[52,93705,122],{"class":66},[52,93707,99],{"class":70},[52,93709,74],{"class":66},[52,93711,6124],{"class":70},[52,93713,74],{"class":66},[52,93715,77],{"class":70},[52,93717,127],{"class":66},[52,93719,93720],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93721,48758],{"class":70},[52,93723,93724],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93725,4100],{"class":3971},[38,93727,144,93729,93518],{"id":93728},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93730,93180],{},[20,93732,93733,93735],{},[15,93734,93180],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[154,93737,93738,93741,93744,93747],{},[157,93739,93740],{},"It creates all values at once",[157,93742,93743],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[157,93745,93746],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[157,93748,93749,93750,93752],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93751,36306],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93754,347],{},[43,93756,93758],{"className":45,"code":93757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93759,93760,93778,93782,93792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93761,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774,93776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93763,59],{"class":58},[52,93765,63],{"class":62},[52,93767,22669],{"class":3020},[52,93769,122],{"class":66},[52,93771,60107],{"class":118},[52,93773,122],{"class":66},[52,93775,1705],{"class":70},[52,93777,2150],{"class":66},[52,93779,93780],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93781,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,93783,93784,93786,93788,93790],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93785,119],{"class":118},[52,93787,122],{"class":66},[52,93789,86],{"class":92},[52,93791,127],{"class":66},[52,93793,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,93795,119],{"class":118},[52,93797,122],{"class":66},[52,93799,86],{"class":92},[52,93801,4020],{"class":66},[52,93803,99],{"class":70},[52,93805,112],{"class":66},[20,93807,2193],{},[43,93809,93811],{"className":45,"code":93810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93812,93813,93837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93814,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93816,4020],{"class":66},[52,93818,2243],{"class":70},[52,93820,74],{"class":66},[52,93822,5616],{"class":70},[52,93824,74],{"class":66},[52,93826,77],{"class":70},[52,93828,74],{"class":66},[52,93830,104],{"class":70},[52,93832,74],{"class":66},[52,93834,109],{"class":70},[52,93836,3756],{"class":66},[52,93838,93839],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93840,17170],{"class":70},[20,93842,93843],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93845,93846,93847,89],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[30,93848,3697,93849,3630],{"href":64952},[15,93850,24891],{},[38,93852,5078,93854],{"id":93853},"when-to-use-range",[15,93855,36306],{},[20,93857,137,93858,10719],{},[15,93859,36306],{},[154,93861,93862,93867,93870,93873],{},[157,93863,93864,93865,91714],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93866,6077],{},[157,93868,93869],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[157,93871,93872],{},"You are working with large sequences",[157,93874,93875],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93877,347],{},[43,93879,93881],{"className":45,"code":93880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93882,93883,93903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93884,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93886,6077],{"class":3996},[52,93888,69652],{"class":58},[52,93890,4003],{"class":3996},[52,93892,54179],{"class":118},[52,93894,122],{"class":66},[52,93896,71],{"class":70},[52,93898,74],{"class":66},[52,93900,37750],{"class":70},[52,93902,8462],{"class":66},[52,93904,93905,93907,93909,93911,93914,93916,93918,93920],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93906,8188],{"class":118},[52,93908,122],{"class":66},[52,93910,189],{"class":188},[52,93912,93913],{"class":192},"Count:",[52,93915,189],{"class":188},[52,93917,74],{"class":66},[52,93919,36238],{"class":92},[52,93921,127],{"class":66},[20,93923,2193],{},[43,93925,93927],{"className":45,"code":93926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93928,93929,93938,93946,93954,93962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93930,93931,93934,93936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93932,93933],{"class":58},"Count",[52,93935,152],{"class":66},[52,93937,29725],{"class":70},[52,93939,93940,93942,93944],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,93941,93933],{"class":58},[52,93943,152],{"class":66},[52,93945,45698],{"class":70},[52,93947,93948,93950,93952],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93949,93933],{"class":58},[52,93951,152],{"class":66},[52,93953,2695],{"class":70},[52,93955,93956,93958,93960],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,93957,93933],{"class":58},[52,93959,152],{"class":66},[52,93961,23773],{"class":70},[52,93963,93964,93966,93968],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,93965,93933],{"class":58},[52,93967,152],{"class":66},[52,93969,34950],{"class":70},[20,93971,93972],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93974,93975,93976,93978,93979,62393,93981,89],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93977,35858],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93980,36705],{},[30,93982,36712,93984,36715],{"href":93983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93985,35858],{},[38,93987,5078,93989],{"id":93988},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93990,93180],{},[20,93992,137,93993,10719],{},[15,93994,93180],{},[154,93996,93997,94000,94003,94006],{},[157,93998,93999],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[157,94001,94002],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[157,94004,94005],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[157,94007,94008],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94010,347],{},[43,94012,94014],{"className":45,"code":94013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94015,94016,94034,94048,94052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94017,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030,94032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94019,59],{"class":58},[52,94021,63],{"class":62},[52,94023,22669],{"class":3020},[52,94025,122],{"class":66},[52,94027,60107],{"class":118},[52,94029,122],{"class":66},[52,94031,1705],{"class":70},[52,94033,2150],{"class":66},[52,94035,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94037,86],{"class":58},[52,94039,89],{"class":66},[52,94041,13668],{"class":92},[52,94043,122],{"class":66},[52,94045,1705],{"class":70},[52,94047,127],{"class":66},[52,94049,94050],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94051,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,94053,94054,94056,94058,94060],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,94055,119],{"class":118},[52,94057,122],{"class":66},[52,94059,86],{"class":92},[52,94061,127],{"class":66},[20,94063,2193],{},[43,94065,94067],{"className":45,"code":94066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94068,94069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94070,94071,94073,94075,94077,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94072,4020],{"class":66},[52,94074,2243],{"class":70},[52,94076,74],{"class":66},[52,94078,5616],{"class":70},[52,94080,74],{"class":66},[52,94082,77],{"class":70},[52,94084,74],{"class":66},[52,94086,104],{"class":70},[52,94088,74],{"class":66},[52,94090,109],{"class":70},[52,94092,74],{"class":66},[52,94094,396],{"class":70},[52,94096,3756],{"class":66},[20,94098,6180,94099,94101],{},[15,94100,86],{}," is a list.",[38,94103,15711],{"id":15710},[20,94105,94106,94108,94109,89],{},[15,94107,36306],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[984,94110,37704],{},[20,94112,2230],{},[154,94114,94115,94117,94122,94127,94130],{},[157,94116,22094],{},[157,94118,94119,94120],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94121,42469],{},[157,94123,94124,94125],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94126,4003],{},[157,94128,94129],{},"You can index it",[157,94131,94132,94133,94135],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94134,52761],{}," do not work on it",[20,94137,347],{},[43,94139,94141],{"className":45,"code":94140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94142,94143,94157,94161,94175,94189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94146,93319],{"class":58},[52,94148,63],{"class":62},[52,94150,54179],{"class":118},[52,94152,122],{"class":66},[52,94154,1705],{"class":70},[52,94156,127],{"class":66},[52,94158,94159],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94160,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,94162,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94164,119],{"class":118},[52,94166,122],{"class":66},[52,94168,60614],{"class":92},[52,94170,4020],{"class":66},[52,94172,99],{"class":70},[52,94174,112],{"class":66},[52,94176,94177,94179,94181,94183,94185,94187],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,94178,119],{"class":118},[52,94180,122],{"class":66},[52,94182,11279],{"class":118},[52,94184,122],{"class":66},[52,94186,60614],{"class":92},[52,94188,2150],{"class":66},[52,94190,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,94192,119],{"class":118},[52,94194,122],{"class":66},[52,94196,488],{"class":70},[52,94198,21284],{"class":3996},[52,94200,93690],{"class":92},[52,94202,127],{"class":66},[20,94204,2193],{},[43,94206,94208],{"className":45,"code":94207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94209,94210,94214,94218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94211,94212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94213,17170],{"class":70},[52,94215,94216],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94217,3066],{"class":70},[52,94219,94220],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94221,4100],{"class":3971},[20,94223,94224],{},"Now compare that with this:",[43,94226,94228],{"className":45,"code":94227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94229,94230,94244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94231,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94233,93319],{"class":58},[52,94235,63],{"class":62},[52,94237,54179],{"class":118},[52,94239,122],{"class":66},[52,94241,1705],{"class":70},[52,94243,127],{"class":66},[52,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94247,60614],{"class":58},[52,94249,89],{"class":66},[52,94251,13668],{"class":92},[52,94253,122],{"class":66},[52,94255,1705],{"class":70},[52,94257,127],{"class":66},[20,94259,2193],{},[43,94261,94263],{"className":45,"code":94262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94264,94265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94266,94267,94269,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279,94282,94284,94286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94268,25782],{"class":3020},[52,94270,152],{"class":66},[52,94272,3415],{"class":188},[52,94274,60107],{"class":192},[52,94276,3420],{"class":188},[52,94278,24727],{"class":3020},[52,94280,94281],{"class":58}," has no attribute ",[52,94283,3420],{"class":188},[52,94285,13668],{"class":192},[52,94287,29810],{"class":188},[20,94289,94290,94291,2311,94293,2315,94295,94297],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94292,52761],{},[15,94294,55638],{},[15,94296,64417],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94299,94300,94301,89],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[30,94302,1781,94303],{"href":35528},[15,94304,34362],{},[38,94306,94308],{"id":94307},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94310,94311],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[43,94313,94314],{"className":45,"code":92790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94315,94316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94317,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94319,119],{"class":118},[52,94321,122],{"class":66},[52,94323,60107],{"class":118},[52,94325,122],{"class":66},[52,94327,1705],{"class":70},[52,94329,2150],{"class":66},[20,94331,94332],{},"to show:",[43,94334,94335],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94336,94337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94338,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353,94355,94357,94359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94340,4020],{"class":66},[52,94342,2243],{"class":70},[52,94344,74],{"class":66},[52,94346,5616],{"class":70},[52,94348,74],{"class":66},[52,94350,77],{"class":70},[52,94352,74],{"class":66},[52,94354,104],{"class":70},[52,94356,74],{"class":66},[52,94358,109],{"class":70},[52,94360,3756],{"class":66},[20,94362,94363],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[43,94365,94366],{"className":45,"code":92811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94367,94368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94369,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94371,60107],{"class":118},[52,94373,122],{"class":66},[52,94375,2243],{"class":70},[52,94377,74],{"class":66},[52,94379,396],{"class":70},[52,94381,127],{"class":66},[20,94383,4745,94384,94386],{},[984,94385,986],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94388,94389,94390,94392],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[984,94391,93198],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94394,94395],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[43,94397,94398],{"className":45,"code":91147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94399,94400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94401,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94403,119],{"class":118},[52,94405,122],{"class":66},[52,94407,8213],{"class":3020},[52,94409,122],{"class":66},[52,94411,60107],{"class":118},[52,94413,122],{"class":66},[52,94415,1705],{"class":70},[52,94417,3031],{"class":66},[20,94419,2193],{},[43,94421,94422],{"className":45,"code":60130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94423,94424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94425,94426,94428,94430,94432,94434,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444,94446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94427,4020],{"class":66},[52,94429,2243],{"class":70},[52,94431,74],{"class":66},[52,94433,5616],{"class":70},[52,94435,74],{"class":66},[52,94437,77],{"class":70},[52,94439,74],{"class":66},[52,94441,104],{"class":70},[52,94443,74],{"class":66},[52,94445,109],{"class":70},[52,94447,3756],{"class":66},[38,94449,2948],{"id":2947},[20,94451,94452],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[154,94454,94455,94461,94464,94470],{},[157,94456,8538,94457,94460],{},[15,94458,94459],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[157,94462,94463],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[157,94465,94466,94467,94469],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94468,36306],{}," is iterable but not a list",[157,94471,8538,94472,94474,94475,94477],{},[15,94473,93180],{}," when plain ",[15,94476,36306],{}," would be simpler",[20,94479,94480],{},"These quick checks can help:",[43,94482,94484],{"className":45,"code":94483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94485,94486,94500,94518,94536,94558,94576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94487,94488,94490,94492,94494,94496,94498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94489,119],{"class":118},[52,94491,122],{"class":66},[52,94493,60107],{"class":118},[52,94495,122],{"class":66},[52,94497,1705],{"class":70},[52,94499,2150],{"class":66},[52,94501,94502,94504,94506,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94503,119],{"class":118},[52,94505,122],{"class":66},[52,94507,8213],{"class":3020},[52,94509,122],{"class":66},[52,94511,60107],{"class":118},[52,94513,122],{"class":66},[52,94515,1705],{"class":70},[52,94517,3031],{"class":66},[52,94519,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94521,119],{"class":118},[52,94523,122],{"class":66},[52,94525,3340],{"class":3020},[52,94527,122],{"class":66},[52,94529,60107],{"class":118},[52,94531,122],{"class":66},[52,94533,1705],{"class":70},[52,94535,3031],{"class":66},[52,94537,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554,94556],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,94539,119],{"class":118},[52,94541,122],{"class":66},[52,94543,3340],{"class":3020},[52,94545,122],{"class":66},[52,94547,8213],{"class":3020},[52,94549,122],{"class":66},[52,94551,60107],{"class":118},[52,94553,122],{"class":66},[52,94555,1705],{"class":70},[52,94557,93467],{"class":66},[52,94559,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94572,94574],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,94561,119],{"class":118},[52,94563,122],{"class":66},[52,94565,488],{"class":70},[52,94567,21284],{"class":3996},[52,94569,54179],{"class":118},[52,94571,122],{"class":66},[52,94573,1705],{"class":70},[52,94575,2150],{"class":66},[52,94577,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588,94590,94592],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,94579,119],{"class":118},[52,94581,122],{"class":66},[52,94583,11279],{"class":118},[52,94585,122],{"class":66},[52,94587,60107],{"class":118},[52,94589,122],{"class":66},[52,94591,1705],{"class":70},[52,94593,3031],{"class":66},[20,94595,2193],{},[43,94597,94599],{"className":45,"code":94598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94600,94601,94615,94639,94653,94667,94671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94602,94603,94605,94607,94609,94611,94613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94604,60107],{"class":118},[52,94606,122],{"class":66},[52,94608,2243],{"class":70},[52,94610,74],{"class":66},[52,94612,396],{"class":70},[52,94614,127],{"class":66},[52,94616,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631,94633,94635,94637],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94618,4020],{"class":66},[52,94620,2243],{"class":70},[52,94622,74],{"class":66},[52,94624,5616],{"class":70},[52,94626,74],{"class":66},[52,94628,77],{"class":70},[52,94630,74],{"class":66},[52,94632,104],{"class":70},[52,94634,74],{"class":66},[52,94636,109],{"class":70},[52,94638,3756],{"class":66},[52,94640,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94642,3409],{"class":62},[52,94644,3412],{"class":2187},[52,94646,3415],{"class":188},[52,94648,60107],{"class":192},[52,94650,3420],{"class":188},[52,94652,3423],{"class":62},[52,94654,94655,94657,94659,94661,94663,94665],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,94656,3409],{"class":62},[52,94658,3412],{"class":2187},[52,94660,3415],{"class":188},[52,94662,8213],{"class":192},[52,94664,3420],{"class":188},[52,94666,3423],{"class":62},[52,94668,94669],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,94670,4100],{"class":3971},[52,94672,94673],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,94674,3066],{"class":70},[38,94676,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,94678,15018,94680,94682],{"id":94679},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94681,36306],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94684,46472,94685,94687],{},[15,94686,36306],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1324,94689,94691,94692,1990,94694,1964],{"id":94690},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94693,36306],{},[15,94695,93180],{},[20,94697,94698,94700,94701,94703],{},[15,94699,36306],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94702,93180],{}," creates a full list.",[1324,94705,94707],{"id":94706},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94709,94710],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94712,347],{},[43,94714,94716],{"className":45,"code":94715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94717,94718,94732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94719,94720,94722,94724,94726,94728,94730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94721,93319],{"class":58},[52,94723,63],{"class":62},[52,94725,54179],{"class":118},[52,94727,122],{"class":66},[52,94729,1705],{"class":70},[52,94731,127],{"class":66},[52,94733,94734,94736,94738,94740,94742,94744],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94735,119],{"class":118},[52,94737,122],{"class":66},[52,94739,60614],{"class":92},[52,94741,4020],{"class":66},[52,94743,71],{"class":70},[52,94745,112],{"class":66},[20,94747,2193],{},[43,94749,94750],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94751,94752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94753,94754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94755,47024],{"class":70},[1324,94757,5276,94759,94761],{"id":94758},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94760,94459],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94763,94764,94765,94768],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94766,94767],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1324,94770,94772,94773,94775],{"id":94771},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94774,36306],{}," to a list?",[20,94777,94778],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[38,94780,1996],{"id":1995},[154,94782,94783,94789,94795,94802,94808],{},[157,94784,94785],{},[30,94786,3697,94787,3630],{"href":93164},[15,94788,36306],{},[157,94790,94791],{},[30,94792,3697,94793,3630],{"href":64952},[15,94794,24891],{},[157,94796,94797],{},[30,94798,3697,94799,94801],{"href":93617},[15,94800,6077],{}," loops explained",[157,94803,94804],{},[30,94805,37625,94806,36715],{"href":93983},[15,94807,35858],{},[157,94809,94810],{},[30,94811,26232,94812],{"href":35528},[15,94813,34362],{},[2044,94815,94816],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":94818},[94819,94820,94821,94823,94825,94827,94829,94830,94831,94832,94843],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":93283,"depth":83,"text":93284},{"id":93515,"depth":83,"text":94822},"What range() gives you",{"id":93728,"depth":83,"text":94824},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93853,"depth":83,"text":94826},"When to use range()",{"id":93988,"depth":83,"text":94828},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15710,"depth":83,"text":15711},{"id":94307,"depth":83,"text":94308},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":94833},[94834,94836,94838,94839,94841],{"id":94679,"depth":115,"text":94835},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94690,"depth":115,"text":94837},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94706,"depth":115,"text":94707},{"id":94758,"depth":115,"text":94840},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94771,"depth":115,"text":94842},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93170,"description":94844},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94851,"title":94852,"body":94853,"description":96289,"extension":2083,"meta":96290,"navigation":240,"path":96291,"seo":96292,"stem":96293,"__hash__":96294},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94854,"toc":96255},[94855,94861,94866,94869,94883,94886,94888,94927,94929,94942,94950,94955,94971,94974,94976,94978,94999,95016,95019,95078,95080,95099,95104,95110,95113,95147,95149,95162,95165,95210,95212,95235,95242,95248,95251,95292,95294,95308,95311,95369,95371,95386,95399,95405,95411,95476,95478,95497,95499,95517,95520,95524,95530,95532,95565,95567,95580,95590,95593,95654,95656,95677,95680,95682,95698,95703,95707,95712,95717,95773,95775,95793,95796,95841,95843,95851,95856,95860,95874,95876,95908,95910,95919,95921,95925,95934,95937,95969,95971,95983,95986,95990,95995,96036,96038,96046,96049,96072,96076,96078,96087,96090,96143,96145,96154,96158,96163,96174,96176,96185,96188,96194,96197,96203,96213,96221,96228,96230,96252],[10,94856,3697,94858,3701],{"id":94857},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94859,94860],{},"round()",[20,94862,9245,94863,94865],{},[15,94864,94860],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94867,94868],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[154,94870,94871,94877],{},[157,94872,94873,94876],{},[15,94874,94875],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[157,94878,94879,94882],{},[15,94880,94881],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94884,94885],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[38,94887,2125],{"id":2124},[43,94889,94891],{"className":45,"code":94890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94892,94893,94909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94894,94895,94897,94899,94902,94904,94907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94896,119],{"class":118},[52,94898,122],{"class":66},[52,94900,94901],{"class":118},"round",[52,94903,122],{"class":66},[52,94905,94906],{"class":70},"3.14159",[52,94908,2150],{"class":66},[52,94910,94911,94913,94915,94917,94919,94921,94923,94925],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94912,119],{"class":118},[52,94914,122],{"class":66},[52,94916,94901],{"class":118},[52,94918,122],{"class":66},[52,94920,94906],{"class":70},[52,94922,74],{"class":66},[52,94924,77],{"class":70},[52,94926,2150],{"class":66},[20,94928,2193],{},[43,94930,94932],{"className":45,"code":94931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94933,94934,94938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94935,94936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94937,46724],{"class":70},[52,94939,94940],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,94941,40284],{"class":70},[20,94943,137,94944,94946,94947,94949],{},[15,94945,94875],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94948,94881],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[38,94951,144,94953,147],{"id":94952},"what-round-does",[15,94954,94860],{},[154,94956,94957,94962,94965,94968],{},[157,94958,94959,94961],{},[15,94960,94860],{}," is a built-in Python function",[157,94963,94964],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[157,94966,94967],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[157,94969,94970],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94972,94973],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[38,94975,268],{"id":267},[20,94977,2282],{},[43,94979,94981],{"className":45,"code":94980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94982,94983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94984,94985,94987,94989,94991,94994,94997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94986,94901],{"class":118},[52,94988,122],{"class":66},[52,94990,2361],{"class":92},[52,94992,94993],{"class":66},"[,",[52,94995,94996],{"class":92}," ndigits",[52,94998,112],{"class":66},[154,95000,95001,95006,95011],{},[157,95002,95003,95005],{},[15,95004,2361],{}," is the value to round",[157,95007,95008,20150],{},[15,95009,95010],{},"ndigits",[157,95012,95013,95015],{},[15,95014,95010],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95017,95018],{},"Basic examples:",[43,95020,95022],{"className":45,"code":95021,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95023,95024,95039,95057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95025,95026,95028,95030,95032,95034,95037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95027,119],{"class":118},[52,95029,122],{"class":66},[52,95031,94901],{"class":118},[52,95033,122],{"class":66},[52,95035,95036],{"class":70},"7.8",[52,95038,2150],{"class":66},[52,95040,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053,95055],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95042,119],{"class":118},[52,95044,122],{"class":66},[52,95046,94901],{"class":118},[52,95048,122],{"class":66},[52,95050,95036],{"class":70},[52,95052,74],{"class":66},[52,95054,5616],{"class":70},[52,95056,2150],{"class":66},[52,95058,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067,95070,95072,95074,95076],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95060,119],{"class":118},[52,95062,122],{"class":66},[52,95064,94901],{"class":118},[52,95066,122],{"class":66},[52,95068,95069],{"class":70},"1234",[52,95071,74],{"class":66},[52,95073,2344],{"class":62},[52,95075,99],{"class":70},[52,95077,2150],{"class":66},[20,95079,2193],{},[43,95081,95083],{"className":45,"code":95082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95084,95085,95089,95094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95086,95087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95088,2503],{"class":70},[52,95090,95091],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95092,95093],{"class":70},"7.8\n",[52,95095,95096],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95097,95098],{"class":70},"1200\n",[20,95100,95101,95102,89],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[30,95103,2541],{"href":2540},[38,95105,8538,95107,95109],{"id":95106},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95108,94860],{}," with one argument",[20,95111,95112],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[43,95114,95116],{"className":45,"code":95115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95117,95118,95132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95119,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128,95130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95121,119],{"class":118},[52,95123,122],{"class":66},[52,95125,94901],{"class":118},[52,95127,122],{"class":66},[52,95129,2484],{"class":70},[52,95131,2150],{"class":66},[52,95133,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142,95145],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95135,119],{"class":118},[52,95137,122],{"class":66},[52,95139,94901],{"class":118},[52,95141,122],{"class":66},[52,95143,95144],{"class":70},"4.8",[52,95146,2150],{"class":66},[20,95148,2193],{},[43,95150,95152],{"className":45,"code":95151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n5\n",[15,95153,95154,95158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95155,95156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95157,48758],{"class":70},[52,95159,95160],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95161,3066],{"class":70},[20,95163,95164],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[43,95166,95168],{"className":45,"code":95167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95169,95170,95186,95196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95171,95172,95174,95176,95179,95181,95184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95173,474],{"class":58},[52,95175,63],{"class":62},[52,95177,95178],{"class":118}," round",[52,95180,122],{"class":66},[52,95182,95183],{"class":70},"10.2",[52,95185,127],{"class":66},[52,95187,95188,95190,95192,95194],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95189,119],{"class":118},[52,95191,122],{"class":66},[52,95193,507],{"class":92},[52,95195,127],{"class":66},[52,95197,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95199,119],{"class":118},[52,95201,122],{"class":66},[52,95203,3340],{"class":3020},[52,95205,122],{"class":66},[52,95207,507],{"class":92},[52,95209,2150],{"class":66},[20,95211,2193],{},[43,95213,95215],{"className":45,"code":95214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95216,95217,95221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95218,95219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95220,2498],{"class":70},[52,95222,95223,95225,95227,95229,95231,95233],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95224,3409],{"class":62},[52,95226,3412],{"class":2187},[52,95228,3415],{"class":188},[52,95230,2310],{"class":192},[52,95232,3420],{"class":188},[52,95234,3423],{"class":62},[20,95236,95237,95238,89],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[30,95239,3697,95240,3630],{"href":2992},[15,95241,2995],{},[38,95243,8538,95245,95247],{"id":95244},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95246,94860],{}," with decimal places",[20,95249,95250],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[43,95252,95254],{"className":45,"code":95253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95255,95256,95274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95257,95258,95260,95262,95264,95266,95268,95270,95272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95259,119],{"class":118},[52,95261,122],{"class":66},[52,95263,94901],{"class":118},[52,95265,122],{"class":66},[52,95267,94906],{"class":70},[52,95269,74],{"class":66},[52,95271,77],{"class":70},[52,95273,2150],{"class":66},[52,95275,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95277,119],{"class":118},[52,95279,122],{"class":66},[52,95281,94901],{"class":118},[52,95283,122],{"class":66},[52,95285,94906],{"class":70},[52,95287,74],{"class":66},[52,95289,104],{"class":70},[52,95291,2150],{"class":66},[20,95293,2193],{},[43,95295,95297],{"className":45,"code":95296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95298,95299,95303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95300,95301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95302,40284],{"class":70},[52,95304,95305],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95306,95307],{"class":70},"3.142\n",[20,95309,95310],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[43,95312,95314],{"className":45,"code":95313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95315,95316,95325,95344,95348,95358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95317,95318,95320,95322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95319,40494],{"class":58},[52,95321,63],{"class":62},[52,95323,95324],{"class":70}," 19.9876\n",[52,95326,95327,95330,95332,95334,95336,95338,95340,95342],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95328,95329],{"class":58},"rounded_price ",[52,95331,63],{"class":62},[52,95333,95178],{"class":118},[52,95335,122],{"class":66},[52,95337,25260],{"class":92},[52,95339,74],{"class":66},[52,95341,77],{"class":70},[52,95343,127],{"class":66},[52,95345,95346],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95347,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,95349,95350,95352,95354,95356],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,95351,119],{"class":118},[52,95353,122],{"class":66},[52,95355,25260],{"class":92},[52,95357,127],{"class":66},[52,95359,95360,95362,95364,95367],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,95361,119],{"class":118},[52,95363,122],{"class":66},[52,95365,95366],{"class":92},"rounded_price",[52,95368,127],{"class":66},[20,95370,2193],{},[43,95372,95374],{"className":45,"code":95373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95375,95376,95381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95377,95378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95379,95380],{"class":70},"19.9876\n",[52,95382,95383],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95384,95385],{"class":70},"19.99\n",[20,95387,95388,95389,95392,95393,2996,95395,89],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95390,95391],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[30,95394,40999],{"href":40998},[30,95396,3697,95397,3630],{"href":2999},[15,95398,3002],{},[38,95400,95402,95403],{"id":95401},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95404,95010],{},[20,95406,95407,95408,95410],{},"A negative ",[15,95409,95010],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[43,95412,95414],{"className":45,"code":95413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95415,95416,95436,95456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95417,95418,95420,95422,95424,95426,95428,95430,95432,95434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95419,119],{"class":118},[52,95421,122],{"class":66},[52,95423,94901],{"class":118},[52,95425,122],{"class":66},[52,95427,95069],{"class":70},[52,95429,74],{"class":66},[52,95431,2344],{"class":62},[52,95433,71],{"class":70},[52,95435,2150],{"class":66},[52,95437,95438,95440,95442,95444,95446,95448,95450,95452,95454],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95439,119],{"class":118},[52,95441,122],{"class":66},[52,95443,94901],{"class":118},[52,95445,122],{"class":66},[52,95447,95069],{"class":70},[52,95449,74],{"class":66},[52,95451,2344],{"class":62},[52,95453,99],{"class":70},[52,95455,2150],{"class":66},[52,95457,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470,95472,95474],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95459,119],{"class":118},[52,95461,122],{"class":66},[52,95463,94901],{"class":118},[52,95465,122],{"class":66},[52,95467,95069],{"class":70},[52,95469,74],{"class":66},[52,95471,2344],{"class":62},[52,95473,488],{"class":70},[52,95475,2150],{"class":66},[20,95477,2193],{},[43,95479,95481],{"className":45,"code":95480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95482,95483,95488,95492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95484,95485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95486,95487],{"class":70},"1230\n",[52,95489,95490],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95491,95098],{"class":70},[52,95493,95494],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95495,95496],{"class":70},"1000\n",[20,95498,65689],{},[154,95500,95501,95506,95512],{},[157,95502,95503,95505],{},[15,95504,65959],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[157,95507,95508,95511],{},[15,95509,95510],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[157,95513,95514,95516],{},[15,95515,47778],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95518,95519],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[38,95521,95523],{"id":95522},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95525,95526,95527,89],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95528,95529],{},".5",[20,95531,5590],{},[43,95533,95535],{"className":45,"code":95534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95536,95537,95551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95538,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547,95549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95540,119],{"class":118},[52,95542,122],{"class":66},[52,95544,94901],{"class":118},[52,95546,122],{"class":66},[52,95548,41266],{"class":70},[52,95550,2150],{"class":66},[52,95552,95553,95555,95557,95559,95561,95563],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95554,119],{"class":118},[52,95556,122],{"class":66},[52,95558,94901],{"class":118},[52,95560,122],{"class":66},[52,95562,2163],{"class":70},[52,95564,2150],{"class":66},[20,95566,2193],{},[43,95568,95570],{"className":45,"code":95569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n4\n",[15,95571,95572,95576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95573,95574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95575,17170],{"class":70},[52,95577,95578],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95579,48758],{"class":70},[20,95581,95582,95583,95586,95587,95589],{},"Python uses ",[984,95584,95585],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95588,95529],{}," situations.",[20,95591,95592],{},"More examples:",[43,95594,95596],{"className":45,"code":95595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95597,95598,95612,95626,95640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95599,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608,95610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95601,119],{"class":118},[52,95603,122],{"class":66},[52,95605,94901],{"class":118},[52,95607,122],{"class":66},[52,95609,41279],{"class":70},[52,95611,2150],{"class":66},[52,95613,95614,95616,95618,95620,95622,95624],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95615,119],{"class":118},[52,95617,122],{"class":66},[52,95619,94901],{"class":118},[52,95621,122],{"class":66},[52,95623,41266],{"class":70},[52,95625,2150],{"class":66},[52,95627,95628,95630,95632,95634,95636,95638],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95629,119],{"class":118},[52,95631,122],{"class":66},[52,95633,94901],{"class":118},[52,95635,122],{"class":66},[52,95637,2163],{"class":70},[52,95639,2150],{"class":66},[52,95641,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650,95652],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,95643,119],{"class":118},[52,95645,122],{"class":66},[52,95647,94901],{"class":118},[52,95649,122],{"class":66},[52,95651,41231],{"class":70},[52,95653,2150],{"class":66},[20,95655,2193],{},[43,95657,95659],{"className":45,"code":95658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95660,95661,95665,95669,95673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95662,95663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95664,17170],{"class":70},[52,95666,95667],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95668,17170],{"class":70},[52,95670,95671],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95672,48758],{"class":70},[52,95674,95675],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,95676,48758],{"class":70},[20,95678,95679],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95681,10831],{},[154,95683,95684,95691],{},[157,95685,95686,2257,95689],{},[15,95687,95688],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95690,99],{},[157,95692,95693,2257,95696],{},[15,95694,95695],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95697,391],{},[20,95699,3287,95700,95702],{},[15,95701,95529],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[38,95704,95706],{"id":95705},"return-values","Return values",[20,95708,95709,95711],{},[15,95710,94860],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95713,41013,95714,95716],{},[984,95715,986],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[43,95718,95720],{"className":45,"code":95719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95721,95722,95731,95735,95745,95763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95723,95724,95726,95728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95725,2568],{"class":58},[52,95727,63],{"class":62},[52,95729,95730],{"class":70}," 3.14159\n",[52,95732,95733],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95734,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,95736,95737,95739,95741,95743],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95738,119],{"class":118},[52,95740,122],{"class":66},[52,95742,2593],{"class":92},[52,95744,127],{"class":66},[52,95746,95747,95749,95751,95753,95755,95757,95759,95761],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,95748,119],{"class":118},[52,95750,122],{"class":66},[52,95752,94901],{"class":118},[52,95754,122],{"class":66},[52,95756,2593],{"class":92},[52,95758,74],{"class":66},[52,95760,77],{"class":70},[52,95762,2150],{"class":66},[52,95764,95765,95767,95769,95771],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,95766,119],{"class":118},[52,95768,122],{"class":66},[52,95770,2593],{"class":92},[52,95772,127],{"class":66},[20,95774,2193],{},[43,95776,95778],{"className":45,"code":95777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95779,95780,95785,95789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95781,95782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95783,95784],{"class":70},"3.14159\n",[52,95786,95787],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95788,40284],{"class":70},[52,95790,95791],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95792,95784],{"class":70},[20,95794,95795],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[43,95797,95799],{"className":45,"code":95798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95800,95801,95809,95827,95831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95802,95803,95805,95807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95804,2568],{"class":58},[52,95806,63],{"class":62},[52,95808,95730],{"class":70},[52,95810,95811,95813,95815,95817,95819,95821,95823,95825],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95812,2568],{"class":58},[52,95814,63],{"class":62},[52,95816,95178],{"class":118},[52,95818,122],{"class":66},[52,95820,2593],{"class":92},[52,95822,74],{"class":66},[52,95824,77],{"class":70},[52,95826,127],{"class":66},[52,95828,95829],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95830,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,95832,95833,95835,95837,95839],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,95834,119],{"class":118},[52,95836,122],{"class":66},[52,95838,2593],{"class":92},[52,95840,127],{"class":66},[20,95842,2193],{},[43,95844,95845],{"className":45,"code":40284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95846,95847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95848,95849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95850,40284],{"class":70},[38,95852,5078,95854],{"id":95853},"when-to-use-round",[15,95855,94860],{},[20,95857,137,95858,6438],{},[15,95859,94860],{},[154,95861,95862,95865,95868,95871],{},[157,95863,95864],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[157,95866,95867],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[157,95869,95870],{},"Round values before reporting results",[157,95872,95873],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95875,5590],{},[43,95877,95879],{"className":45,"code":95878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95880,95881,95890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95882,95883,95885,95887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95884,2713],{"class":58},[52,95886,63],{"class":62},[52,95888,95889],{"class":70}," 12.67891\n",[52,95891,95892,95894,95896,95898,95900,95902,95904,95906],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95893,119],{"class":118},[52,95895,122],{"class":66},[52,95897,94901],{"class":118},[52,95899,122],{"class":66},[52,95901,2736],{"class":92},[52,95903,74],{"class":66},[52,95905,77],{"class":70},[52,95907,2150],{"class":66},[20,95909,2193],{},[43,95911,95913],{"className":45,"code":95912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"12.68\n",[15,95914,95915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95916,95917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95918,95912],{"class":70},[38,95920,2948],{"id":2947},[20,95922,23204,95923,89],{},[15,95924,94860],{},[1324,95926,8574,95928,95930,95931,95933],{"id":95927},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95929,94860],{}," to always round ",[15,95932,95529],{}," upward",[20,95935,95936],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[43,95938,95939],{"className":45,"code":95534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95940,95941,95955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95942,95943,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95944,119],{"class":118},[52,95946,122],{"class":66},[52,95948,94901],{"class":118},[52,95950,122],{"class":66},[52,95952,41266],{"class":70},[52,95954,2150],{"class":66},[52,95956,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95958,119],{"class":118},[52,95960,122],{"class":66},[52,95962,94901],{"class":118},[52,95964,122],{"class":66},[52,95966,2163],{"class":70},[52,95968,2150],{"class":66},[20,95970,2193],{},[43,95972,95973],{"className":45,"code":95569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95974,95975,95979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95976,95977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95978,17170],{"class":70},[52,95980,95981],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,95982,48758],{"class":70},[20,95984,95985],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1324,95987,95989],{"id":95988},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95991,95992,95994],{},[15,95993,94860],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[43,95996,95998],{"className":45,"code":95997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95999,96000,96008,96022,96026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96001,96002,96004,96006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96003,2568],{"class":58},[52,96005,63],{"class":62},[52,96007,95730],{"class":70},[52,96009,96010,96012,96014,96016,96018,96020],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96011,94901],{"class":118},[52,96013,122],{"class":66},[52,96015,2593],{"class":92},[52,96017,74],{"class":66},[52,96019,77],{"class":70},[52,96021,127],{"class":66},[52,96023,96024],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96025,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,96027,96028,96030,96032,96034],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,96029,119],{"class":118},[52,96031,122],{"class":66},[52,96033,2593],{"class":92},[52,96035,127],{"class":66},[20,96037,2193],{},[43,96039,96040],{"className":45,"code":95784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,96041,96042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96043,96044],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96045,95784],{"class":70},[20,96047,96048],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[43,96050,96052],{"className":45,"code":96051,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96053,96054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96055,96056,96058,96060,96062,96064,96066,96068,96070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96057,2568],{"class":58},[52,96059,63],{"class":62},[52,96061,95178],{"class":118},[52,96063,122],{"class":66},[52,96065,2593],{"class":92},[52,96067,74],{"class":66},[52,96069,77],{"class":70},[52,96071,127],{"class":66},[1324,96073,96075],{"id":96074},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96077,16514],{},[43,96079,96081],{"className":45,"code":96080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96082,96083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96084,96085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96086,96080],{"class":133},[20,96088,96089],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[43,96091,96093],{"className":45,"code":96092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96094,96095,96107,96121,96125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96096,96097,96099,96101,96103,96105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96098,34795],{"class":58},[52,96100,63],{"class":62},[52,96102,200],{"class":188},[52,96104,40250],{"class":192},[52,96106,3479],{"class":188},[52,96108,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96110,2339],{"class":58},[52,96112,63],{"class":62},[52,96114,40362],{"class":3020},[52,96116,122],{"class":66},[52,96118,34816],{"class":92},[52,96120,127],{"class":66},[52,96122,96123],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96124,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,96126,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,96128,119],{"class":118},[52,96130,122],{"class":66},[52,96132,94901],{"class":118},[52,96134,122],{"class":66},[52,96136,2361],{"class":92},[52,96138,74],{"class":66},[52,96140,5616],{"class":70},[52,96142,2150],{"class":66},[20,96144,2193],{},[43,96146,96148],{"className":45,"code":96147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.1\n",[15,96149,96150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96151,96152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96153,96147],{"class":70},[1324,96155,96157],{"id":96156},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96159,96160,96162],{},[15,96161,94860],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96164,96165,96166,2996,96170,89],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[30,96167,96168],{"href":2999},[15,96169,3002],{},[30,96171,96172],{"href":2992},[15,96173,2995],{},[38,96175,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,96177,1937,96179,96181,96182,96184],{"id":96178},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96180,94860],{}," always round ",[15,96183,40321],{}," up?",[20,96186,96187],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1324,96189,1937,96191,96193],{"id":96190},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96192,94860],{}," change the original number?",[20,96195,96196],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1324,96198,5288,96200,96202],{"id":96199},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96201,94860],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96204,96205,96206,96208,96209,2996,96211,89],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96207,95010],{}," value like ",[15,96210,65959],{},[15,96212,95510],{},[1324,96214,1949,96216,96218,96219,1964],{"id":96215},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96217,94860],{}," on a string like ",[15,96220,48202],{},[20,96222,96223,96224,2996,96226,89],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96225,3002],{},[15,96227,2995],{},[38,96229,1996],{"id":1995},[154,96231,96232,96238,96244,96248],{},[157,96233,96234],{},[30,96235,3697,96236,3630],{"href":2999},[15,96237,3002],{},[157,96239,96240],{},[30,96241,3697,96242,3630],{"href":2992},[15,96243,2995],{},[157,96245,96246],{},[30,96247,2541],{"href":2540},[157,96249,96250],{},[30,96251,42289],{"href":40998},[2044,96253,96254],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":96256},[96257,96258,96260,96261,96263,96265,96267,96268,96269,96271,96278,96288],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":94952,"depth":83,"text":96259},"What round() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":95106,"depth":83,"text":96262},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95244,"depth":83,"text":96264},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95401,"depth":83,"text":96266},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95522,"depth":83,"text":95523},{"id":95705,"depth":83,"text":95706},{"id":95853,"depth":83,"text":96270},"When to use round()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":96272},[96273,96275,96276,96277],{"id":95927,"depth":115,"text":96274},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95988,"depth":115,"text":95989},{"id":96074,"depth":115,"text":96075},{"id":96156,"depth":115,"text":96157},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":96279},[96280,96282,96284,96286],{"id":96178,"depth":115,"text":96281},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96190,"depth":115,"text":96283},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96199,"depth":115,"text":96285},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96215,"depth":115,"text":96287},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94852,"description":96289},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96296,"title":96297,"body":96298,"description":97468,"extension":2083,"meta":97469,"navigation":240,"path":97470,"seo":97471,"stem":97472,"__hash__":97473},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96299,"toc":97442},[96300,96305,96310,96313,96315,96364,96368,96393,96398,96403,96408,96420,96429,96431,96450,96452,96468,96471,96482,96484,96486,96547,96551,96584,96591,96598,96601,96634,96637,96641,96644,96697,96701,96722,96728,96735,96742,96803,96811,96888,96892,96902,96910,96912,96918,96924,96928,96981,96984,97041,97045,97053,97056,97060,97063,97073,97075,97172,97175,97186,97189,97232,97236,97260,97263,97269,97271,97275,97300,97302,97369,97378,97380,97385,97389,97393,97396,97400,97406,97410,97415,97417,97433,97439],[10,96301,13,96303,18],{"id":96302},"python-set-add-method",[15,96304,1086],{},[20,96306,96307,96309],{},[15,96308,35],{}," adds one item to a set.",[20,96311,96312],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96314,2125],{"id":2124},[43,96316,96318],{"className":45,"code":96317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96319,96320,96340,96354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96321,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96323,59],{"class":58},[52,96325,63],{"class":62},[52,96327,67],{"class":66},[52,96329,71],{"class":70},[52,96331,74],{"class":66},[52,96333,77],{"class":70},[52,96335,74],{"class":66},[52,96337,104],{"class":70},[52,96339,80],{"class":66},[52,96341,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96343,86],{"class":58},[52,96345,89],{"class":66},[52,96347,1048],{"class":92},[52,96349,122],{"class":66},[52,96351,391],{"class":70},[52,96353,127],{"class":66},[52,96355,96356,96358,96360,96362],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96357,119],{"class":118},[52,96359,122],{"class":66},[52,96361,86],{"class":92},[52,96363,127],{"class":66},[20,96365,96366],{},[984,96367,2193],{},[43,96369,96371],{"className":45,"code":96370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96372,96373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96376,9399],{"class":66},[52,96378,71],{"class":70},[52,96380,74],{"class":66},[52,96382,77],{"class":70},[52,96384,74],{"class":66},[52,96386,104],{"class":70},[52,96388,74],{"class":66},[52,96390,109],{"class":70},[52,96392,80],{"class":66},[20,96394,137,96395,96397],{},[15,96396,1086],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96399,144,96401,147],{"id":96400},"what-setadd-does",[15,96402,35],{},[20,96404,96405,96407],{},[15,96406,35],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[154,96409,96410,96413,96415,96417],{},[157,96411,96412],{},"Adds one item to a set",[157,96414,162],{},[157,96416,168],{},[157,96418,96419],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96421,429,96422,2996,96426,89],{},[30,96423,96425],{"href":96424},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[30,96427,433],{"href":96428},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set",[38,96430,268],{"id":267},[43,96432,96434],{"className":45,"code":96433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96435,96436],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96437,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96439,281],{"class":58},[52,96441,89],{"class":66},[52,96443,1048],{"class":92},[52,96445,122],{"class":66},[52,96447,23420],{"class":92},[52,96449,127],{"class":66},[20,96451,11575],{},[154,96453,96454,96459,96462],{},[157,96455,56018,96456,96458],{},[15,96457,1086],{}," on an existing set",[157,96460,96461],{},"Pass exactly one item",[157,96463,96464,96465],{},"The item must be ",[984,96466,96467],{},"hashable",[20,96469,96470],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[154,96472,96473,96475,96477,96480],{},[157,96474,56571],{},[157,96476,56574],{},[157,96478,96479],{},"Tuples",[157,96481,40702],{},[38,96483,11592],{"id":11591},[20,96485,11595],{},[43,96487,96489],{"className":45,"code":96488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96490,96491,96515,96533,96537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96492,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96494,181],{"class":58},[52,96496,63],{"class":62},[52,96498,67],{"class":66},[52,96500,189],{"class":188},[52,96502,193],{"class":192},[52,96504,189],{"class":188},[52,96506,74],{"class":66},[52,96508,200],{"class":188},[52,96510,203],{"class":192},[52,96512,189],{"class":188},[52,96514,80],{"class":66},[52,96516,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96518,212],{"class":58},[52,96520,89],{"class":66},[52,96522,1048],{"class":92},[52,96524,122],{"class":66},[52,96526,189],{"class":188},[52,96528,231],{"class":192},[52,96530,189],{"class":188},[52,96532,127],{"class":66},[52,96534,96535],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96536,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,96538,96539,96541,96543,96545],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,96540,119],{"class":118},[52,96542,122],{"class":66},[52,96544,212],{"class":92},[52,96546,127],{"class":66},[20,96548,96549],{},[984,96550,30140],{},[43,96552,96554],{"className":45,"code":96553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96555,96556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96557,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576,96578,96580,96582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96559,9399],{"class":66},[52,96561,3420],{"class":188},[52,96563,193],{"class":192},[52,96565,3420],{"class":188},[52,96567,74],{"class":66},[52,96569,3415],{"class":188},[52,96571,231],{"class":192},[52,96573,3420],{"class":188},[52,96575,74],{"class":66},[52,96577,3415],{"class":188},[52,96579,203],{"class":192},[52,96581,3420],{"class":188},[52,96583,80],{"class":66},[20,96585,96586,96587,96590],{},"The new value ",[15,96588,96589],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96592,96593,96594,96597],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[984,96595,96596],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96599,96600],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[43,96602,96604],{"className":45,"code":96603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96605,96606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96607,96608,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96609,9399],{"class":66},[52,96611,3420],{"class":188},[52,96613,203],{"class":192},[52,96615,3420],{"class":188},[52,96617,74],{"class":66},[52,96619,3415],{"class":188},[52,96621,193],{"class":192},[52,96623,3420],{"class":188},[52,96625,74],{"class":66},[52,96627,3415],{"class":188},[52,96629,231],{"class":192},[52,96631,3420],{"class":188},[52,96633,80],{"class":66},[20,96635,96636],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[38,96638,96640],{"id":96639},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96642,96643],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[43,96645,96647],{"className":45,"code":96646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96648,96649,96669,96683,96687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96650,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96652,59],{"class":58},[52,96654,63],{"class":62},[52,96656,67],{"class":66},[52,96658,71],{"class":70},[52,96660,74],{"class":66},[52,96662,77],{"class":70},[52,96664,74],{"class":66},[52,96666,104],{"class":70},[52,96668,80],{"class":66},[52,96670,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96672,86],{"class":58},[52,96674,89],{"class":66},[52,96676,1048],{"class":92},[52,96678,122],{"class":66},[52,96680,99],{"class":70},[52,96682,127],{"class":66},[52,96684,96685],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96686,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,96688,96689,96691,96693,96695],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,96690,119],{"class":118},[52,96692,122],{"class":66},[52,96694,86],{"class":92},[52,96696,127],{"class":66},[20,96698,96699],{},[984,96700,2193],{},[43,96702,96704],{"className":45,"code":96703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96705,96706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96707,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716,96718,96720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96709,9399],{"class":66},[52,96711,71],{"class":70},[52,96713,74],{"class":66},[52,96715,77],{"class":70},[52,96717,74],{"class":66},[52,96719,104],{"class":70},[52,96721,80],{"class":66},[20,96723,96724,96725,96727],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96726,99],{}," was already present.",[38,96729,96731,1083,96733],{"id":96730},"add-vs-update",[15,96732,1086],{},[15,96734,17],{},[20,96736,137,96737,96739,96740,89],{},[15,96738,1086],{}," when you want to add ",[984,96741,52765],{},[43,96743,96745],{"className":45,"code":96744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96746,96747,96771,96789,96793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96748,96749,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96750,921],{"class":58},[52,96752,63],{"class":62},[52,96754,67],{"class":66},[52,96756,189],{"class":188},[52,96758,30],{"class":192},[52,96760,189],{"class":188},[52,96762,74],{"class":66},[52,96764,200],{"class":188},[52,96766,1393],{"class":192},[52,96768,189],{"class":188},[52,96770,80],{"class":66},[52,96772,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785,96787],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96774,939],{"class":58},[52,96776,89],{"class":66},[52,96778,1048],{"class":92},[52,96780,122],{"class":66},[52,96782,189],{"class":188},[52,96784,1491],{"class":192},[52,96786,189],{"class":188},[52,96788,127],{"class":66},[52,96790,96791],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96792,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,96794,96795,96797,96799,96801],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,96796,119],{"class":118},[52,96798,122],{"class":66},[52,96800,939],{"class":92},[52,96802,127],{"class":66},[20,96804,137,96805,96739,96807,96810],{},[15,96806,17],{},[984,96808,96809],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[43,96812,96814],{"className":45,"code":96813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96815,96816,96840,96874,96878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96817,96818,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96819,921],{"class":58},[52,96821,63],{"class":62},[52,96823,67],{"class":66},[52,96825,189],{"class":188},[52,96827,30],{"class":192},[52,96829,189],{"class":188},[52,96831,74],{"class":66},[52,96833,200],{"class":188},[52,96835,1393],{"class":192},[52,96837,189],{"class":188},[52,96839,80],{"class":66},[52,96841,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96843,939],{"class":58},[52,96845,89],{"class":66},[52,96847,93],{"class":92},[52,96849,96],{"class":66},[52,96851,189],{"class":188},[52,96853,1491],{"class":192},[52,96855,189],{"class":188},[52,96857,74],{"class":66},[52,96859,200],{"class":188},[52,96861,18879],{"class":192},[52,96863,189],{"class":188},[52,96865,74],{"class":66},[52,96867,200],{"class":188},[52,96869,60556],{"class":192},[52,96871,189],{"class":188},[52,96873,112],{"class":66},[52,96875,96876],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96877,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,96879,96880,96882,96884,96886],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,96881,119],{"class":118},[52,96883,122],{"class":66},[52,96885,939],{"class":92},[52,96887,127],{"class":66},[1324,96889,96891],{"id":96890},"key-difference","Key difference",[154,96893,96894,96898],{},[157,96895,96896,1096],{},[15,96897,1086],{},[157,96899,96900,1101],{},[15,96901,17],{},[20,96903,96904,96905,89],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[30,96906,96907,96908,10859],{"href":2085},"Python set ",[15,96909,17],{},[38,96911,17533],{"id":17532},[20,96913,96914,442,96916,89],{},[15,96915,35],{},[15,96917,445],{},[20,96919,96920,96921,96923],{},"That means you should ",[984,96922,986],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1324,96925,96927],{"id":96926},"correct","Correct",[43,96929,96931],{"className":45,"code":96930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96932,96933,96953,96967,96971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96934,96935,96937,96939,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96936,1549],{"class":58},[52,96938,63],{"class":62},[52,96940,67],{"class":66},[52,96942,71],{"class":70},[52,96944,74],{"class":66},[52,96946,77],{"class":70},[52,96948,74],{"class":66},[52,96950,104],{"class":70},[52,96952,80],{"class":66},[52,96954,96955,96957,96959,96961,96963,96965],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,96956,281],{"class":58},[52,96958,89],{"class":66},[52,96960,1048],{"class":92},[52,96962,122],{"class":66},[52,96964,391],{"class":70},[52,96966,127],{"class":66},[52,96968,96969],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96970,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,96972,96973,96975,96977,96979],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,96974,119],{"class":118},[52,96976,122],{"class":66},[52,96978,281],{"class":92},[52,96980,127],{"class":66},[1324,96982,96983],{"id":61878},"Wrong",[43,96985,96987],{"className":45,"code":96986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96988,96989,97009,97027,97031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96990,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96992,1549],{"class":58},[52,96994,63],{"class":62},[52,96996,67],{"class":66},[52,96998,71],{"class":70},[52,97000,74],{"class":66},[52,97002,77],{"class":70},[52,97004,74],{"class":66},[52,97006,104],{"class":70},[52,97008,80],{"class":66},[52,97010,97011,97013,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97012,1549],{"class":58},[52,97014,63],{"class":62},[52,97016,1570],{"class":58},[52,97018,89],{"class":66},[52,97020,1048],{"class":92},[52,97022,122],{"class":66},[52,97024,391],{"class":70},[52,97026,127],{"class":66},[52,97028,97029],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97030,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97032,97033,97035,97037,97039],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,97034,119],{"class":118},[52,97036,122],{"class":66},[52,97038,281],{"class":92},[52,97040,127],{"class":66},[20,97042,97043],{},[984,97044,2193],{},[43,97046,97047],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97048,97049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97050,97051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97052,11924],{"class":3971},[20,97054,97055],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[38,97057,97059],{"id":97058},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97061,97062],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[154,97064,97065,97067,97069,97071],{},[157,97066,56571],{},[157,97068,56574],{},[157,97070,96479],{},[157,97072,40702],{},[20,97074,347],{},[43,97076,97078],{"className":45,"code":97077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97079,97080,97090,97094,97108,97126,97144,97158,97162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97081,97082,97084,97086,97088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97083,7897],{"class":58},[52,97085,63],{"class":62},[52,97087,15747],{"class":3020},[52,97089,8764],{"class":66},[52,97091,97092],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97093,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97095,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104,97106],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97097,7928],{"class":58},[52,97099,89],{"class":66},[52,97101,1048],{"class":92},[52,97103,122],{"class":66},[52,97105,2452],{"class":70},[52,97107,127],{"class":66},[52,97109,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118,97120,97122,97124],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,97111,7928],{"class":58},[52,97113,89],{"class":66},[52,97115,1048],{"class":92},[52,97117,122],{"class":66},[52,97119,189],{"class":188},[52,97121,3964],{"class":192},[52,97123,189],{"class":188},[52,97125,127],{"class":66},[52,97127,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,97129,7928],{"class":58},[52,97131,89],{"class":66},[52,97133,1048],{"class":92},[52,97135,5629],{"class":66},[52,97137,71],{"class":70},[52,97139,74],{"class":66},[52,97141,77],{"class":70},[52,97143,2150],{"class":66},[52,97145,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,97147,7928],{"class":58},[52,97149,89],{"class":66},[52,97151,1048],{"class":92},[52,97153,122],{"class":66},[52,97155,3726],{"class":3971},[52,97157,127],{"class":66},[52,97159,97160],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,97161,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97163,97164,97166,97168,97170],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,97165,119],{"class":118},[52,97167,122],{"class":66},[52,97169,7928],{"class":92},[52,97171,127],{"class":66},[20,97173,97174],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[154,97176,97177,97180,97183],{},[157,97178,97179],{},"Lists",[157,97181,97182],{},"Dictionaries",[157,97184,97185],{},"Sets",[20,97187,97188],{},"Example that causes an error:",[43,97190,97192],{"className":45,"code":97191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97193,97194,97214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97195,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97197,7897],{"class":58},[52,97199,63],{"class":62},[52,97201,67],{"class":66},[52,97203,71],{"class":70},[52,97205,74],{"class":66},[52,97207,77],{"class":70},[52,97209,74],{"class":66},[52,97211,104],{"class":70},[52,97213,80],{"class":66},[52,97215,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224,97226,97228,97230],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97217,7928],{"class":58},[52,97219,89],{"class":66},[52,97221,1048],{"class":92},[52,97223,96],{"class":66},[52,97225,391],{"class":70},[52,97227,74],{"class":66},[52,97229,396],{"class":70},[52,97231,112],{"class":66},[20,97233,97234],{},[984,97235,29791],{},[43,97237,97239],{"className":45,"code":97238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97240,97241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97242,97243,97245,97247,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97244,1713],{"class":3020},[52,97246,152],{"class":66},[52,97248,97249],{"class":58}," unhashable ",[52,97251,3340],{"class":3020},[52,97253,152],{"class":66},[52,97255,3415],{"class":188},[52,97257,8213],{"class":192},[52,97259,29810],{"class":188},[20,97261,97262],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97264,97265,97266,89],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97267,97268],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[38,97270,2948],{"id":2947},[20,97272,14848,97273,152],{},[15,97274,35],{},[154,97276,97277,97282,97287,97290,97297],{},[157,97278,8538,97279,97281],{},[15,97280,1086],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[157,97283,8574,97284,97286],{},[15,97285,1086],{}," to return the updated set",[157,97288,97289],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[157,97291,37310,97292,97294,97295],{},[15,97293,35],{}," with list ",[15,97296,52761],{},[157,97298,97299],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97301,71610],{},[43,97303,97305],{"className":45,"code":97304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97306,97307,97317,97331,97341,97355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97308,97309,97311,97313,97315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97310,119],{"class":118},[52,97312,122],{"class":66},[52,97314,281],{"class":92},[52,97316,127],{"class":66},[52,97318,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97320,119],{"class":118},[52,97322,122],{"class":66},[52,97324,3340],{"class":3020},[52,97326,122],{"class":66},[52,97328,281],{"class":92},[52,97330,2150],{"class":66},[52,97332,97333,97335,97337,97339],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97334,119],{"class":118},[52,97336,122],{"class":66},[52,97338,2593],{"class":92},[52,97340,127],{"class":66},[52,97342,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351,97353],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,97344,119],{"class":118},[52,97346,122],{"class":66},[52,97348,3340],{"class":3020},[52,97350,122],{"class":66},[52,97352,2593],{"class":92},[52,97354,2150],{"class":66},[52,97356,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365,97367],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,97358,32262],{"class":118},[52,97360,122],{"class":66},[52,97362,6407],{"class":3020},[52,97364,89],{"class":66},[52,97366,1048],{"class":24860},[52,97368,127],{"class":66},[20,97370,97371,97372,97374,97375,89],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97373,35],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[30,97376,53158],{"href":97377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[38,97379,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,97381,1937,97383,1940],{"id":97382},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97384,35],{},[20,97386,1943,97387,89],{},[15,97388,445],{},[1324,97390,97392],{"id":97391},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97394,97395],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1324,97397,97399],{"id":97398},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97401,137,97402,1990,97404,89],{},[15,97403,24],{},[15,97405,1086],{},[1324,97407,97409],{"id":97408},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97411,97412,97413,89],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97414,1713],{},[38,97416,1996],{"id":1995},[154,97418,97419,97423,97427],{},[157,97420,97421],{},[30,97422,96425],{"href":96424},[157,97424,97425],{},[30,97426,2019],{"href":96428},[157,97428,97429],{},[30,97430,96907,97431,10859],{"href":2085},[15,97432,17],{},[20,97434,97435,97436,97438],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97437,1086],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2044,97440,97441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":97443},[97444,97445,97447,97448,97449,97450,97454,97458,97459,97460,97467],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":96400,"depth":83,"text":97446},"What set.add() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":96639,"depth":83,"text":96640},{"id":96730,"depth":83,"text":97451,"children":97452},"add() vs update()",[97453],{"id":96890,"depth":115,"text":96891},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533,"children":97455},[97456,97457],{"id":96926,"depth":115,"text":96927},{"id":61878,"depth":115,"text":96983},{"id":97058,"depth":83,"text":97059},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":97461},[97462,97464,97465,97466],{"id":97382,"depth":115,"text":97463},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97391,"depth":115,"text":97392},{"id":97398,"depth":115,"text":97399},{"id":97408,"depth":115,"text":97409},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96297,"description":97468},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97475,"title":97476,"body":97477,"description":98644,"extension":2083,"meta":98645,"navigation":240,"path":98646,"seo":98647,"stem":98648,"__hash__":98649},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97478,"toc":98611},[97479,97484,97490,97497,97542,97544,97555,97560,97565,97569,97583,97588,97590,97592,97607,97609,97623,97625,97627,97692,97694,97704,97706,97724,97730,97737,97742,97816,97818,97835,97841,97846,97917,97919,97946,97963,97966,97971,97973,97980,97984,98051,98053,98068,98071,98124,98126,98134,98146,98148,98152,98157,98159,98208,98210,98218,98220,98265,98267,98277,98283,98291,98304,98310,98312,98341,98343,98361,98365,98368,98399,98401,98419,98423,98498,98500,98516,98523,98525,98530,98535,98541,98544,98548,98556,98563,98571,98573,98608],[10,97480,13,97482,18],{"id":97481},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97483,11439],{},[20,97485,97486,97489],{},[15,97487,97488],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97491,97492,97493,97496],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[984,97494,97495],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[43,97498,97500],{"className":45,"code":97499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97501,97502,97522,97532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97503,97504,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97505,59],{"class":58},[52,97507,63],{"class":62},[52,97509,67],{"class":66},[52,97511,71],{"class":70},[52,97513,74],{"class":66},[52,97515,77],{"class":70},[52,97517,74],{"class":66},[52,97519,104],{"class":70},[52,97521,80],{"class":66},[52,97523,97524,97526,97528,97530],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97525,86],{"class":58},[52,97527,89],{"class":66},[52,97529,11500],{"class":92},[52,97531,8764],{"class":66},[52,97533,97534,97536,97538,97540],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97535,119],{"class":118},[52,97537,122],{"class":66},[52,97539,86],{"class":92},[52,97541,127],{"class":66},[20,97543,2193],{},[43,97545,97547],{"className":45,"code":97546,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n",[15,97548,97549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97550,97551,97553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97552,6407],{"class":3020},[52,97554,8764],{"class":66},[20,97556,97557,97559],{},[15,97558,11439],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[38,97561,144,97563,147],{"id":97562},"what-setclear-does",[15,97564,97488],{},[20,97566,2100,97567,11530],{},[15,97568,11439],{},[154,97570,97571,97574,97576,97580],{},[157,97572,97573],{},"Removes every item from a set",[157,97575,162],{},[157,97577,1335,97578],{},[15,97579,445],{},[157,97581,97582],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97584,429,97585,71709],{},[30,97586,96425],{"href":97587},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[38,97589,268],{"id":267},[20,97591,54556],{},[43,97593,97595],{"className":45,"code":97594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97596,97597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97598,97599,97601,97603,97605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97600,281],{"class":58},[52,97602,89],{"class":66},[52,97604,11500],{"class":92},[52,97606,8764],{"class":66},[20,97608,13169],{},[154,97610,97611,97614,97617,97620],{},[157,97612,97613],{},"It takes no arguments",[157,97615,97616],{},"It empties the set",[157,97618,97619],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[157,97621,97622],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[38,97624,11592],{"id":11591},[20,97626,11595],{},[43,97628,97630],{"className":45,"code":97629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97631,97632,97664,97668,97678,97682],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97633,97634,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97635,181],{"class":58},[52,97637,63],{"class":62},[52,97639,67],{"class":66},[52,97641,189],{"class":188},[52,97643,193],{"class":192},[52,97645,189],{"class":188},[52,97647,74],{"class":66},[52,97649,200],{"class":188},[52,97651,231],{"class":192},[52,97653,189],{"class":188},[52,97655,74],{"class":66},[52,97657,200],{"class":188},[52,97659,203],{"class":192},[52,97661,189],{"class":188},[52,97663,80],{"class":66},[52,97665,97666],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97667,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97669,97670,97672,97674,97676],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97671,212],{"class":58},[52,97673,89],{"class":66},[52,97675,11500],{"class":92},[52,97677,8764],{"class":66},[52,97679,97680],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,97681,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97683,97684,97686,97688,97690],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,97685,119],{"class":118},[52,97687,122],{"class":66},[52,97689,212],{"class":92},[52,97691,127],{"class":66},[20,97693,2193],{},[43,97695,97696],{"className":45,"code":97546,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97697,97698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97699,97700,97702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97701,6407],{"class":3020},[52,97703,8764],{"class":66},[20,97705,656],{},[154,97707,97708,97713,97718],{},[157,97709,97710,97712],{},[15,97711,212],{}," starts with three values",[157,97714,97715,11813],{},[15,97716,97717],{},"colors.clear()",[157,97719,97720,97721,97723],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97722,3916],{},", which means an empty set",[38,97725,97727,97729],{"id":97726},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97728,11439],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97731,97732,668,97734,97736],{},[15,97733,11439],{},[15,97735,3916],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1324,97738,8538,97740],{"id":97739},"using-clear",[15,97741,11439],{},[43,97743,97745],{"className":45,"code":97744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97746,97747,97767,97777,97781,97791,97795,97805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97748,97749,97751,97753,97755,97757,97759,97761,97763,97765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97750,7897],{"class":58},[52,97752,63],{"class":62},[52,97754,67],{"class":66},[52,97756,71],{"class":70},[52,97758,74],{"class":66},[52,97760,77],{"class":70},[52,97762,74],{"class":66},[52,97764,104],{"class":70},[52,97766,80],{"class":66},[52,97768,97769,97772,97774],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97770,97771],{"class":58},"other_name ",[52,97773,63],{"class":62},[52,97775,97776],{"class":58}," items\n",[52,97778,97779],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97780,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97782,97783,97785,97787,97789],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,97784,7928],{"class":58},[52,97786,89],{"class":66},[52,97788,11500],{"class":92},[52,97790,8764],{"class":66},[52,97792,97793],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,97794,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97796,97797,97799,97801,97803],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,97798,119],{"class":118},[52,97800,122],{"class":66},[52,97802,7928],{"class":92},[52,97804,127],{"class":66},[52,97806,97807,97809,97811,97814],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,97808,119],{"class":118},[52,97810,122],{"class":66},[52,97812,97813],{"class":92},"other_name",[52,97815,127],{"class":66},[20,97817,2193],{},[43,97819,97821],{"className":45,"code":97820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97822,97823,97829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97824,97825,97827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97826,6407],{"class":3020},[52,97828,8764],{"class":66},[52,97830,97831,97833],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97832,6407],{"class":3020},[52,97834,8764],{"class":66},[20,97836,97837,97838,89],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[984,97839,97840],{},"same set object",[1324,97842,8538,97844],{"id":97843},"using-set",[15,97845,3916],{},[43,97847,97849],{"className":45,"code":97848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97850,97851,97871,97879,97883,97893,97897,97907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97852,97853,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865,97867,97869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97854,7897],{"class":58},[52,97856,63],{"class":62},[52,97858,67],{"class":66},[52,97860,71],{"class":70},[52,97862,74],{"class":66},[52,97864,77],{"class":70},[52,97866,74],{"class":66},[52,97868,104],{"class":70},[52,97870,80],{"class":66},[52,97872,97873,97875,97877],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97874,97771],{"class":58},[52,97876,63],{"class":62},[52,97878,97776],{"class":58},[52,97880,97881],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97882,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97884,97885,97887,97889,97891],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,97886,7897],{"class":58},[52,97888,63],{"class":62},[52,97890,15747],{"class":3020},[52,97892,8764],{"class":66},[52,97894,97895],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,97896,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,97898,97899,97901,97903,97905],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,97900,119],{"class":118},[52,97902,122],{"class":66},[52,97904,7928],{"class":92},[52,97906,127],{"class":66},[52,97908,97909,97911,97913,97915],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,97910,119],{"class":118},[52,97912,122],{"class":66},[52,97914,97813],{"class":92},[52,97916,127],{"class":66},[20,97918,2193],{},[43,97920,97922],{"className":45,"code":97921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97923,97924,97930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97925,97926,97928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97927,6407],{"class":3020},[52,97929,8764],{"class":66},[52,97931,97932,97934,97936,97938,97940,97942,97944],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,97933,9399],{"class":66},[52,97935,71],{"class":70},[52,97937,74],{"class":66},[52,97939,77],{"class":70},[52,97941,74],{"class":66},[52,97943,104],{"class":70},[52,97945,80],{"class":66},[20,97947,20882,97948,93195,97951,97954,97955,89,97957,97959,97960,97962],{},[15,97949,97950],{},"items = set()",[984,97952,97953],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97956,7928],{},[9965,97958],{},"\nBut ",[15,97961,97813],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97964,97965],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97967,97968,97969,89],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[30,97970,433],{"href":432},[38,97972,17533],{"id":17532},[20,97974,97975,982,97977,97979],{},[15,97976,11439],{},[984,97978,986],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97981,5266,97982,89],{},[15,97983,445],{},[43,97985,97987],{"className":45,"code":97986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97988,97989,98009,98013,98027,98031,98041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97990,97991,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005,98007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97992,59],{"class":58},[52,97994,63],{"class":62},[52,97996,67],{"class":66},[52,97998,71],{"class":70},[52,98000,74],{"class":66},[52,98002,77],{"class":70},[52,98004,74],{"class":66},[52,98006,104],{"class":70},[52,98008,80],{"class":66},[52,98010,98011],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98012,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,98014,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98016,474],{"class":58},[52,98018,63],{"class":62},[52,98020,479],{"class":58},[52,98022,89],{"class":66},[52,98024,11500],{"class":92},[52,98026,8764],{"class":66},[52,98028,98029],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,98030,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,98032,98033,98035,98037,98039],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,98034,119],{"class":118},[52,98036,122],{"class":66},[52,98038,507],{"class":92},[52,98040,127],{"class":66},[52,98042,98043,98045,98047,98049],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,98044,119],{"class":118},[52,98046,122],{"class":66},[52,98048,86],{"class":92},[52,98050,127],{"class":66},[20,98052,2193],{},[43,98054,98056],{"className":45,"code":98055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\nset()\n",[15,98057,98058,98062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98059,98060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98061,11924],{"class":3971},[52,98063,98064,98066],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98065,6407],{"class":3020},[52,98067,8764],{"class":66},[20,98069,98070],{},"Do not do this:",[43,98072,98074],{"className":45,"code":98073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98075,98076,98096,98110,98114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98077,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092,98094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98079,59],{"class":58},[52,98081,63],{"class":62},[52,98083,67],{"class":66},[52,98085,71],{"class":70},[52,98087,74],{"class":66},[52,98089,77],{"class":70},[52,98091,74],{"class":66},[52,98093,104],{"class":70},[52,98095,80],{"class":66},[52,98097,98098,98100,98102,98104,98106,98108],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98099,59],{"class":58},[52,98101,63],{"class":62},[52,98103,479],{"class":58},[52,98105,89],{"class":66},[52,98107,11500],{"class":92},[52,98109,8764],{"class":66},[52,98111,98112],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98113,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,98115,98116,98118,98120,98122],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,98117,119],{"class":118},[52,98119,122],{"class":66},[52,98121,86],{"class":92},[52,98123,127],{"class":66},[20,98125,2193],{},[43,98127,98128],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98129,98130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98131,98132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98133,11924],{"class":3971},[20,98135,22298,98136,442,98138,98140,98141,98143,98144,89],{},[15,98137,54669],{},[15,98139,445],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98142,445],{}," back to ",[15,98145,86],{},[38,98147,4636],{"id":4635},[20,98149,1530,98150,89],{},[15,98151,97488],{},[1324,98153,12711,98155],{"id":98154},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98156,11439],{},[20,98158,16757],{},[43,98160,98162],{"className":45,"code":98161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98163,98164,98184,98198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98165,98166,98168,98170,98172,98174,98176,98178,98180,98182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98167,1549],{"class":58},[52,98169,63],{"class":62},[52,98171,67],{"class":66},[52,98173,71],{"class":70},[52,98175,74],{"class":66},[52,98177,77],{"class":70},[52,98179,74],{"class":66},[52,98181,104],{"class":70},[52,98183,80],{"class":66},[52,98185,98186,98188,98190,98192,98194,98196],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98187,1549],{"class":58},[52,98189,63],{"class":62},[52,98191,1570],{"class":58},[52,98193,89],{"class":66},[52,98195,11500],{"class":92},[52,98197,8764],{"class":66},[52,98199,98200,98202,98204,98206],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98201,119],{"class":118},[52,98203,122],{"class":66},[52,98205,281],{"class":92},[52,98207,127],{"class":66},[20,98209,2193],{},[43,98211,98212],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98213,98214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98215,98216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98217,11924],{"class":3971},[20,98219,16769],{},[43,98221,98223],{"className":45,"code":98222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98224,98225,98245,98255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98226,98227,98229,98231,98233,98235,98237,98239,98241,98243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98228,1549],{"class":58},[52,98230,63],{"class":62},[52,98232,67],{"class":66},[52,98234,71],{"class":70},[52,98236,74],{"class":66},[52,98238,77],{"class":70},[52,98240,74],{"class":66},[52,98242,104],{"class":70},[52,98244,80],{"class":66},[52,98246,98247,98249,98251,98253],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98248,281],{"class":58},[52,98250,89],{"class":66},[52,98252,11500],{"class":92},[52,98254,8764],{"class":66},[52,98256,98257,98259,98261,98263],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98258,119],{"class":118},[52,98260,122],{"class":66},[52,98262,281],{"class":92},[52,98264,127],{"class":66},[20,98266,2193],{},[43,98268,98269],{"className":45,"code":97546,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98270,98271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98272,98273,98275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98274,6407],{"class":3020},[52,98276,8764],{"class":66},[1324,98278,8574,98280,98282],{"id":98279},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98281,11439],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98284,98285,98287,98288,98290],{},[15,98286,11439],{}," removes ",[984,98289,3836],{}," items from the set.",[20,98292,98293,98294,2996,98299,89],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[30,98295,98297],{"href":98296},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98298,55638],{},[30,98300,98302],{"href":98301},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98303,12879],{},[1324,98305,8538,98307,98309],{"id":98306},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98308,3911],{}," for an empty set",[20,98311,25800],{},[43,98313,98315],{"className":45,"code":98314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98316,98317,98326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98318,98319,98322,98324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98320,98321],{"class":58},"empty_value ",[52,98323,63],{"class":62},[52,98325,9957],{"class":66},[52,98327,98328,98330,98332,98334,98336,98339],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98329,119],{"class":118},[52,98331,122],{"class":66},[52,98333,3340],{"class":3020},[52,98335,122],{"class":66},[52,98337,98338],{"class":92},"empty_value",[52,98340,2150],{"class":66},[20,98342,2193],{},[43,98344,98345],{"className":45,"code":8930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98346,98347],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98348,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98350,3409],{"class":62},[52,98352,3412],{"class":2187},[52,98354,3415],{"class":188},[52,98356,8943],{"class":192},[52,98358,3420],{"class":188},[52,98360,3423],{"class":62},[20,98362,98363,8910],{},[15,98364,3911],{},[20,98366,98367],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[43,98369,98371],{"className":45,"code":98370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98372,98373,98384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98374,98375,98378,98380,98382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98376,98377],{"class":58},"empty_set ",[52,98379,63],{"class":62},[52,98381,15747],{"class":3020},[52,98383,8764],{"class":66},[52,98385,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98397],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98387,119],{"class":118},[52,98389,122],{"class":66},[52,98391,3340],{"class":3020},[52,98393,122],{"class":66},[52,98395,98396],{"class":92},"empty_set",[52,98398,2150],{"class":66},[20,98400,2193],{},[43,98402,98403],{"className":45,"code":8974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98404,98405],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98406,98407,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98408,3409],{"class":62},[52,98410,3412],{"class":2187},[52,98412,3415],{"class":188},[52,98414,6407],{"class":192},[52,98416,3420],{"class":188},[52,98418,3423],{"class":62},[1324,98420,98422],{"id":98421},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[43,98424,98426],{"className":45,"code":98425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98427,98428,98452,98460,98464,98474,98478,98488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98429,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98431,1347],{"class":58},[52,98433,63],{"class":62},[52,98435,67],{"class":66},[52,98437,189],{"class":188},[52,98439,930],{"class":192},[52,98441,189],{"class":188},[52,98443,74],{"class":66},[52,98445,200],{"class":188},[52,98447,11861],{"class":192},[52,98449,189],{"class":188},[52,98451,80],{"class":66},[52,98453,98454,98456,98458],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98455,1364],{"class":58},[52,98457,63],{"class":62},[52,98459,36283],{"class":58},[52,98461,98462],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98463,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,98465,98466,98468,98470,98472],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,98467,30],{"class":58},[52,98469,89],{"class":66},[52,98471,11500],{"class":92},[52,98473,8764],{"class":66},[52,98475,98476],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,98477,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,98479,98480,98482,98484,98486],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,98481,119],{"class":118},[52,98483,122],{"class":66},[52,98485,30],{"class":92},[52,98487,127],{"class":66},[52,98489,98490,98492,98494,98496],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,98491,119],{"class":118},[52,98493,122],{"class":66},[52,98495,1393],{"class":92},[52,98497,127],{"class":66},[20,98499,2193],{},[43,98501,98502],{"className":45,"code":97820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98503,98504,98510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98505,98506,98508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98507,6407],{"class":3020},[52,98509,8764],{"class":66},[52,98511,98512,98514],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98513,6407],{"class":3020},[52,98515,8764],{"class":66},[20,98517,29171,98518,668,98520,98522],{},[15,98519,30],{},[15,98521,1393],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[38,98524,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,98526,5260,98528,5263],{"id":98527},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98529,97488],{},[20,98531,5266,98532,98534],{},[15,98533,445],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1324,98536,1937,98538,98540],{"id":98537},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98539,11439],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98542,98543],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1324,98545,98547],{"id":98546},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98549,98550,98551,98553,98554,89],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98552,11439],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98555,3916],{},[1324,98557,1959,98559,668,98561,1964],{"id":98558},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98560,11439],{},[15,98562,3916],{},[20,98564,98565,98567,98568,98570],{},[15,98566,11439],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98569,3916],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[38,98572,1996],{"id":1995},[154,98574,98575,98579,98583,98589,98595,98601],{},[157,98576,98577],{},[30,98578,96425],{"href":97587},[157,98580,98581],{},[30,98582,2019],{"href":432},[157,98584,98585],{},[30,98586,96907,98587,10859],{"href":32},[15,98588,1086],{},[157,98590,98591],{},[30,98592,96907,98593,10859],{"href":98296},[15,98594,55638],{},[157,98596,98597],{},[30,98598,96907,98599,10859],{"href":98301},[15,98600,12879],{},[157,98602,98603],{},[30,98604,96907,98606,10859],{"href":98605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98607,17],{},[2044,98609,98610],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":98612},[98613,98615,98616,98617,98624,98625,98634,98643],{"id":97562,"depth":83,"text":98614},"What set.clear() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":97726,"depth":83,"text":98618,"children":98619},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98620,98622],{"id":97739,"depth":115,"text":98621},"Using clear()",{"id":97843,"depth":115,"text":98623},"Using set()",{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":98626},[98627,98629,98631,98633],{"id":98154,"depth":115,"text":98628},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98279,"depth":115,"text":98630},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98306,"depth":115,"text":98632},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98421,"depth":115,"text":98422},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":98635},[98636,98638,98640,98641],{"id":98527,"depth":115,"text":98637},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98537,"depth":115,"text":98639},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98546,"depth":115,"text":98547},{"id":98558,"depth":115,"text":98642},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97476,"description":98644},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98651,"title":98652,"body":98653,"description":100483,"extension":2083,"meta":100484,"navigation":240,"path":96428,"seo":100485,"stem":100486,"__hash__":100487},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98654,"toc":100440},[98655,98658,98661,98664,98666,98769,98773,98820,98826,98828,98847,98851,98854,98856,98870,98879,98883,98886,98921,98925,98945,98948,98952,98955,99016,99020,99045,99052,99058,99063,99065,99077,99081,99130,99134,99158,99164,99168,99209,99213,99234,99238,99271,99275,99316,99319,99323,99328,99367,99371,99396,99401,99407,99444,99448,99471,99475,99477,99480,99483,99560,99564,99601,99604,99608,99614,99617,99627,99676,99682,99688,99715,99718,99740,99742,99773,99776,99780,99784,99823,99827,99890,99893,99926,99930,99955,99957,99960,99966,99969,99996,99999,100017,100021,100025,100028,100071,100074,100078,100081,100084,100114,100117,100121,100124,100139,100144,100148,100151,100240,100242,100245,100335,100338,100356,100358,100362,100372,100376,100384,100388,100391,100395,100398,100402,100405,100407,100434,100437],[10,98656,98652],{"id":98657},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98659,98660],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98662,98663],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[38,98665,41],{"id":40},[43,98667,98669],{"className":45,"code":98668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98670,98671,98691,98725,98735,98739,98749,98759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98672,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687,98689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98674,59],{"class":58},[52,98676,63],{"class":62},[52,98678,67],{"class":66},[52,98680,71],{"class":70},[52,98682,74],{"class":66},[52,98684,77],{"class":70},[52,98686,74],{"class":66},[52,98688,104],{"class":70},[52,98690,80],{"class":66},[52,98692,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98694,1025],{"class":58},[52,98696,63],{"class":62},[52,98698,15747],{"class":3020},[52,98700,96],{"class":66},[52,98702,189],{"class":188},[52,98704,1125],{"class":192},[52,98706,189],{"class":188},[52,98708,74],{"class":66},[52,98710,200],{"class":188},[52,98712,1145],{"class":192},[52,98714,189],{"class":188},[52,98716,74],{"class":66},[52,98718,200],{"class":188},[52,98720,1125],{"class":192},[52,98722,189],{"class":188},[52,98724,112],{"class":66},[52,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98728,98377],{"class":58},[52,98730,63],{"class":62},[52,98732,15747],{"class":3020},[52,98734,8764],{"class":66},[52,98736,98737],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,98738,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,98740,98741,98743,98745,98747],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,98742,119],{"class":118},[52,98744,122],{"class":66},[52,98746,86],{"class":92},[52,98748,127],{"class":66},[52,98750,98751,98753,98755,98757],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,98752,119],{"class":118},[52,98754,122],{"class":66},[52,98756,1043],{"class":92},[52,98758,127],{"class":66},[52,98760,98761,98763,98765,98767],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,98762,119],{"class":118},[52,98764,122],{"class":66},[52,98766,98396],{"class":92},[52,98768,127],{"class":66},[20,98770,98771],{},[984,98772,2193],{},[43,98774,98776],{"className":45,"code":98775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98777,98778,98794,98814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98779,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98781,9399],{"class":66},[52,98783,71],{"class":70},[52,98785,74],{"class":66},[52,98787,77],{"class":70},[52,98789,74],{"class":66},[52,98791,104],{"class":70},[52,98793,80],{"class":66},[52,98795,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98797,9399],{"class":66},[52,98799,3420],{"class":188},[52,98801,1145],{"class":192},[52,98803,3420],{"class":188},[52,98805,74],{"class":66},[52,98807,3415],{"class":188},[52,98809,1125],{"class":192},[52,98811,3420],{"class":188},[52,98813,80],{"class":66},[52,98815,98816,98818],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98817,6407],{"class":3020},[52,98819,8764],{"class":66},[20,98821,98822,98823,98825],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98824,3916],{}," for an empty set.",[38,98827,15277],{"id":15276},[154,98829,98830,98833,98838,98841,98844],{},[157,98831,98832],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[157,98834,98835,98836],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98837,3916],{},[157,98839,98840],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[157,98842,98843],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[157,98845,98846],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[38,98848,98850],{"id":98849},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98852,98853],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98855,30649],{},[154,98857,98858,98861,98864,98867],{},[157,98859,98860],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[157,98862,98863],{},"Sets are unordered",[157,98865,98866],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[157,98868,98869],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98871,98872,98873,2996,98875,89],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[30,98874,96425],{"href":97587},[30,98876,98878],{"href":98877},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[38,98880,98882],{"id":98881},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98884,98885],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[43,98887,98889],{"className":45,"code":98888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98890,98891,98911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98892,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98894,59],{"class":58},[52,98896,63],{"class":62},[52,98898,67],{"class":66},[52,98900,71],{"class":70},[52,98902,74],{"class":66},[52,98904,77],{"class":70},[52,98906,74],{"class":66},[52,98908,104],{"class":70},[52,98910,80],{"class":66},[52,98912,98913,98915,98917,98919],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98914,119],{"class":118},[52,98916,122],{"class":66},[52,98918,86],{"class":92},[52,98920,127],{"class":66},[20,98922,98923],{},[984,98924,30140],{},[43,98926,98927],{"className":45,"code":96703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98928,98929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98930,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98932,9399],{"class":66},[52,98934,71],{"class":70},[52,98936,74],{"class":66},[52,98938,77],{"class":70},[52,98940,74],{"class":66},[52,98942,104],{"class":70},[52,98944,80],{"class":66},[20,98946,98947],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1324,98949,98951],{"id":98950},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98953,98954],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[43,98956,98958],{"className":45,"code":98957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98959,98960,98992,99002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98961,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98963,59],{"class":58},[52,98965,63],{"class":62},[52,98967,67],{"class":66},[52,98969,71],{"class":70},[52,98971,74],{"class":66},[52,98973,77],{"class":70},[52,98975,74],{"class":66},[52,98977,77],{"class":70},[52,98979,74],{"class":66},[52,98981,104],{"class":70},[52,98983,74],{"class":66},[52,98985,104],{"class":70},[52,98987,74],{"class":66},[52,98989,104],{"class":70},[52,98991,80],{"class":66},[52,98993,98994,98996,98998,99000],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,98995,119],{"class":118},[52,98997,122],{"class":66},[52,98999,86],{"class":92},[52,99001,127],{"class":66},[52,99003,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99005,119],{"class":118},[52,99007,122],{"class":66},[52,99009,11279],{"class":118},[52,99011,122],{"class":66},[52,99013,86],{"class":92},[52,99015,2150],{"class":66},[20,99017,99018],{},[984,99019,30140],{},[43,99021,99023],{"className":45,"code":99022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99024,99025,99041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99026,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99028,9399],{"class":66},[52,99030,71],{"class":70},[52,99032,74],{"class":66},[52,99034,77],{"class":70},[52,99036,74],{"class":66},[52,99038,104],{"class":70},[52,99040,80],{"class":66},[52,99042,99043],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99044,46724],{"class":70},[20,99046,260,99047,668,99049,99051],{},[15,99048,99],{},[15,99050,488],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[38,99053,99055,99056],{"id":99054},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99057,3916],{},[20,99059,137,99060,99062],{},[15,99061,3916],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99064,5575],{},[154,99066,99067,99069,99071,99073],{},[157,99068,97179],{},[157,99070,96479],{},[157,99072,56574],{},[157,99074,99075],{},[15,99076,36306],{},[1324,99078,99080],{"id":99079},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[43,99082,99084],{"className":45,"code":99083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99085,99086,99120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99087,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99089,59],{"class":58},[52,99091,63],{"class":62},[52,99093,15747],{"class":3020},[52,99095,96],{"class":66},[52,99097,71],{"class":70},[52,99099,74],{"class":66},[52,99101,77],{"class":70},[52,99103,74],{"class":66},[52,99105,77],{"class":70},[52,99107,74],{"class":66},[52,99109,104],{"class":70},[52,99111,74],{"class":66},[52,99113,104],{"class":70},[52,99115,74],{"class":66},[52,99117,109],{"class":70},[52,99119,112],{"class":66},[52,99121,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99123,119],{"class":118},[52,99125,122],{"class":66},[52,99127,86],{"class":92},[52,99129,127],{"class":66},[20,99131,99132],{},[984,99133,30140],{},[43,99135,99136],{"className":45,"code":96370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99137,99138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99139,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99141,9399],{"class":66},[52,99143,71],{"class":70},[52,99145,74],{"class":66},[52,99147,77],{"class":70},[52,99149,74],{"class":66},[52,99151,104],{"class":70},[52,99153,74],{"class":66},[52,99155,109],{"class":70},[52,99157,80],{"class":66},[20,99159,99160,99161,89],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[30,99162,99163],{"href":683},"how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1324,99165,99167],{"id":99166},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[43,99169,99171],{"className":45,"code":99170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99172,99173,99199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99174,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193,99195,99197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99176,357],{"class":58},[52,99178,63],{"class":62},[52,99180,15747],{"class":3020},[52,99182,5629],{"class":66},[52,99184,2452],{"class":70},[52,99186,74],{"class":66},[52,99188,7908],{"class":70},[52,99190,74],{"class":66},[52,99192,7908],{"class":70},[52,99194,74],{"class":66},[52,99196,7913],{"class":70},[52,99198,2150],{"class":66},[52,99200,99201,99203,99205,99207],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99202,119],{"class":118},[52,99204,122],{"class":66},[52,99206,370],{"class":92},[52,99208,127],{"class":66},[20,99210,99211],{},[984,99212,30140],{},[43,99214,99216],{"className":45,"code":99215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99217,99218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99219,99220,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99221,9399],{"class":66},[52,99223,2452],{"class":70},[52,99225,74],{"class":66},[52,99227,7908],{"class":70},[52,99229,74],{"class":66},[52,99231,7913],{"class":70},[52,99233,80],{"class":66},[1324,99235,99237],{"id":99236},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[43,99239,99241],{"className":45,"code":99240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99242,99243,99261],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99244,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99246,921],{"class":58},[52,99248,63],{"class":62},[52,99250,15747],{"class":3020},[52,99252,122],{"class":66},[52,99254,189],{"class":188},[52,99256,3964],{"class":192},[52,99258,189],{"class":188},[52,99260,127],{"class":66},[52,99262,99263,99265,99267,99269],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99264,119],{"class":118},[52,99266,122],{"class":66},[52,99268,939],{"class":92},[52,99270,127],{"class":66},[20,99272,99273],{},[984,99274,30140],{},[43,99276,99278],{"className":45,"code":99277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99279,99280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99281,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99283,9399],{"class":66},[52,99285,3420],{"class":188},[52,99287,60547],{"class":192},[52,99289,3420],{"class":188},[52,99291,74],{"class":66},[52,99293,3415],{"class":188},[52,99295,60556],{"class":192},[52,99297,3420],{"class":188},[52,99299,74],{"class":66},[52,99301,3415],{"class":188},[52,99303,60565],{"class":192},[52,99305,3420],{"class":188},[52,99307,74],{"class":66},[52,99309,3415],{"class":188},[52,99311,60582],{"class":192},[52,99313,3420],{"class":188},[52,99315,80],{"class":66},[20,99317,99318],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[38,99320,99322],{"id":99321},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99324,99325,99326,89],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99327,3916],{},[43,99329,99331],{"className":45,"code":99330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99332,99333,99343,99353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99336,98377],{"class":58},[52,99338,63],{"class":62},[52,99340,15747],{"class":3020},[52,99342,8764],{"class":66},[52,99344,99345,99347,99349,99351],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99346,119],{"class":118},[52,99348,122],{"class":66},[52,99350,98396],{"class":92},[52,99352,127],{"class":66},[52,99354,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99356,119],{"class":118},[52,99358,122],{"class":66},[52,99360,3340],{"class":3020},[52,99362,122],{"class":66},[52,99364,98396],{"class":92},[52,99366,2150],{"class":66},[20,99368,99369],{},[984,99370,2193],{},[43,99372,99374],{"className":45,"code":99373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99375,99376,99382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99377,99378,99380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99379,6407],{"class":3020},[52,99381,8764],{"class":66},[52,99383,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99385,3409],{"class":62},[52,99387,3412],{"class":2187},[52,99389,3415],{"class":188},[52,99391,6407],{"class":192},[52,99393,3420],{"class":188},[52,99395,3423],{"class":62},[1324,99397,44538,99399],{"id":99398},"do-not-use",[15,99400,3911],{},[20,99402,99403,99404,99406],{},"Empty braces do ",[984,99405,986],{}," create a set.",[43,99408,99410],{"className":45,"code":99409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99411,99412,99420,99430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99413,99414,99416,99418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99415,98321],{"class":58},[52,99417,63],{"class":62},[52,99419,9957],{"class":66},[52,99421,99422,99424,99426,99428],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99423,119],{"class":118},[52,99425,122],{"class":66},[52,99427,98338],{"class":92},[52,99429,127],{"class":66},[52,99431,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99433,119],{"class":118},[52,99435,122],{"class":66},[52,99437,3340],{"class":3020},[52,99439,122],{"class":66},[52,99441,98338],{"class":92},[52,99443,2150],{"class":66},[20,99445,99446],{},[984,99447,2193],{},[43,99449,99451],{"className":45,"code":99450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99452,99453,99457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99454,99455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99456,9555],{"class":66},[52,99458,99459,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99460,3409],{"class":62},[52,99462,3412],{"class":2187},[52,99464,3415],{"class":188},[52,99466,8943],{"class":192},[52,99468,3420],{"class":188},[52,99470,3423],{"class":62},[20,99472,99473,8910],{},[15,99474,3911],{},[38,99476,72373],{"id":72372},[20,99478,99479],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99481,99482],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[43,99484,99486],{"className":45,"code":99485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99487,99488,99536,99546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99489,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99491,1025],{"class":58},[52,99493,63],{"class":62},[52,99495,67],{"class":66},[52,99497,189],{"class":188},[52,99499,1125],{"class":192},[52,99501,189],{"class":188},[52,99503,74],{"class":66},[52,99505,200],{"class":188},[52,99507,1145],{"class":192},[52,99509,189],{"class":188},[52,99511,74],{"class":66},[52,99513,200],{"class":188},[52,99515,1125],{"class":192},[52,99517,189],{"class":188},[52,99519,74],{"class":66},[52,99521,200],{"class":188},[52,99523,1125],{"class":192},[52,99525,189],{"class":188},[52,99527,74],{"class":66},[52,99529,200],{"class":188},[52,99531,1216],{"class":192},[52,99533,189],{"class":188},[52,99535,80],{"class":66},[52,99537,99538,99540,99542,99544],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99539,119],{"class":118},[52,99541,122],{"class":66},[52,99543,1043],{"class":92},[52,99545,127],{"class":66},[52,99547,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99549,119],{"class":118},[52,99551,122],{"class":66},[52,99553,11279],{"class":118},[52,99555,122],{"class":66},[52,99557,1043],{"class":92},[52,99559,2150],{"class":66},[20,99561,99562],{},[984,99563,30140],{},[43,99565,99567],{"className":45,"code":99566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99568,99569,99597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99570,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99572,9399],{"class":66},[52,99574,3420],{"class":188},[52,99576,1145],{"class":192},[52,99578,3420],{"class":188},[52,99580,74],{"class":66},[52,99582,3415],{"class":188},[52,99584,1216],{"class":192},[52,99586,3420],{"class":188},[52,99588,74],{"class":66},[52,99590,3415],{"class":188},[52,99592,1125],{"class":192},[52,99594,3420],{"class":188},[52,99596,80],{"class":66},[52,99598,99599],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99600,46724],{"class":70},[20,99602,99603],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[38,99605,99607],{"id":99606},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99609,99610,99611,99613],{},"Set items must be ",[984,99612,96467],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99615,99616],{},"These usually work:",[154,99618,99619,99621,99623,99625],{},[157,99620,56571],{},[157,99622,56574],{},[157,99624,96479],{},[157,99626,40702],{},[43,99628,99630],{"className":45,"code":99629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99631,99632,99666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99633,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99635,357],{"class":58},[52,99637,63],{"class":62},[52,99639,67],{"class":66},[52,99641,71],{"class":70},[52,99643,74],{"class":66},[52,99645,200],{"class":188},[52,99647,1125],{"class":192},[52,99649,189],{"class":188},[52,99651,74],{"class":66},[52,99653,388],{"class":66},[52,99655,2452],{"class":70},[52,99657,74],{"class":66},[52,99659,7908],{"class":70},[52,99661,399],{"class":66},[52,99663,4036],{"class":3971},[52,99665,80],{"class":66},[52,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99669,119],{"class":118},[52,99671,122],{"class":66},[52,99673,370],{"class":92},[52,99675,127],{"class":66},[20,99677,99678,99679,99681],{},"These do ",[984,99680,986],{}," work directly:",[154,99683,99684,99686],{},[157,99685,97179],{},[157,99687,97182],{},[43,99689,99691],{"className":45,"code":99690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99692,99693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99694,99695,99698,99700,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99696,99697],{"class":58},"bad_set ",[52,99699,63],{"class":62},[52,99701,99702],{"class":66}," {[",[52,99704,71],{"class":70},[52,99706,74],{"class":66},[52,99708,77],{"class":70},[52,99710,74],{"class":66},[52,99712,104],{"class":70},[52,99714,13821],{"class":66},[20,99716,99717],{},"This raises an error:",[43,99719,99720],{"className":45,"code":97238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99721,99722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99723,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99725,1713],{"class":3020},[52,99727,152],{"class":66},[52,99729,97249],{"class":58},[52,99731,3340],{"class":3020},[52,99733,152],{"class":66},[52,99735,3415],{"class":188},[52,99737,8213],{"class":192},[52,99739,29810],{"class":188},[20,99741,52189],{},[43,99743,99745],{"className":45,"code":99744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99746,99747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99748,99749,99751,99753,99756,99758,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99750,99697],{"class":58},[52,99752,63],{"class":62},[52,99754,99755],{"class":66}," {{",[52,99757,189],{"class":188},[52,99759,7786],{"class":192},[52,99761,189],{"class":188},[52,99763,152],{"class":66},[52,99765,200],{"class":188},[52,99767,7795],{"class":192},[52,99769,189],{"class":188},[52,99771,99772],{"class":66},"}}\n",[20,99774,99775],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,99777,99779],{"id":99778},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1324,99781,99783],{"id":99782},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[43,99785,99787],{"className":45,"code":99786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99788,99789,99813],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99790,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807,99809,99811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99792,59],{"class":58},[52,99794,63],{"class":62},[52,99796,67],{"class":66},[52,99798,71],{"class":70},[52,99800,74],{"class":66},[52,99802,77],{"class":70},[52,99804,74],{"class":66},[52,99806,104],{"class":70},[52,99808,74],{"class":66},[52,99810,109],{"class":70},[52,99812,80],{"class":66},[52,99814,99815,99817,99819,99821],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99816,119],{"class":118},[52,99818,122],{"class":66},[52,99820,86],{"class":92},[52,99822,127],{"class":66},[1324,99824,99826],{"id":99825},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[43,99828,99830],{"className":45,"code":99829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99831,99832,99860,99875,99879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99833,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99835,7897],{"class":58},[52,99837,63],{"class":62},[52,99839,3743],{"class":66},[52,99841,71],{"class":70},[52,99843,74],{"class":66},[52,99845,5616],{"class":70},[52,99847,74],{"class":66},[52,99849,77],{"class":70},[52,99851,74],{"class":66},[52,99853,104],{"class":70},[52,99855,74],{"class":66},[52,99857,104],{"class":70},[52,99859,3756],{"class":66},[52,99861,99862,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99863,99864],{"class":58},"unique_items ",[52,99866,63],{"class":62},[52,99868,15747],{"class":3020},[52,99870,122],{"class":66},[52,99872,7928],{"class":92},[52,99874,127],{"class":66},[52,99876,99877],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99878,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,99880,99881,99883,99885,99888],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,99882,119],{"class":118},[52,99884,122],{"class":66},[52,99886,99887],{"class":92},"unique_items",[52,99889,127],{"class":66},[1324,99891,99237],{"id":99892},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[43,99894,99896],{"className":45,"code":99895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99897,99898,99916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99899,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912,99914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99901,921],{"class":58},[52,99903,63],{"class":62},[52,99905,15747],{"class":3020},[52,99907,122],{"class":66},[52,99909,189],{"class":188},[52,99911,1145],{"class":192},[52,99913,189],{"class":188},[52,99915,127],{"class":66},[52,99917,99918,99920,99922,99924],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99919,119],{"class":118},[52,99921,122],{"class":66},[52,99923,939],{"class":92},[52,99925,127],{"class":66},[1324,99927,99929],{"id":99928},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[43,99931,99933],{"className":45,"code":99932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99934,99935,99945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99936,99937,99939,99941,99943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99938,98377],{"class":58},[52,99940,63],{"class":62},[52,99942,15747],{"class":3020},[52,99944,8764],{"class":66},[52,99946,99947,99949,99951,99953],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99948,119],{"class":118},[52,99950,122],{"class":66},[52,99952,98396],{"class":92},[52,99954,127],{"class":66},[38,99956,2948],{"id":2947},[20,99958,99959],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1324,99961,8538,99963,99965],{"id":99962},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99964,3911],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99967,99968],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[43,99970,99972],{"className":45,"code":99971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99973,99974,99982],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99975,99976,99978,99980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99977,2568],{"class":58},[52,99979,63],{"class":62},[52,99981,9957],{"class":66},[52,99983,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,99985,119],{"class":118},[52,99987,122],{"class":66},[52,99989,3340],{"class":3020},[52,99991,122],{"class":66},[52,99993,2593],{"class":92},[52,99995,2150],{"class":66},[20,99997,99998],{},"This prints:",[43,100000,100001],{"className":45,"code":8930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100002,100003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100004,100005,100007,100009,100011,100013,100015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100006,3409],{"class":62},[52,100008,3412],{"class":2187},[52,100010,3415],{"class":188},[52,100012,8943],{"class":192},[52,100014,3420],{"class":188},[52,100016,3423],{"class":62},[20,100018,137,100019,1311],{},[15,100020,3916],{},[1324,100022,100024],{"id":100023},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100026,100027],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[43,100029,100031],{"className":45,"code":100030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100032,100033,100061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100034,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100036,59],{"class":58},[52,100038,63],{"class":62},[52,100040,67],{"class":66},[52,100042,71],{"class":70},[52,100044,74],{"class":66},[52,100046,5616],{"class":70},[52,100048,74],{"class":66},[52,100050,77],{"class":70},[52,100052,74],{"class":66},[52,100054,77],{"class":70},[52,100056,74],{"class":66},[52,100058,104],{"class":70},[52,100060,80],{"class":66},[52,100062,100063,100065,100067,100069],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100064,119],{"class":118},[52,100066,122],{"class":66},[52,100068,86],{"class":92},[52,100070,127],{"class":66},[20,100072,100073],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1324,100075,100077],{"id":100076},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100079,100080],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100082,100083],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[43,100085,100087],{"className":45,"code":100086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100088,100089,100109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100090,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100092,59],{"class":58},[52,100094,63],{"class":62},[52,100096,67],{"class":66},[52,100098,2452],{"class":70},[52,100100,74],{"class":66},[52,100102,7908],{"class":70},[52,100104,74],{"class":66},[52,100106,7913],{"class":70},[52,100108,80],{"class":66},[52,100110,100111],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100112,100113],{"class":133},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100115,100116],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1324,100118,100120],{"id":100119},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100122,100123],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[43,100125,100127],{"className":45,"code":100126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100128,100129,100134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100130,100131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100132,100133],{"class":133},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[52,100135,100136],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100137,100138],{"class":133},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100140,100141,100142,89],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100143,1713],{},[1324,100145,100147],{"id":100146},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100149,100150],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[43,100152,100154],{"className":45,"code":100153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100155,100156,100176,100208,100212,100226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100157,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100159,1549],{"class":58},[52,100161,63],{"class":62},[52,100163,67],{"class":66},[52,100165,71],{"class":70},[52,100167,74],{"class":66},[52,100169,77],{"class":70},[52,100171,74],{"class":66},[52,100173,104],{"class":70},[52,100175,80],{"class":66},[52,100177,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100179,11840],{"class":58},[52,100181,63],{"class":62},[52,100183,67],{"class":66},[52,100185,189],{"class":188},[52,100187,30],{"class":192},[52,100189,189],{"class":188},[52,100191,152],{"class":66},[52,100193,5616],{"class":70},[52,100195,74],{"class":66},[52,100197,200],{"class":188},[52,100199,1393],{"class":192},[52,100201,189],{"class":188},[52,100203,152],{"class":66},[52,100205,77],{"class":70},[52,100207,80],{"class":66},[52,100209,100210],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100211,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,100213,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,100215,119],{"class":118},[52,100217,122],{"class":66},[52,100219,3340],{"class":3020},[52,100221,122],{"class":66},[52,100223,281],{"class":92},[52,100225,2150],{"class":66},[52,100227,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,100229,119],{"class":118},[52,100231,122],{"class":66},[52,100233,3340],{"class":3020},[52,100235,122],{"class":66},[52,100237,11566],{"class":92},[52,100239,2150],{"class":66},[38,100241,92886],{"id":92885},[20,100243,100244],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[43,100246,100248],{"className":45,"code":100247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100249,100250,100276,100280,100294,100304,100318,100325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100251,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100253,1549],{"class":58},[52,100255,63],{"class":62},[52,100257,15747],{"class":3020},[52,100259,96],{"class":66},[52,100261,71],{"class":70},[52,100263,74],{"class":66},[52,100265,77],{"class":70},[52,100267,74],{"class":66},[52,100269,77],{"class":70},[52,100271,74],{"class":66},[52,100273,104],{"class":70},[52,100275,112],{"class":66},[52,100277,100278],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100279,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,100281,100282,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100283,119],{"class":118},[52,100285,122],{"class":66},[52,100287,3340],{"class":3020},[52,100289,122],{"class":66},[52,100291,281],{"class":92},[52,100293,2150],{"class":66},[52,100295,100296,100298,100300,100302],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,100297,119],{"class":118},[52,100299,122],{"class":66},[52,100301,281],{"class":92},[52,100303,127],{"class":66},[52,100305,100306,100308,100310,100312,100314,100316],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,100307,119],{"class":118},[52,100309,122],{"class":66},[52,100311,11279],{"class":118},[52,100313,122],{"class":66},[52,100315,281],{"class":92},[52,100317,2150],{"class":66},[52,100319,100320,100322],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,100321,119],{"class":118},[52,100323,100324],{"class":66},"({})\n",[52,100326,100327,100329,100331,100333],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,100328,119],{"class":118},[52,100330,122],{"class":66},[52,100332,6407],{"class":3020},[52,100334,7312],{"class":66},[20,100336,100337],{},"Use these to confirm:",[154,100339,100340,100343,100346,100349],{},[157,100341,100342],{},"The object type",[157,100344,100345],{},"The actual values stored",[157,100347,100348],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[157,100350,100351,100352,668,100354],{},"The difference between ",[15,100353,3911],{},[15,100355,3916],{},[38,100357,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,100359,100361],{"id":100360},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100363,100364,100365,100368,100369,100371],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100366,100367],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100370,3916],{}," with another iterable.",[1324,100373,100375],{"id":100374},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100377,137,100378,100380,100381,100383],{},[15,100379,3916],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100382,3911],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1324,100385,100387],{"id":100386},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100389,100390],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1324,100392,100394],{"id":100393},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100396,100397],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1324,100399,100401],{"id":100400},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100403,100404],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[38,100406,1996],{"id":1995},[154,100408,100409,100413,100419,100425,100429],{},[157,100410,100411],{},[30,100412,96425],{"href":97587},[157,100414,100415],{},[30,100416,3697,100417,10859],{"href":32},[15,100418,35],{},[157,100420,100421],{},[30,100422,3697,100423,10859],{"href":98605},[15,100424,24],{},[157,100426,100427],{},[30,100428,2026],{"href":683},[157,100430,100431],{},[30,100432,100433],{"href":98877},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100435,100436],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2044,100438,100439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":100441},[100442,100443,100444,100445,100448,100454,100458,100459,100460,100466,100474,100475,100482],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":15276,"depth":83,"text":15277},{"id":98849,"depth":83,"text":98850},{"id":98881,"depth":83,"text":98882,"children":100446},[100447],{"id":98950,"depth":115,"text":98951},{"id":99054,"depth":83,"text":100449,"children":100450},"Create a set with set()",[100451,100452,100453],{"id":99079,"depth":115,"text":99080},{"id":99166,"depth":115,"text":99167},{"id":99236,"depth":115,"text":99237},{"id":99321,"depth":83,"text":99322,"children":100455},[100456],{"id":99398,"depth":115,"text":100457},"Do not use {}",{"id":72372,"depth":83,"text":72373},{"id":99606,"depth":83,"text":99607},{"id":99778,"depth":83,"text":99779,"children":100461},[100462,100463,100464,100465],{"id":99782,"depth":115,"text":99783},{"id":99825,"depth":115,"text":99826},{"id":99892,"depth":115,"text":99237},{"id":99928,"depth":115,"text":99929},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":100467},[100468,100470,100471,100472,100473],{"id":99962,"depth":115,"text":100469},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100023,"depth":115,"text":100024},{"id":100076,"depth":115,"text":100077},{"id":100119,"depth":115,"text":100120},{"id":100146,"depth":115,"text":100147},{"id":92885,"depth":83,"text":92886},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":100476},[100477,100478,100479,100480,100481],{"id":100360,"depth":115,"text":100361},{"id":100374,"depth":115,"text":100375},{"id":100386,"depth":115,"text":100387},{"id":100393,"depth":115,"text":100394},{"id":100400,"depth":115,"text":100401},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98652,"description":100483},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100489,"title":100490,"body":100491,"description":102918,"extension":2083,"meta":102919,"navigation":240,"path":102920,"seo":102921,"stem":102922,"__hash__":102923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100492,"toc":102883},[100493,100499,100505,100508,100510,100587,100589,100606,100616,100618,100623,100631,100633,100649,100653,100655,100657,100660,100681,100684,100708,100714,100716,100813,100815,100832,100842,100844,100846,100854,100856,100867,100869,100960,100962,100986,100997,100999,101001,101004,101134,101136,101209,101211,101232,101235,101237,101243,101248,101251,101378,101380,101397,101400,101402,101410,101413,101417,101423,101514,101516,101553,101558,101565,101642,101644,101660,101665,101670,101672,101681,101689,101770,101772,101801,101804,101808,101819,101822,101905,101907,101928,101934,101936,101938,101942,101946,101953,102018,102020,102040,102043,102112,102114,102130,102134,102140,102152,102160,102162,102247,102249,102278,102281,102285,102290,102292,102342,102345,102426,102428,102444,102448,102451,102526,102529,102533,102536,102613,102615,102648,102654,102658,102661,102796,102798,102812,102814,102816,102822,102825,102832,102840,102846,102849,102853,102856,102858,102860,102880],[10,100494,13,100496,18],{"id":100495},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100497,100498],{},"difference()",[20,100500,100501,100504],{},[15,100502,100503],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100506,100507],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[38,100509,41],{"id":40},[43,100511,100513],{"className":45,"code":100512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100514,100515,100539,100559,100577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100516,100517,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100518,1347],{"class":58},[52,100520,63],{"class":62},[52,100522,67],{"class":66},[52,100524,71],{"class":70},[52,100526,74],{"class":66},[52,100528,77],{"class":70},[52,100530,74],{"class":66},[52,100532,104],{"class":70},[52,100534,74],{"class":66},[52,100536,109],{"class":70},[52,100538,80],{"class":66},[52,100540,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100542,1364],{"class":58},[52,100544,63],{"class":62},[52,100546,67],{"class":66},[52,100548,488],{"class":70},[52,100550,74],{"class":66},[52,100552,109],{"class":70},[52,100554,74],{"class":66},[52,100556,396],{"class":70},[52,100558,80],{"class":66},[52,100560,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100562,474],{"class":58},[52,100564,63],{"class":62},[52,100566,1472],{"class":58},[52,100568,89],{"class":66},[52,100570,2929],{"class":92},[52,100572,122],{"class":66},[52,100574,1393],{"class":92},[52,100576,127],{"class":66},[52,100578,100579,100581,100583,100585],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,100580,119],{"class":118},[52,100582,122],{"class":66},[52,100584,507],{"class":92},[52,100586,127],{"class":66},[20,100588,2193],{},[43,100590,100592],{"className":45,"code":100591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100593,100594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100595,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100597,9399],{"class":66},[52,100599,71],{"class":70},[52,100601,74],{"class":66},[52,100603,77],{"class":70},[52,100605,80],{"class":66},[20,100607,100608,100610,100611,100613,100614,89],{},[15,100609,100498],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100612,30],{}," that are not in ",[15,100615,1393],{},[45025,100617],{},[38,100619,144,100621,147],{"id":100620},"what-difference-does",[15,100622,100498],{},[20,100624,2100,100625,100627,100628,100630],{},[15,100626,100498],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[984,100629,986],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100632,13169],{},[154,100634,100635,100640,100643,100646],{},[157,100636,100637,100639],{},[15,100638,100498],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[157,100641,100642],{},"It creates a new set",[157,100644,100645],{},"It does not change the original set",[157,100647,100648],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100650,429,100651,89],{},[30,100652,96425],{"href":97587},[45025,100654],{},[38,100656,268],{"id":267},[20,100658,100659],{},"Use this form:",[43,100661,100663],{"className":45,"code":100662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100664,100665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100666,100667,100670,100672,100674,100676,100679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100668,100669],{"class":58},"set1",[52,100671,89],{"class":66},[52,100673,2929],{"class":92},[52,100675,122],{"class":66},[52,100677,100678],{"class":92},"set2",[52,100680,127],{"class":66},[20,100682,100683],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[43,100685,100687],{"className":45,"code":100686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100688,100689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100690,100691,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100692,100669],{"class":58},[52,100694,89],{"class":66},[52,100696,2929],{"class":92},[52,100698,122],{"class":66},[52,100700,100678],{"class":92},[52,100702,74],{"class":66},[52,100704,100705],{"class":92}," set3",[52,100707,127],{"class":66},[20,100709,100710,100711,100713],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[984,100712,5472],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100715,347],{},[43,100717,100719],{"className":45,"code":100718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100720,100721,100749,100765,100777,100781,100803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100722,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100724,1347],{"class":58},[52,100726,63],{"class":62},[52,100728,67],{"class":66},[52,100730,71],{"class":70},[52,100732,74],{"class":66},[52,100734,77],{"class":70},[52,100736,74],{"class":66},[52,100738,104],{"class":70},[52,100740,74],{"class":66},[52,100742,109],{"class":70},[52,100744,74],{"class":66},[52,100746,396],{"class":70},[52,100748,80],{"class":66},[52,100750,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100752,1364],{"class":58},[52,100754,63],{"class":62},[52,100756,67],{"class":66},[52,100758,99],{"class":70},[52,100760,74],{"class":66},[52,100762,104],{"class":70},[52,100764,80],{"class":66},[52,100766,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100768,1467],{"class":58},[52,100770,63],{"class":62},[52,100772,67],{"class":66},[52,100774,1705],{"class":70},[52,100776,80],{"class":66},[52,100778,100779],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,100780,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,100782,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,100784,474],{"class":58},[52,100786,63],{"class":62},[52,100788,1472],{"class":58},[52,100790,89],{"class":66},[52,100792,2929],{"class":92},[52,100794,122],{"class":66},[52,100796,1393],{"class":92},[52,100798,74],{"class":66},[52,100800,342],{"class":92},[52,100802,127],{"class":66},[52,100804,100805,100807,100809,100811],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,100806,119],{"class":118},[52,100808,122],{"class":66},[52,100810,507],{"class":92},[52,100812,127],{"class":66},[20,100814,2193],{},[43,100816,100818],{"className":45,"code":100817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100819,100820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100821,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100823,9399],{"class":66},[52,100825,71],{"class":70},[52,100827,74],{"class":66},[52,100829,109],{"class":70},[52,100831,80],{"class":66},[20,100833,100834,100835,100837,100838,2996,100840,89],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100836,30],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100839,1393],{},[15,100841,1491],{},[45025,100843],{},[38,100845,17533],{"id":17532},[20,100847,100848,100850,100851,89],{},[15,100849,100498],{}," always returns a ",[984,100852,100853],{},"new set",[20,100855,43759],{},[154,100857,100858,100861,100864],{},[157,100859,100860],{},"The return value is a new set",[157,100862,100863],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[157,100865,100866],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100868,347],{},[43,100870,100872],{"className":45,"code":100871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100873,100874,100890,100910,100914,100932,100936,100946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100875,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100877,1347],{"class":58},[52,100879,63],{"class":62},[52,100881,67],{"class":66},[52,100883,71],{"class":70},[52,100885,74],{"class":66},[52,100887,77],{"class":70},[52,100889,80],{"class":66},[52,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100893,1364],{"class":58},[52,100895,63],{"class":62},[52,100897,67],{"class":66},[52,100899,71],{"class":70},[52,100901,74],{"class":66},[52,100903,77],{"class":70},[52,100905,74],{"class":66},[52,100907,104],{"class":70},[52,100909,80],{"class":66},[52,100911,100912],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100913,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,100915,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,100917,474],{"class":58},[52,100919,63],{"class":62},[52,100921,1472],{"class":58},[52,100923,89],{"class":66},[52,100925,2929],{"class":92},[52,100927,122],{"class":66},[52,100929,1393],{"class":92},[52,100931,127],{"class":66},[52,100933,100934],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,100935,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,100937,100938,100940,100942,100944],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,100939,119],{"class":118},[52,100941,122],{"class":66},[52,100943,507],{"class":92},[52,100945,127],{"class":66},[52,100947,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,100949,119],{"class":118},[52,100951,122],{"class":66},[52,100953,3340],{"class":3020},[52,100955,122],{"class":66},[52,100957,507],{"class":92},[52,100959,2150],{"class":66},[20,100961,2193],{},[43,100963,100964],{"className":45,"code":99373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100965,100966,100972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100967,100968,100970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100969,6407],{"class":3020},[52,100971,8764],{"class":66},[52,100973,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982,100984],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,100975,3409],{"class":62},[52,100977,3412],{"class":2187},[52,100979,3415],{"class":188},[52,100981,6407],{"class":192},[52,100983,3420],{"class":188},[52,100985,3423],{"class":62},[20,100987,100988,100989,19075,100991,100993,100994,100996],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100990,3916],{},[15,100992,3911],{},". In Python, ",[15,100995,3911],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45025,100998],{},[38,101000,11592],{"id":11591},[20,101002,101003],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[43,101005,101007],{"className":45,"code":101006,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101008,101009,101042,101075,101079,101099,101103,101113,101124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101010,101011,101014,101016,101018,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101012,101013],{"class":58},"fruits_a ",[52,101015,63],{"class":62},[52,101017,67],{"class":66},[52,101019,189],{"class":188},[52,101021,1125],{"class":192},[52,101023,189],{"class":188},[52,101025,74],{"class":66},[52,101027,200],{"class":188},[52,101029,1145],{"class":192},[52,101031,189],{"class":188},[52,101033,74],{"class":66},[52,101035,200],{"class":188},[52,101037,1216],{"class":192},[52,101039,189],{"class":188},[52,101041,80],{"class":66},[52,101043,101044,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101045,101046],{"class":58},"fruits_b ",[52,101048,63],{"class":62},[52,101050,67],{"class":66},[52,101052,189],{"class":188},[52,101054,1145],{"class":192},[52,101056,189],{"class":188},[52,101058,74],{"class":66},[52,101060,200],{"class":188},[52,101062,1216],{"class":192},[52,101064,189],{"class":188},[52,101066,74],{"class":66},[52,101068,200],{"class":188},[52,101070,22642],{"class":192},[52,101072,189],{"class":188},[52,101074,80],{"class":66},[52,101076,101077],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101078,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101080,101081,101083,101085,101088,101090,101092,101094,101097],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,101082,474],{"class":58},[52,101084,63],{"class":62},[52,101086,101087],{"class":58}," fruits_a",[52,101089,89],{"class":66},[52,101091,2929],{"class":92},[52,101093,122],{"class":66},[52,101095,101096],{"class":92},"fruits_b",[52,101098,127],{"class":66},[52,101100,101101],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,101102,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101104,101105,101107,101109,101111],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,101106,119],{"class":118},[52,101108,122],{"class":66},[52,101110,507],{"class":92},[52,101112,127],{"class":66},[52,101114,101115,101117,101119,101122],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,101116,119],{"class":118},[52,101118,122],{"class":66},[52,101120,101121],{"class":92},"fruits_a",[52,101123,127],{"class":66},[52,101125,101126,101128,101130,101132],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,101127,119],{"class":118},[52,101129,122],{"class":66},[52,101131,101096],{"class":92},[52,101133,127],{"class":66},[20,101135,30140],{},[43,101137,101139],{"className":45,"code":101138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101140,101141,101153,101181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101142,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101144,9399],{"class":66},[52,101146,3420],{"class":188},[52,101148,1125],{"class":192},[52,101150,3420],{"class":188},[52,101152,80],{"class":66},[52,101154,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101156,9399],{"class":66},[52,101158,3420],{"class":188},[52,101160,1145],{"class":192},[52,101162,3420],{"class":188},[52,101164,74],{"class":66},[52,101166,3415],{"class":188},[52,101168,1216],{"class":192},[52,101170,3420],{"class":188},[52,101172,74],{"class":66},[52,101174,3415],{"class":188},[52,101176,1125],{"class":192},[52,101178,3420],{"class":188},[52,101180,80],{"class":66},[52,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101184,9399],{"class":66},[52,101186,3420],{"class":188},[52,101188,1145],{"class":192},[52,101190,3420],{"class":188},[52,101192,74],{"class":66},[52,101194,3415],{"class":188},[52,101196,1216],{"class":192},[52,101198,3420],{"class":188},[52,101200,74],{"class":66},[52,101202,3415],{"class":188},[52,101204,22642],{"class":192},[52,101206,3420],{"class":188},[52,101208,80],{"class":66},[20,101210,656],{},[154,101212,101213,101218,101223,101229],{},[157,101214,101215,101216],{},"Start with ",[15,101217,101121],{},[157,101219,101220,101221],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101222,101096],{},[157,101224,101225,101226,101228],{},"Only ",[15,101227,57942],{}," remains",[157,101230,101231],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101233,101234],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45025,101236],{},[38,101238,8538,101240,101242],{"id":101239},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101241,100498],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101244,101245,101246,89],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101247,100498],{},[20,101249,101250],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[43,101252,101254],{"className":45,"code":101253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101255,101256,101288,101305,101318,101335,101339,101368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101257,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101259,59],{"class":58},[52,101261,63],{"class":62},[52,101263,67],{"class":66},[52,101265,71],{"class":70},[52,101267,74],{"class":66},[52,101269,77],{"class":70},[52,101271,74],{"class":66},[52,101273,104],{"class":70},[52,101275,74],{"class":66},[52,101277,109],{"class":70},[52,101279,74],{"class":66},[52,101281,396],{"class":70},[52,101283,74],{"class":66},[52,101285,37750],{"class":70},[52,101287,80],{"class":66},[52,101289,101290,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101291,101292],{"class":58},"group_a ",[52,101294,63],{"class":62},[52,101296,67],{"class":66},[52,101298,99],{"class":70},[52,101300,74],{"class":66},[52,101302,109],{"class":70},[52,101304,80],{"class":66},[52,101306,101307,101310,101312,101314,101316],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101308,101309],{"class":58},"group_b ",[52,101311,63],{"class":62},[52,101313,67],{"class":66},[52,101315,1705],{"class":70},[52,101317,80],{"class":66},[52,101319,101320,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331,101333],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,101321,101322],{"class":58},"group_c ",[52,101324,63],{"class":62},[52,101326,67],{"class":66},[52,101328,404],{"class":70},[52,101330,74],{"class":66},[52,101332,6113],{"class":70},[52,101334,80],{"class":66},[52,101336,101337],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,101338,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101340,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101356,101358,101361,101363,101366],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,101342,474],{"class":58},[52,101344,63],{"class":62},[52,101346,479],{"class":58},[52,101348,89],{"class":66},[52,101350,2929],{"class":92},[52,101352,122],{"class":66},[52,101354,101355],{"class":92},"group_a",[52,101357,74],{"class":66},[52,101359,101360],{"class":92}," group_b",[52,101362,74],{"class":66},[52,101364,101365],{"class":92}," group_c",[52,101367,127],{"class":66},[52,101369,101370,101372,101374,101376],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,101371,119],{"class":118},[52,101373,122],{"class":66},[52,101375,507],{"class":92},[52,101377,127],{"class":66},[20,101379,2193],{},[43,101381,101383],{"className":45,"code":101382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101384,101385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101386,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101388,9399],{"class":66},[52,101390,71],{"class":70},[52,101392,74],{"class":66},[52,101394,104],{"class":70},[52,101396,80],{"class":66},[20,101398,101399],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45025,101401],{},[38,101403,101405,1083,101407],{"id":101404},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101406,100498],{},[15,101408,101409],{},"difference_update()",[20,101411,101412],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1324,101414,101415],{"id":2929},[15,101416,100498],{},[154,101418,101419,101421],{},[157,101420,1418],{},[157,101422,1421],{},[43,101424,101426],{"className":45,"code":101425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101427,101428,101452,101468,101472,101490,101494,101504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101429,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101431,1347],{"class":58},[52,101433,63],{"class":62},[52,101435,67],{"class":66},[52,101437,71],{"class":70},[52,101439,74],{"class":66},[52,101441,77],{"class":70},[52,101443,74],{"class":66},[52,101445,104],{"class":70},[52,101447,74],{"class":66},[52,101449,109],{"class":70},[52,101451,80],{"class":66},[52,101453,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101455,1364],{"class":58},[52,101457,63],{"class":62},[52,101459,67],{"class":66},[52,101461,488],{"class":70},[52,101463,74],{"class":66},[52,101465,109],{"class":70},[52,101467,80],{"class":66},[52,101469,101470],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101471,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101473,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486,101488],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,101475,474],{"class":58},[52,101477,63],{"class":62},[52,101479,1472],{"class":58},[52,101481,89],{"class":66},[52,101483,2929],{"class":92},[52,101485,122],{"class":66},[52,101487,1393],{"class":92},[52,101489,127],{"class":66},[52,101491,101492],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,101493,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101495,101496,101498,101500,101502],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,101497,119],{"class":118},[52,101499,122],{"class":66},[52,101501,507],{"class":92},[52,101503,127],{"class":66},[52,101505,101506,101508,101510,101512],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,101507,119],{"class":118},[52,101509,122],{"class":66},[52,101511,30],{"class":92},[52,101513,127],{"class":66},[20,101515,2193],{},[43,101517,101519],{"className":45,"code":101518,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101520,101521,101533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101522,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101524,9399],{"class":66},[52,101526,71],{"class":70},[52,101528,74],{"class":66},[52,101530,77],{"class":70},[52,101532,80],{"class":66},[52,101534,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101536,9399],{"class":66},[52,101538,71],{"class":70},[52,101540,74],{"class":66},[52,101542,77],{"class":70},[52,101544,74],{"class":66},[52,101546,104],{"class":70},[52,101548,74],{"class":66},[52,101550,109],{"class":70},[52,101552,80],{"class":66},[1324,101554,101556],{"id":101555},"difference_update",[15,101557,101409],{},[154,101559,101560,101563],{},[157,101561,101562],{},"Changes the original set",[157,101564,168],{},[43,101566,101568],{"className":45,"code":101567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101569,101570,101594,101610,101614,101628,101632],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101571,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101573,1347],{"class":58},[52,101575,63],{"class":62},[52,101577,67],{"class":66},[52,101579,71],{"class":70},[52,101581,74],{"class":66},[52,101583,77],{"class":70},[52,101585,74],{"class":66},[52,101587,104],{"class":70},[52,101589,74],{"class":66},[52,101591,109],{"class":70},[52,101593,80],{"class":66},[52,101595,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101597,1364],{"class":58},[52,101599,63],{"class":62},[52,101601,67],{"class":66},[52,101603,488],{"class":70},[52,101605,74],{"class":66},[52,101607,109],{"class":70},[52,101609,80],{"class":66},[52,101611,101612],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101613,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101615,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,101617,30],{"class":58},[52,101619,89],{"class":66},[52,101621,101555],{"class":92},[52,101623,122],{"class":66},[52,101625,1393],{"class":92},[52,101627,127],{"class":66},[52,101629,101630],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,101631,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101633,101634,101636,101638,101640],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,101635,119],{"class":118},[52,101637,122],{"class":66},[52,101639,30],{"class":92},[52,101641,127],{"class":66},[20,101643,2193],{},[43,101645,101646],{"className":45,"code":100591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101647,101648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101649,101650,101652,101654,101656,101658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101651,9399],{"class":66},[52,101653,71],{"class":70},[52,101655,74],{"class":66},[52,101657,77],{"class":70},[52,101659,80],{"class":66},[20,101661,137,101662,101664],{},[15,101663,100498],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101666,101667,101668,33707],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101669,101409],{},[45025,101671],{},[38,101673,101675,101677,101678,101680],{"id":101674},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101676,100498],{}," vs the ",[15,101679,2144],{}," operator",[20,101682,2100,101683,101685,101686,101688],{},[15,101684,2144],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101687,100498],{}," for two sets.",[43,101690,101692],{"className":45,"code":101691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101693,101694,101718,101734,101738,101756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101695,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101697,1347],{"class":58},[52,101699,63],{"class":62},[52,101701,67],{"class":66},[52,101703,71],{"class":70},[52,101705,74],{"class":66},[52,101707,77],{"class":70},[52,101709,74],{"class":66},[52,101711,104],{"class":70},[52,101713,74],{"class":66},[52,101715,109],{"class":70},[52,101717,80],{"class":66},[52,101719,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101721,1364],{"class":58},[52,101723,63],{"class":62},[52,101725,67],{"class":66},[52,101727,488],{"class":70},[52,101729,74],{"class":66},[52,101731,109],{"class":70},[52,101733,80],{"class":66},[52,101735,101736],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101737,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101739,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,101741,119],{"class":118},[52,101743,122],{"class":66},[52,101745,30],{"class":92},[52,101747,89],{"class":66},[52,101749,2929],{"class":92},[52,101751,122],{"class":66},[52,101753,1393],{"class":92},[52,101755,2150],{"class":66},[52,101757,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,101759,119],{"class":118},[52,101761,122],{"class":66},[52,101763,1347],{"class":92},[52,101765,2144],{"class":62},[52,101767,337],{"class":92},[52,101769,127],{"class":66},[20,101771,2193],{},[43,101773,101775],{"className":45,"code":101774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101776,101777,101789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101780,9399],{"class":66},[52,101782,71],{"class":70},[52,101784,74],{"class":66},[52,101786,77],{"class":70},[52,101788,80],{"class":66},[52,101790,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101792,9399],{"class":66},[52,101794,71],{"class":70},[52,101796,74],{"class":66},[52,101798,77],{"class":70},[52,101800,80],{"class":66},[20,101802,101803],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101805,94691,101806,1964],{},[15,101807,100498],{},[154,101809,101810,101813,101816],{},[157,101811,101812],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[157,101814,101815],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[157,101817,101818],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101820,101821],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[43,101823,101825],{"className":45,"code":101824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101826,101827,101855,101867,101879,101883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101828,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101830,1347],{"class":58},[52,101832,63],{"class":62},[52,101834,67],{"class":66},[52,101836,71],{"class":70},[52,101838,74],{"class":66},[52,101840,77],{"class":70},[52,101842,74],{"class":66},[52,101844,104],{"class":70},[52,101846,74],{"class":66},[52,101848,109],{"class":70},[52,101850,74],{"class":66},[52,101852,396],{"class":70},[52,101854,80],{"class":66},[52,101856,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101858,1364],{"class":58},[52,101860,63],{"class":62},[52,101862,67],{"class":66},[52,101864,99],{"class":70},[52,101866,80],{"class":66},[52,101868,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101870,1467],{"class":58},[52,101872,63],{"class":62},[52,101874,67],{"class":66},[52,101876,391],{"class":70},[52,101878,80],{"class":66},[52,101880,101881],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,101882,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101884,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901,101903],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,101886,119],{"class":118},[52,101888,122],{"class":66},[52,101890,30],{"class":92},[52,101892,89],{"class":66},[52,101894,2929],{"class":92},[52,101896,122],{"class":66},[52,101898,1393],{"class":92},[52,101900,74],{"class":66},[52,101902,342],{"class":92},[52,101904,2150],{"class":66},[20,101906,2193],{},[43,101908,101910],{"className":45,"code":101909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101911,101912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101913,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101915,9399],{"class":66},[52,101917,71],{"class":70},[52,101919,74],{"class":66},[52,101921,104],{"class":70},[52,101923,74],{"class":66},[52,101925,396],{"class":70},[52,101927,80],{"class":66},[20,101929,101930,101931,101933],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101932,2144],{}," operator expression.",[45025,101935],{},[38,101937,4636],{"id":4635},[20,101939,21322,101940,89],{},[15,101941,100498],{},[1324,101943,101945],{"id":101944},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101947,4745,101948,101950,101951,152],{},[984,101949,986],{}," change ",[15,101952,30],{},[43,101954,101956],{"className":45,"code":101955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101957,101958,101978,101990,101994,102008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101961,1347],{"class":58},[52,101963,63],{"class":62},[52,101965,67],{"class":66},[52,101967,71],{"class":70},[52,101969,74],{"class":66},[52,101971,77],{"class":70},[52,101973,74],{"class":66},[52,101975,104],{"class":70},[52,101977,80],{"class":66},[52,101979,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,101981,1364],{"class":58},[52,101983,63],{"class":62},[52,101985,67],{"class":66},[52,101987,488],{"class":70},[52,101989,80],{"class":66},[52,101991,101992],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101993,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,101995,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,101997,30],{"class":58},[52,101999,89],{"class":66},[52,102001,2929],{"class":92},[52,102003,122],{"class":66},[52,102005,1393],{"class":92},[52,102007,127],{"class":66},[52,102009,102010,102012,102014,102016],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,102011,119],{"class":118},[52,102013,122],{"class":66},[52,102015,30],{"class":92},[52,102017,127],{"class":66},[20,102019,2193],{},[43,102021,102022],{"className":45,"code":96703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102023,102024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102025,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102027,9399],{"class":66},[52,102029,71],{"class":70},[52,102031,74],{"class":66},[52,102033,77],{"class":70},[52,102035,74],{"class":66},[52,102037,104],{"class":70},[52,102039,80],{"class":66},[20,102041,102042],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[43,102044,102046],{"className":45,"code":102045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102047,102048,102068,102080,102084,102102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102049,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102051,1347],{"class":58},[52,102053,63],{"class":62},[52,102055,67],{"class":66},[52,102057,71],{"class":70},[52,102059,74],{"class":66},[52,102061,77],{"class":70},[52,102063,74],{"class":66},[52,102065,104],{"class":70},[52,102067,80],{"class":66},[52,102069,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102071,1364],{"class":58},[52,102073,63],{"class":62},[52,102075,67],{"class":66},[52,102077,488],{"class":70},[52,102079,80],{"class":66},[52,102081,102082],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102083,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,102085,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,102087,1347],{"class":58},[52,102089,63],{"class":62},[52,102091,1472],{"class":58},[52,102093,89],{"class":66},[52,102095,2929],{"class":92},[52,102097,122],{"class":66},[52,102099,1393],{"class":92},[52,102101,127],{"class":66},[52,102103,102104,102106,102108,102110],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,102105,119],{"class":118},[52,102107,122],{"class":66},[52,102109,30],{"class":92},[52,102111,127],{"class":66},[20,102113,2193],{},[43,102115,102116],{"className":45,"code":100591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102117,102118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102119,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102121,9399],{"class":66},[52,102123,71],{"class":70},[52,102125,74],{"class":66},[52,102127,77],{"class":70},[52,102129,80],{"class":66},[1324,102131,102133],{"id":102132},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102135,102136,102139],{},[15,102137,102138],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[154,102141,102142,102147],{},[157,102143,102144,102145],{},"keep items from ",[15,102146,30],{},[157,102148,102149,102150],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102151,1393],{},[20,102153,41013,102154,102156,102157,102159],{},[984,102155,986],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102158,1393],{},"”.",[20,102161,347],{},[43,102163,102165],{"className":45,"code":102164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102166,102167,102187,102207,102211,102229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102168,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102170,1347],{"class":58},[52,102172,63],{"class":62},[52,102174,67],{"class":66},[52,102176,71],{"class":70},[52,102178,74],{"class":66},[52,102180,77],{"class":70},[52,102182,74],{"class":66},[52,102184,104],{"class":70},[52,102186,80],{"class":66},[52,102188,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102190,1364],{"class":58},[52,102192,63],{"class":62},[52,102194,67],{"class":66},[52,102196,488],{"class":70},[52,102198,74],{"class":66},[52,102200,109],{"class":70},[52,102202,74],{"class":66},[52,102204,396],{"class":70},[52,102206,80],{"class":66},[52,102208,102209],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102210,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,102212,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,102214,119],{"class":118},[52,102216,122],{"class":66},[52,102218,30],{"class":92},[52,102220,89],{"class":66},[52,102222,2929],{"class":92},[52,102224,122],{"class":66},[52,102226,1393],{"class":92},[52,102228,2150],{"class":66},[52,102230,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,102232,119],{"class":118},[52,102234,122],{"class":66},[52,102236,1393],{"class":92},[52,102238,89],{"class":66},[52,102240,2929],{"class":92},[52,102242,122],{"class":66},[52,102244,30],{"class":92},[52,102246,2150],{"class":66},[20,102248,2193],{},[43,102250,102252],{"className":45,"code":102251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102253,102254,102266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102255,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102257,9399],{"class":66},[52,102259,71],{"class":70},[52,102261,74],{"class":66},[52,102263,77],{"class":70},[52,102265,80],{"class":66},[52,102267,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102269,9399],{"class":66},[52,102271,391],{"class":70},[52,102273,74],{"class":66},[52,102275,396],{"class":70},[52,102277,80],{"class":66},[20,102279,102280],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1324,102282,102284],{"id":102283},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102286,102287,102289],{},[15,102288,100498],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102291,55428],{},[43,102293,102295],{"className":45,"code":102294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102296,102297,102317,102333,102337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102298,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102300,1347],{"class":58},[52,102302,63],{"class":62},[52,102304,3743],{"class":66},[52,102306,71],{"class":70},[52,102308,74],{"class":66},[52,102310,77],{"class":70},[52,102312,74],{"class":66},[52,102314,104],{"class":70},[52,102316,3756],{"class":66},[52,102318,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102320,1364],{"class":58},[52,102322,63],{"class":62},[52,102324,3743],{"class":66},[52,102326,488],{"class":70},[52,102328,74],{"class":66},[52,102330,109],{"class":70},[52,102332,3756],{"class":66},[52,102334,102335],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102336,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,102338,102339],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,102340,102341],{"class":133},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102343,102344],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[43,102346,102348],{"className":45,"code":102347,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102349,102350,102370,102386,102390,102416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102351,102352,102354,102356,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102353,1347],{"class":58},[52,102355,63],{"class":62},[52,102357,3743],{"class":66},[52,102359,71],{"class":70},[52,102361,74],{"class":66},[52,102363,77],{"class":70},[52,102365,74],{"class":66},[52,102367,104],{"class":70},[52,102369,3756],{"class":66},[52,102371,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102373,1364],{"class":58},[52,102375,63],{"class":62},[52,102377,3743],{"class":66},[52,102379,488],{"class":70},[52,102381,74],{"class":66},[52,102383,109],{"class":70},[52,102385,3756],{"class":66},[52,102387,102388],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102389,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,102391,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,102393,474],{"class":58},[52,102395,63],{"class":62},[52,102397,15747],{"class":3020},[52,102399,122],{"class":66},[52,102401,30],{"class":92},[52,102403,8752],{"class":66},[52,102405,2929],{"class":92},[52,102407,122],{"class":66},[52,102409,6407],{"class":3020},[52,102411,122],{"class":66},[52,102413,1393],{"class":92},[52,102415,2150],{"class":66},[52,102417,102418,102420,102422,102424],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,102419,119],{"class":118},[52,102421,122],{"class":66},[52,102423,507],{"class":92},[52,102425,127],{"class":66},[20,102427,2193],{},[43,102429,102430],{"className":45,"code":100591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102431,102432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102433,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102435,9399],{"class":66},[52,102437,71],{"class":70},[52,102439,74],{"class":66},[52,102441,77],{"class":70},[52,102443,80],{"class":66},[1324,102445,102447],{"id":102446},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102449,102450],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[43,102452,102454],{"className":45,"code":102453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102455,102456,102488,102504,102508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102457,102458,102460,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102459,1347],{"class":58},[52,102461,63],{"class":62},[52,102463,67],{"class":66},[52,102465,189],{"class":188},[52,102467,950],{"class":192},[52,102469,189],{"class":188},[52,102471,74],{"class":66},[52,102473,200],{"class":188},[52,102475,1034],{"class":192},[52,102477,189],{"class":188},[52,102479,74],{"class":66},[52,102481,200],{"class":188},[52,102483,58252],{"class":192},[52,102485,189],{"class":188},[52,102487,80],{"class":66},[52,102489,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102491,1364],{"class":58},[52,102493,63],{"class":62},[52,102495,67],{"class":66},[52,102497,189],{"class":188},[52,102499,1034],{"class":192},[52,102501,189],{"class":188},[52,102503,80],{"class":66},[52,102505,102506],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102507,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,102509,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,102511,119],{"class":118},[52,102513,122],{"class":66},[52,102515,30],{"class":92},[52,102517,89],{"class":66},[52,102519,2929],{"class":92},[52,102521,122],{"class":66},[52,102523,1393],{"class":92},[52,102525,2150],{"class":66},[20,102527,102528],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1324,102530,102532],{"id":102531},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102534,102535],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,102537,102539],{"className":45,"code":102538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102540,102541,102569,102581,102585,102595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102542,102543,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102544,1347],{"class":58},[52,102546,63],{"class":62},[52,102548,67],{"class":66},[52,102550,71],{"class":70},[52,102552,74],{"class":66},[52,102554,5616],{"class":70},[52,102556,74],{"class":66},[52,102558,77],{"class":70},[52,102560,74],{"class":66},[52,102562,77],{"class":70},[52,102564,74],{"class":66},[52,102566,104],{"class":70},[52,102568,80],{"class":66},[52,102570,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102572,1364],{"class":58},[52,102574,63],{"class":62},[52,102576,67],{"class":66},[52,102578,488],{"class":70},[52,102580,80],{"class":66},[52,102582,102583],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102584,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,102586,102587,102589,102591,102593],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,102588,119],{"class":118},[52,102590,122],{"class":66},[52,102592,30],{"class":92},[52,102594,127],{"class":66},[52,102596,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,102598,119],{"class":118},[52,102600,122],{"class":66},[52,102602,30],{"class":92},[52,102604,89],{"class":66},[52,102606,2929],{"class":92},[52,102608,122],{"class":66},[52,102610,1393],{"class":92},[52,102612,2150],{"class":66},[20,102614,2193],{},[43,102616,102618],{"className":45,"code":102617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102619,102620,102636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102621,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102623,9399],{"class":66},[52,102625,71],{"class":70},[52,102627,74],{"class":66},[52,102629,77],{"class":70},[52,102631,74],{"class":66},[52,102633,104],{"class":70},[52,102635,80],{"class":66},[52,102637,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102639,9399],{"class":66},[52,102641,71],{"class":70},[52,102643,74],{"class":66},[52,102645,77],{"class":70},[52,102647,80],{"class":66},[20,102649,102650,102651,102653],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102652,100498],{}," runs.",[1324,102655,102657],{"id":102656},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102659,102660],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[43,102662,102664],{"className":45,"code":102663,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102665,102666,102690,102710,102714,102724,102734,102752,102774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102667,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102669,1347],{"class":58},[52,102671,63],{"class":62},[52,102673,67],{"class":66},[52,102675,71],{"class":70},[52,102677,74],{"class":66},[52,102679,77],{"class":70},[52,102681,74],{"class":66},[52,102683,104],{"class":70},[52,102685,74],{"class":66},[52,102687,109],{"class":70},[52,102689,80],{"class":66},[52,102691,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102693,1364],{"class":58},[52,102695,63],{"class":62},[52,102697,67],{"class":66},[52,102699,488],{"class":70},[52,102701,74],{"class":66},[52,102703,109],{"class":70},[52,102705,74],{"class":66},[52,102707,396],{"class":70},[52,102709,80],{"class":66},[52,102711,102712],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102713,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,102715,102716,102718,102720,102722],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,102717,119],{"class":118},[52,102719,122],{"class":66},[52,102721,30],{"class":92},[52,102723,127],{"class":66},[52,102725,102726,102728,102730,102732],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,102727,119],{"class":118},[52,102729,122],{"class":66},[52,102731,1393],{"class":92},[52,102733,127],{"class":66},[52,102735,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,102737,119],{"class":118},[52,102739,122],{"class":66},[52,102741,30],{"class":92},[52,102743,89],{"class":66},[52,102745,2929],{"class":92},[52,102747,122],{"class":66},[52,102749,1393],{"class":92},[52,102751,2150],{"class":66},[52,102753,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,102755,119],{"class":118},[52,102757,122],{"class":66},[52,102759,3340],{"class":3020},[52,102761,122],{"class":66},[52,102763,30],{"class":92},[52,102765,89],{"class":66},[52,102767,2929],{"class":92},[52,102769,122],{"class":66},[52,102771,1393],{"class":92},[52,102773,3031],{"class":66},[52,102775,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792,102794],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,102777,119],{"class":118},[52,102779,122],{"class":66},[52,102781,11279],{"class":118},[52,102783,122],{"class":66},[52,102785,30],{"class":92},[52,102787,89],{"class":66},[52,102789,2929],{"class":92},[52,102791,122],{"class":66},[52,102793,1393],{"class":92},[52,102795,3031],{"class":66},[20,102797,11288],{},[154,102799,102800,102803,102806,102809],{},[157,102801,102802],{},"what is in each set",[157,102804,102805],{},"what result Python creates",[157,102807,102808],{},"that the result is a set",[157,102810,102811],{},"how many items remain",[45025,102813],{},[38,102815,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,102817,1937,102819,102821],{"id":102818},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102820,100498],{}," change the original set?",[20,102823,102824],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1324,102826,1959,102828,668,102830,1964],{"id":102827},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102829,100498],{},[15,102831,101409],{},[20,102833,102834,102836,102837,102839],{},[15,102835,100498],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102838,101409],{}," modifies the original set.",[1324,102841,1949,102843,102845],{"id":102842},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102844,100498],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102847,102848],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1324,102850,102852],{"id":102851},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102854,102855],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45025,102857],{},[38,102859,1996],{"id":1995},[154,102861,102862,102866,102874],{},[157,102863,102864],{},[30,102865,96425],{"href":97587},[157,102867,102868],{},[30,102869,96907,102871,10859],{"href":102870},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102872,102873],{},"intersection()",[157,102875,102876],{},[30,102877,96907,102878,10859],{"href":792},[15,102879,1319],{},[2044,102881,102882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":102884},[102885,102886,102888,102889,102890,102891,102893,102898,102900,102908,102917],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":100620,"depth":83,"text":102887},"What difference() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":101239,"depth":83,"text":102892},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101404,"depth":83,"text":102894,"children":102895},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102896,102897],{"id":2929,"depth":115,"text":100498},{"id":101555,"depth":115,"text":101409},{"id":101674,"depth":83,"text":102899},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":102901},[102902,102903,102904,102905,102906,102907],{"id":101944,"depth":115,"text":101945},{"id":102132,"depth":115,"text":102133},{"id":102283,"depth":115,"text":102284},{"id":102446,"depth":115,"text":102447},{"id":102531,"depth":115,"text":102532},{"id":102656,"depth":115,"text":102657},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":102909},[102910,102912,102914,102916],{"id":102818,"depth":115,"text":102911},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102827,"depth":115,"text":102913},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102842,"depth":115,"text":102915},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102851,"depth":115,"text":102852},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100490,"description":102918},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102925,"title":102926,"body":102927,"description":104622,"extension":2083,"meta":104623,"navigation":240,"path":104624,"seo":104625,"stem":104626,"__hash__":104627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102928,"toc":104584},[102929,102935,102941,102954,102956,103057,103059,103104,103109,103114,103118,103132,103135,103143,103145,103164,103182,103186,103239,103241,103262,103269,103274,103301,103308,103407,103409,103446,103454,103458,103464,103467,103540,103542,103550,103555,103624,103626,103651,103653,103656,103759,103761,103822,103825,103829,103835,103908,103910,103943,103946,103949,103989,103995,104018,104023,104027,104038,104041,104043,104047,104053,104055,104112,104122,104124,104177,104184,104189,104257,104265,104271,104275,104277,104316,104321,104370,104374,104377,104379,104418,104421,104423,104428,104485,104487,104501,104503,104507,104513,104518,104523,104530,104541,104547,104552,104554,104581],[10,102930,13,102932,18],{"id":102931},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102933,102934],{},"discard()",[20,102936,102937,102940],{},[15,102938,102939],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102942,102943,102944,2311,102949,982,102951,102953],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[30,102945,102946],{"href":98296},[15,102947,102948],{},"set.remove()",[15,102950,102934],{},[984,102952,986],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[38,102955,2125],{"id":2124},[43,102957,102959],{"className":45,"code":102958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102960,102961,102993,103012,103022,103026,103047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102962,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102964,181],{"class":58},[52,102966,63],{"class":62},[52,102968,67],{"class":66},[52,102970,189],{"class":188},[52,102972,193],{"class":192},[52,102974,189],{"class":188},[52,102976,74],{"class":66},[52,102978,200],{"class":188},[52,102980,203],{"class":192},[52,102982,189],{"class":188},[52,102984,74],{"class":66},[52,102986,200],{"class":188},[52,102988,231],{"class":192},[52,102990,189],{"class":188},[52,102992,80],{"class":66},[52,102994,102995,102997,102999,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,102996,212],{"class":58},[52,102998,89],{"class":66},[52,103000,103001],{"class":92},"discard",[52,103003,122],{"class":66},[52,103005,189],{"class":188},[52,103007,203],{"class":192},[52,103009,189],{"class":188},[52,103011,127],{"class":66},[52,103013,103014,103016,103018,103020],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103015,119],{"class":118},[52,103017,122],{"class":66},[52,103019,212],{"class":92},[52,103021,127],{"class":66},[52,103023,103024],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,103025,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103027,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,103029,212],{"class":58},[52,103031,89],{"class":66},[52,103033,103001],{"class":92},[52,103035,122],{"class":66},[52,103037,189],{"class":188},[52,103039,22633],{"class":192},[52,103041,189],{"class":188},[52,103043,3782],{"class":66},[52,103045,103046],{"class":133},"  # no error if missing\n",[52,103048,103049,103051,103053,103055],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,103050,119],{"class":118},[52,103052,122],{"class":66},[52,103054,212],{"class":92},[52,103056,127],{"class":66},[20,103058,30140],{},[43,103060,103062],{"className":45,"code":103061,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103063,103064,103084],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103065,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103067,9399],{"class":66},[52,103069,3420],{"class":188},[52,103071,193],{"class":192},[52,103073,3420],{"class":188},[52,103075,74],{"class":66},[52,103077,3415],{"class":188},[52,103079,231],{"class":192},[52,103081,3420],{"class":188},[52,103083,80],{"class":66},[52,103085,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103087,9399],{"class":66},[52,103089,3420],{"class":188},[52,103091,193],{"class":192},[52,103093,3420],{"class":188},[52,103095,74],{"class":66},[52,103097,3415],{"class":188},[52,103099,231],{"class":192},[52,103101,3420],{"class":188},[52,103103,80],{"class":66},[20,103105,137,103106,103108],{},[15,103107,102934],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[38,103110,144,103112,147],{"id":103111},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103113,102939],{},[20,103115,103116,152],{},[15,103117,102934],{},[154,103119,103120,103123,103126,103128],{},[157,103121,103122],{},"Removes one item from a set",[157,103124,103125],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[157,103127,162],{},[157,103129,1335,103130],{},[15,103131,445],{},[20,103133,103134],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103136,429,103137,2996,103140,89],{},[30,103138,103139],{"href":98877},"what a set is in Python",[30,103141,103142],{"href":432},"how to create a set",[38,103144,268],{"id":267},[43,103146,103148],{"className":45,"code":103147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103149,103150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103151,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160,103162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103153,281],{"class":58},[52,103155,89],{"class":66},[52,103157,103001],{"class":92},[52,103159,122],{"class":66},[52,103161,2593],{"class":92},[52,103163,127],{"class":66},[154,103165,103166,103171,103176,103179],{},[157,103167,103168,103170],{},[15,103169,281],{}," is the set you want to change",[157,103172,103173,103175],{},[15,103174,2593],{}," is the item you want to remove",[157,103177,103178],{},"The set must already exist",[157,103180,103181],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1324,103183,103185],{"id":103184},"example","Example",[43,103187,103189],{"className":45,"code":103188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103190,103191,103215,103229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103192,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103194,59],{"class":58},[52,103196,63],{"class":62},[52,103198,67],{"class":66},[52,103200,71],{"class":70},[52,103202,74],{"class":66},[52,103204,77],{"class":70},[52,103206,74],{"class":66},[52,103208,104],{"class":70},[52,103210,74],{"class":66},[52,103212,109],{"class":70},[52,103214,80],{"class":66},[52,103216,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103218,86],{"class":58},[52,103220,89],{"class":66},[52,103222,103001],{"class":92},[52,103224,122],{"class":66},[52,103226,488],{"class":70},[52,103228,127],{"class":66},[52,103230,103231,103233,103235,103237],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103232,119],{"class":118},[52,103234,122],{"class":66},[52,103236,86],{"class":92},[52,103238,127],{"class":66},[20,103240,2193],{},[43,103242,103244],{"className":45,"code":103243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103245,103246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103247,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103249,9399],{"class":66},[52,103251,71],{"class":70},[52,103253,74],{"class":66},[52,103255,77],{"class":70},[52,103257,74],{"class":66},[52,103259,109],{"class":70},[52,103261,80],{"class":66},[38,103263,103265,103266,103268],{"id":103264},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103267,102934],{}," different",[20,103270,103271,103273],{},[15,103272,102934],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[154,103275,103276,103289,103298],{},[157,103277,103278,103279,2311,103283,103285,103286,103288],{},"Unlike ",[30,103280,103281],{"href":98296},[15,103282,55638],{},[15,103284,102934],{}," does not raise ",[15,103287,19798],{}," when the item is missing",[157,103290,103278,103291,2311,103295,103297],{},[30,103292,103293],{"href":98301},[15,103294,12879],{},[15,103296,102934],{}," removes a specific item",[157,103299,103300],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1324,103302,103304,1083,103306],{"id":103303},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103305,102934],{},[15,103307,55638],{},[43,103309,103311],{"className":45,"code":103310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103312,103313,103337,103341,103362,103372,103376,103397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103314,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103316,7897],{"class":58},[52,103318,63],{"class":62},[52,103320,67],{"class":66},[52,103322,189],{"class":188},[52,103324,1125],{"class":192},[52,103326,189],{"class":188},[52,103328,74],{"class":66},[52,103330,200],{"class":188},[52,103332,1145],{"class":192},[52,103334,189],{"class":188},[52,103336,80],{"class":66},[52,103338,103339],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103340,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103342,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103344,7928],{"class":58},[52,103346,89],{"class":66},[52,103348,103001],{"class":92},[52,103350,122],{"class":66},[52,103352,189],{"class":188},[52,103354,1216],{"class":192},[52,103356,189],{"class":188},[52,103358,3782],{"class":66},[52,103360,103361],{"class":133},"   # no error\n",[52,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,103365,119],{"class":118},[52,103367,122],{"class":66},[52,103369,7928],{"class":92},[52,103371,127],{"class":66},[52,103373,103374],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,103375,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103377,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,103379,7928],{"class":58},[52,103381,89],{"class":66},[52,103383,34902],{"class":92},[52,103385,122],{"class":66},[52,103387,189],{"class":188},[52,103389,1145],{"class":192},[52,103391,189],{"class":188},[52,103393,3782],{"class":66},[52,103395,103396],{"class":133},"    # removes existing item\n",[52,103398,103399,103401,103403,103405],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,103400,119],{"class":118},[52,103402,122],{"class":66},[52,103404,7928],{"class":92},[52,103406,127],{"class":66},[20,103408,2193],{},[43,103410,103412],{"className":45,"code":103411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103413,103414,103434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103415,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103417,9399],{"class":66},[52,103419,3420],{"class":188},[52,103421,1125],{"class":192},[52,103423,3420],{"class":188},[52,103425,74],{"class":66},[52,103427,3415],{"class":188},[52,103429,1145],{"class":192},[52,103431,3420],{"class":188},[52,103433,80],{"class":66},[52,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103437,9399],{"class":66},[52,103439,3420],{"class":188},[52,103441,1125],{"class":192},[52,103443,3420],{"class":188},[52,103445,80],{"class":66},[20,103447,40450,103448,103450,103451,103453],{},[15,103449,55638],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[30,103452,11193],{"href":11192}," for more help with that case.",[38,103455,103457],{"id":103456},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103459,103460,442,103462,89],{},[15,103461,102934],{},[15,103463,445],{},[20,103465,103466],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[43,103468,103470],{"className":45,"code":103469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103471,103472,103504,103526,103530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103473,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103475,181],{"class":58},[52,103477,63],{"class":62},[52,103479,67],{"class":66},[52,103481,189],{"class":188},[52,103483,193],{"class":192},[52,103485,189],{"class":188},[52,103487,74],{"class":66},[52,103489,200],{"class":188},[52,103491,203],{"class":192},[52,103493,189],{"class":188},[52,103495,74],{"class":66},[52,103497,200],{"class":188},[52,103499,231],{"class":192},[52,103501,189],{"class":188},[52,103503,80],{"class":66},[52,103505,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103507,474],{"class":58},[52,103509,63],{"class":62},[52,103511,13238],{"class":58},[52,103513,89],{"class":66},[52,103515,103001],{"class":92},[52,103517,122],{"class":66},[52,103519,189],{"class":188},[52,103521,203],{"class":192},[52,103523,189],{"class":188},[52,103525,127],{"class":66},[52,103527,103528],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103529,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103531,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,103533,119],{"class":118},[52,103535,122],{"class":66},[52,103537,507],{"class":92},[52,103539,127],{"class":66},[20,103541,2193],{},[43,103543,103544],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,103545,103546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103547,103548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103549,11924],{"class":3971},[20,103551,103552,103553,152],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103554,212],{},[43,103556,103558],{"className":45,"code":103557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103559,103560,103592,103610,103614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103561,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103563,181],{"class":58},[52,103565,63],{"class":62},[52,103567,67],{"class":66},[52,103569,189],{"class":188},[52,103571,193],{"class":192},[52,103573,189],{"class":188},[52,103575,74],{"class":66},[52,103577,200],{"class":188},[52,103579,203],{"class":192},[52,103581,189],{"class":188},[52,103583,74],{"class":66},[52,103585,200],{"class":188},[52,103587,231],{"class":192},[52,103589,189],{"class":188},[52,103591,80],{"class":66},[52,103593,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103595,212],{"class":58},[52,103597,89],{"class":66},[52,103599,103001],{"class":92},[52,103601,122],{"class":66},[52,103603,189],{"class":188},[52,103605,203],{"class":192},[52,103607,189],{"class":188},[52,103609,127],{"class":66},[52,103611,103612],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103613,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103615,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,103617,119],{"class":118},[52,103619,122],{"class":66},[52,103621,212],{"class":92},[52,103623,127],{"class":66},[20,103625,2193],{},[43,103627,103629],{"className":45,"code":103628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103630,103631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103632,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103634,9399],{"class":66},[52,103636,3420],{"class":188},[52,103638,193],{"class":192},[52,103640,3420],{"class":188},[52,103642,74],{"class":66},[52,103644,3415],{"class":188},[52,103646,231],{"class":192},[52,103648,3420],{"class":188},[52,103650,80],{"class":66},[38,103652,11592],{"id":11591},[20,103654,103655],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[43,103657,103659],{"className":45,"code":103658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103660,103661,103693,103697,103715,103719,103737,103741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103662,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103664,1116],{"class":58},[52,103666,63],{"class":62},[52,103668,67],{"class":66},[52,103670,189],{"class":188},[52,103672,1125],{"class":192},[52,103674,189],{"class":188},[52,103676,74],{"class":66},[52,103678,200],{"class":188},[52,103680,1145],{"class":192},[52,103682,189],{"class":188},[52,103684,74],{"class":66},[52,103686,200],{"class":188},[52,103688,1216],{"class":192},[52,103690,189],{"class":188},[52,103692,80],{"class":66},[52,103694,103695],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103696,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103698,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103700,119],{"class":118},[52,103702,122],{"class":66},[52,103704,189],{"class":188},[52,103706,11681],{"class":192},[52,103708,189],{"class":188},[52,103710,74],{"class":66},[52,103712,52960],{"class":92},[52,103714,127],{"class":66},[52,103716,103717],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,103718,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103720,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,103722,1134],{"class":58},[52,103724,89],{"class":66},[52,103726,103001],{"class":92},[52,103728,122],{"class":66},[52,103730,189],{"class":188},[52,103732,1145],{"class":192},[52,103734,189],{"class":188},[52,103736,127],{"class":66},[52,103738,103739],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,103740,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103742,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,103744,119],{"class":118},[52,103746,122],{"class":66},[52,103748,189],{"class":188},[52,103750,11721],{"class":192},[52,103752,189],{"class":188},[52,103754,74],{"class":66},[52,103756,52960],{"class":92},[52,103758,127],{"class":66},[20,103760,2193],{},[43,103762,103764],{"className":45,"code":103763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103765,103766,103798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103767,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103769,11741],{"class":58},[52,103771,152],{"class":66},[52,103773,67],{"class":66},[52,103775,3420],{"class":188},[52,103777,1145],{"class":192},[52,103779,3420],{"class":188},[52,103781,74],{"class":66},[52,103783,3415],{"class":188},[52,103785,1125],{"class":192},[52,103787,3420],{"class":188},[52,103789,74],{"class":66},[52,103791,3415],{"class":188},[52,103793,1216],{"class":192},[52,103795,3420],{"class":188},[52,103797,80],{"class":66},[52,103799,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103801,11794],{"class":58},[52,103803,152],{"class":66},[52,103805,67],{"class":66},[52,103807,3420],{"class":188},[52,103809,1125],{"class":192},[52,103811,3420],{"class":188},[52,103813,74],{"class":66},[52,103815,3415],{"class":188},[52,103817,1216],{"class":192},[52,103819,3420],{"class":188},[52,103821,80],{"class":66},[20,103823,103824],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[38,103826,103828],{"id":103827},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103830,103831,103832,103834],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103833,102934],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[43,103836,103838],{"className":45,"code":103837,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103839,103840,103872,103876,103894,103898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103841,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103843,1116],{"class":58},[52,103845,63],{"class":62},[52,103847,67],{"class":66},[52,103849,189],{"class":188},[52,103851,1125],{"class":192},[52,103853,189],{"class":188},[52,103855,74],{"class":66},[52,103857,200],{"class":188},[52,103859,1145],{"class":192},[52,103861,189],{"class":188},[52,103863,74],{"class":66},[52,103865,200],{"class":188},[52,103867,1216],{"class":192},[52,103869,189],{"class":188},[52,103871,80],{"class":66},[52,103873,103874],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103875,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103877,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103879,1134],{"class":58},[52,103881,89],{"class":66},[52,103883,103001],{"class":92},[52,103885,122],{"class":66},[52,103887,189],{"class":188},[52,103889,22642],{"class":192},[52,103891,189],{"class":188},[52,103893,127],{"class":66},[52,103895,103896],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,103897,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,103899,103900,103902,103904,103906],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,103901,119],{"class":118},[52,103903,122],{"class":66},[52,103905,1134],{"class":92},[52,103907,127],{"class":66},[20,103909,2193],{},[43,103911,103913],{"className":45,"code":103912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103914,103915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103916,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103918,9399],{"class":66},[52,103920,3420],{"class":188},[52,103922,1145],{"class":192},[52,103924,3420],{"class":188},[52,103926,74],{"class":66},[52,103928,3415],{"class":188},[52,103930,1125],{"class":192},[52,103932,3420],{"class":188},[52,103934,74],{"class":66},[52,103936,3415],{"class":188},[52,103938,1216],{"class":192},[52,103940,3420],{"class":188},[52,103942,80],{"class":66},[20,103944,103945],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103947,103948],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[43,103950,103952],{"className":45,"code":103951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103953,103954,103970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103955,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103957,7115],{"class":3996},[52,103959,200],{"class":188},[52,103961,22642],{"class":192},[52,103963,189],{"class":188},[52,103965,21284],{"class":62},[52,103967,52960],{"class":58},[52,103969,6514],{"class":66},[52,103971,103972,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,103973,103974],{"class":58},"    fruits",[52,103976,89],{"class":66},[52,103978,34902],{"class":92},[52,103980,122],{"class":66},[52,103982,189],{"class":188},[52,103984,22642],{"class":192},[52,103986,189],{"class":188},[52,103988,127],{"class":66},[20,103990,103991,103992,103994],{},"With ",[15,103993,102934],{},", you can simply write:",[43,103996,103998],{"className":45,"code":103997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103999,104000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104001,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104003,1134],{"class":58},[52,104005,89],{"class":66},[52,104007,103001],{"class":92},[52,104009,122],{"class":66},[52,104011,189],{"class":188},[52,104013,22642],{"class":192},[52,104015,189],{"class":188},[52,104017,127],{"class":66},[38,104019,5078,104021],{"id":104020},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104022,102934],{},[20,104024,137,104025,10719],{},[15,104026,102934],{},[154,104028,104029,104032,104035],{},[157,104030,104031],{},"Missing values are normal",[157,104033,104034],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[157,104036,104037],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104039,104040],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[38,104042,2948],{"id":2947},[20,104044,8568,104045,89],{},[15,104046,102934],{},[1324,104048,8574,104050,104052],{"id":104049},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104051,102934],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104054,4643],{},[43,104056,104058],{"className":45,"code":104057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104059,104060,104080,104098,104102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104061,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104063,59],{"class":58},[52,104065,63],{"class":62},[52,104067,67],{"class":66},[52,104069,71],{"class":70},[52,104071,74],{"class":66},[52,104073,77],{"class":70},[52,104075,74],{"class":66},[52,104077,104],{"class":70},[52,104079,80],{"class":66},[52,104081,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104083,59],{"class":58},[52,104085,63],{"class":62},[52,104087,479],{"class":58},[52,104089,89],{"class":66},[52,104091,103001],{"class":92},[52,104093,122],{"class":66},[52,104095,99],{"class":70},[52,104097,127],{"class":66},[52,104099,104100],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104101,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,104103,104104,104106,104108,104110],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,104105,119],{"class":118},[52,104107,122],{"class":66},[52,104109,86],{"class":92},[52,104111,127],{"class":66},[20,104113,104114,42263,104116,1714,104118,442,104120,89],{},[15,104115,86],{},[15,104117,445],{},[15,104119,102934],{},[15,104121,445],{},[20,104123,18952],{},[43,104125,104127],{"className":45,"code":104126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104128,104129,104149,104163,104167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104130,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104132,59],{"class":58},[52,104134,63],{"class":62},[52,104136,67],{"class":66},[52,104138,71],{"class":70},[52,104140,74],{"class":66},[52,104142,77],{"class":70},[52,104144,74],{"class":66},[52,104146,104],{"class":70},[52,104148,80],{"class":66},[52,104150,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104152,86],{"class":58},[52,104154,89],{"class":66},[52,104156,103001],{"class":92},[52,104158,122],{"class":66},[52,104160,99],{"class":70},[52,104162,127],{"class":66},[52,104164,104165],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104166,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,104168,104169,104171,104173,104175],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,104170,119],{"class":118},[52,104172,122],{"class":66},[52,104174,86],{"class":92},[52,104176,127],{"class":66},[1324,104178,37310,104180,8826,104182],{"id":104179},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104181,102934],{},[15,104183,55638],{},[20,104185,104186,104187,89],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104188,102934],{},[43,104190,104192],{"className":45,"code":104191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104193,104194,104226,104247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104195,104196,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104197,921],{"class":58},[52,104199,63],{"class":62},[52,104201,67],{"class":66},[52,104203,189],{"class":188},[52,104205,30],{"class":192},[52,104207,189],{"class":188},[52,104209,74],{"class":66},[52,104211,200],{"class":188},[52,104213,1393],{"class":192},[52,104215,189],{"class":188},[52,104217,74],{"class":66},[52,104219,200],{"class":188},[52,104221,1491],{"class":192},[52,104223,189],{"class":188},[52,104225,80],{"class":66},[52,104227,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104229,939],{"class":58},[52,104231,89],{"class":66},[52,104233,103001],{"class":92},[52,104235,122],{"class":66},[52,104237,189],{"class":188},[52,104239,22186],{"class":192},[52,104241,189],{"class":188},[52,104243,3782],{"class":66},[52,104245,104246],{"class":133},"   # safe\n",[52,104248,104249,104251,104253,104255],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104250,119],{"class":118},[52,104252,122],{"class":66},[52,104254,939],{"class":92},[52,104256,127],{"class":66},[20,104258,104259,104260,46017,104263,89],{},"If you use ",[15,104261,104262],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104264,19798],{},[1324,104266,25727,104268,104270],{"id":104267},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104269,102934],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104272,104273,102289],{},[15,104274,102934],{},[20,104276,16757],{},[43,104278,104280],{"className":45,"code":104279,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104281,104282,104302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104283,104284,104286,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104285,7897],{"class":58},[52,104287,63],{"class":62},[52,104289,3743],{"class":66},[52,104291,71],{"class":70},[52,104293,74],{"class":66},[52,104295,77],{"class":70},[52,104297,74],{"class":66},[52,104299,104],{"class":70},[52,104301,3756],{"class":66},[52,104303,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104305,7928],{"class":58},[52,104307,89],{"class":66},[52,104309,103001],{"class":92},[52,104311,122],{"class":66},[52,104313,99],{"class":70},[52,104315,127],{"class":66},[20,104317,104318,104319,152],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104320,102934],{},[43,104322,104324],{"className":45,"code":104323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104325,104326,104346,104360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104327,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336,104338,104340,104342,104344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104329,7897],{"class":58},[52,104331,63],{"class":62},[52,104333,67],{"class":66},[52,104335,71],{"class":70},[52,104337,74],{"class":66},[52,104339,77],{"class":70},[52,104341,74],{"class":66},[52,104343,104],{"class":70},[52,104345,80],{"class":66},[52,104347,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104349,7928],{"class":58},[52,104351,89],{"class":66},[52,104353,103001],{"class":92},[52,104355,122],{"class":66},[52,104357,99],{"class":70},[52,104359,127],{"class":66},[52,104361,104362,104364,104366,104368],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104363,119],{"class":118},[52,104365,122],{"class":66},[52,104367,7928],{"class":92},[52,104369,127],{"class":66},[1324,104371,104373],{"id":104372},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104375,104376],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104378,1671],{},[43,104380,104382],{"className":45,"code":104381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104383,104384,104404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104385,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104387,9288],{"class":58},[52,104389,63],{"class":62},[52,104391,67],{"class":66},[52,104393,71],{"class":70},[52,104395,74],{"class":66},[52,104397,77],{"class":70},[52,104399,74],{"class":66},[52,104401,104],{"class":70},[52,104403,80],{"class":66},[52,104405,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104407,9327],{"class":58},[52,104409,89],{"class":66},[52,104411,103001],{"class":92},[52,104413,96],{"class":66},[52,104415,99],{"class":70},[52,104417,112],{"class":66},[20,104419,104420],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[38,104422,8994],{"id":8993},[20,104424,8997,104425,104427],{},[15,104426,102934],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,104429,104431],{"className":45,"code":104430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104432,104433,104443,104457,104471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104434,104435,104437,104439,104441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104436,119],{"class":118},[52,104438,122],{"class":66},[52,104440,281],{"class":92},[52,104442,127],{"class":66},[52,104444,104445,104447,104449,104451,104453,104455],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104446,119],{"class":118},[52,104448,122],{"class":66},[52,104450,3340],{"class":3020},[52,104452,122],{"class":66},[52,104454,281],{"class":92},[52,104456,2150],{"class":66},[52,104458,104459,104461,104463,104465,104467,104469],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104460,119],{"class":118},[52,104462,122],{"class":66},[52,104464,2568],{"class":92},[52,104466,4003],{"class":3996},[52,104468,1570],{"class":92},[52,104470,127],{"class":66},[52,104472,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,104474,32262],{"class":118},[52,104476,122],{"class":66},[52,104478,6407],{"class":3020},[52,104480,89],{"class":66},[52,104482,103001],{"class":24860},[52,104484,127],{"class":66},[20,104486,11288],{},[154,104488,104489,104492,104495,104498],{},[157,104490,104491],{},"What is currently in the set",[157,104493,104494],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[157,104496,104497],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[157,104499,104500],{},"How Python documents the method",[38,104502,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,104504,104506],{"id":104505},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104508,104509,104510,104512],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104511,102934],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1324,104514,5260,104516,12832],{"id":104515},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104517,102939],{},[20,104519,5266,104520,104522],{},[15,104521,445],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1324,104524,1959,104526,668,104528,1964],{"id":104525},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104527,102934],{},[15,104529,55638],{},[20,104531,104532,104533,26648,104535,104537,104538,104540],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104534,55638],{},[15,104536,19798],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104539,102934],{}," does not.",[1324,104542,1949,104544,104546],{"id":104543},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104545,102934],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104548,46472,104549,104551],{},[15,104550,102934],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[38,104553,1996],{"id":1995},[154,104555,104556,104562,104568,104573,104577],{},[157,104557,104558],{},[30,104559,96907,104560,10859],{"href":98296},[15,104561,55638],{},[157,104563,104564],{},[30,104565,96907,104566,10859],{"href":98301},[15,104567,12879],{},[157,104569,104570],{},[30,104571,104572],{"href":432},"Python set: creating a set",[157,104574,104575],{},[30,104576,100433],{"href":98877},[157,104578,104579],{},[30,104580,11380],{"href":11192},[2044,104582,104583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":104585},[104586,104587,104589,104592,104597,104598,104599,104600,104602,104611,104612,104621],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":103111,"depth":83,"text":104588},"What set.discard() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":104590},[104591],{"id":103184,"depth":115,"text":103185},{"id":103264,"depth":83,"text":104593,"children":104594},"What makes discard() different",[104595],{"id":103303,"depth":115,"text":104596},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103456,"depth":83,"text":103457},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":103827,"depth":83,"text":103828},{"id":104020,"depth":83,"text":104601},"When to use discard()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":104603},[104604,104606,104608,104610],{"id":104049,"depth":115,"text":104605},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104179,"depth":115,"text":104607},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104267,"depth":115,"text":104609},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104372,"depth":115,"text":104373},{"id":8993,"depth":83,"text":8994},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":104613},[104614,104615,104617,104619],{"id":104505,"depth":115,"text":104506},{"id":104515,"depth":115,"text":104616},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104525,"depth":115,"text":104618},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104543,"depth":115,"text":104620},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102926,"description":104622},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104629,"title":104630,"body":104631,"description":106637,"extension":2083,"meta":106638,"navigation":240,"path":106639,"seo":106640,"stem":106641,"__hash__":106642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104632,"toc":106595},[104633,104636,104644,104649,104660,104662,104717,104721,104741,104746,104750,104755,104757,104771,104773,104848,104850,104883,104888,104893,104895,104897,104912,104915,104923,104928,104943,104945,105034,105036,105125,105131,105135,105137,105175,105177,105201,105204,105219,105221,105276,105278,105311,105313,105318,105322,105326,105331,105396,105398,105418,105424,105428,105485,105487,105508,105512,105517,105562,105564,105597,105600,105604,105637,105639,105668,105672,105676,105679,105681,105700,105702,105748,105753,105767,105769,105800,105805,105808,105852,105854,105882,105886,105890,105906,105909,105974,105976,105988,105991,105995,105998,106003,106031,106033,106051,106057,106096,106098,106116,106122,106151,106153,106171,106174,106191,106193,106198,106202,106205,106231,106238,106243,106258,106267,106271,106274,106305,106311,106314,106323,106326,106328,106330,106388,106391,106416,106418,106422,106425,106429,106437,106441,106444,106448,106451,106453,106476,106478,106519,106526,106534,106537,106568,106570,106592],[10,104634,104630],{"id":104635},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104637,9245,104638,104640,104641,89],{},[15,104639,3916],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[984,104642,104643],{},"unique values only",[20,104645,35514,104646,104648],{},[15,104647,3916],{}," to:",[154,104650,104651,104654,104657],{},[157,104652,104653],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[157,104655,104656],{},"check whether a value exists",[157,104658,104659],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[38,104661,2125],{"id":2124},[43,104663,104665],{"className":45,"code":104664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104666,104667,104691,104706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104668,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104670,59],{"class":58},[52,104672,63],{"class":62},[52,104674,3743],{"class":66},[52,104676,71],{"class":70},[52,104678,74],{"class":66},[52,104680,77],{"class":70},[52,104682,74],{"class":66},[52,104684,77],{"class":70},[52,104686,74],{"class":66},[52,104688,104],{"class":70},[52,104690,3756],{"class":66},[52,104692,104693,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104694,104695],{"class":58},"unique_numbers ",[52,104697,63],{"class":62},[52,104699,15747],{"class":3020},[52,104701,122],{"class":66},[52,104703,86],{"class":92},[52,104705,127],{"class":66},[52,104707,104708,104710,104712,104715],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104709,119],{"class":118},[52,104711,122],{"class":66},[52,104713,104714],{"class":92},"unique_numbers",[52,104716,127],{"class":66},[20,104718,104719],{},[984,104720,2193],{},[43,104722,104723],{"className":45,"code":96703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104724,104725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104726,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104728,9399],{"class":66},[52,104730,71],{"class":70},[52,104732,74],{"class":66},[52,104734,77],{"class":70},[52,104736,74],{"class":66},[52,104738,104],{"class":70},[52,104740,80],{"class":66},[20,104742,137,104743,104745],{},[15,104744,3916],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[38,104747,104749],{"id":104748},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104751,104752,104754],{},[15,104753,3916],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104756,30649],{},[154,104758,104759,104762,104765,104768],{},[157,104760,104761],{},"A set stores unique items only",[157,104763,104764],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[157,104766,104767],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[157,104769,104770],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104772,347],{},[43,104774,104776],{"className":45,"code":104775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104777,104778,104818,104833,104837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104779,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104781,181],{"class":58},[52,104783,63],{"class":62},[52,104785,3743],{"class":66},[52,104787,189],{"class":188},[52,104789,193],{"class":192},[52,104791,189],{"class":188},[52,104793,74],{"class":66},[52,104795,200],{"class":188},[52,104797,203],{"class":192},[52,104799,189],{"class":188},[52,104801,74],{"class":66},[52,104803,200],{"class":188},[52,104805,193],{"class":192},[52,104807,189],{"class":188},[52,104809,74],{"class":66},[52,104811,200],{"class":188},[52,104813,231],{"class":192},[52,104815,189],{"class":188},[52,104817,3756],{"class":66},[52,104819,104820,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104821,104822],{"class":58},"unique_colors ",[52,104824,63],{"class":62},[52,104826,15747],{"class":3020},[52,104828,122],{"class":66},[52,104830,212],{"class":92},[52,104832,127],{"class":66},[52,104834,104835],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104836,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,104838,104839,104841,104843,104846],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,104840,119],{"class":118},[52,104842,122],{"class":66},[52,104844,104845],{"class":92},"unique_colors",[52,104847,127],{"class":66},[20,104849,30140],{},[43,104851,104853],{"className":45,"code":104852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104854,104855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104856,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104858,9399],{"class":66},[52,104860,3420],{"class":188},[52,104862,203],{"class":192},[52,104864,3420],{"class":188},[52,104866,74],{"class":66},[52,104868,3415],{"class":188},[52,104870,231],{"class":192},[52,104872,3420],{"class":188},[52,104874,74],{"class":66},[52,104876,3415],{"class":188},[52,104878,193],{"class":192},[52,104880,3420],{"class":188},[52,104882,80],{"class":66},[20,104884,2407,104885,104887],{},[15,104886,65497],{}," appears only once.",[20,104889,104890,104891,89],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[30,104892,96425],{"href":96424},[38,104894,268],{"id":267},[20,104896,2282],{},[43,104898,104900],{"className":45,"code":104899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104901,104902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104903,104904,104906,104908,104910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104905,6407],{"class":3020},[52,104907,122],{"class":66},[52,104909,290],{"class":92},[52,104911,127],{"class":66},[20,104913,104914],{},"The argument is optional.",[154,104916,104917,104920],{},[157,104918,104919],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[157,104921,104922],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104924,104925,104926,152],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104927,3916],{},[154,104929,104930,104932,104934,104936,104940],{},[157,104931,8213],{},[157,104933,49061],{},[157,104935,61283],{},[157,104937,104938],{},[15,104939,36306],{},[157,104941,104942],{},"another set",[20,104944,2249],{},[43,104946,104948],{"className":45,"code":104947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104949,104950,104976,104998,105016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104953,119],{"class":118},[52,104955,122],{"class":66},[52,104957,6407],{"class":3020},[52,104959,96],{"class":66},[52,104961,71],{"class":70},[52,104963,74],{"class":66},[52,104965,77],{"class":70},[52,104967,74],{"class":66},[52,104969,77],{"class":70},[52,104971,74],{"class":66},[52,104973,104],{"class":70},[52,104975,3117],{"class":66},[52,104977,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,104979,119],{"class":118},[52,104981,122],{"class":66},[52,104983,6407],{"class":3020},[52,104985,5629],{"class":66},[52,104987,2452],{"class":70},[52,104989,74],{"class":66},[52,104991,7908],{"class":70},[52,104993,74],{"class":66},[52,104995,6124],{"class":70},[52,104997,3031],{"class":66},[52,104999,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105001,119],{"class":118},[52,105003,122],{"class":66},[52,105005,6407],{"class":3020},[52,105007,122],{"class":66},[52,105009,189],{"class":188},[52,105011,3964],{"class":192},[52,105013,189],{"class":188},[52,105015,2150],{"class":66},[52,105017,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,105019,119],{"class":118},[52,105021,122],{"class":66},[52,105023,6407],{"class":3020},[52,105025,122],{"class":66},[52,105027,60107],{"class":118},[52,105029,122],{"class":66},[52,105031,391],{"class":70},[52,105033,3031],{"class":66},[20,105035,30140],{},[43,105037,105039],{"className":45,"code":105038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105040,105041,105057,105069,105105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105042,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105044,9399],{"class":66},[52,105046,71],{"class":70},[52,105048,74],{"class":66},[52,105050,77],{"class":70},[52,105052,74],{"class":66},[52,105054,104],{"class":70},[52,105056,80],{"class":66},[52,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105060,9399],{"class":66},[52,105062,2452],{"class":70},[52,105064,74],{"class":66},[52,105066,7908],{"class":70},[52,105068,80],{"class":66},[52,105070,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105072,9399],{"class":66},[52,105074,3420],{"class":188},[52,105076,60547],{"class":192},[52,105078,3420],{"class":188},[52,105080,74],{"class":66},[52,105082,3415],{"class":188},[52,105084,60556],{"class":192},[52,105086,3420],{"class":188},[52,105088,74],{"class":66},[52,105090,3415],{"class":188},[52,105092,60565],{"class":192},[52,105094,3420],{"class":188},[52,105096,74],{"class":66},[52,105098,3415],{"class":188},[52,105100,60582],{"class":192},[52,105102,3420],{"class":188},[52,105104,80],{"class":66},[52,105106,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,105108,9399],{"class":66},[52,105110,2243],{"class":70},[52,105112,74],{"class":66},[52,105114,5616],{"class":70},[52,105116,74],{"class":66},[52,105118,77],{"class":70},[52,105120,74],{"class":66},[52,105122,104],{"class":70},[52,105124,80],{"class":66},[20,105126,105127,105128,89],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[30,105129,105130],{"href":64952},"Python list() function explained",[38,105132,105134],{"id":105133},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105136,98367],{},[43,105138,105139],{"className":45,"code":99330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105140,105141,105151,105161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105142,105143,105145,105147,105149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105144,98377],{"class":58},[52,105146,63],{"class":62},[52,105148,15747],{"class":3020},[52,105150,8764],{"class":66},[52,105152,105153,105155,105157,105159],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105154,119],{"class":118},[52,105156,122],{"class":66},[52,105158,98396],{"class":92},[52,105160,127],{"class":66},[52,105162,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105164,119],{"class":118},[52,105166,122],{"class":66},[52,105168,3340],{"class":3020},[52,105170,122],{"class":66},[52,105172,98396],{"class":92},[52,105174,2150],{"class":66},[20,105176,2193],{},[43,105178,105179],{"className":45,"code":99373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105180,105181,105187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105182,105183,105185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105184,6407],{"class":3020},[52,105186,8764],{"class":66},[52,105188,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105190,3409],{"class":62},[52,105192,3412],{"class":2187},[52,105194,3415],{"class":188},[52,105196,6407],{"class":192},[52,105198,3420],{"class":188},[52,105200,3423],{"class":62},[20,105202,105203],{},"This is important because:",[154,105205,105206,105211],{},[157,105207,105208,105210],{},[15,105209,3916],{}," creates an empty set",[157,105212,105213,105215,105216,105218],{},[15,105214,3911],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[984,105217,986],{}," a set",[20,105220,347],{},[43,105222,105224],{"className":45,"code":105223,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105225,105226,105236,105244,105248,105262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105227,105228,105230,105232,105234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105229,1347],{"class":58},[52,105231,63],{"class":62},[52,105233,15747],{"class":3020},[52,105235,8764],{"class":66},[52,105237,105238,105240,105242],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105239,1364],{"class":58},[52,105241,63],{"class":62},[52,105243,9957],{"class":66},[52,105245,105246],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105247,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,105249,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,105251,119],{"class":118},[52,105253,122],{"class":66},[52,105255,3340],{"class":3020},[52,105257,122],{"class":66},[52,105259,30],{"class":92},[52,105261,2150],{"class":66},[52,105263,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,105265,119],{"class":118},[52,105267,122],{"class":66},[52,105269,3340],{"class":3020},[52,105271,122],{"class":66},[52,105273,1393],{"class":92},[52,105275,2150],{"class":66},[20,105277,2193],{},[43,105279,105281],{"className":45,"code":105280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105282,105283,105297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105284,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105286,3409],{"class":62},[52,105288,3412],{"class":2187},[52,105290,3415],{"class":188},[52,105292,6407],{"class":192},[52,105294,3420],{"class":188},[52,105296,3423],{"class":62},[52,105298,105299,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105300,3409],{"class":62},[52,105302,3412],{"class":2187},[52,105304,3415],{"class":188},[52,105306,8943],{"class":192},[52,105308,3420],{"class":188},[52,105310,3423],{"class":62},[20,105312,14164],{},[20,105314,105315,105316,89],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[30,105317,104572],{"href":96428},[38,105319,105321],{"id":105320},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1324,105323,105325],{"id":105324},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105327,105328,105329,89],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105330,3916],{},[43,105332,105334],{"className":45,"code":105333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105335,105336,105368,105382,105386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105337,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105339,59],{"class":58},[52,105341,63],{"class":62},[52,105343,3743],{"class":66},[52,105345,71],{"class":70},[52,105347,74],{"class":66},[52,105349,77],{"class":70},[52,105351,74],{"class":66},[52,105353,77],{"class":70},[52,105355,74],{"class":66},[52,105357,104],{"class":70},[52,105359,74],{"class":66},[52,105361,104],{"class":70},[52,105363,74],{"class":66},[52,105365,104],{"class":70},[52,105367,3756],{"class":66},[52,105369,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105371,474],{"class":58},[52,105373,63],{"class":62},[52,105375,15747],{"class":3020},[52,105377,122],{"class":66},[52,105379,86],{"class":92},[52,105381,127],{"class":66},[52,105383,105384],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105385,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,105387,105388,105390,105392,105394],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,105389,119],{"class":118},[52,105391,122],{"class":66},[52,105393,507],{"class":92},[52,105395,127],{"class":66},[20,105397,2193],{},[43,105399,105400],{"className":45,"code":96703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105401,105402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105403,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105405,9399],{"class":66},[52,105407,71],{"class":70},[52,105409,74],{"class":66},[52,105411,77],{"class":70},[52,105413,74],{"class":66},[52,105415,104],{"class":70},[52,105417,80],{"class":66},[20,105419,105420,105421,89],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[30,105422,99163],{"href":105423},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1324,105425,105427],{"id":105426},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[43,105429,105431],{"className":45,"code":105430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105432,105433,105457,105471,105475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105434,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105436,357],{"class":58},[52,105438,63],{"class":62},[52,105440,388],{"class":66},[52,105442,1705],{"class":70},[52,105444,74],{"class":66},[52,105446,396],{"class":70},[52,105448,74],{"class":66},[52,105450,6124],{"class":70},[52,105452,74],{"class":66},[52,105454,38043],{"class":70},[52,105456,127],{"class":66},[52,105458,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105460,474],{"class":58},[52,105462,63],{"class":62},[52,105464,15747],{"class":3020},[52,105466,122],{"class":66},[52,105468,370],{"class":92},[52,105470,127],{"class":66},[52,105472,105473],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105474,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,105476,105477,105479,105481,105483],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,105478,119],{"class":118},[52,105480,122],{"class":66},[52,105482,507],{"class":92},[52,105484,127],{"class":66},[20,105486,2193],{},[43,105488,105490],{"className":45,"code":105489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105491,105492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105493,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105495,9399],{"class":66},[52,105497,1705],{"class":70},[52,105499,74],{"class":66},[52,105501,6124],{"class":70},[52,105503,74],{"class":66},[52,105505,38043],{"class":70},[52,105507,80],{"class":66},[1324,105509,105511],{"id":105510},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105513,51236,105514,105516],{},[15,105515,3916],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[43,105518,105520],{"className":45,"code":105519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105521,105522,105534,105548,105552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105523,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105525,34795],{"class":58},[52,105527,63],{"class":62},[52,105529,200],{"class":188},[52,105531,1145],{"class":192},[52,105533,3479],{"class":188},[52,105535,105536,105538,105540,105542,105544,105546],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105537,474],{"class":58},[52,105539,63],{"class":62},[52,105541,15747],{"class":3020},[52,105543,122],{"class":66},[52,105545,34816],{"class":92},[52,105547,127],{"class":66},[52,105549,105550],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105551,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,105553,105554,105556,105558,105560],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,105555,119],{"class":118},[52,105557,122],{"class":66},[52,105559,507],{"class":92},[52,105561,127],{"class":66},[20,105563,30140],{},[43,105565,105567],{"className":45,"code":105566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105568,105569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105570,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105572,9399],{"class":66},[52,105574,3420],{"class":188},[52,105576,1393],{"class":192},[52,105578,3420],{"class":188},[52,105580,74],{"class":66},[52,105582,3415],{"class":188},[52,105584,30],{"class":192},[52,105586,3420],{"class":188},[52,105588,74],{"class":66},[52,105590,3415],{"class":188},[52,105592,76134],{"class":192},[52,105594,3420],{"class":188},[52,105596,80],{"class":66},[20,105598,105599],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1324,105601,105603],{"id":105602},"from-range","From range()",[43,105605,105607],{"className":45,"code":105606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105608,105609,105627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105610,105611,105613,105615,105617,105619,105621,105623,105625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105612,474],{"class":58},[52,105614,63],{"class":62},[52,105616,15747],{"class":3020},[52,105618,122],{"class":66},[52,105620,60107],{"class":118},[52,105622,122],{"class":66},[52,105624,1705],{"class":70},[52,105626,2150],{"class":66},[52,105628,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105630,119],{"class":118},[52,105632,122],{"class":66},[52,105634,507],{"class":92},[52,105636,127],{"class":66},[20,105638,2193],{},[43,105640,105642],{"className":45,"code":105641,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105643,105644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105645,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105647,9399],{"class":66},[52,105649,2243],{"class":70},[52,105651,74],{"class":66},[52,105653,5616],{"class":70},[52,105655,74],{"class":66},[52,105657,77],{"class":70},[52,105659,74],{"class":66},[52,105661,104],{"class":70},[52,105663,74],{"class":66},[52,105665,109],{"class":70},[52,105667,80],{"class":66},[38,105669,105671],{"id":105670},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105673,99610,105674,89],{},[984,105675,96467],{},[20,105677,105678],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105680,99616],{},[154,105682,105683,105687,105691,105695],{},[157,105684,105685],{},[15,105686,2310],{},[157,105688,105689],{},[15,105690,3564],{},[157,105692,105693],{},[15,105694,2314],{},[157,105696,105697,105699],{},[15,105698,49061],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105701,347],{},[43,105703,105705],{"className":45,"code":105704,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105706,105707,105738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105708,105709,105711,105713,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105710,7897],{"class":58},[52,105712,63],{"class":62},[52,105714,67],{"class":66},[52,105716,71],{"class":70},[52,105718,74],{"class":66},[52,105720,200],{"class":188},[52,105722,3964],{"class":192},[52,105724,189],{"class":188},[52,105726,74],{"class":66},[52,105728,388],{"class":66},[52,105730,2452],{"class":70},[52,105732,74],{"class":66},[52,105734,7908],{"class":70},[52,105736,105737],{"class":66},")}\n",[52,105739,105740,105742,105744,105746],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105741,119],{"class":118},[52,105743,122],{"class":66},[52,105745,7928],{"class":92},[52,105747,127],{"class":66},[20,105749,99678,105750,105752],{},[984,105751,986],{}," work inside a set:",[154,105754,105755,105759,105763],{},[157,105756,105757],{},[15,105758,8213],{},[157,105760,105761],{},[15,105762,8943],{},[157,105764,105765],{},[15,105766,6407],{},[20,105768,97188],{},[43,105770,105772],{"className":45,"code":105771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105773,105774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105775,105776,105778,105780,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105777,99697],{"class":58},[52,105779,63],{"class":62},[52,105781,99702],{"class":66},[52,105783,71],{"class":70},[52,105785,74],{"class":66},[52,105787,77],{"class":70},[52,105789,385],{"class":66},[52,105791,3743],{"class":66},[52,105793,488],{"class":70},[52,105795,74],{"class":66},[52,105797,109],{"class":70},[52,105799,13821],{"class":66},[20,105801,76962,105802,105804],{},[15,105803,1713],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105806,105807],{},"A safer example:",[43,105809,105811],{"className":45,"code":105810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105812,105813,105841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105814,105815,105818,105820,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837,105839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105816,105817],{"class":58},"good_set ",[52,105819,63],{"class":62},[52,105821,105822],{"class":66}," {(",[52,105824,71],{"class":70},[52,105826,74],{"class":66},[52,105828,77],{"class":70},[52,105830,399],{"class":66},[52,105832,388],{"class":66},[52,105834,488],{"class":70},[52,105836,74],{"class":66},[52,105838,109],{"class":70},[52,105840,105737],{"class":66},[52,105842,105843,105845,105847,105850],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105844,119],{"class":118},[52,105846,122],{"class":66},[52,105848,105849],{"class":92},"good_set",[52,105851,127],{"class":66},[20,105853,2193],{},[43,105855,105857],{"className":45,"code":105856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105858,105859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105860,105861,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105862,105863],{"class":66},"{(",[52,105865,71],{"class":70},[52,105867,74],{"class":66},[52,105869,77],{"class":70},[52,105871,399],{"class":66},[52,105873,388],{"class":66},[52,105875,488],{"class":70},[52,105877,74],{"class":66},[52,105879,109],{"class":70},[52,105881,105737],{"class":66},[38,105883,105885],{"id":105884},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105887,137,105888,10719],{},[15,105889,3916],{},[154,105891,105892,105895,105900,105903],{},[157,105893,105894],{},"you need unique values only",[157,105896,105897,105898],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105899,4003],{},[157,105901,105902],{},"order does not matter",[157,105904,105905],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105907,105908],{},"Example of membership checking:",[43,105910,105912],{"className":45,"code":105911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105913,105914,105939,105943,105959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105915,105916,105919,105921,105923,105925,105927,105929,105932,105934,105937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105917,105918],{"class":58},"allowed_ids ",[52,105920,63],{"class":62},[52,105922,15747],{"class":3020},[52,105924,96],{"class":66},[52,105926,46699],{"class":70},[52,105928,74],{"class":66},[52,105930,105931],{"class":70}," 102",[52,105933,74],{"class":66},[52,105935,105936],{"class":70}," 103",[52,105938,112],{"class":66},[52,105940,105941],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105942,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,105944,105945,105947,105949,105952,105954,105957],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105946,119],{"class":118},[52,105948,122],{"class":66},[52,105950,105951],{"class":70},"102",[52,105953,21284],{"class":3996},[52,105955,105956],{"class":92}," allowed_ids",[52,105958,127],{"class":66},[52,105960,105961,105963,105965,105968,105970,105972],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,105962,119],{"class":118},[52,105964,122],{"class":66},[52,105966,105967],{"class":70},"999",[52,105969,21284],{"class":3996},[52,105971,105956],{"class":92},[52,105973,127],{"class":66},[20,105975,2193],{},[43,105977,105978],{"className":45,"code":44283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105979,105980,105984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105981,105982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105983,4100],{"class":3971},[52,105985,105986],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,105987,4161],{"class":3971},[20,105989,105990],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[38,105992,105994],{"id":105993},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105996,105997],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1324,105999,137,106001,98309],{"id":106000},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106002,3916],{},[43,106004,106005],{"className":45,"code":98370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106006,106007,106017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106008,106009,106011,106013,106015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106010,98377],{"class":58},[52,106012,63],{"class":62},[52,106014,15747],{"class":3020},[52,106016,8764],{"class":66},[52,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106020,119],{"class":118},[52,106022,122],{"class":66},[52,106024,3340],{"class":3020},[52,106026,122],{"class":66},[52,106028,98396],{"class":92},[52,106030,2150],{"class":66},[20,106032,2193],{},[43,106034,106035],{"className":45,"code":8974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106036,106037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106038,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106040,3409],{"class":62},[52,106042,3412],{"class":2187},[52,106044,3415],{"class":188},[52,106046,6407],{"class":192},[52,106048,3420],{"class":188},[52,106050,3423],{"class":62},[1324,106052,137,106054,106056],{"id":106053},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106055,100367],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[43,106058,106060],{"className":45,"code":106059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106061,106062,106082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106063,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106078,106080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106065,59],{"class":58},[52,106067,63],{"class":62},[52,106069,67],{"class":66},[52,106071,71],{"class":70},[52,106073,74],{"class":66},[52,106075,77],{"class":70},[52,106077,74],{"class":66},[52,106079,104],{"class":70},[52,106081,80],{"class":66},[52,106083,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106085,119],{"class":118},[52,106087,122],{"class":66},[52,106089,3340],{"class":3020},[52,106091,122],{"class":66},[52,106093,86],{"class":92},[52,106095,2150],{"class":66},[20,106097,2193],{},[43,106099,106100],{"className":45,"code":8974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106101,106102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106103,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106105,3409],{"class":62},[52,106107,3412],{"class":2187},[52,106109,3415],{"class":188},[52,106111,6407],{"class":192},[52,106113,3420],{"class":188},[52,106115,3423],{"class":62},[1324,106117,137,106119,106121],{"id":106118},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106120,3911],{}," for an empty dictionary",[43,106123,106125],{"className":45,"code":106124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106126,106127,106136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106128,106129,106132,106134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106130,106131],{"class":58},"empty_dict ",[52,106133,63],{"class":62},[52,106135,9957],{"class":66},[52,106137,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146,106149],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106139,119],{"class":118},[52,106141,122],{"class":66},[52,106143,3340],{"class":3020},[52,106145,122],{"class":66},[52,106147,106148],{"class":92},"empty_dict",[52,106150,2150],{"class":66},[20,106152,2193],{},[43,106154,106155],{"className":45,"code":8930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106156,106157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106158,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167,106169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106160,3409],{"class":62},[52,106162,3412],{"class":2187},[52,106164,3415],{"class":188},[52,106166,8943],{"class":192},[52,106168,3420],{"class":188},[52,106170,3423],{"class":62},[20,106172,106173],{},"So the rule is simple:",[154,106175,106176,106181,106186],{},[157,106177,106178,106180],{},[15,106179,3916],{}," → empty set",[157,106182,106183,106185],{},[15,106184,100367],{}," → non-empty set",[157,106187,106188,106190],{},[15,106189,3911],{}," → empty dictionary",[38,106192,2948],{"id":2947},[20,106194,106195,106196,89],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106197,3916],{},[1324,106199,8538,106200,99965],{"id":99962},[15,106201,3911],{},[20,106203,106204],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[43,106206,106207],{"className":45,"code":99971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106208,106209,106217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106210,106211,106213,106215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106212,2568],{"class":58},[52,106214,63],{"class":62},[52,106216,9957],{"class":66},[52,106218,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227,106229],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106220,119],{"class":118},[52,106222,122],{"class":66},[52,106224,3340],{"class":3020},[52,106226,122],{"class":66},[52,106228,2593],{"class":92},[52,106230,2150],{"class":66},[1324,106232,106234,106235],{"id":106233},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106236,106237],{},"set(5)",[20,106239,106240,106242],{},[15,106241,3916],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[43,106244,106246],{"className":45,"code":106245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(5)\n",[15,106247,106248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106249,106250,106252,106254,106256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106251,6407],{"class":3020},[52,106253,122],{"class":66},[52,106255,1705],{"class":70},[52,106257,127],{"class":66},[20,106259,3120,106260,106262,106263,89],{},[15,106261,1713],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[30,106264,106266],{"href":106265},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1324,106268,106270],{"id":106269},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106272,106273],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,106275,106277],{"className":45,"code":106276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106278,106279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106280,106281,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106282,2568],{"class":58},[52,106284,63],{"class":62},[52,106286,99702],{"class":66},[52,106288,71],{"class":70},[52,106290,74],{"class":66},[52,106292,77],{"class":70},[52,106294,385],{"class":66},[52,106296,3743],{"class":66},[52,106298,488],{"class":70},[52,106300,74],{"class":66},[52,106302,109],{"class":70},[52,106304,13821],{"class":66},[1324,106306,8574,106308,106310],{"id":106307},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106309,3916],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106312,106313],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1324,106315,37310,106317,8826,106319,2996,106321],{"id":106316},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106318,3916],{},[15,106320,24891],{},[15,106322,9242],{},[20,106324,106325],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[38,106327,60819],{"id":60818},[20,106329,11230],{},[43,106331,106333],{"className":45,"code":106332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106334,106335,106350,106360,106374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106336,106337,106339,106341,106343,106345,106348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106338,119],{"class":118},[52,106340,122],{"class":66},[52,106342,3340],{"class":3020},[52,106344,122],{"class":66},[52,106346,106347],{"class":92},"my_value",[52,106349,2150],{"class":66},[52,106351,106352,106354,106356,106358],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106353,119],{"class":118},[52,106355,122],{"class":66},[52,106357,106347],{"class":92},[52,106359,127],{"class":66},[52,106361,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,106363,119],{"class":118},[52,106365,122],{"class":66},[52,106367,8213],{"class":3020},[52,106369,122],{"class":66},[52,106371,281],{"class":92},[52,106373,2150],{"class":66},[52,106375,106376,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,106377,119],{"class":118},[52,106379,122],{"class":66},[52,106381,11279],{"class":118},[52,106383,122],{"class":66},[52,106385,281],{"class":92},[52,106387,2150],{"class":66},[20,106389,106390],{},"What they help you see:",[154,106392,106393,106399,106404,106410],{},[157,106394,106395,106398],{},[15,106396,106397],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[157,106400,106401,90649],{},[15,106402,106403],{},"print(my_value)",[157,106405,106406,106409],{},[15,106407,106408],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[157,106411,106412,106415],{},[15,106413,106414],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[38,106417,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,106419,106421],{"id":106420},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106423,106424],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1324,106426,106428],{"id":106427},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106430,137,106431,106433,106434,106436],{},[15,106432,3916],{},". Do not use ",[15,106435,3911],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1324,106438,106440],{"id":106439},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106442,106443],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1324,106445,106447],{"id":106446},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106449,106450],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106452,347],{},[43,106454,106456],{"className":45,"code":106455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106457,106458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106459,106460,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106461,119],{"class":118},[52,106463,122],{"class":66},[52,106465,6407],{"class":3020},[52,106467,122],{"class":66},[52,106469,189],{"class":188},[52,106471,1125],{"class":192},[52,106473,189],{"class":188},[52,106475,2150],{"class":66},[20,106477,30140],{},[43,106479,106481],{"className":45,"code":106480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106482,106483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106484,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106486,9399],{"class":66},[52,106488,3420],{"class":188},[52,106490,30],{"class":192},[52,106492,3420],{"class":188},[52,106494,74],{"class":66},[52,106496,3415],{"class":188},[52,106498,20],{"class":192},[52,106500,3420],{"class":188},[52,106502,74],{"class":66},[52,106504,3415],{"class":188},[52,106506,60565],{"class":192},[52,106508,3420],{"class":188},[52,106510,74],{"class":66},[52,106512,3415],{"class":188},[52,106514,60556],{"class":192},[52,106516,3420],{"class":188},[52,106518,80],{"class":66},[1324,106520,5276,106522,106525],{"id":106521},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106523,106524],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106527,106528,28795,106530,106533],{},[15,106529,3916],{},[984,106531,106532],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106535,106536],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[43,106538,106540],{"className":45,"code":106539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106541,106542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106543,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106545,119],{"class":118},[52,106547,122],{"class":66},[52,106549,6407],{"class":3020},[52,106551,96],{"class":66},[52,106553,71],{"class":70},[52,106555,74],{"class":66},[52,106557,77],{"class":70},[52,106559,74],{"class":66},[52,106561,104],{"class":70},[52,106563,74],{"class":66},[52,106565,109],{"class":70},[52,106567,3117],{"class":66},[38,106569,1996],{"id":1995},[154,106571,106572,106576,106580,106584,106588],{},[157,106573,106574],{},[30,106575,96425],{"href":96424},[157,106577,106578],{},[30,106579,104572],{"href":96428},[157,106581,106582],{},[30,106583,2026],{"href":105423},[157,106585,106586],{},[30,106587,105130],{"href":64952},[157,106589,106590],{},[30,106591,106266],{"href":106265},[2044,106593,106594],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":106596},[106597,106598,106599,106600,106601,106607,106608,106609,106617,106627,106628,106636],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":104748,"depth":83,"text":104749},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":105133,"depth":83,"text":105134},{"id":105320,"depth":83,"text":105321,"children":106602},[106603,106604,106605,106606],{"id":105324,"depth":115,"text":105325},{"id":105426,"depth":115,"text":105427},{"id":105510,"depth":115,"text":105511},{"id":105602,"depth":115,"text":105603},{"id":105670,"depth":83,"text":105671},{"id":105884,"depth":83,"text":105885},{"id":105993,"depth":83,"text":105994,"children":106610},[106611,106613,106615],{"id":106000,"depth":115,"text":106612},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106053,"depth":115,"text":106614},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106118,"depth":115,"text":106616},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":106618},[106619,106620,106622,106623,106625],{"id":99962,"depth":115,"text":100469},{"id":106233,"depth":115,"text":106621},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106269,"depth":115,"text":106270},{"id":106307,"depth":115,"text":106624},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106316,"depth":115,"text":106626},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60818,"depth":83,"text":60819},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":106629},[106630,106631,106632,106633,106634],{"id":106420,"depth":115,"text":106421},{"id":106427,"depth":115,"text":106428},{"id":106439,"depth":115,"text":106440},{"id":106446,"depth":115,"text":106447},{"id":106521,"depth":115,"text":106635},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104630,"description":106637},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106644,"title":106645,"body":106646,"description":108159,"extension":2083,"meta":108160,"navigation":240,"path":108161,"seo":108162,"stem":108163,"__hash__":108164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106647,"toc":108135},[106648,106654,106659,106662,106745,106750,106755,106760,106762,106775,106779,106781,106800,106803,106826,106829,106840,106842,106923,106925,106942,106944,106950,106953,107048,107050,107081,107083,107091,107093,107096,107207,107209,107234,107236,107258,107263,107268,107274,107383,107385,107401,107404,107407,107490,107492,107509,107517,107519,107523,107529,107620,107622,107655,107660,107667,107744,107746,107763,107768,107770,107774,107790,107793,107819,107821,107882,107884,108007,108009,108060,108066,108068,108073,108075,108081,108084,108088,108091,108095,108098,108108,108110,108132],[10,106649,3697,106651,18],{"id":106650},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106652,106653],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106655,2100,106656,106658],{},[15,106657,106653],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106660,106661],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[43,106663,106665],{"className":45,"code":106664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106666,106667,106687,106707,106711,106730,106740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106668,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106670,1347],{"class":58},[52,106672,63],{"class":62},[52,106674,67],{"class":66},[52,106676,71],{"class":70},[52,106678,74],{"class":66},[52,106680,77],{"class":70},[52,106682,74],{"class":66},[52,106684,104],{"class":70},[52,106686,80],{"class":66},[52,106688,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106690,1364],{"class":58},[52,106692,63],{"class":62},[52,106694,67],{"class":66},[52,106696,99],{"class":70},[52,106698,74],{"class":66},[52,106700,104],{"class":70},[52,106702,74],{"class":66},[52,106704,109],{"class":70},[52,106706,80],{"class":66},[52,106708,106709],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,106710,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,106712,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106724,106726,106728],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,106714,474],{"class":58},[52,106716,63],{"class":62},[52,106718,1472],{"class":58},[52,106720,89],{"class":66},[52,106722,106723],{"class":92},"intersection",[52,106725,122],{"class":66},[52,106727,1393],{"class":92},[52,106729,127],{"class":66},[52,106731,106732,106734,106736,106738],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,106733,119],{"class":118},[52,106735,122],{"class":66},[52,106737,507],{"class":92},[52,106739,127],{"class":66},[52,106741,106742],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,106743,106744],{"class":133},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106746,137,106747,106749],{},[15,106748,102873],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[38,106751,13113,106753,13116],{"id":106752},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106754,102873],{},[20,106756,106757,106759],{},[15,106758,102873],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106761,13169],{},[154,106763,106764,106767,106769,106772],{},[157,106765,106766],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[157,106768,100645],{},[157,106770,106771],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[157,106773,106774],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106776,429,106777,89],{},[30,106778,96425],{"href":96424},[38,106780,268],{"id":267},[43,106782,106784],{"className":45,"code":106783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106785,106786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106787,106788,106790,106792,106794,106796,106798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106789,100669],{"class":58},[52,106791,89],{"class":66},[52,106793,106723],{"class":92},[52,106795,122],{"class":66},[52,106797,100678],{"class":92},[52,106799,127],{"class":66},[20,106801,106802],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[43,106804,106806],{"className":45,"code":106805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106807,106808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106809,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818,106820,106822,106824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106811,100669],{"class":58},[52,106813,89],{"class":66},[52,106815,106723],{"class":92},[52,106817,122],{"class":66},[52,106819,100678],{"class":92},[52,106821,74],{"class":66},[52,106823,100705],{"class":92},[52,106825,127],{"class":66},[20,106827,106828],{},"Important notes:",[154,106830,106831,106834,106837],{},[157,106832,106833],{},"The result is always a new set",[157,106835,106836],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[157,106838,106839],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106841,347],{},[43,106843,106845],{"className":45,"code":106844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106846,106847,106871,106891,106895,106913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106848,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106850,1347],{"class":58},[52,106852,63],{"class":62},[52,106854,67],{"class":66},[52,106856,71],{"class":70},[52,106858,74],{"class":66},[52,106860,77],{"class":70},[52,106862,74],{"class":66},[52,106864,104],{"class":70},[52,106866,74],{"class":66},[52,106868,109],{"class":70},[52,106870,80],{"class":66},[52,106872,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106874,1364],{"class":58},[52,106876,63],{"class":62},[52,106878,67],{"class":66},[52,106880,488],{"class":70},[52,106882,74],{"class":66},[52,106884,109],{"class":70},[52,106886,74],{"class":66},[52,106888,396],{"class":70},[52,106890,80],{"class":66},[52,106892,106893],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,106894,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,106898,474],{"class":58},[52,106900,63],{"class":62},[52,106902,1472],{"class":58},[52,106904,89],{"class":66},[52,106906,106723],{"class":92},[52,106908,122],{"class":66},[52,106910,1393],{"class":92},[52,106912,127],{"class":66},[52,106914,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,106916,119],{"class":118},[52,106918,122],{"class":66},[52,106920,507],{"class":92},[52,106922,127],{"class":66},[20,106924,2193],{},[43,106926,106928],{"className":45,"code":106927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106929,106930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106931,106932,106934,106936,106938,106940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106933,9399],{"class":66},[52,106935,488],{"class":70},[52,106937,74],{"class":66},[52,106939,109],{"class":70},[52,106941,80],{"class":66},[38,106943,17533],{"id":17532},[20,106945,106946,22084,106948,89],{},[15,106947,102873],{},[984,106949,6407],{},[20,106951,106952],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[43,106954,106956],{"className":45,"code":106955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106957,106958,106978,106998,107002,107020,107024,107034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106959,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106961,1347],{"class":58},[52,106963,63],{"class":62},[52,106965,67],{"class":66},[52,106967,71],{"class":70},[52,106969,74],{"class":66},[52,106971,77],{"class":70},[52,106973,74],{"class":66},[52,106975,104],{"class":70},[52,106977,80],{"class":66},[52,106979,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,106981,1364],{"class":58},[52,106983,63],{"class":62},[52,106985,67],{"class":66},[52,106987,99],{"class":70},[52,106989,74],{"class":66},[52,106991,104],{"class":70},[52,106993,74],{"class":66},[52,106995,109],{"class":70},[52,106997,80],{"class":66},[52,106999,107000],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107001,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107003,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016,107018],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107005,474],{"class":58},[52,107007,63],{"class":62},[52,107009,1472],{"class":58},[52,107011,89],{"class":66},[52,107013,106723],{"class":92},[52,107015,122],{"class":66},[52,107017,1393],{"class":92},[52,107019,127],{"class":66},[52,107021,107022],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,107023,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107025,107026,107028,107030,107032],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,107027,119],{"class":118},[52,107029,122],{"class":66},[52,107031,507],{"class":92},[52,107033,127],{"class":66},[52,107035,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,107037,119],{"class":118},[52,107039,122],{"class":66},[52,107041,3340],{"class":3020},[52,107043,122],{"class":66},[52,107045,507],{"class":92},[52,107047,2150],{"class":66},[20,107049,2193],{},[43,107051,107053],{"className":45,"code":107052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107054,107055,107067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107056,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107058,9399],{"class":66},[52,107060,99],{"class":70},[52,107062,74],{"class":66},[52,107064,104],{"class":70},[52,107066,80],{"class":66},[52,107068,107069,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107070,3409],{"class":62},[52,107072,3412],{"class":2187},[52,107074,3415],{"class":188},[52,107076,6407],{"class":192},[52,107078,3420],{"class":188},[52,107080,3423],{"class":62},[20,107082,85912],{},[154,107084,107085,107088],{},[157,107086,107087],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[157,107089,107090],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[38,107092,11592],{"id":11591},[20,107094,107095],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[43,107097,107099],{"className":45,"code":107098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107100,107101,107134,107167,107171,107192,107196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107102,107103,107106,107108,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107104,107105],{"class":58},"colors1 ",[52,107107,63],{"class":62},[52,107109,67],{"class":66},[52,107111,189],{"class":188},[52,107113,193],{"class":192},[52,107115,189],{"class":188},[52,107117,74],{"class":66},[52,107119,200],{"class":188},[52,107121,203],{"class":192},[52,107123,189],{"class":188},[52,107125,74],{"class":66},[52,107127,200],{"class":188},[52,107129,231],{"class":192},[52,107131,189],{"class":188},[52,107133,80],{"class":66},[52,107135,107136,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107137,107138],{"class":58},"colors2 ",[52,107140,63],{"class":62},[52,107142,67],{"class":66},[52,107144,189],{"class":188},[52,107146,231],{"class":192},[52,107148,189],{"class":188},[52,107150,74],{"class":66},[52,107152,200],{"class":188},[52,107154,22633],{"class":192},[52,107156,189],{"class":188},[52,107158,74],{"class":66},[52,107160,200],{"class":188},[52,107162,203],{"class":192},[52,107164,189],{"class":188},[52,107166,80],{"class":66},[52,107168,107169],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107170,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107172,107173,107176,107178,107181,107183,107185,107187,107190],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107174,107175],{"class":58},"common_colors ",[52,107177,63],{"class":62},[52,107179,107180],{"class":58}," colors1",[52,107182,89],{"class":66},[52,107184,106723],{"class":92},[52,107186,122],{"class":66},[52,107188,107189],{"class":92},"colors2",[52,107191,127],{"class":66},[52,107193,107194],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,107195,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107197,107198,107200,107202,107205],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,107199,119],{"class":118},[52,107201,122],{"class":66},[52,107203,107204],{"class":92},"common_colors",[52,107206,127],{"class":66},[20,107208,2193],{},[43,107210,107212],{"className":45,"code":107211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107213,107214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107215,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230,107232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107217,9399],{"class":66},[52,107219,3420],{"class":188},[52,107221,203],{"class":192},[52,107223,3420],{"class":188},[52,107225,74],{"class":66},[52,107227,3415],{"class":188},[52,107229,231],{"class":192},[52,107231,3420],{"class":188},[52,107233,80],{"class":66},[20,107235,656],{},[154,107237,107238,107244,107248,107253],{},[157,107239,107240,107243],{},[15,107241,107242],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[157,107245,107246,107243],{},[15,107247,107189],{},[157,107249,107250,107252],{},[15,107251,102873],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[157,107254,107255,107256],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107257,107204],{},[38,107259,8538,107261,101242],{"id":107260},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107262,102873],{},[20,107264,107265,107266,89],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107267,102873],{},[20,107269,107270,107271,107273],{},"Only the values found in ",[984,107272,3836],{}," inputs will be kept.",[43,107275,107277],{"className":45,"code":107276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107278,107279,107303,107327,107347,107351,107373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107280,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107282,1347],{"class":58},[52,107284,63],{"class":62},[52,107286,67],{"class":66},[52,107288,71],{"class":70},[52,107290,74],{"class":66},[52,107292,77],{"class":70},[52,107294,74],{"class":66},[52,107296,104],{"class":70},[52,107298,74],{"class":66},[52,107300,109],{"class":70},[52,107302,80],{"class":66},[52,107304,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107306,1364],{"class":58},[52,107308,63],{"class":62},[52,107310,67],{"class":66},[52,107312,99],{"class":70},[52,107314,74],{"class":66},[52,107316,104],{"class":70},[52,107318,74],{"class":66},[52,107320,109],{"class":70},[52,107322,74],{"class":66},[52,107324,396],{"class":70},[52,107326,80],{"class":66},[52,107328,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107330,1467],{"class":58},[52,107332,63],{"class":62},[52,107334,67],{"class":66},[52,107336,488],{"class":70},[52,107338,74],{"class":66},[52,107340,109],{"class":70},[52,107342,74],{"class":66},[52,107344,37750],{"class":70},[52,107346,80],{"class":66},[52,107348,107349],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107350,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107352,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,107354,474],{"class":58},[52,107356,63],{"class":62},[52,107358,1472],{"class":58},[52,107360,89],{"class":66},[52,107362,106723],{"class":92},[52,107364,122],{"class":66},[52,107366,1393],{"class":92},[52,107368,74],{"class":66},[52,107370,342],{"class":92},[52,107372,127],{"class":66},[52,107374,107375,107377,107379,107381],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,107376,119],{"class":118},[52,107378,122],{"class":66},[52,107380,507],{"class":92},[52,107382,127],{"class":66},[20,107384,2193],{},[43,107386,107387],{"className":45,"code":106927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,107388,107389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107390,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107392,9399],{"class":66},[52,107394,488],{"class":70},[52,107396,74],{"class":66},[52,107398,109],{"class":70},[52,107400,80],{"class":66},[20,107402,107403],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107405,107406],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[43,107408,107410],{"className":45,"code":107409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107411,107412,107436,107440,107480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107413,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107415,1347],{"class":58},[52,107417,63],{"class":62},[52,107419,67],{"class":66},[52,107421,71],{"class":70},[52,107423,74],{"class":66},[52,107425,77],{"class":70},[52,107427,74],{"class":66},[52,107429,104],{"class":70},[52,107431,74],{"class":66},[52,107433,109],{"class":70},[52,107435,80],{"class":66},[52,107437,107438],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107439,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107441,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107443,474],{"class":58},[52,107445,63],{"class":62},[52,107447,1472],{"class":58},[52,107449,89],{"class":66},[52,107451,106723],{"class":92},[52,107453,96],{"class":66},[52,107455,99],{"class":70},[52,107457,74],{"class":66},[52,107459,109],{"class":70},[52,107461,74],{"class":66},[52,107463,37750],{"class":70},[52,107465,385],{"class":66},[52,107467,388],{"class":66},[52,107469,71],{"class":70},[52,107471,74],{"class":66},[52,107473,77],{"class":70},[52,107475,74],{"class":66},[52,107477,109],{"class":70},[52,107479,2150],{"class":66},[52,107481,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107483,119],{"class":118},[52,107485,122],{"class":66},[52,107487,507],{"class":92},[52,107489,127],{"class":66},[20,107491,2193],{},[43,107493,107495],{"className":45,"code":107494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107496,107497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107498,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107500,9399],{"class":66},[52,107502,99],{"class":70},[52,107504,74],{"class":66},[52,107506,109],{"class":70},[52,107508,80],{"class":66},[38,107510,107512,1083,107514],{"id":107511},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107513,102873],{},[15,107515,107516],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107518,101412],{},[1324,107520,107521],{"id":106723},[15,107522,102873],{},[154,107524,107525,107527],{},[157,107526,1418],{},[157,107528,1421],{},[43,107530,107532],{"className":45,"code":107531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107533,107534,107554,107574,107578,107596,107600,107610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107535,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107537,1347],{"class":58},[52,107539,63],{"class":62},[52,107541,67],{"class":66},[52,107543,71],{"class":70},[52,107545,74],{"class":66},[52,107547,77],{"class":70},[52,107549,74],{"class":66},[52,107551,104],{"class":70},[52,107553,80],{"class":66},[52,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107557,1364],{"class":58},[52,107559,63],{"class":62},[52,107561,67],{"class":66},[52,107563,99],{"class":70},[52,107565,74],{"class":66},[52,107567,104],{"class":70},[52,107569,74],{"class":66},[52,107571,109],{"class":70},[52,107573,80],{"class":66},[52,107575,107576],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107577,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107579,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107581,474],{"class":58},[52,107583,63],{"class":62},[52,107585,1472],{"class":58},[52,107587,89],{"class":66},[52,107589,106723],{"class":92},[52,107591,122],{"class":66},[52,107593,1393],{"class":92},[52,107595,127],{"class":66},[52,107597,107598],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,107599,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107601,107602,107604,107606,107608],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,107603,119],{"class":118},[52,107605,122],{"class":66},[52,107607,30],{"class":92},[52,107609,127],{"class":66},[52,107611,107612,107614,107616,107618],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,107613,119],{"class":118},[52,107615,122],{"class":66},[52,107617,507],{"class":92},[52,107619,127],{"class":66},[20,107621,2193],{},[43,107623,107625],{"className":45,"code":107624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107626,107627,107643],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107628,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107630,9399],{"class":66},[52,107632,71],{"class":70},[52,107634,74],{"class":66},[52,107636,77],{"class":70},[52,107638,74],{"class":66},[52,107640,104],{"class":70},[52,107642,80],{"class":66},[52,107644,107645,107647,107649,107651,107653],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107646,9399],{"class":66},[52,107648,99],{"class":70},[52,107650,74],{"class":66},[52,107652,104],{"class":70},[52,107654,80],{"class":66},[1324,107656,107658],{"id":107657},"intersection_update",[15,107659,107516],{},[154,107661,107662,107664],{},[157,107663,101562],{},[157,107665,107666],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[43,107668,107670],{"className":45,"code":107669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107671,107672,107692,107712,107716,107730,107734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107673,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107675,1347],{"class":58},[52,107677,63],{"class":62},[52,107679,67],{"class":66},[52,107681,71],{"class":70},[52,107683,74],{"class":66},[52,107685,77],{"class":70},[52,107687,74],{"class":66},[52,107689,104],{"class":70},[52,107691,80],{"class":66},[52,107693,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107695,1364],{"class":58},[52,107697,63],{"class":62},[52,107699,67],{"class":66},[52,107701,99],{"class":70},[52,107703,74],{"class":66},[52,107705,104],{"class":70},[52,107707,74],{"class":66},[52,107709,109],{"class":70},[52,107711,80],{"class":66},[52,107713,107714],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107715,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107717,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107719,30],{"class":58},[52,107721,89],{"class":66},[52,107723,107657],{"class":92},[52,107725,122],{"class":66},[52,107727,1393],{"class":92},[52,107729,127],{"class":66},[52,107731,107732],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,107733,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107735,107736,107738,107740,107742],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,107737,119],{"class":118},[52,107739,122],{"class":66},[52,107741,30],{"class":92},[52,107743,127],{"class":66},[20,107745,2193],{},[43,107747,107749],{"className":45,"code":107748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107750,107751],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107752,107753,107755,107757,107759,107761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107754,9399],{"class":66},[52,107756,99],{"class":70},[52,107758,74],{"class":66},[52,107760,104],{"class":70},[52,107762,80],{"class":66},[20,107764,1515,107765,107767],{},[15,107766,102873],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[38,107769,4636],{"id":4635},[20,107771,14848,107772,152],{},[15,107773,102873],{},[154,107775,107776,107779,107782,107785],{},[157,107777,107778],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[157,107780,107781],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[157,107783,107784],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[157,107786,107787,107788],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107789,102873],{},[20,107791,107792],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[154,107794,107795,107800,107803,107816],{},[157,107796,8538,107797,107799],{},[15,107798,102873],{}," when order matters",[157,107801,107802],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[157,107804,37310,107805,8826,107807,2996,107812],{},[15,107806,102873],{},[30,107808,107810],{"href":107809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107811,1319],{},[30,107813,107814],{"href":102920},[15,107815,100498],{},[157,107817,107818],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107820,30246],{},[43,107822,107824],{"className":45,"code":107823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107825,107826,107836,107850,107868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107827,107828,107830,107832,107834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107829,119],{"class":118},[52,107831,122],{"class":66},[52,107833,281],{"class":92},[52,107835,127],{"class":66},[52,107837,107838,107840,107842,107844,107846,107848],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107839,119],{"class":118},[52,107841,122],{"class":66},[52,107843,3340],{"class":3020},[52,107845,122],{"class":66},[52,107847,507],{"class":92},[52,107849,2150],{"class":66},[52,107851,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107853,119],{"class":118},[52,107855,122],{"class":66},[52,107857,100669],{"class":92},[52,107859,89],{"class":66},[52,107861,106723],{"class":92},[52,107863,122],{"class":66},[52,107865,100678],{"class":92},[52,107867,2150],{"class":66},[52,107869,107870,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107871,119],{"class":118},[52,107873,122],{"class":66},[52,107875,11279],{"class":118},[52,107877,122],{"class":66},[52,107879,507],{"class":92},[52,107881,2150],{"class":66},[20,107883,347],{},[43,107885,107887],{"className":45,"code":107886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107888,107889,107913,107933,107937,107955,107959,107969,107979,107993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107890,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107892,59],{"class":58},[52,107894,63],{"class":62},[52,107896,67],{"class":66},[52,107898,71],{"class":70},[52,107900,74],{"class":66},[52,107902,77],{"class":70},[52,107904,74],{"class":66},[52,107906,77],{"class":70},[52,107908,74],{"class":66},[52,107910,104],{"class":70},[52,107912,80],{"class":66},[52,107914,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,107916,43658],{"class":58},[52,107918,63],{"class":62},[52,107920,67],{"class":66},[52,107922,99],{"class":70},[52,107924,74],{"class":66},[52,107926,104],{"class":70},[52,107928,74],{"class":66},[52,107930,109],{"class":70},[52,107932,80],{"class":66},[52,107934,107935],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107936,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107938,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,107940,474],{"class":58},[52,107942,63],{"class":62},[52,107944,479],{"class":58},[52,107946,89],{"class":66},[52,107948,106723],{"class":92},[52,107950,122],{"class":66},[52,107952,30852],{"class":92},[52,107954,127],{"class":66},[52,107956,107957],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,107958,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,107960,107961,107963,107965,107967],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,107962,119],{"class":118},[52,107964,122],{"class":66},[52,107966,86],{"class":92},[52,107968,127],{"class":66},[52,107970,107971,107973,107975,107977],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,107972,119],{"class":118},[52,107974,122],{"class":66},[52,107976,507],{"class":92},[52,107978,127],{"class":66},[52,107980,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,107982,119],{"class":118},[52,107984,122],{"class":66},[52,107986,3340],{"class":3020},[52,107988,122],{"class":66},[52,107990,507],{"class":92},[52,107992,2150],{"class":66},[52,107994,107995,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,107996,119],{"class":118},[52,107998,122],{"class":66},[52,108000,11279],{"class":118},[52,108002,122],{"class":66},[52,108004,507],{"class":92},[52,108006,2150],{"class":66},[20,108008,2193],{},[43,108010,108012],{"className":45,"code":108011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108013,108014,108030,108042,108056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108015,108016,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026,108028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108017,9399],{"class":66},[52,108019,71],{"class":70},[52,108021,74],{"class":66},[52,108023,77],{"class":70},[52,108025,74],{"class":66},[52,108027,104],{"class":70},[52,108029,80],{"class":66},[52,108031,108032,108034,108036,108038,108040],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108033,9399],{"class":66},[52,108035,99],{"class":70},[52,108037,74],{"class":66},[52,108039,104],{"class":70},[52,108041,80],{"class":66},[52,108043,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108045,3409],{"class":62},[52,108047,3412],{"class":2187},[52,108049,3415],{"class":188},[52,108051,6407],{"class":192},[52,108053,3420],{"class":188},[52,108055,3423],{"class":62},[52,108057,108058],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,108059,17170],{"class":70},[20,108061,108062,108063,108065],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108064,99],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,108067,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,108069,1937,108071,102821],{"id":108070},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108072,102873],{},[20,108074,102824],{},[1324,108076,5288,108078,108080],{"id":108077},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108079,102873],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108082,108083],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1324,108085,108087],{"id":108086},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108089,108090],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1324,108092,108094],{"id":108093},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108096,108097],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[43,108099,108100],{"className":45,"code":97546,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,108101,108102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108103,108104,108106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108105,6407],{"class":3020},[52,108107,8764],{"class":66},[38,108109,1996],{"id":1995},[154,108111,108112,108116,108122,108128],{},[157,108113,108114],{},[30,108115,96425],{"href":96424},[157,108117,108118],{},[30,108119,3697,108120,10859],{"href":107809},[15,108121,795],{},[157,108123,108124],{},[30,108125,3697,108126,10859],{"href":102920},[15,108127,100503],{},[157,108129,108130],{},[30,108131,2026],{"href":105423},[2044,108133,108134],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":108136},[108137,108139,108140,108141,108142,108144,108149,108150,108158],{"id":106752,"depth":83,"text":108138},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":107260,"depth":83,"text":108143},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107511,"depth":83,"text":108145,"children":108146},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108147,108148],{"id":106723,"depth":115,"text":102873},{"id":107657,"depth":115,"text":107516},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":108151},[108152,108154,108156,108157],{"id":108070,"depth":115,"text":108153},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108077,"depth":115,"text":108155},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108086,"depth":115,"text":108087},{"id":108093,"depth":115,"text":108094},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106645,"description":108159},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108166,"title":108167,"body":108168,"description":109404,"extension":2083,"meta":109405,"navigation":240,"path":109406,"seo":109407,"stem":109408,"__hash__":109409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108169,"toc":109371},[108170,108175,108181,108190,108192,108267,108272,108287,108297,108302,108306,108319,108323,108325,108340,108342,108358,108360,108435,108439,108442,108444,108461,108466,108521,108526,108538,108542,108545,108646,108648,108689,108692,108696,108703,108705,108730,108733,108751,108758,108764,108767,108849,108856,108859,108939,108948,108951,108956,108960,108974,109023,109028,109032,109043,109092,109103,109108,109112,109124,109173,109184,109186,109190,109213,109215,109272,109274,109288,109290,109296,109302,109308,109317,109321,109328,109332,109340,109342,109368],[10,108171,13,108173,18],{"id":108172},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108174,12879],{},[20,108176,108177,108180],{},[15,108178,108179],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108182,108183,108184,108186,108187,108189],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[984,108185,986],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108188,12879],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[38,108191,2125],{"id":2124},[43,108193,108195],{"className":45,"code":108194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108196,108197,108229,108243,108247,108257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108198,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221,108223,108225,108227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108200,7897],{"class":58},[52,108202,63],{"class":62},[52,108204,67],{"class":66},[52,108206,189],{"class":188},[52,108208,1125],{"class":192},[52,108210,189],{"class":188},[52,108212,74],{"class":66},[52,108214,200],{"class":188},[52,108216,1145],{"class":192},[52,108218,189],{"class":188},[52,108220,74],{"class":66},[52,108222,200],{"class":188},[52,108224,4215],{"class":192},[52,108226,189],{"class":188},[52,108228,80],{"class":66},[52,108230,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108232,70038],{"class":58},[52,108234,63],{"class":62},[52,108236,6085],{"class":58},[52,108238,89],{"class":66},[52,108240,26351],{"class":92},[52,108242,8764],{"class":66},[52,108244,108245],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108246,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,108248,108249,108251,108253,108255],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,108250,119],{"class":118},[52,108252,122],{"class":66},[52,108254,70061],{"class":92},[52,108256,127],{"class":66},[52,108258,108259,108261,108263,108265],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,108260,119],{"class":118},[52,108262,122],{"class":66},[52,108264,7928],{"class":92},[52,108266,127],{"class":66},[20,108268,108269],{},[984,108270,108271],{},"What this does:",[154,108273,108274,108279,108284],{},[157,108275,108276,108277],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108278,7928],{},[157,108280,108281,108282],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108283,70061],{},[157,108285,108286],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108288,108289,89063,108291,108293,108294,108296],{},[984,108290,83921],{},[15,108292,108179],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[984,108295,986],{}," chosen by index.",[38,108298,144,108300,147],{"id":108299},"what-setpop-does",[15,108301,108179],{},[20,108303,108304,152],{},[15,108305,108179],{},[154,108307,108308,108310,108313,108316],{},[157,108309,103122],{},[157,108311,108312],{},"Returns the removed item",[157,108314,108315],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[157,108317,108318],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108320,429,108321,89],{},[30,108322,96425],{"href":97587},[38,108324,268],{"id":267},[43,108326,108328],{"className":45,"code":108327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108329,108330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108331,108332,108334,108336,108338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108333,281],{"class":58},[52,108335,89],{"class":66},[52,108337,26351],{"class":92},[52,108339,8764],{"class":66},[20,108341,13169],{},[154,108343,108344,108350,108355],{},[157,108345,108346,108347],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108348,108349],{},"my_set.pop()",[157,108351,108352,108353],{},"It takes ",[984,108354,28798],{},[157,108356,108357],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108359,347],{},[43,108361,108363],{"className":45,"code":108362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108364,108365,108397,108411,108415,108425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108366,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391,108393,108395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108368,181],{"class":58},[52,108370,63],{"class":62},[52,108372,67],{"class":66},[52,108374,189],{"class":188},[52,108376,193],{"class":192},[52,108378,189],{"class":188},[52,108380,74],{"class":66},[52,108382,200],{"class":188},[52,108384,203],{"class":192},[52,108386,189],{"class":188},[52,108388,74],{"class":66},[52,108390,200],{"class":188},[52,108392,231],{"class":192},[52,108394,189],{"class":188},[52,108396,80],{"class":66},[52,108398,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108400,28648],{"class":58},[52,108402,63],{"class":62},[52,108404,13238],{"class":58},[52,108406,89],{"class":66},[52,108408,26351],{"class":92},[52,108410,8764],{"class":66},[52,108412,108413],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108414,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,108416,108417,108419,108421,108423],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,108418,119],{"class":118},[52,108420,122],{"class":66},[52,108422,23420],{"class":92},[52,108424,127],{"class":66},[52,108426,108427,108429,108431,108433],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,108428,119],{"class":118},[52,108430,122],{"class":66},[52,108432,212],{"class":92},[52,108434,127],{"class":66},[38,108436,108438],{"id":108437},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108440,108441],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108443,2230],{},[154,108445,108446,108452,108455],{},[157,108447,108448,108449,108451],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108450,12879],{}," removes",[157,108453,108454],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[157,108456,108457,108458,108460],{},"You should not use ",[15,108459,12879],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108462,10580,108463,108465],{},[984,108464,986],{}," valid:",[43,108467,108469],{"className":45,"code":108468,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108470,108471,108503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108472,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108474,1116],{"class":58},[52,108476,63],{"class":62},[52,108478,67],{"class":66},[52,108480,189],{"class":188},[52,108482,1125],{"class":192},[52,108484,189],{"class":188},[52,108486,74],{"class":66},[52,108488,200],{"class":188},[52,108490,1145],{"class":192},[52,108492,189],{"class":188},[52,108494,74],{"class":66},[52,108496,200],{"class":188},[52,108498,4215],{"class":192},[52,108500,189],{"class":188},[52,108502,80],{"class":66},[52,108504,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108506,1134],{"class":58},[52,108508,89],{"class":66},[52,108510,26351],{"class":92},[52,108512,122],{"class":66},[52,108514,189],{"class":188},[52,108516,1125],{"class":192},[52,108518,189],{"class":188},[52,108520,127],{"class":66},[20,108522,39760,108523,108525],{},[15,108524,108179],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108527,108528,108529,2996,108533,89],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[30,108530,108531],{"href":98296},[15,108532,102948],{},[30,108534,108536],{"href":108535},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108537,102939],{},[38,108539,108541],{"id":108540},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108543,108544],{},"Here is a simple example:",[43,108546,108548],{"className":45,"code":108547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108549,108550,108584,108588,108604,108608,108627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108551,108552,108555,108557,108559,108561,108563,108565,108567,108569,108571,108573,108575,108577,108580,108582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108553,108554],{"class":58},"animals ",[52,108556,63],{"class":62},[52,108558,67],{"class":66},[52,108560,189],{"class":188},[52,108562,950],{"class":192},[52,108564,189],{"class":188},[52,108566,74],{"class":66},[52,108568,200],{"class":188},[52,108570,1034],{"class":192},[52,108572,189],{"class":188},[52,108574,74],{"class":66},[52,108576,200],{"class":188},[52,108578,108579],{"class":192},"rabbit",[52,108581,189],{"class":188},[52,108583,80],{"class":66},[52,108585,108586],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108587,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,108589,108590,108593,108595,108598,108600,108602],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108591,108592],{"class":58},"removed_animal ",[52,108594,63],{"class":62},[52,108596,108597],{"class":58}," animals",[52,108599,89],{"class":66},[52,108601,26351],{"class":92},[52,108603,8764],{"class":66},[52,108605,108606],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,108607,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,108609,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108622,108625],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,108611,119],{"class":118},[52,108613,122],{"class":66},[52,108615,189],{"class":188},[52,108617,29066],{"class":192},[52,108619,189],{"class":188},[52,108621,74],{"class":66},[52,108623,108624],{"class":92}," removed_animal",[52,108626,127],{"class":66},[52,108628,108629,108631,108633,108635,108638,108640,108642,108644],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,108630,119],{"class":118},[52,108632,122],{"class":66},[52,108634,189],{"class":188},[52,108636,108637],{"class":192},"Updated set:",[52,108639,189],{"class":188},[52,108641,74],{"class":66},[52,108643,108597],{"class":92},[52,108645,127],{"class":66},[20,108647,30140],{},[43,108649,108651],{"className":45,"code":108650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108652,108653,108662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108654,108655,108657,108659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108656,29108],{"class":58},[52,108658,152],{"class":66},[52,108660,108661],{"class":58}," dog\n",[52,108663,108664,108667,108669,108671,108673,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108685,108687],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108665,108666],{"class":58},"Updated ",[52,108668,6407],{"class":3020},[52,108670,152],{"class":66},[52,108672,67],{"class":66},[52,108674,3420],{"class":188},[52,108676,950],{"class":192},[52,108678,3420],{"class":188},[52,108680,74],{"class":66},[52,108682,3415],{"class":188},[52,108684,108579],{"class":192},[52,108686,3420],{"class":188},[52,108688,80],{"class":66},[20,108690,108691],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[38,108693,108695],{"id":108694},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108697,29760,108698,108700,108701,89],{},[15,108699,12879],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108702,19798],{},[20,108704,347],{},[43,108706,108708],{"className":45,"code":108707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108709,108710,108720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108711,108712,108714,108716,108718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108713,7897],{"class":58},[52,108715,63],{"class":62},[52,108717,15747],{"class":3020},[52,108719,8764],{"class":66},[52,108721,108722,108724,108726,108728],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108723,7928],{"class":58},[52,108725,89],{"class":66},[52,108727,26351],{"class":92},[52,108729,8764],{"class":66},[20,108731,108732],{},"This raises:",[43,108734,108736],{"className":45,"code":108735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108737,108738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108739,108740,108742,108744,108746,108749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108741,19798],{"class":3020},[52,108743,152],{"class":66},[52,108745,3415],{"class":188},[52,108747,108748],{"class":192},"pop from an empty set",[52,108750,29810],{"class":188},[20,108752,108753,108754,108757],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[30,108755,108756],{"href":11192},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1324,108759,108761,108762],{"id":108760},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108763,12879],{},[20,108765,108766],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[43,108768,108770],{"className":45,"code":108769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108771,108772,108782,108786,108794,108809,108828,108834],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108773,108774,108776,108778,108780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108775,7897],{"class":58},[52,108777,63],{"class":62},[52,108779,15747],{"class":3020},[52,108781,8764],{"class":66},[52,108783,108784],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108785,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,108787,108788,108790,108792],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108789,7115],{"class":3996},[52,108791,6085],{"class":58},[52,108793,6514],{"class":66},[52,108795,108796,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,108797,108798],{"class":58},"    removed ",[52,108800,63],{"class":62},[52,108802,6085],{"class":58},[52,108804,89],{"class":66},[52,108806,26351],{"class":92},[52,108808,8764],{"class":66},[52,108810,108811,108813,108815,108817,108819,108821,108823,108826],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,108812,8188],{"class":118},[52,108814,122],{"class":66},[52,108816,189],{"class":188},[52,108818,29066],{"class":192},[52,108820,189],{"class":188},[52,108822,74],{"class":66},[52,108824,108825],{"class":92}," removed",[52,108827,127],{"class":66},[52,108829,108830,108832],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,108831,27544],{"class":3996},[52,108833,6514],{"class":66},[52,108835,108836,108838,108840,108842,108845,108847],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,108837,8188],{"class":118},[52,108839,122],{"class":66},[52,108841,189],{"class":188},[52,108843,108844],{"class":192},"The set is empty.",[52,108846,189],{"class":188},[52,108848,127],{"class":66},[1324,108850,137,108852,668,108854],{"id":108851},"use-try-and-except",[15,108853,29914],{},[15,108855,29945],{},[20,108857,108858],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[43,108860,108862],{"className":45,"code":108861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108863,108864,108874,108878,108884,108898,108916,108924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108865,108866,108868,108870,108872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108867,7897],{"class":58},[52,108869,63],{"class":62},[52,108871,15747],{"class":3020},[52,108873,8764],{"class":66},[52,108875,108876],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,108877,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,108879,108880,108882],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108881,29914],{"class":3996},[52,108883,6514],{"class":66},[52,108885,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,108887,108798],{"class":58},[52,108889,63],{"class":62},[52,108891,6085],{"class":58},[52,108893,89],{"class":66},[52,108895,26351],{"class":92},[52,108897,8764],{"class":66},[52,108899,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912,108914],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,108901,8188],{"class":118},[52,108903,122],{"class":66},[52,108905,189],{"class":188},[52,108907,29066],{"class":192},[52,108909,189],{"class":188},[52,108911,74],{"class":66},[52,108913,108825],{"class":92},[52,108915,127],{"class":66},[52,108917,108918,108920,108922],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,108919,29945],{"class":3996},[52,108921,29948],{"class":3020},[52,108923,6514],{"class":66},[52,108925,108926,108928,108930,108932,108935,108937],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,108927,8188],{"class":118},[52,108929,122],{"class":66},[52,108931,189],{"class":188},[52,108933,108934],{"class":192},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[52,108936,189],{"class":188},[52,108938,127],{"class":66},[38,108940,5078,108942,1083,108944,1083,108946],{"id":108941},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108943,12879],{},[15,108945,55638],{},[15,108947,102934],{},[20,108949,108950],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1324,108952,137,108954],{"id":108953},"use-pop",[15,108955,12879],{},[20,108957,137,108958,10719],{},[15,108959,12879],{},[154,108961,108962,108968,108971],{},[157,108963,108964,108965],{},"You want to remove ",[984,108966,108967],{},"any one item",[157,108969,108970],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[157,108972,108973],{},"You want the removed item returned",[43,108975,108977],{"className":45,"code":108976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108978,108979,108999,109013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108980,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108982,59],{"class":58},[52,108984,63],{"class":62},[52,108986,67],{"class":66},[52,108988,71],{"class":70},[52,108990,74],{"class":66},[52,108992,77],{"class":70},[52,108994,74],{"class":66},[52,108996,104],{"class":70},[52,108998,80],{"class":66},[52,109000,109001,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109002,2568],{"class":58},[52,109004,63],{"class":62},[52,109006,479],{"class":58},[52,109008,89],{"class":66},[52,109010,26351],{"class":92},[52,109012,8764],{"class":66},[52,109014,109015,109017,109019,109021],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109016,119],{"class":118},[52,109018,122],{"class":66},[52,109020,2593],{"class":92},[52,109022,127],{"class":66},[1324,109024,137,109026],{"id":109025},"use-remove",[15,109027,55638],{},[20,109029,137,109030,10719],{},[15,109031,55638],{},[154,109033,109034,109040],{},[157,109035,109036,109037],{},"You want to delete a ",[984,109038,109039],{},"specific item",[157,109041,109042],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[43,109044,109046],{"className":45,"code":109045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109047,109048,109068,109082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109049,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060,109062,109064,109066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109051,59],{"class":58},[52,109053,63],{"class":62},[52,109055,67],{"class":66},[52,109057,71],{"class":70},[52,109059,74],{"class":66},[52,109061,77],{"class":70},[52,109063,74],{"class":66},[52,109065,104],{"class":70},[52,109067,80],{"class":66},[52,109069,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109071,86],{"class":58},[52,109073,89],{"class":66},[52,109075,34902],{"class":92},[52,109077,122],{"class":66},[52,109079,99],{"class":70},[52,109081,127],{"class":66},[52,109083,109084,109086,109088,109090],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109085,119],{"class":118},[52,109087,122],{"class":66},[52,109089,86],{"class":92},[52,109091,127],{"class":66},[20,109093,109094,109095,109097,109098,109102],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109096,55638],{}," raises an error. See the ",[30,109099,109100,10859],{"href":98296},[15,109101,102948],{}," for details.",[1324,109104,137,109106],{"id":109105},"use-discard",[15,109107,102934],{},[20,109109,137,109110,10719],{},[15,109111,102934],{},[154,109113,109114,109118],{},[157,109115,109036,109116],{},[984,109117,109039],{},[157,109119,109120,109121,109123],{},"You do ",[984,109122,986],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[43,109125,109127],{"className":45,"code":109126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109128,109129,109149,109163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109130,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109132,59],{"class":58},[52,109134,63],{"class":62},[52,109136,67],{"class":66},[52,109138,71],{"class":70},[52,109140,74],{"class":66},[52,109142,77],{"class":70},[52,109144,74],{"class":66},[52,109146,104],{"class":70},[52,109148,80],{"class":66},[52,109150,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109152,86],{"class":58},[52,109154,89],{"class":66},[52,109156,103001],{"class":92},[52,109158,122],{"class":66},[52,109160,1705],{"class":70},[52,109162,127],{"class":66},[52,109164,109165,109167,109169,109171],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109166,119],{"class":118},[52,109168,122],{"class":66},[52,109170,86],{"class":92},[52,109172,127],{"class":66},[20,109174,109175,109176,109178,109179,109183],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109177,1705],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[30,109180,109181,10859],{"href":108535},[15,109182,102939],{}," for more examples.",[38,109185,2948],{"id":2947},[20,109187,71584,109188,152],{},[15,109189,108179],{},[154,109191,109192,109198,109203,109208],{},[157,109193,109194,109195],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109196,109197],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[157,109199,8574,109200,109202],{},[15,109201,12879],{}," to remove the first or last item",[157,109204,29760,109205,109207],{},[15,109206,12879],{}," on an empty set",[157,109209,8538,109210,109212],{},[15,109211,12879],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109214,62400],{},[43,109216,109218],{"className":45,"code":109217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109219,109220,109230,109244,109258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109221,109222,109224,109226,109228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109223,119],{"class":118},[52,109225,122],{"class":66},[52,109227,281],{"class":92},[52,109229,127],{"class":66},[52,109231,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109233,119],{"class":118},[52,109235,122],{"class":66},[52,109237,11279],{"class":118},[52,109239,122],{"class":66},[52,109241,281],{"class":92},[52,109243,2150],{"class":66},[52,109245,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109247,119],{"class":118},[52,109249,122],{"class":66},[52,109251,3340],{"class":3020},[52,109253,122],{"class":66},[52,109255,281],{"class":92},[52,109257,2150],{"class":66},[52,109259,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,109261,28648],{"class":58},[52,109263,63],{"class":62},[52,109265,1570],{"class":58},[52,109267,89],{"class":66},[52,109269,26351],{"class":92},[52,109271,8764],{"class":66},[20,109273,26118],{},[154,109275,109276,109279,109282,109285],{},[157,109277,109278],{},"What values are in the set",[157,109280,109281],{},"Whether the set is empty",[157,109283,109284],{},"That the object is really a set",[157,109286,109287],{},"What value was actually removed",[38,109289,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,109291,1937,109293,109295],{"id":109292},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109294,108179],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109297,109298,109299,109301],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109300,12879],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1324,109303,109305,109306,1964],{"id":109304},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109307,108179],{},[20,109309,109310,109311,109313,109314,109316],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109312,12879],{},", set ",[15,109315,12879],{}," does not accept an index.",[1324,109318,109320],{"id":109319},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109322,71753,109323,1863,109325,109327],{},[15,109324,19798],{},[15,109326,12879],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1324,109329,109331],{"id":109330},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109333,137,109334,2996,109336,1990,109338,89],{},[15,109335,55638],{},[15,109337,102934],{},[15,109339,12879],{},[38,109341,1996],{"id":1995},[154,109343,109344,109348,109354,109360,109364],{},[157,109345,109346],{},[30,109347,96425],{"href":97587},[157,109349,109350],{},[30,109351,96907,109352,10859],{"href":98296},[15,109353,55638],{},[157,109355,109356],{},[30,109357,96907,109358,10859],{"href":108535},[15,109359,102934],{},[157,109361,109362],{},[30,109363,11380],{"href":11192},[157,109365,109366],{},[30,109367,55624],{"href":55176},[2044,109369,109370],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":109372},[109373,109374,109376,109377,109378,109379,109385,109394,109395,109403],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":108299,"depth":83,"text":109375},"What set.pop() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":108437,"depth":83,"text":108438},{"id":108540,"depth":83,"text":108541},{"id":108694,"depth":83,"text":108695,"children":109380},[109381,109383],{"id":108760,"depth":115,"text":109382},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108851,"depth":115,"text":109384},"Use try and except",{"id":108941,"depth":83,"text":109386,"children":109387},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109388,109390,109392],{"id":108953,"depth":115,"text":109389},"Use pop()",{"id":109025,"depth":115,"text":109391},"Use remove()",{"id":109105,"depth":115,"text":109393},"Use discard()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":109396},[109397,109399,109401,109402],{"id":109292,"depth":115,"text":109398},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109304,"depth":115,"text":109400},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109319,"depth":115,"text":109320},{"id":109330,"depth":115,"text":109331},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108167,"description":109404},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109411,"title":109412,"body":109413,"description":110567,"extension":2083,"meta":110568,"navigation":240,"path":110569,"seo":110570,"stem":110571,"__hash__":110572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109414,"toc":110535},[109415,109420,109425,109434,109436,109501,109505,109529,109536,109541,109545,109560,109563,109565,109584,109598,109601,109649,109653,109669,109671,109744,109748,109773,109779,109787,109791,109798,109853,109858,109875,109881,109887,109892,109900,109907,109911,109919,109974,109976,109993,109997,110004,110069,110073,110106,110108,110120,110127,110129,110134,110141,110143,110212,110216,110224,110226,110290,110294,110299,110346,110351,110419,110427,110434,110437,110443,110448,110452,110454,110457,110459,110464,110469,110475,110480,110487,110495,110501,110504,110506,110532],[10,109416,13,109418,18],{"id":109417},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109419,55638],{},[20,109421,109422,109424],{},[15,109423,102948],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109426,109427,109428,109431,109432,89],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[984,109429,109430],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109433,19798],{},[38,109435,2125],{"id":2124},[43,109437,109439],{"className":45,"code":109438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109440,109441,109473,109491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109442,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109444,181],{"class":58},[52,109446,63],{"class":62},[52,109448,67],{"class":66},[52,109450,189],{"class":188},[52,109452,193],{"class":192},[52,109454,189],{"class":188},[52,109456,74],{"class":66},[52,109458,200],{"class":188},[52,109460,203],{"class":192},[52,109462,189],{"class":188},[52,109464,74],{"class":66},[52,109466,200],{"class":188},[52,109468,231],{"class":192},[52,109470,189],{"class":188},[52,109472,80],{"class":66},[52,109474,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109476,212],{"class":58},[52,109478,89],{"class":66},[52,109480,34902],{"class":92},[52,109482,122],{"class":66},[52,109484,189],{"class":188},[52,109486,203],{"class":192},[52,109488,189],{"class":188},[52,109490,127],{"class":66},[52,109492,109493,109495,109497,109499],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109494,119],{"class":118},[52,109496,122],{"class":66},[52,109498,212],{"class":92},[52,109500,127],{"class":66},[20,109502,109503],{},[984,109504,30140],{},[43,109506,109507],{"className":45,"code":103628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109508,109509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109510,109511,109513,109515,109517,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109512,9399],{"class":66},[52,109514,3420],{"class":188},[52,109516,193],{"class":192},[52,109518,3420],{"class":188},[52,109520,74],{"class":66},[52,109522,3415],{"class":188},[52,109524,231],{"class":192},[52,109526,3420],{"class":188},[52,109528,80],{"class":66},[20,109530,137,109531,109533,109534,89],{},[15,109532,55638],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109535,19798],{},[38,109537,144,109539,147],{"id":109538},"what-setremove-does",[15,109540,102948],{},[20,109542,109543,152],{},[15,109544,102948],{},[154,109546,109547,109550,109552,109554],{},[157,109548,109549],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[157,109551,162],{},[157,109553,168],{},[157,109555,109556,109557,109559],{},"Raises ",[15,109558,19798],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109561,109562],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[38,109564,268],{"id":267},[43,109566,109568],{"className":45,"code":109567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109569,109570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109571,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109573,281],{"class":58},[52,109575,89],{"class":66},[52,109577,34902],{"class":92},[52,109579,122],{"class":66},[52,109581,2593],{"class":92},[52,109583,127],{"class":66},[154,109585,109586,109590,109595],{},[157,109587,109588,103170],{},[15,109589,281],{},[157,109591,109592,109594],{},[15,109593,2593],{}," is the item to remove",[157,109596,109597],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109599,109600],{},"Here is a small example:",[43,109602,109603],{"className":45,"code":109045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109604,109605,109625,109639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109606,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109608,59],{"class":58},[52,109610,63],{"class":62},[52,109612,67],{"class":66},[52,109614,71],{"class":70},[52,109616,74],{"class":66},[52,109618,77],{"class":70},[52,109620,74],{"class":66},[52,109622,104],{"class":70},[52,109624,80],{"class":66},[52,109626,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109628,86],{"class":58},[52,109630,89],{"class":66},[52,109632,34902],{"class":92},[52,109634,122],{"class":66},[52,109636,99],{"class":70},[52,109638,127],{"class":66},[52,109640,109641,109643,109645,109647],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109642,119],{"class":118},[52,109644,122],{"class":66},[52,109646,86],{"class":92},[52,109648,127],{"class":66},[20,109650,109651],{},[984,109652,30140],{},[43,109654,109655],{"className":45,"code":101382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109656,109657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109658,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109660,9399],{"class":66},[52,109662,71],{"class":70},[52,109664,74],{"class":66},[52,109666,104],{"class":70},[52,109668,80],{"class":66},[38,109670,11592],{"id":11591},[43,109672,109674],{"className":45,"code":109673,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109675,109676,109708,109712,109730,109734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109677,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109679,1116],{"class":58},[52,109681,63],{"class":62},[52,109683,67],{"class":66},[52,109685,189],{"class":188},[52,109687,1125],{"class":192},[52,109689,189],{"class":188},[52,109691,74],{"class":66},[52,109693,200],{"class":188},[52,109695,1145],{"class":192},[52,109697,189],{"class":188},[52,109699,74],{"class":66},[52,109701,200],{"class":188},[52,109703,1216],{"class":192},[52,109705,189],{"class":188},[52,109707,80],{"class":66},[52,109709,109710],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109711,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,109713,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109715,1134],{"class":58},[52,109717,89],{"class":66},[52,109719,34902],{"class":92},[52,109721,122],{"class":66},[52,109723,189],{"class":188},[52,109725,1145],{"class":192},[52,109727,189],{"class":188},[52,109729,127],{"class":66},[52,109731,109732],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,109733,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,109735,109736,109738,109740,109742],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,109737,119],{"class":118},[52,109739,122],{"class":66},[52,109741,1134],{"class":92},[52,109743,127],{"class":66},[20,109745,109746],{},[984,109747,30140],{},[43,109749,109751],{"className":45,"code":109750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109752,109753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109754,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109756,9399],{"class":66},[52,109758,3420],{"class":188},[52,109760,1125],{"class":192},[52,109762,3420],{"class":188},[52,109764,74],{"class":66},[52,109766,3415],{"class":188},[52,109768,1216],{"class":192},[52,109770,3420],{"class":188},[52,109772,80],{"class":66},[20,109774,109775,109776,109778],{},"This removes ",[15,109777,65379],{}," from the set.",[20,109780,109781,109782,109784,109785,89],{},"A set does ",[984,109783,986],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[30,109786,433],{"href":432},[38,109788,109790],{"id":109789},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109792,109793,109794,52604,109796,89],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109795,55638],{},[15,109797,19798],{},[43,109799,109801],{"className":45,"code":109800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109802,109803,109835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109804,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109806,181],{"class":58},[52,109808,63],{"class":62},[52,109810,67],{"class":66},[52,109812,189],{"class":188},[52,109814,193],{"class":192},[52,109816,189],{"class":188},[52,109818,74],{"class":66},[52,109820,200],{"class":188},[52,109822,203],{"class":192},[52,109824,189],{"class":188},[52,109826,74],{"class":66},[52,109828,200],{"class":188},[52,109830,231],{"class":192},[52,109832,189],{"class":188},[52,109834,80],{"class":66},[52,109836,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109838,212],{"class":58},[52,109840,89],{"class":66},[52,109842,34902],{"class":92},[52,109844,122],{"class":66},[52,109846,189],{"class":188},[52,109848,22633],{"class":192},[52,109850,189],{"class":188},[52,109852,127],{"class":66},[20,109854,109855],{},[984,109856,109857],{},"Result:",[43,109859,109861],{"className":45,"code":109860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109862,109863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109864,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109866,19798],{"class":3020},[52,109868,152],{"class":66},[52,109870,3415],{"class":188},[52,109872,22633],{"class":192},[52,109874,29810],{"class":188},[20,109876,22298,109877,109880],{},[15,109878,109879],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109882,109883,109884,109886],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109885,55638],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109888,109889,109890,89],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[30,109891,11380],{"href":11192},[38,109893,4316,109895,109897,109898],{"id":109894},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109896,55638],{}," is different from ",[15,109899,102934],{},[20,109901,109902,668,109904,109906],{},[15,109903,55638],{},[15,109905,102934],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1324,109908,109909],{"id":34902},[15,109910,55638],{},[154,109912,109913,109916],{},[157,109914,109915],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[157,109917,109918],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[43,109920,109922],{"className":45,"code":109921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109923,109924,109956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109925,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109927,921],{"class":58},[52,109929,63],{"class":62},[52,109931,67],{"class":66},[52,109933,189],{"class":188},[52,109935,30],{"class":192},[52,109937,189],{"class":188},[52,109939,74],{"class":66},[52,109941,200],{"class":188},[52,109943,1393],{"class":192},[52,109945,189],{"class":188},[52,109947,74],{"class":66},[52,109949,200],{"class":188},[52,109951,1491],{"class":192},[52,109953,189],{"class":188},[52,109955,80],{"class":66},[52,109957,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,109959,939],{"class":58},[52,109961,89],{"class":66},[52,109963,34902],{"class":92},[52,109965,122],{"class":66},[52,109967,189],{"class":188},[52,109969,18879],{"class":192},[52,109971,189],{"class":188},[52,109973,127],{"class":66},[20,109975,108732],{},[43,109977,109979],{"className":45,"code":109978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109980,109981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109982,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109984,19798],{"class":3020},[52,109986,152],{"class":66},[52,109988,3415],{"class":188},[52,109990,18879],{"class":192},[52,109992,29810],{"class":188},[1324,109994,109995],{"id":103001},[15,109996,102934],{},[154,109998,109999,110001],{},[157,110000,109915],{},[157,110002,110003],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[43,110005,110007],{"className":45,"code":110006,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110008,110009,110041,110059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110010,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110012,921],{"class":58},[52,110014,63],{"class":62},[52,110016,67],{"class":66},[52,110018,189],{"class":188},[52,110020,30],{"class":192},[52,110022,189],{"class":188},[52,110024,74],{"class":66},[52,110026,200],{"class":188},[52,110028,1393],{"class":192},[52,110030,189],{"class":188},[52,110032,74],{"class":66},[52,110034,200],{"class":188},[52,110036,1491],{"class":192},[52,110038,189],{"class":188},[52,110040,80],{"class":66},[52,110042,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,110044,939],{"class":58},[52,110046,89],{"class":66},[52,110048,103001],{"class":92},[52,110050,122],{"class":66},[52,110052,189],{"class":188},[52,110054,18879],{"class":192},[52,110056,189],{"class":188},[52,110058,127],{"class":66},[52,110060,110061,110063,110065,110067],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110062,119],{"class":118},[52,110064,122],{"class":66},[52,110066,939],{"class":92},[52,110068,127],{"class":66},[20,110070,110071],{},[984,110072,2193],{},[43,110074,110076],{"className":45,"code":110075,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110077,110078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110079,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110081,9399],{"class":66},[52,110083,3420],{"class":188},[52,110085,30],{"class":192},[52,110087,3420],{"class":188},[52,110089,74],{"class":66},[52,110091,3415],{"class":188},[52,110093,1393],{"class":192},[52,110095,3420],{"class":188},[52,110097,74],{"class":66},[52,110099,3415],{"class":188},[52,110101,1491],{"class":192},[52,110103,3420],{"class":188},[52,110105,80],{"class":66},[20,110107,18806],{},[154,110109,110110,110115],{},[157,110111,110112,110114],{},[15,110113,55638],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[157,110116,110117,110119],{},[15,110118,102934],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110121,110122,110123,89],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[30,110124,96907,110125,10859],{"href":108535},[15,110126,102934],{},[38,110128,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,110130,8574,110132,97286],{"id":110131},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110133,55638],{},[20,110135,110136,110138,110139,89],{},[15,110137,55638],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110140,445],{},[20,110142,16757],{},[43,110144,110146],{"className":45,"code":110145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110147,110148,110180,110202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110151,181],{"class":58},[52,110153,63],{"class":62},[52,110155,67],{"class":66},[52,110157,189],{"class":188},[52,110159,193],{"class":192},[52,110161,189],{"class":188},[52,110163,74],{"class":66},[52,110165,200],{"class":188},[52,110167,203],{"class":192},[52,110169,189],{"class":188},[52,110171,74],{"class":66},[52,110173,200],{"class":188},[52,110175,231],{"class":192},[52,110177,189],{"class":188},[52,110179,80],{"class":66},[52,110181,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,110183,13233],{"class":58},[52,110185,63],{"class":62},[52,110187,13238],{"class":58},[52,110189,89],{"class":66},[52,110191,34902],{"class":92},[52,110193,122],{"class":66},[52,110195,189],{"class":188},[52,110197,203],{"class":192},[52,110199,189],{"class":188},[52,110201,127],{"class":66},[52,110203,110204,110206,110208,110210],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110205,119],{"class":118},[52,110207,122],{"class":66},[52,110209,13257],{"class":92},[52,110211,127],{"class":66},[20,110213,110214],{},[984,110215,2193],{},[43,110217,110218],{"className":45,"code":11924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110219,110220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110221,110222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110223,11924],{"class":3971},[20,110225,16769],{},[43,110227,110228],{"className":45,"code":109438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110229,110230,110262,110280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110231,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110233,181],{"class":58},[52,110235,63],{"class":62},[52,110237,67],{"class":66},[52,110239,189],{"class":188},[52,110241,193],{"class":192},[52,110243,189],{"class":188},[52,110245,74],{"class":66},[52,110247,200],{"class":188},[52,110249,203],{"class":192},[52,110251,189],{"class":188},[52,110253,74],{"class":66},[52,110255,200],{"class":188},[52,110257,231],{"class":192},[52,110259,189],{"class":188},[52,110261,80],{"class":66},[52,110263,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,110265,212],{"class":58},[52,110267,89],{"class":66},[52,110269,34902],{"class":92},[52,110271,122],{"class":66},[52,110273,189],{"class":188},[52,110275,203],{"class":192},[52,110277,189],{"class":188},[52,110279,127],{"class":66},[52,110281,110282,110284,110286,110288],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110283,119],{"class":118},[52,110285,122],{"class":66},[52,110287,212],{"class":92},[52,110289,127],{"class":66},[1324,110291,110293],{"id":110292},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110295,110296,110297,89],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110298,19798],{},[43,110300,110302],{"className":45,"code":110301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110303,110304,110328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110305,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110307,181],{"class":58},[52,110309,63],{"class":62},[52,110311,67],{"class":66},[52,110313,189],{"class":188},[52,110315,193],{"class":192},[52,110317,189],{"class":188},[52,110319,74],{"class":66},[52,110321,200],{"class":188},[52,110323,203],{"class":192},[52,110325,189],{"class":188},[52,110327,80],{"class":66},[52,110329,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,110331,212],{"class":58},[52,110333,89],{"class":66},[52,110335,34902],{"class":92},[52,110337,122],{"class":66},[52,110339,189],{"class":188},[52,110341,231],{"class":192},[52,110343,189],{"class":188},[52,110345,127],{"class":66},[20,110347,110348,110349,152],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110350,4003],{},[43,110352,110354],{"className":45,"code":110353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110355,110356,110380,110384,110400],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110357,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110359,181],{"class":58},[52,110361,63],{"class":62},[52,110363,67],{"class":66},[52,110365,189],{"class":188},[52,110367,193],{"class":192},[52,110369,189],{"class":188},[52,110371,74],{"class":66},[52,110373,200],{"class":188},[52,110375,203],{"class":192},[52,110377,189],{"class":188},[52,110379,80],{"class":66},[52,110381,110382],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,110383,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,110385,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110387,7115],{"class":3996},[52,110389,200],{"class":188},[52,110391,231],{"class":192},[52,110393,189],{"class":188},[52,110395,21284],{"class":62},[52,110397,13238],{"class":58},[52,110399,6514],{"class":66},[52,110401,110402,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,110403,110404],{"class":58},"    colors",[52,110406,89],{"class":66},[52,110408,34902],{"class":92},[52,110410,122],{"class":66},[52,110412,189],{"class":188},[52,110414,231],{"class":192},[52,110416,189],{"class":188},[52,110418,127],{"class":66},[20,110420,110421,110422,110426],{},"Or use ",[30,110423,110424],{"href":108535},[15,110425,102934],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1324,110428,37310,110430,8826,110432],{"id":110429},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110431,102948],{},[15,110433,55184],{},[20,110435,110436],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110438,110439,110440,110442],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110441,102948],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110444,110445,110446,89],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[30,110447,99163],{"href":683},[1324,110449,110451],{"id":110450},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110453,108441],{},[20,110455,110456],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[38,110458,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,110460,1937,110462,1940],{"id":110461},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110463,102948],{},[20,110465,110466,110467,89],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110468,445],{},[1324,110470,30398,110472,110474],{"id":110471},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110473,102948],{}," raise?",[20,110476,30404,110477,110479],{},[15,110478,19798],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1324,110481,21531,110483,2996,110485,1964],{"id":110482},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110484,55638],{},[15,110486,102934],{},[20,110488,137,110489,110491,110492,110494],{},[15,110490,55638],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110493,102934],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1324,110496,5288,110498,110500],{"id":110497},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110499,102948],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110502,110503],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[38,110505,1996],{"id":1995},[154,110507,110508,110514,110520,110524,110528],{},[157,110509,110510],{},[30,110511,96907,110512,10859],{"href":108535},[15,110513,102934],{},[157,110515,110516],{},[30,110517,96907,110518,10859],{"href":98301},[15,110519,12879],{},[157,110521,110522],{},[30,110523,2019],{"href":432},[157,110525,110526],{},[30,110527,2026],{"href":683},[157,110529,110530],{},[30,110531,11380],{"href":11192},[2044,110533,110534],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":110536},[110537,110538,110540,110541,110542,110543,110548,110556,110566],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":109538,"depth":83,"text":110539},"What set.remove() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":109789,"depth":83,"text":109790},{"id":109894,"depth":83,"text":110544,"children":110545},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110546,110547],{"id":34902,"depth":115,"text":55638},{"id":103001,"depth":115,"text":102934},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":110549},[110550,110552,110553,110555],{"id":110131,"depth":115,"text":110551},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110292,"depth":115,"text":110293},{"id":110429,"depth":115,"text":110554},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110450,"depth":115,"text":110451},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":110557},[110558,110560,110562,110564],{"id":110461,"depth":115,"text":110559},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110471,"depth":115,"text":110561},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110482,"depth":115,"text":110563},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110497,"depth":115,"text":110565},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109412,"description":110567},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110574,"title":110575,"body":110576,"description":111947,"extension":2083,"meta":111948,"navigation":240,"path":111949,"seo":111950,"stem":111951,"__hash__":111952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110577,"toc":111922},[110578,110584,110590,110593,110596,110610,110612,110693,110696,110701,110705,110719,110726,110728,110747,110750,110768,110770,110850,110852,110877,110881,110884,110892,110897,110902,110904,110917,110922,110925,110949,110952,110960,110962,110965,111062,111064,111097,111099,111124,111131,111134,111138,111146,111150,111158,111160,111250,111252,111266,111273,111278,111283,111285,111375,111377,111389,111391,111405,111411,111419,111421,111503,111505,111550,111553,111561,111564,111566,111570,111613,111615,111635,111640,111642,111727,111729,111734,111736,111743,111751,111757,111760,111762,111848,111850,111874,111878,111881,111883,111910,111920],[10,110579,13,110581,18],{"id":110580},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110582,110583],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110585,110586,110589],{},[15,110587,110588],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110591,110592],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110594,110595],{},"Use it when:",[154,110597,110598,110601,110607],{},[157,110599,110600],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[157,110602,110603,110604,110606],{},"you do ",[984,110605,986],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[157,110608,110609],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[38,110611,41],{"id":40},[43,110613,110615],{"className":45,"code":110614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110616,110617,110637,110657,110661,110680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110618,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110620,1347],{"class":58},[52,110622,63],{"class":62},[52,110624,67],{"class":66},[52,110626,71],{"class":70},[52,110628,74],{"class":66},[52,110630,77],{"class":70},[52,110632,74],{"class":66},[52,110634,104],{"class":70},[52,110636,80],{"class":66},[52,110638,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,110640,1364],{"class":58},[52,110642,63],{"class":62},[52,110644,67],{"class":66},[52,110646,488],{"class":70},[52,110648,74],{"class":66},[52,110650,109],{"class":70},[52,110652,74],{"class":66},[52,110654,396],{"class":70},[52,110656,80],{"class":66},[52,110658,110659],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110660,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,110662,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110674,110676,110678],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,110664,474],{"class":58},[52,110666,63],{"class":62},[52,110668,1472],{"class":58},[52,110670,89],{"class":66},[52,110672,110673],{"class":92},"symmetric_difference",[52,110675,122],{"class":66},[52,110677,1393],{"class":92},[52,110679,127],{"class":66},[52,110681,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,110683,119],{"class":118},[52,110685,122],{"class":66},[52,110687,507],{"class":92},[52,110689,3782],{"class":66},[52,110691,110692],{"class":133},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110694,110695],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[38,110697,144,110699,147],{"id":110698},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110700,110583],{},[20,110702,110703,152],{},[15,110704,110588],{},[154,110706,110707,110710,110713,110716],{},[157,110708,110709],{},"returns a new set",[157,110711,110712],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[157,110714,110715],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[157,110717,110718],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110720,429,110721,2996,110723,89],{},[30,110722,96425],{"href":96424},[30,110724,110725],{"href":96428},"creating a set in Python",[38,110727,268],{"id":267},[43,110729,110731],{"className":45,"code":110730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110732,110733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110734,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110736,100669],{"class":58},[52,110738,89],{"class":66},[52,110740,110673],{"class":92},[52,110742,122],{"class":66},[52,110744,100678],{"class":92},[52,110746,127],{"class":66},[20,110748,110749],{},"Notes:",[154,110751,110752,110757,110762,110765],{},[157,110753,110754,110756],{},[15,110755,100669],{}," must be a set",[157,110758,110759,110761],{},[15,110760,100678],{}," can be any iterable",[157,110763,110764],{},"the result is always a set",[157,110766,110767],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110769,347],{},[43,110771,110773],{"className":45,"code":110772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110774,110775,110796,110817,110821,110840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110776,110777,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110778,110779],{"class":58},"set1 ",[52,110781,63],{"class":62},[52,110783,67],{"class":66},[52,110785,71],{"class":70},[52,110787,74],{"class":66},[52,110789,77],{"class":70},[52,110791,74],{"class":66},[52,110793,104],{"class":70},[52,110795,80],{"class":66},[52,110797,110798,110801,110803,110805,110807,110809,110811,110813,110815],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,110799,110800],{"class":58},"set2 ",[52,110802,63],{"class":62},[52,110804,67],{"class":66},[52,110806,488],{"class":70},[52,110808,74],{"class":66},[52,110810,109],{"class":70},[52,110812,74],{"class":66},[52,110814,396],{"class":70},[52,110816,80],{"class":66},[52,110818,110819],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110820,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,110822,110823,110825,110827,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,110824,474],{"class":58},[52,110826,63],{"class":62},[52,110828,110829],{"class":58}," set1",[52,110831,89],{"class":66},[52,110833,110673],{"class":92},[52,110835,122],{"class":66},[52,110837,100678],{"class":92},[52,110839,127],{"class":66},[52,110841,110842,110844,110846,110848],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,110843,119],{"class":118},[52,110845,122],{"class":66},[52,110847,507],{"class":92},[52,110849,127],{"class":66},[20,110851,2193],{},[43,110853,110855],{"className":45,"code":110854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110856,110857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110858,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110860,9399],{"class":66},[52,110862,71],{"class":70},[52,110864,74],{"class":66},[52,110866,77],{"class":70},[52,110868,74],{"class":66},[52,110870,109],{"class":70},[52,110872,74],{"class":66},[52,110874,396],{"class":70},[52,110876,80],{"class":66},[38,110878,110880],{"id":110879},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110882,110883],{},"The result includes:",[154,110885,110886,110889],{},[157,110887,110888],{},"items only in the first set",[157,110890,110891],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110893,110894,110895,11201],{},"The result does ",[984,110896,986],{},[154,110898,110899],{},[157,110900,110901],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110903,5590],{},[154,110905,110906,110911],{},[157,110907,110908,110909],{},"first set: ",[15,110910,100367],{},[157,110912,110913,110914],{},"second set: ",[15,110915,110916],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110918,4170,110919,110921],{},[15,110920,488],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110923,110924],{},"The output is:",[43,110926,110927],{"className":45,"code":110854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110928,110929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110930,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110932,9399],{"class":66},[52,110934,71],{"class":70},[52,110936,74],{"class":66},[52,110938,77],{"class":70},[52,110940,74],{"class":66},[52,110942,109],{"class":70},[52,110944,74],{"class":66},[52,110946,396],{"class":70},[52,110948,80],{"class":66},[20,110950,110951],{},"Also remember:",[154,110953,110954,110957],{},[157,110955,110956],{},"sets are unordered",[157,110958,110959],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[38,110961,11592],{"id":11591},[20,110963,110964],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[43,110966,110968],{"className":45,"code":110967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110969,110970,111002,111026,111030,111048,111052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110971,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110973,107105],{"class":58},[52,110975,63],{"class":62},[52,110977,67],{"class":66},[52,110979,189],{"class":188},[52,110981,193],{"class":192},[52,110983,189],{"class":188},[52,110985,74],{"class":66},[52,110987,200],{"class":188},[52,110989,203],{"class":192},[52,110991,189],{"class":188},[52,110993,74],{"class":66},[52,110995,200],{"class":188},[52,110997,231],{"class":192},[52,110999,189],{"class":188},[52,111001,80],{"class":66},[52,111003,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,111005,107138],{"class":58},[52,111007,63],{"class":62},[52,111009,67],{"class":66},[52,111011,189],{"class":188},[52,111013,231],{"class":192},[52,111015,189],{"class":188},[52,111017,74],{"class":66},[52,111019,200],{"class":188},[52,111021,22633],{"class":192},[52,111023,189],{"class":188},[52,111025,80],{"class":66},[52,111027,111028],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111029,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,111031,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,111033,474],{"class":58},[52,111035,63],{"class":62},[52,111037,107180],{"class":58},[52,111039,89],{"class":66},[52,111041,110673],{"class":92},[52,111043,122],{"class":66},[52,111045,107189],{"class":92},[52,111047,127],{"class":66},[52,111049,111050],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,111051,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,111053,111054,111056,111058,111060],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,111055,119],{"class":118},[52,111057,122],{"class":66},[52,111059,507],{"class":92},[52,111061,127],{"class":66},[20,111063,2193],{},[43,111065,111067],{"className":45,"code":111066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111068,111069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111070,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093,111095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111072,9399],{"class":66},[52,111074,3420],{"class":188},[52,111076,193],{"class":192},[52,111078,3420],{"class":188},[52,111080,74],{"class":66},[52,111082,3415],{"class":188},[52,111084,203],{"class":192},[52,111086,3420],{"class":188},[52,111088,74],{"class":66},[52,111090,3415],{"class":188},[52,111092,22633],{"class":192},[52,111094,3420],{"class":188},[52,111096,80],{"class":66},[20,111098,13524],{},[154,111100,111101,111106,111116],{},[157,111102,111103,111105],{},[15,111104,96589],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[157,111107,111108,668,111110,111112,111113,111115],{},[15,111109,65497],{},[15,111111,263],{}," are only in ",[15,111114,107242],{},", so they stay",[157,111117,111118,111120,111121,111123],{},[15,111119,109879],{}," is only in ",[15,111122,107189],{},", so it stays",[38,111125,111127,1083,111129],{"id":111126},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111128,110583],{},[15,111130,100498],{},[20,111132,111133],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111135,111136,152],{},[15,111137,100498],{},[154,111139,111140,111143],{},[157,111141,111142],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[157,111144,111145],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111147,111148,152],{},[15,111149,110583],{},[154,111151,111152,111155],{},[157,111153,111154],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[157,111156,111157],{},"removes shared items",[20,111159,347],{},[43,111161,111163],{"className":45,"code":111162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111164,111165,111185,111205,111209,111230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111166,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111168,1347],{"class":58},[52,111170,63],{"class":62},[52,111172,67],{"class":66},[52,111174,71],{"class":70},[52,111176,74],{"class":66},[52,111178,77],{"class":70},[52,111180,74],{"class":66},[52,111182,104],{"class":70},[52,111184,80],{"class":66},[52,111186,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201,111203],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,111188,1364],{"class":58},[52,111190,63],{"class":62},[52,111192,67],{"class":66},[52,111194,488],{"class":70},[52,111196,74],{"class":66},[52,111198,109],{"class":70},[52,111200,74],{"class":66},[52,111202,396],{"class":70},[52,111204,80],{"class":66},[52,111206,111207],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111208,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,111210,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,111212,119],{"class":118},[52,111214,122],{"class":66},[52,111216,30],{"class":92},[52,111218,89],{"class":66},[52,111220,2929],{"class":92},[52,111222,122],{"class":66},[52,111224,1393],{"class":92},[52,111226,5479],{"class":66},[52,111228,111229],{"class":133},"            # {1, 2}\n",[52,111231,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,111233,119],{"class":118},[52,111235,122],{"class":66},[52,111237,30],{"class":92},[52,111239,89],{"class":66},[52,111241,110673],{"class":92},[52,111243,122],{"class":66},[52,111245,1393],{"class":92},[52,111247,5479],{"class":66},[52,111249,110692],{"class":133},[20,111251,18806],{},[154,111253,111254,111261],{},[157,111255,111256,111260],{},[30,111257,111258],{"href":102920},[15,111259,100498],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[157,111262,111263,111265],{},[15,111264,110583],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[38,111267,111269,1083,111271],{"id":111268},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111270,110583],{},[15,111272,1319],{},[20,111274,111275,111277],{},[15,111276,1319],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111279,111280,111282],{},[15,111281,110583],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111284,347],{},[43,111286,111288],{"className":45,"code":111287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111289,111290,111310,111330,111334,111355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111291,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306,111308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111293,1347],{"class":58},[52,111295,63],{"class":62},[52,111297,67],{"class":66},[52,111299,71],{"class":70},[52,111301,74],{"class":66},[52,111303,77],{"class":70},[52,111305,74],{"class":66},[52,111307,104],{"class":70},[52,111309,80],{"class":66},[52,111311,111312,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,111313,1364],{"class":58},[52,111315,63],{"class":62},[52,111317,67],{"class":66},[52,111319,488],{"class":70},[52,111321,74],{"class":66},[52,111323,109],{"class":70},[52,111325,74],{"class":66},[52,111327,396],{"class":70},[52,111329,80],{"class":66},[52,111331,111332],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111333,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,111335,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,111337,119],{"class":118},[52,111339,122],{"class":66},[52,111341,30],{"class":92},[52,111343,89],{"class":66},[52,111345,859],{"class":92},[52,111347,122],{"class":66},[52,111349,1393],{"class":92},[52,111351,5479],{"class":66},[52,111353,111354],{"class":133},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,111356,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371,111373],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,111358,119],{"class":118},[52,111360,122],{"class":66},[52,111362,30],{"class":92},[52,111364,89],{"class":66},[52,111366,110673],{"class":92},[52,111368,122],{"class":66},[52,111370,1393],{"class":92},[52,111372,5479],{"class":66},[52,111374,110692],{"class":133},[20,111376,27331],{},[154,111378,111379,111384],{},[157,111380,111381,111383],{},[15,111382,1319],{}," includes everything",[157,111385,111386,111388],{},[15,111387,110583],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111390,18806],{},[154,111392,111393,111400],{},[157,111394,111395,111399],{},[30,111396,111397],{"href":107809},[15,111398,1319],{}," when overlap does not matter",[157,111401,111402,111404],{},[15,111403,110583],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[38,111406,36719,111408,101680],{"id":111407},"using-the-operator",[15,111409,111410],{},"^",[20,111412,111413,111414,111416,111417,89],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111415,111410],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111418,110583],{},[20,111420,347],{},[43,111422,111424],{"className":45,"code":111423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111425,111426,111446,111466,111470,111488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111427,111428,111430,111432,111434,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111429,110779],{"class":58},[52,111431,63],{"class":62},[52,111433,67],{"class":66},[52,111435,71],{"class":70},[52,111437,74],{"class":66},[52,111439,77],{"class":70},[52,111441,74],{"class":66},[52,111443,104],{"class":70},[52,111445,80],{"class":66},[52,111447,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,111449,110800],{"class":58},[52,111451,63],{"class":62},[52,111453,67],{"class":66},[52,111455,488],{"class":70},[52,111457,74],{"class":66},[52,111459,109],{"class":70},[52,111461,74],{"class":66},[52,111463,396],{"class":70},[52,111465,80],{"class":66},[52,111467,111468],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111469,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,111471,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,111473,119],{"class":118},[52,111475,122],{"class":66},[52,111477,100669],{"class":92},[52,111479,89],{"class":66},[52,111481,110673],{"class":92},[52,111483,122],{"class":66},[52,111485,100678],{"class":92},[52,111487,2150],{"class":66},[52,111489,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498,111501],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,111491,119],{"class":118},[52,111493,122],{"class":66},[52,111495,110779],{"class":92},[52,111497,111410],{"class":62},[52,111499,111500],{"class":92}," set2",[52,111502,127],{"class":66},[20,111504,30140],{},[43,111506,111508],{"className":45,"code":111507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111509,111510,111530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111511,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111513,9399],{"class":66},[52,111515,71],{"class":70},[52,111517,74],{"class":66},[52,111519,77],{"class":70},[52,111521,74],{"class":66},[52,111523,109],{"class":70},[52,111525,74],{"class":66},[52,111527,396],{"class":70},[52,111529,80],{"class":66},[52,111531,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,111533,9399],{"class":66},[52,111535,71],{"class":70},[52,111537,74],{"class":66},[52,111539,77],{"class":70},[52,111541,74],{"class":66},[52,111543,109],{"class":70},[52,111545,74],{"class":66},[52,111547,396],{"class":70},[52,111549,80],{"class":66},[20,111551,111552],{},"Both forms:",[154,111554,111555,111558],{},[157,111556,111557],{},"return a new set",[157,111559,111560],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111562,111563],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[38,111565,4636],{"id":4635},[20,111567,21322,111568,152],{},[15,111569,110583],{},[154,111571,111572,111580,111590,111605],{},[157,111573,111574,111577,111579],{},[984,111575,111576],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9965,111578],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[157,111581,111582,111585,111587,111589],{},[984,111583,111584],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9965,111586],{},[15,111588,110583],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[157,111591,111592,111597,111599,111601,111602,111604],{},[984,111593,111594,111595],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111596,100498],{},[9965,111598],{},[15,111600,100498],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111603,110583],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[157,111606,111607,111610,111612],{},[984,111608,111609],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9965,111611],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111614,58970],{},[154,111616,111617,111626,111629,111632],{},[157,111618,50600,111619,1863,111621,111625],{},[15,111620,110583],{},[30,111622,111623],{"href":107809},[15,111624,1319],{}," is actually needed",[157,111627,111628],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[157,111630,111631],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[157,111633,111634],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111636,111637,111638,89],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[30,111639,99163],{"href":105423},[20,111641,62400],{},[43,111643,111645],{"className":45,"code":111644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111646,111647,111657,111667,111685,111699,111713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111648,111649,111651,111653,111655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111650,119],{"class":118},[52,111652,122],{"class":66},[52,111654,100669],{"class":92},[52,111656,127],{"class":66},[52,111658,111659,111661,111663,111665],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,111660,119],{"class":118},[52,111662,122],{"class":66},[52,111664,100678],{"class":92},[52,111666,127],{"class":66},[52,111668,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111670,119],{"class":118},[52,111672,122],{"class":66},[52,111674,100669],{"class":92},[52,111676,89],{"class":66},[52,111678,110673],{"class":92},[52,111680,122],{"class":66},[52,111682,100678],{"class":92},[52,111684,2150],{"class":66},[52,111686,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,111688,119],{"class":118},[52,111690,122],{"class":66},[52,111692,110779],{"class":92},[52,111694,111410],{"class":62},[52,111696,111500],{"class":92},[52,111698,127],{"class":66},[52,111700,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,111702,119],{"class":118},[52,111704,122],{"class":66},[52,111706,3340],{"class":3020},[52,111708,122],{"class":66},[52,111710,100669],{"class":92},[52,111712,2150],{"class":66},[52,111714,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,111716,119],{"class":118},[52,111718,122],{"class":66},[52,111720,3340],{"class":3020},[52,111722,122],{"class":66},[52,111724,100678],{"class":92},[52,111726,2150],{"class":66},[38,111728,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,111730,1937,111732,102821],{"id":111731},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111733,110583],{},[20,111735,102824],{},[1324,111737,1959,111739,668,111741,1964],{"id":111738},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111740,110583],{},[15,111742,100498],{},[20,111744,111745,111747,111748,111750],{},[15,111746,100498],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111749,110583],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1324,111752,1949,111754,111756],{"id":111753},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111755,110583],{}," with lists?",[20,111758,111759],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111761,347],{},[43,111763,111765],{"className":45,"code":111764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111766,111767,111787,111807,111811,111838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111768,111769,111771,111773,111775,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111770,80760],{"class":58},[52,111772,63],{"class":62},[52,111774,3743],{"class":66},[52,111776,71],{"class":70},[52,111778,74],{"class":66},[52,111780,77],{"class":70},[52,111782,74],{"class":66},[52,111784,104],{"class":70},[52,111786,3756],{"class":66},[52,111788,111789,111791,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,111790,80781],{"class":58},[52,111792,63],{"class":62},[52,111794,3743],{"class":66},[52,111796,488],{"class":70},[52,111798,74],{"class":66},[52,111800,109],{"class":70},[52,111802,74],{"class":66},[52,111804,396],{"class":70},[52,111806,3756],{"class":66},[52,111808,111809],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111810,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,111814,474],{"class":58},[52,111816,63],{"class":62},[52,111818,15747],{"class":3020},[52,111820,122],{"class":66},[52,111822,111823],{"class":92},"list1",[52,111825,8752],{"class":66},[52,111827,110673],{"class":92},[52,111829,122],{"class":66},[52,111831,6407],{"class":3020},[52,111833,122],{"class":66},[52,111835,81047],{"class":92},[52,111837,2150],{"class":66},[52,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,111841,119],{"class":118},[52,111843,122],{"class":66},[52,111845,507],{"class":92},[52,111847,127],{"class":66},[20,111849,2193],{},[43,111851,111852],{"className":45,"code":110854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,111853,111854],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111857,9399],{"class":66},[52,111859,71],{"class":70},[52,111861,74],{"class":66},[52,111863,77],{"class":70},[52,111865,74],{"class":66},[52,111867,109],{"class":70},[52,111869,74],{"class":66},[52,111871,396],{"class":70},[52,111873,80],{"class":66},[1324,111875,111877],{"id":111876},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111879,111880],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[38,111882,1996],{"id":1995},[154,111884,111885,111889,111894,111900,111906],{},[157,111886,111887],{},[30,111888,96425],{"href":96424},[157,111890,111891],{},[30,111892,111893],{"href":96428},"Creating a set in Python",[157,111895,111896],{},[30,111897,96907,111898,10859],{"href":102920},[15,111899,100498],{},[157,111901,111902],{},[30,111903,96907,111904,10859],{"href":107809},[15,111905,1319],{},[157,111907,111908],{},[30,111909,2026],{"href":105423},[20,111911,111912,111913,2311,111915,17186,111917,111919],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111914,100498],{},[15,111916,1319],{},[15,111918,110583],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2044,111921,57350],{},{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":111923},[111924,111925,111927,111928,111929,111930,111932,111934,111936,111937,111946],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":110698,"depth":83,"text":111926},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":110879,"depth":83,"text":110880},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":111126,"depth":83,"text":111931},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111268,"depth":83,"text":111933},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111407,"depth":83,"text":111935},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":111938},[111939,111941,111943,111945],{"id":111731,"depth":115,"text":111940},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111738,"depth":115,"text":111942},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111753,"depth":115,"text":111944},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111876,"depth":115,"text":111877},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110575,"description":111947},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111954,"title":111955,"body":111956,"description":114016,"extension":2083,"meta":114017,"navigation":240,"path":107809,"seo":114018,"stem":114019,"__hash__":114020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111957,"toc":113975},[111958,111963,111968,111971,111984,111986,112067,112072,112077,112081,112093,112096,112100,112102,112129,112131,112142,112145,112214,112216,112222,112225,112235,112237,112326,112331,112333,112340,112343,112345,112348,112468,112470,112539,112542,112559,112564,112567,112683,112685,112714,112717,112723,112728,112732,112813,112815,112843,112848,112852,112947,112949,112990,112994,112997,113064,113066,113107,113112,113126,113133,113140,113144,113150,113236,113240,113248,113319,113324,113331,113333,113339,113341,113406,113408,113424,113429,113432,113501,113505,113508,113567,113570,113574,113627,113640,113643,113696,113700,113702,113733,113736,113741,113794,113798,113801,113822,113834,113836,113889,113891,113896,113898,113904,113907,113913,113918,113922,113925,113933,113942,113944,113972],[10,111959,3697,111961,18],{"id":111960},"python-setunion-method",[15,111962,795],{},[20,111964,111965,111967],{},[15,111966,795],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111969,111970],{},"It is useful when you want:",[154,111972,111973,111976,111981],{},[157,111974,111975],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[157,111977,1347,111978,111980],{},[984,111979,100853],{}," as the result",[157,111982,111983],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[38,111985,2125],{"id":2124},[43,111987,111989],{"className":45,"code":111988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111990,111991,112011,112031,112035,112053,112063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111992,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111994,110779],{"class":58},[52,111996,63],{"class":62},[52,111998,67],{"class":66},[52,112000,71],{"class":70},[52,112002,74],{"class":66},[52,112004,77],{"class":70},[52,112006,74],{"class":66},[52,112008,104],{"class":70},[52,112010,80],{"class":66},[52,112012,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112014,110800],{"class":58},[52,112016,63],{"class":62},[52,112018,67],{"class":66},[52,112020,488],{"class":70},[52,112022,74],{"class":66},[52,112024,109],{"class":70},[52,112026,74],{"class":66},[52,112028,396],{"class":70},[52,112030,80],{"class":66},[52,112032,112033],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112034,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112036,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,112038,474],{"class":58},[52,112040,63],{"class":62},[52,112042,110829],{"class":58},[52,112044,89],{"class":66},[52,112046,859],{"class":92},[52,112048,122],{"class":66},[52,112050,100678],{"class":92},[52,112052,127],{"class":66},[52,112054,112055,112057,112059,112061],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,112056,119],{"class":118},[52,112058,122],{"class":66},[52,112060,507],{"class":92},[52,112062,127],{"class":66},[52,112064,112065],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,112066,783],{"class":133},[20,112068,112069,112071],{},[15,112070,1319],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[38,112073,144,112075,147],{"id":112074},"what-setunion-does",[15,112076,795],{},[20,112078,112079,152],{},[15,112080,795],{},[154,112082,112083,112086,112089,112091],{},[157,112084,112085],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[157,112087,112088],{},"keeps only unique values",[157,112090,110709],{},[157,112092,110718],{},[20,112094,112095],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112097,429,112098,89],{},[30,112099,96425],{"href":97587},[38,112101,268],{"id":267},[43,112103,112105],{"className":45,"code":112104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112106,112107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112108,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112110,100669],{"class":58},[52,112112,89],{"class":66},[52,112114,859],{"class":92},[52,112116,122],{"class":66},[52,112118,100678],{"class":92},[52,112120,74],{"class":66},[52,112122,100705],{"class":92},[52,112124,74],{"class":66},[52,112126,34561],{"class":118},[52,112128,127],{"class":66},[20,112130,13169],{},[154,112132,112133,112136,112139],{},[157,112134,112135],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[157,112137,112138],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[157,112140,112141],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112143,112144],{},"Example with two sets:",[43,112146,112148],{"className":45,"code":112147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112149,112150,112166,112182,112186,112204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112151,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112153,1347],{"class":58},[52,112155,63],{"class":62},[52,112157,67],{"class":66},[52,112159,71],{"class":70},[52,112161,74],{"class":66},[52,112163,77],{"class":70},[52,112165,80],{"class":66},[52,112167,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112169,1364],{"class":58},[52,112171,63],{"class":62},[52,112173,67],{"class":66},[52,112175,99],{"class":70},[52,112177,74],{"class":66},[52,112179,104],{"class":70},[52,112181,80],{"class":66},[52,112183,112184],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112185,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112187,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,112189,474],{"class":58},[52,112191,63],{"class":62},[52,112193,1472],{"class":58},[52,112195,89],{"class":66},[52,112197,859],{"class":92},[52,112199,122],{"class":66},[52,112201,1393],{"class":92},[52,112203,127],{"class":66},[52,112205,112206,112208,112210,112212],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,112207,119],{"class":118},[52,112209,122],{"class":66},[52,112211,507],{"class":92},[52,112213,127],{"class":66},[38,112215,437],{"id":436},[20,112217,112218,100850,112220,89],{},[15,112219,795],{},[984,112221,100853],{},[20,112223,112224],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[154,112226,112227,112230],{},[157,112228,112229],{},"the original set",[157,112231,112232,112233],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112234,1319],{},[20,112236,347],{},[43,112238,112240],{"className":45,"code":112239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112241,112242,112258,112274,112278,112296,112300,112313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112243,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112245,1347],{"class":58},[52,112247,63],{"class":62},[52,112249,67],{"class":66},[52,112251,71],{"class":70},[52,112253,74],{"class":66},[52,112255,77],{"class":70},[52,112257,80],{"class":66},[52,112259,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112261,1364],{"class":58},[52,112263,63],{"class":62},[52,112265,67],{"class":66},[52,112267,99],{"class":70},[52,112269,74],{"class":66},[52,112271,104],{"class":70},[52,112273,80],{"class":66},[52,112275,112276],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112277,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112279,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,112281,474],{"class":58},[52,112283,63],{"class":62},[52,112285,1472],{"class":58},[52,112287,89],{"class":66},[52,112289,859],{"class":92},[52,112291,122],{"class":66},[52,112293,1393],{"class":92},[52,112295,127],{"class":66},[52,112297,112298],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,112299,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112301,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,112303,119],{"class":118},[52,112305,122],{"class":66},[52,112307,507],{"class":92},[52,112309,3782],{"class":66},[52,112311,112312],{"class":133},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,112314,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,112316,119],{"class":118},[52,112318,122],{"class":66},[52,112320,30],{"class":92},[52,112322,3782],{"class":66},[52,112324,112325],{"class":133},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112327,2407,112328,112330],{},[15,112329,30],{}," did not change.",[20,112332,110951],{},[154,112334,112335,112337],{},[157,112336,110956],{},[157,112338,112339],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112341,112342],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[38,112344,11592],{"id":11591},[20,112346,112347],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[43,112349,112351],{"className":45,"code":112350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112352,112353,112386,112419,112423,112443,112447,112457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112354,112355,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112356,112357],{"class":58},"fruits1 ",[52,112359,63],{"class":62},[52,112361,67],{"class":66},[52,112363,189],{"class":188},[52,112365,1125],{"class":192},[52,112367,189],{"class":188},[52,112369,74],{"class":66},[52,112371,200],{"class":188},[52,112373,1145],{"class":192},[52,112375,189],{"class":188},[52,112377,74],{"class":66},[52,112379,200],{"class":188},[52,112381,1216],{"class":192},[52,112383,189],{"class":188},[52,112385,80],{"class":66},[52,112387,112388,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112389,112390],{"class":58},"fruits2 ",[52,112392,63],{"class":62},[52,112394,67],{"class":66},[52,112396,189],{"class":188},[52,112398,1145],{"class":192},[52,112400,189],{"class":188},[52,112402,74],{"class":66},[52,112404,200],{"class":188},[52,112406,22642],{"class":192},[52,112408,189],{"class":188},[52,112410,74],{"class":66},[52,112412,200],{"class":188},[52,112414,1216],{"class":192},[52,112416,189],{"class":188},[52,112418,80],{"class":66},[52,112420,112421],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112422,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112424,112425,112427,112429,112432,112434,112436,112438,112441],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,112426,474],{"class":58},[52,112428,63],{"class":62},[52,112430,112431],{"class":58}," fruits1",[52,112433,89],{"class":66},[52,112435,859],{"class":92},[52,112437,122],{"class":66},[52,112439,112440],{"class":92},"fruits2",[52,112442,127],{"class":66},[52,112444,112445],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,112446,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112448,112449,112451,112453,112455],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,112450,119],{"class":118},[52,112452,122],{"class":66},[52,112454,507],{"class":92},[52,112456,127],{"class":66},[52,112458,112459,112461,112463,112466],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,112460,119],{"class":118},[52,112462,122],{"class":66},[52,112464,112465],{"class":92},"fruits1",[52,112467,127],{"class":66},[20,112469,30140],{},[43,112471,112473],{"className":45,"code":112472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112474,112475,112511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112476,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112478,9399],{"class":66},[52,112480,3420],{"class":188},[52,112482,1145],{"class":192},[52,112484,3420],{"class":188},[52,112486,74],{"class":66},[52,112488,3415],{"class":188},[52,112490,1216],{"class":192},[52,112492,3420],{"class":188},[52,112494,74],{"class":66},[52,112496,3415],{"class":188},[52,112498,1125],{"class":192},[52,112500,3420],{"class":188},[52,112502,74],{"class":66},[52,112504,3415],{"class":188},[52,112506,22642],{"class":192},[52,112508,3420],{"class":188},[52,112510,80],{"class":66},[52,112512,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112514,9399],{"class":66},[52,112516,3420],{"class":188},[52,112518,1145],{"class":192},[52,112520,3420],{"class":188},[52,112522,74],{"class":66},[52,112524,3415],{"class":188},[52,112526,1216],{"class":192},[52,112528,3420],{"class":188},[52,112530,74],{"class":66},[52,112532,3415],{"class":188},[52,112534,1125],{"class":192},[52,112536,3420],{"class":188},[52,112538,80],{"class":66},[20,112540,112541],{},"What this shows:",[154,112543,112544,112551,112554],{},[157,112545,112546,668,112548,112550],{},[15,112547,65379],{},[15,112549,65806],{}," appear in both sets",[157,112552,112553],{},"they appear only once in the result",[157,112555,112556,112558],{},[15,112557,112465],{}," stays unchanged",[38,112560,8538,112562,101242],{"id":112561},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112563,1319],{},[20,112565,112566],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[43,112568,112570],{"className":45,"code":112569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112571,112572,112588,112604,112621,112638,112642,112669,112673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112573,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112575,110779],{"class":58},[52,112577,63],{"class":62},[52,112579,67],{"class":66},[52,112581,71],{"class":70},[52,112583,74],{"class":66},[52,112585,77],{"class":70},[52,112587,80],{"class":66},[52,112589,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112591,110800],{"class":58},[52,112593,63],{"class":62},[52,112595,67],{"class":66},[52,112597,99],{"class":70},[52,112599,74],{"class":66},[52,112601,104],{"class":70},[52,112603,80],{"class":66},[52,112605,112606,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112607,112608],{"class":58},"set3 ",[52,112610,63],{"class":62},[52,112612,67],{"class":66},[52,112614,488],{"class":70},[52,112616,74],{"class":66},[52,112618,109],{"class":70},[52,112620,80],{"class":66},[52,112622,112623,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,112624,112625],{"class":58},"set4 ",[52,112627,63],{"class":62},[52,112629,67],{"class":66},[52,112631,391],{"class":70},[52,112633,74],{"class":66},[52,112635,396],{"class":70},[52,112637,80],{"class":66},[52,112639,112640],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,112641,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112643,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112667],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,112645,474],{"class":58},[52,112647,63],{"class":62},[52,112649,110829],{"class":58},[52,112651,89],{"class":66},[52,112653,859],{"class":92},[52,112655,122],{"class":66},[52,112657,100678],{"class":92},[52,112659,74],{"class":66},[52,112661,100705],{"class":92},[52,112663,74],{"class":66},[52,112665,112666],{"class":92}," set4",[52,112668,127],{"class":66},[52,112670,112671],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,112672,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112674,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,112676,119],{"class":118},[52,112678,122],{"class":66},[52,112680,507],{"class":92},[52,112682,127],{"class":66},[20,112684,30140],{},[43,112686,112688],{"className":45,"code":112687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112689,112690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112691,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112693,9399],{"class":66},[52,112695,71],{"class":70},[52,112697,74],{"class":66},[52,112699,77],{"class":70},[52,112701,74],{"class":66},[52,112703,104],{"class":70},[52,112705,74],{"class":66},[52,112707,109],{"class":70},[52,112709,74],{"class":66},[52,112711,396],{"class":70},[52,112713,80],{"class":66},[20,112715,112716],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[38,112718,8538,112720,112722],{"id":112719},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112721,1319],{}," with other iterables",[20,112724,112725,112727],{},[15,112726,1319],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1324,112729,112731],{"id":112730},"with-a-list","With a list",[43,112733,112735],{"className":45,"code":112734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112736,112737,112757,112781,112785,112803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112738,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112740,59],{"class":58},[52,112742,63],{"class":62},[52,112744,67],{"class":66},[52,112746,71],{"class":70},[52,112748,74],{"class":66},[52,112750,77],{"class":70},[52,112752,74],{"class":66},[52,112754,104],{"class":70},[52,112756,80],{"class":66},[52,112758,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112760,61156],{"class":58},[52,112762,63],{"class":62},[52,112764,3743],{"class":66},[52,112766,488],{"class":70},[52,112768,74],{"class":66},[52,112770,109],{"class":70},[52,112772,74],{"class":66},[52,112774,396],{"class":70},[52,112776,74],{"class":66},[52,112778,396],{"class":70},[52,112780,3756],{"class":66},[52,112782,112783],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112784,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112786,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,112788,474],{"class":58},[52,112790,63],{"class":62},[52,112792,479],{"class":58},[52,112794,89],{"class":66},[52,112796,859],{"class":92},[52,112798,122],{"class":66},[52,112800,61185],{"class":92},[52,112802,127],{"class":66},[52,112804,112805,112807,112809,112811],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,112806,119],{"class":118},[52,112808,122],{"class":66},[52,112810,507],{"class":92},[52,112812,127],{"class":66},[20,112814,30140],{},[43,112816,112817],{"className":45,"code":112687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,112818,112819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112820,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112822,9399],{"class":66},[52,112824,71],{"class":70},[52,112826,74],{"class":66},[52,112828,77],{"class":70},[52,112830,74],{"class":66},[52,112832,104],{"class":70},[52,112834,74],{"class":66},[52,112836,109],{"class":70},[52,112838,74],{"class":66},[52,112840,396],{"class":70},[52,112842,80],{"class":66},[20,112844,260,112845,112847],{},[15,112846,1705],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1324,112849,112851],{"id":112850},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[43,112853,112855],{"className":45,"code":112854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112856,112857,112881,112914,112918,112937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112858,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112860,921],{"class":58},[52,112862,63],{"class":62},[52,112864,67],{"class":66},[52,112866,189],{"class":188},[52,112868,30],{"class":192},[52,112870,189],{"class":188},[52,112872,74],{"class":66},[52,112874,200],{"class":188},[52,112876,1393],{"class":192},[52,112878,189],{"class":188},[52,112880,80],{"class":66},[52,112882,112883,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,112884,112885],{"class":58},"more_letters ",[52,112887,63],{"class":62},[52,112889,388],{"class":66},[52,112891,189],{"class":188},[52,112893,1393],{"class":192},[52,112895,189],{"class":188},[52,112897,74],{"class":66},[52,112899,200],{"class":188},[52,112901,1491],{"class":192},[52,112903,189],{"class":188},[52,112905,74],{"class":66},[52,112907,200],{"class":188},[52,112909,18879],{"class":192},[52,112911,189],{"class":188},[52,112913,127],{"class":66},[52,112915,112916],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112917,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,112919,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112935],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,112921,474],{"class":58},[52,112923,63],{"class":62},[52,112925,70200],{"class":58},[52,112927,89],{"class":66},[52,112929,859],{"class":92},[52,112931,122],{"class":66},[52,112933,112934],{"class":92},"more_letters",[52,112936,127],{"class":66},[52,112938,112939,112941,112943,112945],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,112940,119],{"class":118},[52,112942,122],{"class":66},[52,112944,507],{"class":92},[52,112946,127],{"class":66},[20,112948,30140],{},[43,112950,112952],{"className":45,"code":112951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112953,112954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112955,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112957,9399],{"class":66},[52,112959,3420],{"class":188},[52,112961,30],{"class":192},[52,112963,3420],{"class":188},[52,112965,74],{"class":66},[52,112967,3415],{"class":188},[52,112969,1393],{"class":192},[52,112971,3420],{"class":188},[52,112973,74],{"class":66},[52,112975,3415],{"class":188},[52,112977,1491],{"class":192},[52,112979,3420],{"class":188},[52,112981,74],{"class":66},[52,112983,3415],{"class":188},[52,112985,18879],{"class":192},[52,112987,3420],{"class":188},[52,112989,80],{"class":66},[1324,112991,112993],{"id":112992},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112995,112996],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[43,112998,113000],{"className":45,"code":112999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113001,113002,113027,113050,113054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113003,113004,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113005,113006],{"class":58},"chars ",[52,113008,63],{"class":62},[52,113010,67],{"class":66},[52,113012,189],{"class":188},[52,113014,30],{"class":192},[52,113016,189],{"class":188},[52,113018,74],{"class":66},[52,113020,200],{"class":188},[52,113022,1393],{"class":192},[52,113024,189],{"class":188},[52,113026,80],{"class":66},[52,113028,113029,113031,113033,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113030,474],{"class":58},[52,113032,63],{"class":62},[52,113034,113035],{"class":58}," chars",[52,113037,89],{"class":66},[52,113039,859],{"class":92},[52,113041,122],{"class":66},[52,113043,189],{"class":188},[52,113045,950],{"class":192},[52,113047,189],{"class":188},[52,113049,127],{"class":66},[52,113051,113052],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113053,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113055,113056,113058,113060,113062],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,113057,119],{"class":118},[52,113059,122],{"class":66},[52,113061,507],{"class":92},[52,113063,127],{"class":66},[20,113065,30140],{},[43,113067,113069],{"className":45,"code":113068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113070,113071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113072,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113074,9399],{"class":66},[52,113076,3420],{"class":188},[52,113078,30],{"class":192},[52,113080,3420],{"class":188},[52,113082,74],{"class":66},[52,113084,3415],{"class":188},[52,113086,1393],{"class":192},[52,113088,3420],{"class":188},[52,113090,74],{"class":66},[52,113092,3415],{"class":188},[52,113094,1491],{"class":192},[52,113096,3420],{"class":188},[52,113098,74],{"class":66},[52,113100,3415],{"class":188},[52,113102,63392],{"class":192},[52,113104,3420],{"class":188},[52,113106,80],{"class":66},[20,113108,22298,113109,113111],{},[15,113110,990],{}," is processed as:",[154,113113,113114,113118,113122],{},[157,113115,113116],{},[15,113117,998],{},[157,113119,113120],{},[15,113121,1003],{},[157,113123,113124],{},[15,113125,1008],{},[38,113127,113129,1083,113131],{"id":113128},"union-vs-update",[15,113130,1319],{},[15,113132,17],{},[20,113134,113135,668,113137,113139],{},[15,113136,1319],{},[15,113138,17],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1324,113141,113142],{"id":859},[15,113143,1319],{},[154,113145,113146,113148],{},[157,113147,110709],{},[157,113149,110718],{},[43,113151,113152],{"className":45,"code":112239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113153,113154,113170,113186,113190,113208,113212,113224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113155,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166,113168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113157,1347],{"class":58},[52,113159,63],{"class":62},[52,113161,67],{"class":66},[52,113163,71],{"class":70},[52,113165,74],{"class":66},[52,113167,77],{"class":70},[52,113169,80],{"class":66},[52,113171,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182,113184],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113173,1364],{"class":58},[52,113175,63],{"class":62},[52,113177,67],{"class":66},[52,113179,99],{"class":70},[52,113181,74],{"class":66},[52,113183,104],{"class":70},[52,113185,80],{"class":66},[52,113187,113188],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113189,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113191,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204,113206],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,113193,474],{"class":58},[52,113195,63],{"class":62},[52,113197,1472],{"class":58},[52,113199,89],{"class":66},[52,113201,859],{"class":92},[52,113203,122],{"class":66},[52,113205,1393],{"class":92},[52,113207,127],{"class":66},[52,113209,113210],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,113211,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113213,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,113215,119],{"class":118},[52,113217,122],{"class":66},[52,113219,507],{"class":92},[52,113221,3782],{"class":66},[52,113223,112312],{"class":133},[52,113225,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,113227,119],{"class":118},[52,113229,122],{"class":66},[52,113231,30],{"class":92},[52,113233,3782],{"class":66},[52,113235,112325],{"class":133},[1324,113237,113238],{"id":93},[15,113239,17],{},[154,113241,113242,113245],{},[157,113243,113244],{},"changes the existing set in place",[157,113246,113247],{},"does not create a separate result set",[43,113249,113251],{"className":45,"code":113250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113252,113253,113269,113285,113289,113303,113307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113254,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113256,1347],{"class":58},[52,113258,63],{"class":62},[52,113260,67],{"class":66},[52,113262,71],{"class":70},[52,113264,74],{"class":66},[52,113266,77],{"class":70},[52,113268,80],{"class":66},[52,113270,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113272,1364],{"class":58},[52,113274,63],{"class":62},[52,113276,67],{"class":66},[52,113278,99],{"class":70},[52,113280,74],{"class":66},[52,113282,104],{"class":70},[52,113284,80],{"class":66},[52,113286,113287],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113288,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113290,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,113292,30],{"class":58},[52,113294,89],{"class":66},[52,113296,93],{"class":92},[52,113298,122],{"class":66},[52,113300,1393],{"class":92},[52,113302,127],{"class":66},[52,113304,113305],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,113306,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113308,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,113310,119],{"class":118},[52,113312,122],{"class":66},[52,113314,30],{"class":92},[52,113316,3782],{"class":66},[52,113318,112312],{"class":133},[20,113320,137,113321,113323],{},[15,113322,1319],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113325,113326,113327,89],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[30,113328,3697,113329,10859],{"href":98605},[15,113330,24],{},[38,113332,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,113334,8574,113336,113338],{"id":113335},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113337,1319],{}," to change the original set",[20,113340,81929],{},[43,113342,113344],{"className":45,"code":113343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113345,113346,113362,113378,113382,113396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113347,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113349,1347],{"class":58},[52,113351,63],{"class":62},[52,113353,67],{"class":66},[52,113355,71],{"class":70},[52,113357,74],{"class":66},[52,113359,77],{"class":70},[52,113361,80],{"class":66},[52,113363,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113365,1364],{"class":58},[52,113367,63],{"class":62},[52,113369,67],{"class":66},[52,113371,99],{"class":70},[52,113373,74],{"class":66},[52,113375,104],{"class":70},[52,113377,80],{"class":66},[52,113379,113380],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113381,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113383,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,113385,30],{"class":58},[52,113387,89],{"class":66},[52,113389,859],{"class":92},[52,113391,122],{"class":66},[52,113393,1393],{"class":92},[52,113395,127],{"class":66},[52,113397,113398,113400,113402,113404],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,113399,119],{"class":118},[52,113401,122],{"class":66},[52,113403,30],{"class":92},[52,113405,127],{"class":66},[20,113407,2193],{},[43,113409,113410],{"className":45,"code":100591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113411,113412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113413,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113415,9399],{"class":66},[52,113417,71],{"class":70},[52,113419,74],{"class":66},[52,113421,77],{"class":70},[52,113423,80],{"class":66},[20,113425,8617,113426,113428],{},[15,113427,1319],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113430,113431],{},"Fix it like this:",[43,113433,113435],{"className":45,"code":113434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113436,113437,113453,113469,113473,113491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113438,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113440,1347],{"class":58},[52,113442,63],{"class":62},[52,113444,67],{"class":66},[52,113446,71],{"class":70},[52,113448,74],{"class":66},[52,113450,77],{"class":70},[52,113452,80],{"class":66},[52,113454,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113456,1364],{"class":58},[52,113458,63],{"class":62},[52,113460,67],{"class":66},[52,113462,99],{"class":70},[52,113464,74],{"class":66},[52,113466,104],{"class":70},[52,113468,80],{"class":66},[52,113470,113471],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113472,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113474,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,113476,1347],{"class":58},[52,113478,63],{"class":62},[52,113480,1472],{"class":58},[52,113482,89],{"class":66},[52,113484,859],{"class":92},[52,113486,122],{"class":66},[52,113488,1393],{"class":92},[52,113490,127],{"class":66},[52,113492,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,113494,119],{"class":118},[52,113496,122],{"class":66},[52,113498,30],{"class":92},[52,113500,127],{"class":66},[1324,113502,113504],{"id":113503},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113506,113507],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[43,113509,113511],{"className":45,"code":113510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113512,113513,113529,113545,113549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113514,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113516,1347],{"class":58},[52,113518,63],{"class":62},[52,113520,67],{"class":66},[52,113522,488],{"class":70},[52,113524,74],{"class":66},[52,113526,5616],{"class":70},[52,113528,80],{"class":66},[52,113530,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113532,1364],{"class":58},[52,113534,63],{"class":62},[52,113536,67],{"class":66},[52,113538,99],{"class":70},[52,113540,74],{"class":66},[52,113542,109],{"class":70},[52,113544,80],{"class":66},[52,113546,113547],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113548,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,113550,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561,113563,113565],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,113552,119],{"class":118},[52,113554,122],{"class":66},[52,113556,30],{"class":92},[52,113558,89],{"class":66},[52,113560,859],{"class":92},[52,113562,122],{"class":66},[52,113564,1393],{"class":92},[52,113566,2150],{"class":66},[20,113568,113569],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1324,113571,113573],{"id":113572},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[43,113575,113577],{"className":45,"code":113576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113578,113579,113595,113617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113580,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113582,1025],{"class":58},[52,113584,63],{"class":62},[52,113586,67],{"class":66},[52,113588,189],{"class":188},[52,113590,1034],{"class":192},[52,113592,189],{"class":188},[52,113594,80],{"class":66},[52,113596,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113598,474],{"class":58},[52,113600,63],{"class":62},[52,113602,6288],{"class":58},[52,113604,89],{"class":66},[52,113606,859],{"class":92},[52,113608,122],{"class":66},[52,113610,189],{"class":188},[52,113612,950],{"class":192},[52,113614,189],{"class":188},[52,113616,127],{"class":66},[52,113618,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113620,119],{"class":118},[52,113622,122],{"class":66},[52,113624,507],{"class":92},[52,113626,127],{"class":66},[20,113628,113629,113630,2311,113632,17186,113634,113636,113637,113639],{},"This adds ",[15,113631,998],{},[15,113633,1003],{},[15,113635,1008],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113638,990],{}," as one item.",[20,113641,113642],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[43,113644,113646],{"className":45,"code":113645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113647,113648,113664,113686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113649,113650,113652,113654,113656,113658,113660,113662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113651,1025],{"class":58},[52,113653,63],{"class":62},[52,113655,67],{"class":66},[52,113657,189],{"class":188},[52,113659,1034],{"class":192},[52,113661,189],{"class":188},[52,113663,80],{"class":66},[52,113665,113666,113668,113670,113672,113674,113676,113678,113680,113682,113684],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113667,474],{"class":58},[52,113669,63],{"class":62},[52,113671,6288],{"class":58},[52,113673,89],{"class":66},[52,113675,859],{"class":92},[52,113677,96],{"class":66},[52,113679,189],{"class":188},[52,113681,950],{"class":192},[52,113683,189],{"class":188},[52,113685,112],{"class":66},[52,113687,113688,113690,113692,113694],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113689,119],{"class":118},[52,113691,122],{"class":66},[52,113693,507],{"class":92},[52,113695,127],{"class":66},[1324,113697,113699],{"id":113698},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113701,1671],{},[43,113703,113705],{"className":45,"code":113704,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113706,113707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113708,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719,113721,113723,113725,113727,113729,113731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113710,1549],{"class":58},[52,113712,63],{"class":62},[52,113714,67],{"class":66},[52,113716,71],{"class":70},[52,113718,74],{"class":66},[52,113720,77],{"class":70},[52,113722,74],{"class":66},[52,113724,3743],{"class":66},[52,113726,488],{"class":70},[52,113728,74],{"class":66},[52,113730,109],{"class":70},[52,113732,13821],{"class":66},[20,113734,113735],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113737,113738,113739,152],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113740,1319],{},[43,113742,113744],{"className":45,"code":113743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113745,113746,113762,113784],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113747,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758,113760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113749,1549],{"class":58},[52,113751,63],{"class":62},[52,113753,67],{"class":66},[52,113755,71],{"class":70},[52,113757,74],{"class":66},[52,113759,77],{"class":70},[52,113761,80],{"class":66},[52,113763,113764,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774,113776,113778,113780,113782],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113765,474],{"class":58},[52,113767,63],{"class":62},[52,113769,1570],{"class":58},[52,113771,89],{"class":66},[52,113773,859],{"class":92},[52,113775,96],{"class":66},[52,113777,488],{"class":70},[52,113779,74],{"class":66},[52,113781,109],{"class":70},[52,113783,112],{"class":66},[52,113785,113786,113788,113790,113792],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113787,119],{"class":118},[52,113789,122],{"class":66},[52,113791,507],{"class":92},[52,113793,127],{"class":66},[38,113795,113797],{"id":113796},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113799,113800],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[154,113802,113803,113809,113816,113819],{},[157,113804,113805,113806,113808],{},"call ",[15,113807,1319],{}," without saving the returned set",[157,113810,113811,113812,8826,113814],{},"confuse ",[15,113813,1319],{},[15,113815,17],{},[157,113817,113818],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[157,113820,113821],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113823,113824,113825,668,113829,89],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[30,113826,3697,113827,10859],{"href":102870},[15,113828,106653],{},[30,113830,3697,113832,10859],{"href":113831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113833,100503],{},[20,113835,62400],{},[43,113837,113839],{"className":45,"code":113838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113840,113841,113851,113865,113875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113842,113843,113845,113847,113849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113844,119],{"class":118},[52,113846,122],{"class":66},[52,113848,281],{"class":92},[52,113850,127],{"class":66},[52,113852,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,113854,119],{"class":118},[52,113856,122],{"class":66},[52,113858,3340],{"class":3020},[52,113860,122],{"class":66},[52,113862,281],{"class":92},[52,113864,2150],{"class":66},[52,113866,113867,113869,113871,113873],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113868,119],{"class":118},[52,113870,122],{"class":66},[52,113872,507],{"class":92},[52,113874,127],{"class":66},[52,113876,113877,113879,113881,113883,113885,113887],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,113878,32262],{"class":118},[52,113880,122],{"class":66},[52,113882,6407],{"class":3020},[52,113884,89],{"class":66},[52,113886,859],{"class":24860},[52,113888,127],{"class":66},[38,113890,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,113892,1937,113894,102821],{"id":113893},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113895,795],{},[20,113897,102824],{},[1324,113899,5288,113901,113903],{"id":113900},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113902,1319],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113905,113906],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1324,113908,1949,113910,113912],{"id":113909},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113911,1319],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113914,42260,113915,113917],{},[15,113916,1319],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1324,113919,113921],{"id":113920},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113923,113924],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1324,113926,1959,113928,668,113930,1964],{"id":113927},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113929,1319],{},[15,113931,113932],{},"|",[20,113934,113935,113936,113938,113939,113941],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113937,113932],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113940,1319],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[38,113943,1996],{"id":1995},[154,113945,113946,113950,113956,113962,113968],{},[157,113947,113948],{},[30,113949,96425],{"href":97587},[157,113951,113952],{},[30,113953,3697,113954,10859],{"href":98605},[15,113955,24],{},[157,113957,113958],{},[30,113959,3697,113960,10859],{"href":102870},[15,113961,106653],{},[157,113963,113964],{},[30,113965,3697,113966,10859],{"href":113831},[15,113967,100503],{},[157,113969,113970],{},[30,113971,2026],{"href":683},[2044,113973,113974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":113976},[113977,113978,113980,113981,113982,113983,113985,113991,113996,114003,114004,114015],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":112074,"depth":83,"text":113979},"What set.union() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":436,"depth":83,"text":437},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":112561,"depth":83,"text":113984},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112719,"depth":83,"text":113986,"children":113987},"Using union() with other iterables",[113988,113989,113990],{"id":112730,"depth":115,"text":112731},{"id":112850,"depth":115,"text":112851},{"id":112992,"depth":115,"text":112993},{"id":113128,"depth":83,"text":113992,"children":113993},"union() vs update()",[113994,113995],{"id":859,"depth":115,"text":1319},{"id":93,"depth":115,"text":17},{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":113997},[113998,114000,114001,114002],{"id":113335,"depth":115,"text":113999},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113503,"depth":115,"text":113504},{"id":113572,"depth":115,"text":113573},{"id":113698,"depth":115,"text":113699},{"id":113796,"depth":83,"text":113797},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":114005},[114006,114008,114010,114012,114013],{"id":113893,"depth":115,"text":114007},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113900,"depth":115,"text":114009},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113909,"depth":115,"text":114011},"Can I use union() with a list or 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,"code":1875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,115615,115616,115632,115650,115654,115664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115617,115618,115620,115622,115624,115626,115628,115630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115619,1549],{"class":58},[52,115621,63],{"class":62},[52,115623,67],{"class":66},[52,115625,189],{"class":188},[52,115627,1034],{"class":192},[52,115629,189],{"class":188},[52,115631,80],{"class":66},[52,115633,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646,115648],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,115635,281],{"class":58},[52,115637,89],{"class":66},[52,115639,1048],{"class":92},[52,115641,122],{"class":66},[52,115643,189],{"class":188},[52,115645,950],{"class":192},[52,115647,189],{"class":188},[52,115649,127],{"class":66},[52,115651,115652],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115653,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,115655,115656,115658,115660,115662],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,115657,119],{"class":118},[52,115659,122],{"class":66},[52,115661,281],{"class":92},[52,115663,127],{"class":66},[52,115665,115666],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,115667,1077],{"class":133},[38,115669,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,115671,1937,115672,1940],{"id":1936},[15,115673,24],{},[20,115675,1943,115676,89],{},[15,115677,445],{},[1324,115679,1949,115680,1952],{"id":1948},[15,115681,17],{},[20,115683,1955],{},[1324,115685,1959,115686,668,115688,1964],{"id":1958},[15,115687,1086],{},[15,115689,17],{},[20,115691,115692,1969,115694,1972],{},[15,115693,1086],{},[15,115695,17],{},[1324,115697,1976],{"id":1975},[20,115699,1979,115700,911],{},[15,115701,17],{},[1324,115703,1985],{"id":1984},[20,115705,137,115706,1990,115708,89],{},[15,115707,1319],{},[15,115709,17],{},[38,115711,1996],{"id":1995},[154,115713,115714,115720,115726,115732,115738],{},[157,115715,115716],{},[30,115717,115718],{"href":32},[15,115719,2005],{},[157,115721,115722],{},[30,115723,115724],{"href":792},[15,115725,2012],{},[157,115727,115728],{},[30,115729,115730],{"href":432},[15,115731,2019],{},[157,115733,115734],{},[30,115735,115736],{"href":683},[15,115737,2026],{},[157,115739,115740],{},[30,115741,115742,2033],{"href":1780},[15,115743,1784],{},[20,115745,2036,115746,2039,115748,2042],{},[15,115747,35],{},[15,115749,795],{},[2044,115751,2046],{},{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":115753},[115754,115755,115756,115757,115758,115759,115760,115761,115762,115766,115772,115779],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":143,"depth":83,"text":2051},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":436,"depth":83,"text":437},{"id":582,"depth":83,"text":583},{"id":688,"depth":83,"text":689},{"id":904,"depth":83,"text":905},{"id":1080,"depth":83,"text":2058},{"id":1314,"depth":83,"text":2060,"children":115763},[115764,115765],{"id":93,"depth":115,"text":17},{"id":859,"depth":115,"text":1319},{"id":1526,"depth":83,"text":1527,"children":115767},[115768,115769,115770,115771],{"id":1535,"depth":115,"text":1536},{"id":1667,"depth":115,"text":1668},{"id":1787,"depth":115,"text":1788},{"id":1859,"depth":115,"text":2070},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":115773},[115774,115775,115776,115777,115778],{"id":1936,"depth":115,"text":2074},{"id":1948,"depth":115,"text":2076},{"id":1958,"depth":115,"text":2078},{"id":1975,"depth":115,"text":1976},{"id":1984,"depth":115,"text":1985},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},{},{"title":5,"description":2082},{"id":115783,"title":115784,"body":115785,"description":117551,"extension":2083,"meta":117552,"navigation":240,"path":13905,"seo":117553,"stem":117554,"__hash__":117555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115786,"toc":117526},[115787,115790,115793,115796,115807,115815,115818,115820,115969,115981,115985,116002,116006,116014,116016,116027,116029,116126,116132,116135,116231,116240,116245,116249,116254,116256,116266,116268,116377,116385,116389,116392,116395,116412,116418,116498,116501,116505,116508,116512,116515,116574,116577,116581,116584,116676,116680,116683,116790,116794,116800,116828,116830,116912,116922,116926,116929,116940,116943,117028,117031,117036,117040,117043,117054,117057,117199,117202,117206,117209,117223,117226,117287,117293,117295,117298,117320,117323,117423,117426,117458,117460,117464,117467,117469,117472,117476,117479,117483,117486,117490,117493,117495,117523],[10,115788,115784],{"id":115789},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115791,115792],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115794,115795],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[154,115797,115798,115801,115804],{},[157,115799,115800],{},"a list inside another list",[157,115802,115803],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[157,115805,115806],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115808,100351,115809,668,115811,115814],{},[984,115810,12967],{},[984,115812,115813],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115816,115817],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[38,115819,2125],{"id":2124},[43,115821,115823],{"className":45,"code":115822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115824,115825,115832,115836,115862,115882,115902,115906,115924,115928,115941,115955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115826,115827,115829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115828,35199],{"class":3996},[52,115830,115831],{"class":58}," copy\n",[52,115833,115834],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,115835,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,115837,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858,115860],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115839,12202],{"class":58},[52,115841,63],{"class":62},[52,115843,56403],{"class":66},[52,115845,71],{"class":70},[52,115847,74],{"class":66},[52,115849,77],{"class":70},[52,115851,385],{"class":66},[52,115853,3743],{"class":66},[52,115855,488],{"class":70},[52,115857,74],{"class":66},[52,115859,109],{"class":70},[52,115861,53351],{"class":66},[52,115863,115864,115867,115869,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,115865,115866],{"class":58},"shallow ",[52,115868,63],{"class":62},[52,115870,115871],{"class":58}," copy",[52,115873,89],{"class":66},[52,115875,13028],{"class":92},[52,115877,122],{"class":66},[52,115879,12249],{"class":92},[52,115881,127],{"class":66},[52,115883,115884,115887,115889,115891,115893,115896,115898,115900],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,115885,115886],{"class":58},"deep ",[52,115888,63],{"class":62},[52,115890,115871],{"class":58},[52,115892,89],{"class":66},[52,115894,115895],{"class":92},"deepcopy",[52,115897,122],{"class":66},[52,115899,12249],{"class":92},[52,115901,127],{"class":66},[52,115903,115904],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,115905,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,115907,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,115909,12249],{"class":58},[52,115911,4020],{"class":66},[52,115913,2243],{"class":70},[52,115915,13665],{"class":66},[52,115917,13668],{"class":92},[52,115919,122],{"class":66},[52,115921,56456],{"class":70},[52,115923,127],{"class":66},[52,115925,115926],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,115927,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,115929,115930,115932,115934,115936,115938],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,115931,119],{"class":118},[52,115933,122],{"class":66},[52,115935,12249],{"class":92},[52,115937,3782],{"class":66},[52,115939,115940],{"class":133},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115942,115943,115945,115947,115950,115952],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,115944,119],{"class":118},[52,115946,122],{"class":66},[52,115948,115949],{"class":92},"shallow",[52,115951,3782],{"class":66},[52,115953,115954],{"class":133},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115956,115957,115959,115961,115964,115966],{"class":54,"line":11712},[52,115958,119],{"class":118},[52,115960,122],{"class":66},[52,115962,115963],{"class":92},"deep",[52,115965,3782],{"class":66},[52,115967,115968],{"class":133},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115970,137,115971,115974,115975,668,115977,115980],{},[15,115972,115973],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[984,115976,12967],{},[15,115978,115979],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[38,115982,115984],{"id":115983},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[154,115986,115987,115990,115993,115996,115999],{},[157,115988,115989],{},"What a copy means in Python",[157,115991,115992],{},"How shallow copy works",[157,115994,115995],{},"How deep copy works",[157,115997,115998],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[157,116000,116001],{},"When to use each approach",[38,116003,116005],{"id":116004},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116007,15303,116008,116010,116011,116013],{},[984,116009,12967],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[984,116012,986],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116015,2230],{},[154,116017,116018,116021,116024],{},[157,116019,116020],{},"the outer container is new",[157,116022,116023],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[157,116025,116026],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116028,347],{},[43,116030,116032],{"className":45,"code":116031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116033,116034,116060,116074,116078,116096,116100,116113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116035,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116037,12202],{"class":58},[52,116039,63],{"class":62},[52,116041,56403],{"class":66},[52,116043,71],{"class":70},[52,116045,74],{"class":66},[52,116047,77],{"class":70},[52,116049,385],{"class":66},[52,116051,3743],{"class":66},[52,116053,488],{"class":70},[52,116055,74],{"class":66},[52,116057,109],{"class":70},[52,116059,53351],{"class":66},[52,116061,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116063,14426],{"class":58},[52,116065,63],{"class":62},[52,116067,12277],{"class":58},[52,116069,89],{"class":66},[52,116071,13028],{"class":92},[52,116073,8764],{"class":66},[52,116075,116076],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116077,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116079,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116081,14445],{"class":58},[52,116083,89],{"class":66},[52,116085,13668],{"class":92},[52,116087,96],{"class":66},[52,116089,1705],{"class":70},[52,116091,74],{"class":66},[52,116093,37750],{"class":70},[52,116095,112],{"class":66},[52,116097,116098],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,116099,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116101,116102,116104,116106,116108,116110],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,116103,119],{"class":118},[52,116105,122],{"class":66},[52,116107,12249],{"class":92},[52,116109,3782],{"class":66},[52,116111,116112],{"class":133},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116114,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,116116,119],{"class":118},[52,116118,122],{"class":66},[52,116120,14445],{"class":92},[52,116122,3782],{"class":66},[52,116124,116125],{"class":133},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116127,116128,116129,116131],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116130,14445],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116133,116134],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[43,116136,116138],{"className":45,"code":116137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116139,116140,116166,116180,116184,116202,116206,116218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116141,116142,116144,116146,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116143,12202],{"class":58},[52,116145,63],{"class":62},[52,116147,56403],{"class":66},[52,116149,71],{"class":70},[52,116151,74],{"class":66},[52,116153,77],{"class":70},[52,116155,385],{"class":66},[52,116157,3743],{"class":66},[52,116159,488],{"class":70},[52,116161,74],{"class":66},[52,116163,109],{"class":70},[52,116165,53351],{"class":66},[52,116167,116168,116170,116172,116174,116176,116178],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116169,14426],{"class":58},[52,116171,63],{"class":62},[52,116173,12277],{"class":58},[52,116175,89],{"class":66},[52,116177,13028],{"class":92},[52,116179,8764],{"class":66},[52,116181,116182],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116183,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116185,116186,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116187,14445],{"class":58},[52,116189,4020],{"class":66},[52,116191,2243],{"class":70},[52,116193,13665],{"class":66},[52,116195,13668],{"class":92},[52,116197,122],{"class":66},[52,116199,56456],{"class":70},[52,116201,127],{"class":66},[52,116203,116204],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,116205,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116207,116208,116210,116212,116214,116216],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,116209,119],{"class":118},[52,116211,122],{"class":66},[52,116213,12249],{"class":92},[52,116215,3782],{"class":66},[52,116217,115940],{"class":133},[52,116219,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,116221,119],{"class":118},[52,116223,122],{"class":66},[52,116225,14445],{"class":92},[52,116227,3782],{"class":66},[52,116229,116230],{"class":133},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116232,116233,116234,668,116236,116239],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116235,56560],{},[15,116237,116238],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116241,116242,116243,89],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[30,116244,44045],{"href":12181},[38,116246,116248],{"id":116247},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116250,15303,116251,116253],{},[984,116252,115813],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116255,2230],{},[154,116257,116258,116260,116263],{},[157,116259,116020],{},[157,116261,116262],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[157,116264,116265],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116267,347],{},[43,116269,116271],{"className":45,"code":116270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116272,116273,116279,116283,116309,116327,116331,116349,116353,116365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116274,116275,116277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116276,35199],{"class":3996},[52,116278,115831],{"class":58},[52,116280,116281],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116282,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116284,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116286,12202],{"class":58},[52,116288,63],{"class":62},[52,116290,56403],{"class":66},[52,116292,71],{"class":70},[52,116294,74],{"class":66},[52,116296,77],{"class":70},[52,116298,385],{"class":66},[52,116300,3743],{"class":66},[52,116302,488],{"class":70},[52,116304,74],{"class":66},[52,116306,109],{"class":70},[52,116308,53351],{"class":66},[52,116310,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116312,14426],{"class":58},[52,116314,63],{"class":62},[52,116316,115871],{"class":58},[52,116318,89],{"class":66},[52,116320,115895],{"class":92},[52,116322,122],{"class":66},[52,116324,12249],{"class":92},[52,116326,127],{"class":66},[52,116328,116329],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,116330,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116332,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,116334,14445],{"class":58},[52,116336,4020],{"class":66},[52,116338,2243],{"class":70},[52,116340,13665],{"class":66},[52,116342,13668],{"class":92},[52,116344,122],{"class":66},[52,116346,56456],{"class":70},[52,116348,127],{"class":66},[52,116350,116351],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,116352,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116354,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,116356,119],{"class":118},[52,116358,122],{"class":66},[52,116360,12249],{"class":92},[52,116362,3782],{"class":66},[52,116364,116112],{"class":133},[52,116366,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,116368,119],{"class":118},[52,116370,122],{"class":66},[52,116372,14445],{"class":92},[52,116374,3782],{"class":66},[52,116376,116230],{"class":133},[20,116378,116379,116380,116382,116383,89],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116381,116238],{}," does not change ",[15,116384,56560],{},[38,116386,116388],{"id":116387},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116390,116391],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116393,116394],{},"Common reasons:",[154,116396,116397,116400,116403,116409],{},[157,116398,116399],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[157,116401,116402],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[157,116404,116405,116406,116408],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116407,63],{}," does not make a copy",[157,116410,116411],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116413,116414,116415,116417],{},"For example, this does ",[984,116416,986],{}," create a copy:",[43,116419,116421],{"className":45,"code":116420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116422,116423,116443,116451,116455,116469,116473,116485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116424,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116426,12202],{"class":58},[52,116428,63],{"class":62},[52,116430,3743],{"class":66},[52,116432,71],{"class":70},[52,116434,74],{"class":66},[52,116436,77],{"class":70},[52,116438,74],{"class":66},[52,116440,104],{"class":70},[52,116442,3756],{"class":66},[52,116444,116445,116447,116449],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116446,14426],{"class":58},[52,116448,63],{"class":62},[52,116450,12240],{"class":58},[52,116452,116453],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116454,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116456,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465,116467],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116458,14445],{"class":58},[52,116460,89],{"class":66},[52,116462,13668],{"class":92},[52,116464,122],{"class":66},[52,116466,391],{"class":70},[52,116468,127],{"class":66},[52,116470,116471],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,116472,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116474,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,116476,119],{"class":118},[52,116478,122],{"class":66},[52,116480,12249],{"class":92},[52,116482,3782],{"class":66},[52,116484,55810],{"class":133},[52,116486,116487,116489,116491,116493,116495],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,116488,119],{"class":118},[52,116490,122],{"class":66},[52,116492,14445],{"class":92},[52,116494,3782],{"class":66},[52,116496,116497],{"class":133},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116499,116500],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[38,116502,116504],{"id":116503},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116506,116507],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1324,116509,116511],{"id":116510},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116513,116514],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[43,116516,116518],{"className":45,"code":116517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116519,116520,116546,116554,116558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116521,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116523,12202],{"class":58},[52,116525,63],{"class":62},[52,116527,56403],{"class":66},[52,116529,71],{"class":70},[52,116531,74],{"class":66},[52,116533,77],{"class":70},[52,116535,385],{"class":66},[52,116537,3743],{"class":66},[52,116539,488],{"class":70},[52,116541,74],{"class":66},[52,116543,109],{"class":70},[52,116545,53351],{"class":66},[52,116547,116548,116550,116552],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116549,14217],{"class":58},[52,116551,63],{"class":62},[52,116553,12240],{"class":58},[52,116555,116556],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116557,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116559,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116561,119],{"class":118},[52,116563,122],{"class":66},[52,116565,12202],{"class":92},[52,116567,12310],{"class":3996},[52,116569,14285],{"class":92},[52,116571,3782],{"class":66},[52,116573,3785],{"class":133},[20,116575,116576],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1324,116578,116580],{"id":116579},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116582,116583],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[43,116585,116587],{"className":45,"code":116586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116588,116589,116615,116629,116633,116650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116590,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116592,12202],{"class":58},[52,116594,63],{"class":62},[52,116596,56403],{"class":66},[52,116598,71],{"class":70},[52,116600,74],{"class":66},[52,116602,77],{"class":70},[52,116604,385],{"class":66},[52,116606,3743],{"class":66},[52,116608,488],{"class":70},[52,116610,74],{"class":66},[52,116612,109],{"class":70},[52,116614,53351],{"class":66},[52,116616,116617,116619,116621,116623,116625,116627],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116618,115866],{"class":58},[52,116620,63],{"class":62},[52,116622,12277],{"class":58},[52,116624,89],{"class":66},[52,116626,13028],{"class":92},[52,116628,8764],{"class":66},[52,116630,116631],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116632,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116634,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116646,116648],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116636,119],{"class":118},[52,116638,122],{"class":66},[52,116640,12202],{"class":92},[52,116642,12310],{"class":3996},[52,116644,116645],{"class":92}," shallow",[52,116647,3782],{"class":66},[52,116649,21311],{"class":133},[52,116651,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,116653,119],{"class":118},[52,116655,122],{"class":66},[52,116657,12249],{"class":92},[52,116659,4020],{"class":66},[52,116661,2243],{"class":70},[52,116663,13388],{"class":66},[52,116665,8216],{"class":3996},[52,116667,116645],{"class":92},[52,116669,4020],{"class":66},[52,116671,2243],{"class":70},[52,116673,20557],{"class":66},[52,116675,3785],{"class":133},[1324,116677,116679],{"id":116678},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116681,116682],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[43,116684,116686],{"className":45,"code":116685,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116687,116688,116694,116698,116724,116742,116746,116764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116689,116690,116692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116691,35199],{"class":3996},[52,116693,115831],{"class":58},[52,116695,116696],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116697,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116699,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116701,12202],{"class":58},[52,116703,63],{"class":62},[52,116705,56403],{"class":66},[52,116707,71],{"class":70},[52,116709,74],{"class":66},[52,116711,77],{"class":70},[52,116713,385],{"class":66},[52,116715,3743],{"class":66},[52,116717,488],{"class":70},[52,116719,74],{"class":66},[52,116721,109],{"class":70},[52,116723,53351],{"class":66},[52,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116727,115886],{"class":58},[52,116729,63],{"class":62},[52,116731,115871],{"class":58},[52,116733,89],{"class":66},[52,116735,115895],{"class":92},[52,116737,122],{"class":66},[52,116739,12249],{"class":92},[52,116741,127],{"class":66},[52,116743,116744],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,116745,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116747,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116759,116761],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,116749,119],{"class":118},[52,116751,122],{"class":66},[52,116753,12202],{"class":92},[52,116755,12310],{"class":3996},[52,116757,116758],{"class":92}," deep",[52,116760,3782],{"class":66},[52,116762,116763],{"class":133},"         # False\n",[52,116765,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,116767,119],{"class":118},[52,116769,122],{"class":66},[52,116771,12249],{"class":92},[52,116773,4020],{"class":66},[52,116775,2243],{"class":70},[52,116777,13388],{"class":66},[52,116779,8216],{"class":3996},[52,116781,116758],{"class":92},[52,116783,4020],{"class":66},[52,116785,2243],{"class":70},[52,116787,20557],{"class":66},[52,116789,43981],{"class":133},[38,116791,116793],{"id":116792},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116795,116796,116797,152],{},"These all make ",[984,116798,116799],{},"shallow copies",[154,116801,116802,116806,116810,116815,116821],{},[157,116803,116804],{},[15,116805,55710],{},[157,116807,116808],{},[15,116809,12551],{},[157,116811,116812],{},[15,116813,116814],{},"set.copy()",[157,116816,116817,116818],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116819,116820],{},"my_list[:]",[157,116822,116823,116825,116826,35189],{},[15,116824,115973],{}," from the ",[15,116827,13028],{},[20,116829,2249],{},[43,116831,116833],{"className":45,"code":116832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116834,116835,116855,116859,116873,116884,116888,116900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116836,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116838,59],{"class":58},[52,116840,63],{"class":62},[52,116842,3743],{"class":66},[52,116844,71],{"class":70},[52,116846,74],{"class":66},[52,116848,77],{"class":70},[52,116850,74],{"class":66},[52,116852,104],{"class":70},[52,116854,3756],{"class":66},[52,116856,116857],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116858,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116860,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116862,1347],{"class":58},[52,116864,63],{"class":62},[52,116866,479],{"class":58},[52,116868,89],{"class":66},[52,116870,13028],{"class":92},[52,116872,8764],{"class":66},[52,116874,116875,116877,116879,116881],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116876,1364],{"class":58},[52,116878,63],{"class":62},[52,116880,479],{"class":58},[52,116882,116883],{"class":66},"[:]\n",[52,116885,116886],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,116887,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116889,116890,116892,116894,116896,116898],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,116891,119],{"class":118},[52,116893,122],{"class":66},[52,116895,30],{"class":92},[52,116897,3782],{"class":66},[52,116899,55041],{"class":133},[52,116901,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,116903,119],{"class":118},[52,116905,122],{"class":66},[52,116907,1393],{"class":92},[52,116909,3782],{"class":66},[52,116911,55041],{"class":133},[20,116913,73244,116914,47641,116918,89],{},[30,116915,116916,10859],{"href":55069},[15,116917,55710],{},[30,116919,116920,10859],{"href":12548},[15,116921,12551],{},[38,116923,116925],{"id":116924},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116927,116928],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[154,116930,116931,116934,116937],{},[157,116932,116933],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[157,116935,116936],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[157,116938,116939],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116941,116942],{},"Example with a flat list:",[43,116944,116946],{"className":45,"code":116945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116947,116948,116968,116982,116986,117000,117004,117016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116949,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116951,12202],{"class":58},[52,116953,63],{"class":62},[52,116955,3743],{"class":66},[52,116957,71],{"class":70},[52,116959,74],{"class":66},[52,116961,77],{"class":70},[52,116963,74],{"class":66},[52,116965,104],{"class":70},[52,116967,3756],{"class":66},[52,116969,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,116971,14426],{"class":58},[52,116973,63],{"class":62},[52,116975,12277],{"class":58},[52,116977,89],{"class":66},[52,116979,13028],{"class":92},[52,116981,8764],{"class":66},[52,116983,116984],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116985,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,116987,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996,116998],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,116989,14445],{"class":58},[52,116991,89],{"class":66},[52,116993,13668],{"class":92},[52,116995,122],{"class":66},[52,116997,391],{"class":70},[52,116999,127],{"class":66},[52,117001,117002],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,117003,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117005,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,117007,119],{"class":118},[52,117009,122],{"class":66},[52,117011,12249],{"class":92},[52,117013,3782],{"class":66},[52,117015,55041],{"class":133},[52,117017,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,117019,119],{"class":118},[52,117021,122],{"class":66},[52,117023,14445],{"class":92},[52,117025,3782],{"class":66},[52,117027,116497],{"class":133},[20,117029,117030],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117032,117033,117034,89],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[30,117035,15003],{"href":57328},[38,117037,117039],{"id":117038},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117041,117042],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[154,117044,117045,117048,117051],{},[157,117046,117047],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[157,117049,117050],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[157,117052,117053],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117055,117056],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[43,117058,117060],{"className":45,"code":117059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117061,117062,117068,117072,117098,117112,117130,117134,117156,117160,117173,117186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117063,117064,117066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117065,35199],{"class":3996},[52,117067,115831],{"class":58},[52,117069,117070],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117071,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117073,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117075,12202],{"class":58},[52,117077,63],{"class":62},[52,117079,67],{"class":66},[52,117081,189],{"class":188},[52,117083,16502],{"class":192},[52,117085,189],{"class":188},[52,117087,152],{"class":66},[52,117089,3743],{"class":66},[52,117091,2452],{"class":70},[52,117093,74],{"class":66},[52,117095,7908],{"class":70},[52,117097,13821],{"class":66},[52,117099,117100,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,117101,115866],{"class":58},[52,117103,63],{"class":62},[52,117105,12277],{"class":58},[52,117107,89],{"class":66},[52,117109,13028],{"class":92},[52,117111,8764],{"class":66},[52,117113,117114,117116,117118,117120,117122,117124,117126,117128],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,117115,115886],{"class":58},[52,117117,63],{"class":62},[52,117119,115871],{"class":58},[52,117121,89],{"class":66},[52,117123,115895],{"class":92},[52,117125,122],{"class":66},[52,117127,12249],{"class":92},[52,117129,127],{"class":66},[52,117131,117132],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,117133,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117135,117136,117138,117140,117142,117144,117146,117148,117150,117152,117154],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,117137,12249],{"class":58},[52,117139,4020],{"class":66},[52,117141,189],{"class":188},[52,117143,16502],{"class":192},[52,117145,189],{"class":188},[52,117147,13665],{"class":66},[52,117149,13668],{"class":92},[52,117151,122],{"class":66},[52,117153,36948],{"class":70},[52,117155,127],{"class":66},[52,117157,117158],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,117159,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117161,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,117163,119],{"class":118},[52,117165,122],{"class":66},[52,117167,12249],{"class":92},[52,117169,3782],{"class":66},[52,117171,117172],{"class":133},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117174,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183],{"class":54,"line":6555},[52,117176,119],{"class":118},[52,117178,122],{"class":66},[52,117180,115949],{"class":92},[52,117182,3782],{"class":66},[52,117184,117185],{"class":133},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117187,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196],{"class":54,"line":11712},[52,117189,119],{"class":118},[52,117191,122],{"class":66},[52,117193,115963],{"class":92},[52,117195,3782],{"class":66},[52,117197,117198],{"class":133},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117200,117201],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[38,117203,117205],{"id":117204},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117207,117208],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[154,117210,117211,117214,117217,117220],{},[157,117212,117213],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[157,117215,117216],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[157,117218,117219],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[157,117221,117222],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117224,117225],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[43,117227,117229],{"className":45,"code":117228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117230,117231,117239,117247,117251,117259,117263,117275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117232,117233,117235,117237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117234,1347],{"class":58},[52,117236,63],{"class":62},[52,117238,2704],{"class":70},[52,117240,117241,117243,117245],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117242,1364],{"class":58},[52,117244,63],{"class":62},[52,117246,36283],{"class":58},[52,117248,117249],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117250,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117252,117253,117255,117257],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,117254,1364],{"class":58},[52,117256,63],{"class":62},[52,117258,14729],{"class":70},[52,117260,117261],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,117262,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117264,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,117266,119],{"class":118},[52,117268,122],{"class":66},[52,117270,30],{"class":92},[52,117272,3782],{"class":66},[52,117274,26905],{"class":133},[52,117276,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,117278,119],{"class":118},[52,117280,122],{"class":66},[52,117282,1393],{"class":92},[52,117284,3782],{"class":66},[52,117286,27726],{"class":133},[20,117288,93611,117289,117292],{},[30,117290,117291],{"href":12181},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[38,117294,2948],{"id":2947},[20,117296,117297],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[154,117299,117300,117304,117309,117314,117317],{},[157,117301,8538,117302,56893],{},[15,117303,63],{},[157,117305,8538,117306,117308],{},[15,117307,55710],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[157,117310,8538,117311,117313],{},[15,117312,12551],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[157,117315,117316],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[157,117318,117319],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117321,117322],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[43,117324,117326],{"className":45,"code":117325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117327,117328,117342,117356,117378,117409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117329,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117331,119],{"class":118},[52,117333,122],{"class":66},[52,117335,12202],{"class":92},[52,117337,12310],{"class":3996},[52,117339,14499],{"class":92},[52,117341,127],{"class":66},[52,117343,117344,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117345,119],{"class":118},[52,117347,122],{"class":66},[52,117349,12202],{"class":92},[52,117351,4805],{"class":62},[52,117353,14499],{"class":92},[52,117355,127],{"class":66},[52,117357,117358,117360,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117359,119],{"class":118},[52,117361,122],{"class":66},[52,117363,12766],{"class":118},[52,117365,122],{"class":66},[52,117367,12249],{"class":92},[52,117369,399],{"class":66},[52,117371,14931],{"class":118},[52,117373,122],{"class":66},[52,117375,14445],{"class":92},[52,117377,2150],{"class":66},[52,117379,117380,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117397,117399,117401,117403,117405,117407],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,117381,119],{"class":118},[52,117383,122],{"class":66},[52,117385,12766],{"class":118},[52,117387,122],{"class":66},[52,117389,12249],{"class":92},[52,117391,4020],{"class":66},[52,117393,2243],{"class":70},[52,117395,117396],{"class":66},"]),",[52,117398,14931],{"class":118},[52,117400,122],{"class":66},[52,117402,14445],{"class":92},[52,117404,4020],{"class":66},[52,117406,2243],{"class":70},[52,117408,3117],{"class":66},[52,117410,117411,117413,117415,117417,117419,117421],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,117412,119],{"class":118},[52,117414,122],{"class":66},[52,117416,3340],{"class":3020},[52,117418,122],{"class":66},[52,117420,12249],{"class":92},[52,117422,2150],{"class":66},[20,117424,117425],{},"What they tell you:",[154,117427,117428,117433,117438,117443,117453],{},[157,117429,117430,117432],{},[15,117431,12310],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[157,117434,117435,117437],{},[15,117436,4805],{}," checks whether values are equal",[157,117439,117440,117442],{},[15,117441,43597],{}," shows the identity of an object",[157,117444,117445,117446,668,117449,117452],{},"comparing ",[15,117447,117448],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117450,117451],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[157,117454,117455,117457],{},[15,117456,2423],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[38,117459,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,117461,117463],{"id":117462},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117465,117466],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1324,117468,57378],{"id":57293},[20,117470,117471],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1324,117473,117475],{"id":117474},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117477,117478],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1324,117480,117482],{"id":117481},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117484,117485],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1324,117487,117489],{"id":117488},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117491,117492],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[38,117494,1996],{"id":1995},[154,117496,117497,117502,117508,117514,117518],{},[157,117498,117499],{},[30,117500,117501],{"href":12181},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[157,117503,117504],{},[30,117505,3697,117506,10859],{"href":55069},[15,117507,55710],{},[157,117509,117510],{},[30,117511,3697,117512,10859],{"href":12548},[15,117513,12551],{},[157,117515,117516],{},[30,117517,15079],{"href":57328},[157,117519,117520],{},[30,117521,117522],{"href":58602},"What is a list in Python?",[2044,117524,117525],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":117527},[117528,117529,117530,117531,117532,117533,117538,117539,117540,117541,117542,117543,117550],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":115983,"depth":83,"text":115984},{"id":116004,"depth":83,"text":116005},{"id":116247,"depth":83,"text":116248},{"id":116387,"depth":83,"text":116388},{"id":116503,"depth":83,"text":116504,"children":117534},[117535,117536,117537],{"id":116510,"depth":115,"text":116511},{"id":116579,"depth":115,"text":116580},{"id":116678,"depth":115,"text":116679},{"id":116792,"depth":83,"text":116793},{"id":116924,"depth":83,"text":116925},{"id":117038,"depth":83,"text":117039},{"id":117204,"depth":83,"text":117205},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":117544},[117545,117546,117547,117548,117549],{"id":117462,"depth":115,"text":117463},{"id":57293,"depth":115,"text":57378},{"id":117474,"depth":115,"text":117475},{"id":117481,"depth":115,"text":117482},{"id":117488,"depth":115,"text":117489},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115784,"description":117551},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117557,"title":117558,"body":117559,"description":119416,"extension":2083,"meta":119417,"navigation":240,"path":119418,"seo":119419,"stem":119420,"__hash__":119421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117560,"toc":119374},[117561,117566,117571,117579,117581,117649,117654,117659,117674,117677,117679,117710,117712,117732,117735,117750,117752,117755,117828,117830,117875,117877,117888,117893,117897,117902,117905,117944,117946,117966,117969,118026,118028,118063,118066,118105,118107,118127,118130,118161,118163,118219,118221,118226,118297,118299,118332,118337,118342,118407,118409,118446,118449,118526,118528,118588,118595,118600,118603,118606,118687,118689,118730,118735,118738,118816,118818,118851,118860,118867,118870,118881,118884,118895,118899,118907,118916,118920,118925,118929,118934,118977,118980,118986,118989,118991,119038,119043,119047,119050,119099,119101,119122,119125,119127,119152,119155,119276,119281,119283,119288,119291,119296,119299,119307,119312,119319,119322,119330,119333,119335,119371],[10,117562,3697,117564,3701],{"id":117563},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117565,74528],{},[20,117567,117568,117570],{},[15,117569,74528],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117572,117573,117574,2311,117576,117578],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117575,77971],{},[15,117577,74528],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[38,117580,41],{"id":40},[43,117582,117584],{"className":45,"code":117583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117585,117586,117606,117620,117624,117636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117587,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117589,59],{"class":58},[52,117591,63],{"class":62},[52,117593,3743],{"class":66},[52,117595,488],{"class":70},[52,117597,74],{"class":66},[52,117599,5616],{"class":70},[52,117601,74],{"class":66},[52,117603,77],{"class":70},[52,117605,3756],{"class":66},[52,117607,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616,117618],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117609,474],{"class":58},[52,117611,63],{"class":62},[52,117613,74662],{"class":118},[52,117615,122],{"class":66},[52,117617,86],{"class":92},[52,117619,127],{"class":66},[52,117621,117622],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117623,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117625,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,117627,119],{"class":118},[52,117629,122],{"class":66},[52,117631,507],{"class":92},[52,117633,3782],{"class":66},[52,117635,55797],{"class":133},[52,117637,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,117639,119],{"class":118},[52,117641,122],{"class":66},[52,117643,86],{"class":92},[52,117645,3782],{"class":66},[52,117647,117648],{"class":133},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117650,117651,117653],{},[15,117652,74528],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[38,117655,144,117657,147],{"id":117656},"what-sorted-does",[15,117658,74528],{},[154,117660,117661,117665,117668,117671],{},[157,117662,117663,63031],{},[15,117664,74528],{},[157,117666,117667],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[157,117669,117670],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[157,117672,117673],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117675,117676],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[38,117678,268],{"id":267},[43,117680,117682],{"className":45,"code":117681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117683,117684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117685,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117687,74618],{"class":118},[52,117689,122],{"class":66},[52,117691,290],{"class":92},[52,117693,74],{"class":66},[52,117695,21690],{"class":9298},[52,117697,63],{"class":62},[52,117699,445],{"class":3971},[52,117701,74],{"class":66},[52,117703,78174],{"class":9298},[52,117705,63],{"class":62},[52,117707,3795],{"class":3971},[52,117709,127],{"class":66},[1324,117711,17509],{"id":17508},[154,117713,117714,117719,117724],{},[157,117715,117716,117718],{},[15,117717,290],{},": the values to sort",[157,117720,117721,117723],{},[15,117722,14956],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[157,117725,117726,117728,117729,117731],{},[15,117727,73681],{},": set to ",[15,117730,3726],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117733,117734],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[43,117736,117738],{"className":45,"code":117737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117739,117740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117741,117742,117744,117746,117748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117743,74618],{"class":118},[52,117745,122],{"class":66},[52,117747,60416],{"class":92},[52,117749,127],{"class":66},[38,117751,11592],{"id":11591},[20,117753,117754],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[43,117756,117758],{"className":45,"code":117757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117759,117760,117784,117788,117803,117807,117818],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117761,117762,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117763,59],{"class":58},[52,117765,63],{"class":62},[52,117767,3743],{"class":66},[52,117769,1705],{"class":70},[52,117771,74],{"class":66},[52,117773,77],{"class":70},[52,117775,74],{"class":66},[52,117777,6480],{"class":70},[52,117779,74],{"class":66},[52,117781,5616],{"class":70},[52,117783,3756],{"class":66},[52,117785,117786],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117787,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117789,117790,117793,117795,117797,117799,117801],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117791,117792],{"class":58},"sorted_numbers ",[52,117794,63],{"class":62},[52,117796,74662],{"class":118},[52,117798,122],{"class":66},[52,117800,86],{"class":92},[52,117802,127],{"class":66},[52,117804,117805],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,117806,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,117808,117809,117811,117813,117816],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,117810,119],{"class":118},[52,117812,122],{"class":66},[52,117814,117815],{"class":92},"sorted_numbers",[52,117817,127],{"class":66},[52,117819,117820,117822,117824,117826],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,117821,119],{"class":118},[52,117823,122],{"class":66},[52,117825,86],{"class":92},[52,117827,127],{"class":66},[20,117829,2193],{},[43,117831,117833],{"className":45,"code":117832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117834,117835,117855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117836,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117838,4020],{"class":66},[52,117840,71],{"class":70},[52,117842,74],{"class":66},[52,117844,77],{"class":70},[52,117846,74],{"class":66},[52,117848,396],{"class":70},[52,117850,74],{"class":66},[52,117852,6480],{"class":70},[52,117854,3756],{"class":66},[52,117856,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117858,4020],{"class":66},[52,117860,1705],{"class":70},[52,117862,74],{"class":66},[52,117864,77],{"class":70},[52,117866,74],{"class":66},[52,117868,6480],{"class":70},[52,117870,74],{"class":66},[52,117872,5616],{"class":70},[52,117874,3756],{"class":66},[20,117876,13878],{},[154,117878,117879,117884],{},[157,117880,117881,117883],{},[15,117882,117815],{}," is a new sorted list",[157,117885,117886,112558],{},[15,117887,86],{},[20,117889,117890,117891,89],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[30,117892,78481],{"href":78480},[38,117894,117896],{"id":117895},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117898,117899,117901],{},[15,117900,74528],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1324,117903,117904],{"id":8213},"List",[43,117906,117908],{"className":45,"code":117907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117909,117910,117930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117911,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117913,59],{"class":58},[52,117915,63],{"class":62},[52,117917,3743],{"class":66},[52,117919,488],{"class":70},[52,117921,74],{"class":66},[52,117923,5616],{"class":70},[52,117925,74],{"class":66},[52,117927,77],{"class":70},[52,117929,3756],{"class":66},[52,117931,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117933,119],{"class":118},[52,117935,122],{"class":66},[52,117937,74618],{"class":118},[52,117939,122],{"class":66},[52,117941,86],{"class":92},[52,117943,2150],{"class":66},[20,117945,2193],{},[43,117947,117948],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,117949,117950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117951,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117953,4020],{"class":66},[52,117955,71],{"class":70},[52,117957,74],{"class":66},[52,117959,77],{"class":70},[52,117961,74],{"class":66},[52,117963,104],{"class":70},[52,117965,3756],{"class":66},[1324,117967,117968],{"id":49061},"Tuple",[43,117970,117972],{"className":45,"code":117971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117973,117974,117994,118008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117975,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117977,357],{"class":58},[52,117979,63],{"class":62},[52,117981,388],{"class":66},[52,117983,488],{"class":70},[52,117985,74],{"class":66},[52,117987,5616],{"class":70},[52,117989,74],{"class":66},[52,117991,77],{"class":70},[52,117993,127],{"class":66},[52,117995,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,117997,119],{"class":118},[52,117999,122],{"class":66},[52,118001,74618],{"class":118},[52,118003,122],{"class":66},[52,118005,370],{"class":92},[52,118007,2150],{"class":66},[52,118009,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118011,119],{"class":118},[52,118013,122],{"class":66},[52,118015,3340],{"class":3020},[52,118017,122],{"class":66},[52,118019,74618],{"class":118},[52,118021,122],{"class":66},[52,118023,370],{"class":92},[52,118025,3031],{"class":66},[20,118027,2193],{},[43,118029,118031],{"className":45,"code":118030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118032,118033,118049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118034,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118036,4020],{"class":66},[52,118038,71],{"class":70},[52,118040,74],{"class":66},[52,118042,77],{"class":70},[52,118044,74],{"class":66},[52,118046,104],{"class":70},[52,118048,3756],{"class":66},[52,118050,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118052,3409],{"class":62},[52,118054,3412],{"class":2187},[52,118056,3415],{"class":188},[52,118058,8213],{"class":192},[52,118060,3420],{"class":188},[52,118062,3423],{"class":62},[1324,118064,118065],{"id":6407},"Set",[43,118067,118069],{"className":45,"code":118068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118070,118071,118091],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118072,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118074,357],{"class":58},[52,118076,63],{"class":62},[52,118078,67],{"class":66},[52,118080,488],{"class":70},[52,118082,74],{"class":66},[52,118084,5616],{"class":70},[52,118086,74],{"class":66},[52,118088,77],{"class":70},[52,118090,80],{"class":66},[52,118092,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118094,119],{"class":118},[52,118096,122],{"class":66},[52,118098,74618],{"class":118},[52,118100,122],{"class":66},[52,118102,370],{"class":92},[52,118104,2150],{"class":66},[20,118106,2193],{},[43,118108,118109],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118110,118111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118112,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118114,4020],{"class":66},[52,118116,71],{"class":70},[52,118118,74],{"class":66},[52,118120,77],{"class":70},[52,118122,74],{"class":66},[52,118124,104],{"class":70},[52,118126,3756],{"class":66},[1324,118128,118129],{"id":61283},"String",[43,118131,118133],{"className":45,"code":118132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118134,118135,118147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118136,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118138,34795],{"class":58},[52,118140,63],{"class":62},[52,118142,200],{"class":188},[52,118144,47],{"class":192},[52,118146,3479],{"class":188},[52,118148,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118150,119],{"class":118},[52,118152,122],{"class":66},[52,118154,74618],{"class":118},[52,118156,122],{"class":66},[52,118158,34816],{"class":92},[52,118160,2150],{"class":66},[20,118162,2193],{},[43,118164,118165],{"className":45,"code":79498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118166,118167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118168,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118170,4020],{"class":66},[52,118172,3420],{"class":188},[52,118174,60547],{"class":192},[52,118176,3420],{"class":188},[52,118178,74],{"class":66},[52,118180,3415],{"class":188},[52,118182,76134],{"class":192},[52,118184,3420],{"class":188},[52,118186,74],{"class":66},[52,118188,3415],{"class":188},[52,118190,60582],{"class":192},[52,118192,3420],{"class":188},[52,118194,74],{"class":66},[52,118196,3415],{"class":188},[52,118198,20],{"class":192},[52,118200,3420],{"class":188},[52,118202,74],{"class":66},[52,118204,3415],{"class":188},[52,118206,63392],{"class":192},[52,118208,3420],{"class":188},[52,118210,74],{"class":66},[52,118212,3415],{"class":188},[52,118214,11861],{"class":192},[52,118216,3420],{"class":188},[52,118218,3756],{"class":66},[1324,118220,29333],{"id":15719},[20,118222,63645,118223,118225],{},[15,118224,74528],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[43,118227,118229],{"className":45,"code":118228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118230,118231,118283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118232,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118234,13319],{"class":58},[52,118236,63],{"class":62},[52,118238,67],{"class":66},[52,118240,189],{"class":188},[52,118242,7786],{"class":192},[52,118244,189],{"class":188},[52,118246,152],{"class":66},[52,118248,200],{"class":188},[52,118250,12997],{"class":192},[52,118252,189],{"class":188},[52,118254,74],{"class":66},[52,118256,200],{"class":188},[52,118258,9420],{"class":192},[52,118260,189],{"class":188},[52,118262,152],{"class":66},[52,118264,7908],{"class":70},[52,118266,74],{"class":66},[52,118268,200],{"class":188},[52,118270,10528],{"class":192},[52,118272,189],{"class":188},[52,118274,152],{"class":66},[52,118276,200],{"class":188},[52,118278,16144],{"class":192},[52,118280,189],{"class":188},[52,118282,80],{"class":66},[52,118284,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118286,119],{"class":118},[52,118288,122],{"class":66},[52,118290,74618],{"class":118},[52,118292,122],{"class":66},[52,118294,17421],{"class":92},[52,118296,2150],{"class":66},[20,118298,2193],{},[43,118300,118302],{"className":45,"code":118301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118303,118304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118305,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118307,4020],{"class":66},[52,118309,3420],{"class":188},[52,118311,9420],{"class":192},[52,118313,3420],{"class":188},[52,118315,74],{"class":66},[52,118317,3415],{"class":188},[52,118319,10528],{"class":192},[52,118321,3420],{"class":188},[52,118323,74],{"class":66},[52,118325,3415],{"class":188},[52,118327,7786],{"class":192},[52,118329,3420],{"class":188},[52,118331,3756],{"class":66},[38,118333,8538,118335],{"id":118334},"using-reversetrue",[15,118336,78195],{},[20,118338,137,118339,118341],{},[15,118340,78195],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[43,118343,118345],{"className":45,"code":118344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118346,118347,118367,118371,118385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118348,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118350,59],{"class":58},[52,118352,63],{"class":62},[52,118354,3743],{"class":66},[52,118356,488],{"class":70},[52,118358,74],{"class":66},[52,118360,5616],{"class":70},[52,118362,74],{"class":66},[52,118364,77],{"class":70},[52,118366,3756],{"class":66},[52,118368,118369],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118370,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,118372,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118374,119],{"class":118},[52,118376,122],{"class":66},[52,118378,74618],{"class":118},[52,118380,122],{"class":66},[52,118382,86],{"class":92},[52,118384,2150],{"class":66},[52,118386,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,118388,119],{"class":118},[52,118390,122],{"class":66},[52,118392,74618],{"class":118},[52,118394,122],{"class":66},[52,118396,86],{"class":92},[52,118398,74],{"class":66},[52,118400,78174],{"class":9298},[52,118402,63],{"class":62},[52,118404,3726],{"class":3971},[52,118406,2150],{"class":66},[20,118408,2193],{},[43,118410,118412],{"className":45,"code":118411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118413,118414,118430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118415,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118417,4020],{"class":66},[52,118419,71],{"class":70},[52,118421,74],{"class":66},[52,118423,77],{"class":70},[52,118425,74],{"class":66},[52,118427,104],{"class":70},[52,118429,3756],{"class":66},[52,118431,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118433,4020],{"class":66},[52,118435,488],{"class":70},[52,118437,74],{"class":66},[52,118439,77],{"class":70},[52,118441,74],{"class":66},[52,118443,5616],{"class":70},[52,118445,3756],{"class":66},[20,118447,118448],{},"This also works with strings:",[43,118450,118452],{"className":45,"code":118451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118453,118454,118486,118490,118504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118455,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118457,1025],{"class":58},[52,118459,63],{"class":62},[52,118461,3743],{"class":66},[52,118463,189],{"class":188},[52,118465,1125],{"class":192},[52,118467,189],{"class":188},[52,118469,74],{"class":66},[52,118471,200],{"class":188},[52,118473,1145],{"class":192},[52,118475,189],{"class":188},[52,118477,74],{"class":66},[52,118479,200],{"class":188},[52,118481,4215],{"class":192},[52,118483,189],{"class":188},[52,118485,3756],{"class":66},[52,118487,118488],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118489,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,118491,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118493,119],{"class":118},[52,118495,122],{"class":66},[52,118497,74618],{"class":118},[52,118499,122],{"class":66},[52,118501,1043],{"class":92},[52,118503,2150],{"class":66},[52,118505,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,118507,119],{"class":118},[52,118509,122],{"class":66},[52,118511,74618],{"class":118},[52,118513,122],{"class":66},[52,118515,1043],{"class":92},[52,118517,74],{"class":66},[52,118519,78174],{"class":9298},[52,118521,63],{"class":62},[52,118523,3726],{"class":3971},[52,118525,2150],{"class":66},[20,118527,2193],{},[43,118529,118530],{"className":45,"code":74262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118531,118532,118560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118533,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118535,4020],{"class":66},[52,118537,3420],{"class":188},[52,118539,1125],{"class":192},[52,118541,3420],{"class":188},[52,118543,74],{"class":66},[52,118545,3415],{"class":188},[52,118547,1145],{"class":192},[52,118549,3420],{"class":188},[52,118551,74],{"class":66},[52,118553,3415],{"class":188},[52,118555,4215],{"class":192},[52,118557,3420],{"class":188},[52,118559,3756],{"class":66},[52,118561,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118563,4020],{"class":66},[52,118565,3420],{"class":188},[52,118567,4215],{"class":192},[52,118569,3420],{"class":188},[52,118571,74],{"class":66},[52,118573,3415],{"class":188},[52,118575,1145],{"class":192},[52,118577,3420],{"class":188},[52,118579,74],{"class":66},[52,118581,3415],{"class":188},[52,118583,1125],{"class":192},[52,118585,3420],{"class":188},[52,118587,3756],{"class":66},[38,118589,8538,118591,118594],{"id":118590},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118592,118593],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118596,2100,118597,118599],{},[15,118598,118593],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118601,118602],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118604,118605],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[43,118607,118609],{"className":45,"code":118608,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118610,118611,118651,118655,118677],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118612,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118614,1025],{"class":58},[52,118616,63],{"class":62},[52,118618,3743],{"class":66},[52,118620,189],{"class":188},[52,118622,78848],{"class":192},[52,118624,189],{"class":188},[52,118626,74],{"class":66},[52,118628,200],{"class":188},[52,118630,38464],{"class":192},[52,118632,189],{"class":188},[52,118634,74],{"class":66},[52,118636,200],{"class":188},[52,118638,1145],{"class":192},[52,118640,189],{"class":188},[52,118642,74],{"class":66},[52,118644,200],{"class":188},[52,118646,1278],{"class":192},[52,118648,189],{"class":188},[52,118650,3756],{"class":66},[52,118652,118653],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118654,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118658,474],{"class":58},[52,118660,63],{"class":62},[52,118662,74662],{"class":118},[52,118664,122],{"class":66},[52,118666,1043],{"class":92},[52,118668,74],{"class":66},[52,118670,21690],{"class":9298},[52,118672,63],{"class":62},[52,118674,11279],{"class":118},[52,118676,127],{"class":66},[52,118678,118679,118681,118683,118685],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,118680,119],{"class":118},[52,118682,122],{"class":66},[52,118684,507],{"class":92},[52,118686,127],{"class":66},[20,118688,2193],{},[43,118690,118692],{"className":45,"code":118691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118693,118694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118695,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118697,4020],{"class":66},[52,118699,3420],{"class":188},[52,118701,38464],{"class":192},[52,118703,3420],{"class":188},[52,118705,74],{"class":66},[52,118707,3415],{"class":188},[52,118709,78848],{"class":192},[52,118711,3420],{"class":188},[52,118713,74],{"class":66},[52,118715,3415],{"class":188},[52,118717,1278],{"class":192},[52,118719,3420],{"class":188},[52,118721,74],{"class":66},[52,118723,3415],{"class":188},[52,118725,1145],{"class":192},[52,118727,3420],{"class":188},[52,118729,3756],{"class":66},[20,118731,20882,118732,118734],{},[15,118733,11279],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118736,118737],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[43,118739,118741],{"className":45,"code":118740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118742,118743,118776,118780,118806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118744,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118772,118774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118746,1025],{"class":58},[52,118748,63],{"class":62},[52,118750,3743],{"class":66},[52,118752,189],{"class":188},[52,118754,83463],{"class":192},[52,118756,189],{"class":188},[52,118758,74],{"class":66},[52,118760,200],{"class":188},[52,118762,1125],{"class":192},[52,118764,189],{"class":188},[52,118766,74],{"class":66},[52,118768,200],{"class":188},[52,118770,118771],{"class":192},"Cherry",[52,118773,189],{"class":188},[52,118775,3756],{"class":66},[52,118777,118778],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118779,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,118781,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118783,474],{"class":58},[52,118785,63],{"class":62},[52,118787,74662],{"class":118},[52,118789,122],{"class":66},[52,118791,1043],{"class":92},[52,118793,74],{"class":66},[52,118795,21690],{"class":9298},[52,118797,63],{"class":62},[52,118799,3564],{"class":3020},[52,118801,89],{"class":66},[52,118803,8761],{"class":24860},[52,118805,127],{"class":66},[52,118807,118808,118810,118812,118814],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,118809,119],{"class":118},[52,118811,122],{"class":66},[52,118813,507],{"class":92},[52,118815,127],{"class":66},[20,118817,2193],{},[43,118819,118821],{"className":45,"code":118820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118822,118823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118824,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118826,4020],{"class":66},[52,118828,3420],{"class":188},[52,118830,1125],{"class":192},[52,118832,3420],{"class":188},[52,118834,74],{"class":66},[52,118836,3415],{"class":188},[52,118838,83463],{"class":192},[52,118840,3420],{"class":188},[52,118842,74],{"class":66},[52,118844,3415],{"class":188},[52,118846,118771],{"class":192},[52,118848,3420],{"class":188},[52,118850,3756],{"class":66},[20,118852,118853,118854,35438,118856,89],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118855,42469],{},[30,118857,3697,118858,3630],{"href":42466},[15,118859,42469],{},[38,118861,118863,1083,118865],{"id":118862},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118864,74528],{},[15,118866,77971],{},[20,118868,118869],{},"The main difference is this:",[154,118871,118872,118877],{},[157,118873,118874,118876],{},[15,118875,74528],{}," returns a new list",[157,118878,118879,74066],{},[15,118880,77971],{},[20,118882,118883],{},"Also:",[154,118885,118886,118891],{},[157,118887,118888,118890],{},[15,118889,74528],{}," works with many iterables",[157,118892,118893,79404],{},[15,118894,77971],{},[20,118896,137,118897,10719],{},[15,118898,74528],{},[154,118900,118901,118904],{},[157,118902,118903],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[157,118905,118906],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118908,118909,118910,89],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[30,118911,3697,118912,1083,118914,5902],{"href":79229},[15,118913,74528],{},[15,118915,77971],{},[38,118917,118919],{"id":118918},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118921,118922,118923,89],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118924,74528],{},[1324,118926,118928],{"id":118927},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118930,118931,118932,152],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118933,1713],{},[43,118935,118937],{"className":45,"code":118936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118938,118939,118963],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118940,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118942,357],{"class":58},[52,118944,63],{"class":62},[52,118946,3743],{"class":66},[52,118948,71],{"class":70},[52,118950,74],{"class":66},[52,118952,200],{"class":188},[52,118954,99],{"class":192},[52,118956,189],{"class":188},[52,118958,74],{"class":66},[52,118960,104],{"class":70},[52,118962,3756],{"class":66},[52,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,118966,119],{"class":118},[52,118968,122],{"class":66},[52,118970,74618],{"class":118},[52,118972,122],{"class":66},[52,118974,370],{"class":92},[52,118976,2150],{"class":66},[20,118978,118979],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1324,118981,118983,118984,2424],{"id":118982},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118985,14956],{},[20,118987,118988],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118990,347],{},[43,118992,118994],{"className":45,"code":118993,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118995,118996,119016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118997,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118999,59],{"class":58},[52,119001,63],{"class":62},[52,119003,3743],{"class":66},[52,119005,2452],{"class":70},[52,119007,74],{"class":66},[52,119009,77],{"class":70},[52,119011,74],{"class":66},[52,119013,7913],{"class":70},[52,119015,3756],{"class":66},[52,119017,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119019,119],{"class":118},[52,119021,122],{"class":66},[52,119023,74618],{"class":118},[52,119025,122],{"class":66},[52,119027,86],{"class":92},[52,119029,74],{"class":66},[52,119031,21690],{"class":9298},[52,119033,63],{"class":62},[52,119035,11279],{"class":118},[52,119037,2150],{"class":66},[20,119039,48618,119040,119042],{},[15,119041,42469],{}," does not work on integers.",[1324,119044,119046],{"id":119045},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119048,119049],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,119051,119053],{"className":45,"code":119052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119054,119055,119075,119085,119089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119056,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119058,59],{"class":58},[52,119060,63],{"class":62},[52,119062,3743],{"class":66},[52,119064,488],{"class":70},[52,119066,74],{"class":66},[52,119068,5616],{"class":70},[52,119070,74],{"class":66},[52,119072,77],{"class":70},[52,119074,3756],{"class":66},[52,119076,119077,119079,119081,119083],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119078,74618],{"class":118},[52,119080,122],{"class":66},[52,119082,86],{"class":92},[52,119084,127],{"class":66},[52,119086,119087],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119088,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,119090,119091,119093,119095,119097],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,119092,119],{"class":118},[52,119094,122],{"class":66},[52,119096,86],{"class":92},[52,119098,127],{"class":66},[20,119100,2193],{},[43,119102,119104],{"className":45,"code":119103,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119105,119106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119107,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119109,4020],{"class":66},[52,119111,488],{"class":70},[52,119113,74],{"class":66},[52,119115,5616],{"class":70},[52,119117,74],{"class":66},[52,119119,77],{"class":70},[52,119121,3756],{"class":66},[20,119123,119124],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[38,119126,2948],{"id":2947},[154,119128,119129,119133,119136,119141,119145],{},[157,119130,4697,119131,74066],{},[15,119132,74528],{},[157,119134,119135],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[157,119137,4821,119138,119140],{},[15,119139,74528],{}," always returns a list",[157,119142,8538,119143,23213],{},[15,119144,118593],{},[157,119146,29760,119147,119149,119150],{},[15,119148,64417],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119151,74528],{},[20,119153,119154],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[43,119156,119158],{"className":45,"code":119157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119159,119160,119182,119208,119246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119161,119162,119164,119166,119168,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119163,119],{"class":118},[52,119165,122],{"class":66},[52,119167,74618],{"class":118},[52,119169,96],{"class":66},[52,119171,488],{"class":70},[52,119173,74],{"class":66},[52,119175,5616],{"class":70},[52,119177,74],{"class":66},[52,119179,77],{"class":70},[52,119181,3117],{"class":66},[52,119183,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119185,119],{"class":118},[52,119187,122],{"class":66},[52,119189,3340],{"class":3020},[52,119191,122],{"class":66},[52,119193,74618],{"class":118},[52,119195,5629],{"class":66},[52,119197,488],{"class":70},[52,119199,74],{"class":66},[52,119201,5616],{"class":70},[52,119203,74],{"class":66},[52,119205,77],{"class":70},[52,119207,93467],{"class":66},[52,119209,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119211,119],{"class":118},[52,119213,122],{"class":66},[52,119215,74618],{"class":118},[52,119217,96],{"class":66},[52,119219,3420],{"class":188},[52,119221,83463],{"class":192},[52,119223,3420],{"class":188},[52,119225,74],{"class":66},[52,119227,3415],{"class":188},[52,119229,1125],{"class":192},[52,119231,3420],{"class":188},[52,119233,385],{"class":66},[52,119235,21690],{"class":9298},[52,119237,63],{"class":62},[52,119239,3564],{"class":3020},[52,119241,89],{"class":66},[52,119243,8761],{"class":24860},[52,119245,2150],{"class":66},[52,119247,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,119249,119],{"class":118},[52,119251,122],{"class":66},[52,119253,74618],{"class":118},[52,119255,96],{"class":66},[52,119257,488],{"class":70},[52,119259,74],{"class":66},[52,119261,5616],{"class":70},[52,119263,74],{"class":66},[52,119265,77],{"class":70},[52,119267,385],{"class":66},[52,119269,78174],{"class":9298},[52,119271,63],{"class":62},[52,119273,3726],{"class":3971},[52,119275,2150],{"class":66},[20,119277,119278,119279,89],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[30,119280,52880],{"href":51088},[38,119282,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,119284,1937,119286,57272],{"id":119285},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119287,74528],{},[20,119289,119290],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1324,119292,5260,119294,12832],{"id":119293},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119295,74528],{},[20,119297,119298],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1324,119300,119302,119303,1990,119305,1964],{"id":119301},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119304,74528],{},[15,119306,77971],{},[20,119308,137,119309,119311],{},[15,119310,74528],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1324,119313,5260,119315,86551,119317,1964],{"id":119314},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119316,118593],{},[15,119318,74528],{},[20,119320,119321],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1324,119323,5276,119325,119327,119328,1964],{"id":119324},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119326,74528],{}," give a ",[15,119329,1713],{},[20,119331,119332],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[38,119334,1996],{"id":1995},[154,119336,119337,119341,119349,119353,119359,119365],{},[157,119338,119339],{},[30,119340,79977],{"href":78480},[157,119342,119343],{},[30,119344,3697,119345,1083,119347,5902],{"href":79229},[15,119346,74528],{},[15,119348,77971],{},[157,119350,119351],{},[30,119352,52880],{"href":51088},[157,119354,119355],{},[30,119356,3697,119357,3630],{"href":42466},[15,119358,42469],{},[157,119360,119361],{},[30,119362,3697,119363,3630],{"href":92123},[15,119364,35858],{},[157,119366,119367],{},[30,119368,3697,119369,3630],{"href":36303},[15,119370,36306],{},[2044,119372,119373],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":119375},[119376,119377,119379,119382,119383,119390,119392,119394,119396,119402,119403,119415],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":117656,"depth":83,"text":119378},"What sorted() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":119380},[119381],{"id":17508,"depth":115,"text":17509},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":117895,"depth":83,"text":117896,"children":119384},[119385,119386,119387,119388,119389],{"id":8213,"depth":115,"text":117904},{"id":49061,"depth":115,"text":117968},{"id":6407,"depth":115,"text":118065},{"id":61283,"depth":115,"text":118129},{"id":15719,"depth":115,"text":29333},{"id":118334,"depth":83,"text":119391},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118590,"depth":83,"text":119393},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118862,"depth":83,"text":119395},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118918,"depth":83,"text":118919,"children":119397},[119398,119399,119401],{"id":118927,"depth":115,"text":118928},{"id":118982,"depth":115,"text":119400},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119045,"depth":115,"text":119046},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":119404},[119405,119407,119409,119411,119413],{"id":119285,"depth":115,"text":119406},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119293,"depth":115,"text":119408},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119301,"depth":115,"text":119410},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119314,"depth":115,"text":119412},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119324,"depth":115,"text":119414},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117558,"description":119416},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119423,"title":119424,"body":119425,"description":121536,"extension":2083,"meta":121537,"navigation":240,"path":79229,"seo":121538,"stem":121539,"__hash__":121540},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119426,"toc":121483},[119427,119434,119437,119447,119453,119456,119474,119482,119484,119543,119551,119555,119577,119581,119585,119587,119604,119606,119618,119624,119708,119712,119759,119765,119772,119776,119781,119783,119795,119800,119853,119857,119877,119884,119891,119895,119898,119917,119921,120035,120039,120109,120111,120123,120128,120132,120145,120149,120224,120228,120267,120274,120280,120285,120289,120303,120307,120372,120376,120409,120412,120417,120425,120432,120445,120448,120452,120535,120539,120576,120580,120683,120687,120748,120753,120760,120764,120767,120773,120776,120843,120847,120871,120873,120891,120898,120951,120955,120975,120981,120983,121040,121047,121073,121078,121083,121091,121097,121157,121161,121208,121211,121213,121216,121242,121245,121338,121340,121360,121364,121367,121385,121391,121393,121401,121406,121413,121416,121422,121425,121431,121439,121447,121452,121454,121480],[10,119428,3697,119430,1083,119432,93181],{"id":119429},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119431,74528],{},[15,119433,77971],{},[20,119435,119436],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[154,119438,119439,119443],{},[157,119440,119441],{},[15,119442,74528],{},[157,119444,119445],{},[15,119446,77971],{},[20,119448,119449,119450,119452],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[984,119451,986],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119454,119455],{},"The main difference is simple:",[154,119457,119458,119466],{},[157,119459,137,119460,119462,119463],{},[15,119461,74528],{}," when you want a ",[984,119464,119465],{},"new sorted result",[157,119467,137,119468,119470,119471],{},[15,119469,77971],{}," when you want to ",[984,119472,119473],{},"change the original list",[20,119475,119476,119477,442,119479,119481],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119478,77971],{},[15,119480,445],{}," and causes confusion.",[38,119483,41],{"id":40},[43,119485,119487],{"className":45,"code":119486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119488,119489,119509,119513,119530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119490,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119492,59],{"class":58},[52,119494,63],{"class":62},[52,119496,3743],{"class":66},[52,119498,488],{"class":70},[52,119500,74],{"class":66},[52,119502,5616],{"class":70},[52,119504,74],{"class":66},[52,119506,77],{"class":70},[52,119508,3756],{"class":66},[52,119510,119511],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119512,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,119514,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119516,55999],{"class":58},[52,119518,63],{"class":62},[52,119520,74662],{"class":118},[52,119522,122],{"class":66},[52,119524,86],{"class":92},[52,119526,3782],{"class":66},[52,119528,119529],{"class":133},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[52,119531,119532,119534,119536,119538,119540],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,119533,86],{"class":58},[52,119535,89],{"class":66},[52,119537,34907],{"class":92},[52,119539,7483],{"class":66},[52,119541,119542],{"class":133},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119544,137,119545,119547,119548,119550],{},[15,119546,74528],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119549,77971],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[38,119552,119554],{"id":119553},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[154,119556,119557,119562,119567,119574],{},[157,119558,137,119559,119561],{},[15,119560,74528],{}," to get a new sorted list",[157,119563,137,119564,119566],{},[15,119565,77971],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[157,119568,119569,119570,442,119572],{},"Understand why ",[15,119571,77971],{},[15,119573,445],{},[157,119575,119576],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[38,119578,144,119579,147],{"id":117656},[15,119580,74528],{},[20,119582,119583,63031],{},[15,119584,74528],{},[20,119586,49035],{},[154,119588,119589,119595,119601],{},[157,119590,119591,119592],{},"returns a ",[984,119593,119594],{},"new list",[157,119596,119597,119598,119600],{},"does ",[984,119599,986],{}," change the original data",[157,119602,119603],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119605,51242],{},[154,119607,119608,119610,119612,119614,119616],{},[157,119609,5418],{},[157,119611,5421],{},[157,119613,5427],{},[157,119615,5424],{},[157,119617,36019],{},[1324,119619,35186,119621,119623],{"id":119620},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119622,74528],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[43,119625,119627],{"className":45,"code":119626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119628,119629,119649,119653,119667,119671,119689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119630,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119632,59],{"class":58},[52,119634,63],{"class":62},[52,119636,3743],{"class":66},[52,119638,488],{"class":70},[52,119640,74],{"class":66},[52,119642,5616],{"class":70},[52,119644,74],{"class":66},[52,119646,77],{"class":70},[52,119648,3756],{"class":66},[52,119650,119651],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119652,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,119654,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119656,474],{"class":58},[52,119658,63],{"class":62},[52,119660,74662],{"class":118},[52,119662,122],{"class":66},[52,119664,86],{"class":92},[52,119666,127],{"class":66},[52,119668,119669],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,119670,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,119672,119673,119675,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,119674,119],{"class":118},[52,119676,122],{"class":66},[52,119678,189],{"class":188},[52,119680,12270],{"class":192},[52,119682,189],{"class":188},[52,119684,74],{"class":66},[52,119686,479],{"class":92},[52,119688,127],{"class":66},[52,119690,119691,119693,119695,119697,119700,119702,119704,119706],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,119692,119],{"class":118},[52,119694,122],{"class":66},[52,119696,189],{"class":188},[52,119698,119699],{"class":192},"sorted result:",[52,119701,189],{"class":188},[52,119703,74],{"class":66},[52,119705,81319],{"class":92},[52,119707,127],{"class":66},[20,119709,119710],{},[984,119711,2193],{},[43,119713,119715],{"className":45,"code":119714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119716,119717,119737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119718,119719,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119720,12249],{"class":58},[52,119722,152],{"class":66},[52,119724,3743],{"class":66},[52,119726,488],{"class":70},[52,119728,74],{"class":66},[52,119730,5616],{"class":70},[52,119732,74],{"class":66},[52,119734,77],{"class":70},[52,119736,3756],{"class":66},[52,119738,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119740,74618],{"class":118},[52,119742,81319],{"class":58},[52,119744,152],{"class":66},[52,119746,3743],{"class":66},[52,119748,71],{"class":70},[52,119750,74],{"class":66},[52,119752,77],{"class":70},[52,119754,74],{"class":66},[52,119756,104],{"class":70},[52,119758,3756],{"class":66},[20,119760,119761,119762,119764],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119763,86],{}," stays the same.",[20,119766,119767,119768,89],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[30,119769,3697,119770,3630],{"href":74625},[15,119771,74528],{},[38,119773,144,119774,147],{"id":78037},[15,119775,77971],{},[20,119777,119778,119780],{},[15,119779,64417],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119782,49035],{},[154,119784,119785,119788,119791],{},[157,119786,119787],{},"changes the original list directly",[157,119789,119790],{},"only works on lists",[157,119792,3812,119793],{},[15,119794,445],{},[1324,119796,35186,119798,74066],{"id":119797},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119799,77971],{},[43,119801,119803],{"className":45,"code":119802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119804,119805,119825,119829,119839,119843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119806,119807,119809,119811,119813,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119808,59],{"class":58},[52,119810,63],{"class":62},[52,119812,3743],{"class":66},[52,119814,488],{"class":70},[52,119816,74],{"class":66},[52,119818,5616],{"class":70},[52,119820,74],{"class":66},[52,119822,77],{"class":70},[52,119824,3756],{"class":66},[52,119826,119827],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119828,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,119830,119831,119833,119835,119837],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119832,86],{"class":58},[52,119834,89],{"class":66},[52,119836,34907],{"class":92},[52,119838,8764],{"class":66},[52,119840,119841],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,119842,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,119844,119845,119847,119849,119851],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,119846,119],{"class":118},[52,119848,122],{"class":66},[52,119850,86],{"class":92},[52,119852,127],{"class":66},[20,119854,119855],{},[984,119856,2193],{},[43,119858,119859],{"className":45,"code":55259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,119860,119861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119862,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119864,4020],{"class":66},[52,119866,71],{"class":70},[52,119868,74],{"class":66},[52,119870,77],{"class":70},[52,119872,74],{"class":66},[52,119874,104],{"class":70},[52,119876,3756],{"class":66},[20,119878,119879,119880,119883],{},"After calling ",[15,119881,119882],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119885,119886,119887,89],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[30,119888,3697,119889,10859],{"href":74879},[15,119890,77971],{},[38,119892,119894],{"id":119893},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119896,119897],{},"Here is the core difference:",[154,119899,119900,119909],{},[157,119901,119902,119905,119906],{},[15,119903,119904],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[984,119907,119908],{},"new sorted list",[157,119910,119911,119914,119915,74436],{},[15,119912,119913],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119916,8459],{},[1324,119918,119920],{"id":119919},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[43,119922,119924],{"className":45,"code":119923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119925,119926,119946,119950,119964,119983,120002,120006,120016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119927,119928,119930,119932,119934,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119929,59],{"class":58},[52,119931,63],{"class":62},[52,119933,3743],{"class":66},[52,119935,1705],{"class":70},[52,119937,74],{"class":66},[52,119939,77],{"class":70},[52,119941,74],{"class":66},[52,119943,109],{"class":70},[52,119945,3756],{"class":66},[52,119947,119948],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,119949,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,119951,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119953,1347],{"class":58},[52,119955,63],{"class":62},[52,119957,74662],{"class":118},[52,119959,122],{"class":66},[52,119961,86],{"class":92},[52,119963,127],{"class":66},[52,119965,119966,119968,119970,119972,119975,119977,119979,119981],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,119967,119],{"class":118},[52,119969,122],{"class":66},[52,119971,189],{"class":188},[52,119973,119974],{"class":192},"numbers after sorted():",[52,119976,189],{"class":188},[52,119978,74],{"class":66},[52,119980,479],{"class":92},[52,119982,127],{"class":66},[52,119984,119985,119987,119989,119991,119994,119996,119998,120000],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,119986,119],{"class":118},[52,119988,122],{"class":66},[52,119990,189],{"class":188},[52,119992,119993],{"class":192},"a:",[52,119995,189],{"class":188},[52,119997,74],{"class":66},[52,119999,1472],{"class":92},[52,120001,127],{"class":66},[52,120003,120004],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,120005,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120007,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,120009,86],{"class":58},[52,120011,89],{"class":66},[52,120013,34907],{"class":92},[52,120015,8764],{"class":66},[52,120017,120018,120020,120022,120024,120027,120029,120031,120033],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,120019,119],{"class":118},[52,120021,122],{"class":66},[52,120023,189],{"class":188},[52,120025,120026],{"class":192},"numbers after sort():",[52,120028,189],{"class":188},[52,120030,74],{"class":66},[52,120032,479],{"class":92},[52,120034,127],{"class":66},[20,120036,120037],{},[984,120038,2193],{},[43,120040,120042],{"className":45,"code":120041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120043,120044,120067,120087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120045,120046,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120047,120048],{"class":58},"numbers after ",[52,120050,74618],{"class":118},[52,120052,29694],{"class":66},[52,120054,3743],{"class":66},[52,120056,1705],{"class":70},[52,120058,74],{"class":66},[52,120060,77],{"class":70},[52,120062,74],{"class":66},[52,120064,109],{"class":70},[52,120066,3756],{"class":66},[52,120068,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120070,30],{"class":58},[52,120072,152],{"class":66},[52,120074,3743],{"class":66},[52,120076,99],{"class":70},[52,120078,74],{"class":66},[52,120080,109],{"class":70},[52,120082,74],{"class":66},[52,120084,396],{"class":70},[52,120086,3756],{"class":66},[52,120088,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120090,120048],{"class":58},[52,120092,34907],{"class":92},[52,120094,29694],{"class":66},[52,120096,3743],{"class":66},[52,120098,99],{"class":70},[52,120100,74],{"class":66},[52,120102,109],{"class":70},[52,120104,74],{"class":66},[52,120106,396],{"class":70},[52,120108,3756],{"class":66},[20,120110,10831],{},[154,120112,120113,120118],{},[157,120114,120115,120117],{},[15,120116,74528],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[157,120119,120120,120122],{},[15,120121,64417],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[38,120124,5078,120126],{"id":120125},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120127,74528],{},[20,120129,137,120130,10719],{},[15,120131,74528],{},[154,120133,120134,120137,120139,120142],{},[157,120135,120136],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[157,120138,118906],{},[157,120140,120141],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[157,120143,120144],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1324,120146,120148],{"id":120147},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[43,120150,120152],{"className":45,"code":120151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120153,120154,120178,120182,120196,120200,120210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120155,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120157,59],{"class":58},[52,120159,63],{"class":62},[52,120161,388],{"class":66},[52,120163,391],{"class":70},[52,120165,74],{"class":66},[52,120167,5616],{"class":70},[52,120169,74],{"class":66},[52,120171,104],{"class":70},[52,120173,74],{"class":66},[52,120175,77],{"class":70},[52,120177,127],{"class":66},[52,120179,120180],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120181,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120183,120184,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120185,474],{"class":58},[52,120187,63],{"class":62},[52,120189,74662],{"class":118},[52,120191,122],{"class":66},[52,120193,86],{"class":92},[52,120195,127],{"class":66},[52,120197,120198],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,120199,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120201,120202,120204,120206,120208],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,120203,119],{"class":118},[52,120205,122],{"class":66},[52,120207,507],{"class":92},[52,120209,127],{"class":66},[52,120211,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,120213,119],{"class":118},[52,120215,122],{"class":66},[52,120217,3340],{"class":3020},[52,120219,122],{"class":66},[52,120221,507],{"class":92},[52,120223,2150],{"class":66},[20,120225,120226],{},[984,120227,2193],{},[43,120229,120231],{"className":45,"code":120230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120232,120233,120253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120234,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247,120249,120251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120236,4020],{"class":66},[52,120238,71],{"class":70},[52,120240,74],{"class":66},[52,120242,77],{"class":70},[52,120244,74],{"class":66},[52,120246,104],{"class":70},[52,120248,74],{"class":66},[52,120250,109],{"class":70},[52,120252,3756],{"class":66},[52,120254,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120256,3409],{"class":62},[52,120258,3412],{"class":2187},[52,120260,3415],{"class":188},[52,120262,8213],{"class":192},[52,120264,3420],{"class":188},[52,120266,3423],{"class":62},[20,120268,2407,120269,120271,120272,89],{},[15,120270,74528],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[984,120273,8213],{},[20,120275,120276,120277,120279],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[30,120278,52880],{"href":51088}," is a helpful next step.",[38,120281,5078,120283],{"id":120282},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120284,77971],{},[20,120286,137,120287,10719],{},[15,120288,77971],{},[154,120290,120291,120294,120297,120300],{},[157,120292,120293],{},"you already have a list",[157,120295,120296],{},"you want to update that list directly",[157,120298,120299],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[157,120301,120302],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1324,120304,120306],{"id":120305},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[43,120308,120310],{"className":45,"code":120309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120311,120312,120344,120348,120358,120362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120313,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120315,5112],{"class":58},[52,120317,63],{"class":62},[52,120319,3743],{"class":66},[52,120321,189],{"class":188},[52,120323,5139],{"class":192},[52,120325,189],{"class":188},[52,120327,74],{"class":66},[52,120329,200],{"class":188},[52,120331,5121],{"class":192},[52,120333,189],{"class":188},[52,120335,74],{"class":66},[52,120337,200],{"class":188},[52,120339,5130],{"class":192},[52,120341,189],{"class":188},[52,120343,3756],{"class":66},[52,120345,120346],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120347,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120349,120350,120352,120354,120356],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120351,5156],{"class":58},[52,120353,89],{"class":66},[52,120355,34907],{"class":92},[52,120357,8764],{"class":66},[52,120359,120360],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,120361,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120363,120364,120366,120368,120370],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,120365,119],{"class":118},[52,120367,122],{"class":66},[52,120369,5156],{"class":92},[52,120371,127],{"class":66},[20,120373,120374],{},[984,120375,2193],{},[43,120377,120379],{"className":45,"code":120378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120380,120381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120382,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120384,4020],{"class":66},[52,120386,3420],{"class":188},[52,120388,5121],{"class":192},[52,120390,3420],{"class":188},[52,120392,74],{"class":66},[52,120394,3415],{"class":188},[52,120396,5130],{"class":192},[52,120398,3420],{"class":188},[52,120400,74],{"class":66},[52,120402,3415],{"class":188},[52,120404,5139],{"class":192},[52,120406,3420],{"class":188},[52,120408,3756],{"class":66},[20,120410,120411],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120413,120414,120415,89],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[30,120416,79977],{"href":78480},[38,120418,120420,668,120422,120424],{"id":120419},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120421,73681],{},[15,120423,14956],{}," work with both",[20,120426,10708,120427,668,120429,120431],{},[15,120428,74528],{},[15,120430,77971],{}," support:",[154,120433,120434,120439],{},[157,120435,120436,120438],{},[15,120437,78195],{}," for descending order",[157,120440,120441,120444],{},[15,120442,120443],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120446,120447],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1324,120449,120451],{"id":120450},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[43,120453,120455],{"className":45,"code":120454,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120456,120457,120477,120481,120503,120507,120525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120458,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120460,59],{"class":58},[52,120462,63],{"class":62},[52,120464,3743],{"class":66},[52,120466,488],{"class":70},[52,120468,74],{"class":66},[52,120470,5616],{"class":70},[52,120472,74],{"class":66},[52,120474,77],{"class":70},[52,120476,3756],{"class":66},[52,120478,120479],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120480,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120482,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120484,119],{"class":118},[52,120486,122],{"class":66},[52,120488,74618],{"class":118},[52,120490,122],{"class":66},[52,120492,86],{"class":92},[52,120494,74],{"class":66},[52,120496,78174],{"class":9298},[52,120498,63],{"class":62},[52,120500,3726],{"class":3971},[52,120502,2150],{"class":66},[52,120504,120505],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,120506,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120508,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,120510,86],{"class":58},[52,120512,89],{"class":66},[52,120514,34907],{"class":92},[52,120516,122],{"class":66},[52,120518,73681],{"class":9298},[52,120520,63],{"class":62},[52,120522,3726],{"class":3971},[52,120524,127],{"class":66},[52,120526,120527,120529,120531,120533],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,120528,119],{"class":118},[52,120530,122],{"class":66},[52,120532,86],{"class":92},[52,120534,127],{"class":66},[20,120536,120537],{},[984,120538,2193],{},[43,120540,120542],{"className":45,"code":120541,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120543,120544,120560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120545,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120547,4020],{"class":66},[52,120549,488],{"class":70},[52,120551,74],{"class":66},[52,120553,77],{"class":70},[52,120555,74],{"class":66},[52,120557,5616],{"class":70},[52,120559,3756],{"class":66},[52,120561,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120563,4020],{"class":66},[52,120565,488],{"class":70},[52,120567,74],{"class":66},[52,120569,77],{"class":70},[52,120571,74],{"class":66},[52,120573,5616],{"class":70},[52,120575,3756],{"class":66},[1324,120577,120579],{"id":120578},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[43,120581,120583],{"className":45,"code":120582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120584,120585,120617,120621,120647,120651,120673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120586,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120588,1025],{"class":58},[52,120590,63],{"class":62},[52,120592,3743],{"class":66},[52,120594,189],{"class":188},[52,120596,83463],{"class":192},[52,120598,189],{"class":188},[52,120600,74],{"class":66},[52,120602,200],{"class":188},[52,120604,1125],{"class":192},[52,120606,189],{"class":188},[52,120608,74],{"class":66},[52,120610,200],{"class":188},[52,120612,118771],{"class":192},[52,120614,189],{"class":188},[52,120616,3756],{"class":66},[52,120618,120619],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120620,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120622,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120624,119],{"class":118},[52,120626,122],{"class":66},[52,120628,74618],{"class":118},[52,120630,122],{"class":66},[52,120632,1043],{"class":92},[52,120634,74],{"class":66},[52,120636,21690],{"class":9298},[52,120638,63],{"class":62},[52,120640,3564],{"class":3020},[52,120642,89],{"class":66},[52,120644,8761],{"class":24860},[52,120646,2150],{"class":66},[52,120648,120649],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,120650,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120652,120653,120655,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665,120667,120669,120671],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,120654,1043],{"class":58},[52,120656,89],{"class":66},[52,120658,34907],{"class":92},[52,120660,122],{"class":66},[52,120662,14956],{"class":9298},[52,120664,63],{"class":62},[52,120666,3564],{"class":3020},[52,120668,89],{"class":66},[52,120670,8761],{"class":24860},[52,120672,127],{"class":66},[52,120674,120675,120677,120679,120681],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,120676,119],{"class":118},[52,120678,122],{"class":66},[52,120680,1043],{"class":92},[52,120682,127],{"class":66},[20,120684,120685],{},[984,120686,2193],{},[43,120688,120690],{"className":45,"code":120689,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120691,120692,120720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120693,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120695,4020],{"class":66},[52,120697,3420],{"class":188},[52,120699,1125],{"class":192},[52,120701,3420],{"class":188},[52,120703,74],{"class":66},[52,120705,3415],{"class":188},[52,120707,83463],{"class":192},[52,120709,3420],{"class":188},[52,120711,74],{"class":66},[52,120713,3415],{"class":188},[52,120715,118771],{"class":192},[52,120717,3420],{"class":188},[52,120719,3756],{"class":66},[52,120721,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120723,4020],{"class":66},[52,120725,3420],{"class":188},[52,120727,1125],{"class":192},[52,120729,3420],{"class":188},[52,120731,74],{"class":66},[52,120733,3415],{"class":188},[52,120735,83463],{"class":192},[52,120737,3420],{"class":188},[52,120739,74],{"class":66},[52,120741,3415],{"class":188},[52,120743,118771],{"class":192},[52,120745,3420],{"class":188},[52,120747,3756],{"class":66},[20,120749,8538,120750,120752],{},[15,120751,78689],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120754,120755,120756,89],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[30,120757,120759],{"href":120758},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[38,120761,120763],{"id":120762},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120765,120766],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1324,120768,120770,120771,12714],{"id":120769},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120772,77971],{},[20,120774,120775],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[43,120777,120779],{"className":45,"code":120778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120780,120781,120801,120805,120819,120823,120833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120782,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120784,59],{"class":58},[52,120786,63],{"class":62},[52,120788,3743],{"class":66},[52,120790,488],{"class":70},[52,120792,74],{"class":66},[52,120794,5616],{"class":70},[52,120796,74],{"class":66},[52,120798,77],{"class":70},[52,120800,3756],{"class":66},[52,120802,120803],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120804,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120806,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120808,474],{"class":58},[52,120810,63],{"class":62},[52,120812,479],{"class":58},[52,120814,89],{"class":66},[52,120816,34907],{"class":92},[52,120818,8764],{"class":66},[52,120820,120821],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,120822,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120824,120825,120827,120829,120831],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,120826,119],{"class":118},[52,120828,122],{"class":66},[52,120830,507],{"class":92},[52,120832,127],{"class":66},[52,120834,120835,120837,120839,120841],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,120836,119],{"class":118},[52,120838,122],{"class":66},[52,120840,86],{"class":92},[52,120842,127],{"class":66},[20,120844,120845],{},[984,120846,2193],{},[43,120848,120849],{"className":45,"code":79312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120850,120851,120855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120852,120853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120854,11924],{"class":3971},[52,120856,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120858,4020],{"class":66},[52,120860,71],{"class":70},[52,120862,74],{"class":66},[52,120864,77],{"class":70},[52,120866,74],{"class":66},[52,120868,104],{"class":70},[52,120870,3756],{"class":66},[20,120872,12016],{},[154,120874,120875,120880,120885],{},[157,120876,120877,120879],{},[15,120878,119882],{}," sorts the list in place",[157,120881,35123,120882,120884],{},[984,120883,986],{}," return the sorted list",[157,120886,90087,120887,42263,120889],{},[15,120888,507],{},[15,120890,445],{},[1324,120892,120894,120895,120897],{"id":120893},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120896,74528],{}," to change the original list",[43,120899,120901],{"className":45,"code":120900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120902,120903,120923,120927,120937,120941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120904,120905,120907,120909,120911,120913,120915,120917,120919,120921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120906,59],{"class":58},[52,120908,63],{"class":62},[52,120910,3743],{"class":66},[52,120912,488],{"class":70},[52,120914,74],{"class":66},[52,120916,5616],{"class":70},[52,120918,74],{"class":66},[52,120920,77],{"class":70},[52,120922,3756],{"class":66},[52,120924,120925],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,120926,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120928,120929,120931,120933,120935],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120930,74618],{"class":118},[52,120932,122],{"class":66},[52,120934,86],{"class":92},[52,120936,127],{"class":66},[52,120938,120939],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,120940,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,120942,120943,120945,120947,120949],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,120944,119],{"class":118},[52,120946,122],{"class":66},[52,120948,86],{"class":92},[52,120950,127],{"class":66},[20,120952,120953],{},[984,120954,2193],{},[43,120956,120957],{"className":45,"code":119103,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120958,120959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120960,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120962,4020],{"class":66},[52,120964,488],{"class":70},[52,120966,74],{"class":66},[52,120968,5616],{"class":70},[52,120970,74],{"class":66},[52,120972,77],{"class":70},[52,120974,3756],{"class":66},[20,120976,120977,120980],{},[15,120978,120979],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120982,10925],{},[43,120984,120986],{"className":45,"code":120985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120987,120988,121008,121012,121026,121030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120989,120990,120992,120994,120996,120998,121000,121002,121004,121006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120991,59],{"class":58},[52,120993,63],{"class":62},[52,120995,3743],{"class":66},[52,120997,488],{"class":70},[52,120999,74],{"class":66},[52,121001,5616],{"class":70},[52,121003,74],{"class":66},[52,121005,77],{"class":70},[52,121007,3756],{"class":66},[52,121009,121010],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121011,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,121013,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121015,55751],{"class":58},[52,121017,63],{"class":62},[52,121019,74662],{"class":118},[52,121021,122],{"class":66},[52,121023,86],{"class":92},[52,121025,127],{"class":66},[52,121027,121028],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,121029,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,121031,121032,121034,121036,121038],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,121033,119],{"class":118},[52,121035,122],{"class":66},[52,121037,55770],{"class":92},[52,121039,127],{"class":66},[1324,121041,121043,121044,121046],{"id":121042},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121045,64417],{}," on a tuple or string",[43,121048,121049],{"className":45,"code":79414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121050,121051,121063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121052,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121054,34795],{"class":58},[52,121056,63],{"class":62},[52,121058,200],{"class":188},[52,121060,47],{"class":192},[52,121062,3479],{"class":188},[52,121064,121065,121067,121069,121071],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121066,34816],{"class":58},[52,121068,89],{"class":66},[52,121070,34907],{"class":92},[52,121072,8764],{"class":66},[20,121074,121075,121076,33707],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121077,64417],{},[20,121079,121080,121082],{},[15,121081,64417],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121084,121085,121086,121088,121089,89],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121087,74528],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[30,121090,5254],{"href":5705},[1324,121092,121094,121095,119140],{"id":121093},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121096,74528],{},[43,121098,121100],{"className":45,"code":121099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121101,121102,121115,121129,121133,121143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121103,121104,121106,121108,121110,121113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121105,34795],{"class":58},[52,121107,63],{"class":62},[52,121109,200],{"class":188},[52,121111,121112],{"class":192},"cab",[52,121114,3479],{"class":188},[52,121116,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121118,474],{"class":58},[52,121120,63],{"class":62},[52,121122,74662],{"class":118},[52,121124,122],{"class":66},[52,121126,34816],{"class":92},[52,121128,127],{"class":66},[52,121130,121131],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121132,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,121134,121135,121137,121139,121141],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,121136,119],{"class":118},[52,121138,122],{"class":66},[52,121140,507],{"class":92},[52,121142,127],{"class":66},[52,121144,121145,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,121146,119],{"class":118},[52,121148,122],{"class":66},[52,121150,3340],{"class":3020},[52,121152,122],{"class":66},[52,121154,507],{"class":92},[52,121156,2150],{"class":66},[20,121158,121159],{},[984,121160,2193],{},[43,121162,121164],{"className":45,"code":121163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121165,121166,121194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121167,121168,121170,121172,121174,121176,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188,121190,121192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121169,4020],{"class":66},[52,121171,3420],{"class":188},[52,121173,30],{"class":192},[52,121175,3420],{"class":188},[52,121177,74],{"class":66},[52,121179,3415],{"class":188},[52,121181,1393],{"class":192},[52,121183,3420],{"class":188},[52,121185,74],{"class":66},[52,121187,3415],{"class":188},[52,121189,1491],{"class":192},[52,121191,3420],{"class":188},[52,121193,3756],{"class":66},[52,121195,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204,121206],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121197,3409],{"class":62},[52,121199,3412],{"class":2187},[52,121201,3415],{"class":188},[52,121203,8213],{"class":192},[52,121205,3420],{"class":188},[52,121207,3423],{"class":62},[20,121209,121210],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[38,121212,113797],{"id":113796},[20,121214,121215],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[154,121217,121218,121221,121226,121231,121237],{},[157,121219,121220],{},"confusing a function with a method",[157,121222,121223,121224,53753],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121225,64417],{},[157,121227,121228,121229,12714],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121230,77971],{},[157,121232,121233,121234,121236],{},"trying to use ",[15,121235,64417],{}," on non-list data types",[157,121238,50614,121239,121241],{},[15,121240,74528],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121243,121244],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,121246,121248],{"className":45,"code":121247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121249,121250,121260,121274,121299,121314,121324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121251,121252,121254,121256,121258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121253,119],{"class":118},[52,121255,122],{"class":66},[52,121257,8459],{"class":92},[52,121259,127],{"class":66},[52,121261,121262,121264,121266,121268,121270,121272],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121263,119],{"class":118},[52,121265,122],{"class":66},[52,121267,74618],{"class":118},[52,121269,122],{"class":66},[52,121271,8459],{"class":92},[52,121273,2150],{"class":66},[52,121275,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288,121291,121293,121295,121297],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121277,474],{"class":58},[52,121279,63],{"class":62},[52,121281,8516],{"class":58},[52,121283,89],{"class":66},[52,121285,34907],{"class":92},[52,121287,7483],{"class":66},[52,121289,121290],{"class":58},"; ",[52,121292,119],{"class":118},[52,121294,122],{"class":66},[52,121296,507],{"class":92},[52,121298,127],{"class":66},[52,121300,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309,121312],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,121302,119],{"class":118},[52,121304,122],{"class":66},[52,121306,3340],{"class":3020},[52,121308,122],{"class":66},[52,121310,121311],{"class":92},"my_data",[52,121313,2150],{"class":66},[52,121315,121316,121318,121320,121322],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,121317,32262],{"class":118},[52,121319,122],{"class":66},[52,121321,74618],{"class":118},[52,121323,127],{"class":66},[52,121325,121326,121328,121330,121332,121334,121336],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,121327,32262],{"class":118},[52,121329,122],{"class":66},[52,121331,8213],{"class":3020},[52,121333,89],{"class":66},[52,121335,34907],{"class":24860},[52,121337,127],{"class":66},[20,121339,84473],{},[154,121341,121342,121345,121349,121357],{},[157,121343,121344],{},"whether your original list changed",[157,121346,26129,121347,11822],{},[15,121348,74528],{},[157,121350,121351,121352,121354,121355],{},"whether ",[15,121353,64417],{}," returned ",[15,121356,445],{},[157,121358,121359],{},"what type of object you are working with",[38,121361,121363],{"id":121362},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121365,121366],{},"Use this rule:",[154,121368,121369,121377],{},[157,121370,121371,121372,121374,121375],{},"Need a ",[984,121373,119465],{},": use ",[15,121376,74528],{},[157,121378,121379,121380,121374,121383],{},"Need to ",[984,121381,121382],{},"change one list directly",[15,121384,77971],{},[20,121386,121387,121388,121390],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121389,74528],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[38,121392,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,121394,121396,121397,2996,121399,1964],{"id":121395},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121398,74528],{},[15,121400,77971],{},[20,121402,121403,121405],{},[15,121404,74528],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1324,121407,5276,121409,5279,121411,1964],{"id":121408},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121410,77971],{},[15,121412,445],{},[20,121414,121415],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1324,121417,5288,121419,121421],{"id":121418},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121420,74528],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121423,121424],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1324,121426,1949,121428,121430],{"id":121427},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121429,64417],{}," on a string?",[20,121432,46472,121433,121435,121436,40036],{},[15,121434,64417],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121437,121438],{},"sorted(string)",[1324,121440,11935,121442,668,121444,121446],{"id":121441},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121443,74528],{},[15,121445,64417],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121448,121449,121450,89],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121451,78195],{},[38,121453,1996],{"id":1995},[154,121455,121456,121462,121468,121472,121476],{},[157,121457,121458],{},[30,121459,3697,121460,3630],{"href":74625},[15,121461,74528],{},[157,121463,121464],{},[30,121465,3697,121466,10859],{"href":74879},[15,121467,77971],{},[157,121469,121470],{},[30,121471,79977],{"href":78480},[157,121473,121474],{},[30,121475,120759],{"href":120758},[157,121477,121478],{},[30,121479,52880],{"href":51088},[2044,121481,121482],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":121484},[121485,121486,121487,121491,121495,121498,121502,121506,121511,121521,121522,121523,121535],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":119553,"depth":83,"text":119554},{"id":117656,"depth":83,"text":119378,"children":121488},[121489],{"id":119620,"depth":115,"text":121490},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78037,"depth":83,"text":79999,"children":121492},[121493],{"id":119797,"depth":115,"text":121494},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119893,"depth":83,"text":119894,"children":121496},[121497],{"id":119919,"depth":115,"text":119920},{"id":120125,"depth":83,"text":121499,"children":121500},"When to use sorted()",[121501],{"id":120147,"depth":115,"text":120148},{"id":120282,"depth":83,"text":121503,"children":121504},"When to use list.sort()",[121505],{"id":120305,"depth":115,"text":120306},{"id":120419,"depth":83,"text":121507,"children":121508},"reverse and key work with both",[121509,121510],{"id":120450,"depth":115,"text":120451},{"id":120578,"depth":115,"text":120579},{"id":120762,"depth":83,"text":120763,"children":121512},[121513,121515,121517,121519],{"id":120769,"depth":115,"text":121514},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120893,"depth":115,"text":121516},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121042,"depth":115,"text":121518},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121093,"depth":115,"text":121520},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113796,"depth":83,"text":113797},{"id":121362,"depth":83,"text":121363},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":121524},[121525,121527,121529,121531,121533],{"id":121395,"depth":115,"text":121526},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121408,"depth":115,"text":121528},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121418,"depth":115,"text":121530},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121427,"depth":115,"text":121532},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121441,"depth":115,"text":121534},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119424,"description":121536},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121542,"title":42284,"body":121543,"description":123275,"extension":2083,"meta":123276,"navigation":240,"path":123277,"seo":123278,"stem":123279,"__hash__":123280},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121544,"toc":123232},[121545,121550,121555,121561,121563,121618,121622,121645,121650,121655,121660,121662,121693,121696,121710,121712,121714,121729,121734,121738,121741,121792,121796,121810,121817,121821,121825,121880,121884,121907,121911,121967,121971,121994,121998,122053,122057,122080,122084,122151,122155,122190,122196,122201,122206,122208,122222,122224,122298,122302,122322,122327,122334,122337,122349,122351,122420,122424,122461,122464,122489,122496,122505,122508,122520,122526,122532,122534,122540,122545,122624,122628,122669,122673,122675,122702,122705,122728,122731,122737,122740,122777,122789,122796,122798,122849,122852,122884,122887,122889,122896,122898,122913,122915,122972,122976,123000,123002,123007,123023,123030,123034,123037,123120,123130,123132,123137,123140,123146,123149,123155,123158,123164,123167,123174,123182,123184,123229],[10,121546,3697,121548,3701],{"id":121547},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121549,47791],{},[20,121551,32424,121552,121554],{},[15,121553,47791],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121556,121557,121558,121560],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121559,47791],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[38,121562,2125],{"id":2124},[43,121564,121566],{"className":45,"code":121565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121567,121568,121576,121590,121594,121604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121569,121570,121572,121574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121571,21739],{"class":58},[52,121573,63],{"class":62},[52,121575,45334],{"class":70},[52,121577,121578,121580,121582,121584,121586,121588],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121579,34795],{"class":58},[52,121581,63],{"class":62},[52,121583,49012],{"class":3020},[52,121585,122],{"class":66},[52,121587,9420],{"class":92},[52,121589,127],{"class":66},[52,121591,121592],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121593,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,121595,121596,121598,121600,121602],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,121597,119],{"class":118},[52,121599,122],{"class":66},[52,121601,34816],{"class":92},[52,121603,127],{"class":66},[52,121605,121606,121608,121610,121612,121614,121616],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,121607,119],{"class":118},[52,121609,122],{"class":66},[52,121611,3340],{"class":3020},[52,121613,122],{"class":66},[52,121615,34816],{"class":92},[52,121617,2150],{"class":66},[20,121619,121620],{},[984,121621,2193],{},[43,121623,121625],{"className":45,"code":121624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121626,121627,121631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121628,121629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121630,2826],{"class":70},[52,121632,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641,121643],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121634,3409],{"class":62},[52,121636,3412],{"class":2187},[52,121638,3415],{"class":188},[52,121640,3564],{"class":192},[52,121642,3420],{"class":188},[52,121644,3423],{"class":62},[20,121646,137,121647,121649],{},[15,121648,47791],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[38,121651,144,121653,147],{"id":121652},"what-str-does",[15,121654,47791],{},[20,121656,121657,121659],{},[15,121658,47791],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121661,2230],{},[154,121663,121664,121671,121678,121685],{},[157,121665,121666,121667,42263,121669],{},"An integer like ",[15,121668,2452],{},[15,121670,42234],{},[157,121672,121673,121674,42263,121676],{},"A float like ",[15,121675,40250],{},[15,121677,48202],{},[157,121679,121680,121681,42263,121683],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121682,3726],{},[15,121684,6758],{},[157,121686,121687,121688,42263,121690],{},"A list like ",[15,121689,75350],{},[15,121691,121692],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121694,121695],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[154,121697,121698,121701,121704,121707],{},[157,121699,121700],{},"print it",[157,121702,121703],{},"combine it with other strings",[157,121705,121706],{},"save it to a file",[157,121708,121709],{},"use it in messages",[38,121711,268],{"id":267},[20,121713,271],{},[43,121715,121717],{"className":45,"code":121716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"str(object)\n",[15,121718,121719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121720,121721,121723,121725,121727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121722,3564],{"class":3020},[52,121724,122],{"class":66},[52,121726,42507],{"class":3020},[52,121728,127],{"class":66},[20,121730,20882,121731,121733],{},[15,121732,42507],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121735,121736,8345],{},[15,121737,47791],{},[20,121739,121740],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[43,121742,121744],{"className":45,"code":121743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121745,121746,121755,121778,121782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121747,121748,121750,121752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121749,5213],{"class":58},[52,121751,63],{"class":62},[52,121753,121754],{"class":70}," 100\n",[52,121756,121757,121759,121761,121763,121766,121768,121770,121772,121774,121776],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121758,90107],{"class":58},[52,121760,63],{"class":62},[52,121762,200],{"class":188},[52,121764,121765],{"class":192},"Your score is ",[52,121767,189],{"class":188},[52,121769,2575],{"class":62},[52,121771,49012],{"class":3020},[52,121773,122],{"class":66},[52,121775,85620],{"class":92},[52,121777,127],{"class":66},[52,121779,121780],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121781,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,121783,121784,121786,121788,121790],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,121785,119],{"class":118},[52,121787,122],{"class":66},[52,121789,90124],{"class":92},[52,121791,127],{"class":66},[20,121793,121794],{},[984,121795,2193],{},[43,121797,121799],{"className":45,"code":121798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121800,121801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121802,121803,121806,121808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121804,121805],{"class":58},"Your score ",[52,121807,12310],{"class":62},[52,121809,121754],{"class":70},[20,121811,2417,121812,121816],{},[30,121813,121814,2424],{"href":2420},[15,121815,2423],{}," can help you check.",[38,121818,121820],{"id":121819},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1324,121822,121824],{"id":121823},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[43,121826,121828],{"className":45,"code":121827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121829,121830,121838,121852,121856,121866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121831,121832,121834,121836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121833,2339],{"class":58},[52,121835,63],{"class":62},[52,121837,2704],{"class":70},[52,121839,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121841,34795],{"class":58},[52,121843,63],{"class":62},[52,121845,49012],{"class":3020},[52,121847,122],{"class":66},[52,121849,2361],{"class":92},[52,121851,127],{"class":66},[52,121853,121854],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121855,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,121857,121858,121860,121862,121864],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,121859,119],{"class":118},[52,121861,122],{"class":66},[52,121863,34816],{"class":92},[52,121865,127],{"class":66},[52,121867,121868,121870,121872,121874,121876,121878],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,121869,119],{"class":118},[52,121871,122],{"class":66},[52,121873,3340],{"class":3020},[52,121875,122],{"class":66},[52,121877,34816],{"class":92},[52,121879,2150],{"class":66},[20,121881,121882],{},[984,121883,2193],{},[43,121885,121887],{"className":45,"code":121886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121888,121889,121893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121890,121891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121892,2498],{"class":70},[52,121894,121895,121897,121899,121901,121903,121905],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121896,3409],{"class":62},[52,121898,3412],{"class":2187},[52,121900,3415],{"class":188},[52,121902,3564],{"class":192},[52,121904,3420],{"class":188},[52,121906,3423],{"class":62},[1324,121908,121910],{"id":121909},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[43,121912,121914],{"className":45,"code":121913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121915,121916,121925,121939,121943,121953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121917,121918,121920,121922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121919,40494],{"class":58},[52,121921,63],{"class":62},[52,121923,121924],{"class":70}," 3.14\n",[52,121926,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121928,34795],{"class":58},[52,121930,63],{"class":62},[52,121932,49012],{"class":3020},[52,121934,122],{"class":66},[52,121936,25260],{"class":92},[52,121938,127],{"class":66},[52,121940,121941],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121942,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,121944,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,121946,119],{"class":118},[52,121948,122],{"class":66},[52,121950,34816],{"class":92},[52,121952,127],{"class":66},[52,121954,121955,121957,121959,121961,121963,121965],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,121956,119],{"class":118},[52,121958,122],{"class":66},[52,121960,3340],{"class":3020},[52,121962,122],{"class":66},[52,121964,34816],{"class":92},[52,121966,2150],{"class":66},[20,121968,121969],{},[984,121970,2193],{},[43,121972,121974],{"className":45,"code":121973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121975,121976,121980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121977,121978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121979,40284],{"class":70},[52,121981,121982,121984,121986,121988,121990,121992],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,121983,3409],{"class":62},[52,121985,3412],{"class":2187},[52,121987,3415],{"class":188},[52,121989,3564],{"class":192},[52,121991,3420],{"class":188},[52,121993,3423],{"class":62},[1324,121995,121997],{"id":121996},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[43,121999,122001],{"className":45,"code":122000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122002,122003,122011,122025,122029,122039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122004,122005,122007,122009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122006,2568],{"class":58},[52,122008,63],{"class":62},[52,122010,6543],{"class":3971},[52,122012,122013,122015,122017,122019,122021,122023],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122014,34795],{"class":58},[52,122016,63],{"class":62},[52,122018,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122020,122],{"class":66},[52,122022,2593],{"class":92},[52,122024,127],{"class":66},[52,122026,122027],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122028,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122032,119],{"class":118},[52,122034,122],{"class":66},[52,122036,34816],{"class":92},[52,122038,127],{"class":66},[52,122040,122041,122043,122045,122047,122049,122051],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,122042,119],{"class":118},[52,122044,122],{"class":66},[52,122046,3340],{"class":3020},[52,122048,122],{"class":66},[52,122050,34816],{"class":92},[52,122052,2150],{"class":66},[20,122054,122055],{},[984,122056,2193],{},[43,122058,122060],{"className":45,"code":122059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122061,122062,122066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122063,122064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122065,4100],{"class":3971},[52,122067,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076,122078],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122069,3409],{"class":62},[52,122071,3412],{"class":2187},[52,122073,3415],{"class":188},[52,122075,3564],{"class":192},[52,122077,3420],{"class":188},[52,122079,3423],{"class":62},[1324,122081,122083],{"id":122082},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[43,122085,122087],{"className":45,"code":122086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122088,122089,122109,122123,122127,122137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122090,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122092,7897],{"class":58},[52,122094,63],{"class":62},[52,122096,3743],{"class":66},[52,122098,71],{"class":70},[52,122100,74],{"class":66},[52,122102,77],{"class":70},[52,122104,74],{"class":66},[52,122106,104],{"class":70},[52,122108,3756],{"class":66},[52,122110,122111,122113,122115,122117,122119,122121],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122112,34795],{"class":58},[52,122114,63],{"class":62},[52,122116,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122118,122],{"class":66},[52,122120,7928],{"class":92},[52,122122,127],{"class":66},[52,122124,122125],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122126,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,122128,122129,122131,122133,122135],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122130,119],{"class":118},[52,122132,122],{"class":66},[52,122134,34816],{"class":92},[52,122136,127],{"class":66},[52,122138,122139,122141,122143,122145,122147,122149],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,122140,119],{"class":118},[52,122142,122],{"class":66},[52,122144,3340],{"class":3020},[52,122146,122],{"class":66},[52,122148,34816],{"class":92},[52,122150,2150],{"class":66},[20,122152,122153],{},[984,122154,2193],{},[43,122156,122158],{"className":45,"code":122157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122159,122160,122176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122161,122162,122164,122166,122168,122170,122172,122174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122163,4020],{"class":66},[52,122165,71],{"class":70},[52,122167,74],{"class":66},[52,122169,77],{"class":70},[52,122171,74],{"class":66},[52,122173,104],{"class":70},[52,122175,3756],{"class":66},[52,122177,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122179,3409],{"class":62},[52,122181,3412],{"class":2187},[52,122183,3415],{"class":188},[52,122185,3564],{"class":192},[52,122187,3420],{"class":188},[52,122189,3423],{"class":62},[20,122191,122192,122193,122195],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[984,122194,986],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[38,122197,5078,122199],{"id":122198},"when-to-use-str",[15,122200,47791],{},[20,122202,137,122203,122205],{},[15,122204,47791],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122207,36532],{},[154,122209,122210,122213,122216,122219],{},[157,122211,122212],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[157,122214,122215],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[157,122217,122218],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[157,122220,122221],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122223,347],{},[43,122225,122227],{"className":45,"code":122226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122228,122229,122241,122249,122253,122288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122230,122231,122233,122235,122237,122239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122232,7995],{"class":58},[52,122234,63],{"class":62},[52,122236,200],{"class":188},[52,122238,11626],{"class":192},[52,122240,3479],{"class":188},[52,122242,122243,122245,122247],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122244,21739],{"class":58},[52,122246,63],{"class":62},[52,122248,45334],{"class":70},[52,122250,122251],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122252,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,122254,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277,122279,122281,122283,122286],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122256,90107],{"class":58},[52,122258,63],{"class":62},[52,122260,36078],{"class":58},[52,122262,2182],{"class":62},[52,122264,200],{"class":188},[52,122266,4900],{"class":192},[52,122268,189],{"class":188},[52,122270,2575],{"class":62},[52,122272,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122274,122],{"class":66},[52,122276,9420],{"class":92},[52,122278,3782],{"class":66},[52,122280,2575],{"class":62},[52,122282,200],{"class":188},[52,122284,122285],{"class":192}," years old.",[52,122287,3479],{"class":188},[52,122289,122290,122292,122294,122296],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,122291,119],{"class":118},[52,122293,122],{"class":66},[52,122295,90124],{"class":92},[52,122297,127],{"class":66},[20,122299,122300],{},[984,122301,2193],{},[43,122303,122305],{"className":45,"code":122304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122306,122307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122308,122309,122312,122314,122316,122319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122310,122311],{"class":58},"Maya ",[52,122313,12310],{"class":62},[52,122315,9427],{"class":70},[52,122317,122318],{"class":58}," years old",[52,122320,122321],{"class":66},".\n",[20,122323,122324,122325,89],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[30,122326,89793],{"href":89792},[38,122328,122330,1083,122332],{"id":122329},"str-vs-print",[15,122331,47791],{},[15,122333,46559],{},[20,122335,122336],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[154,122338,122339,122344],{},[157,122340,122341,122343],{},[15,122342,47791],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[157,122345,122346,122348],{},[15,122347,46559],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122350,347],{},[43,122352,122354],{"className":45,"code":122353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122355,122356,122364,122368,122382,122392,122406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122357,122358,122360,122362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122359,2568],{"class":58},[52,122361,63],{"class":62},[52,122363,2886],{"class":70},[52,122365,122366],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122367,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,122369,122370,122372,122374,122376,122378,122380],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122371,34795],{"class":58},[52,122373,63],{"class":62},[52,122375,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122377,122],{"class":66},[52,122379,2593],{"class":92},[52,122381,127],{"class":66},[52,122383,122384,122386,122388,122390],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122385,119],{"class":118},[52,122387,122],{"class":66},[52,122389,34816],{"class":92},[52,122391,127],{"class":66},[52,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,122395,119],{"class":118},[52,122397,122],{"class":66},[52,122399,3340],{"class":3020},[52,122401,122],{"class":66},[52,122403,34816],{"class":92},[52,122405,2150],{"class":66},[52,122407,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416,122418],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,122409,119],{"class":118},[52,122411,122],{"class":66},[52,122413,3340],{"class":3020},[52,122415,122],{"class":66},[52,122417,2593],{"class":92},[52,122419,2150],{"class":66},[20,122421,122422],{},[984,122423,2193],{},[43,122425,122427],{"className":45,"code":122426,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122428,122429,122433,122447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122430,122431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122432,46719],{"class":70},[52,122434,122435,122437,122439,122441,122443,122445],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122436,3409],{"class":62},[52,122438,3412],{"class":2187},[52,122440,3415],{"class":188},[52,122442,3564],{"class":192},[52,122444,3420],{"class":188},[52,122446,3423],{"class":62},[52,122448,122449,122451,122453,122455,122457,122459],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122450,3409],{"class":62},[52,122452,3412],{"class":2187},[52,122454,3415],{"class":188},[52,122456,2310],{"class":192},[52,122458,3420],{"class":188},[52,122460,3423],{"class":62},[20,122462,122463],{},"Notice:",[154,122465,122466,122472,122477],{},[157,122467,122468,122471],{},[15,122469,122470],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[157,122473,122474,122476],{},[15,122475,46559],{}," only displayed values",[157,122478,122479,122481,122482,122484,122485,61410,122487],{},[15,122480,46559],{}," did not change ",[15,122483,2593],{}," from ",[15,122486,2310],{},[15,122488,3564],{},[20,122490,122491,122492,89],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[30,122493,122494,2424],{"href":46556},[15,122495,46559],{},[38,122497,122499,1083,122501,122504],{"id":122498},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122500,47791],{},[15,122502,122503],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122506,122507],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[154,122509,122510,122515],{},[157,122511,122512,122514],{},[15,122513,47791],{}," is the more readable text version",[157,122516,122517,122519],{},[15,122518,122503],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122521,122522,122523,122525],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122524,47791],{}," much more often.",[20,122527,122528,122529,122531],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122530,47791],{}," is usually the right choice.",[38,122533,4636],{"id":4635},[1324,122535,25884,122537,122539],{"id":122536},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122538,47791],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122541,122542,122544],{},[15,122543,47791],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[43,122546,122548],{"className":45,"code":122547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122549,122550,122558,122572,122576,122586,122600,122610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122551,122552,122554,122556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122553,21739],{"class":58},[52,122555,63],{"class":62},[52,122557,45334],{"class":70},[52,122559,122560,122562,122564,122566,122568,122570],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122561,34795],{"class":58},[52,122563,63],{"class":62},[52,122565,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122567,122],{"class":66},[52,122569,9420],{"class":92},[52,122571,127],{"class":66},[52,122573,122574],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122575,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,122577,122578,122580,122582,122584],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122579,119],{"class":118},[52,122581,122],{"class":66},[52,122583,9420],{"class":92},[52,122585,127],{"class":66},[52,122587,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596,122598],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,122589,119],{"class":118},[52,122591,122],{"class":66},[52,122593,3340],{"class":3020},[52,122595,122],{"class":66},[52,122597,9420],{"class":92},[52,122599,2150],{"class":66},[52,122601,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,122603,119],{"class":118},[52,122605,122],{"class":66},[52,122607,34816],{"class":92},[52,122609,127],{"class":66},[52,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,122613,119],{"class":118},[52,122615,122],{"class":66},[52,122617,3340],{"class":3020},[52,122619,122],{"class":66},[52,122621,34816],{"class":92},[52,122623,2150],{"class":66},[20,122625,122626],{},[984,122627,2193],{},[43,122629,122631],{"className":45,"code":122630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122632,122633,122637,122651,122655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122634,122635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122636,2826],{"class":70},[52,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122640,3409],{"class":62},[52,122642,3412],{"class":2187},[52,122644,3415],{"class":188},[52,122646,2310],{"class":192},[52,122648,3420],{"class":188},[52,122650,3423],{"class":62},[52,122652,122653],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122654,2826],{"class":70},[52,122656,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665,122667],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122658,3409],{"class":62},[52,122660,3412],{"class":2187},[52,122662,3415],{"class":188},[52,122664,3564],{"class":192},[52,122666,3420],{"class":188},[52,122668,3423],{"class":62},[1324,122670,122672],{"id":122671},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122674,6805],{},[43,122676,122678],{"className":45,"code":122677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122679,122680,122688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122681,122682,122684,122686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122683,21739],{"class":58},[52,122685,63],{"class":62},[52,122687,45334],{"class":70},[52,122689,122690,122692,122694,122696,122698,122700],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122691,34795],{"class":58},[52,122693,63],{"class":62},[52,122695,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122697,122],{"class":66},[52,122699,9420],{"class":92},[52,122701,127],{"class":66},[20,122703,122704],{},"But if you only do this:",[43,122706,122708],{"className":45,"code":122707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122709,122710,122718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122711,122712,122714,122716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122713,21739],{"class":58},[52,122715,63],{"class":62},[52,122717,45334],{"class":70},[52,122719,122720,122722,122724,122726],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122721,3564],{"class":3020},[52,122723,122],{"class":66},[52,122725,9420],{"class":92},[52,122727,127],{"class":66},[20,122729,122730],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1324,122732,8538,122734,122736],{"id":122733},"using-str-too-early",[15,122735,47791],{}," too early",[20,122738,122739],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[43,122741,122743],{"className":45,"code":122742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122744,122745,122753,122768,122772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122746,122747,122749,122751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122748,40494],{"class":58},[52,122750,63],{"class":62},[52,122752,2704],{"class":70},[52,122754,122755,122758,122760,122762,122764,122766],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122756,122757],{"class":58},"text_price ",[52,122759,63],{"class":62},[52,122761,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122763,122],{"class":66},[52,122765,25260],{"class":92},[52,122767,127],{"class":66},[52,122769,122770],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122771,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,122773,122774],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122775,122776],{"class":133},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122778,122779,122780,2996,122784,122788],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[30,122781,122782],{"href":2992},[15,122783,2995],{},[30,122785,122786],{"href":2999},[15,122787,3002],{},", depending on the situation.",[1324,122790,8574,122792,122795],{"id":122791},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122793,122794],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122797,64749],{},[43,122799,122801],{"className":45,"code":122800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122802,122803,122835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122804,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823,122825,122827,122829,122831,122833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122806,7897],{"class":58},[52,122808,63],{"class":62},[52,122810,3743],{"class":66},[52,122812,189],{"class":188},[52,122814,1125],{"class":192},[52,122816,189],{"class":188},[52,122818,74],{"class":66},[52,122820,200],{"class":188},[52,122822,1145],{"class":192},[52,122824,189],{"class":188},[52,122826,74],{"class":66},[52,122828,200],{"class":188},[52,122830,1216],{"class":192},[52,122832,189],{"class":188},[52,122834,3756],{"class":66},[52,122836,122837,122839,122841,122843,122845,122847],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122838,119],{"class":118},[52,122840,122],{"class":66},[52,122842,3564],{"class":3020},[52,122844,122],{"class":66},[52,122846,7928],{"class":92},[52,122848,2150],{"class":66},[20,122850,122851],{},"prints:",[43,122853,122854],{"className":45,"code":72940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,122855,122856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122857,122858,122860,122862,122864,122866,122868,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878,122880,122882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122859,4020],{"class":66},[52,122861,3420],{"class":188},[52,122863,1125],{"class":192},[52,122865,3420],{"class":188},[52,122867,74],{"class":66},[52,122869,3415],{"class":188},[52,122871,1145],{"class":192},[52,122873,3420],{"class":188},[52,122875,74],{"class":66},[52,122877,3415],{"class":188},[52,122879,1216],{"class":192},[52,122881,3420],{"class":188},[52,122883,3756],{"class":66},[20,122885,122886],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[38,122888,17533],{"id":17532},[20,122890,122891,22084,122893,89],{},[15,122892,47791],{},[984,122894,122895],{},"new string",[20,122897,11575],{},[154,122899,122900,122903,122906],{},[157,122901,122902],{},"It always returns a string",[157,122904,122905],{},"It does not modify the original object",[157,122907,692,122908,122912],{},[30,122909,122910],{"href":2420},[15,122911,2423],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122914,347],{},[43,122916,122918],{"className":45,"code":122917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122919,122920,122928,122943,122947,122958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122921,122922,122924,122926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122923,2568],{"class":58},[52,122925,63],{"class":62},[52,122927,14245],{"class":70},[52,122929,122930,122933,122935,122937,122939,122941],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122931,122932],{"class":58},"converted ",[52,122934,63],{"class":62},[52,122936,49012],{"class":3020},[52,122938,122],{"class":66},[52,122940,2593],{"class":92},[52,122942,127],{"class":66},[52,122944,122945],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122946,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,122948,122949,122951,122953,122956],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,122950,119],{"class":118},[52,122952,122],{"class":66},[52,122954,122955],{"class":92},"converted",[52,122957,127],{"class":66},[52,122959,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968,122970],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,122961,119],{"class":118},[52,122963,122],{"class":66},[52,122965,3340],{"class":3020},[52,122967,122],{"class":66},[52,122969,122955],{"class":92},[52,122971,2150],{"class":66},[20,122973,122974],{},[984,122975,2193],{},[43,122977,122979],{"className":45,"code":122978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122980,122981,122986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122982,122983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122984,122985],{"class":70},"99\n",[52,122987,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,122989,3409],{"class":62},[52,122991,3412],{"class":2187},[52,122993,3415],{"class":188},[52,122995,3564],{"class":192},[52,122997,3420],{"class":188},[52,122999,3423],{"class":62},[38,123001,113797],{"id":113796},[20,123003,123004,123005,74919],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123006,47791],{},[154,123008,123009,123012,123015,123020],{},[157,123010,123011],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[157,123013,123014],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[157,123016,8538,123017,123019],{},[15,123018,47791],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[157,123021,123022],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123024,123025,123026,89],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[30,123027,1781,123028],{"href":90505},[15,123029,90506],{},[38,123031,123033],{"id":123032},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123035,123036],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[43,123038,123040],{"className":45,"code":123039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123041,123042,123050,123054,123064,123078,123082,123096,123106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123043,123044,123046,123048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123045,2568],{"class":58},[52,123047,63],{"class":62},[52,123049,45334],{"class":70},[52,123051,123052],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123053,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,123055,123056,123058,123060,123062],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123057,119],{"class":118},[52,123059,122],{"class":66},[52,123061,2593],{"class":92},[52,123063,127],{"class":66},[52,123065,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,123067,119],{"class":118},[52,123069,122],{"class":66},[52,123071,3340],{"class":3020},[52,123073,122],{"class":66},[52,123075,2593],{"class":92},[52,123077,2150],{"class":66},[52,123079,123080],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,123081,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,123083,123084,123086,123088,123090,123092,123094],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,123085,122932],{"class":58},[52,123087,63],{"class":62},[52,123089,49012],{"class":3020},[52,123091,122],{"class":66},[52,123093,2593],{"class":92},[52,123095,127],{"class":66},[52,123097,123098,123100,123102,123104],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,123099,119],{"class":118},[52,123101,122],{"class":66},[52,123103,122955],{"class":92},[52,123105,127],{"class":66},[52,123107,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,123109,119],{"class":118},[52,123111,122],{"class":66},[52,123113,3340],{"class":3020},[52,123115,122],{"class":66},[52,123117,122955],{"class":92},[52,123119,2150],{"class":66},[20,123121,123122,123123,2311,123125,123127,123128,89],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123124,2310],{},[15,123126,2314],{},", or another type into ",[15,123129,3564],{},[38,123131,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,123133,5260,123135,5263],{"id":123134},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123136,47791],{},[20,123138,123139],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1324,123141,1937,123143,123145],{"id":123142},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123144,47791],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123147,123148],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1324,123150,5288,123152,123154],{"id":123151},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123153,47791],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123156,123157],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1324,123159,94691,123161,123163],{"id":123160},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123162,47791],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123165,123166],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1324,123168,15018,123170,57314,123172,1964],{"id":123169},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123171,47791],{},[15,123173,46559],{},[20,123175,46472,123176,123178,123179,123181],{},[15,123177,47791],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123180,46559],{}," shows output.",[38,123183,1996],{"id":1995},[154,123185,123186,123192,123198,123204,123210,123219,123223],{},[157,123187,123188],{},[30,123189,123190,3630],{"href":46556},[15,123191,46559],{},[157,123193,123194],{},[30,123195,123196,3630],{"href":2420},[15,123197,2423],{},[157,123199,123200],{},[30,123201,123202,3630],{"href":2992},[15,123203,2995],{},[157,123205,123206],{},[30,123207,123208,3630],{"href":2999},[15,123209,3002],{},[157,123211,123212],{},[30,123213,123215,123216,123218],{"href":123214},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123217,2310],{}," to string in Python",[157,123220,123221],{},[30,123222,90783],{"href":89792},[157,123224,123225],{},[30,123226,30458,123227],{"href":90505},[15,123228,90506],{},[2044,123230,123231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":123233},[123234,123235,123237,123238,123244,123246,123248,123250,123259,123260,123261,123262,123274],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":121652,"depth":83,"text":123236},"What str() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":121819,"depth":83,"text":121820,"children":123239},[123240,123241,123242,123243],{"id":121823,"depth":115,"text":121824},{"id":121909,"depth":115,"text":121910},{"id":121996,"depth":115,"text":121997},{"id":122082,"depth":115,"text":122083},{"id":122198,"depth":83,"text":123245},"When to use str()",{"id":122329,"depth":83,"text":123247},"str() vs print()",{"id":122498,"depth":83,"text":123249},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":123251},[123252,123254,123255,123257],{"id":122536,"depth":115,"text":123253},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122671,"depth":115,"text":122672},{"id":122733,"depth":115,"text":123256},"Using str() too early",{"id":122791,"depth":115,"text":123258},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":113796,"depth":83,"text":113797},{"id":123032,"depth":83,"text":123033},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":123263},[123264,123266,123268,123270,123272],{"id":123134,"depth":115,"text":123265},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123142,"depth":115,"text":123267},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123151,"depth":115,"text":123269},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123160,"depth":115,"text":123271},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123169,"depth":115,"text":123273},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42284,"description":123275},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123282,"title":123283,"body":123284,"description":124737,"extension":2083,"meta":124738,"navigation":240,"path":124739,"seo":124740,"stem":124741,"__hash__":124742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123285,"toc":124699},[123286,123292,123298,123301,123323,123325,123387,123389,123402,123408,123413,123418,123420,123433,123444,123446,123473,123475,123492,123499,123510,123512,123517,123519,123531,123539,123548,123550,123553,123606,123608,123616,123624,123628,123633,123673,123675,123683,123686,123688,123728,123730,123738,123748,123754,123757,123830,123832,123845,123849,123854,123882,123885,123920,123922,123930,123933,123937,123941,123943,123959,123961,124001,124003,124011,124020,124063,124065,124073,124075,124079,124085,124088,124128,124130,124138,124143,124146,124189,124193,124196,124231,124236,124238,124277,124287,124295,124305,124313,124317,124322,124324,124365,124367,124375,124380,124383,124386,124404,124410,124414,124419,124422,124462,124464,124469,124568,124571,124587,124589,124608,124610,124617,124620,124626,124629,124635,124639,124645,124648,124654,124657,124659,124696],[10,123287,123289,123290,18],{"id":123288},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123291,57399],{},[20,123293,123294,123295,123297],{},"The Python string ",[15,123296,57399],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123299,123300],{},"This reference page explains:",[154,123302,123303,123307,123310,123312,123320],{},[157,123304,26129,123305,147],{},[15,123306,57399],{},[157,123308,123309],{},"its syntax",[157,123311,35503],{},[157,123313,123314,123315,668,123317,123319],{},"how ",[15,123316,36182],{},[15,123318,52769],{}," work",[157,123321,123322],{},"common beginner mistakes",[38,123324,2125],{"id":2124},[43,123326,123328],{"className":45,"code":123327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123329,123330,123342,123364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123331,123332,123334,123336,123338,123340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123333,34795],{"class":58},[52,123335,63],{"class":62},[52,123337,200],{"class":188},[52,123339,1145],{"class":192},[52,123341,3479],{"class":188},[52,123343,123344,123346,123348,123350,123352,123354,123356,123358,123360,123362],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123345,119],{"class":118},[52,123347,122],{"class":66},[52,123349,34816],{"class":92},[52,123351,89],{"class":66},[52,123353,41367],{"class":92},[52,123355,122],{"class":66},[52,123357,189],{"class":188},[52,123359,30],{"class":192},[52,123361,189],{"class":188},[52,123363,2150],{"class":66},[52,123365,123366,123368,123370,123372,123374,123376,123378,123380,123383,123385],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123367,119],{"class":118},[52,123369,122],{"class":66},[52,123371,34816],{"class":92},[52,123373,89],{"class":66},[52,123375,41367],{"class":92},[52,123377,122],{"class":66},[52,123379,189],{"class":188},[52,123381,123382],{"class":192},"na",[52,123384,189],{"class":188},[52,123386,2150],{"class":66},[20,123388,2193],{},[43,123390,123392],{"className":45,"code":123391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\n",[15,123393,123394,123398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123395,123396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123397,46724],{"class":70},[52,123399,123400],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123401,17170],{"class":70},[20,123403,137,123404,123407],{},[15,123405,123406],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[38,123409,13113,123411,13116],{"id":123410},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123412,57399],{},[20,123414,123415,123417],{},[15,123416,57399],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123419,13169],{},[154,123421,123422,123425,123428,123430],{},[157,123423,123424],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[157,123426,123427],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[157,123429,43767],{},[157,123431,123432],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123434,123435,123436,123438,123439,2311,123441,123443],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123437,1003],{}," characters are in ",[15,123440,65379],{},[15,123442,57399],{}," is a simple choice.",[38,123445,268],{"id":267},[43,123447,123449],{"className":45,"code":123448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123450,123451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123452,123453,123455,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123454,61283],{"class":58},[52,123456,89],{"class":66},[52,123458,41367],{"class":92},[52,123460,122],{"class":66},[52,123462,2593],{"class":92},[52,123464,74],{"class":66},[52,123466,36161],{"class":92},[52,123468,74],{"class":66},[52,123470,65145],{"class":92},[52,123472,127],{"class":66},[1324,123474,17509],{"id":17508},[154,123476,123477,123482,123487],{},[157,123478,123479,123481],{},[15,123480,2593],{},": the text to search for",[157,123483,123484,123486],{},[15,123485,36182],{},": optional; where counting begins",[157,123488,123489,123491],{},[15,123490,52769],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123493,123494,668,123496,123498],{},[15,123495,36182],{},[15,123497,52769],{}," work like slice positions:",[154,123500,123501,123506],{},[157,123502,123503,123505],{},[15,123504,36182],{}," is included",[157,123507,123508,75845],{},[15,123509,52769],{},[38,123511,17533],{"id":17532},[20,123513,123514,123516],{},[15,123515,57399],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123518,2249],{},[154,123520,123521,123526],{},[157,123522,123523,123524],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123525,488],{},[157,123527,123528,123529],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123530,2243],{},[20,123532,41013,123533,5279,123535,2996,123537,89],{},[984,123534,986],{},[15,123536,3726],{},[15,123538,3795],{},[20,123540,123541,123542,123547],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[30,123543,123545,101680],{"href":123544},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123546,4003],{}," is often a better fit.",[38,123549,11592],{"id":11591},[20,123551,123552],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[43,123554,123556],{"className":45,"code":123555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123557,123558,123570,123592,123596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123559,123560,123562,123564,123566,123568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123561,34795],{"class":58},[52,123563,63],{"class":62},[52,123565,200],{"class":188},[52,123567,1125],{"class":192},[52,123569,3479],{"class":188},[52,123571,123572,123574,123576,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586,123588,123590],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123573,474],{"class":58},[52,123575,63],{"class":62},[52,123577,42950],{"class":58},[52,123579,89],{"class":66},[52,123581,41367],{"class":92},[52,123583,122],{"class":66},[52,123585,189],{"class":188},[52,123587,20],{"class":192},[52,123589,189],{"class":188},[52,123591,127],{"class":66},[52,123593,123594],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123595,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,123597,123598,123600,123602,123604],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,123599,119],{"class":118},[52,123601,122],{"class":66},[52,123603,507],{"class":92},[52,123605,127],{"class":66},[20,123607,2193],{},[43,123609,123610],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123611,123612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123613,123614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123615,17170],{"class":70},[20,123617,63925,123618,123621,123622,89],{},[15,123619,123620],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123623,57942],{},[38,123625,123627],{"id":123626},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123629,123630,123632],{},[15,123631,57399],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[43,123634,123636],{"className":45,"code":123635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123637,123638,123651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123639,123640,123642,123644,123646,123649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123641,34795],{"class":58},[52,123643,63],{"class":62},[52,123645,200],{"class":188},[52,123647,123648],{"class":192},"cat dog cat bird cat",[52,123650,3479],{"class":188},[52,123652,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123654,119],{"class":118},[52,123656,122],{"class":66},[52,123658,34816],{"class":92},[52,123660,89],{"class":66},[52,123662,41367],{"class":92},[52,123664,122],{"class":66},[52,123666,189],{"class":188},[52,123668,950],{"class":192},[52,123670,189],{"class":188},[52,123672,2150],{"class":66},[20,123674,2193],{},[43,123676,123677],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123678,123679],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123680,123681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123682,46724],{"class":70},[20,123684,123685],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123687,347],{},[43,123689,123691],{"className":45,"code":123690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123692,123693,123706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123694,123695,123697,123699,123701,123704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123696,34795],{"class":58},[52,123698,63],{"class":62},[52,123700,200],{"class":188},[52,123702,123703],{"class":192},"one One one",[52,123705,3479],{"class":188},[52,123707,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123709,119],{"class":118},[52,123711,122],{"class":66},[52,123713,34816],{"class":92},[52,123715,89],{"class":66},[52,123717,41367],{"class":92},[52,123719,122],{"class":66},[52,123721,189],{"class":188},[52,123723,6703],{"class":192},[52,123725,189],{"class":188},[52,123727,2150],{"class":66},[20,123729,2193],{},[43,123731,123732],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123733,123734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123735,123736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123737,17170],{"class":70},[20,123739,123740,123741,123744,123745,123747],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123742,123743],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123746,57399],{}," is case-sensitive.",[38,123749,8538,123750,668,123752],{"id":65511},[15,123751,36182],{},[15,123753,52769],{},[20,123755,123756],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[43,123758,123760],{"className":45,"code":123759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123761,123762,123774,123800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123763,123764,123766,123768,123770,123772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123765,34795],{"class":58},[52,123767,63],{"class":62},[52,123769,200],{"class":188},[52,123771,1145],{"class":192},[52,123773,3479],{"class":188},[52,123775,123776,123778,123780,123782,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123777,119],{"class":118},[52,123779,122],{"class":66},[52,123781,34816],{"class":92},[52,123783,89],{"class":66},[52,123785,41367],{"class":92},[52,123787,122],{"class":66},[52,123789,189],{"class":188},[52,123791,30],{"class":192},[52,123793,189],{"class":188},[52,123795,74],{"class":66},[52,123797,77],{"class":70},[52,123799,2150],{"class":66},[52,123801,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123803,119],{"class":118},[52,123805,122],{"class":66},[52,123807,34816],{"class":92},[52,123809,89],{"class":66},[52,123811,41367],{"class":92},[52,123813,122],{"class":66},[52,123815,189],{"class":188},[52,123817,30],{"class":192},[52,123819,189],{"class":188},[52,123821,74],{"class":66},[52,123823,77],{"class":70},[52,123825,74],{"class":66},[52,123827,396],{"class":70},[52,123829,2150],{"class":66},[20,123831,2193],{},[43,123833,123835],{"className":45,"code":123834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n1\n",[15,123836,123837,123841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123838,123839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123840,17170],{"class":70},[52,123842,123843],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123844,47024],{"class":70},[1324,123846,123848],{"id":123847},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123850,123851,123852,152],{},"In ",[15,123853,65379],{},[154,123855,123856,123864,123872],{},[157,123857,71069,123858,123860,123861],{},[15,123859,99],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123862,123863],{},"\"n\"",[157,123865,123866,123869,123870,76143],{},[15,123867,123868],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123871,99],{},[157,123873,123874,123869,123877,123879,123880],{},[15,123875,123876],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123878,99],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123881,1705],{},[20,123883,123884],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[43,123886,123888],{"className":45,"code":123887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123889,123890,123902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123891,123892,123894,123896,123898,123900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123893,34795],{"class":58},[52,123895,63],{"class":62},[52,123897,200],{"class":188},[52,123899,1145],{"class":192},[52,123901,3479],{"class":188},[52,123903,123904,123906,123908,123910,123912,123914,123916,123918],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123905,119],{"class":118},[52,123907,122],{"class":66},[52,123909,34816],{"class":92},[52,123911,4020],{"class":66},[52,123913,99],{"class":70},[52,123915,152],{"class":66},[52,123917,1705],{"class":70},[52,123919,112],{"class":66},[20,123921,2193],{},[43,123923,123924],{"className":45,"code":41576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123925,123926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123927,123928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123929,41576],{"class":58},[20,123931,123932],{},"Only that section is searched.",[38,123934,123936],{"id":123935},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123938,123939,123747],{},[15,123940,57399],{},[20,123942,2230],{},[154,123944,123945,123953],{},[157,123946,123947,668,123949,123952],{},[15,123948,1003],{},[15,123950,123951],{},"\"A\""," are different",[157,123954,123955,668,123957,123952],{},[15,123956,64640],{},[15,123958,90518],{},[20,123960,347],{},[43,123962,123964],{"className":45,"code":123963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123965,123966,123979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123967,123968,123970,123972,123974,123977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123969,34795],{"class":58},[52,123971,63],{"class":62},[52,123973,200],{"class":188},[52,123975,123976],{"class":192},"Apple apple APPLE",[52,123978,3479],{"class":188},[52,123980,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997,123999],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,123982,119],{"class":118},[52,123984,122],{"class":66},[52,123986,34816],{"class":92},[52,123988,89],{"class":66},[52,123990,41367],{"class":92},[52,123992,122],{"class":66},[52,123994,189],{"class":188},[52,123996,1125],{"class":192},[52,123998,189],{"class":188},[52,124000,2150],{"class":66},[20,124002,2193],{},[43,124004,124005],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124006,124007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124008,124009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124010,47024],{"class":70},[20,124012,124013,124014,152],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[30,124015,124017],{"href":124016},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124018,124019],{},"lower()",[43,124021,124023],{"className":45,"code":124022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124024,124025,124037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124026,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124028,34795],{"class":58},[52,124030,63],{"class":62},[52,124032,200],{"class":188},[52,124034,123976],{"class":192},[52,124036,3479],{"class":188},[52,124038,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055,124057,124059,124061],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124040,119],{"class":118},[52,124042,122],{"class":66},[52,124044,34816],{"class":92},[52,124046,89],{"class":66},[52,124048,8761],{"class":92},[52,124050,8758],{"class":66},[52,124052,41367],{"class":92},[52,124054,122],{"class":66},[52,124056,189],{"class":188},[52,124058,1125],{"class":192},[52,124060,189],{"class":188},[52,124062,2150],{"class":66},[20,124064,2193],{},[43,124066,124067],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124068,124069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124070,124071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124072,46724],{"class":70},[38,124074,2948],{"id":2947},[20,124076,23204,124077,89],{},[15,124078,57399],{},[1324,124080,8574,124082,124084],{"id":124081},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124083,57399],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124086,124087],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[43,124089,124091],{"className":45,"code":124090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124092,124093,124106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124094,124095,124097,124099,124101,124104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124096,34795],{"class":58},[52,124098,63],{"class":62},[52,124100,200],{"class":188},[52,124102,124103],{"class":192},"Aardvark",[52,124105,3479],{"class":188},[52,124107,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124109,119],{"class":118},[52,124111,122],{"class":66},[52,124113,34816],{"class":92},[52,124115,89],{"class":66},[52,124117,41367],{"class":92},[52,124119,122],{"class":66},[52,124121,189],{"class":188},[52,124123,30],{"class":192},[52,124125,189],{"class":188},[52,124127,2150],{"class":66},[20,124129,2193],{},[43,124131,124132],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124133,124134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124135,124136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124137,17170],{"class":70},[20,124139,123740,124140,124142],{},[15,124141,123951],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124144,124145],{},"If needed, convert first:",[43,124147,124149],{"className":45,"code":124148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124150,124151,124163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124152,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124154,34795],{"class":58},[52,124156,63],{"class":62},[52,124158,200],{"class":188},[52,124160,124103],{"class":192},[52,124162,3479],{"class":188},[52,124164,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124166,119],{"class":118},[52,124168,122],{"class":66},[52,124170,34816],{"class":92},[52,124172,89],{"class":66},[52,124174,8761],{"class":92},[52,124176,8758],{"class":66},[52,124178,41367],{"class":92},[52,124180,122],{"class":66},[52,124182,189],{"class":188},[52,124184,30],{"class":192},[52,124186,189],{"class":188},[52,124188,2150],{"class":66},[1324,124190,124192],{"id":124191},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124194,124195],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[43,124197,124199],{"className":45,"code":124198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124200,124201,124213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124202,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124204,34795],{"class":58},[52,124206,63],{"class":62},[52,124208,200],{"class":188},[52,124210,1145],{"class":192},[52,124212,3479],{"class":188},[52,124214,124215,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225,124227,124229],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124216,119],{"class":118},[52,124218,122],{"class":66},[52,124220,34816],{"class":92},[52,124222,89],{"class":66},[52,124224,41367],{"class":92},[52,124226,122],{"class":66},[52,124228,30],{"class":92},[52,124230,2150],{"class":66},[20,124232,124233,124234,89],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124235,30],{},[20,124237,10925],{},[43,124239,124241],{"className":45,"code":124240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124242,124243,124255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124244,124245,124247,124249,124251,124253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124246,34795],{"class":58},[52,124248,63],{"class":62},[52,124250,200],{"class":188},[52,124252,1145],{"class":192},[52,124254,3479],{"class":188},[52,124256,124257,124259,124261,124263,124265,124267,124269,124271,124273,124275],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124258,119],{"class":118},[52,124260,122],{"class":66},[52,124262,34816],{"class":92},[52,124264,89],{"class":66},[52,124266,41367],{"class":92},[52,124268,122],{"class":66},[52,124270,189],{"class":188},[52,124272,30],{"class":192},[52,124274,189],{"class":188},[52,124276,2150],{"class":66},[1324,124278,37310,124280,8826,124282,2996,124285],{"id":124279},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124281,57399],{},[15,124283,124284],{},"find()",[15,124286,59076],{},[20,124288,137,124289,124291,124292,89],{},[15,124290,57399],{}," when you need the ",[984,124293,124294],{},"number of matches",[20,124296,137,124297,124291,124302,124304],{},[30,124298,124300],{"href":124299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124301,124284],{},[984,124303,65051],{}," of the first match.",[20,124306,137,124307,124312],{},[30,124308,124310],{"href":124309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124311,59076],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1324,124314,124316],{"id":124315},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124318,124319,124321],{},[15,124320,57399],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124323,347],{},[43,124325,124327],{"className":45,"code":124326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124328,124329,124342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124330,124331,124333,124335,124337,124340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124332,34795],{"class":58},[52,124334,63],{"class":62},[52,124336,200],{"class":188},[52,124338,124339],{"class":192},"aaaa",[52,124341,3479],{"class":188},[52,124343,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354,124356,124358,124361,124363],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124345,119],{"class":118},[52,124347,122],{"class":66},[52,124349,34816],{"class":92},[52,124351,89],{"class":66},[52,124353,41367],{"class":92},[52,124355,122],{"class":66},[52,124357,189],{"class":188},[52,124359,124360],{"class":192},"aa",[52,124362,189],{"class":188},[52,124364,2150],{"class":66},[20,124366,2193],{},[43,124368,124369],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124370,124371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124372,124373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124374,17170],{"class":70},[20,124376,124377,124378,89],{},"It does not return ",[15,124379,488],{},[20,124381,124382],{},"Why not?",[20,124384,124385],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[154,124387,124388,124397],{},[157,124389,124390,124393,124394],{},[15,124391,124392],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124395,124396],{},"0-1",[157,124398,124399,124393,124401],{},[15,124400,124392],{},[15,124402,124403],{},"2-3",[20,124405,124406,124407,89],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124408,124409],{},"1-2",[38,124411,5078,124412],{"id":58481},[15,124413,57399],{},[20,124415,137,124416,124418],{},[15,124417,57399],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124420,124421],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[154,124423,124424,124433,124443,124453],{},[157,124425,137,124426,124428,124429,124432],{},[15,124427,57399],{}," when you need ",[984,124430,124431],{},"how many times"," something appears",[157,124434,137,124435,124428,124439,124442],{},[30,124436,124437],{"href":124299},[15,124438,124284],{},[984,124440,124441],{},"where"," it appears",[157,124444,47918,124445,124449,124450],{},[30,124446,124447,101680],{"href":123544},[15,124448,4003],{}," when you only need to know ",[984,124451,124452],{},"if it exists",[157,124454,137,124455,124461],{},[30,124456,124458],{"href":124457},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124459,124460],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[38,124463,26052],{"id":26051},[20,124465,8997,124466,124468],{},[15,124467,57399],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[43,124470,124472],{"className":45,"code":124471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124473,124474,124484,124498,124520,124546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124475,124476,124478,124480,124482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124477,119],{"class":118},[52,124479,122],{"class":66},[52,124481,34816],{"class":92},[52,124483,127],{"class":66},[52,124485,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494,124496],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124487,119],{"class":118},[52,124489,122],{"class":66},[52,124491,3340],{"class":3020},[52,124493,122],{"class":66},[52,124495,34816],{"class":92},[52,124497,2150],{"class":66},[52,124499,124500,124502,124504,124506,124508,124510,124512,124514,124516,124518],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,124501,119],{"class":118},[52,124503,122],{"class":66},[52,124505,34816],{"class":92},[52,124507,89],{"class":66},[52,124509,41367],{"class":92},[52,124511,122],{"class":66},[52,124513,189],{"class":188},[52,124515,30],{"class":192},[52,124517,189],{"class":188},[52,124519,2150],{"class":66},[52,124521,124522,124524,124526,124528,124530,124532,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542,124544],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,124523,119],{"class":118},[52,124525,122],{"class":66},[52,124527,34816],{"class":92},[52,124529,89],{"class":66},[52,124531,8761],{"class":92},[52,124533,8758],{"class":66},[52,124535,41367],{"class":92},[52,124537,122],{"class":66},[52,124539,189],{"class":188},[52,124541,30],{"class":192},[52,124543,189],{"class":188},[52,124545,2150],{"class":66},[52,124547,124548,124550,124552,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562,124564,124566],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,124549,119],{"class":118},[52,124551,122],{"class":66},[52,124553,34816],{"class":92},[52,124555,89],{"class":66},[52,124557,41367],{"class":92},[52,124559,122],{"class":66},[52,124561,189],{"class":188},[52,124563,123382],{"class":192},[52,124565,189],{"class":188},[52,124567,2150],{"class":66},[20,124569,124570],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[154,124572,124573,124576,124581,124584],{},[157,124574,124575],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[157,124577,124578,124580],{},[15,124579,34816],{}," not being a string",[157,124582,124583],{},"counting the wrong substring",[157,124585,124586],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124588,58970],{},[154,124590,124591,124594,124597,124600],{},[157,124592,124593],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[157,124595,124596],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[157,124598,124599],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[157,124601,50600,124602,1863,124604,2996,124606,73415],{},[15,124603,57399],{},[15,124605,124284],{},[15,124607,4003],{},[38,124609,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,124611,124613,124614,124616],{"id":124612},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124615,57399],{}," change the original string?",[20,124618,124619],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1324,124621,15018,124623,124625],{"id":124622},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124624,57399],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124627,124628],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1324,124630,5260,124632,124634],{"id":124631},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124633,57399],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124636,5266,124637,89],{},[15,124638,2243],{},[1324,124640,5288,124642,124644],{"id":124641},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124643,57399],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124646,124647],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1324,124649,1937,124651,124653],{"id":124650},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124652,57399],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124655,124656],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[38,124658,1996],{"id":1995},[154,124660,124661,124668,124675,124682,124689],{},[157,124662,124663],{},[30,124664,124665],{"href":124299},[15,124666,124667],{},"Python string find() method",[157,124669,124670],{},[30,124671,124672],{"href":124309},[15,124673,124674],{},"Python string index() method",[157,124676,124677],{},[30,124678,124679],{"href":124016},[15,124680,124681],{},"Python string lower() method",[157,124683,124684],{},[30,124685,124686],{"href":123544},[15,124687,124688],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[157,124690,124691],{},[30,124692,124693],{"href":124457},[15,124694,124695],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2044,124697,124698],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":124700},[124701,124702,124704,124707,124708,124709,124710,124713,124714,124722,124723,124724,124736],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":123410,"depth":83,"text":124703},"What the count() method does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":124705},[124706],{"id":17508,"depth":115,"text":17509},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":123626,"depth":83,"text":123627},{"id":65511,"depth":83,"text":66294,"children":124711},[124712],{"id":123847,"depth":115,"text":123848},{"id":123935,"depth":83,"text":123936},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":124715},[124716,124718,124719,124721],{"id":124081,"depth":115,"text":124717},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124191,"depth":115,"text":124192},{"id":124279,"depth":115,"text":124720},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124315,"depth":115,"text":124316},{"id":58481,"depth":83,"text":59112},{"id":26051,"depth":83,"text":26052},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":124725},[124726,124728,124730,124732,124734],{"id":124612,"depth":115,"text":124727},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124622,"depth":115,"text":124729},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124631,"depth":115,"text":124731},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124641,"depth":115,"text":124733},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124650,"depth":115,"text":124735},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123283,"description":124737},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124744,"title":124745,"body":124746,"description":126331,"extension":2083,"meta":126332,"navigation":240,"path":126333,"seo":126334,"stem":126335,"__hash__":126336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124747,"toc":126304},[124748,124751,124754,124851,124860,124862,124881,124885,124888,124891,124904,124907,124936,124941,124946,125004,125006,125039,125045,125049,125052,125055,125084,125087,125114,125117,125120,125124,125127,125134,125197,125199,125217,125220,125224,125227,125230,125272,125275,125319,125322,125325,125329,125334,125337,125380,125382,125405,125408,125441,125444,125493,125503,125507,125510,125513,125542,125545,125556,125558,125617,125620,125624,125627,125630,125645,125654,125657,125691,125694,125721,125724,125731,125733,125736,125738,125741,125755,125764,125766,125793,125797,125800,125814,125817,125876,125880,125883,125910,125913,125940,125948,125951,126011,126013,126046,126050,126053,126072,126077,126126,126131,126133,126136,126195,126213,126215,126219,126227,126231,126234,126238,126244,126248,126258,126262,126265,126267,126301],[10,124749,124745],{"id":124750},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124752,124753],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[43,124755,124757],{"className":45,"code":124756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124758,124759,124771,124783,124792,124806,124810,124820,124830,124841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124760,124761,124763,124765,124767,124769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124762,7995],{"class":58},[52,124764,63],{"class":62},[52,124766,200],{"class":188},[52,124768,5121],{"class":192},[52,124770,3479],{"class":188},[52,124772,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124774,90107],{"class":58},[52,124776,63],{"class":62},[52,124778,3415],{"class":188},[52,124780,34975],{"class":192},[52,124782,29810],{"class":188},[52,124784,124785,124788,124790],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,124786,124787],{"class":58},"empty ",[52,124789,63],{"class":62},[52,124791,8000],{"class":188},[52,124793,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802,124804],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,124795,34795],{"class":58},[52,124797,63],{"class":62},[52,124799,49012],{"class":3020},[52,124801,122],{"class":66},[52,124803,50354],{"class":70},[52,124805,127],{"class":66},[52,124807,124808],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,124809,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,124811,124812,124814,124816,124818],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,124813,119],{"class":118},[52,124815,122],{"class":66},[52,124817,7786],{"class":92},[52,124819,127],{"class":66},[52,124821,124822,124824,124826,124828],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,124823,119],{"class":118},[52,124825,122],{"class":66},[52,124827,90124],{"class":92},[52,124829,127],{"class":66},[52,124831,124832,124834,124836,124839],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,124833,119],{"class":118},[52,124835,122],{"class":66},[52,124837,124838],{"class":92},"empty",[52,124840,127],{"class":66},[52,124842,124843,124845,124847,124849],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,124844,119],{"class":118},[52,124846,122],{"class":66},[52,124848,34816],{"class":92},[52,124850,127],{"class":66},[20,124852,124853,124856,124857,124859],{},[984,124854,124855],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124858,47791],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[38,124861,15277],{"id":15276},[154,124863,124864,124867,124870,124873,124878],{},[157,124865,124866],{},"What a string is in Python",[157,124868,124869],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[157,124871,124872],{},"How to create an empty string",[157,124874,124875,124876],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124877,47791],{},[157,124879,124880],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[38,124882,124884],{"id":124883},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124886,124887],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124889,124890],{},"Strings can contain:",[154,124892,124893,124896,124898,124901],{},[157,124894,124895],{},"Letters",[157,124897,56571],{},[157,124899,124900],{},"Spaces",[157,124902,124903],{},"Symbols",[20,124905,124906],{},"Examples of strings:",[43,124908,124910],{"className":45,"code":124909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124911,124912,124920,124928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124913,124914,124916,124918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124915,189],{"class":43437},[52,124917,3964],{"class":43441},[52,124919,3479],{"class":43437},[52,124921,124922,124924,124926],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124923,189],{"class":43437},[52,124925,50354],{"class":43441},[52,124927,3479],{"class":43437},[52,124929,124930,124932,124934],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,124931,189],{"class":43437},[52,124933,89249],{"class":43441},[52,124935,3479],{"class":43437},[20,124937,260,124938,124940],{},[15,124939,50404],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124942,124943,124944,152],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124945,2423],{},[43,124947,124949],{"className":45,"code":124948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124950,124951,124963,124972,124976,124990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124952,124953,124955,124957,124959,124961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124954,34795],{"class":58},[52,124956,63],{"class":62},[52,124958,200],{"class":188},[52,124960,50354],{"class":192},[52,124962,3479],{"class":188},[52,124964,124965,124967,124969],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,124966,2339],{"class":58},[52,124968,63],{"class":62},[52,124970,124971],{"class":70}," 123\n",[52,124973,124974],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,124975,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,124977,124978,124980,124982,124984,124986,124988],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,124979,119],{"class":118},[52,124981,122],{"class":66},[52,124983,3340],{"class":3020},[52,124985,122],{"class":66},[52,124987,34816],{"class":92},[52,124989,2150],{"class":66},[52,124991,124992,124994,124996,124998,125000,125002],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,124993,119],{"class":118},[52,124995,122],{"class":66},[52,124997,3340],{"class":3020},[52,124999,122],{"class":66},[52,125001,2361],{"class":92},[52,125003,2150],{"class":66},[20,125005,2193],{},[43,125007,125009],{"className":45,"code":125008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125010,125011,125025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125012,125013,125015,125017,125019,125021,125023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125014,3409],{"class":62},[52,125016,3412],{"class":2187},[52,125018,3415],{"class":188},[52,125020,3564],{"class":192},[52,125022,3420],{"class":188},[52,125024,3423],{"class":62},[52,125026,125027,125029,125031,125033,125035,125037],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125028,3409],{"class":62},[52,125030,3412],{"class":2187},[52,125032,3415],{"class":188},[52,125034,2310],{"class":192},[52,125036,3420],{"class":188},[52,125038,3423],{"class":62},[20,125040,125041,125042,89],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[30,125043,125044],{"href":51084},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[38,125046,125048],{"id":125047},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125050,125051],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125053,125054],{},"You can use single quotes:",[43,125056,125058],{"className":45,"code":125057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125059,125060,125073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125061,125062,125065,125067,125069,125071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125063,125064],{"class":58},"greeting ",[52,125066,63],{"class":62},[52,125068,3415],{"class":188},[52,125070,3964],{"class":192},[52,125072,29810],{"class":188},[52,125074,125075,125077,125079,125082],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125076,119],{"class":118},[52,125078,122],{"class":66},[52,125080,125081],{"class":92},"greeting",[52,125083,127],{"class":66},[20,125085,125086],{},"Or double quotes:",[43,125088,125090],{"className":45,"code":125089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125091,125092,125104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125093,125094,125096,125098,125100,125102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125095,125064],{"class":58},[52,125097,63],{"class":62},[52,125099,200],{"class":188},[52,125101,3964],{"class":192},[52,125103,3479],{"class":188},[52,125105,125106,125108,125110,125112],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125107,119],{"class":118},[52,125109,122],{"class":66},[52,125111,125081],{"class":92},[52,125113,127],{"class":66},[20,125115,125116],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125118,125119],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[38,125121,125123],{"id":125122},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125125,125126],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125128,125129,125130,2996,125132,152],{},"Use either ",[15,125131,6392],{},[15,125133,3893],{},[43,125135,125137],{"className":45,"code":125136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125138,125139,125148,125157,125161,125172,125183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125140,125141,125144,125146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125142,125143],{"class":58},"empty1 ",[52,125145,63],{"class":62},[52,125147,8000],{"class":188},[52,125149,125150,125153,125155],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125151,125152],{"class":58},"empty2 ",[52,125154,63],{"class":62},[52,125156,47603],{"class":188},[52,125158,125159],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125160,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,125162,125163,125165,125167,125170],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,125164,119],{"class":118},[52,125166,122],{"class":66},[52,125168,125169],{"class":92},"empty1",[52,125171,127],{"class":66},[52,125173,125174,125176,125178,125181],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,125175,119],{"class":118},[52,125177,122],{"class":66},[52,125179,125180],{"class":92},"empty2",[52,125182,127],{"class":66},[52,125184,125185,125187,125189,125191,125193,125195],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,125186,119],{"class":118},[52,125188,122],{"class":66},[52,125190,3340],{"class":3020},[52,125192,122],{"class":66},[52,125194,125169],{"class":92},[52,125196,2150],{"class":66},[20,125198,2193],{},[43,125200,125201],{"className":45,"code":45879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,125202,125203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125204,125205,125207,125209,125211,125213,125215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125206,3409],{"class":62},[52,125208,3412],{"class":2187},[52,125210,3415],{"class":188},[52,125212,3564],{"class":192},[52,125214,3420],{"class":188},[52,125216,3423],{"class":62},[20,125218,125219],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[38,125221,125223],{"id":125222},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125225,125226],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125228,125229],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[43,125231,125233],{"className":45,"code":125232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125234,125235,125246,125251,125258,125262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125236,125237,125239,125241,125244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125238,90107],{"class":58},[52,125240,63],{"class":62},[52,125242,125243],{"class":188}," \"\"\"",[52,125245,89049],{"class":192},[52,125247,125248],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125249,125250],{"class":192},"Welcome to Python\n",[52,125252,125253,125256],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125254,125255],{"class":192},"Have a nice day",[52,125257,43445],{"class":188},[52,125259,125260],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,125261,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,125263,125264,125266,125268,125270],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,125265,119],{"class":118},[52,125267,122],{"class":66},[52,125269,90124],{"class":92},[52,125271,127],{"class":66},[20,125273,125274],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[43,125276,125278],{"className":45,"code":125277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125279,125280,125292,125297,125305,125309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125281,125282,125284,125286,125289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125283,90107],{"class":58},[52,125285,63],{"class":62},[52,125287,125288],{"class":188}," '''",[52,125290,125291],{"class":192},"Line 1\n",[52,125293,125294],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125295,125296],{"class":192},"Line 2\n",[52,125298,125299,125302],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125300,125301],{"class":192},"Line 3",[52,125303,125304],{"class":188},"'''\n",[52,125306,125307],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,125308,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,125310,125311,125313,125315,125317],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,125312,119],{"class":118},[52,125314,122],{"class":66},[52,125316,90124],{"class":92},[52,125318,127],{"class":66},[20,125320,125321],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125323,125324],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[38,125326,125328],{"id":125327},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125330,2100,125331,125333],{},[15,125332,47791],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125335,125336],{},"Example with a number:",[43,125338,125340],{"className":45,"code":125339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125341,125342,125356,125366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125343,125344,125346,125348,125350,125352,125354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125345,34795],{"class":58},[52,125347,63],{"class":62},[52,125349,49012],{"class":3020},[52,125351,122],{"class":66},[52,125353,46633],{"class":70},[52,125355,127],{"class":66},[52,125357,125358,125360,125362,125364],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125359,119],{"class":118},[52,125361,122],{"class":66},[52,125363,34816],{"class":92},[52,125365,127],{"class":66},[52,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125369,119],{"class":118},[52,125371,122],{"class":66},[52,125373,3340],{"class":3020},[52,125375,122],{"class":66},[52,125377,34816],{"class":92},[52,125379,2150],{"class":66},[20,125381,2193],{},[43,125383,125385],{"className":45,"code":125384,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125386,125387,125391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125388,125389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125390,46719],{"class":70},[52,125392,125393,125395,125397,125399,125401,125403],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125394,3409],{"class":62},[52,125396,3412],{"class":2187},[52,125398,3415],{"class":188},[52,125400,3564],{"class":192},[52,125402,3420],{"class":188},[52,125404,3423],{"class":62},[20,125406,125407],{},"You can also convert other values:",[43,125409,125411],{"className":45,"code":125410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125412,125413,125427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125414,125415,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125416,119],{"class":118},[52,125418,122],{"class":66},[52,125420,3564],{"class":3020},[52,125422,122],{"class":66},[52,125424,3726],{"class":3971},[52,125426,2150],{"class":66},[52,125428,125429,125431,125433,125435,125437,125439],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125430,119],{"class":118},[52,125432,122],{"class":66},[52,125434,3564],{"class":3020},[52,125436,122],{"class":66},[52,125438,40250],{"class":70},[52,125440,2150],{"class":66},[20,125442,125443],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[43,125445,125447],{"className":45,"code":125446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125448,125449,125457,125479,125483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125450,125451,125453,125455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125452,21739],{"class":58},[52,125454,63],{"class":62},[52,125456,45334],{"class":70},[52,125458,125459,125461,125463,125465,125467,125469,125471,125473,125475,125477],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125460,90107],{"class":58},[52,125462,63],{"class":62},[52,125464,200],{"class":188},[52,125466,89525],{"class":192},[52,125468,189],{"class":188},[52,125470,2575],{"class":62},[52,125472,49012],{"class":3020},[52,125474,122],{"class":66},[52,125476,9420],{"class":92},[52,125478,127],{"class":66},[52,125480,125481],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125482,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,125484,125485,125487,125489,125491],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,125486,119],{"class":118},[52,125488,122],{"class":66},[52,125490,90124],{"class":92},[52,125492,127],{"class":66},[20,125494,125495,125496,2996,125500,89],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[30,125497,3697,125498,3630],{"href":42283},[15,125499,47791],{},[30,125501,125502],{"href":123214},"how to convert int to string in Python",[38,125504,125506],{"id":125505},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125508,125509],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125511,125512],{},"Both of these are valid:",[43,125514,125516],{"className":45,"code":125515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125517,125518,125530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125519,125520,125522,125524,125526,125528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125521,1347],{"class":58},[52,125523,63],{"class":62},[52,125525,3415],{"class":188},[52,125527,7414],{"class":192},[52,125529,29810],{"class":188},[52,125531,125532,125534,125536,125538,125540],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125533,1364],{"class":58},[52,125535,63],{"class":62},[52,125537,200],{"class":188},[52,125539,7414],{"class":192},[52,125541,3479],{"class":188},[20,125543,125544],{},"A common rule is:",[154,125546,125547,125550,125553],{},[157,125548,125549],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[157,125551,125552],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[157,125554,125555],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125557,347],{},[43,125559,125561],{"className":45,"code":125560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125562,125563,125577,125591,125595,125606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125564,125565,125568,125570,125572,125575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125566,125567],{"class":58},"text1 ",[52,125569,63],{"class":62},[52,125571,200],{"class":188},[52,125573,125574],{"class":192},"It's working",[52,125576,3479],{"class":188},[52,125578,125579,125582,125584,125586,125589],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125580,125581],{"class":58},"text2 ",[52,125583,63],{"class":62},[52,125585,3415],{"class":188},[52,125587,125588],{"class":192},"She said \"hello\"",[52,125590,29810],{"class":188},[52,125592,125593],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125594,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,125596,125597,125599,125601,125604],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,125598,119],{"class":118},[52,125600,122],{"class":66},[52,125602,125603],{"class":92},"text1",[52,125605,127],{"class":66},[52,125607,125608,125610,125612,125615],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,125609,119],{"class":118},[52,125611,122],{"class":66},[52,125613,125614],{"class":92},"text2",[52,125616,127],{"class":66},[20,125618,125619],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[38,125621,125623],{"id":125622},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125625,125626],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125628,125629],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[43,125631,125633],{"className":45,"code":125632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125634,125635,125640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125636,125637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125638,125639],{"class":133},"# This will cause an error\n",[52,125641,125642],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125643,125644],{"class":133},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125646,125647,125648,35438,125650,125653],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125649,3420],{},[15,125651,125652],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125655,125656],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[43,125658,125660],{"className":45,"code":125659,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125661,125662,125681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125663,125664,125666,125668,125670,125673,125676,125679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125665,34795],{"class":58},[52,125667,63],{"class":62},[52,125669,3415],{"class":188},[52,125671,125672],{"class":192},"It",[52,125674,125675],{"class":34560},"\\'",[52,125677,125678],{"class":192},"s working",[52,125680,29810],{"class":188},[52,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125684,119],{"class":118},[52,125686,122],{"class":66},[52,125688,34816],{"class":92},[52,125690,127],{"class":66},[20,125692,125693],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[43,125695,125697],{"className":45,"code":125696,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125698,125699,125711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125700,125701,125703,125705,125707,125709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125702,34795],{"class":58},[52,125704,63],{"class":62},[52,125706,200],{"class":188},[52,125708,125574],{"class":192},[52,125710,3479],{"class":188},[52,125712,125713,125715,125717,125719],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125714,119],{"class":118},[52,125716,122],{"class":66},[52,125718,34816],{"class":92},[52,125720,127],{"class":66},[20,125722,125723],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125725,125726,125727,89],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[30,125728,125730],{"href":125729},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[38,125732,2948],{"id":2947},[20,125734,125735],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1324,125737,90314],{"id":90313},[20,125739,125740],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[43,125742,125744],{"className":45,"code":125743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125745,125746,125750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125747,125748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125749,125639],{"class":133},[52,125751,125752],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125753,125754],{"class":133},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125756,125757,125758,1714,125761,125763],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125759,125760],{},"NameError",[15,125762,5121],{}," is not defined.",[20,125765,10925],{},[43,125767,125769],{"className":45,"code":125768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125770,125771,125783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125772,125773,125775,125777,125779,125781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125774,7995],{"class":58},[52,125776,63],{"class":62},[52,125778,200],{"class":188},[52,125780,5121],{"class":192},[52,125782,3479],{"class":188},[52,125784,125785,125787,125789,125791],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125786,119],{"class":118},[52,125788,122],{"class":66},[52,125790,7786],{"class":92},[52,125792,127],{"class":66},[1324,125794,125796],{"id":125795},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125798,125799],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[43,125801,125803],{"className":45,"code":125802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125804,125805,125809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125806,125807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125808,125639],{"class":133},[52,125810,125811],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125812,125813],{"class":133},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125815,125816],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[43,125818,125820],{"className":45,"code":125819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125821,125822,125839,125852,125856,125866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125823,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832,125834,125837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125825,125567],{"class":58},[52,125827,63],{"class":62},[52,125829,3415],{"class":188},[52,125831,125672],{"class":192},[52,125833,125675],{"class":34560},[52,125835,125836],{"class":192},"s good",[52,125838,29810],{"class":188},[52,125840,125841,125843,125845,125847,125850],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125842,125581],{"class":58},[52,125844,63],{"class":62},[52,125846,200],{"class":188},[52,125848,125849],{"class":192},"It's good",[52,125851,3479],{"class":188},[52,125853,125854],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125855,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,125857,125858,125860,125862,125864],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,125859,119],{"class":118},[52,125861,122],{"class":66},[52,125863,125603],{"class":92},[52,125865,127],{"class":66},[52,125867,125868,125870,125872,125874],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,125869,119],{"class":118},[52,125871,122],{"class":66},[52,125873,125614],{"class":92},[52,125875,127],{"class":66},[1324,125877,125879],{"id":125878},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125881,125882],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[43,125884,125886],{"className":45,"code":125885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125887,125888,125900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125889,125890,125892,125894,125896,125898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125891,34795],{"class":58},[52,125893,63],{"class":62},[52,125895,125243],{"class":188},[52,125897,3964],{"class":192},[52,125899,43445],{"class":188},[52,125901,125902,125904,125906,125908],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125903,119],{"class":118},[52,125905,122],{"class":66},[52,125907,34816],{"class":92},[52,125909,127],{"class":66},[20,125911,125912],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[43,125914,125916],{"className":45,"code":125915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125917,125918,125930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125919,125920,125922,125924,125926,125928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125921,34795],{"class":58},[52,125923,63],{"class":62},[52,125925,200],{"class":188},[52,125927,3964],{"class":192},[52,125929,3479],{"class":188},[52,125931,125932,125934,125936,125938],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125933,119],{"class":118},[52,125935,122],{"class":66},[52,125937,34816],{"class":92},[52,125939,127],{"class":66},[1324,125941,4697,125943,668,125945,125947],{"id":125942},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125944,50354],{},[15,125946,50404],{}," are the same type",[20,125949,125950],{},"They are different:",[43,125952,125954],{"className":45,"code":125953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125955,125956,125965,125978,125982,125996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125957,125958,125961,125963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125959,125960],{"class":58},"value1 ",[52,125962,63],{"class":62},[52,125964,124971],{"class":70},[52,125966,125967,125970,125972,125974,125976],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,125968,125969],{"class":58},"value2 ",[52,125971,63],{"class":62},[52,125973,200],{"class":188},[52,125975,50354],{"class":192},[52,125977,3479],{"class":188},[52,125979,125980],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125981,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,125983,125984,125986,125988,125990,125992,125994],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,125985,119],{"class":118},[52,125987,122],{"class":66},[52,125989,3340],{"class":3020},[52,125991,122],{"class":66},[52,125993,84870],{"class":92},[52,125995,2150],{"class":66},[52,125997,125998,126000,126002,126004,126006,126009],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,125999,119],{"class":118},[52,126001,122],{"class":66},[52,126003,3340],{"class":3020},[52,126005,122],{"class":66},[52,126007,126008],{"class":92},"value2",[52,126010,2150],{"class":66},[20,126012,2193],{},[43,126014,126016],{"className":45,"code":126015,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126017,126018,126032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126019,126020,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126021,3409],{"class":62},[52,126023,3412],{"class":2187},[52,126025,3415],{"class":188},[52,126027,2310],{"class":192},[52,126029,3420],{"class":188},[52,126031,3423],{"class":62},[52,126033,126034,126036,126038,126040,126042,126044],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126035,3409],{"class":62},[52,126037,3412],{"class":2187},[52,126039,3415],{"class":188},[52,126041,3564],{"class":192},[52,126043,3420],{"class":188},[52,126045,3423],{"class":62},[1324,126047,126049],{"id":126048},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126051,126052],{},"This causes a type error:",[43,126054,126056],{"className":45,"code":126055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126057,126058,126062,126067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126059,126060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126061,125639],{"class":133},[52,126063,126064],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126065,126066],{"class":133},"# age = 10\n",[52,126068,126069],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126070,126071],{"class":133},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126073,126074,126075,152],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126076,47791],{},[43,126078,126080],{"className":45,"code":126079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126081,126082,126090,126112,126116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126083,126084,126086,126088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126085,21739],{"class":58},[52,126087,63],{"class":62},[52,126089,2704],{"class":70},[52,126091,126092,126094,126096,126098,126100,126102,126104,126106,126108,126110],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126093,90107],{"class":58},[52,126095,63],{"class":62},[52,126097,200],{"class":188},[52,126099,89525],{"class":192},[52,126101,189],{"class":188},[52,126103,2575],{"class":62},[52,126105,49012],{"class":3020},[52,126107,122],{"class":66},[52,126109,9420],{"class":92},[52,126111,127],{"class":66},[52,126113,126114],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126115,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,126117,126118,126120,126122,126124],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,126119,119],{"class":118},[52,126121,122],{"class":66},[52,126123,90124],{"class":92},[52,126125,127],{"class":66},[20,126127,126128,126129,89],{},"For this specific error, see ",[30,126130,90506],{"href":90505},[1324,126132,60819],{"id":60818},[20,126134,126135],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[43,126137,126139],{"className":45,"code":126138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126140,126141,126153,126157,126167,126181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126142,126143,126145,126147,126149,126151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126144,34795],{"class":58},[52,126146,63],{"class":62},[52,126148,200],{"class":188},[52,126150,3964],{"class":192},[52,126152,3479],{"class":188},[52,126154,126155],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126156,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,126158,126159,126161,126163,126165],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126160,119],{"class":118},[52,126162,122],{"class":66},[52,126164,34816],{"class":92},[52,126166,127],{"class":66},[52,126168,126169,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,126170,119],{"class":118},[52,126172,122],{"class":66},[52,126174,3340],{"class":3020},[52,126176,122],{"class":66},[52,126178,34816],{"class":92},[52,126180,2150],{"class":66},[52,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,126184,119],{"class":118},[52,126186,122],{"class":66},[52,126188,41887],{"class":118},[52,126190,122],{"class":66},[52,126192,34816],{"class":92},[52,126194,2150],{"class":66},[154,126196,126197,126202,126207],{},[157,126198,126199,46385],{},[15,126200,126201],{},"print(text)",[157,126203,126204,46390],{},[15,126205,126206],{},"print(type(text))",[157,126208,126209,126212],{},[15,126210,126211],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[38,126214,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,126216,126218],{"id":126217},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126220,126221,126222,2996,126225,89],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126223,126224],{},"'hello'",[15,126226,64640],{},[1324,126228,126230],{"id":126229},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126232,126233],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1324,126235,126237],{"id":126236},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126239,137,126240,2996,126242,89],{},[15,126241,6392],{},[15,126243,3893],{},[1324,126245,126247],{"id":126246},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126249,137,126250,126252,126253,126255,126256,89],{},[15,126251,47791],{},", like ",[15,126254,80483],{},", which returns ",[15,126257,42234],{},[1324,126259,126261],{"id":126260},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126263,126264],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[38,126266,1996],{"id":1995},[154,126268,126269,126273,126279,126284,126293,126297],{},[157,126270,126271],{},[30,126272,125044],{"href":51084},[157,126274,126275],{},[30,126276,3697,126277,3630],{"href":42283},[15,126278,47791],{},[157,126280,126281],{},[30,126282,126283],{"href":123214},"How to convert int to string in Python",[157,126285,126286],{},[30,126287,126289,126290,10859],{"href":126288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126291,126292],{},"format()",[157,126294,126295],{},[30,126296,125730],{"href":125729},[157,126298,126299],{},[30,126300,90506],{"href":90505},[2044,126302,126303],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":126305},[126306,126307,126308,126309,126310,126311,126312,126313,126314,126323,126330],{"id":15276,"depth":83,"text":15277},{"id":124883,"depth":83,"text":124884},{"id":125047,"depth":83,"text":125048},{"id":125122,"depth":83,"text":125123},{"id":125222,"depth":83,"text":125223},{"id":125327,"depth":83,"text":125328},{"id":125505,"depth":83,"text":125506},{"id":125622,"depth":83,"text":125623},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":126315},[126316,126317,126318,126319,126321,126322],{"id":90313,"depth":115,"text":90314},{"id":125795,"depth":115,"text":125796},{"id":125878,"depth":115,"text":125879},{"id":125942,"depth":115,"text":126320},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126048,"depth":115,"text":126049},{"id":60818,"depth":115,"text":60819},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":126324},[126325,126326,126327,126328,126329],{"id":126217,"depth":115,"text":126218},{"id":126229,"depth":115,"text":126230},{"id":126236,"depth":115,"text":126237},{"id":126246,"depth":115,"text":126247},{"id":126260,"depth":115,"text":126261},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124745,"description":126331},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126338,"title":126339,"body":126340,"description":128254,"extension":2083,"meta":128255,"navigation":240,"path":128256,"seo":128257,"stem":128258,"__hash__":128259},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126341,"toc":128215},[126342,126348,126353,126361,126363,126430,126432,126444,126453,126458,126462,126479,126481,126546,126548,126560,126565,126567,126595,126616,126619,126658,126660,126668,126672,126676,126680,126688,126691,126732,126734,126742,126745,126802,126804,126812,126816,126821,126865,126867,126875,126884,126888,126893,126941,126943,126951,126957,126959,126963,126975,126980,127059,127061,127081,127085,127089,127129,127131,127139,127143,127186,127188,127196,127200,127240,127242,127250,127254,127310,127312,127320,127326,127328,127332,127342,127409,127411,127424,127431,127474,127476,127484,127488,127491,127547,127549,127557,127560,127562,127639,127641,127649,127658,127660,127664,127668,127670,127692,127695,127742,127746,127785,127787,127795,127797,127839,127846,127851,127913,127915,127927,127933,127938,127987,127989,128008,128014,128016,128035,128037,128128,128130,128136,128143,128149,128155,128160,128169,128176,128184,128186,128212],[10,126343,123289,126345,18],{"id":126344},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126346,126347],{},"endswith()",[20,126349,123294,126350,126352],{},[15,126351,126347],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126354,126355,126356,2996,126358,126360],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126357,3726],{},[15,126359,3795],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[38,126362,2125],{"id":2124},[43,126364,126366],{"className":45,"code":126365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126367,126368,126382,126407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126369,126370,126373,126375,126377,126380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126371,126372],{"class":58},"filename ",[52,126374,63],{"class":62},[52,126376,200],{"class":188},[52,126378,126379],{"class":192},"report.csv",[52,126381,3479],{"class":188},[52,126383,126384,126386,126388,126391,126393,126396,126398,126400,126403,126405],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126385,119],{"class":118},[52,126387,122],{"class":66},[52,126389,126390],{"class":92},"filename",[52,126392,89],{"class":66},[52,126394,126395],{"class":92},"endswith",[52,126397,122],{"class":66},[52,126399,189],{"class":188},[52,126401,126402],{"class":192},".csv",[52,126404,189],{"class":188},[52,126406,2150],{"class":66},[52,126408,126409,126411,126413,126415,126417,126419,126421,126423,126426,126428],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126410,119],{"class":118},[52,126412,122],{"class":66},[52,126414,126390],{"class":92},[52,126416,89],{"class":66},[52,126418,126395],{"class":92},[52,126420,122],{"class":66},[52,126422,189],{"class":188},[52,126424,126425],{"class":192},".txt",[52,126427,189],{"class":188},[52,126429,2150],{"class":66},[20,126431,2193],{},[43,126433,126434],{"className":45,"code":44283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126435,126436,126440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126437,126438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126439,4100],{"class":3971},[52,126441,126442],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126443,4161],{"class":3971},[20,126445,137,126446,5487,126448,2996,126450,126452],{},[15,126447,126347],{},[15,126449,3726],{},[15,126451,3795],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[38,126454,144,126456,147],{"id":126455},"what-endswith-does",[15,126457,126347],{},[20,126459,126460,152],{},[15,126461,126347],{},[154,126463,126464,126467,126473,126476],{},[157,126465,126466],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[157,126468,1335,126469,2996,126471],{},[15,126470,3726],{},[15,126472,3795],{},[157,126474,126475],{},"Does not change the original string",[157,126477,126478],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126480,347],{},[43,126482,126484],{"className":45,"code":126483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126485,126486,126498,126502,126524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126487,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126489,34795],{"class":58},[52,126491,63],{"class":62},[52,126493,200],{"class":188},[52,126495,60515],{"class":192},[52,126497,3479],{"class":188},[52,126499,126500],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126501,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,126503,126504,126506,126508,126510,126512,126514,126516,126518,126520,126522],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126505,119],{"class":118},[52,126507,122],{"class":66},[52,126509,34816],{"class":92},[52,126511,89],{"class":66},[52,126513,126395],{"class":92},[52,126515,122],{"class":66},[52,126517,189],{"class":188},[52,126519,60700],{"class":192},[52,126521,189],{"class":188},[52,126523,2150],{"class":66},[52,126525,126526,126528,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,126527,119],{"class":118},[52,126529,122],{"class":66},[52,126531,34816],{"class":92},[52,126533,89],{"class":66},[52,126535,126395],{"class":92},[52,126537,122],{"class":66},[52,126539,189],{"class":188},[52,126541,3964],{"class":192},[52,126543,189],{"class":188},[52,126545,2150],{"class":66},[20,126547,2193],{},[43,126549,126550],{"className":45,"code":44283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126551,126552,126556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126553,126554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126555,4100],{"class":3971},[52,126557,126558],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126559,4161],{"class":3971},[20,126561,126562,126563,89],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[30,126564,125044],{"href":51084},[38,126566,268],{"id":267},[43,126568,126570],{"className":45,"code":126569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126571,126572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126573,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126575,61283],{"class":58},[52,126577,89],{"class":66},[52,126579,126395],{"class":92},[52,126581,122],{"class":66},[52,126583,126584],{"class":92},"suffix",[52,126586,74],{"class":66},[52,126588,36161],{"class":92},[52,126590,74],{"class":66},[52,126592,65145],{"class":92},[52,126594,127],{"class":66},[154,126596,126597,126602,126609],{},[157,126598,126599,126601],{},[15,126600,126584],{}," is required",[157,126603,126604,668,126606,126608],{},[15,126605,36182],{},[15,126607,52769],{}," are optional",[157,126610,126611,668,126613,126615],{},[15,126612,36182],{},[15,126614,52769],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126617,126618],{},"Basic example:",[43,126620,126622],{"className":45,"code":126621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126623,126624,126636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126625,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126627,126372],{"class":58},[52,126629,63],{"class":62},[52,126631,200],{"class":188},[52,126633,86995],{"class":192},[52,126635,3479],{"class":188},[52,126637,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126656],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126639,119],{"class":118},[52,126641,122],{"class":66},[52,126643,126390],{"class":92},[52,126645,89],{"class":66},[52,126647,126395],{"class":92},[52,126649,122],{"class":66},[52,126651,189],{"class":188},[52,126653,126425],{"class":192},[52,126655,189],{"class":188},[52,126657,2150],{"class":66},[20,126659,2193],{},[43,126661,126662],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126663,126664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126665,126666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126667,4100],{"class":3971},[38,126669,126671],{"id":126670},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1324,126673,126674],{"id":126584},[15,126675,126584],{},[20,126677,126678,30859],{},[15,126679,126584],{},[154,126681,126682,126685],{},[157,126683,126684],{},"A single string",[157,126686,126687],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126689,126690],{},"Single suffix:",[43,126692,126694],{"className":45,"code":126693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126695,126696,126709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126697,126698,126700,126702,126704,126707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126699,7995],{"class":58},[52,126701,63],{"class":62},[52,126703,200],{"class":188},[52,126705,126706],{"class":192},"image.png",[52,126708,3479],{"class":188},[52,126710,126711,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126728,126730],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126712,119],{"class":118},[52,126714,122],{"class":66},[52,126716,7786],{"class":92},[52,126718,89],{"class":66},[52,126720,126395],{"class":92},[52,126722,122],{"class":66},[52,126724,189],{"class":188},[52,126726,126727],{"class":192},".png",[52,126729,189],{"class":188},[52,126731,2150],{"class":66},[20,126733,2193],{},[43,126735,126736],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126737,126738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126739,126740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126741,4100],{"class":3971},[20,126743,126744],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[43,126746,126748],{"className":45,"code":126747,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126749,126750,126762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126751,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126753,7995],{"class":58},[52,126755,63],{"class":62},[52,126757,200],{"class":188},[52,126759,126706],{"class":192},[52,126761,3479],{"class":188},[52,126763,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778,126781,126783,126785,126787,126789,126791,126793,126795,126798,126800],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126765,119],{"class":118},[52,126767,122],{"class":66},[52,126769,7786],{"class":92},[52,126771,89],{"class":66},[52,126773,126395],{"class":92},[52,126775,5629],{"class":66},[52,126777,189],{"class":188},[52,126779,126780],{"class":192},".jpg",[52,126782,189],{"class":188},[52,126784,74],{"class":66},[52,126786,200],{"class":188},[52,126788,126727],{"class":192},[52,126790,189],{"class":188},[52,126792,74],{"class":66},[52,126794,200],{"class":188},[52,126796,126797],{"class":192},".gif",[52,126799,189],{"class":188},[52,126801,3031],{"class":66},[20,126803,2193],{},[43,126805,126806],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126807,126808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126809,126810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126811,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,126813,126814],{"id":36182},[15,126815,36182],{},[20,126817,126818,126820],{},[15,126819,36182],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[43,126822,126824],{"className":45,"code":126823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126825,126826,126839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126827,126828,126830,126832,126834,126837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126829,34795],{"class":58},[52,126831,63],{"class":62},[52,126833,200],{"class":188},[52,126835,126836],{"class":192},"my_report.csv",[52,126838,3479],{"class":188},[52,126840,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855,126857,126859,126861,126863],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126842,119],{"class":118},[52,126844,122],{"class":66},[52,126846,34816],{"class":92},[52,126848,89],{"class":66},[52,126850,126395],{"class":92},[52,126852,122],{"class":66},[52,126854,189],{"class":188},[52,126856,126402],{"class":192},[52,126858,189],{"class":188},[52,126860,74],{"class":66},[52,126862,104],{"class":70},[52,126864,2150],{"class":66},[20,126866,2193],{},[43,126868,126869],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126870,126871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126872,126873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126874,4100],{"class":3971},[20,126876,126877,126878,126880,126881,89],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126879,488],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126882,126883],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1324,126885,126886],{"id":52769},[15,126887,52769],{},[20,126889,126890,126892],{},[15,126891,52769],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[43,126894,126896],{"className":45,"code":126895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126897,126898,126911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126899,126900,126902,126904,126906,126909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126901,34795],{"class":58},[52,126903,63],{"class":62},[52,126905,200],{"class":188},[52,126907,126908],{"class":192},"report.csv backup",[52,126910,3479],{"class":188},[52,126912,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,126914,119],{"class":118},[52,126916,122],{"class":66},[52,126918,34816],{"class":92},[52,126920,89],{"class":66},[52,126922,126395],{"class":92},[52,126924,122],{"class":66},[52,126926,189],{"class":188},[52,126928,126402],{"class":192},[52,126930,189],{"class":188},[52,126932,74],{"class":66},[52,126934,3952],{"class":70},[52,126936,74],{"class":66},[52,126938,6124],{"class":70},[52,126940,2150],{"class":66},[20,126942,2193],{},[43,126944,126945],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126946,126947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126948,126949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126950,4100],{"class":3971},[20,126952,126953,126954,126956],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126955,126883],{}," and ignores the rest.",[38,126958,17533],{"id":17532},[20,126960,126961,25619],{},[15,126962,126347],{},[154,126964,126965,126970],{},[157,126966,126967,126969],{},[15,126968,3726],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[157,126971,126972,126974],{},[15,126973,3795],{}," if it does not",[20,126976,126977,126978,7290],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126979,7115],{},[43,126981,126983],{"className":45,"code":126982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126984,126985,126998,127002,127023,127038,127044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126986,126987,126989,126991,126993,126996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126988,126372],{"class":58},[52,126990,63],{"class":62},[52,126992,200],{"class":188},[52,126994,126995],{"class":192},"data.csv",[52,126997,3479],{"class":188},[52,126999,127000],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127001,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,127003,127004,127006,127009,127011,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127005,7115],{"class":3996},[52,127007,127008],{"class":58}," filename",[52,127010,89],{"class":66},[52,127012,126395],{"class":92},[52,127014,122],{"class":66},[52,127016,189],{"class":188},[52,127018,126402],{"class":192},[52,127020,189],{"class":188},[52,127022,8462],{"class":66},[52,127024,127025,127027,127029,127031,127034,127036],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,127026,8188],{"class":118},[52,127028,122],{"class":66},[52,127030,189],{"class":188},[52,127032,127033],{"class":192},"This is a CSV file.",[52,127035,189],{"class":188},[52,127037,127],{"class":66},[52,127039,127040,127042],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,127041,27544],{"class":3996},[52,127043,6514],{"class":66},[52,127045,127046,127048,127050,127052,127055,127057],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,127047,8188],{"class":118},[52,127049,122],{"class":66},[52,127051,189],{"class":188},[52,127053,127054],{"class":192},"This is not a CSV file.",[52,127056,189],{"class":188},[52,127058,127],{"class":66},[20,127060,2193],{},[43,127062,127064],{"className":45,"code":127063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127065,127066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127067,127068,127070,127072,127074,127077,127079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127069,49987],{"class":58},[52,127071,12310],{"class":62},[52,127073,44654],{"class":58},[52,127075,127076],{"class":34560},"CSV",[52,127078,86736],{"class":86735},[52,127080,122321],{"class":66},[38,127082,127084],{"id":127083},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1324,127086,127088],{"id":127087},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[43,127090,127092],{"className":45,"code":127091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127093,127094,127107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127095,127096,127098,127100,127102,127105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127097,126372],{"class":58},[52,127099,63],{"class":62},[52,127101,200],{"class":188},[52,127103,127104],{"class":192},"sales.csv",[52,127106,3479],{"class":188},[52,127108,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127110,119],{"class":118},[52,127112,122],{"class":66},[52,127114,126390],{"class":92},[52,127116,89],{"class":66},[52,127118,126395],{"class":92},[52,127120,122],{"class":66},[52,127122,189],{"class":188},[52,127124,126402],{"class":192},[52,127126,189],{"class":188},[52,127128,2150],{"class":66},[20,127130,2193],{},[43,127132,127133],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127134,127135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127136,127137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127138,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,127140,127142],{"id":127141},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[43,127144,127146],{"className":45,"code":127145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127147,127148,127162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127149,127150,127153,127155,127157,127160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127151,127152],{"class":58},"url ",[52,127154,63],{"class":62},[52,127156,200],{"class":188},[52,127158,127159],{"class":192},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[52,127161,3479],{"class":188},[52,127163,127164,127166,127168,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127182,127184],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127165,119],{"class":118},[52,127167,122],{"class":66},[52,127169,127170],{"class":92},"url",[52,127172,89],{"class":66},[52,127174,126395],{"class":92},[52,127176,122],{"class":66},[52,127178,189],{"class":188},[52,127180,127181],{"class":192},"\u002F",[52,127183,189],{"class":188},[52,127185,2150],{"class":66},[20,127187,2193],{},[43,127189,127190],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127191,127192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127193,127194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127195,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,127197,127199],{"id":127198},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[43,127201,127203],{"className":45,"code":127202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127204,127205,127218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127206,127207,127209,127211,127213,127216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127208,90107],{"class":58},[52,127210,63],{"class":62},[52,127212,200],{"class":188},[52,127214,127215],{"class":192},"Hello!",[52,127217,3479],{"class":188},[52,127219,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230,127232,127234,127236,127238],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127221,119],{"class":118},[52,127223,122],{"class":66},[52,127225,90124],{"class":92},[52,127227,89],{"class":66},[52,127229,126395],{"class":92},[52,127231,122],{"class":66},[52,127233,189],{"class":188},[52,127235,89948],{"class":192},[52,127237,189],{"class":188},[52,127239,2150],{"class":66},[20,127241,2193],{},[43,127243,127244],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127245,127246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127247,127248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127249,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,127251,127253],{"id":127252},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[43,127255,127257],{"className":45,"code":127256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127258,127259,127272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127260,127261,127263,127265,127267,127270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127262,126372],{"class":58},[52,127264,63],{"class":62},[52,127266,200],{"class":188},[52,127268,127269],{"class":192},"photo.jpg",[52,127271,3479],{"class":188},[52,127273,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127308],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127275,119],{"class":118},[52,127277,122],{"class":66},[52,127279,126390],{"class":92},[52,127281,89],{"class":66},[52,127283,126395],{"class":92},[52,127285,5629],{"class":66},[52,127287,189],{"class":188},[52,127289,126780],{"class":192},[52,127291,189],{"class":188},[52,127293,74],{"class":66},[52,127295,200],{"class":188},[52,127297,126727],{"class":192},[52,127299,189],{"class":188},[52,127301,74],{"class":66},[52,127303,200],{"class":188},[52,127305,126797],{"class":192},[52,127307,189],{"class":188},[52,127309,3031],{"class":66},[20,127311,2193],{},[43,127313,127314],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127315,127316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127317,127318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127319,4100],{"class":3971},[20,127321,127322,127323,89],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[30,127324,127325],{"href":123544},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[38,127327,123936],{"id":123935},[20,127329,127330,123747],{},[15,127331,126347],{},[20,127333,127334,127335,668,127338,127341],{},"That means ",[15,127336,127337],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127339,127340],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[43,127343,127345],{"className":45,"code":127344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127346,127347,127360,127364,127386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127348,127349,127351,127353,127355,127358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127350,126372],{"class":58},[52,127352,63],{"class":62},[52,127354,200],{"class":188},[52,127356,127357],{"class":192},"REPORT.CSV",[52,127359,3479],{"class":188},[52,127361,127362],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127363,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,127365,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127367,119],{"class":118},[52,127369,122],{"class":66},[52,127371,126390],{"class":92},[52,127373,89],{"class":66},[52,127375,126395],{"class":92},[52,127377,122],{"class":66},[52,127379,189],{"class":188},[52,127381,126402],{"class":192},[52,127383,189],{"class":188},[52,127385,2150],{"class":66},[52,127387,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402,127405,127407],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,127389,119],{"class":118},[52,127391,122],{"class":66},[52,127393,126390],{"class":92},[52,127395,89],{"class":66},[52,127397,126395],{"class":92},[52,127399,122],{"class":66},[52,127401,189],{"class":188},[52,127403,127404],{"class":192},".CSV",[52,127406,189],{"class":188},[52,127408,2150],{"class":66},[20,127410,2193],{},[43,127412,127414],{"className":45,"code":127413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127415,127416,127420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127417,127418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127419,4161],{"class":3971},[52,127421,127422],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127423,4100],{"class":3971},[20,127425,127426,127427,89],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[30,127428,127429],{"href":124016},[15,127430,124019],{},[43,127432,127434],{"className":45,"code":127433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127435,127436,127448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127437,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127439,126372],{"class":58},[52,127441,63],{"class":62},[52,127443,200],{"class":188},[52,127445,127357],{"class":192},[52,127447,3479],{"class":188},[52,127449,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127451,119],{"class":118},[52,127453,122],{"class":66},[52,127455,126390],{"class":92},[52,127457,89],{"class":66},[52,127459,8761],{"class":92},[52,127461,8758],{"class":66},[52,127463,126395],{"class":92},[52,127465,122],{"class":66},[52,127467,189],{"class":188},[52,127469,126402],{"class":192},[52,127471,189],{"class":188},[52,127473,2150],{"class":66},[20,127475,2193],{},[43,127477,127478],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127479,127480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127481,127482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127483,4100],{"class":3971},[38,127485,127487],{"id":127486},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127489,127490],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[43,127492,127494],{"className":45,"code":127493,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127495,127496,127509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127497,127498,127500,127502,127504,127507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127499,126372],{"class":58},[52,127501,63],{"class":62},[52,127503,200],{"class":188},[52,127505,127506],{"class":192},"picture.gif",[52,127508,3479],{"class":188},[52,127510,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127512,119],{"class":118},[52,127514,122],{"class":66},[52,127516,126390],{"class":92},[52,127518,89],{"class":66},[52,127520,126395],{"class":92},[52,127522,5629],{"class":66},[52,127524,189],{"class":188},[52,127526,126780],{"class":192},[52,127528,189],{"class":188},[52,127530,74],{"class":66},[52,127532,200],{"class":188},[52,127534,126727],{"class":192},[52,127536,189],{"class":188},[52,127538,74],{"class":66},[52,127540,200],{"class":188},[52,127542,126797],{"class":192},[52,127544,189],{"class":188},[52,127546,3031],{"class":66},[20,127548,2193],{},[43,127550,127551],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127552,127553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127554,127555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127556,4100],{"class":3971},[20,127558,127559],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127561,52189],{},[43,127563,127565],{"className":45,"code":127564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127566,127567,127580,127615,127619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127568,127569,127572,127574,127576,127578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127570,127571],{"class":58},"document ",[52,127573,63],{"class":62},[52,127575,200],{"class":188},[52,127577,86995],{"class":192},[52,127579,3479],{"class":188},[52,127581,127582,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127602,127604,127606,127608,127611,127613],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127583,127584],{"class":58},"allowed ",[52,127586,63],{"class":62},[52,127588,388],{"class":66},[52,127590,189],{"class":188},[52,127592,126425],{"class":192},[52,127594,189],{"class":188},[52,127596,74],{"class":66},[52,127598,200],{"class":188},[52,127600,127601],{"class":192},".md",[52,127603,189],{"class":188},[52,127605,74],{"class":66},[52,127607,200],{"class":188},[52,127609,127610],{"class":192},".docx",[52,127612,189],{"class":188},[52,127614,127],{"class":66},[52,127616,127617],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127618,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,127620,127621,127623,127625,127628,127630,127632,127634,127637],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,127622,119],{"class":118},[52,127624,122],{"class":66},[52,127626,127627],{"class":92},"document",[52,127629,89],{"class":66},[52,127631,126395],{"class":92},[52,127633,122],{"class":66},[52,127635,127636],{"class":92},"allowed",[52,127638,2150],{"class":66},[20,127640,2193],{},[43,127642,127643],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127644,127645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127646,127647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127648,4100],{"class":3971},[20,127650,127651,127652,89],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[30,127653,126289,127655,10859],{"href":127654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127656,127657],{},"startswith()",[38,127659,2948],{"id":2947},[20,127661,8568,127662,89],{},[15,127663,126347],{},[1324,127665,127667],{"id":127666},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127669,4643],{},[43,127671,127673],{"className":45,"code":127672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127674,127675,127687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127676,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127678,126372],{"class":58},[52,127680,63],{"class":62},[52,127682,200],{"class":188},[52,127684,127269],{"class":192},[52,127686,3479],{"class":188},[52,127688,127689],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127690,127691],{"class":133},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127693,127694],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[43,127696,127698],{"className":45,"code":127697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127699,127700,127712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127701,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127703,126372],{"class":58},[52,127705,63],{"class":62},[52,127707,200],{"class":188},[52,127709,127269],{"class":192},[52,127711,3479],{"class":188},[52,127713,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127715,119],{"class":118},[52,127717,122],{"class":66},[52,127719,126390],{"class":92},[52,127721,89],{"class":66},[52,127723,126395],{"class":92},[52,127725,5629],{"class":66},[52,127727,189],{"class":188},[52,127729,126780],{"class":192},[52,127731,189],{"class":188},[52,127733,74],{"class":66},[52,127735,200],{"class":188},[52,127737,126727],{"class":192},[52,127739,189],{"class":188},[52,127741,3031],{"class":66},[1324,127743,127745],{"id":127744},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[43,127747,127749],{"className":45,"code":127748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127750,127751,127763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127752,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127754,126372],{"class":58},[52,127756,63],{"class":62},[52,127758,200],{"class":188},[52,127760,127357],{"class":192},[52,127762,3479],{"class":188},[52,127764,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127766,119],{"class":118},[52,127768,122],{"class":66},[52,127770,126390],{"class":92},[52,127772,89],{"class":66},[52,127774,126395],{"class":92},[52,127776,122],{"class":66},[52,127778,189],{"class":188},[52,127780,126402],{"class":192},[52,127782,189],{"class":188},[52,127784,2150],{"class":66},[20,127786,2193],{},[43,127788,127789],{"className":45,"code":4161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127790,127791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127792,127793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127794,4161],{"class":3971},[20,127796,39368],{},[43,127798,127799],{"className":45,"code":127433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127800,127801,127813],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127802,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127804,126372],{"class":58},[52,127806,63],{"class":62},[52,127808,200],{"class":188},[52,127810,127357],{"class":192},[52,127812,3479],{"class":188},[52,127814,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835,127837],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127816,119],{"class":118},[52,127818,122],{"class":66},[52,127820,126390],{"class":92},[52,127822,89],{"class":66},[52,127824,8761],{"class":92},[52,127826,8758],{"class":66},[52,127828,126395],{"class":92},[52,127830,122],{"class":66},[52,127832,189],{"class":188},[52,127834,126402],{"class":192},[52,127836,189],{"class":188},[52,127838,2150],{"class":66},[1324,127840,37310,127842,8826,127844],{"id":127841},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127843,126347],{},[15,127845,4003],{},[20,127847,127848,127850],{},[15,127849,126347],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[43,127852,127854],{"className":45,"code":127853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127855,127856,127869,127873,127895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127857,127858,127860,127862,127864,127867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127859,34795],{"class":58},[52,127861,63],{"class":62},[52,127863,200],{"class":188},[52,127865,127866],{"class":192},"my_report.csv.backup",[52,127868,3479],{"class":188},[52,127870,127871],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127872,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,127874,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127876,119],{"class":118},[52,127878,122],{"class":66},[52,127880,34816],{"class":92},[52,127882,89],{"class":66},[52,127884,126395],{"class":92},[52,127886,122],{"class":66},[52,127888,189],{"class":188},[52,127890,126402],{"class":192},[52,127892,189],{"class":188},[52,127894,2150],{"class":66},[52,127896,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,127898,119],{"class":118},[52,127900,122],{"class":66},[52,127902,189],{"class":188},[52,127904,126402],{"class":192},[52,127906,189],{"class":188},[52,127908,21284],{"class":3996},[52,127910,42950],{"class":92},[52,127912,127],{"class":66},[20,127914,2193],{},[43,127916,127917],{"className":45,"code":127413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127918,127919,127923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127920,127921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127922,4161],{"class":3971},[52,127924,127925],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127926,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,127928,8574,127930,127932],{"id":127929},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127931,126347],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127934,127935,127937],{},[15,127936,126347],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[43,127939,127941],{"className":45,"code":127940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127942,127943,127955,127977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127944,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127946,126372],{"class":58},[52,127948,63],{"class":62},[52,127950,200],{"class":188},[52,127952,126379],{"class":192},[52,127954,3479],{"class":188},[52,127956,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,127958,119],{"class":118},[52,127960,122],{"class":66},[52,127962,126390],{"class":92},[52,127964,89],{"class":66},[52,127966,126395],{"class":92},[52,127968,122],{"class":66},[52,127970,189],{"class":188},[52,127972,126402],{"class":192},[52,127974,189],{"class":188},[52,127976,2150],{"class":66},[52,127978,127979,127981,127983,127985],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127980,119],{"class":118},[52,127982,122],{"class":66},[52,127984,126390],{"class":92},[52,127986,127],{"class":66},[20,127988,2193],{},[43,127990,127992],{"className":45,"code":127991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127993,127994,127998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127995,127996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127997,4100],{"class":3971},[52,127999,128000,128003,128005],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,128001,128002],{"class":58},"report",[52,128004,89],{"class":66},[52,128006,128007],{"class":24860},"csv\n",[20,128009,128010,128011,89],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[30,128012,128013],{"href":124457},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128015,66168],{},[154,128017,128018,128021,128024,128027],{},[157,128019,128020],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[157,128022,128023],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[157,128025,128026],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[157,128028,8538,128029,1863,128031,2996,128033,111625],{},[15,128030,126347],{},[15,128032,124460],{},[15,128034,41761],{},[20,128036,30246],{},[43,128038,128040],{"className":45,"code":128039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128041,128042,128052,128066,128088,128114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128043,128044,128046,128048,128050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128045,119],{"class":118},[52,128047,122],{"class":66},[52,128049,34816],{"class":92},[52,128051,127],{"class":66},[52,128053,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,128055,119],{"class":118},[52,128057,122],{"class":66},[52,128059,41887],{"class":118},[52,128061,122],{"class":66},[52,128063,34816],{"class":92},[52,128065,2150],{"class":66},[52,128067,128068,128070,128072,128074,128076,128078,128080,128082,128084,128086],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128069,119],{"class":118},[52,128071,122],{"class":66},[52,128073,34816],{"class":92},[52,128075,89],{"class":66},[52,128077,126395],{"class":92},[52,128079,122],{"class":66},[52,128081,3420],{"class":188},[52,128083,126402],{"class":192},[52,128085,3420],{"class":188},[52,128087,2150],{"class":66},[52,128089,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,128091,119],{"class":118},[52,128093,122],{"class":66},[52,128095,34816],{"class":92},[52,128097,89],{"class":66},[52,128099,8761],{"class":92},[52,128101,8758],{"class":66},[52,128103,126395],{"class":92},[52,128105,122],{"class":66},[52,128107,3420],{"class":188},[52,128109,126402],{"class":192},[52,128111,3420],{"class":188},[52,128113,2150],{"class":66},[52,128115,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,128117,119],{"class":118},[52,128119,122],{"class":66},[52,128121,3340],{"class":3020},[52,128123,122],{"class":66},[52,128125,34816],{"class":92},[52,128127,2150],{"class":66},[38,128129,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,128131,1937,128133,128135],{"id":128132},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128134,126347],{}," change the string?",[20,128137,128138,128139,2996,128141,89],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128140,3726],{},[15,128142,3795],{},[1324,128144,5288,128146,128148],{"id":128145},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128147,126347],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128150,128151,128152,89],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128153,128154],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1324,128156,15018,128158,124625],{"id":128157},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128159,126347],{},[20,128161,128162,128163,2996,128165,128168],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128164,124019],{},[15,128166,128167],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1324,128170,1959,128172,668,128174,1964],{"id":128171},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128173,126347],{},[15,128175,124284],{},[20,128177,128178,128180,128181,128183],{},[15,128179,126347],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128182,124284],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[38,128185,1996],{"id":1995},[154,128187,128188,128194,128200,128204,128208],{},[157,128189,128190],{},[30,128191,126289,128192,10859],{"href":127654},[15,128193,127657],{},[157,128195,128196],{},[30,128197,126289,128198,10859],{"href":124016},[15,128199,124019],{},[157,128201,128202],{},[30,128203,124688],{"href":123544},[157,128205,128206],{},[30,128207,124695],{"href":124457},[157,128209,128210],{},[30,128211,125044],{"href":51084},[2044,128213,128214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":128216},[128217,128218,128220,128221,128226,128227,128233,128234,128235,128243,128253],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":126455,"depth":83,"text":128219},"What endswith() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":126670,"depth":83,"text":126671,"children":128222},[128223,128224,128225],{"id":126584,"depth":115,"text":126584},{"id":36182,"depth":115,"text":36182},{"id":52769,"depth":115,"text":52769},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":127083,"depth":83,"text":127084,"children":128228},[128229,128230,128231,128232],{"id":127087,"depth":115,"text":127088},{"id":127141,"depth":115,"text":127142},{"id":127198,"depth":115,"text":127199},{"id":127252,"depth":115,"text":127253},{"id":123935,"depth":83,"text":123936},{"id":127486,"depth":83,"text":127487},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":128236},[128237,128238,128239,128241],{"id":127666,"depth":115,"text":127667},{"id":127744,"depth":115,"text":127745},{"id":127841,"depth":115,"text":128240},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127929,"depth":115,"text":128242},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":128244},[128245,128247,128249,128251],{"id":128132,"depth":115,"text":128246},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128145,"depth":115,"text":128248},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128157,"depth":115,"text":128250},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128171,"depth":115,"text":128252},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126339,"description":128254},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128261,"title":128262,"body":128263,"description":129931,"extension":2083,"meta":129932,"navigation":240,"path":129933,"seo":129934,"stem":129935,"__hash__":129936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128264,"toc":129904},[128265,128270,128275,128280,128285,128378,128388,128393,128398,128413,128415,128497,128505,128507,128509,128536,128538,128554,128561,128563,128671,128673,128678,128694,128696,128791,128799,128802,128808,128813,128818,128825,128964,128967,128980,128982,128986,128993,129063,129066,129115,129122,129129,129143,129148,129153,129199,129245,129261,129263,129268,129282,129285,129407,129412,129414,129419,129452,129455,129531,129533,129542,129556,129559,129643,129646,129757,129760,129788,129790,129797,129801,129807,129810,129816,129819,129826,129837,129843,129850,129852,129901],[10,128266,123289,128268,18],{"id":128267},"python-string-find-method",[15,128269,124284],{},[20,128271,123294,128272,128274],{},[15,128273,124284],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128276,128277,128278,89],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128279,65959],{},[20,128281,137,128282,128284],{},[15,128283,124284],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[43,128286,128288],{"className":45,"code":128287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128289,128290,128302,128325,128338,128342,128365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128291,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128293,34795],{"class":58},[52,128295,63],{"class":62},[52,128297,200],{"class":188},[52,128299,60515],{"class":192},[52,128301,3479],{"class":188},[52,128303,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,128305,65024],{"class":58},[52,128307,63],{"class":62},[52,128309,42950],{"class":58},[52,128311,89],{"class":66},[52,128313,128314],{"class":92},"find",[52,128316,122],{"class":66},[52,128318,189],{"class":188},[52,128320,60700],{"class":192},[52,128322,189],{"class":188},[52,128324,127],{"class":66},[52,128326,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128328,119],{"class":118},[52,128330,122],{"class":66},[52,128332,65051],{"class":92},[52,128334,3782],{"class":66},[52,128336,128337],{"class":133},"   # 6\n",[52,128339,128340],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,128341,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,128343,128344,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,128345,128346],{"class":58},"missing ",[52,128348,63],{"class":62},[52,128350,42950],{"class":58},[52,128352,89],{"class":66},[52,128354,128314],{"class":92},[52,128356,122],{"class":66},[52,128358,189],{"class":188},[52,128360,47],{"class":192},[52,128362,189],{"class":188},[52,128364,127],{"class":66},[52,128366,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,128368,119],{"class":118},[52,128370,122],{"class":66},[52,128372,26883],{"class":92},[52,128374,3782],{"class":66},[52,128376,128377],{"class":133},"    # -1\n",[43689,128379,128380],{},[20,128381,137,128382,128384,128385,128387],{},[15,128383,124284],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128386,65959],{}," if the substring is not found.",[38,128389,144,128391,147],{"id":128390},"what-find-does",[15,128392,124284],{},[20,128394,128395,128397],{},[15,128396,124284],{}," is a string method that:",[154,128399,128400,128403,128406,128411],{},[157,128401,128402],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[157,128404,128405],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[157,128407,1335,128408,128410],{},[15,128409,65959],{}," if no match is found",[157,128412,126475],{},[20,128414,347],{},[43,128416,128418],{"className":45,"code":128417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128419,128420,128432,128436,128460,128484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128421,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128423,34795],{"class":58},[52,128425,63],{"class":62},[52,128427,200],{"class":188},[52,128429,1145],{"class":192},[52,128431,3479],{"class":188},[52,128433,128434],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,128435,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,128437,128438,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128439,119],{"class":118},[52,128441,122],{"class":66},[52,128443,34816],{"class":92},[52,128445,89],{"class":66},[52,128447,128314],{"class":92},[52,128449,122],{"class":66},[52,128451,189],{"class":188},[52,128453,123382],{"class":192},[52,128455,189],{"class":188},[52,128457,5479],{"class":66},[52,128459,57754],{"class":133},[52,128461,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,128463,119],{"class":118},[52,128465,122],{"class":66},[52,128467,34816],{"class":92},[52,128469,89],{"class":66},[52,128471,128314],{"class":92},[52,128473,122],{"class":66},[52,128475,189],{"class":188},[52,128477,930],{"class":192},[52,128479,189],{"class":188},[52,128481,5479],{"class":66},[52,128483,128377],{"class":133},[52,128485,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,128487,119],{"class":118},[52,128489,122],{"class":66},[52,128491,34816],{"class":92},[52,128493,3782],{"class":66},[52,128495,128496],{"class":133},"              # banana\n",[20,128498,20882,128499,128502,128503,89],{},[15,128500,128501],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128504,99],{},[38,128506,268],{"id":267},[20,128508,2282],{},[43,128510,128512],{"className":45,"code":128511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128513,128514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128515,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128517,61283],{"class":58},[52,128519,89],{"class":66},[52,128521,128314],{"class":92},[52,128523,122],{"class":66},[52,128525,2593],{"class":92},[52,128527,74],{"class":66},[52,128529,36161],{"class":92},[52,128531,74],{"class":66},[52,128533,65145],{"class":92},[52,128535,127],{"class":66},[1324,128537,17509],{"id":17508},[154,128539,128540,128544,128549],{},[157,128541,128542,123481],{},[15,128543,2593],{},[157,128545,128546,128548],{},[15,128547,36182],{},": optional starting position",[157,128550,128551,128553],{},[15,128552,52769],{},": optional ending position",[20,128555,128556,668,128558,128560],{},[15,128557,36182],{},[15,128559,52769],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128562,126618],{},[43,128564,128566],{"className":45,"code":128565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128567,128568,128580,128584,128609,128638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128569,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128571,34795],{"class":58},[52,128573,63],{"class":62},[52,128575,200],{"class":188},[52,128577,60515],{"class":192},[52,128579,3479],{"class":188},[52,128581,128582],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,128583,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,128585,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128587,119],{"class":118},[52,128589,122],{"class":66},[52,128591,34816],{"class":92},[52,128593,89],{"class":66},[52,128595,128314],{"class":92},[52,128597,122],{"class":66},[52,128599,189],{"class":188},[52,128601,60582],{"class":192},[52,128603,189],{"class":188},[52,128605,5479],{"class":66},[52,128607,128608],{"class":133},"        # 4\n",[52,128610,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,128612,119],{"class":118},[52,128614,122],{"class":66},[52,128616,34816],{"class":92},[52,128618,89],{"class":66},[52,128620,128314],{"class":92},[52,128622,122],{"class":66},[52,128624,189],{"class":188},[52,128626,60582],{"class":192},[52,128628,189],{"class":188},[52,128630,74],{"class":66},[52,128632,396],{"class":70},[52,128634,5479],{"class":66},[52,128636,128637],{"class":133},"     # 7\n",[52,128639,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,128641,119],{"class":118},[52,128643,122],{"class":66},[52,128645,34816],{"class":92},[52,128647,89],{"class":66},[52,128649,128314],{"class":92},[52,128651,122],{"class":66},[52,128653,189],{"class":188},[52,128655,60582],{"class":192},[52,128657,189],{"class":188},[52,128659,74],{"class":66},[52,128661,396],{"class":70},[52,128663,74],{"class":66},[52,128665,6113],{"class":70},[52,128667,5479],{"class":66},[52,128669,128670],{"class":133},"  # -1\n",[38,128672,38127],{"id":38126},[20,128674,57653,128675,128677],{},[15,128676,124284],{}," is always an integer.",[154,128679,128680,128686,128689],{},[157,128681,128682,128683,128685],{},"A number ",[15,128684,2243],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[157,128687,128688],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[157,128690,128691,128693],{},[15,128692,65959],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128695,347],{},[43,128697,128699],{"className":45,"code":128698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128700,128701,128713,128717,128742,128767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128702,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128704,34795],{"class":58},[52,128706,63],{"class":62},[52,128708,200],{"class":188},[52,128710,47],{"class":192},[52,128712,3479],{"class":188},[52,128714,128715],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,128716,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,128718,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128736,128738,128740],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128720,119],{"class":118},[52,128722,122],{"class":66},[52,128724,34816],{"class":92},[52,128726,89],{"class":66},[52,128728,128314],{"class":92},[52,128730,122],{"class":66},[52,128732,189],{"class":188},[52,128734,128735],{"class":192},"py",[52,128737,189],{"class":188},[52,128739,5479],{"class":66},[52,128741,20879],{"class":133},[52,128743,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128761,128763,128765],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,128745,119],{"class":118},[52,128747,122],{"class":66},[52,128749,34816],{"class":92},[52,128751,89],{"class":66},[52,128753,128314],{"class":92},[52,128755,122],{"class":66},[52,128757,189],{"class":188},[52,128759,128760],{"class":192},"th",[52,128762,189],{"class":188},[52,128764,5479],{"class":66},[52,128766,57754],{"class":133},[52,128768,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,128770,119],{"class":118},[52,128772,122],{"class":66},[52,128774,34816],{"class":92},[52,128776,89],{"class":66},[52,128778,128314],{"class":92},[52,128780,122],{"class":66},[52,128782,189],{"class":188},[52,128784,22186],{"class":192},[52,128786,189],{"class":188},[52,128788,5479],{"class":66},[52,128790,128377],{"class":133},[20,128792,90010,128793,8577,128795,2996,128797,89],{},[15,128794,124284],{},[15,128796,3726],{},[15,128798,3795],{},[20,128800,128801],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[38,128803,8538,128804,668,128806],{"id":65511},[15,128805,36182],{},[15,128807,52769],{},[20,128809,137,128810,128812],{},[15,128811,36182],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128814,137,128815,128817],{},[15,128816,52769],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128819,2100,128820,75566,128822,128824],{},[15,128821,52769],{},[984,128823,65174],{}," in the search.",[43,128826,128828],{"className":45,"code":128827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128829,128830,128843,128847,128871,128900,128932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128831,128832,128834,128836,128838,128841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128833,34795],{"class":58},[52,128835,63],{"class":62},[52,128837,200],{"class":188},[52,128839,128840],{"class":192},"one two three two",[52,128842,3479],{"class":188},[52,128844,128845],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,128846,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,128848,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128850,119],{"class":118},[52,128852,122],{"class":66},[52,128854,34816],{"class":92},[52,128856,89],{"class":66},[52,128858,128314],{"class":92},[52,128860,122],{"class":66},[52,128862,189],{"class":188},[52,128864,79375],{"class":192},[52,128866,189],{"class":188},[52,128868,5479],{"class":66},[52,128870,128608],{"class":133},[52,128872,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,128874,119],{"class":118},[52,128876,122],{"class":66},[52,128878,34816],{"class":92},[52,128880,89],{"class":66},[52,128882,128314],{"class":92},[52,128884,122],{"class":66},[52,128886,189],{"class":188},[52,128888,79375],{"class":192},[52,128890,189],{"class":188},[52,128892,74],{"class":66},[52,128894,396],{"class":70},[52,128896,5479],{"class":66},[52,128898,128899],{"class":133},"     # 14\n",[52,128901,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,128903,119],{"class":118},[52,128905,122],{"class":66},[52,128907,34816],{"class":92},[52,128909,89],{"class":66},[52,128911,128314],{"class":92},[52,128913,122],{"class":66},[52,128915,189],{"class":188},[52,128917,79375],{"class":192},[52,128919,189],{"class":188},[52,128921,74],{"class":66},[52,128923,3952],{"class":70},[52,128925,74],{"class":66},[52,128927,6113],{"class":70},[52,128929,5479],{"class":66},[52,128931,51044],{"class":133},[52,128933,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,128935,119],{"class":118},[52,128937,122],{"class":66},[52,128939,34816],{"class":92},[52,128941,89],{"class":66},[52,128943,128314],{"class":92},[52,128945,122],{"class":66},[52,128947,189],{"class":188},[52,128949,79375],{"class":192},[52,128951,189],{"class":188},[52,128953,74],{"class":66},[52,128955,3952],{"class":70},[52,128957,74],{"class":66},[52,128959,109],{"class":70},[52,128961,5479],{"class":66},[52,128963,128670],{"class":133},[20,128965,128966],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128968,128969,128970,55178,128974,89],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[30,128971,128973],{"href":128972},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[30,128975,128977,128979],{"href":128976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128978,60640],{}," string method",[38,128981,123936],{"id":123935},[20,128983,128984,123747],{},[15,128985,124284],{},[20,128987,127334,128988,668,128990,128992],{},[15,128989,90518],{},[15,128991,64640],{}," are treated as different text.",[43,128994,128996],{"className":45,"code":128995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128997,128998,129011,129015,129039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128999,129000,129002,129004,129006,129009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129001,34795],{"class":58},[52,129003,63],{"class":62},[52,129005,200],{"class":188},[52,129007,129008],{"class":192},"Hello World",[52,129010,3479],{"class":188},[52,129012,129013],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129014,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129016,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129018,119],{"class":118},[52,129020,122],{"class":66},[52,129022,34816],{"class":92},[52,129024,89],{"class":66},[52,129026,128314],{"class":92},[52,129028,122],{"class":66},[52,129030,189],{"class":188},[52,129032,34975],{"class":192},[52,129034,189],{"class":188},[52,129036,5479],{"class":66},[52,129038,51356],{"class":133},[52,129040,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,129042,119],{"class":118},[52,129044,122],{"class":66},[52,129046,34816],{"class":92},[52,129048,89],{"class":66},[52,129050,128314],{"class":92},[52,129052,122],{"class":66},[52,129054,189],{"class":188},[52,129056,3964],{"class":192},[52,129058,189],{"class":188},[52,129060,5479],{"class":66},[52,129062,128670],{"class":133},[20,129064,129065],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[43,129067,129069],{"className":45,"code":129068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129070,129071,129083,129087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129072,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129074,34795],{"class":58},[52,129076,63],{"class":62},[52,129078,200],{"class":188},[52,129080,129008],{"class":192},[52,129082,3479],{"class":188},[52,129084,129085],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129086,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129088,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129090,119],{"class":118},[52,129092,122],{"class":66},[52,129094,34816],{"class":92},[52,129096,89],{"class":66},[52,129098,8761],{"class":92},[52,129100,8758],{"class":66},[52,129102,128314],{"class":92},[52,129104,122],{"class":66},[52,129106,189],{"class":188},[52,129108,3964],{"class":192},[52,129110,189],{"class":188},[52,129112,5479],{"class":66},[52,129114,51356],{"class":133},[38,129116,129118,1083,129120],{"id":129117},"find-vs-index",[15,129119,124284],{},[15,129121,59076],{},[20,129123,129124,668,129126,129128],{},[15,129125,124284],{},[15,129127,59076],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[154,129130,129131,129137],{},[157,129132,129133,442,129135],{},[15,129134,124284],{},[15,129136,65959],{},[157,129138,129139,52604,129141],{},[15,129140,59076],{},[15,129142,40811],{},[20,129144,137,129145,129147],{},[15,129146,124284],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129149,137,129150,129152],{},[15,129151,59076],{}," when the value must exist.",[43,129154,129156],{"className":45,"code":129155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129157,129158,129170,129174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129159,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129161,34795],{"class":58},[52,129163,63],{"class":62},[52,129165,200],{"class":188},[52,129167,3964],{"class":192},[52,129169,3479],{"class":188},[52,129171,129172],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129173,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129175,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129177,119],{"class":118},[52,129179,122],{"class":66},[52,129181,34816],{"class":92},[52,129183,89],{"class":66},[52,129185,128314],{"class":92},[52,129187,122],{"class":66},[52,129189,189],{"class":188},[52,129191,930],{"class":192},[52,129193,189],{"class":188},[52,129195,5479],{"class":66},[52,129197,129198],{"class":133},"   # -1\n",[43,129200,129202],{"className":45,"code":129201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129203,129204,129216,129220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129205,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129207,34795],{"class":58},[52,129209,63],{"class":62},[52,129211,200],{"class":188},[52,129213,3964],{"class":192},[52,129215,3479],{"class":188},[52,129217,129218],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129219,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129221,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129223,119],{"class":118},[52,129225,122],{"class":66},[52,129227,34816],{"class":92},[52,129229,89],{"class":66},[52,129231,35955],{"class":92},[52,129233,122],{"class":66},[52,129235,189],{"class":188},[52,129237,930],{"class":192},[52,129239,189],{"class":188},[52,129241,5479],{"class":66},[52,129243,129244],{"class":133},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129246,129247,129248,129252,129253,129255,129256,89],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[30,129249,129250,128979],{"href":124309},[15,129251,59076],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129254,59076],{},", read ",[30,129257,1781,129258],{"href":73586},[15,129259,129260],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[38,129262,41153],{"id":41152},[20,129264,35514,129265,129267],{},[15,129266,124284],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[154,129269,129270,129273,129276,129279],{},[157,129271,129272],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[157,129274,129275],{},"Get the position of a word",[157,129277,129278],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[157,129280,129281],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129283,129284],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[43,129286,129288],{"className":45,"code":129287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129289,129290,129303,129326,129330,129345,129361,129380,129394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129291,129292,129294,129296,129298,129301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129293,34795],{"class":58},[52,129295,63],{"class":62},[52,129297,200],{"class":188},[52,129299,129300],{"class":192},"name:Alice",[52,129302,3479],{"class":188},[52,129304,129305,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129306,129307],{"class":58},"colon_pos ",[52,129309,63],{"class":62},[52,129311,42950],{"class":58},[52,129313,89],{"class":66},[52,129315,128314],{"class":92},[52,129317,122],{"class":66},[52,129319,189],{"class":188},[52,129321,152],{"class":192},[52,129323,189],{"class":188},[52,129325,127],{"class":66},[52,129327,129328],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129329,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129331,129332,129334,129337,129339,129341,129343],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,129333,7115],{"class":3996},[52,129335,129336],{"class":58}," colon_pos ",[52,129338,72696],{"class":62},[52,129340,2344],{"class":62},[52,129342,71],{"class":70},[52,129344,6514],{"class":66},[52,129346,129347,129350,129352,129354,129356,129359],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,129348,129349],{"class":58},"    label ",[52,129351,63],{"class":62},[52,129353,42950],{"class":58},[52,129355,75639],{"class":66},[52,129357,129358],{"class":58},"colon_pos",[52,129360,3756],{"class":66},[52,129362,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,129364,27511],{"class":58},[52,129366,63],{"class":62},[52,129368,42950],{"class":58},[52,129370,4020],{"class":66},[52,129372,129307],{"class":58},[52,129374,2182],{"class":62},[52,129376,5616],{"class":70},[52,129378,129379],{"class":66},":]\n",[52,129381,129382,129384,129386,129389,129391],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,129383,8188],{"class":118},[52,129385,122],{"class":66},[52,129387,129388],{"class":92},"label",[52,129390,3782],{"class":66},[52,129392,129393],{"class":133},"  # name\n",[52,129395,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,129397,8188],{"class":118},[52,129399,122],{"class":66},[52,129401,2593],{"class":92},[52,129403,3782],{"class":66},[52,129405,129406],{"class":133},"  # Alice\n",[20,129408,129409,129410,89],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[30,129411,127325],{"href":123544},[38,129413,2948],{"id":2947},[20,129415,129416,129417,152],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129418,124284],{},[154,129420,129421,129430,129436,129441,129447],{},[157,129422,8574,129423,8577,129425,2996,129427,129429],{},[15,129424,124284],{},[15,129426,3726],{},[15,129428,3795],{}," instead of an index",[157,129431,129432,129433,129435],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129434,65959],{}," when the substring is missing",[157,129437,8538,129438,129440],{},[15,129439,124284],{}," without handling case differences",[157,129442,37310,129443,8826,129445],{},[15,129444,124284],{},[15,129446,59076],{},[157,129448,4697,129449,129451],{},[15,129450,124284],{}," changes the string",[20,129453,129454],{},"Example of a mistake:",[43,129456,129458],{"className":45,"code":129457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129459,129460,129472,129476,129496,129511,129517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129461,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129463,34795],{"class":58},[52,129465,63],{"class":62},[52,129467,200],{"class":188},[52,129469,3964],{"class":192},[52,129471,3479],{"class":188},[52,129473,129474],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129475,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129477,129478,129480,129482,129484,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129479,7115],{"class":3996},[52,129481,42950],{"class":58},[52,129483,89],{"class":66},[52,129485,128314],{"class":92},[52,129487,122],{"class":66},[52,129489,189],{"class":188},[52,129491,60547],{"class":192},[52,129493,189],{"class":188},[52,129495,8462],{"class":66},[52,129497,129498,129500,129502,129504,129507,129509],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,129499,8188],{"class":118},[52,129501,122],{"class":66},[52,129503,189],{"class":188},[52,129505,129506],{"class":192},"Found",[52,129508,189],{"class":188},[52,129510,127],{"class":66},[52,129512,129513,129515],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,129514,27544],{"class":3996},[52,129516,6514],{"class":66},[52,129518,129519,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,129520,8188],{"class":118},[52,129522,122],{"class":66},[52,129524,189],{"class":188},[52,129526,26425],{"class":192},[52,129528,189],{"class":188},[52,129530,127],{"class":66},[20,129532,99998],{},[43,129534,129536],{"className":45,"code":129535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Not found\n",[15,129537,129538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129539,129540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129541,129535],{"class":58},[20,129543,45812,129544,129547,129548,17186,129550,129552,129553,129555],{},[15,129545,129546],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129549,2243],{},[15,129551,2243],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129554,7115],{}," statement.",[20,129557,129558],{},"A safer version is:",[43,129560,129562],{"className":45,"code":129561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129563,129564,129576,129580,129609,129623,129629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129565,129566,129568,129570,129572,129574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129567,34795],{"class":58},[52,129569,63],{"class":62},[52,129571,200],{"class":188},[52,129573,3964],{"class":192},[52,129575,3479],{"class":188},[52,129577,129578],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129579,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129581,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129603,129605,129607],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129583,7115],{"class":3996},[52,129585,42950],{"class":58},[52,129587,89],{"class":66},[52,129589,128314],{"class":92},[52,129591,122],{"class":66},[52,129593,189],{"class":188},[52,129595,60547],{"class":192},[52,129597,189],{"class":188},[52,129599,3782],{"class":66},[52,129601,129602],{"class":62}," !=",[52,129604,2344],{"class":62},[52,129606,71],{"class":70},[52,129608,6514],{"class":66},[52,129610,129611,129613,129615,129617,129619,129621],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,129612,8188],{"class":118},[52,129614,122],{"class":66},[52,129616,189],{"class":188},[52,129618,129506],{"class":192},[52,129620,189],{"class":188},[52,129622,127],{"class":66},[52,129624,129625,129627],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,129626,27544],{"class":3996},[52,129628,6514],{"class":66},[52,129630,129631,129633,129635,129637,129639,129641],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,129632,8188],{"class":118},[52,129634,122],{"class":66},[52,129636,189],{"class":188},[52,129638,26425],{"class":192},[52,129640,189],{"class":188},[52,129642,127],{"class":66},[20,129644,129645],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[43,129647,129649],{"className":45,"code":129648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129650,129651,129673,129687,129713,129727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129652,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129654,119],{"class":118},[52,129656,122],{"class":66},[52,129658,34816],{"class":92},[52,129660,89],{"class":66},[52,129662,128314],{"class":92},[52,129664,122],{"class":66},[52,129666,3420],{"class":188},[52,129668,38497],{"class":192},[52,129670,3420],{"class":188},[52,129672,2150],{"class":66},[52,129674,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129676,119],{"class":118},[52,129678,122],{"class":66},[52,129680,41887],{"class":118},[52,129682,122],{"class":66},[52,129684,34816],{"class":92},[52,129686,2150],{"class":66},[52,129688,129689,129691,129693,129695,129697,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129690,119],{"class":118},[52,129692,122],{"class":66},[52,129694,34816],{"class":92},[52,129696,89],{"class":66},[52,129698,8761],{"class":92},[52,129700,8758],{"class":66},[52,129702,128314],{"class":92},[52,129704,122],{"class":66},[52,129706,3420],{"class":188},[52,129708,38497],{"class":192},[52,129710,3420],{"class":188},[52,129712,2150],{"class":66},[52,129714,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,129716,119],{"class":118},[52,129718,122],{"class":66},[52,129720,11279],{"class":118},[52,129722,122],{"class":66},[52,129724,34816],{"class":92},[52,129726,2150],{"class":66},[52,129728,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,129730,119],{"class":118},[52,129732,122],{"class":66},[52,129734,34816],{"class":92},[52,129736,89],{"class":66},[52,129738,128314],{"class":92},[52,129740,122],{"class":66},[52,129742,3420],{"class":188},[52,129744,38497],{"class":192},[52,129746,3420],{"class":188},[52,129748,74],{"class":66},[52,129750,36161],{"class":92},[52,129752,74],{"class":66},[52,129754,65145],{"class":92},[52,129756,2150],{"class":66},[20,129758,129759],{},"These help you check:",[154,129761,129762,129767,129772,129777,129780],{},[157,129763,129764,129765],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129766,124284],{},[157,129768,129769,129770],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129771,122503],{},[157,129773,129774,129775],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129776,124019],{},[157,129778,129779],{},"The string length",[157,129781,129782,129783,668,129785,129787],{},"Whether your ",[15,129784,36182],{},[15,129786,52769],{}," values are correct",[38,129789,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,129791,129793,129794,129796],{"id":129792},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129795,124284],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129798,5266,129799,89],{},[15,129800,65959],{},[1324,129802,1937,129804,129806],{"id":129803},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129805,124284],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129808,129809],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1324,129811,129813,129814,124625],{"id":129812},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129815,124284],{},[20,129817,129818],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1324,129820,1959,129822,668,129824,69759],{"id":129821},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129823,124284],{},[15,129825,59076],{},[20,129827,129828,442,129830,129832,129833,52604,129835,89],{},[15,129829,124284],{},[15,129831,65959],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129834,59076],{},[15,129836,40811],{},[1324,129838,1949,129840,129842],{"id":129839},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129841,124284],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129844,129845,129846,668,129848,66258],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129847,36182],{},[15,129849,52769],{},[38,129851,1996],{"id":1995},[154,129853,129854,129860,129866,129873,129879,129886,129890,129895],{},[157,129855,129856],{},[30,129857,126289,129858,10859],{"href":124309},[15,129859,59076],{},[157,129861,129862],{},[30,129863,126289,129864,10859],{"href":128976},[15,129865,60640],{},[157,129867,129868],{},[30,129869,126289,129871,10859],{"href":129870},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129872,124460],{},[157,129874,129875],{},[30,129876,126289,129877,10859],{"href":127654},[15,129878,127657],{},[157,129880,129881],{},[30,129882,126289,129884,10859],{"href":129883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129885,126347],{},[157,129887,129888],{},[30,129889,124688],{"href":123544},[157,129891,129892],{},[30,129893,129894],{"href":128972},"How to split a string in Python",[157,129896,129897],{},[30,129898,26232,129899],{"href":73586},[15,129900,129260],{},[2044,129902,129903],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":129905},[129906,129908,129911,129912,129913,129914,129916,129917,129918,129930],{"id":128390,"depth":83,"text":129907},"What find() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":129909},[129910],{"id":17508,"depth":115,"text":17509},{"id":38126,"depth":83,"text":38127},{"id":65511,"depth":83,"text":66294},{"id":123935,"depth":83,"text":123936},{"id":129117,"depth":83,"text":129915},"find() vs index()",{"id":41152,"depth":83,"text":41153},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":129919},[129920,129922,129924,129926,129928],{"id":129792,"depth":115,"text":129921},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129803,"depth":115,"text":129923},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129812,"depth":115,"text":129925},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129821,"depth":115,"text":129927},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129839,"depth":115,"text":129929},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128262,"description":129931},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129938,"title":129939,"body":129940,"description":131866,"extension":2083,"meta":131867,"navigation":240,"path":131868,"seo":131869,"stem":131870,"__hash__":131871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129941,"toc":131834},[129942,129947,129952,129955,129957,130033,130037,130065,130073,130077,130082,130086,130103,130105,130172,130176,130198,130206,130208,130211,130235,130238,130252,130254,130339,130343,130355,130358,130362,130368,130418,130422,130439,130448,130451,130459,130462,130511,130515,130540,130543,130598,130602,130614,130620,130624,130630,130635,130702,130706,130732,130735,130746,130748,130815,130819,130844,130851,130855,130860,130867,130875,130877,130929,130933,130951,130953,130998,131002,131017,131020,131030,131037,131039,131043,131046,131057,131059,131119,131123,131151,131154,131160,131165,131168,131172,131216,131219,131257,131260,131268,131270,131275,131279,131282,131330,131333,131336,131392,131396,131401,131404,131453,131455,131504,131510,131515,131517,131564,131568,131581,131583,131634,131640,131643,131647,131650,131656,131661,131663,131666,131738,131741,131758,131760,131765,131768,131772,131778,131784,131791,131797,131803,131805,131831],[10,129943,123289,129945,18],{"id":129944},"python-string-format-method",[15,129946,126292],{},[20,129948,123294,129949,129951],{},[15,129950,126292],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129953,129954],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[38,129956,2125],{"id":2124},[43,129958,129960],{"className":45,"code":129959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129961,129962,129974,129982,129986,130023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129963,129964,129966,129968,129970,129972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129965,7995],{"class":58},[52,129967,63],{"class":62},[52,129969,200],{"class":188},[52,129971,11626],{"class":192},[52,129973,3479],{"class":188},[52,129975,129976,129978,129980],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,129977,21739],{"class":58},[52,129979,63],{"class":62},[52,129981,88899],{"class":70},[52,129983,129984],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129985,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,129987,129988,129990,129992,129994,129997,129999,130002,130004,130006,130008,130010,130013,130015,130017,130019,130021],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,129989,90107],{"class":58},[52,129991,63],{"class":62},[52,129993,200],{"class":188},[52,129995,129996],{"class":192},"My name is ",[52,129998,3911],{"class":70},[52,130000,130001],{"class":192}," and I am ",[52,130003,3911],{"class":70},[52,130005,122285],{"class":192},[52,130007,189],{"class":188},[52,130009,89],{"class":66},[52,130011,130012],{"class":92},"format",[52,130014,122],{"class":66},[52,130016,7786],{"class":92},[52,130018,74],{"class":66},[52,130020,9311],{"class":92},[52,130022,127],{"class":66},[52,130024,130025,130027,130029,130031],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,130026,119],{"class":118},[52,130028,122],{"class":66},[52,130030,90124],{"class":92},[52,130032,127],{"class":66},[20,130034,130035],{},[984,130036,2193],{},[43,130038,130040],{"className":45,"code":130039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130041,130042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130043,130044,130047,130049,130052,130055,130058,130061,130063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130045,130046],{"class":58},"My name ",[52,130048,12310],{"class":62},[52,130050,130051],{"class":58}," Maya ",[52,130053,130054],{"class":62},"and",[52,130056,130057],{"class":58}," I am ",[52,130059,130060],{"class":70},"12",[52,130062,122318],{"class":58},[52,130064,122321],{"class":66},[20,130066,137,130067,130069,130070,130072],{},[15,130068,3911],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130071,126292],{}," in the same order.",[20,130074,125041,130075,89],{},[30,130076,125044],{"href":51084},[38,130078,13113,130080,13116],{"id":130079},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130081,126292],{},[20,130083,2100,130084,11530],{},[15,130085,126292],{},[154,130087,130088,130091,130097,130100],{},[157,130089,130090],{},"inserts values into a string",[157,130092,130093,130094,130096],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130095,3911],{}," with given values",[157,130098,130099],{},"returns a new string",[157,130101,130102],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130104,347],{},[43,130106,130108],{"className":45,"code":130107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130109,130110,130124,130147,130151,130162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130111,130112,130114,130116,130118,130120,130122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130113,34795],{"class":58},[52,130115,63],{"class":62},[52,130117,200],{"class":188},[52,130119,45010],{"class":192},[52,130121,3911],{"class":70},[52,130123,3479],{"class":188},[52,130125,130126,130129,130131,130133,130135,130137,130139,130141,130143,130145],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130127,130128],{"class":58},"new_text ",[52,130130,63],{"class":62},[52,130132,42950],{"class":58},[52,130134,89],{"class":66},[52,130136,130012],{"class":92},[52,130138,122],{"class":66},[52,130140,189],{"class":188},[52,130142,7795],{"class":192},[52,130144,189],{"class":188},[52,130146,127],{"class":66},[52,130148,130149],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,130150,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,130152,130153,130155,130157,130160],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,130154,119],{"class":118},[52,130156,122],{"class":66},[52,130158,130159],{"class":92},"new_text",[52,130161,127],{"class":66},[52,130163,130164,130166,130168,130170],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,130165,119],{"class":118},[52,130167,122],{"class":66},[52,130169,34816],{"class":92},[52,130171,127],{"class":66},[20,130173,130174],{},[984,130175,2193],{},[43,130177,130179],{"className":45,"code":130178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130180,130181,130190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130182,130183,130185,130187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130184,34975],{"class":58},[52,130186,74],{"class":66},[52,130188,130189],{"class":58}," Sam\n",[52,130191,130192,130194,130196],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130193,34975],{"class":58},[52,130195,74],{"class":66},[52,130197,9957],{"class":66},[20,130199,2407,130200,130202,130203,130205],{},[15,130201,34816],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130204,126292],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[38,130207,268],{"id":267},[20,130209,130210],{},"The general form is:",[43,130212,130214],{"className":45,"code":130213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130215,130216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130217,130218,130220,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130219,189],{"class":43437},[52,130221,130222],{"class":43441},"text {}",[52,130224,189],{"class":43437},[52,130226,89],{"class":66},[52,130228,130012],{"class":92},[52,130230,122],{"class":66},[52,130232,2593],{"class":92},[52,130234,127],{"class":66},[20,130236,130237],{},"Key idea:",[154,130239,130240,130246,130249],{},[157,130241,130242,130243,130245],{},"each ",[15,130244,3911],{}," is a placeholder",[157,130247,130248],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[157,130250,130251],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130253,347],{},[43,130255,130257],{"className":45,"code":130256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130258,130259,130272,130286,130290,130328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130260,130261,130264,130266,130268,130270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130262,130263],{"class":58},"animal ",[52,130265,63],{"class":62},[52,130267,200],{"class":188},[52,130269,950],{"class":192},[52,130271,3479],{"class":188},[52,130273,130274,130277,130279,130281,130284],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130275,130276],{"class":58},"sound ",[52,130278,63],{"class":62},[52,130280,200],{"class":188},[52,130282,130283],{"class":192},"meow",[52,130285,3479],{"class":188},[52,130287,130288],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,130289,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,130291,130292,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130321,130323,130326],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,130293,130294],{"class":58},"sentence ",[52,130296,63],{"class":62},[52,130298,200],{"class":188},[52,130300,2100],{"class":192},[52,130302,3911],{"class":70},[52,130304,130305],{"class":192}," says ",[52,130307,3911],{"class":70},[52,130309,89],{"class":192},[52,130311,189],{"class":188},[52,130313,89],{"class":66},[52,130315,130012],{"class":92},[52,130317,122],{"class":66},[52,130319,130320],{"class":92},"animal",[52,130322,74],{"class":66},[52,130324,130325],{"class":92}," sound",[52,130327,127],{"class":66},[52,130329,130330,130332,130334,130337],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,130331,119],{"class":118},[52,130333,122],{"class":66},[52,130335,130336],{"class":92},"sentence",[52,130338,127],{"class":66},[20,130340,130341],{},[984,130342,2193],{},[43,130344,130346],{"className":45,"code":130345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130347,130348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130349,130350,130353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130351,130352],{"class":58},"The cat says meow",[52,130354,122321],{"class":66},[20,130356,130357],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[38,130359,130361],{"id":130360},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130363,130364,130365,130367],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130366,3911],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[43,130369,130371],{"className":45,"code":130370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130372,130373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130374,130375,130377,130379,130381,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402,130405,130407,130409,130411,130414,130416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130376,119],{"class":118},[52,130378,122],{"class":66},[52,130380,189],{"class":188},[52,130382,130383],{"class":192},"I like ",[52,130385,3911],{"class":70},[52,130387,668],{"class":192},[52,130389,3911],{"class":70},[52,130391,89],{"class":192},[52,130393,189],{"class":188},[52,130395,89],{"class":66},[52,130397,130012],{"class":92},[52,130399,122],{"class":66},[52,130401,189],{"class":188},[52,130403,130404],{"class":192},"pizza",[52,130406,189],{"class":188},[52,130408,74],{"class":66},[52,130410,200],{"class":188},[52,130412,130413],{"class":192},"pasta",[52,130415,189],{"class":188},[52,130417,2150],{"class":66},[20,130419,130420],{},[984,130421,2193],{},[43,130423,130425],{"className":45,"code":130424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130426,130427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130428,130429,130432,130434,130437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130430,130431],{"class":58},"I like pizza ",[52,130433,130054],{"class":62},[52,130435,130436],{"class":58}," pasta",[52,130438,122321],{"class":66},[20,130440,130441,130442,668,130445,89],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130443,130444],{},"{0}",[15,130446,130447],{},"{1}",[20,130449,130450],{},"This is helpful when:",[154,130452,130453,130456],{},[157,130454,130455],{},"you want to reuse a value",[157,130457,130458],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130460,130461],{},"Example with reused values:",[43,130463,130465],{"className":45,"code":130464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130466,130467,130501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130468,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130480,130482,130485,130487,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130470,34795],{"class":58},[52,130472,63],{"class":62},[52,130474,200],{"class":188},[52,130476,130444],{"class":70},[52,130478,130479],{"class":192}," is learning Python. ",[52,130481,130444],{"class":70},[52,130483,130484],{"class":192}," likes coding.",[52,130486,189],{"class":188},[52,130488,89],{"class":66},[52,130490,130012],{"class":92},[52,130492,122],{"class":66},[52,130494,189],{"class":188},[52,130496,19993],{"class":192},[52,130498,189],{"class":188},[52,130500,127],{"class":66},[52,130502,130503,130505,130507,130509],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130504,119],{"class":118},[52,130506,122],{"class":66},[52,130508,34816],{"class":92},[52,130510,127],{"class":66},[20,130512,130513],{},[984,130514,2193],{},[43,130516,130518],{"className":45,"code":130517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130519,130520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130521,130522,130525,130527,130530,130532,130535,130538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130523,130524],{"class":58},"Lina ",[52,130526,12310],{"class":62},[52,130528,130529],{"class":58}," learning Python",[52,130531,89],{"class":66},[52,130533,130534],{"class":24860}," Lina",[52,130536,130537],{"class":58}," likes coding",[52,130539,122321],{"class":66},[20,130541,130542],{},"Example with changed order:",[43,130544,130546],{"className":45,"code":130545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130547,130548,130588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130549,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584,130586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130551,34795],{"class":58},[52,130553,63],{"class":62},[52,130555,200],{"class":188},[52,130557,130447],{"class":70},[52,130559,83426],{"class":192},[52,130561,130444],{"class":70},[52,130563,89],{"class":192},[52,130565,189],{"class":188},[52,130567,89],{"class":66},[52,130569,130012],{"class":92},[52,130571,122],{"class":66},[52,130573,189],{"class":188},[52,130575,6703],{"class":192},[52,130577,189],{"class":188},[52,130579,74],{"class":66},[52,130581,200],{"class":188},[52,130583,79375],{"class":192},[52,130585,189],{"class":188},[52,130587,127],{"class":66},[52,130589,130590,130592,130594,130596],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130591,119],{"class":118},[52,130593,122],{"class":66},[52,130595,34816],{"class":92},[52,130597,127],{"class":66},[20,130599,130600],{},[984,130601,2193],{},[43,130603,130605],{"className":45,"code":130604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130606,130607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130608,130609,130612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130610,130611],{"class":58},"two comes after one",[52,130613,122321],{"class":66},[20,130615,130616,130617,130619],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130618,3911],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[38,130621,130623],{"id":130622},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130625,130626,130627,89],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130628,130629],{},"{name}",[20,130631,130632,130633,152],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130634,126292],{},[43,130636,130638],{"className":45,"code":130637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130639,130640,130692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130641,130642,130644,130646,130648,130650,130652,130655,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130643,34795],{"class":58},[52,130645,63],{"class":62},[52,130647,200],{"class":188},[52,130649,129996],{"class":192},[52,130651,130629],{"class":70},[52,130653,130654],{"class":192}," and I live in ",[52,130656,130657],{"class":70},"{city}",[52,130659,89],{"class":192},[52,130661,189],{"class":188},[52,130663,89],{"class":66},[52,130665,130012],{"class":92},[52,130667,122],{"class":66},[52,130669,7786],{"class":9298},[52,130671,63],{"class":62},[52,130673,189],{"class":188},[52,130675,12997],{"class":192},[52,130677,189],{"class":188},[52,130679,74],{"class":66},[52,130681,31494],{"class":9298},[52,130683,63],{"class":62},[52,130685,189],{"class":188},[52,130687,16144],{"class":192},[52,130689,189],{"class":188},[52,130691,127],{"class":66},[52,130693,130694,130696,130698,130700],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130695,119],{"class":118},[52,130697,122],{"class":66},[52,130699,34816],{"class":92},[52,130701,127],{"class":66},[20,130703,130704],{},[984,130705,2193],{},[43,130707,130709],{"className":45,"code":130708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130710,130711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130712,130713,130715,130717,130720,130722,130725,130727,130730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130714,130046],{"class":58},[52,130716,12310],{"class":62},[52,130718,130719],{"class":58}," Ana ",[52,130721,130054],{"class":62},[52,130723,130724],{"class":58}," I live ",[52,130726,4003],{"class":62},[52,130728,130729],{"class":58}," Lima",[52,130731,122321],{"class":66},[20,130733,130734],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[154,130736,130737,130740,130743],{},[157,130738,130739],{},"they make code easier to read",[157,130741,130742],{},"they help when a string has many values",[157,130744,130745],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130747,347],{},[43,130749,130751],{"className":45,"code":130750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130752,130753,130805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130754,130755,130758,130760,130762,130765,130768,130771,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786,130788,130791,130793,130795,130798,130800,130803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130756,130757],{"class":58},"report ",[52,130759,63],{"class":62},[52,130761,200],{"class":188},[52,130763,130764],{"class":192},"Student: ",[52,130766,130767],{"class":70},"{student}",[52,130769,130770],{"class":192},", Score: ",[52,130772,130773],{"class":70},"{score}",[52,130775,189],{"class":188},[52,130777,89],{"class":66},[52,130779,130012],{"class":92},[52,130781,122],{"class":66},[52,130783,13741],{"class":9298},[52,130785,63],{"class":62},[52,130787,189],{"class":188},[52,130789,130790],{"class":192},"Noah",[52,130792,189],{"class":188},[52,130794,74],{"class":66},[52,130796,130797],{"class":9298}," score",[52,130799,63],{"class":62},[52,130801,130802],{"class":70},"95",[52,130804,127],{"class":66},[52,130806,130807,130809,130811,130813],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130808,119],{"class":118},[52,130810,122],{"class":66},[52,130812,128002],{"class":92},[52,130814,127],{"class":66},[20,130816,130817],{},[984,130818,2193],{},[43,130820,130822],{"className":45,"code":130821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130823,130824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130825,130826,130829,130831,130834,130836,130839,130841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130827,130828],{"class":58},"Student",[52,130830,152],{"class":66},[52,130832,130833],{"class":58}," Noah",[52,130835,74],{"class":66},[52,130837,130838],{"class":58}," Score",[52,130840,152],{"class":66},[52,130842,130843],{"class":70}," 95\n",[20,130845,130846,130847,89],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[30,130848,3697,130849,3630],{"href":42283},[15,130850,47791],{},[38,130852,130854],{"id":130853},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130856,130857,130859],{},[15,130858,126292],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130861,130862,130863,130866],{},"A common example is ",[15,130864,130865],{},":.2f",", which means:",[154,130868,130869,130872],{},[157,130870,130871],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[157,130873,130874],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130876,347],{},[43,130878,130880],{"className":45,"code":130879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130881,130882,130890,130919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130883,130884,130886,130888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130885,40494],{"class":58},[52,130887,63],{"class":62},[52,130889,49384],{"class":70},[52,130891,130892,130894,130896,130898,130901,130903,130905,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130893,34795],{"class":58},[52,130895,63],{"class":62},[52,130897,200],{"class":188},[52,130899,130900],{"class":192},"Price: $",[52,130902,9399],{"class":70},[52,130904,130865],{"class":2187},[52,130906,22412],{"class":70},[52,130908,189],{"class":188},[52,130910,89],{"class":66},[52,130912,130012],{"class":92},[52,130914,122],{"class":66},[52,130916,25260],{"class":92},[52,130918,127],{"class":66},[52,130920,130921,130923,130925,130927],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,130922,119],{"class":118},[52,130924,122],{"class":66},[52,130926,34816],{"class":92},[52,130928,127],{"class":66},[20,130930,130931],{},[984,130932,2193],{},[43,130934,130936],{"className":45,"code":130935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130937,130938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130939,130940,130943,130945,130948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130941,130942],{"class":58},"Price",[52,130944,152],{"class":66},[52,130946,130947],{"class":37473}," $",[52,130949,130950],{"class":70},"3.50\n",[20,130952,52189],{},[43,130954,130956],{"className":45,"code":130955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130957,130958,130968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130959,130960,130963,130965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130961,130962],{"class":58},"average ",[52,130964,63],{"class":62},[52,130966,130967],{"class":70}," 91.236\n",[52,130969,130970,130972,130974,130976,130979,130981,130983,130985,130987,130989,130991,130993,130996],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,130971,119],{"class":118},[52,130973,122],{"class":66},[52,130975,189],{"class":188},[52,130977,130978],{"class":192},"Average: ",[52,130980,9399],{"class":70},[52,130982,130865],{"class":2187},[52,130984,22412],{"class":70},[52,130986,189],{"class":188},[52,130988,89],{"class":66},[52,130990,130012],{"class":92},[52,130992,122],{"class":66},[52,130994,130995],{"class":92},"average",[52,130997,2150],{"class":66},[20,130999,131000],{},[984,131001,2193],{},[43,131003,131005],{"className":45,"code":131004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131006,131007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131008,131009,131012,131014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131010,131011],{"class":58},"Average",[52,131013,152],{"class":66},[52,131015,131016],{"class":70}," 91.24\n",[20,131018,131019],{},"This is useful for:",[154,131021,131022,131024,131027],{},[157,131023,83185],{},[157,131025,131026],{},"averages",[157,131028,131029],{},"percentages",[20,131031,131032,131033,89],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[30,131034,3697,131035,2424],{"href":46556},[15,131036,46559],{},[38,131038,17533],{"id":17532},[20,131040,131041,92621],{},[15,131042,126292],{},[20,131044,131045],{},"That means you can:",[154,131047,131048,131051,131054],{},[157,131049,131050],{},"save it in a variable",[157,131052,131053],{},"print it directly",[157,131055,131056],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131058,347],{},[43,131060,131062],{"className":45,"code":131061,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131063,131064,131095,131105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131065,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088,131091,131093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131067,90107],{"class":58},[52,131069,63],{"class":62},[52,131071,200],{"class":188},[52,131073,45010],{"class":192},[52,131075,3911],{"class":70},[52,131077,89948],{"class":192},[52,131079,189],{"class":188},[52,131081,89],{"class":66},[52,131083,130012],{"class":92},[52,131085,122],{"class":66},[52,131087,189],{"class":188},[52,131089,131090],{"class":192},"Chris",[52,131092,189],{"class":188},[52,131094,127],{"class":66},[52,131096,131097,131099,131101,131103],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131098,119],{"class":118},[52,131100,122],{"class":66},[52,131102,90124],{"class":92},[52,131104,127],{"class":66},[52,131106,131107,131109,131111,131113,131115,131117],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131108,119],{"class":118},[52,131110,122],{"class":66},[52,131112,3340],{"class":3020},[52,131114,122],{"class":66},[52,131116,90124],{"class":92},[52,131118,2150],{"class":66},[20,131120,131121],{},[984,131122,2193],{},[43,131124,131126],{"className":45,"code":131125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131127,131128,131137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131129,131130,131132,131134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131131,34975],{"class":58},[52,131133,74],{"class":66},[52,131135,131136],{"class":58}," Chris!\n",[52,131138,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131140,3409],{"class":62},[52,131142,3412],{"class":2187},[52,131144,3415],{"class":188},[52,131146,3564],{"class":192},[52,131148,3420],{"class":188},[52,131150,3423],{"class":62},[20,131152,131153],{},"The original string is not changed.",[38,131155,131157,131159],{"id":131156},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131158,126292],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131161,131162,131164],{},[15,131163,126292],{}," is a string method.",[20,131166,131167],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131169,1104,131170,152],{},[15,131171,126292],{},[43,131173,131175],{"className":45,"code":131174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131176,131177,131190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131178,131179,131181,131183,131185,131188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131180,7995],{"class":58},[52,131182,63],{"class":62},[52,131184,200],{"class":188},[52,131186,131187],{"class":192},"Rita",[52,131189,3479],{"class":188},[52,131191,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131193,119],{"class":118},[52,131195,122],{"class":66},[52,131197,189],{"class":188},[52,131199,45010],{"class":192},[52,131201,3911],{"class":70},[52,131203,89948],{"class":192},[52,131205,189],{"class":188},[52,131207,89],{"class":66},[52,131209,130012],{"class":92},[52,131211,122],{"class":66},[52,131213,7786],{"class":92},[52,131215,2150],{"class":66},[20,131217,131218],{},"Example with an f-string:",[43,131220,131222],{"className":45,"code":131221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131223,131224,131236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131225,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131227,7995],{"class":58},[52,131229,63],{"class":62},[52,131231,200],{"class":188},[52,131233,131187],{"class":192},[52,131235,3479],{"class":188},[52,131237,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131255],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131239,119],{"class":118},[52,131241,122],{"class":66},[52,131243,22403],{"class":2187},[52,131245,43455],{"class":192},[52,131247,9399],{"class":70},[52,131249,7786],{"class":92},[52,131251,22412],{"class":70},[52,131253,131254],{"class":192},"!\"",[52,131256,127],{"class":66},[20,131258,131259],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131261,131262,131263,131265,131266,89],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131264,126292],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[30,131267,89793],{"href":89792},[38,131269,2948],{"id":2947},[20,131271,131272,131273,89],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131274,126292],{},[1324,131276,131278],{"id":131277},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131280,131281],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[43,131283,131285],{"className":45,"code":131284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131286,131287,131320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131288,131289,131291,131293,131295,131297,131299,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131290,34795],{"class":58},[52,131292,63],{"class":62},[52,131294,200],{"class":188},[52,131296,45010],{"class":192},[52,131298,3911],{"class":70},[52,131300,131301],{"class":70}," {}",[52,131303,89948],{"class":192},[52,131305,189],{"class":188},[52,131307,89],{"class":66},[52,131309,130012],{"class":92},[52,131311,122],{"class":66},[52,131313,189],{"class":188},[52,131315,7795],{"class":192},[52,131317,189],{"class":188},[52,131319,127],{"class":66},[52,131321,131322,131324,131326,131328],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131323,119],{"class":118},[52,131325,122],{"class":66},[52,131327,34816],{"class":92},[52,131329,127],{"class":66},[20,131331,131332],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131334,131335],{},"Fixed version:",[43,131337,131339],{"className":45,"code":131338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131340,131341,131382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131342,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131378,131380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131344,34795],{"class":58},[52,131346,63],{"class":62},[52,131348,200],{"class":188},[52,131350,45010],{"class":192},[52,131352,3911],{"class":70},[52,131354,131301],{"class":70},[52,131356,89948],{"class":192},[52,131358,189],{"class":188},[52,131360,89],{"class":66},[52,131362,130012],{"class":92},[52,131364,122],{"class":66},[52,131366,189],{"class":188},[52,131368,7795],{"class":192},[52,131370,189],{"class":188},[52,131372,74],{"class":66},[52,131374,200],{"class":188},[52,131376,131377],{"class":192},"Lee",[52,131379,189],{"class":188},[52,131381,127],{"class":66},[52,131383,131384,131386,131388,131390],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131385,119],{"class":118},[52,131387,122],{"class":66},[52,131389,34816],{"class":92},[52,131391,127],{"class":66},[1324,131393,131395],{"id":131394},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131397,131398,131399,89],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131400,126292],{},[20,131402,131403],{},"Problem:",[43,131405,131407],{"className":45,"code":131406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131408,131409,131443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131410,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131412,34795],{"class":58},[52,131414,63],{"class":62},[52,131416,200],{"class":188},[52,131418,45010],{"class":192},[52,131420,130629],{"class":70},[52,131422,89948],{"class":192},[52,131424,189],{"class":188},[52,131426,89],{"class":66},[52,131428,130012],{"class":92},[52,131430,122],{"class":66},[52,131432,8104],{"class":9298},[52,131434,63],{"class":62},[52,131436,189],{"class":188},[52,131438,7795],{"class":192},[52,131440,189],{"class":188},[52,131442,127],{"class":66},[52,131444,131445,131447,131449,131451],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131446,119],{"class":118},[52,131448,122],{"class":66},[52,131450,34816],{"class":92},[52,131452,127],{"class":66},[20,131454,131335],{},[43,131456,131458],{"className":45,"code":131457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131459,131460,131494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131461,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131463,34795],{"class":58},[52,131465,63],{"class":62},[52,131467,200],{"class":188},[52,131469,45010],{"class":192},[52,131471,130629],{"class":70},[52,131473,89948],{"class":192},[52,131475,189],{"class":188},[52,131477,89],{"class":66},[52,131479,130012],{"class":92},[52,131481,122],{"class":66},[52,131483,7786],{"class":9298},[52,131485,63],{"class":62},[52,131487,189],{"class":188},[52,131489,7795],{"class":192},[52,131491,189],{"class":188},[52,131493,127],{"class":66},[52,131495,131496,131498,131500,131502],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131497,119],{"class":118},[52,131499,122],{"class":66},[52,131501,34816],{"class":92},[52,131503,127],{"class":66},[1324,131505,8574,131507,131509],{"id":131506},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131508,126292],{}," to change the original string",[20,131511,131512,131514],{},[15,131513,126292],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131516,131403],{},[43,131518,131520],{"className":45,"code":131519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131521,131522,131536,131554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131523,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131525,34795],{"class":58},[52,131527,63],{"class":62},[52,131529,200],{"class":188},[52,131531,45010],{"class":192},[52,131533,3911],{"class":70},[52,131535,3479],{"class":188},[52,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550,131552],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131539,34816],{"class":58},[52,131541,89],{"class":66},[52,131543,130012],{"class":92},[52,131545,122],{"class":66},[52,131547,189],{"class":188},[52,131549,7795],{"class":192},[52,131551,189],{"class":188},[52,131553,127],{"class":66},[52,131555,131556,131558,131560,131562],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131557,119],{"class":118},[52,131559,122],{"class":66},[52,131561,34816],{"class":92},[52,131563,127],{"class":66},[20,131565,131566],{},[984,131567,2193],{},[43,131569,131571],{"className":45,"code":131570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131572,131573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131574,131575,131577,131579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131576,34975],{"class":58},[52,131578,74],{"class":66},[52,131580,9957],{"class":66},[20,131582,131335],{},[43,131584,131586],{"className":45,"code":131585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131587,131588,131602,131624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131589,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131591,34795],{"class":58},[52,131593,63],{"class":62},[52,131595,200],{"class":188},[52,131597,45010],{"class":192},[52,131599,3911],{"class":70},[52,131601,3479],{"class":188},[52,131603,131604,131606,131608,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131605,34795],{"class":58},[52,131607,63],{"class":62},[52,131609,42950],{"class":58},[52,131611,89],{"class":66},[52,131613,130012],{"class":92},[52,131615,122],{"class":66},[52,131617,189],{"class":188},[52,131619,7795],{"class":192},[52,131621,189],{"class":188},[52,131623,127],{"class":66},[52,131625,131626,131628,131630,131632],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131627,119],{"class":118},[52,131629,122],{"class":66},[52,131631,34816],{"class":92},[52,131633,127],{"class":66},[1324,131635,4821,131637,131639],{"id":131636},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131638,126292],{}," returns a new string",[20,131641,131642],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1324,131644,131646],{"id":131645},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131648,131649],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131651,131652,131653,131655],{},"Use simple ",[15,131654,3911],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131657,131658,131659,89],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[30,131660,90506],{"href":90505},[38,131662,67999],{"id":67998},[20,131664,131665],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[43,131667,131669],{"className":45,"code":131668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131670,131671,131681,131695,131724],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131672,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131674,119],{"class":118},[52,131676,122],{"class":66},[52,131678,34816],{"class":92},[52,131680,127],{"class":66},[52,131682,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131684,119],{"class":118},[52,131686,122],{"class":66},[52,131688,3340],{"class":3020},[52,131690,122],{"class":66},[52,131692,2593],{"class":92},[52,131694,2150],{"class":66},[52,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131698,119],{"class":118},[52,131700,122],{"class":66},[52,131702,189],{"class":188},[52,131704,131705],{"class":192},"Hello ",[52,131707,3911],{"class":70},[52,131709,189],{"class":188},[52,131711,89],{"class":66},[52,131713,130012],{"class":92},[52,131715,122],{"class":66},[52,131717,189],{"class":188},[52,131719,7795],{"class":192},[52,131721,189],{"class":188},[52,131723,2150],{"class":66},[52,131725,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,131727,32262],{"class":118},[52,131729,122],{"class":66},[52,131731,3564],{"class":3020},[52,131733,89],{"class":66},[52,131735,130012],{"class":24860},[52,131737,127],{"class":66},[20,131739,131740],{},"Use them to check:",[154,131742,131743,131746,131749,131752],{},[157,131744,131745],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[157,131747,131748],{},"what type your value has",[157,131750,131751],{},"whether a small test example works",[157,131753,131754,131755],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131756,131757],{},"str.format",[38,131759,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,131761,129793,131763,12832],{"id":131762},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131764,126292],{},[20,131766,131767],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1324,131769,131771],{"id":131770},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131773,131774,131775,131777],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131776,3911],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1324,131779,131781,131782,1964],{"id":131780},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131783,126292],{},[20,131785,131786,131787,131790],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131788,131789],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1324,131792,15018,131794,131796],{"id":131793},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131795,126292],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131798,131799,131800,131802],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131801,126292],{}," is still useful and common.",[38,131804,1996],{"id":1995},[154,131806,131807,131811,131815,131821,131827],{},[157,131808,131809],{},[30,131810,125044],{"href":51084},[157,131812,131813],{},[30,131814,90783],{"href":89792},[157,131816,131817],{},[30,131818,3697,131819,3630],{"href":46556},[15,131820,46559],{},[157,131822,131823],{},[30,131824,3697,131825,3630],{"href":42283},[15,131826,47791],{},[157,131828,131829],{},[30,131830,90506],{"href":90505},[2044,131832,131833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":131835},[131836,131837,131839,131840,131841,131842,131843,131844,131846,131855,131856,131865],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":130079,"depth":83,"text":131838},"What the format() method does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":130360,"depth":83,"text":130361},{"id":130622,"depth":83,"text":130623},{"id":130853,"depth":83,"text":130854},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":131156,"depth":83,"text":131845},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":131847},[131848,131849,131850,131852,131854],{"id":131277,"depth":115,"text":131278},{"id":131394,"depth":115,"text":131395},{"id":131506,"depth":115,"text":131851},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131636,"depth":115,"text":131853},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131645,"depth":115,"text":131646},{"id":67998,"depth":83,"text":67999},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":131857},[131858,131860,131861,131863],{"id":131762,"depth":115,"text":131859},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131770,"depth":115,"text":131771},{"id":131780,"depth":115,"text":131862},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131793,"depth":115,"text":131864},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129939,"description":131866},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131873,"title":131874,"body":131875,"description":133355,"extension":2083,"meta":133356,"navigation":240,"path":133357,"seo":133358,"stem":133359,"__hash__":133360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131876,"toc":133327},[131877,131882,131887,131892,131894,131956,131963,131969,131974,131976,131992,131994,132065,132067,132081,132084,132134,132136,132138,132165,132168,132183,132186,132227,132230,132275,132282,132331,132333,132341,132343,132361,132363,132456,132464,132505,132510,132517,132523,132530,132533,132537,132638,132640,132662,132666,132719,132722,132725,132731,132738,132740,132779,132781,132799,132809,132816,132899,132902,132909,132916,132923,132927,132935,132981,132985,132994,133059,133064,133069,133080,133082,133087,133114,133116,133219,133222,133242,133244,133249,133252,133256,133260,133267,133276,133282,133285,133291,133293,133295,133324],[10,131878,123289,131880,18],{"id":131879},"python-string-index-method",[15,131881,59076],{},[20,131883,123294,131884,131886],{},[15,131885,59076],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131888,131889,131890,89],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131891,40811],{},[38,131893,2125],{"id":2124},[43,131895,131897],{"className":45,"code":131896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131898,131899,131911,131933,131943,131947,131951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131900,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131902,34795],{"class":58},[52,131904,63],{"class":62},[52,131906,200],{"class":188},[52,131908,60515],{"class":192},[52,131910,3479],{"class":188},[52,131912,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,131914,65024],{"class":58},[52,131916,63],{"class":62},[52,131918,42950],{"class":58},[52,131920,89],{"class":66},[52,131922,35955],{"class":92},[52,131924,122],{"class":66},[52,131926,189],{"class":188},[52,131928,60700],{"class":192},[52,131930,189],{"class":188},[52,131932,127],{"class":66},[52,131934,131935,131937,131939,131941],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131936,119],{"class":118},[52,131938,122],{"class":66},[52,131940,65051],{"class":92},[52,131942,127],{"class":66},[52,131944,131945],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,131946,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,131948,131949],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,131950,90924],{"class":133},[52,131952,131953],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,131954,131955],{"class":133},"# 6\n",[20,131957,137,131958,131960,131961,89],{},[15,131959,59076],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131962,40811],{},[38,131964,144,131966,147],{"id":131965},"what-strindex-does",[15,131967,131968],{},"str.index()",[20,131970,131971,131973],{},[15,131972,131968],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131975,13169],{},[154,131977,131978,131981,131984,131987],{},[157,131979,131980],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[157,131982,131983],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[157,131985,131986],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[157,131988,30404,131989,131991],{},[15,131990,40811],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131993,347],{},[43,131995,131997],{"className":45,"code":131996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131998,131999,132011,132015,132040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132000,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132002,34795],{"class":58},[52,132004,63],{"class":62},[52,132006,200],{"class":188},[52,132008,1145],{"class":192},[52,132010,3479],{"class":188},[52,132012,132013],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132014,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,132016,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132018,119],{"class":118},[52,132020,122],{"class":66},[52,132022,34816],{"class":92},[52,132024,89],{"class":66},[52,132026,35955],{"class":92},[52,132028,122],{"class":66},[52,132030,189],{"class":188},[52,132032,30],{"class":192},[52,132034,189],{"class":188},[52,132036,5479],{"class":66},[52,132038,132039],{"class":133},"     # 1\n",[52,132041,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,132043,119],{"class":118},[52,132045,122],{"class":66},[52,132047,34816],{"class":92},[52,132049,89],{"class":66},[52,132051,35955],{"class":92},[52,132053,122],{"class":66},[52,132055,189],{"class":188},[52,132057,123382],{"class":192},[52,132059,189],{"class":188},[52,132061,5479],{"class":66},[52,132063,132064],{"class":133},"    # 2\n",[20,132066,2300],{},[154,132068,132069,132075],{},[157,132070,132071,128502,132073],{},[15,132072,1003],{},[15,132074,71],{},[157,132076,132077,128502,132079],{},[15,132078,128501],{},[15,132080,99],{},[20,132082,132083],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[43,132085,132087],{"className":45,"code":132086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132088,132089,132101,132105,132129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132090,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132092,34795],{"class":58},[52,132094,63],{"class":62},[52,132096,200],{"class":188},[52,132098,34975],{"class":192},[52,132100,3479],{"class":188},[52,132102,132103],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132104,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,132106,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132108,119],{"class":118},[52,132110,122],{"class":66},[52,132112,34816],{"class":92},[52,132114,89],{"class":66},[52,132116,35955],{"class":92},[52,132118,122],{"class":66},[52,132120,189],{"class":188},[52,132122,51300],{"class":192},[52,132124,189],{"class":188},[52,132126,5479],{"class":66},[52,132128,20879],{"class":133},[52,132130,132131],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,132132,132133],{"class":133},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[38,132135,268],{"id":267},[20,132137,2282],{},[43,132139,132141],{"className":45,"code":132140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132142,132143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132144,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132146,61283],{"class":58},[52,132148,89],{"class":66},[52,132150,35955],{"class":92},[52,132152,122],{"class":66},[52,132154,2593],{"class":92},[52,132156,74],{"class":66},[52,132158,36161],{"class":92},[52,132160,74],{"class":66},[52,132162,65145],{"class":92},[52,132164,127],{"class":66},[20,132166,132167],{},"Parameters:",[154,132169,132170,132174,132178],{},[157,132171,132172,123481],{},[15,132173,2593],{},[157,132175,132176,128548],{},[15,132177,36182],{},[157,132179,132180,132182],{},[15,132181,52769],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132184,132185],{},"You can use just the value:",[43,132187,132189],{"className":45,"code":132188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132190,132191,132203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132192,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132194,34795],{"class":58},[52,132196,63],{"class":62},[52,132198,200],{"class":188},[52,132200,47],{"class":192},[52,132202,3479],{"class":188},[52,132204,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132206,119],{"class":118},[52,132208,122],{"class":66},[52,132210,34816],{"class":92},[52,132212,89],{"class":66},[52,132214,35955],{"class":92},[52,132216,122],{"class":66},[52,132218,189],{"class":188},[52,132220,63392],{"class":192},[52,132222,189],{"class":188},[52,132224,5479],{"class":66},[52,132226,51524],{"class":133},[20,132228,132229],{},"Or include a start position:",[43,132231,132233],{"className":45,"code":132232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132234,132235,132247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132236,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132238,34795],{"class":58},[52,132240,63],{"class":62},[52,132242,200],{"class":188},[52,132244,1145],{"class":192},[52,132246,3479],{"class":188},[52,132248,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132250,119],{"class":118},[52,132252,122],{"class":66},[52,132254,34816],{"class":92},[52,132256,89],{"class":66},[52,132258,35955],{"class":92},[52,132260,122],{"class":66},[52,132262,189],{"class":188},[52,132264,30],{"class":192},[52,132266,189],{"class":188},[52,132268,74],{"class":66},[52,132270,77],{"class":70},[52,132272,5479],{"class":66},[52,132274,50879],{"class":133},[20,132276,132277,132278,668,132280,152],{},"Or include both ",[15,132279,36182],{},[15,132281,52769],{},[43,132283,132285],{"className":45,"code":132284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132286,132287,132299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132288,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132290,34795],{"class":58},[52,132292,63],{"class":62},[52,132294,200],{"class":188},[52,132296,1145],{"class":192},[52,132298,3479],{"class":188},[52,132300,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132302,119],{"class":118},[52,132304,122],{"class":66},[52,132306,34816],{"class":92},[52,132308,89],{"class":66},[52,132310,35955],{"class":92},[52,132312,122],{"class":66},[52,132314,189],{"class":188},[52,132316,30],{"class":192},[52,132318,189],{"class":188},[52,132320,74],{"class":66},[52,132322,77],{"class":70},[52,132324,74],{"class":66},[52,132326,396],{"class":70},[52,132328,5479],{"class":66},[52,132330,50879],{"class":133},[38,132332,38127],{"id":38126},[20,132334,28818,132335,132337,132338,89],{},[15,132336,59076],{}," is a ",[984,132339,132340],{},"zero-based index",[20,132342,2230],{},[154,132344,132345,132351,132356],{},[157,132346,132347,132348,132350],{},"Index ",[15,132349,2243],{}," is the first character",[157,132352,132347,132353,132355],{},[15,132354,71],{}," is the second character",[157,132357,132347,132358,132360],{},[15,132359,99],{}," is the third character",[20,132362,347],{},[43,132364,132366],{"className":45,"code":132365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132367,132368,132380,132384,132408,132432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132369,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132371,34795],{"class":58},[52,132373,63],{"class":62},[52,132375,200],{"class":188},[52,132377,950],{"class":192},[52,132379,3479],{"class":188},[52,132381,132382],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132383,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,132385,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132387,119],{"class":118},[52,132389,122],{"class":66},[52,132391,34816],{"class":92},[52,132393,89],{"class":66},[52,132395,35955],{"class":92},[52,132397,122],{"class":66},[52,132399,189],{"class":188},[52,132401,1491],{"class":192},[52,132403,189],{"class":188},[52,132405,5479],{"class":66},[52,132407,51356],{"class":133},[52,132409,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,132411,119],{"class":118},[52,132413,122],{"class":66},[52,132415,34816],{"class":92},[52,132417,89],{"class":66},[52,132419,35955],{"class":92},[52,132421,122],{"class":66},[52,132423,189],{"class":188},[52,132425,30],{"class":192},[52,132427,189],{"class":188},[52,132429,5479],{"class":66},[52,132431,27890],{"class":133},[52,132433,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,132435,119],{"class":118},[52,132437,122],{"class":66},[52,132439,34816],{"class":92},[52,132441,89],{"class":66},[52,132443,35955],{"class":92},[52,132445,122],{"class":66},[52,132447,189],{"class":188},[52,132449,63392],{"class":192},[52,132451,189],{"class":188},[52,132453,5479],{"class":66},[52,132455,51524],{"class":133},[20,132457,132458,132460,132461,132463],{},[15,132459,59076],{}," returns only the ",[984,132462,30019],{}," matching position.",[43,132465,132467],{"className":45,"code":132466,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132468,132469,132481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132470,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132472,34795],{"class":58},[52,132474,63],{"class":62},[52,132476,200],{"class":188},[52,132478,1145],{"class":192},[52,132480,3479],{"class":188},[52,132482,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132484,119],{"class":118},[52,132486,122],{"class":66},[52,132488,34816],{"class":92},[52,132490,89],{"class":66},[52,132492,35955],{"class":92},[52,132494,122],{"class":66},[52,132496,189],{"class":188},[52,132498,30],{"class":192},[52,132500,189],{"class":188},[52,132502,5479],{"class":66},[52,132504,27890],{"class":133},[20,132506,260,132507,132509],{},[15,132508,1003],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132511,132512,132513,89],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[30,132514,132515,10859],{"href":124739},[15,132516,58698],{},[38,132518,8538,132519,668,132521],{"id":65511},[15,132520,36182],{},[15,132522,52769],{},[20,132524,2100,132525,668,132527,132529],{},[15,132526,36182],{},[15,132528,52769],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132531,132532],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132534,1104,132535,152],{},[15,132536,36182],{},[43,132538,132540],{"className":45,"code":132539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132541,132542,132554,132558,132582,132610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132543,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132545,34795],{"class":58},[52,132547,63],{"class":62},[52,132549,200],{"class":188},[52,132551,1145],{"class":192},[52,132553,3479],{"class":188},[52,132555,132556],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132557,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,132559,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132561,119],{"class":118},[52,132563,122],{"class":66},[52,132565,34816],{"class":92},[52,132567,89],{"class":66},[52,132569,35955],{"class":92},[52,132571,122],{"class":66},[52,132573,189],{"class":188},[52,132575,30],{"class":192},[52,132577,189],{"class":188},[52,132579,5479],{"class":66},[52,132581,51229],{"class":133},[52,132583,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,132585,119],{"class":118},[52,132587,122],{"class":66},[52,132589,34816],{"class":92},[52,132591,89],{"class":66},[52,132593,35955],{"class":92},[52,132595,122],{"class":66},[52,132597,189],{"class":188},[52,132599,30],{"class":192},[52,132601,189],{"class":188},[52,132603,74],{"class":66},[52,132605,77],{"class":70},[52,132607,5479],{"class":66},[52,132609,51078],{"class":133},[52,132611,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,132613,119],{"class":118},[52,132615,122],{"class":66},[52,132617,34816],{"class":92},[52,132619,89],{"class":66},[52,132621,35955],{"class":92},[52,132623,122],{"class":66},[52,132625,189],{"class":188},[52,132627,30],{"class":192},[52,132629,189],{"class":188},[52,132631,74],{"class":66},[52,132633,109],{"class":70},[52,132635,5479],{"class":66},[52,132637,50862],{"class":133},[20,132639,20068],{},[154,132641,132642,132649,132655],{},[157,132643,132644,132645,65701,132647],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132646,1003],{},[15,132648,71],{},[157,132650,132651,132652,132654],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132653,99],{}," skips that first match",[157,132656,132651,132657,132659,132660],{},[15,132658,391],{}," finds the last ",[15,132661,1003],{},[20,132663,1104,132664,152],{},[15,132665,52769],{},[43,132667,132669],{"className":45,"code":132668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132670,132671,132683,132687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132672,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132674,34795],{"class":58},[52,132676,63],{"class":62},[52,132678,200],{"class":188},[52,132680,1145],{"class":192},[52,132682,3479],{"class":188},[52,132684,132685],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132686,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,132688,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132690,119],{"class":118},[52,132692,122],{"class":66},[52,132694,34816],{"class":92},[52,132696,89],{"class":66},[52,132698,35955],{"class":92},[52,132700,122],{"class":66},[52,132702,189],{"class":188},[52,132704,76134],{"class":192},[52,132706,189],{"class":188},[52,132708,74],{"class":66},[52,132710,3952],{"class":70},[52,132712,74],{"class":66},[52,132714,109],{"class":70},[52,132716,5479],{"class":66},[52,132718,51524],{"class":133},[20,132720,132721],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132723,132724],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[38,132726,44322,132728,132730],{"id":132727},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132729,59076],{}," causes an error",[20,132732,132733,132734,52604,132736,89],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132735,59076],{},[15,132737,40811],{},[20,132739,347],{},[43,132741,132743],{"className":45,"code":132742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132744,132745,132757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132746,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132748,34795],{"class":58},[52,132750,63],{"class":62},[52,132752,200],{"class":188},[52,132754,3964],{"class":192},[52,132756,3479],{"class":188},[52,132758,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132760,119],{"class":118},[52,132762,122],{"class":66},[52,132764,34816],{"class":92},[52,132766,89],{"class":66},[52,132768,35955],{"class":92},[52,132770,122],{"class":66},[52,132772,189],{"class":188},[52,132774,22186],{"class":192},[52,132776,189],{"class":188},[52,132778,2150],{"class":66},[20,132780,2193],{},[43,132782,132784],{"className":45,"code":132783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132785,132786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132787,132788,132790,132792,132795,132797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132789,40811],{"class":3020},[52,132791,152],{"class":66},[52,132793,132794],{"class":58}," substring ",[52,132796,986],{"class":62},[52,132798,65934],{"class":58},[20,132800,53450,132801,126255,132806,132808],{},[30,132802,132803],{"href":129933},[15,132804,132805],{},"str.find()",[15,132807,65959],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132810,132811,132812,668,132814,152],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132813,29914],{},[15,132815,29945],{},[43,132817,132819],{"className":45,"code":132818,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132820,132821,132833,132837,132843,132866,132876,132884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132822,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132824,34795],{"class":58},[52,132826,63],{"class":62},[52,132828,200],{"class":188},[52,132830,3964],{"class":192},[52,132832,3479],{"class":188},[52,132834,132835],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132836,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,132838,132839,132841],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132840,29914],{"class":3996},[52,132842,6514],{"class":66},[52,132844,132845,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,132846,132847],{"class":58},"    position ",[52,132849,63],{"class":62},[52,132851,42950],{"class":58},[52,132853,89],{"class":66},[52,132855,35955],{"class":92},[52,132857,122],{"class":66},[52,132859,189],{"class":188},[52,132861,22186],{"class":192},[52,132863,189],{"class":188},[52,132865,127],{"class":66},[52,132867,132868,132870,132872,132874],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,132869,8188],{"class":118},[52,132871,122],{"class":66},[52,132873,65051],{"class":92},[52,132875,127],{"class":66},[52,132877,132878,132880,132882],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,132879,29945],{"class":3996},[52,132881,42034],{"class":3020},[52,132883,6514],{"class":66},[52,132885,132886,132888,132890,132892,132895,132897],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,132887,8188],{"class":118},[52,132889,122],{"class":66},[52,132891,189],{"class":188},[52,132893,132894],{"class":192},"Substring not found",[52,132896,189],{"class":188},[52,132898,127],{"class":66},[20,132900,132901],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132903,42054,132904,89],{},[30,132905,1781,132907],{"href":132906},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132908,129260],{},[38,132910,132912,1083,132914],{"id":132911},"index-vs-find",[15,132913,59076],{},[15,132915,124284],{},[20,132917,132918,668,132920,132922],{},[15,132919,59076],{},[15,132921,124284],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1324,132924,132925],{"id":35955},[15,132926,59076],{},[154,132928,132929,132932],{},[157,132930,132931],{},"Returns the first match position",[157,132933,132934],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[43,132936,132938],{"className":45,"code":132937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132939,132940,132952,132976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132941,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132943,34795],{"class":58},[52,132945,63],{"class":62},[52,132947,200],{"class":188},[52,132949,3964],{"class":192},[52,132951,3479],{"class":188},[52,132953,132954,132956,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,132955,119],{"class":118},[52,132957,122],{"class":66},[52,132959,34816],{"class":92},[52,132961,89],{"class":66},[52,132963,35955],{"class":92},[52,132965,122],{"class":66},[52,132967,189],{"class":188},[52,132969,60556],{"class":192},[52,132971,189],{"class":188},[52,132973,5479],{"class":66},[52,132975,27890],{"class":133},[52,132977,132978],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132979,132980],{"class":133},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1324,132982,132983],{"id":128314},[15,132984,124284],{},[154,132986,132987,132989],{},[157,132988,132931],{},[157,132990,1335,132991,132993],{},[15,132992,65959],{}," if nothing is found",[43,132995,132997],{"className":45,"code":132996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132998,132999,133011,133035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133000,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133002,34795],{"class":58},[52,133004,63],{"class":62},[52,133006,200],{"class":188},[52,133008,3964],{"class":192},[52,133010,3479],{"class":188},[52,133012,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133014,119],{"class":118},[52,133016,122],{"class":66},[52,133018,34816],{"class":92},[52,133020,89],{"class":66},[52,133022,128314],{"class":92},[52,133024,122],{"class":66},[52,133026,189],{"class":188},[52,133028,60556],{"class":192},[52,133030,189],{"class":188},[52,133032,5479],{"class":66},[52,133034,27890],{"class":133},[52,133036,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133038,119],{"class":118},[52,133040,122],{"class":66},[52,133042,34816],{"class":92},[52,133044,89],{"class":66},[52,133046,128314],{"class":92},[52,133048,122],{"class":66},[52,133050,189],{"class":188},[52,133052,22186],{"class":192},[52,133054,189],{"class":188},[52,133056,5479],{"class":66},[52,133058,128670],{"class":133},[20,133060,137,133061,133063],{},[15,133062,59076],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133065,137,133066,133068],{},[15,133067,124284],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133070,133071,133072,2996,133077,89],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[30,133073,133074,133076],{"href":129933},[15,133075,132805],{}," method reference",[30,133078,127325],{"href":133079},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[38,133081,2948],{"id":2947},[20,133083,133084,133085,152],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133086,59076],{},[154,133088,133089,133092,133099,133104,133109],{},[157,133090,133091],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[157,133093,8574,133094,8577,133096,133098],{},[15,133095,59076],{},[15,133097,65959],{}," when no match exists",[157,133100,8538,133101,133103],{},[15,133102,59076],{}," on a value that may not be present",[157,133105,133106,133107],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133108,71],{},[157,133110,4697,133111,133113],{},[15,133112,59076],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133115,62400],{},[43,133117,133119],{"className":45,"code":133118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133120,133121,133131,133145,133167,133189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133122,133123,133125,133127,133129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133124,119],{"class":118},[52,133126,122],{"class":66},[52,133128,34816],{"class":92},[52,133130,127],{"class":66},[52,133132,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141,133143],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133134,119],{"class":118},[52,133136,122],{"class":66},[52,133138,41887],{"class":118},[52,133140,122],{"class":66},[52,133142,34816],{"class":92},[52,133144,2150],{"class":66},[52,133146,133147,133149,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133148,119],{"class":118},[52,133150,122],{"class":66},[52,133152,34816],{"class":92},[52,133154,89],{"class":66},[52,133156,35955],{"class":92},[52,133158,122],{"class":66},[52,133160,189],{"class":188},[52,133162,2593],{"class":192},[52,133164,189],{"class":188},[52,133166,2150],{"class":66},[52,133168,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,133170,119],{"class":118},[52,133172,122],{"class":66},[52,133174,34816],{"class":92},[52,133176,89],{"class":66},[52,133178,128314],{"class":92},[52,133180,122],{"class":66},[52,133182,189],{"class":188},[52,133184,2593],{"class":192},[52,133186,189],{"class":188},[52,133188,2150],{"class":66},[52,133190,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,133192,119],{"class":118},[52,133194,122],{"class":66},[52,133196,34816],{"class":92},[52,133198,89],{"class":66},[52,133200,35955],{"class":92},[52,133202,122],{"class":66},[52,133204,189],{"class":188},[52,133206,2593],{"class":192},[52,133208,189],{"class":188},[52,133210,74],{"class":66},[52,133212,36161],{"class":92},[52,133214,74],{"class":66},[52,133216,65145],{"class":92},[52,133218,2150],{"class":66},[20,133220,133221],{},"Tips:",[154,133223,133224,133229,133234,133237],{},[157,133225,137,133226,133228],{},[15,133227,126211],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[157,133230,137,133231,133233],{},[15,133232,124284],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[157,133235,133236],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[157,133238,133239,133240],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133241,2243],{},[38,133243,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,133245,129793,133247,12832],{"id":133246},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133248,59076],{},[20,133250,133251],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1324,133253,133255],{"id":133254},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133257,76962,133258,89],{},[15,133259,40811],{},[1324,133261,1959,133263,668,133265,1964],{"id":133262},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133264,59076],{},[15,133266,124284],{},[20,133268,133269,133271,133272,442,133274,1311],{},[15,133270,59076],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133273,124284],{},[15,133275,65959],{},[1324,133277,5288,133279,133281],{"id":133278},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133280,59076],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133283,133284],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1324,133286,133288,133289,124625],{"id":133287},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133290,59076],{},[20,133292,129818],{},[38,133294,1996],{"id":1995},[154,133296,133297,133303,133307,133312,133318],{},[157,133298,133299],{},[30,133300,133301,10859],{"href":129933},[15,133302,132805],{},[157,133304,133305],{},[30,133306,124688],{"href":133079},[157,133308,133309],{},[30,133310,129894],{"href":133311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[157,133313,133314],{},[30,133315,133316,10859],{"href":124739},[15,133317,58698],{},[157,133319,133320],{},[30,133321,30458,133322],{"href":132906},[15,133323,129260],{},[2044,133325,133326],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":133328},[133329,133330,133332,133333,133334,133335,133337,133342,133343,133354],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":131965,"depth":83,"text":133331},"What str.index() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":38126,"depth":83,"text":38127},{"id":65511,"depth":83,"text":66294},{"id":132727,"depth":83,"text":133336},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132911,"depth":83,"text":133338,"children":133339},"index() vs find()",[133340,133341],{"id":35955,"depth":115,"text":59076},{"id":128314,"depth":115,"text":124284},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":133344},[133345,133347,133348,133350,133352],{"id":133246,"depth":115,"text":133346},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133254,"depth":115,"text":133255},{"id":133262,"depth":115,"text":133349},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133278,"depth":115,"text":133351},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133287,"depth":115,"text":133353},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131874,"description":133355},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133362,"title":133363,"body":133364,"description":136139,"extension":2083,"meta":136140,"navigation":240,"path":136141,"seo":136142,"stem":136143,"__hash__":136144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133365,"toc":136075},[133366,133372,133377,133380,133383,133394,133396,133465,133467,133481,133486,133491,133496,133498,133541,133543,133626,133628,133674,133680,133682,133684,133704,133706,133729,133731,133805,133807,133826,133831,133833,133837,133909,133911,133925,133929,134005,134007,134026,134030,134124,134126,134135,134142,134218,134220,134238,134242,134245,134252,134301,134303,134312,134319,134378,134380,134398,134401,134408,134467,134469,134487,134494,134551,134553,134562,134566,134571,134575,134634,134636,134654,134658,134705,134710,134713,134782,134784,134801,134808,134814,134869,134874,134877,134954,134956,134974,134980,134986,135046,135048,135067,135073,135076,135083,135136,135141,135143,135204,135213,135220,135222,135279,135284,135286,135357,135361,135416,135418,135427,135432,135438,135507,135509,135541,135547,135555,135562,135568,135633,135635,135644,135650,135731,135733,135742,135747,135761,135768,135772,135777,135805,135807,135940,135943,135980,135982,135988,135997,136002,136005,136010,136015,136021,136024,136033,136036,136038,136067,136072],[10,133367,123289,133369,18],{"id":133368},"python-string-join-method",[15,133370,133371],{},"join()",[20,133373,123294,133374,133376],{},[15,133375,133371],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133378,133379],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133381,133382],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[154,133384,133385,133391],{},[157,133386,133387,133388,133390],{},"You call ",[15,133389,133371],{}," on the separator string",[157,133392,133393],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[38,133395,41],{"id":40},[43,133397,133399],{"className":45,"code":133398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133400,133401,133434,133455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133402,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133430,133432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133404,1025],{"class":58},[52,133406,63],{"class":62},[52,133408,3743],{"class":66},[52,133410,189],{"class":188},[52,133412,7414],{"class":192},[52,133414,189],{"class":188},[52,133416,74],{"class":66},[52,133418,200],{"class":188},[52,133420,12310],{"class":192},[52,133422,189],{"class":188},[52,133424,74],{"class":66},[52,133426,200],{"class":188},[52,133428,133429],{"class":192},"fun",[52,133431,189],{"class":188},[52,133433,3756],{"class":66},[52,133435,133436,133438,133440,133442,133444,133446,133449,133451,133453],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133437,474],{"class":58},[52,133439,63],{"class":62},[52,133441,200],{"class":188},[52,133443,200],{"class":188},[52,133445,89],{"class":66},[52,133447,133448],{"class":92},"join",[52,133450,122],{"class":66},[52,133452,1043],{"class":92},[52,133454,127],{"class":66},[52,133456,133457,133459,133461,133463],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133458,119],{"class":118},[52,133460,122],{"class":66},[52,133462,507],{"class":92},[52,133464,127],{"class":66},[20,133466,2193],{},[43,133468,133470],{"className":45,"code":133469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is fun\n",[15,133471,133472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133473,133474,133476,133478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133475,3697],{"class":58},[52,133477,12310],{"class":62},[52,133479,133480],{"class":58}," fun\n",[20,133482,137,133483,133485],{},[15,133484,133371],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[38,133487,144,133489,147],{"id":133488},"what-join-does",[15,133490,133371],{},[20,133492,133493,133495],{},[15,133494,133371],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133497,11575],{},[154,133499,133500,133507,133535,133538],{},[157,133501,133502,133503,133506],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133504,133505],{},".join()"," as the separator",[157,133508,133509,133510],{},"Common separators are:\n",[154,133511,133512,133518,133524,133530],{},[157,133513,133514,133517],{},[15,133515,133516],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[157,133519,133520,133523],{},[15,133521,133522],{},"\", \""," for commas",[157,133525,133526,133529],{},[15,133527,133528],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[157,133531,133532,133534],{},[15,133533,6392],{}," for no separator",[157,133536,133537],{},"It returns a new string",[157,133539,133540],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133542,347],{},[43,133544,133546],{"className":45,"code":133545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133547,133548,133580,133602,133606,133616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133549,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133551,1025],{"class":58},[52,133553,63],{"class":62},[52,133555,3743],{"class":66},[52,133557,189],{"class":188},[52,133559,193],{"class":192},[52,133561,189],{"class":188},[52,133563,74],{"class":66},[52,133565,200],{"class":188},[52,133567,231],{"class":192},[52,133569,189],{"class":188},[52,133571,74],{"class":66},[52,133573,200],{"class":188},[52,133575,203],{"class":192},[52,133577,189],{"class":188},[52,133579,3756],{"class":66},[52,133581,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133583,474],{"class":58},[52,133585,63],{"class":62},[52,133587,200],{"class":188},[52,133589,2311],{"class":192},[52,133591,189],{"class":188},[52,133593,89],{"class":66},[52,133595,133448],{"class":92},[52,133597,122],{"class":66},[52,133599,1043],{"class":92},[52,133601,127],{"class":66},[52,133603,133604],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133605,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,133607,133608,133610,133612,133614],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,133609,119],{"class":118},[52,133611,122],{"class":66},[52,133613,507],{"class":92},[52,133615,127],{"class":66},[52,133617,133618,133620,133622,133624],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,133619,119],{"class":118},[52,133621,122],{"class":66},[52,133623,1043],{"class":92},[52,133625,127],{"class":66},[20,133627,2193],{},[43,133629,133631],{"className":45,"code":133630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133632,133633,133646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133634,133635,133637,133639,133642,133644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133636,193],{"class":58},[52,133638,74],{"class":66},[52,133640,133641],{"class":58}," green",[52,133643,74],{"class":66},[52,133645,35990],{"class":58},[52,133647,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133649,4020],{"class":66},[52,133651,3420],{"class":188},[52,133653,193],{"class":192},[52,133655,3420],{"class":188},[52,133657,74],{"class":66},[52,133659,3415],{"class":188},[52,133661,231],{"class":192},[52,133663,3420],{"class":188},[52,133665,74],{"class":66},[52,133667,3415],{"class":188},[52,133669,203],{"class":192},[52,133671,3420],{"class":188},[52,133673,3756],{"class":66},[20,133675,133676,133677,133679],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133678,133371],{}," creates a new string.",[38,133681,268],{"id":267},[20,133683,271],{},[43,133685,133687],{"className":45,"code":133686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133688,133689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133690,133691,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133692,133693],{"class":58},"separator",[52,133695,89],{"class":66},[52,133697,133448],{"class":92},[52,133699,122],{"class":66},[52,133701,290],{"class":92},[52,133703,127],{"class":66},[1324,133705,49118],{"id":49117},[154,133707,133708,133721,133726],{},[157,133709,133710,133712,133713,2311,133715,2311,133717,2315,133719],{},[15,133711,133693],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133714,133516],{},[15,133716,133522],{},[15,133718,133528],{},[15,133720,6392],{},[157,133722,133723,133725],{},[15,133724,290],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[157,133727,133728],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133730,347],{},[43,133732,133734],{"className":45,"code":133733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133735,133736,133768,133791,133795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133737,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133739,5112],{"class":58},[52,133741,63],{"class":62},[52,133743,3743],{"class":66},[52,133745,189],{"class":188},[52,133747,12997],{"class":192},[52,133749,189],{"class":188},[52,133751,74],{"class":66},[52,133753,200],{"class":188},[52,133755,36050],{"class":192},[52,133757,189],{"class":188},[52,133759,74],{"class":66},[52,133761,200],{"class":188},[52,133763,36059],{"class":192},[52,133765,189],{"class":188},[52,133767,3756],{"class":66},[52,133769,133770,133772,133774,133776,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133771,474],{"class":58},[52,133773,63],{"class":62},[52,133775,200],{"class":188},[52,133777,133778],{"class":192}," | ",[52,133780,189],{"class":188},[52,133782,89],{"class":66},[52,133784,133448],{"class":92},[52,133786,122],{"class":66},[52,133788,5156],{"class":92},[52,133790,127],{"class":66},[52,133792,133793],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133794,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,133796,133797,133799,133801,133803],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,133798,119],{"class":118},[52,133800,122],{"class":66},[52,133802,507],{"class":92},[52,133804,127],{"class":66},[20,133806,2193],{},[43,133808,133810],{"className":45,"code":133809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133811,133812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133813,133814,133817,133819,133822,133824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133815,133816],{"class":58},"Ana ",[52,133818,113932],{"class":62},[52,133820,133821],{"class":58}," Ben ",[52,133823,113932],{"class":62},[52,133825,36131],{"class":58},[20,133827,133828,133829,89],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[30,133830,125044],{"href":51084},[38,133832,121820],{"id":121819},[1324,133834,133836],{"id":133835},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[43,133838,133840],{"className":45,"code":133839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133841,133842,133875,133895,133899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133843,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866,133868,133871,133873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133845,1025],{"class":58},[52,133847,63],{"class":62},[52,133849,3743],{"class":66},[52,133851,189],{"class":188},[52,133853,7414],{"class":192},[52,133855,189],{"class":188},[52,133857,74],{"class":66},[52,133859,200],{"class":188},[52,133861,12310],{"class":192},[52,133863,189],{"class":188},[52,133865,74],{"class":66},[52,133867,200],{"class":188},[52,133869,133870],{"class":192},"easy",[52,133872,189],{"class":188},[52,133874,3756],{"class":66},[52,133876,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133893],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133878,474],{"class":58},[52,133880,63],{"class":62},[52,133882,200],{"class":188},[52,133884,200],{"class":188},[52,133886,89],{"class":66},[52,133888,133448],{"class":92},[52,133890,122],{"class":66},[52,133892,1043],{"class":92},[52,133894,127],{"class":66},[52,133896,133897],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133898,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,133902,119],{"class":118},[52,133904,122],{"class":66},[52,133906,507],{"class":92},[52,133908,127],{"class":66},[20,133910,2193],{},[43,133912,133914],{"className":45,"code":133913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is easy\n",[15,133915,133916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133917,133918,133920,133922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133919,3697],{"class":58},[52,133921,12310],{"class":62},[52,133923,133924],{"class":58}," easy\n",[1324,133926,133928],{"id":133927},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[43,133930,133932],{"className":45,"code":133931,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133933,133934,133969,133991,133995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133935,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133947,133949,133951,133953,133956,133958,133960,133962,133965,133967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133937,7897],{"class":58},[52,133939,63],{"class":62},[52,133941,3743],{"class":66},[52,133943,189],{"class":188},[52,133945,133946],{"class":192},"apples",[52,133948,189],{"class":188},[52,133950,74],{"class":66},[52,133952,200],{"class":188},[52,133954,133955],{"class":192},"bananas",[52,133957,189],{"class":188},[52,133959,74],{"class":66},[52,133961,200],{"class":188},[52,133963,133964],{"class":192},"oranges",[52,133966,189],{"class":188},[52,133968,3756],{"class":66},[52,133970,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,133972,474],{"class":58},[52,133974,63],{"class":62},[52,133976,200],{"class":188},[52,133978,2311],{"class":192},[52,133980,189],{"class":188},[52,133982,89],{"class":66},[52,133984,133448],{"class":92},[52,133986,122],{"class":66},[52,133988,7928],{"class":92},[52,133990,127],{"class":66},[52,133992,133993],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133994,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,133996,133997,133999,134001,134003],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,133998,119],{"class":118},[52,134000,122],{"class":66},[52,134002,507],{"class":92},[52,134004,127],{"class":66},[20,134006,2193],{},[43,134008,134010],{"className":45,"code":134009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134011,134012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134013,134014,134016,134018,134021,134023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134015,133946],{"class":58},[52,134017,74],{"class":66},[52,134019,134020],{"class":58}," bananas",[52,134022,74],{"class":66},[52,134024,134025],{"class":58}," oranges\n",[1324,134027,134029],{"id":134028},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[43,134031,134033],{"className":45,"code":134032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134034,134035,134092,134110,134114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134036,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134038,921],{"class":58},[52,134040,63],{"class":62},[52,134042,3743],{"class":66},[52,134044,189],{"class":188},[52,134046,134047],{"class":192},"P",[52,134049,189],{"class":188},[52,134051,74],{"class":66},[52,134053,200],{"class":188},[52,134055,11861],{"class":192},[52,134057,189],{"class":188},[52,134059,74],{"class":66},[52,134061,200],{"class":188},[52,134063,63392],{"class":192},[52,134065,189],{"class":188},[52,134067,74],{"class":66},[52,134069,200],{"class":188},[52,134071,60547],{"class":192},[52,134073,189],{"class":188},[52,134075,74],{"class":66},[52,134077,200],{"class":188},[52,134079,60582],{"class":192},[52,134081,189],{"class":188},[52,134083,74],{"class":66},[52,134085,200],{"class":188},[52,134087,76134],{"class":192},[52,134089,189],{"class":188},[52,134091,3756],{"class":66},[52,134093,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134095,474],{"class":58},[52,134097,63],{"class":62},[52,134099,6246],{"class":188},[52,134101,89],{"class":66},[52,134103,133448],{"class":92},[52,134105,122],{"class":66},[52,134107,939],{"class":92},[52,134109,127],{"class":66},[52,134111,134112],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134113,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,134115,134116,134118,134120,134122],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,134117,119],{"class":118},[52,134119,122],{"class":66},[52,134121,507],{"class":92},[52,134123,127],{"class":66},[20,134125,2193],{},[43,134127,134129],{"className":45,"code":134128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python\n",[15,134130,134131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134132,134133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134134,134128],{"class":58},[1324,134136,134138,134139,134141],{"id":134137},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134140,133371],{}," returns the result",[43,134143,134145],{"className":45,"code":134144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134146,134147,134180,134203,134207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134148,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134176,134178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134150,1025],{"class":58},[52,134152,63],{"class":62},[52,134154,3743],{"class":66},[52,134156,189],{"class":188},[52,134158,6703],{"class":192},[52,134160,189],{"class":188},[52,134162,74],{"class":66},[52,134164,200],{"class":188},[52,134166,79375],{"class":192},[52,134168,189],{"class":188},[52,134170,74],{"class":66},[52,134172,200],{"class":188},[52,134174,134175],{"class":192},"three",[52,134177,189],{"class":188},[52,134179,3756],{"class":66},[52,134181,134182,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134183,134184],{"class":58},"joined_text ",[52,134186,63],{"class":62},[52,134188,200],{"class":188},[52,134190,2144],{"class":192},[52,134192,189],{"class":188},[52,134194,89],{"class":66},[52,134196,133448],{"class":92},[52,134198,122],{"class":66},[52,134200,1043],{"class":92},[52,134202,127],{"class":66},[52,134204,134205],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134206,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,134208,134209,134211,134213,134216],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,134210,119],{"class":118},[52,134212,122],{"class":66},[52,134214,134215],{"class":92},"joined_text",[52,134217,127],{"class":66},[20,134219,2193],{},[43,134221,134223],{"className":45,"code":134222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one-two-three\n",[15,134224,134225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134226,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134228,6703],{"class":58},[52,134230,2144],{"class":62},[52,134232,79375],{"class":58},[52,134234,2144],{"class":62},[52,134236,134237],{"class":58},"three\n",[38,134239,134241],{"id":134240},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134243,134244],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1324,134246,134248,134251],{"id":134247},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134249,134250],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[43,134253,134255],{"className":45,"code":134254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134256,134257,134281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134258,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134260,1025],{"class":58},[52,134262,63],{"class":62},[52,134264,3743],{"class":66},[52,134266,189],{"class":188},[52,134268,3964],{"class":192},[52,134270,189],{"class":188},[52,134272,74],{"class":66},[52,134274,200],{"class":188},[52,134276,60700],{"class":192},[52,134278,189],{"class":188},[52,134280,3756],{"class":66},[52,134282,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134284,119],{"class":118},[52,134286,122],{"class":66},[52,134288,189],{"class":188},[52,134290,200],{"class":188},[52,134292,89],{"class":66},[52,134294,133448],{"class":92},[52,134296,122],{"class":66},[52,134298,1043],{"class":92},[52,134300,2150],{"class":66},[20,134302,2193],{},[43,134304,134306],{"className":45,"code":134305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n",[15,134307,134308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134309,134310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134311,134305],{"class":58},[1324,134313,134315,134318],{"id":134314},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134316,134317],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[43,134320,134322],{"className":45,"code":134321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134323,134324,134356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134325,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134327,181],{"class":58},[52,134329,63],{"class":62},[52,134331,3743],{"class":66},[52,134333,189],{"class":188},[52,134335,193],{"class":192},[52,134337,189],{"class":188},[52,134339,74],{"class":66},[52,134341,200],{"class":188},[52,134343,203],{"class":192},[52,134345,189],{"class":188},[52,134347,74],{"class":66},[52,134349,200],{"class":188},[52,134351,231],{"class":192},[52,134353,189],{"class":188},[52,134355,3756],{"class":66},[52,134357,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134359,119],{"class":118},[52,134361,122],{"class":66},[52,134363,189],{"class":188},[52,134365,2311],{"class":192},[52,134367,189],{"class":188},[52,134369,89],{"class":66},[52,134371,133448],{"class":92},[52,134373,122],{"class":66},[52,134375,212],{"class":92},[52,134377,2150],{"class":66},[20,134379,2193],{},[43,134381,134383],{"className":45,"code":134382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134384,134385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134386,134387,134389,134391,134394,134396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134388,193],{"class":58},[52,134390,74],{"class":66},[52,134392,134393],{"class":58}," blue",[52,134395,74],{"class":66},[52,134397,35983],{"class":58},[20,134399,134400],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1324,134402,134404,134407],{"id":134403},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134405,134406],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[43,134409,134411],{"className":45,"code":134410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134412,134413,134445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134414,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134416,42945],{"class":58},[52,134418,63],{"class":62},[52,134420,3743],{"class":66},[52,134422,189],{"class":188},[52,134424,47],{"class":192},[52,134426,189],{"class":188},[52,134428,74],{"class":66},[52,134430,200],{"class":188},[52,134432,61283],{"class":192},[52,134434,189],{"class":188},[52,134436,74],{"class":66},[52,134438,200],{"class":188},[52,134440,133448],{"class":192},[52,134442,189],{"class":188},[52,134444,3756],{"class":66},[52,134446,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134448,119],{"class":118},[52,134450,122],{"class":66},[52,134452,189],{"class":188},[52,134454,2144],{"class":192},[52,134456,189],{"class":188},[52,134458,89],{"class":66},[52,134460,133448],{"class":92},[52,134462,122],{"class":66},[52,134464,42977],{"class":92},[52,134466,2150],{"class":66},[20,134468,2193],{},[43,134470,134472],{"className":45,"code":134471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python-string-join\n",[15,134473,134474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134475,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134477,47],{"class":58},[52,134479,2144],{"class":62},[52,134481,61283],{"class":58},[52,134483,2144],{"class":62},[52,134485,134486],{"class":58},"join\n",[1324,134488,134490,134493],{"id":134489},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134491,134492],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[43,134495,134497],{"className":45,"code":134496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134498,134499,134532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134500,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134528,134530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134502,113006],{"class":58},[52,134504,63],{"class":62},[52,134506,3743],{"class":66},[52,134508,189],{"class":188},[52,134510,22354],{"class":192},[52,134512,189],{"class":188},[52,134514,74],{"class":66},[52,134516,200],{"class":188},[52,134518,30709],{"class":192},[52,134520,189],{"class":188},[52,134522,74],{"class":66},[52,134524,200],{"class":188},[52,134526,134527],{"class":192},"C",[52,134529,189],{"class":188},[52,134531,3756],{"class":66},[52,134533,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134549],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134535,119],{"class":118},[52,134537,122],{"class":66},[52,134539,6392],{"class":188},[52,134541,89],{"class":66},[52,134543,133448],{"class":92},[52,134545,122],{"class":66},[52,134547,134548],{"class":92},"chars",[52,134550,2150],{"class":66},[20,134552,2193],{},[43,134554,134556],{"className":45,"code":134555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ABC\n",[15,134557,134558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134559,134560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134561,134555],{"class":34560},[38,134563,134565],{"id":134564},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134567,134568,134570],{},[15,134569,133371],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1324,134572,134574],{"id":134573},"this-works","This works",[43,134576,134578],{"className":45,"code":134577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134579,134580,134612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134581,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134583,357],{"class":58},[52,134585,63],{"class":62},[52,134587,3743],{"class":66},[52,134589,189],{"class":188},[52,134591,2452],{"class":192},[52,134593,189],{"class":188},[52,134595,74],{"class":66},[52,134597,200],{"class":188},[52,134599,15867],{"class":192},[52,134601,189],{"class":188},[52,134603,74],{"class":66},[52,134605,200],{"class":188},[52,134607,36948],{"class":192},[52,134609,189],{"class":188},[52,134611,3756],{"class":66},[52,134613,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134615,119],{"class":118},[52,134617,122],{"class":66},[52,134619,189],{"class":188},[52,134621,2311],{"class":192},[52,134623,189],{"class":188},[52,134625,89],{"class":66},[52,134627,133448],{"class":92},[52,134629,122],{"class":66},[52,134631,370],{"class":92},[52,134633,2150],{"class":66},[20,134635,2193],{},[43,134637,134639],{"className":45,"code":134638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134640,134641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134644,2452],{"class":70},[52,134646,74],{"class":66},[52,134648,7908],{"class":70},[52,134650,74],{"class":66},[52,134652,134653],{"class":70}," 30\n",[1324,134655,134657],{"id":134656},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[43,134659,134661],{"className":45,"code":134660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134662,134663,134683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134664,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134666,357],{"class":58},[52,134668,63],{"class":62},[52,134670,3743],{"class":66},[52,134672,71],{"class":70},[52,134674,74],{"class":66},[52,134676,77],{"class":70},[52,134678,74],{"class":66},[52,134680,104],{"class":70},[52,134682,3756],{"class":66},[52,134684,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134686,119],{"class":118},[52,134688,122],{"class":66},[52,134690,189],{"class":188},[52,134692,2311],{"class":192},[52,134694,189],{"class":188},[52,134696,89],{"class":66},[52,134698,133448],{"class":92},[52,134700,122],{"class":66},[52,134702,370],{"class":92},[52,134704,2150],{"class":66},[20,134706,90411,134707,134709],{},[15,134708,1713],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134711,134712],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[43,134714,134716],{"className":45,"code":134715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134717,134718,134738,134768,134772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134719,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134721,357],{"class":58},[52,134723,63],{"class":62},[52,134725,3743],{"class":66},[52,134727,71],{"class":70},[52,134729,74],{"class":66},[52,134731,77],{"class":70},[52,134733,74],{"class":66},[52,134735,104],{"class":70},[52,134737,3756],{"class":66},[52,134739,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134741,474],{"class":58},[52,134743,63],{"class":62},[52,134745,200],{"class":188},[52,134747,2311],{"class":192},[52,134749,189],{"class":188},[52,134751,89],{"class":66},[52,134753,133448],{"class":92},[52,134755,122],{"class":66},[52,134757,39966],{"class":118},[52,134759,122],{"class":66},[52,134761,3564],{"class":3020},[52,134763,74],{"class":66},[52,134765,4006],{"class":92},[52,134767,2150],{"class":66},[52,134769,134770],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134771,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,134773,134774,134776,134778,134780],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,134775,119],{"class":118},[52,134777,122],{"class":66},[52,134779,507],{"class":92},[52,134781,127],{"class":66},[20,134783,2193],{},[43,134785,134787],{"className":45,"code":134786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134788,134789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134790,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134792,71],{"class":70},[52,134794,74],{"class":66},[52,134796,77],{"class":70},[52,134798,74],{"class":66},[52,134800,2695],{"class":70},[20,134802,134803,134804,89],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[30,134805,3697,134806,3630],{"href":42283},[15,134807,47791],{},[1324,134809,134811,134813],{"id":134810},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134812,445],{}," values do not work directly",[43,134815,134817],{"className":45,"code":134816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134818,134819,134847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134820,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134822,357],{"class":58},[52,134824,63],{"class":62},[52,134826,3743],{"class":66},[52,134828,189],{"class":188},[52,134830,1125],{"class":192},[52,134832,189],{"class":188},[52,134834,74],{"class":66},[52,134836,3972],{"class":3971},[52,134838,74],{"class":66},[52,134840,200],{"class":188},[52,134842,1145],{"class":192},[52,134844,189],{"class":188},[52,134846,3756],{"class":66},[52,134848,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134850,119],{"class":118},[52,134852,122],{"class":66},[52,134854,189],{"class":188},[52,134856,2311],{"class":192},[52,134858,189],{"class":188},[52,134860,89],{"class":66},[52,134862,133448],{"class":92},[52,134864,122],{"class":66},[52,134866,370],{"class":92},[52,134868,2150],{"class":66},[20,134870,134871,134872,89],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134873,1713],{},[20,134875,134876],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[43,134878,134880],{"className":45,"code":134879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134881,134882,134910,134940,134944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134883,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134885,357],{"class":58},[52,134887,63],{"class":62},[52,134889,3743],{"class":66},[52,134891,189],{"class":188},[52,134893,1125],{"class":192},[52,134895,189],{"class":188},[52,134897,74],{"class":66},[52,134899,3972],{"class":3971},[52,134901,74],{"class":66},[52,134903,200],{"class":188},[52,134905,1145],{"class":192},[52,134907,189],{"class":188},[52,134909,3756],{"class":66},[52,134911,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,134913,474],{"class":58},[52,134915,63],{"class":62},[52,134917,200],{"class":188},[52,134919,2311],{"class":192},[52,134921,189],{"class":188},[52,134923,89],{"class":66},[52,134925,133448],{"class":92},[52,134927,122],{"class":66},[52,134929,39966],{"class":118},[52,134931,122],{"class":66},[52,134933,3564],{"class":3020},[52,134935,74],{"class":66},[52,134937,4006],{"class":92},[52,134939,2150],{"class":66},[52,134941,134942],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134943,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,134945,134946,134948,134950,134952],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,134947,119],{"class":118},[52,134949,122],{"class":66},[52,134951,507],{"class":92},[52,134953,127],{"class":66},[20,134955,2193],{},[43,134957,134959],{"className":45,"code":134958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134960,134961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134962,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134964,1125],{"class":58},[52,134966,74],{"class":66},[52,134968,3972],{"class":3971},[52,134970,74],{"class":66},[52,134972,134973],{"class":58}," banana\n",[20,134975,134976,134977,134979],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134978,445],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1324,134981,134983,134985],{"id":134982},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134984,133371],{}," also works with tuples",[43,134987,134989],{"className":45,"code":134988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134990,134991,135023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134992,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134994,5112],{"class":58},[52,134996,63],{"class":62},[52,134998,388],{"class":66},[52,135000,189],{"class":188},[52,135002,7795],{"class":192},[52,135004,189],{"class":188},[52,135006,74],{"class":66},[52,135008,200],{"class":188},[52,135010,131377],{"class":192},[52,135012,189],{"class":188},[52,135014,74],{"class":66},[52,135016,200],{"class":188},[52,135018,8040],{"class":192},[52,135020,189],{"class":188},[52,135022,127],{"class":66},[52,135024,135025,135027,135029,135031,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135026,119],{"class":118},[52,135028,122],{"class":66},[52,135030,189],{"class":188},[52,135032,135033],{"class":192}," \u002F ",[52,135035,189],{"class":188},[52,135037,89],{"class":66},[52,135039,133448],{"class":92},[52,135041,122],{"class":66},[52,135043,5156],{"class":92},[52,135045,2150],{"class":66},[20,135047,2193],{},[43,135049,135051],{"className":45,"code":135050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135052,135053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135054,135055,135058,135060,135063,135065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135056,135057],{"class":58},"Sam ",[52,135059,127181],{"class":62},[52,135061,135062],{"class":58}," Lee ",[52,135064,127181],{"class":62},[52,135066,22443],{"class":58},[38,135068,135070,135071],{"id":135069},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135072,133371],{},[20,135074,135075],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1324,135077,135079,135080,135082],{"id":135078},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135081,1713],{}," because not all items are strings",[43,135084,135086],{"className":45,"code":135085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135087,135088,135116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135089,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135091,7897],{"class":58},[52,135093,63],{"class":62},[52,135095,3743],{"class":66},[52,135097,189],{"class":188},[52,135099,30],{"class":192},[52,135101,189],{"class":188},[52,135103,74],{"class":66},[52,135105,77],{"class":70},[52,135107,74],{"class":66},[52,135109,200],{"class":188},[52,135111,1491],{"class":192},[52,135113,189],{"class":188},[52,135115,3756],{"class":66},[52,135117,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135119,119],{"class":118},[52,135121,122],{"class":66},[52,135123,189],{"class":188},[52,135125,200],{"class":188},[52,135127,89],{"class":66},[52,135129,133448],{"class":92},[52,135131,122],{"class":66},[52,135133,7928],{"class":92},[52,135135,2150],{"class":66},[20,135137,48618,135138,135140],{},[15,135139,99],{}," is an integer.",[20,135142,39368],{},[43,135144,135146],{"className":45,"code":135145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135147,135148,135176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135149,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135151,7897],{"class":58},[52,135153,63],{"class":62},[52,135155,3743],{"class":66},[52,135157,189],{"class":188},[52,135159,30],{"class":192},[52,135161,189],{"class":188},[52,135163,74],{"class":66},[52,135165,77],{"class":70},[52,135167,74],{"class":66},[52,135169,200],{"class":188},[52,135171,1491],{"class":192},[52,135173,189],{"class":188},[52,135175,3756],{"class":66},[52,135177,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135179,119],{"class":118},[52,135181,122],{"class":66},[52,135183,189],{"class":188},[52,135185,200],{"class":188},[52,135187,89],{"class":66},[52,135189,133448],{"class":92},[52,135191,122],{"class":66},[52,135193,39966],{"class":118},[52,135195,122],{"class":66},[52,135197,3564],{"class":3020},[52,135199,74],{"class":66},[52,135201,6085],{"class":92},[52,135203,3031],{"class":66},[20,135205,135206,135207,89],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[30,135208,1781,135210],{"href":135209},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135211,135212],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1324,135214,135216,135217,135219],{"id":135215},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135218,133371],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135221,4643],{},[43,135223,135225],{"className":45,"code":135224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135226,135227,135259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135228,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135230,1025],{"class":58},[52,135232,63],{"class":62},[52,135234,3743],{"class":66},[52,135236,189],{"class":188},[52,135238,7414],{"class":192},[52,135240,189],{"class":188},[52,135242,74],{"class":66},[52,135244,200],{"class":188},[52,135246,12310],{"class":192},[52,135248,189],{"class":188},[52,135250,74],{"class":66},[52,135252,200],{"class":188},[52,135254,133429],{"class":192},[52,135256,189],{"class":188},[52,135258,3756],{"class":66},[52,135260,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135262,474],{"class":58},[52,135264,63],{"class":62},[52,135266,6288],{"class":58},[52,135268,89],{"class":66},[52,135270,133448],{"class":92},[52,135272,122],{"class":66},[52,135274,189],{"class":188},[52,135276,200],{"class":188},[52,135278,127],{"class":66},[20,135280,135281,135283],{},[15,135282,133371],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135285,10925],{},[43,135287,135289],{"className":45,"code":135288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135290,135291,135323,135343,135347],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135292,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135294,1025],{"class":58},[52,135296,63],{"class":62},[52,135298,3743],{"class":66},[52,135300,189],{"class":188},[52,135302,7414],{"class":192},[52,135304,189],{"class":188},[52,135306,74],{"class":66},[52,135308,200],{"class":188},[52,135310,12310],{"class":192},[52,135312,189],{"class":188},[52,135314,74],{"class":66},[52,135316,200],{"class":188},[52,135318,133429],{"class":192},[52,135320,189],{"class":188},[52,135322,3756],{"class":66},[52,135324,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135326,474],{"class":58},[52,135328,63],{"class":62},[52,135330,200],{"class":188},[52,135332,200],{"class":188},[52,135334,89],{"class":66},[52,135336,133448],{"class":92},[52,135338,122],{"class":66},[52,135340,1043],{"class":92},[52,135342,127],{"class":66},[52,135344,135345],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135346,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,135348,135349,135351,135353,135355],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,135350,119],{"class":118},[52,135352,122],{"class":66},[52,135354,507],{"class":92},[52,135356,127],{"class":66},[1324,135358,135360],{"id":135359},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[43,135362,135364],{"className":45,"code":135363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135365,135366,135398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135367,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135369,1025],{"class":58},[52,135371,63],{"class":62},[52,135373,3743],{"class":66},[52,135375,189],{"class":188},[52,135377,6703],{"class":192},[52,135379,189],{"class":188},[52,135381,74],{"class":66},[52,135383,200],{"class":188},[52,135385,79375],{"class":192},[52,135387,189],{"class":188},[52,135389,74],{"class":66},[52,135391,200],{"class":188},[52,135393,134175],{"class":192},[52,135395,189],{"class":188},[52,135397,3756],{"class":66},[52,135399,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135401,119],{"class":118},[52,135403,122],{"class":66},[52,135405,6392],{"class":188},[52,135407,89],{"class":66},[52,135409,133448],{"class":92},[52,135411,122],{"class":66},[52,135413,1043],{"class":92},[52,135415,2150],{"class":66},[20,135417,2193],{},[43,135419,135421],{"className":45,"code":135420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"onetwothree\n",[15,135422,135423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135424,135425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135426,135420],{"class":58},[20,135428,135429,135430,1311],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135431,133516],{},[1324,135433,135435,135436,131639],{"id":135434},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135437,133371],{},[43,135439,135441],{"className":45,"code":135440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135442,135443,135475,135493,135497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135444,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135446,1025],{"class":58},[52,135448,63],{"class":62},[52,135450,3743],{"class":66},[52,135452,189],{"class":188},[52,135454,30],{"class":192},[52,135456,189],{"class":188},[52,135458,74],{"class":66},[52,135460,200],{"class":188},[52,135462,1393],{"class":192},[52,135464,189],{"class":188},[52,135466,74],{"class":66},[52,135468,200],{"class":188},[52,135470,1491],{"class":192},[52,135472,189],{"class":188},[52,135474,3756],{"class":66},[52,135476,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135478,189],{"class":43437},[52,135480,2144],{"class":43441},[52,135482,189],{"class":43437},[52,135484,89],{"class":66},[52,135486,133448],{"class":92},[52,135488,122],{"class":66},[52,135490,1043],{"class":92},[52,135492,127],{"class":66},[52,135494,135495],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135496,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,135498,135499,135501,135503,135505],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,135500,119],{"class":118},[52,135502,122],{"class":66},[52,135504,1043],{"class":92},[52,135506,127],{"class":66},[20,135508,2193],{},[43,135510,135511],{"className":45,"code":42984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,135512,135513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135514,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135516,4020],{"class":66},[52,135518,3420],{"class":188},[52,135520,30],{"class":192},[52,135522,3420],{"class":188},[52,135524,74],{"class":66},[52,135526,3415],{"class":188},[52,135528,1393],{"class":192},[52,135530,3420],{"class":188},[52,135532,74],{"class":66},[52,135534,3415],{"class":188},[52,135536,1491],{"class":192},[52,135538,3420],{"class":188},[52,135540,3756],{"class":66},[20,135542,135543,135544,135546],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135545,133371],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[38,135548,135550,135552,135553],{"id":135549},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135551,133371],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135554,2182],{},[20,135556,10708,135557,668,135559,135561],{},[15,135558,133371],{},[15,135560,2182],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1324,135563,137,135565,135567],{"id":135564},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135566,2182],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[43,135569,135571],{"className":45,"code":135570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135572,135573,135586,135599,135619,135623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135574,135575,135578,135580,135582,135584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135576,135577],{"class":58},"first ",[52,135579,63],{"class":62},[52,135581,200],{"class":188},[52,135583,34975],{"class":192},[52,135585,3479],{"class":188},[52,135587,135588,135591,135593,135595,135597],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135589,135590],{"class":58},"second ",[52,135592,63],{"class":62},[52,135594,200],{"class":188},[52,135596,89840],{"class":192},[52,135598,3479],{"class":188},[52,135600,135601,135603,135605,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135602,474],{"class":58},[52,135604,63],{"class":62},[52,135606,135607],{"class":58}," first ",[52,135609,2182],{"class":62},[52,135611,200],{"class":188},[52,135613,200],{"class":188},[52,135615,2575],{"class":62},[52,135617,135618],{"class":58}," second\n",[52,135620,135621],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,135622,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,135624,135625,135627,135629,135631],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,135626,119],{"class":118},[52,135628,122],{"class":66},[52,135630,507],{"class":92},[52,135632,127],{"class":66},[20,135634,2193],{},[43,135636,135638],{"className":45,"code":135637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello World\n",[15,135639,135640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135641,135642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135643,135637],{"class":58},[1324,135645,137,135647,135649],{"id":135646},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135648,133371],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[43,135651,135653],{"className":45,"code":135652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135654,135655,135697,135717,135721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135656,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667,135669,135671,135673,135676,135678,135680,135682,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135658,1025],{"class":58},[52,135660,63],{"class":62},[52,135662,3743],{"class":66},[52,135664,189],{"class":188},[52,135666,7414],{"class":192},[52,135668,189],{"class":188},[52,135670,74],{"class":66},[52,135672,200],{"class":188},[52,135674,135675],{"class":192},"makes",[52,135677,189],{"class":188},[52,135679,74],{"class":66},[52,135681,200],{"class":188},[52,135683,135684],{"class":192},"this",[52,135686,189],{"class":188},[52,135688,74],{"class":66},[52,135690,200],{"class":188},[52,135692,133870],{"class":192},[52,135694,189],{"class":188},[52,135696,3756],{"class":66},[52,135698,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135700,474],{"class":58},[52,135702,63],{"class":62},[52,135704,200],{"class":188},[52,135706,200],{"class":188},[52,135708,89],{"class":66},[52,135710,133448],{"class":92},[52,135712,122],{"class":66},[52,135714,1043],{"class":92},[52,135716,127],{"class":66},[52,135718,135719],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135720,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,135722,135723,135725,135727,135729],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,135724,119],{"class":118},[52,135726,122],{"class":66},[52,135728,507],{"class":92},[52,135730,127],{"class":66},[20,135732,2193],{},[43,135734,135736],{"className":45,"code":135735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135737,135738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135739,135740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135741,135735],{"class":58},[20,135743,135744,135746],{},[15,135745,133371],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[154,135748,135749,135752,135755],{},[157,135750,135751],{},"You already have a list of strings",[157,135753,135754],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[157,135756,135757,135758,135760],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135759,2182],{}," operators",[20,135762,135763,135764,89],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[30,135765,135767],{"href":135766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[38,135769,135771],{"id":135770},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135773,8997,135774,135776],{},[15,135775,133371],{}," is not working, check these first:",[154,135778,135779,135782,135787,135796,135802],{},[157,135780,135781],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[157,135783,135784,135785],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135786,445],{},[157,135788,135789,135790,1990,135793],{},"You may have written ",[15,135791,135792],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135794,135795],{},"string.join(...)",[157,135797,135798,135799,135801],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135800,133371],{}," to change the original iterable",[157,135803,135804],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135806,94480],{},[43,135808,135810],{"className":45,"code":135809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135811,135812,135826,135836,135860,135900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135813,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822,135824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135815,119],{"class":118},[52,135817,122],{"class":66},[52,135819,3340],{"class":3020},[52,135821,122],{"class":66},[52,135823,7928],{"class":92},[52,135825,2150],{"class":66},[52,135827,135828,135830,135832,135834],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,135829,119],{"class":118},[52,135831,122],{"class":66},[52,135833,7928],{"class":92},[52,135835,127],{"class":66},[52,135837,135838,135840,135842,135844,135846,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135839,119],{"class":118},[52,135841,96],{"class":66},[52,135843,3340],{"class":3020},[52,135845,122],{"class":66},[52,135847,23420],{"class":92},[52,135849,3782],{"class":66},[52,135851,3997],{"class":3996},[52,135853,6080],{"class":92},[52,135855,4003],{"class":3996},[52,135857,6085],{"class":92},[52,135859,112],{"class":66},[52,135861,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,135863,119],{"class":118},[52,135865,122],{"class":66},[52,135867,3420],{"class":188},[52,135869,3415],{"class":188},[52,135871,89],{"class":66},[52,135873,133448],{"class":92},[52,135875,96],{"class":66},[52,135877,3420],{"class":188},[52,135879,30],{"class":192},[52,135881,3420],{"class":188},[52,135883,74],{"class":66},[52,135885,3415],{"class":188},[52,135887,1393],{"class":192},[52,135889,3420],{"class":188},[52,135891,74],{"class":66},[52,135893,3415],{"class":188},[52,135895,1491],{"class":192},[52,135897,3420],{"class":188},[52,135899,3117],{"class":66},[52,135901,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,135903,119],{"class":118},[52,135905,122],{"class":66},[52,135907,3420],{"class":188},[52,135909,2311],{"class":192},[52,135911,3420],{"class":188},[52,135913,89],{"class":66},[52,135915,133448],{"class":92},[52,135917,122],{"class":66},[52,135919,39966],{"class":118},[52,135921,122],{"class":66},[52,135923,3564],{"class":3020},[52,135925,74],{"class":66},[52,135927,3743],{"class":66},[52,135929,71],{"class":70},[52,135931,74],{"class":66},[52,135933,77],{"class":70},[52,135935,74],{"class":66},[52,135937,104],{"class":70},[52,135939,37371],{"class":66},[20,135941,135942],{},"What these checks do:",[154,135944,135945,135953,135959,135965,135974],{},[157,135946,135947,135950,135951,8216],{},[15,135948,135949],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135952,7928],{},[157,135954,135955,135958],{},[15,135956,135957],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[157,135960,135961,135964],{},[15,135962,135963],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[157,135966,135967,135970,135971,135973],{},[15,135968,135969],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135972,133371],{}," behavior",[157,135975,135976,135979],{},[15,135977,135978],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[38,135981,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,135983,1937,135985,135987],{"id":135984},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135986,133371],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135989,135990,135991,135993,135994,89],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135992,133371],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135995,135996],{},"map(str, values)",[1324,135998,1937,136000,57272],{"id":135999},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136001,133371],{},[20,136003,136004],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1324,136006,1949,136008,62740],{"id":136007},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136009,133371],{},[20,136011,42260,136012,136014],{},[15,136013,133371],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1324,136016,5260,136018,40067],{"id":136017},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136019,136020],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136022,136023],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1324,136025,136027,136028,136030,136031,1964],{"id":136026},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136029,1713],{}," when using ",[15,136032,133371],{},[20,136034,136035],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[38,136037,1996],{"id":1995},[154,136039,136040,136045,136051,136057,136063],{},[157,136041,136042],{},[30,136043,136044],{"href":135766},"How to join strings in Python",[157,136046,136047],{},[30,136048,126289,136049,10859],{"href":128976},[15,136050,60640],{},[157,136052,136053],{},[30,136054,3697,136055,3630],{"href":42283},[15,136056,47791],{},[157,136058,136059],{},[30,136060,30458,136061],{"href":135209},[15,136062,135212],{},[157,136064,136065],{},[30,136066,125044],{"href":51084},[20,136068,97435,136069,136071],{},[15,136070,133371],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2044,136073,136074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":136076},[136077,136078,136080,136083,136090,136100,136108,136118,136125,136126,136138],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":133488,"depth":83,"text":136079},"What join() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":136081},[136082],{"id":49117,"depth":115,"text":49118},{"id":121819,"depth":83,"text":121820,"children":136084},[136085,136086,136087,136088],{"id":133835,"depth":115,"text":133836},{"id":133927,"depth":115,"text":133928},{"id":134028,"depth":115,"text":134029},{"id":134137,"depth":115,"text":136089},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134240,"depth":83,"text":134241,"children":136091},[136092,136094,136096,136098],{"id":134247,"depth":115,"text":136093},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134314,"depth":115,"text":136095},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134403,"depth":115,"text":136097},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134489,"depth":115,"text":136099},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134564,"depth":83,"text":134565,"children":136101},[136102,136103,136104,136106],{"id":134573,"depth":115,"text":134574},{"id":134656,"depth":115,"text":134657},{"id":134810,"depth":115,"text":136105},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134982,"depth":115,"text":136107},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135069,"depth":83,"text":136109,"children":136110},"Common errors with join()",[136111,136113,136115,136116],{"id":135078,"depth":115,"text":136112},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135215,"depth":115,"text":136114},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135359,"depth":115,"text":135360},{"id":135434,"depth":115,"text":136117},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135549,"depth":83,"text":136119,"children":136120},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136121,136123],{"id":135564,"depth":115,"text":136122},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135646,"depth":115,"text":136124},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135770,"depth":83,"text":135771},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":136127},[136128,136130,136132,136134,136136],{"id":135984,"depth":115,"text":136129},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135999,"depth":115,"text":136131},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136007,"depth":115,"text":136133},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136017,"depth":115,"text":136135},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136026,"depth":115,"text":136137},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133363,"description":136139},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136146,"title":136147,"body":136148,"description":137716,"extension":2083,"meta":137717,"navigation":240,"path":137718,"seo":137719,"stem":137720,"__hash__":137721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136149,"toc":137683},[136150,136155,136160,136162,136176,136221,136228,136233,136238,136240,136256,136265,136267,136269,136284,136286,136296,136298,136360,136362,136365,136426,136428,136444,136446,136459,136462,136509,136511,136517,136520,136523,136583,136591,136677,136681,136686,136688,136702,136705,136790,136793,136851,136862,136917,136919,136926,136932,136938,136982,136985,137032,137034,137036,137043,137045,137076,137079,137081,137112,137116,137119,137121,137161,137163,137206,137212,137217,137219,137246,137251,137254,137303,137307,137310,137385,137396,137399,137456,137463,137469,137477,137482,137489,137496,137514,137516,137570,137578,137580,137585,137588,137594,137600,137605,137608,137614,137620,137627,137635,137637,137680],[10,136151,123289,136153,18],{"id":136152},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136154,124019],{},[20,136156,123294,136157,136159],{},[15,136158,124019],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136161,24197],{},[154,136163,136164,136167,136170,136173],{},[157,136165,136166],{},"convert text to lowercase",[157,136168,136169],{},"compare text without case differences",[157,136171,136172],{},"clean up user input",[157,136174,136175],{},"make simple text matching easier",[43,136177,136179],{"className":45,"code":136178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136180,136181,136194,136208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136182,136183,136185,136187,136189,136192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136184,34795],{"class":58},[52,136186,63],{"class":62},[52,136188,200],{"class":188},[52,136190,136191],{"class":192},"Hello WORLD",[52,136193,3479],{"class":188},[52,136195,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204,136206],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136197,474],{"class":58},[52,136199,63],{"class":62},[52,136201,42950],{"class":58},[52,136203,89],{"class":66},[52,136205,8761],{"class":92},[52,136207,8764],{"class":66},[52,136209,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136211,119],{"class":118},[52,136213,122],{"class":66},[52,136215,507],{"class":92},[52,136217,3782],{"class":66},[52,136219,136220],{"class":133},"  # hello world\n",[20,136222,136223,89063,136225,136227],{},[984,136224,83921],{},[15,136226,124019],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[38,136229,144,136231,147],{"id":136230},"what-lower-does",[15,136232,124019],{},[20,136234,136235,136237],{},[15,136236,124019],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136239,13169],{},[154,136241,136242,136247,136250,136253],{},[157,136243,136244,136246],{},[15,136245,124019],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[157,136248,136249],{},"It works on string objects",[157,136251,136252],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[157,136254,136255],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136257,125041,136258,136262,136263,89],{},[30,136259,136261],{"href":136260},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[30,136264,51085],{"href":51084},[38,136266,268],{"id":267},[20,136268,2282],{},[43,136270,136272],{"className":45,"code":136271,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.lower()\n",[15,136273,136274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136275,136276,136278,136280,136282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136277,61283],{"class":58},[52,136279,89],{"class":66},[52,136281,8761],{"class":92},[52,136283,8764],{"class":66},[20,136285,43759],{},[154,136287,136288,136290,136293],{},[157,136289,97613],{},[157,136291,136292],{},"You call it directly on a string",[157,136294,136295],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136297,347],{},[43,136299,136301],{"className":45,"code":136300,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136302,136303,136326,136330,136343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136304,136305,136307,136309,136311,136314,136316,136318,136320,136323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136306,119],{"class":118},[52,136308,122],{"class":66},[52,136310,189],{"class":188},[52,136312,136313],{"class":192},"HELLO",[52,136315,189],{"class":188},[52,136317,89],{"class":66},[52,136319,8761],{"class":92},[52,136321,136322],{"class":66},"())",[52,136324,136325],{"class":133},"  # hello\n",[52,136327,136328],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136329,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136331,136332,136334,136336,136338,136341],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136333,7995],{"class":58},[52,136335,63],{"class":62},[52,136337,200],{"class":188},[52,136339,136340],{"class":192},"PyThOn",[52,136342,3479],{"class":188},[52,136344,136345,136347,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136346,119],{"class":118},[52,136348,122],{"class":66},[52,136350,7786],{"class":92},[52,136352,89],{"class":66},[52,136354,8761],{"class":92},[52,136356,136322],{"class":66},[52,136358,136359],{"class":133},"  # python\n",[38,136361,11592],{"id":11591},[20,136363,136364],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[43,136366,136368],{"className":45,"code":136367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136369,136370,136382,136386,136401,136405,136416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136371,136372,136374,136376,136378,136380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136373,34795],{"class":58},[52,136375,63],{"class":62},[52,136377,200],{"class":188},[52,136379,136191],{"class":192},[52,136381,3479],{"class":188},[52,136383,136384],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136385,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136387,136388,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136389,136390],{"class":58},"lower_text ",[52,136392,63],{"class":62},[52,136394,42950],{"class":58},[52,136396,89],{"class":66},[52,136398,8761],{"class":92},[52,136400,8764],{"class":66},[52,136402,136403],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136404,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136406,136407,136409,136411,136414],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,136408,119],{"class":118},[52,136410,122],{"class":66},[52,136412,136413],{"class":92},"lower_text",[52,136415,127],{"class":66},[52,136417,136418,136420,136422,136424],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,136419,119],{"class":118},[52,136421,122],{"class":66},[52,136423,34816],{"class":92},[52,136425,127],{"class":66},[20,136427,2193],{},[43,136429,136431],{"className":45,"code":136430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136432,136433,136437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136434,136435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136436,134305],{"class":58},[52,136438,136439,136441],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136440,131705],{"class":58},[52,136442,136443],{"class":34560},"WORLD\n",[20,136445,24717],{},[154,136447,136448,136453],{},[157,136449,136450,136452],{},[15,136451,124019],{}," returns the lowercase result",[157,136454,136455,136456,136458],{},"the original ",[15,136457,34816],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136460,136461],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[43,136463,136465],{"className":45,"code":136464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136466,136467,136479,136493,136497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136468,136469,136471,136473,136475,136477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136470,34795],{"class":58},[52,136472,63],{"class":62},[52,136474,200],{"class":188},[52,136476,136191],{"class":192},[52,136478,3479],{"class":188},[52,136480,136481,136483,136485,136487,136489,136491],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136482,34795],{"class":58},[52,136484,63],{"class":62},[52,136486,42950],{"class":58},[52,136488,89],{"class":66},[52,136490,8761],{"class":92},[52,136492,8764],{"class":66},[52,136494,136495],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136496,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136498,136499,136501,136503,136505,136507],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136500,119],{"class":118},[52,136502,122],{"class":66},[52,136504,34816],{"class":92},[52,136506,3782],{"class":66},[52,136508,136220],{"class":133},[38,136510,17533],{"id":17532},[20,136512,136513,22084,136515,89],{},[15,136514,124019],{},[984,136516,61283],{},[20,136518,136519],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136521,136522],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[43,136524,136526],{"className":45,"code":136525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136527,136528,136542,136546,136569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136529,136530,136533,136535,136537,136540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136531,136532],{"class":58},"answer ",[52,136534,63],{"class":62},[52,136536,200],{"class":188},[52,136538,136539],{"class":192},"YES",[52,136541,3479],{"class":188},[52,136543,136544],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136545,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136547,136548,136550,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565,136567],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136549,7115],{"class":3996},[52,136551,136552],{"class":58}," answer",[52,136554,89],{"class":66},[52,136556,8761],{"class":92},[52,136558,7483],{"class":66},[52,136560,6529],{"class":62},[52,136562,200],{"class":188},[52,136564,8779],{"class":192},[52,136566,189],{"class":188},[52,136568,6514],{"class":66},[52,136570,136571,136573,136575,136577,136579,136581],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136572,8188],{"class":118},[52,136574,122],{"class":66},[52,136576,189],{"class":188},[52,136578,96927],{"class":192},[52,136580,189],{"class":188},[52,136582,127],{"class":66},[20,136584,136585,136586,152],{},"This is especially useful with ",[30,136587,136588,136589,2424],{"href":8339},"the ",[15,136590,3077],{},[43,136592,136594],{"className":45,"code":136593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136595,136596,136615,136619,136641,136656,136662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136597,136598,136600,136602,136604,136606,136608,136611,136613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136599,136532],{"class":58},[52,136601,63],{"class":62},[52,136603,8362],{"class":118},[52,136605,122],{"class":66},[52,136607,189],{"class":188},[52,136609,136610],{"class":192},"Type yes or no: ",[52,136612,189],{"class":188},[52,136614,127],{"class":66},[52,136616,136617],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136618,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136620,136621,136623,136625,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635,136637,136639],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136622,7115],{"class":3996},[52,136624,136552],{"class":58},[52,136626,89],{"class":66},[52,136628,8761],{"class":92},[52,136630,7483],{"class":66},[52,136632,6529],{"class":62},[52,136634,200],{"class":188},[52,136636,8779],{"class":192},[52,136638,189],{"class":188},[52,136640,6514],{"class":66},[52,136642,136643,136645,136647,136649,136652,136654],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136644,8188],{"class":118},[52,136646,122],{"class":66},[52,136648,189],{"class":188},[52,136650,136651],{"class":192},"You typed yes",[52,136653,189],{"class":188},[52,136655,127],{"class":66},[52,136657,136658,136660],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,136659,27544],{"class":3996},[52,136661,6514],{"class":66},[52,136663,136664,136666,136668,136670,136673,136675],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,136665,8188],{"class":118},[52,136667,122],{"class":66},[52,136669,189],{"class":188},[52,136671,136672],{"class":192},"You typed something else",[52,136674,189],{"class":188},[52,136676,127],{"class":66},[38,136678,136680],{"id":136679},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136682,136683,136685],{},[15,136684,124019],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136687,7460],{},[154,136689,136690,136693,136696,136699],{},[157,136691,136692],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[157,136694,136695],{},"Make text matching easier",[157,136697,136698],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[157,136700,136701],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136703,136704],{},"Example: checking user input",[43,136706,136708],{"className":45,"code":136707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136709,136710,136728,136732,136754,136769,136775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136711,136712,136714,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136713,45067],{"class":58},[52,136715,63],{"class":62},[52,136717,8362],{"class":118},[52,136719,122],{"class":66},[52,136721,189],{"class":188},[52,136723,45078],{"class":192},[52,136725,189],{"class":188},[52,136727,127],{"class":66},[52,136729,136730],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136731,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136733,136734,136736,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750,136752],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136735,7115],{"class":3996},[52,136737,35960],{"class":58},[52,136739,89],{"class":66},[52,136741,8761],{"class":92},[52,136743,7483],{"class":66},[52,136745,6529],{"class":62},[52,136747,200],{"class":188},[52,136749,203],{"class":192},[52,136751,189],{"class":188},[52,136753,6514],{"class":66},[52,136755,136756,136758,136760,136762,136765,136767],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136757,8188],{"class":118},[52,136759,122],{"class":66},[52,136761,189],{"class":188},[52,136763,136764],{"class":192},"Nice choice!",[52,136766,189],{"class":188},[52,136768,127],{"class":66},[52,136770,136771,136773],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,136772,27544],{"class":3996},[52,136774,6514],{"class":66},[52,136776,136777,136779,136781,136783,136786,136788],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,136778,8188],{"class":118},[52,136780,122],{"class":66},[52,136782,189],{"class":188},[52,136784,136785],{"class":192},"Got it.",[52,136787,189],{"class":188},[52,136789,127],{"class":66},[20,136791,136792],{},"Example: simple search",[43,136794,136796],{"className":45,"code":136795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136797,136798,136811,136815,136836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136799,136800,136802,136804,136806,136809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136801,90107],{"class":58},[52,136803,63],{"class":62},[52,136805,200],{"class":188},[52,136807,136808],{"class":192},"Python Is Fun",[52,136810,3479],{"class":188},[52,136812,136813],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136814,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136816,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825,136827,136830,136832,136834],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136818,7115],{"class":3996},[52,136820,200],{"class":188},[52,136822,47],{"class":192},[52,136824,189],{"class":188},[52,136826,21284],{"class":62},[52,136828,136829],{"class":58}," message",[52,136831,89],{"class":66},[52,136833,8761],{"class":92},[52,136835,21706],{"class":66},[52,136837,136838,136840,136842,136844,136847,136849],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136839,8188],{"class":118},[52,136841,122],{"class":66},[52,136843,189],{"class":188},[52,136845,136846],{"class":192},"Found it",[52,136848,189],{"class":188},[52,136850,127],{"class":66},[20,136852,136853,136854,136856,136857,152],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136855,124019],{}," is often used with ",[30,136858,136860],{"href":136859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136861,41761],{},[43,136863,136865],{"className":45,"code":136864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136866,136867,136880,136899,136903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136868,136869,136871,136873,136875,136878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136870,7995],{"class":58},[52,136872,63],{"class":62},[52,136874,200],{"class":188},[52,136876,136877],{"class":192},"  ALICE  ",[52,136879,3479],{"class":188},[52,136881,136882,136885,136887,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136883,136884],{"class":58},"clean_name ",[52,136886,63],{"class":62},[52,136888,36101],{"class":58},[52,136890,89],{"class":66},[52,136892,8755],{"class":92},[52,136894,8758],{"class":66},[52,136896,8761],{"class":92},[52,136898,8764],{"class":66},[52,136900,136901],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136902,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136904,136905,136907,136909,136912,136914],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136906,119],{"class":118},[52,136908,122],{"class":66},[52,136910,136911],{"class":92},"clean_name",[52,136913,3782],{"class":66},[52,136915,136916],{"class":133},"  # alice\n",[38,136918,15711],{"id":15710},[20,136920,136921,136922,136925],{},"Strings are ",[984,136923,136924],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136927,136928,136929,136931],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136930,124019],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136933,136934,136935,136937],{},"So this does ",[984,136936,986],{}," update the original variable:",[43,136939,136941],{"className":45,"code":136940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136942,136943,136955,136965,136969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136944,136945,136947,136949,136951,136953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136946,34795],{"class":58},[52,136948,63],{"class":62},[52,136950,200],{"class":188},[52,136952,136313],{"class":192},[52,136954,3479],{"class":188},[52,136956,136957,136959,136961,136963],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,136958,34816],{"class":58},[52,136960,89],{"class":66},[52,136962,8761],{"class":92},[52,136964,8764],{"class":66},[52,136966,136967],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136968,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,136970,136971,136973,136975,136977,136979],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,136972,119],{"class":118},[52,136974,122],{"class":66},[52,136976,34816],{"class":92},[52,136978,3782],{"class":66},[52,136980,136981],{"class":133},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136983,136984],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[43,136986,136988],{"className":45,"code":136987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136989,136990,137002,137016,137020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136991,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136993,34795],{"class":58},[52,136995,63],{"class":62},[52,136997,200],{"class":188},[52,136999,136313],{"class":192},[52,137001,3479],{"class":188},[52,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137005,34795],{"class":58},[52,137007,63],{"class":62},[52,137009,42950],{"class":58},[52,137011,89],{"class":66},[52,137013,8761],{"class":92},[52,137015,8764],{"class":66},[52,137017,137018],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137019,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,137021,137022,137024,137026,137028,137030],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,137023,119],{"class":118},[52,137025,122],{"class":66},[52,137027,34816],{"class":92},[52,137029,3782],{"class":66},[52,137031,136325],{"class":133},[38,137033,2948],{"id":2947},[1324,137035,25797],{"id":25796},[20,137037,137038,137039,1990,137041,89],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137040,8761],{},[15,137042,124019],{},[20,137044,16757],{},[43,137046,137048],{"className":45,"code":137047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137049,137050,137062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137051,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137053,34795],{"class":58},[52,137055,63],{"class":62},[52,137057,200],{"class":188},[52,137059,136313],{"class":192},[52,137061,3479],{"class":188},[52,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137072,137074],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137065,119],{"class":118},[52,137067,122],{"class":66},[52,137069,34816],{"class":92},[52,137071,89],{"class":66},[52,137073,8761],{"class":24860},[52,137075,127],{"class":66},[20,137077,137078],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137080,16769],{},[43,137082,137084],{"className":45,"code":137083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137085,137086,137098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137087,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137089,34795],{"class":58},[52,137091,63],{"class":62},[52,137093,200],{"class":188},[52,137095,136313],{"class":192},[52,137097,3479],{"class":188},[52,137099,137100,137102,137104,137106,137108,137110],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137101,119],{"class":118},[52,137103,122],{"class":66},[52,137105,34816],{"class":92},[52,137107,89],{"class":66},[52,137109,8761],{"class":92},[52,137111,7312],{"class":66},[1324,137113,137115],{"id":137114},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137117,137118],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137120,16757],{},[43,137122,137124],{"className":45,"code":137123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137125,137126,137138,137148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137127,137128,137130,137132,137134,137136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137129,34795],{"class":58},[52,137131,63],{"class":62},[52,137133,200],{"class":188},[52,137135,136313],{"class":192},[52,137137,3479],{"class":188},[52,137139,137140,137142,137144,137146],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137141,34816],{"class":58},[52,137143,89],{"class":66},[52,137145,8761],{"class":92},[52,137147,8764],{"class":66},[52,137149,137150,137152,137154,137156,137158],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137151,119],{"class":118},[52,137153,122],{"class":66},[52,137155,34816],{"class":92},[52,137157,3782],{"class":66},[52,137159,137160],{"class":133},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137162,16769],{},[43,137164,137166],{"className":45,"code":137165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137167,137168,137180,137194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137169,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137171,34795],{"class":58},[52,137173,63],{"class":62},[52,137175,200],{"class":188},[52,137177,136313],{"class":192},[52,137179,3479],{"class":188},[52,137181,137182,137184,137186,137188,137190,137192],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137183,34795],{"class":58},[52,137185,63],{"class":62},[52,137187,42950],{"class":58},[52,137189,89],{"class":66},[52,137191,8761],{"class":92},[52,137193,8764],{"class":66},[52,137195,137196,137198,137200,137202,137204],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137197,119],{"class":118},[52,137199,122],{"class":66},[52,137201,34816],{"class":92},[52,137203,3782],{"class":66},[52,137205,136325],{"class":133},[1324,137207,8538,137209,137211],{"id":137208},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137210,124019],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137213,137214,137216],{},[15,137215,124019],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137218,16757],{},[43,137220,137222],{"className":45,"code":137221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137223,137224,137232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137225,137226,137228,137230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137227,2339],{"class":58},[52,137229,63],{"class":62},[52,137231,124971],{"class":70},[52,137233,137234,137236,137238,137240,137242,137244],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137235,119],{"class":118},[52,137237,122],{"class":66},[52,137239,2361],{"class":92},[52,137241,89],{"class":66},[52,137243,8761],{"class":92},[52,137245,7312],{"class":66},[20,137247,137248,137249,33707],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137250,124019],{},[20,137252,137253],{},"You can check the type first:",[43,137255,137257],{"className":45,"code":137256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137258,137259,137271,137275,137289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137260,137261,137263,137265,137267,137269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137262,34795],{"class":58},[52,137264,63],{"class":62},[52,137266,200],{"class":188},[52,137268,136313],{"class":192},[52,137270,3479],{"class":188},[52,137272,137273],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137274,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,137276,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137278,119],{"class":118},[52,137280,122],{"class":66},[52,137282,3340],{"class":3020},[52,137284,122],{"class":66},[52,137286,34816],{"class":92},[52,137288,2150],{"class":66},[52,137290,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299,137301],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,137292,119],{"class":118},[52,137294,122],{"class":66},[52,137296,34816],{"class":92},[52,137298,89],{"class":66},[52,137300,8761],{"class":92},[52,137302,7312],{"class":66},[1324,137304,137306],{"id":137305},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137308,137309],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[43,137311,137313],{"className":45,"code":137312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137314,137315,137328,137332,137349,137364,137370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137316,137317,137319,137321,137323,137326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137318,136532],{"class":58},[52,137320,63],{"class":62},[52,137322,200],{"class":188},[52,137324,137325],{"class":192},"Yes",[52,137327,3479],{"class":188},[52,137329,137330],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137331,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,137333,137334,137336,137339,137341,137343,137345,137347],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137335,7115],{"class":3996},[52,137337,137338],{"class":58}," answer ",[52,137340,4805],{"class":62},[52,137342,200],{"class":188},[52,137344,8779],{"class":192},[52,137346,189],{"class":188},[52,137348,6514],{"class":66},[52,137350,137351,137353,137355,137357,137360,137362],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,137352,8188],{"class":118},[52,137354,122],{"class":66},[52,137356,189],{"class":188},[52,137358,137359],{"class":192},"Match",[52,137361,189],{"class":188},[52,137363,127],{"class":66},[52,137365,137366,137368],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,137367,27544],{"class":3996},[52,137369,6514],{"class":66},[52,137371,137372,137374,137376,137378,137381,137383],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,137373,8188],{"class":118},[52,137375,122],{"class":66},[52,137377,189],{"class":188},[52,137379,137380],{"class":192},"No match",[52,137382,189],{"class":188},[52,137384,127],{"class":66},[20,137386,29171,137387,668,137390,137393,137394,89],{},[15,137388,137389],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137391,137392],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137395,137380],{},[20,137397,137398],{},"Better:",[43,137400,137402],{"className":45,"code":137401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137403,137404,137416,137420,137442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137405,137406,137408,137410,137412,137414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137407,136532],{"class":58},[52,137409,63],{"class":62},[52,137411,200],{"class":188},[52,137413,137325],{"class":192},[52,137415,3479],{"class":188},[52,137417,137418],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137419,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,137421,137422,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137423,7115],{"class":3996},[52,137425,136552],{"class":58},[52,137427,89],{"class":66},[52,137429,8761],{"class":92},[52,137431,7483],{"class":66},[52,137433,6529],{"class":62},[52,137435,200],{"class":188},[52,137437,8779],{"class":192},[52,137439,189],{"class":188},[52,137441,6514],{"class":66},[52,137443,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,137445,8188],{"class":118},[52,137447,122],{"class":66},[52,137449,189],{"class":188},[52,137451,137359],{"class":192},[52,137453,189],{"class":188},[52,137455,127],{"class":66},[1324,137457,44322,137459,137462],{"id":137458},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137460,137461],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137464,137465,137466,137468],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137467,124019],{}," is enough.",[20,137470,137471,137472,137474,137475,89],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137473,137461],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137476,124019],{},[20,137478,137479,137480,122531],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137481,124019],{},[38,137483,137485,1083,137487],{"id":137484},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137486,124019],{},[15,137488,128167],{},[20,137490,137491,668,137493,137495],{},[15,137492,124019],{},[15,137494,128167],{}," are very similar.",[154,137497,137498,137503,137508,137511],{},[157,137499,137500,137502],{},[15,137501,124019],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[157,137504,137505,137507],{},[15,137506,128167],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[157,137509,137510],{},"Both return new strings",[157,137512,137513],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137515,347],{},[43,137517,137519],{"className":45,"code":137518,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137520,137521,137533,137537,137553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137522,137523,137525,137527,137529,137531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137524,34795],{"class":58},[52,137526,63],{"class":62},[52,137528,200],{"class":188},[52,137530,129008],{"class":192},[52,137532,3479],{"class":188},[52,137534,137535],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137536,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,137538,137539,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137540,119],{"class":118},[52,137542,122],{"class":66},[52,137544,34816],{"class":92},[52,137546,89],{"class":66},[52,137548,8761],{"class":92},[52,137550,136322],{"class":66},[52,137552,136220],{"class":133},[52,137554,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563,137565,137567],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,137556,119],{"class":118},[52,137558,122],{"class":66},[52,137560,34816],{"class":92},[52,137562,89],{"class":66},[52,137564,34585],{"class":92},[52,137566,136322],{"class":66},[52,137568,137569],{"class":133},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137571,137572,137573,89],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[30,137574,126289,137576,10859],{"href":137575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137577,128167],{},[38,137579,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,137581,1937,137583,124616],{"id":137582},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137584,124019],{},[20,137586,137587],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1324,137589,1937,137591,137593],{"id":137590},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137592,124019],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137595,137596,137597,89],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137598,137599],{},"string.lower()",[1324,137601,5260,137603,12832],{"id":137602},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137604,124019],{},[20,137606,137607],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1324,137609,1949,137611,137613],{"id":137610},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137612,124019],{}," on user input?",[20,137615,137616,137617,137619],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137618,3077],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1324,137621,1959,137623,668,137625,1964],{"id":137622},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137624,124019],{},[15,137626,137461],{},[20,137628,137629,137631,137632,137634],{},[15,137630,124019],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137633,137461],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[38,137636,1996],{"id":1995},[154,137638,137639,137643,137649,137655,137661,137665,137669,137675],{},[157,137640,137641],{},[30,137642,51085],{"href":51084},[157,137644,137645],{},[30,137646,126289,137647,10859],{"href":137575},[15,137648,128167],{},[157,137650,137651],{},[30,137652,126289,137653,10859],{"href":136859},[15,137654,41761],{},[157,137656,137657],{},[30,137658,126289,137659,10859],{"href":129870},[15,137660,124460],{},[157,137662,137663],{},[30,137664,124688],{"href":123544},[157,137666,137667],{},[30,137668,90783],{"href":89792},[157,137670,137671],{},[30,137672,3697,137673,3630],{"href":8339},[15,137674,3077],{},[157,137676,137677],{},[30,137678,137679],{"href":136260},"What is a string in Python?",[2044,137681,137682],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":137684},[137685,137687,137688,137689,137690,137691,137692,137701,137703,137715],{"id":136230,"depth":83,"text":137686},"What lower() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":136679,"depth":83,"text":136680},{"id":15710,"depth":83,"text":15711},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":137693},[137694,137695,137696,137698,137699],{"id":25796,"depth":115,"text":25797},{"id":137114,"depth":115,"text":137115},{"id":137208,"depth":115,"text":137697},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137305,"depth":115,"text":137306},{"id":137458,"depth":115,"text":137700},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137484,"depth":83,"text":137702},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":137704},[137705,137707,137709,137711,137713],{"id":137582,"depth":115,"text":137706},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137590,"depth":115,"text":137708},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137602,"depth":115,"text":137710},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137610,"depth":115,"text":137712},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137622,"depth":115,"text":137714},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136147,"description":137716},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137723,"title":137724,"body":137725,"description":139275,"extension":2083,"meta":139276,"navigation":240,"path":139277,"seo":139278,"stem":139279,"__hash__":139280},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137726,"toc":139236},[137727,137732,137737,137743,137758,137760,137820,137822,137831,137837,137842,137847,137849,137863,137867,137869,137916,137918,137936,137938,137941,138012,138014,138028,138031,138043,138052,138056,138061,138066,138070,138136,138138,138147,138151,138216,138218,138227,138230,138235,138239,138244,138248,138309,138311,138320,138324,138327,138383,138385,138394,138397,138410,138412,138416,138423,138485,138487,138500,138506,138509,138516,138521,138526,138529,138537,138539,138600,138602,138611,138614,138661,138664,138711,138713,138718,138735,138742,138747,138800,138802,138810,138812,138869,138871,138879,138883,138930,138932,138940,138948,138952,139000,139002,139011,139016,139067,139069,139078,139085,139088,139109,139111,139116,139119,139123,139126,139130,139133,139160,139166,139169,139196,139201,139203,139205,139233],[10,137728,123289,137730,18],{"id":137729},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137731,124460],{},[20,137733,123294,137734,137736],{},[15,137735,124460],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137738,137739,137740,137742],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137741,124460],{},". You will learn:",[154,137744,137745,137749,137752,137755],{},[157,137746,26129,137747,147],{},[15,137748,124460],{},[157,137750,137751],{},"how its syntax works",[157,137753,137754],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[157,137756,137757],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[38,137759,2125],{"id":2124},[43,137761,137763],{"className":45,"code":137762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137764,137765,137778,137810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137766,137767,137769,137771,137773,137776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137768,34795],{"class":58},[52,137770,63],{"class":62},[52,137772,200],{"class":188},[52,137774,137775],{"class":192},"I like cats",[52,137777,3479],{"class":188},[52,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790,137792,137794,137797,137799,137801,137803,137806,137808],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137781,130128],{"class":58},[52,137783,63],{"class":62},[52,137785,42950],{"class":58},[52,137787,89],{"class":66},[52,137789,35107],{"class":92},[52,137791,122],{"class":66},[52,137793,189],{"class":188},[52,137795,137796],{"class":192},"cats",[52,137798,189],{"class":188},[52,137800,74],{"class":66},[52,137802,200],{"class":188},[52,137804,137805],{"class":192},"dogs",[52,137807,189],{"class":188},[52,137809,127],{"class":66},[52,137811,137812,137814,137816,137818],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137813,119],{"class":118},[52,137815,122],{"class":66},[52,137817,130159],{"class":92},[52,137819,127],{"class":66},[20,137821,2193],{},[43,137823,137825],{"className":45,"code":137824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like dogs\n",[15,137826,137827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137828,137829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137830,137824],{"class":58},[20,137832,137,137833,137836],{},[15,137834,137835],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[38,137838,144,137840,147],{"id":137839},"what-replace-does",[15,137841,124460],{},[20,137843,137844,137846],{},[15,137845,124460],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137848,13169],{},[154,137850,137851,137853,137855,137858],{},[157,137852,133537],{},[157,137854,136255],{},[157,137856,137857],{},"It works on exact matches",[157,137859,137860,137861],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137862,41367],{},[20,137864,125041,137865,89],{},[30,137866,125044],{"href":51084},[38,137868,5549],{"id":5548},[43,137870,137872],{"className":45,"code":137871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137873,137874,137894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137875,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137887,137889,137892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137877,61283],{"class":58},[52,137879,89],{"class":66},[52,137881,35107],{"class":92},[52,137883,122],{"class":66},[52,137885,137886],{"class":92},"old",[52,137888,74],{"class":66},[52,137890,137891],{"class":92}," new",[52,137893,127],{"class":66},[52,137895,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904,137906,137908,137910,137912,137914],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137897,61283],{"class":58},[52,137899,89],{"class":66},[52,137901,35107],{"class":92},[52,137903,122],{"class":66},[52,137905,137886],{"class":92},[52,137907,74],{"class":66},[52,137909,137891],{"class":92},[52,137911,74],{"class":66},[52,137913,49710],{"class":92},[52,137915,127],{"class":66},[1324,137917,17509],{"id":17508},[154,137919,137920,137925,137931],{},[157,137921,137922,137924],{},[15,137923,137886],{}," = the text to find",[157,137926,137927,137930],{},[15,137928,137929],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[157,137932,137933,137935],{},[15,137934,41367],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[38,137937,5906],{"id":5905},[20,137939,137940],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[43,137942,137944],{"className":45,"code":137943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137945,137946,137958,137988,137992,138002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137947,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137949,34795],{"class":58},[52,137951,63],{"class":62},[52,137953,200],{"class":188},[52,137955,137775],{"class":192},[52,137957,3479],{"class":188},[52,137959,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980,137982,137984,137986],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,137961,130128],{"class":58},[52,137963,63],{"class":62},[52,137965,42950],{"class":58},[52,137967,89],{"class":66},[52,137969,35107],{"class":92},[52,137971,122],{"class":66},[52,137973,189],{"class":188},[52,137975,137796],{"class":192},[52,137977,189],{"class":188},[52,137979,74],{"class":66},[52,137981,200],{"class":188},[52,137983,137805],{"class":192},[52,137985,189],{"class":188},[52,137987,127],{"class":66},[52,137989,137990],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137991,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,137993,137994,137996,137998,138000],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,137995,119],{"class":118},[52,137997,122],{"class":66},[52,137999,34816],{"class":92},[52,138001,127],{"class":66},[52,138003,138004,138006,138008,138010],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,138005,119],{"class":118},[52,138007,122],{"class":66},[52,138009,130159],{"class":92},[52,138011,127],{"class":66},[20,138013,2193],{},[43,138015,138017],{"className":45,"code":138016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138018,138019,138024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138020,138021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138022,138023],{"class":58},"I like cats\n",[52,138025,138026],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138027,137824],{"class":58},[20,138029,138030],{},"Notice what happened:",[154,138032,138033,138038],{},[157,138034,138035,138037],{},[15,138036,34816],{}," did not change",[157,138039,138040,138042],{},[15,138041,130159],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138044,138045,138046,138048,138049,138051],{},"This happens because strings are ",[984,138047,136924],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138050,124460],{}," return a new string instead.",[38,138053,138055],{"id":138054},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138057,89801,138058,138060],{},[15,138059,124460],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138062,138063,138064,36728],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138065,41367],{},[1324,138067,138069],{"id":138068},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[43,138071,138073],{"className":45,"code":138072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138074,138075,138088,138122,138126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138076,138077,138079,138081,138083,138086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138078,34795],{"class":58},[52,138080,63],{"class":62},[52,138082,200],{"class":188},[52,138084,138085],{"class":192},"cat cat cat",[52,138087,3479],{"class":188},[52,138089,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138091,474],{"class":58},[52,138093,63],{"class":62},[52,138095,42950],{"class":58},[52,138097,89],{"class":66},[52,138099,35107],{"class":92},[52,138101,122],{"class":66},[52,138103,189],{"class":188},[52,138105,950],{"class":192},[52,138107,189],{"class":188},[52,138109,74],{"class":66},[52,138111,200],{"class":188},[52,138113,1034],{"class":192},[52,138115,189],{"class":188},[52,138117,74],{"class":66},[52,138119,5616],{"class":70},[52,138121,127],{"class":66},[52,138123,138124],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138125,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,138127,138128,138130,138132,138134],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,138129,119],{"class":118},[52,138131,122],{"class":66},[52,138133,507],{"class":92},[52,138135,127],{"class":66},[20,138137,2193],{},[43,138139,138141],{"className":45,"code":138140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138142,138143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138144,138145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138146,138140],{"class":58},[1324,138148,138150],{"id":138149},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[43,138152,138154],{"className":45,"code":138153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138155,138156,138168,138202,138206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138157,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138159,34795],{"class":58},[52,138161,63],{"class":62},[52,138163,200],{"class":188},[52,138165,138085],{"class":192},[52,138167,3479],{"class":188},[52,138169,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180,138182,138184,138186,138188,138190,138192,138194,138196,138198,138200],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138171,474],{"class":58},[52,138173,63],{"class":62},[52,138175,42950],{"class":58},[52,138177,89],{"class":66},[52,138179,35107],{"class":92},[52,138181,122],{"class":66},[52,138183,189],{"class":188},[52,138185,950],{"class":192},[52,138187,189],{"class":188},[52,138189,74],{"class":66},[52,138191,200],{"class":188},[52,138193,1034],{"class":192},[52,138195,189],{"class":188},[52,138197,74],{"class":66},[52,138199,77],{"class":70},[52,138201,127],{"class":66},[52,138203,138204],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138205,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,138207,138208,138210,138212,138214],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,138209,119],{"class":118},[52,138211,122],{"class":66},[52,138213,507],{"class":92},[52,138215,127],{"class":66},[20,138217,2193],{},[43,138219,138221],{"className":45,"code":138220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138222,138223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138224,138225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138226,138220],{"class":58},[20,138228,138229],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138231,138232,138233,89],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[30,138234,128013],{"href":124457},[38,138236,138238],{"id":138237},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138240,138241,138243],{},[15,138242,124460],{}," can also change single characters.",[1324,138245,138247],{"id":138246},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[43,138249,138251],{"className":45,"code":138250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138252,138253,138265,138295,138299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138254,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138256,34795],{"class":58},[52,138258,63],{"class":62},[52,138260,200],{"class":188},[52,138262,1145],{"class":192},[52,138264,3479],{"class":188},[52,138266,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138268,474],{"class":58},[52,138270,63],{"class":62},[52,138272,42950],{"class":58},[52,138274,89],{"class":66},[52,138276,35107],{"class":92},[52,138278,122],{"class":66},[52,138280,189],{"class":188},[52,138282,30],{"class":192},[52,138284,189],{"class":188},[52,138286,74],{"class":66},[52,138288,200],{"class":188},[52,138290,60582],{"class":192},[52,138292,189],{"class":188},[52,138294,127],{"class":66},[52,138296,138297],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138298,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,138300,138301,138303,138305,138307],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,138302,119],{"class":118},[52,138304,122],{"class":66},[52,138306,507],{"class":92},[52,138308,127],{"class":66},[20,138310,2193],{},[43,138312,138314],{"className":45,"code":138313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bonono\n",[15,138315,138316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138317,138318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138319,138313],{"class":58},[1324,138321,138323],{"id":138322},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138325,138326],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[43,138328,138330],{"className":45,"code":138329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138331,138332,138345,138369,138373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138333,138334,138336,138338,138340,138343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138335,34795],{"class":58},[52,138337,63],{"class":62},[52,138339,200],{"class":188},[52,138341,138342],{"class":192},"a b c",[52,138344,3479],{"class":188},[52,138346,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138348,474],{"class":58},[52,138350,63],{"class":62},[52,138352,42950],{"class":58},[52,138354,89],{"class":66},[52,138356,35107],{"class":92},[52,138358,122],{"class":66},[52,138360,189],{"class":188},[52,138362,200],{"class":188},[52,138364,74],{"class":66},[52,138366,6246],{"class":188},[52,138368,127],{"class":66},[52,138370,138371],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138372,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,138374,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,138376,119],{"class":118},[52,138378,122],{"class":66},[52,138380,507],{"class":92},[52,138382,127],{"class":66},[20,138384,2193],{},[43,138386,138388],{"className":45,"code":138387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abc\n",[15,138389,138390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138391,138392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138393,138387],{"class":58},[20,138395,138396],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138398,138399,138400,138404,138405,138409],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[30,138401,126289,138402,10859],{"href":128976},[15,138403,60640],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[30,138406,126289,138407,10859],{"href":136859},[15,138408,41761],{}," is often a better choice.",[38,138411,123936],{"id":123935},[20,138413,138414,123747],{},[15,138415,124460],{},[20,138417,127334,138418,668,138420,127341],{},[15,138419,990],{},[15,138421,138422],{},"\"Cat\"",[43,138424,138426],{"className":45,"code":138425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138427,138428,138441,138471,138475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138429,138430,138432,138434,138436,138439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138431,34795],{"class":58},[52,138433,63],{"class":62},[52,138435,200],{"class":188},[52,138437,138438],{"class":192},"Cat cat CAT",[52,138440,3479],{"class":188},[52,138442,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138444,474],{"class":58},[52,138446,63],{"class":62},[52,138448,42950],{"class":58},[52,138450,89],{"class":66},[52,138452,35107],{"class":92},[52,138454,122],{"class":66},[52,138456,189],{"class":188},[52,138458,950],{"class":192},[52,138460,189],{"class":188},[52,138462,74],{"class":66},[52,138464,200],{"class":188},[52,138466,1034],{"class":192},[52,138468,189],{"class":188},[52,138470,127],{"class":66},[52,138472,138473],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138474,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,138476,138477,138479,138481,138483],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,138478,119],{"class":118},[52,138480,122],{"class":66},[52,138482,507],{"class":92},[52,138484,127],{"class":66},[20,138486,2193],{},[43,138488,138490],{"className":45,"code":138489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138491,138492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138493,138494,138497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138495,138496],{"class":58},"Cat dog ",[52,138498,138499],{"class":34560},"CAT\n",[20,138501,138502,138503,138505],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138504,990],{}," was replaced.",[20,138507,138508],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138510,138511,138512,89],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[30,138513,126289,138514,10859],{"href":124016},[15,138515,124019],{},[38,138517,144,138519,11822],{"id":138518},"what-replace-returns",[15,138520,124460],{},[20,138522,138523,138525],{},[15,138524,124460],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138527,138528],{},"If no match is found:",[154,138530,138531,138534],{},[157,138532,138533],{},"no error happens",[157,138535,138536],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138538,347],{},[43,138540,138542],{"className":45,"code":138541,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138543,138544,138556,138586,138590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138545,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138547,34795],{"class":58},[52,138549,63],{"class":62},[52,138551,200],{"class":188},[52,138553,3964],{"class":192},[52,138555,3479],{"class":188},[52,138557,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138559,474],{"class":58},[52,138561,63],{"class":62},[52,138563,42950],{"class":58},[52,138565,89],{"class":66},[52,138567,35107],{"class":92},[52,138569,122],{"class":66},[52,138571,189],{"class":188},[52,138573,930],{"class":192},[52,138575,189],{"class":188},[52,138577,74],{"class":66},[52,138579,200],{"class":188},[52,138581,11861],{"class":192},[52,138583,189],{"class":188},[52,138585,127],{"class":66},[52,138587,138588],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138589,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,138591,138592,138594,138596,138598],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,138593,119],{"class":118},[52,138595,122],{"class":66},[52,138597,507],{"class":92},[52,138599,127],{"class":66},[20,138601,2193],{},[43,138603,138605],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello\n",[15,138606,138607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138608,138609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138610,138604],{"class":58},[20,138612,138613],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[43,138615,138617],{"className":45,"code":138616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138618,138619,138631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138620,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138622,34795],{"class":58},[52,138624,63],{"class":62},[52,138626,200],{"class":188},[52,138628,60515],{"class":192},[52,138630,3479],{"class":188},[52,138632,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138634,130128],{"class":58},[52,138636,63],{"class":62},[52,138638,42950],{"class":58},[52,138640,89],{"class":66},[52,138642,35107],{"class":92},[52,138644,122],{"class":66},[52,138646,189],{"class":188},[52,138648,60700],{"class":192},[52,138650,189],{"class":188},[52,138652,74],{"class":66},[52,138654,200],{"class":188},[52,138656,7414],{"class":192},[52,138658,189],{"class":188},[52,138660,127],{"class":66},[20,138662,138663],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[43,138665,138667],{"className":45,"code":138666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138668,138669,138681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138670,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138672,34795],{"class":58},[52,138674,63],{"class":62},[52,138676,200],{"class":188},[52,138678,60515],{"class":192},[52,138680,3479],{"class":188},[52,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138684,34795],{"class":58},[52,138686,63],{"class":62},[52,138688,42950],{"class":58},[52,138690,89],{"class":66},[52,138692,35107],{"class":92},[52,138694,122],{"class":66},[52,138696,189],{"class":188},[52,138698,60700],{"class":192},[52,138700,189],{"class":188},[52,138702,74],{"class":66},[52,138704,200],{"class":188},[52,138706,7414],{"class":192},[52,138708,189],{"class":188},[52,138710,127],{"class":66},[38,138712,4636],{"id":4635},[20,138714,138715,138716,152],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138717,124460],{},[154,138719,138720,138723,138727,138730],{},[157,138721,138722],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[157,138724,8574,138725,131509],{},[15,138726,124460],{},[157,138728,138729],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[157,138731,37310,138732,138734],{},[15,138733,124460],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1324,138736,138738,138739,138741],{"id":138737},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138740,124460],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138743,138744,138745,152],{},"This does not update ",[15,138746,34816],{},[43,138748,138750],{"className":45,"code":138749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138751,138752,138764,138790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138753,138754,138756,138758,138760,138762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138755,34795],{"class":58},[52,138757,63],{"class":62},[52,138759,200],{"class":188},[52,138761,137775],{"class":192},[52,138763,3479],{"class":188},[52,138765,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138767,34816],{"class":58},[52,138769,89],{"class":66},[52,138771,35107],{"class":92},[52,138773,122],{"class":66},[52,138775,189],{"class":188},[52,138777,137796],{"class":192},[52,138779,189],{"class":188},[52,138781,74],{"class":66},[52,138783,200],{"class":188},[52,138785,137805],{"class":192},[52,138787,189],{"class":188},[52,138789,127],{"class":66},[52,138791,138792,138794,138796,138798],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138793,119],{"class":118},[52,138795,122],{"class":66},[52,138797,34816],{"class":92},[52,138799,127],{"class":66},[20,138801,2193],{},[43,138803,138804],{"className":45,"code":138023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138805,138806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138807,138808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138809,138023],{"class":58},[20,138811,10925],{},[43,138813,138815],{"className":45,"code":138814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138816,138817,138829,138859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138818,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138820,34795],{"class":58},[52,138822,63],{"class":62},[52,138824,200],{"class":188},[52,138826,137775],{"class":192},[52,138828,3479],{"class":188},[52,138830,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138832,34795],{"class":58},[52,138834,63],{"class":62},[52,138836,42950],{"class":58},[52,138838,89],{"class":66},[52,138840,35107],{"class":92},[52,138842,122],{"class":66},[52,138844,189],{"class":188},[52,138846,137796],{"class":192},[52,138848,189],{"class":188},[52,138850,74],{"class":66},[52,138852,200],{"class":188},[52,138854,137805],{"class":192},[52,138856,189],{"class":188},[52,138858,127],{"class":66},[52,138860,138861,138863,138865,138867],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138862,119],{"class":118},[52,138864,122],{"class":66},[52,138866,34816],{"class":92},[52,138868,127],{"class":66},[20,138870,2193],{},[43,138872,138873],{"className":45,"code":137824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138874,138875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138876,138877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138878,137824],{"class":58},[1324,138880,138882],{"id":138881},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[43,138884,138886],{"className":45,"code":138885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138887,138888,138900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138889,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138891,34795],{"class":58},[52,138893,63],{"class":62},[52,138895,200],{"class":188},[52,138897,34975],{"class":192},[52,138899,3479],{"class":188},[52,138901,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138903,119],{"class":118},[52,138905,122],{"class":66},[52,138907,34816],{"class":92},[52,138909,89],{"class":66},[52,138911,35107],{"class":92},[52,138913,122],{"class":66},[52,138915,189],{"class":188},[52,138917,3964],{"class":192},[52,138919,189],{"class":188},[52,138921,74],{"class":66},[52,138923,200],{"class":188},[52,138925,90036],{"class":192},[52,138927,189],{"class":188},[52,138929,2150],{"class":66},[20,138931,2193],{},[43,138933,138934],{"className":45,"code":89049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138935,138936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138937,138938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138939,89049],{"class":58},[20,138941,138942,138943,668,138945,138947],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138944,64640],{},[15,138946,90518],{}," are not the same.",[1324,138949,138951],{"id":138950},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[43,138953,138955],{"className":45,"code":138954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138956,138957,138970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138958,138959,138961,138963,138965,138968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138960,34795],{"class":58},[52,138962,63],{"class":62},[52,138964,200],{"class":188},[52,138966,138967],{"class":192},"red red red",[52,138969,3479],{"class":188},[52,138971,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,138973,119],{"class":118},[52,138975,122],{"class":66},[52,138977,34816],{"class":92},[52,138979,89],{"class":66},[52,138981,35107],{"class":92},[52,138983,122],{"class":66},[52,138985,189],{"class":188},[52,138987,193],{"class":192},[52,138989,189],{"class":188},[52,138991,74],{"class":66},[52,138993,200],{"class":188},[52,138995,203],{"class":192},[52,138997,189],{"class":188},[52,138999,2150],{"class":66},[20,139001,2193],{},[43,139003,139005],{"className":45,"code":139004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139006,139007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139008,139009],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139010,139004],{"class":58},[20,139012,139013,139014,152],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139015,41367],{},[43,139017,139019],{"className":45,"code":139018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139020,139021,139033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139022,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139024,34795],{"class":58},[52,139026,63],{"class":62},[52,139028,200],{"class":188},[52,139030,138967],{"class":192},[52,139032,3479],{"class":188},[52,139034,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139036,119],{"class":118},[52,139038,122],{"class":66},[52,139040,34816],{"class":92},[52,139042,89],{"class":66},[52,139044,35107],{"class":92},[52,139046,122],{"class":66},[52,139048,189],{"class":188},[52,139050,193],{"class":192},[52,139052,189],{"class":188},[52,139054,74],{"class":66},[52,139056,200],{"class":188},[52,139058,203],{"class":192},[52,139060,189],{"class":188},[52,139062,74],{"class":66},[52,139064,5616],{"class":70},[52,139066,2150],{"class":66},[20,139068,2193],{},[43,139070,139072],{"className":45,"code":139071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue red red\n",[15,139073,139074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139075,139076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139077,139071],{"class":58},[1324,139079,139081,139082,139084],{"id":139080},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139083,124460],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139086,139087],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[154,139089,139090,139097,139104],{},[157,139091,137,139092,139096],{},[30,139093,139094],{"href":128976},[15,139095,60640],{}," to break a string into a list",[157,139098,137,139099,139103],{},[30,139100,139101],{"href":136859},[15,139102,41761],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[157,139105,137,139106,139108],{},[15,139107,124460],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[38,139110,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,139112,1937,139114,124616],{"id":139113},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139115,124460],{},[20,139117,139118],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1324,139120,139122],{"id":139121},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139124,139125],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1324,139127,139129],{"id":139128},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139131,139132],{},"Use the third argument:",[43,139134,139136],{"className":45,"code":139135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139137,139138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139139,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139141,34816],{"class":58},[52,139143,89],{"class":66},[52,139145,35107],{"class":92},[52,139147,122],{"class":66},[52,139149,137886],{"class":92},[52,139151,74],{"class":66},[52,139153,137891],{"class":92},[52,139155,74],{"class":66},[52,139157,5616],{"class":70},[52,139159,127],{"class":66},[1324,139161,5288,139163,139165],{"id":139162},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139164,124460],{}," remove text?",[20,139167,139168],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[43,139170,139172],{"className":45,"code":139171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139173,139174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139175,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139177,34816],{"class":58},[52,139179,89],{"class":66},[52,139181,35107],{"class":92},[52,139183,122],{"class":66},[52,139185,189],{"class":188},[52,139187,930],{"class":192},[52,139189,189],{"class":188},[52,139191,74],{"class":66},[52,139193,6246],{"class":188},[52,139195,127],{"class":66},[1324,139197,15018,139199,124625],{"id":139198},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139200,124460],{},[20,139202,129818],{},[38,139204,1996],{"id":1995},[154,139206,139207,139211,139217,139223,139229],{},[157,139208,139209],{},[30,139210,124695],{"href":124457},[157,139212,139213],{},[30,139214,126289,139215,10859],{"href":128976},[15,139216,60640],{},[157,139218,139219],{},[30,139220,126289,139221,10859],{"href":136859},[15,139222,41761],{},[157,139224,139225],{},[30,139226,126289,139227,10859],{"href":124016},[15,139228,124019],{},[157,139230,139231],{},[30,139232,125044],{"href":51084},[2044,139234,139235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":139237},[139238,139239,139241,139244,139245,139249,139253,139254,139256,139264,139274],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":137839,"depth":83,"text":139240},"What replace() does",{"id":5548,"depth":83,"text":5549,"children":139242},[139243],{"id":17508,"depth":115,"text":17509},{"id":5905,"depth":83,"text":5906},{"id":138054,"depth":83,"text":138055,"children":139246},[139247,139248],{"id":138068,"depth":115,"text":138069},{"id":138149,"depth":115,"text":138150},{"id":138237,"depth":83,"text":138238,"children":139250},[139251,139252],{"id":138246,"depth":115,"text":138247},{"id":138322,"depth":115,"text":138323},{"id":123935,"depth":83,"text":123936},{"id":138518,"depth":83,"text":139255},"What replace() returns",{"id":4635,"depth":83,"text":4636,"children":139257},[139258,139260,139261,139262],{"id":138737,"depth":115,"text":139259},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138881,"depth":115,"text":138882},{"id":138950,"depth":115,"text":138951},{"id":139080,"depth":115,"text":139263},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":139265},[139266,139268,139269,139270,139272],{"id":139113,"depth":115,"text":139267},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139121,"depth":115,"text":139122},{"id":139128,"depth":115,"text":139129},{"id":139162,"depth":115,"text":139271},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139198,"depth":115,"text":139273},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137724,"description":139275},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139282,"title":139283,"body":139284,"description":141303,"extension":2083,"meta":141304,"navigation":240,"path":141305,"seo":141306,"stem":141307,"__hash__":141308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139285,"toc":141267},[139286,139291,139296,139299,139310,139312,139367,139372,139377,139384,139386,139401,139403,139459,139461,139499,139504,139506,139530,139533,139546,139551,139553,139585,139587,139620,139626,139631,139634,139644,139647,139649,139705,139707,139757,139760,139768,139771,139827,139829,139902,139915,139923,139927,139938,139941,139944,139997,139999,140031,140034,140088,140090,140125,140128,140133,140138,140143,140146,140148,140206,140208,140242,140244,140259,140262,140264,140306,140308,140334,140339,140347,140350,140352,140434,140436,140487,140490,140501,140509,140511,140584,140586,140604,140608,140611,140615,140642,140644,140652,140656,140691,140693,140706,140710,140713,140752,140754,140771,140776,140781,140792,140795,140806,140808,140810,140836,140839,140888,140890,140907,140910,140912,140964,140966,140998,141001,141059,141064,141066,141071,141174,141176,141190,141192,141199,141204,141209,141214,141219,141224,141227,141231,141236,141238,141264],[10,139287,123289,139289,18],{"id":139288},"python-string-split-method",[15,139290,60640],{},[20,139292,123294,139293,139295],{},[15,139294,60640],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139297,139298],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[154,139300,139301,139304,139307],{},[157,139302,139303],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[157,139305,139306],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[157,139308,139309],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[38,139311,2125],{"id":2124},[43,139313,139315],{"className":45,"code":139314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139316,139317,139330,139352,139362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139318,139319,139321,139323,139325,139328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139320,34795],{"class":58},[52,139322,63],{"class":62},[52,139324,200],{"class":188},[52,139326,139327],{"class":192},"apple,banana,cherry",[52,139329,3479],{"class":188},[52,139331,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139333,42945],{"class":58},[52,139335,63],{"class":62},[52,139337,42950],{"class":58},[52,139339,89],{"class":66},[52,139341,34576],{"class":92},[52,139343,122],{"class":66},[52,139345,189],{"class":188},[52,139347,74],{"class":192},[52,139349,189],{"class":188},[52,139351,127],{"class":66},[52,139353,139354,139356,139358,139360],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139355,119],{"class":118},[52,139357,122],{"class":66},[52,139359,42977],{"class":92},[52,139361,127],{"class":66},[52,139363,139364],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,139365,139366],{"class":133},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139368,137,139369,139371],{},[15,139370,60640],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[38,139373,144,139375,147],{"id":139374},"what-split-does",[15,139376,60640],{},[20,139378,139379,132337,139381,89],{},[15,139380,60640],{},[984,139382,139383],{},"string method",[20,139385,49035],{},[154,139387,139388,139391,139396],{},[157,139389,139390],{},"divides a string into parts",[157,139392,119591,139393],{},[984,139394,139395],{},"new list of strings",[157,139397,119597,139398,139400],{},[984,139399,986],{}," change the original string",[20,139402,347],{},[43,139404,139406],{"className":45,"code":139405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139407,139408,139421,139435,139439,139449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139409,139410,139412,139414,139416,139419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139411,34795],{"class":58},[52,139413,63],{"class":62},[52,139415,200],{"class":188},[52,139417,139418],{"class":192},"red blue green",[52,139420,3479],{"class":188},[52,139422,139423,139425,139427,139429,139431,139433],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139424,42945],{"class":58},[52,139426,63],{"class":62},[52,139428,42950],{"class":58},[52,139430,89],{"class":66},[52,139432,34576],{"class":92},[52,139434,8764],{"class":66},[52,139436,139437],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139438,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,139440,139441,139443,139445,139447],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,139442,119],{"class":118},[52,139444,122],{"class":66},[52,139446,34816],{"class":92},[52,139448,127],{"class":66},[52,139450,139451,139453,139455,139457],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,139452,119],{"class":118},[52,139454,122],{"class":66},[52,139456,42977],{"class":92},[52,139458,127],{"class":66},[20,139460,2193],{},[43,139462,139464],{"className":45,"code":139463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139465,139466,139471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139467,139468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139469,139470],{"class":58},"red blue green\n",[52,139472,139473,139475,139477,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139474,4020],{"class":66},[52,139476,3420],{"class":188},[52,139478,193],{"class":192},[52,139480,3420],{"class":188},[52,139482,74],{"class":66},[52,139484,3415],{"class":188},[52,139486,203],{"class":192},[52,139488,3420],{"class":188},[52,139490,74],{"class":66},[52,139492,3415],{"class":188},[52,139494,231],{"class":192},[52,139496,3420],{"class":188},[52,139498,3756],{"class":66},[20,139500,139501,139502,89],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[30,139503,125044],{"href":51084},[38,139505,268],{"id":267},[43,139507,139509],{"className":45,"code":139508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139510,139511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139512,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139514,61283],{"class":58},[52,139516,89],{"class":66},[52,139518,34576],{"class":92},[52,139520,122],{"class":66},[52,139522,133693],{"class":92},[52,139524,74],{"class":66},[52,139526,139527],{"class":92}," maxsplit",[52,139529,127],{"class":66},[20,139531,139532],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[154,139534,139535,139540],{},[157,139536,139537,139539],{},[15,139538,133693],{}," tells Python where to split",[157,139541,139542,139545],{},[15,139543,139544],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139547,8997,139548,139550],{},[15,139549,133693],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139552,347],{},[43,139554,139556],{"className":45,"code":139555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139557,139558,139571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139559,139560,139562,139564,139566,139569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139561,34795],{"class":58},[52,139563,63],{"class":62},[52,139565,200],{"class":188},[52,139567,139568],{"class":192},"one two three",[52,139570,3479],{"class":188},[52,139572,139573,139575,139577,139579,139581,139583],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139574,119],{"class":118},[52,139576,122],{"class":66},[52,139578,34816],{"class":92},[52,139580,89],{"class":66},[52,139582,34576],{"class":92},[52,139584,7312],{"class":66},[20,139586,2193],{},[43,139588,139590],{"className":45,"code":139589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139591,139592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139593,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139595,4020],{"class":66},[52,139597,3420],{"class":188},[52,139599,6703],{"class":192},[52,139601,3420],{"class":188},[52,139603,74],{"class":66},[52,139605,3415],{"class":188},[52,139607,79375],{"class":192},[52,139609,3420],{"class":188},[52,139611,74],{"class":66},[52,139613,3415],{"class":188},[52,139615,134175],{"class":192},[52,139617,3420],{"class":188},[52,139619,3756],{"class":66},[38,139621,8538,139623,139625],{"id":139622},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139624,60640],{}," with no separator",[20,139627,70278,139628,139630],{},[15,139629,60640],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139632,139633],{},"Whitespace includes:",[154,139635,139636,139638,139641],{},[157,139637,10571],{},[157,139639,139640],{},"tabs",[157,139642,139643],{},"new lines",[20,139645,139646],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139648,347],{},[43,139650,139652],{"className":45,"code":139651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139653,139654,139677,139691,139695],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139655,139656,139658,139660,139662,139665,139668,139670,139672,139675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139657,34795],{"class":58},[52,139659,63],{"class":62},[52,139661,200],{"class":188},[52,139663,139664],{"class":192},"Python   is",[52,139666,139667],{"class":34560},"\\t",[52,139669,133429],{"class":192},[52,139671,87253],{"class":34560},[52,139673,139674],{"class":192},"and useful",[52,139676,3479],{"class":188},[52,139678,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139680,42945],{"class":58},[52,139682,63],{"class":62},[52,139684,42950],{"class":58},[52,139686,89],{"class":66},[52,139688,34576],{"class":92},[52,139690,8764],{"class":66},[52,139692,139693],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139694,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,139696,139697,139699,139701,139703],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,139698,119],{"class":118},[52,139700,122],{"class":66},[52,139702,42977],{"class":92},[52,139704,127],{"class":66},[20,139706,2193],{},[43,139708,139710],{"className":45,"code":139709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139711,139712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139713,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139753,139755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139715,4020],{"class":66},[52,139717,3420],{"class":188},[52,139719,7414],{"class":192},[52,139721,3420],{"class":188},[52,139723,74],{"class":66},[52,139725,3415],{"class":188},[52,139727,12310],{"class":192},[52,139729,3420],{"class":188},[52,139731,74],{"class":66},[52,139733,3415],{"class":188},[52,139735,133429],{"class":192},[52,139737,3420],{"class":188},[52,139739,74],{"class":66},[52,139741,3415],{"class":188},[52,139743,130054],{"class":192},[52,139745,3420],{"class":188},[52,139747,74],{"class":66},[52,139749,3415],{"class":188},[52,139751,139752],{"class":192},"useful",[52,139754,3420],{"class":188},[52,139756,3756],{"class":66},[20,139758,139759],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1324,139761,139763,1083,139765],{"id":139762},"split-vs-split",[15,139764,60640],{},[15,139766,139767],{},"split(' ')",[20,139769,139770],{},"These are not the same.",[43,139772,139774],{"className":45,"code":139773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139775,139776,139789,139793,139807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139777,139778,139780,139782,139784,139787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139779,34795],{"class":58},[52,139781,63],{"class":62},[52,139783,200],{"class":188},[52,139785,139786],{"class":192},"a  b   c",[52,139788,3479],{"class":188},[52,139790,139791],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139792,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,139794,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139796,119],{"class":118},[52,139798,122],{"class":66},[52,139800,34816],{"class":92},[52,139802,89],{"class":66},[52,139804,34576],{"class":92},[52,139806,7312],{"class":66},[52,139808,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,139810,119],{"class":118},[52,139812,122],{"class":66},[52,139814,34816],{"class":92},[52,139816,89],{"class":66},[52,139818,34576],{"class":92},[52,139820,122],{"class":66},[52,139822,189],{"class":188},[52,139824,200],{"class":188},[52,139826,2150],{"class":66},[20,139828,2193],{},[43,139830,139832],{"className":45,"code":139831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139833,139834,139862],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139835,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139837,4020],{"class":66},[52,139839,3420],{"class":188},[52,139841,30],{"class":192},[52,139843,3420],{"class":188},[52,139845,74],{"class":66},[52,139847,3415],{"class":188},[52,139849,1393],{"class":192},[52,139851,3420],{"class":188},[52,139853,74],{"class":66},[52,139855,3415],{"class":188},[52,139857,1491],{"class":192},[52,139859,3420],{"class":188},[52,139861,3756],{"class":66},[52,139863,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139865,4020],{"class":66},[52,139867,3420],{"class":188},[52,139869,30],{"class":192},[52,139871,3420],{"class":188},[52,139873,74],{"class":66},[52,139875,3957],{"class":188},[52,139877,74],{"class":66},[52,139879,3415],{"class":188},[52,139881,1393],{"class":192},[52,139883,3420],{"class":188},[52,139885,74],{"class":66},[52,139887,3957],{"class":188},[52,139889,74],{"class":66},[52,139891,3957],{"class":188},[52,139893,74],{"class":66},[52,139895,3415],{"class":188},[52,139897,1491],{"class":192},[52,139899,3420],{"class":188},[52,139901,3756],{"class":66},[154,139903,139904,139909],{},[157,139905,139906,139908],{},[15,139907,60640],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[157,139910,139911,139914],{},[15,139912,139913],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139916,139917,139918,139922],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[30,139919,126289,139920,10859],{"href":136859},[15,139921,41761],{}," is often useful.",[38,139924,139926],{"id":139925},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139928,139929,139930,2311,139933,2315,139935,89],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139931,139932],{},"\",\"",[15,139934,133528],{},[15,139936,139937],{},"\"::\"",[20,139939,139940],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139942,139943],{},"Example with commas:",[43,139945,139947],{"className":45,"code":139946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139948,139949,139961,139983,139987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139950,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139952,34795],{"class":58},[52,139954,63],{"class":62},[52,139956,200],{"class":188},[52,139958,139327],{"class":192},[52,139960,3479],{"class":188},[52,139962,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,139964,42945],{"class":58},[52,139966,63],{"class":62},[52,139968,42950],{"class":58},[52,139970,89],{"class":66},[52,139972,34576],{"class":92},[52,139974,122],{"class":66},[52,139976,189],{"class":188},[52,139978,74],{"class":192},[52,139980,189],{"class":188},[52,139982,127],{"class":66},[52,139984,139985],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139986,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,139988,139989,139991,139993,139995],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,139990,119],{"class":118},[52,139992,122],{"class":66},[52,139994,42977],{"class":92},[52,139996,127],{"class":66},[20,139998,2193],{},[43,140000,140001],{"className":45,"code":78554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140002,140003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140004,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140006,4020],{"class":66},[52,140008,3420],{"class":188},[52,140010,1125],{"class":192},[52,140012,3420],{"class":188},[52,140014,74],{"class":66},[52,140016,3415],{"class":188},[52,140018,1145],{"class":192},[52,140020,3420],{"class":188},[52,140022,74],{"class":66},[52,140024,3415],{"class":188},[52,140026,4215],{"class":192},[52,140028,3420],{"class":188},[52,140030,3756],{"class":66},[20,140032,140033],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[43,140035,140037],{"className":45,"code":140036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140038,140039,140052,140074,140078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140040,140041,140043,140045,140047,140050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140042,34795],{"class":58},[52,140044,63],{"class":62},[52,140046,200],{"class":188},[52,140048,140049],{"class":192},"2024::10::31",[52,140051,3479],{"class":188},[52,140053,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140055,42945],{"class":58},[52,140057,63],{"class":62},[52,140059,42950],{"class":58},[52,140061,89],{"class":66},[52,140063,34576],{"class":92},[52,140065,122],{"class":66},[52,140067,189],{"class":188},[52,140069,76771],{"class":192},[52,140071,189],{"class":188},[52,140073,127],{"class":66},[52,140075,140076],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140077,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,140079,140080,140082,140084,140086],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,140081,119],{"class":118},[52,140083,122],{"class":66},[52,140085,42977],{"class":92},[52,140087,127],{"class":66},[20,140089,2193],{},[43,140091,140093],{"className":45,"code":140092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140094,140095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140096,140097,140099,140101,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140121,140123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140098,4020],{"class":66},[52,140100,3420],{"class":188},[52,140102,140103],{"class":192},"2024",[52,140105,3420],{"class":188},[52,140107,74],{"class":66},[52,140109,3415],{"class":188},[52,140111,2452],{"class":192},[52,140113,3420],{"class":188},[52,140115,74],{"class":66},[52,140117,3415],{"class":188},[52,140119,140120],{"class":192},"31",[52,140122,3420],{"class":188},[52,140124,3756],{"class":66},[20,140126,140127],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140129,140130,140131,89],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[30,140132,128973],{"href":128972},[38,140134,8538,140136],{"id":140135},"using-maxsplit",[15,140137,139544],{},[20,140139,140140,140142],{},[15,140141,139544],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140144,140145],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140147,347],{},[43,140149,140151],{"className":45,"code":140150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140152,140153,140166,140192,140196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140154,140155,140157,140159,140161,140164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140156,34795],{"class":58},[52,140158,63],{"class":62},[52,140160,200],{"class":188},[52,140162,140163],{"class":192},"name:age:city:country",[52,140165,3479],{"class":188},[52,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140169,42945],{"class":58},[52,140171,63],{"class":62},[52,140173,42950],{"class":58},[52,140175,89],{"class":66},[52,140177,34576],{"class":92},[52,140179,122],{"class":66},[52,140181,189],{"class":188},[52,140183,152],{"class":192},[52,140185,189],{"class":188},[52,140187,74],{"class":66},[52,140189,77],{"class":70},[52,140191,127],{"class":66},[52,140193,140194],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140195,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,140197,140198,140200,140202,140204],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,140199,119],{"class":118},[52,140201,122],{"class":66},[52,140203,42977],{"class":92},[52,140205,127],{"class":66},[20,140207,2193],{},[43,140209,140211],{"className":45,"code":140210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140212,140213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140214,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140238,140240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140216,4020],{"class":66},[52,140218,3420],{"class":188},[52,140220,7786],{"class":192},[52,140222,3420],{"class":188},[52,140224,74],{"class":66},[52,140226,3415],{"class":188},[52,140228,9420],{"class":192},[52,140230,3420],{"class":188},[52,140232,74],{"class":66},[52,140234,3415],{"class":188},[52,140236,140237],{"class":192},"city:country",[52,140239,3420],{"class":188},[52,140241,3756],{"class":66},[20,140243,2300],{},[154,140245,140246,140251,140256],{},[157,140247,140248,140249],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140250,152],{},[157,140252,140253,140254],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140255,152],{},[157,140257,140258],{},"then stops",[20,140260,140261],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140263,52189],{},[43,140265,140267],{"className":45,"code":140266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140268,140269,140282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140270,140271,140273,140275,140277,140280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140272,34795],{"class":58},[52,140274,63],{"class":62},[52,140276,200],{"class":188},[52,140278,140279],{"class":192},"apple banana cherry grape",[52,140281,3479],{"class":188},[52,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140285,119],{"class":118},[52,140287,122],{"class":66},[52,140289,34816],{"class":92},[52,140291,89],{"class":66},[52,140293,34576],{"class":92},[52,140295,122],{"class":66},[52,140297,189],{"class":188},[52,140299,200],{"class":188},[52,140301,74],{"class":66},[52,140303,5616],{"class":70},[52,140305,2150],{"class":66},[20,140307,2193],{},[43,140309,140311],{"className":45,"code":140310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140312,140313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140314,140315,140317,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140330,140332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140316,4020],{"class":66},[52,140318,3420],{"class":188},[52,140320,1125],{"class":192},[52,140322,3420],{"class":188},[52,140324,74],{"class":66},[52,140326,3415],{"class":188},[52,140328,140329],{"class":192},"banana cherry grape",[52,140331,3420],{"class":188},[52,140333,3756],{"class":66},[38,140335,144,140337,11822],{"id":140336},"what-split-returns",[15,140338,60640],{},[20,140340,140341,140342,140344,140345,89],{},"The result of ",[15,140343,60640],{}," is always a ",[984,140346,8213],{},[20,140348,140349],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140351,347],{},[43,140353,140355],{"className":45,"code":140354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140356,140357,140370,140392,140396,140406,140420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140358,140359,140361,140363,140365,140368],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140360,34795],{"class":58},[52,140362,63],{"class":62},[52,140364,200],{"class":188},[52,140366,140367],{"class":192},"cat,dog,bird",[52,140369,3479],{"class":188},[52,140371,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140373,42945],{"class":58},[52,140375,63],{"class":62},[52,140377,42950],{"class":58},[52,140379,89],{"class":66},[52,140381,34576],{"class":92},[52,140383,122],{"class":66},[52,140385,189],{"class":188},[52,140387,74],{"class":192},[52,140389,189],{"class":188},[52,140391,127],{"class":66},[52,140393,140394],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140395,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,140397,140398,140400,140402,140404],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,140399,119],{"class":118},[52,140401,122],{"class":66},[52,140403,42977],{"class":92},[52,140405,127],{"class":66},[52,140407,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,140409,119],{"class":118},[52,140411,122],{"class":66},[52,140413,3340],{"class":3020},[52,140415,122],{"class":66},[52,140417,42977],{"class":92},[52,140419,2150],{"class":66},[52,140421,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,140423,119],{"class":118},[52,140425,122],{"class":66},[52,140427,42977],{"class":92},[52,140429,4020],{"class":66},[52,140431,2243],{"class":70},[52,140433,112],{"class":66},[20,140435,2193],{},[43,140437,140439],{"className":45,"code":140438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140440,140441,140469,140483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140442,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140444,4020],{"class":66},[52,140446,3420],{"class":188},[52,140448,950],{"class":192},[52,140450,3420],{"class":188},[52,140452,74],{"class":66},[52,140454,3415],{"class":188},[52,140456,1034],{"class":192},[52,140458,3420],{"class":188},[52,140460,74],{"class":66},[52,140462,3415],{"class":188},[52,140464,58252],{"class":192},[52,140466,3420],{"class":188},[52,140468,3756],{"class":66},[52,140470,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140472,3409],{"class":62},[52,140474,3412],{"class":2187},[52,140476,3415],{"class":188},[52,140478,8213],{"class":192},[52,140480,3420],{"class":188},[52,140482,3423],{"class":62},[52,140484,140485],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140486,85569],{"class":58},[20,140488,140489],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[154,140491,140492,140495,140498],{},[157,140493,140494],{},"loop over it",[157,140496,140497],{},"access items by index",[157,140499,140500],{},"combine items again later",[20,140502,140503,140504,89],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[30,140505,126289,140507,10859],{"href":140506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140508,133371],{},[20,140510,347],{},[43,140512,140514],{"className":45,"code":140513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140515,140516,140548,140570,140574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140517,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140519,42945],{"class":58},[52,140521,63],{"class":62},[52,140523,3743],{"class":66},[52,140525,3420],{"class":188},[52,140527,950],{"class":192},[52,140529,3420],{"class":188},[52,140531,74],{"class":66},[52,140533,3415],{"class":188},[52,140535,1034],{"class":192},[52,140537,3420],{"class":188},[52,140539,74],{"class":66},[52,140541,3415],{"class":188},[52,140543,58252],{"class":192},[52,140545,3420],{"class":188},[52,140547,3756],{"class":66},[52,140549,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140551,34795],{"class":58},[52,140553,63],{"class":62},[52,140555,200],{"class":188},[52,140557,2144],{"class":192},[52,140559,189],{"class":188},[52,140561,89],{"class":66},[52,140563,133448],{"class":92},[52,140565,122],{"class":66},[52,140567,42977],{"class":92},[52,140569,127],{"class":66},[52,140571,140572],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140573,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,140575,140576,140578,140580,140582],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,140577,119],{"class":118},[52,140579,122],{"class":66},[52,140581,34816],{"class":92},[52,140583,127],{"class":66},[20,140585,2193],{},[43,140587,140589],{"className":45,"code":140588,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140590,140591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140592,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140594,950],{"class":58},[52,140596,2144],{"class":62},[52,140598,1034],{"class":58},[52,140600,2144],{"class":62},[52,140602,140603],{"class":58},"bird\n",[38,140605,140607],{"id":140606},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140609,140610],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1324,140612,140614],{"id":140613},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[43,140616,140618],{"className":45,"code":140617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140619,140620,140628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140621,140622,140624,140626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140623,34795],{"class":58},[52,140625,63],{"class":62},[52,140627,8000],{"class":188},[52,140629,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140631,119],{"class":118},[52,140633,122],{"class":66},[52,140635,34816],{"class":92},[52,140637,89],{"class":66},[52,140639,34576],{"class":92},[52,140641,7312],{"class":66},[20,140643,2193],{},[43,140645,140646],{"className":45,"code":38404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140647,140648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140649,140650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140651,38404],{"class":66},[1324,140653,140655],{"id":140654},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[43,140657,140659],{"className":45,"code":140658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140660,140661,140669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140662,140663,140665,140667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140664,34795],{"class":58},[52,140666,63],{"class":62},[52,140668,8000],{"class":188},[52,140670,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140672,119],{"class":118},[52,140674,122],{"class":66},[52,140676,34816],{"class":92},[52,140678,89],{"class":66},[52,140680,34576],{"class":92},[52,140682,122],{"class":66},[52,140684,189],{"class":188},[52,140686,74],{"class":192},[52,140688,189],{"class":188},[52,140690,2150],{"class":66},[20,140692,2193],{},[43,140694,140696],{"className":45,"code":140695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['']\n",[15,140697,140698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140699,140700,140702,140704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140701,4020],{"class":66},[52,140703,3893],{"class":188},[52,140705,3756],{"class":66},[1324,140707,140709],{"id":140708},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140711,140712],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[43,140714,140716],{"className":45,"code":140715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140717,140718,140730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140719,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140721,34795],{"class":58},[52,140723,63],{"class":62},[52,140725,200],{"class":188},[52,140727,3964],{"class":192},[52,140729,3479],{"class":188},[52,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140733,119],{"class":118},[52,140735,122],{"class":66},[52,140737,34816],{"class":92},[52,140739,89],{"class":66},[52,140741,34576],{"class":92},[52,140743,122],{"class":66},[52,140745,189],{"class":188},[52,140747,74],{"class":192},[52,140749,189],{"class":188},[52,140751,2150],{"class":66},[20,140753,2193],{},[43,140755,140757],{"className":45,"code":140756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello']\n",[15,140758,140759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140760,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140762,4020],{"class":66},[52,140764,3420],{"class":188},[52,140766,3964],{"class":192},[52,140768,3420],{"class":188},[52,140770,3756],{"class":66},[38,140772,5078,140774],{"id":140773},"when-to-use-split",[15,140775,60640],{},[20,140777,137,140778,140780],{},[15,140779,60640],{}," when you need to:",[154,140782,140783,140786,140789],{},[157,140784,140785],{},"split a sentence into words",[157,140787,140788],{},"split comma-separated values",[157,140790,140791],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140793,140794],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[154,140796,140797,140800,140803],{},[157,140798,140799],{},"cleaning text",[157,140801,140802],{},"parsing user input",[157,140804,140805],{},"processing simple file content",[38,140807,2948],{"id":2947},[20,140809,84340],{},[154,140811,140812,140816,140822,140825,140833],{},[157,140813,50614,140814,131509],{},[15,140815,60640],{},[157,140817,140818,140819,140821],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140820,60640],{}," returns a list, not a string",[157,140823,140824],{},"using the wrong separator",[157,140826,140827,140828,140830,140831],{},"assuming ",[15,140829,139767],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140832,60640],{},[157,140834,140835],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140837,140838],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[43,140840,140842],{"className":45,"code":140841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140843,140844,140856,140874,140878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140845,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140847,34795],{"class":58},[52,140849,63],{"class":62},[52,140851,200],{"class":188},[52,140853,42938],{"class":192},[52,140855,3479],{"class":188},[52,140857,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140859,34816],{"class":58},[52,140861,89],{"class":66},[52,140863,34576],{"class":92},[52,140865,122],{"class":66},[52,140867,189],{"class":188},[52,140869,74],{"class":192},[52,140871,189],{"class":188},[52,140873,127],{"class":66},[52,140875,140876],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140877,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,140879,140880,140882,140884,140886],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,140881,119],{"class":118},[52,140883,122],{"class":66},[52,140885,34816],{"class":92},[52,140887,127],{"class":66},[20,140889,2193],{},[43,140891,140893],{"className":45,"code":140892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a,b,c\n",[15,140894,140895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140896,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140898,30],{"class":58},[52,140900,74],{"class":66},[52,140902,1393],{"class":58},[52,140904,74],{"class":66},[52,140906,69350],{"class":58},[20,140908,140909],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140911,10925],{},[43,140913,140914],{"className":45,"code":42925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140915,140916,140928,140950,140954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140917,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140919,34795],{"class":58},[52,140921,63],{"class":62},[52,140923,200],{"class":188},[52,140925,42938],{"class":192},[52,140927,3479],{"class":188},[52,140929,140930,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,140931,42945],{"class":58},[52,140933,63],{"class":62},[52,140935,42950],{"class":58},[52,140937,89],{"class":66},[52,140939,34576],{"class":92},[52,140941,122],{"class":66},[52,140943,189],{"class":188},[52,140945,74],{"class":192},[52,140947,189],{"class":188},[52,140949,127],{"class":66},[52,140951,140952],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140953,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,140955,140956,140958,140960,140962],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,140957,119],{"class":118},[52,140959,122],{"class":66},[52,140961,42977],{"class":92},[52,140963,127],{"class":66},[20,140965,2193],{},[43,140967,140968],{"className":45,"code":42984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140969,140970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140971,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140973,4020],{"class":66},[52,140975,3420],{"class":188},[52,140977,30],{"class":192},[52,140979,3420],{"class":188},[52,140981,74],{"class":66},[52,140983,3415],{"class":188},[52,140985,1393],{"class":192},[52,140987,3420],{"class":188},[52,140989,74],{"class":66},[52,140991,3415],{"class":188},[52,140993,1491],{"class":192},[52,140995,3420],{"class":188},[52,140997,3756],{"class":66},[20,140999,141000],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[43,141002,141004],{"className":45,"code":141003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141005,141006,141019,141041,141045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141007,141008,141010,141012,141014,141017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141009,34795],{"class":58},[52,141011,63],{"class":62},[52,141013,200],{"class":188},[52,141015,141016],{"class":192},"apple,banana",[52,141018,3479],{"class":188},[52,141020,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141037,141039],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141022,42945],{"class":58},[52,141024,63],{"class":62},[52,141026,42950],{"class":58},[52,141028,89],{"class":66},[52,141030,34576],{"class":92},[52,141032,122],{"class":66},[52,141034,189],{"class":188},[52,141036,74],{"class":192},[52,141038,189],{"class":188},[52,141040,127],{"class":66},[52,141042,141043],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141044,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,141046,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,141048,119],{"class":118},[52,141050,122],{"class":66},[52,141052,42977],{"class":92},[52,141054,4020],{"class":66},[52,141056,99],{"class":70},[52,141058,112],{"class":66},[20,141060,141061,141062,89],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[30,141063,69363],{"href":69362},[1324,141065,60819],{"id":60818},[20,141067,8997,141068,141070],{},[15,141069,60640],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[43,141072,141074],{"className":45,"code":141073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141075,141076,141086,141100,141122,141148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141077,141078,141080,141082,141084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141079,119],{"class":118},[52,141081,122],{"class":66},[52,141083,34816],{"class":92},[52,141085,127],{"class":66},[52,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141089,119],{"class":118},[52,141091,122],{"class":66},[52,141093,34816],{"class":92},[52,141095,89],{"class":66},[52,141097,34576],{"class":92},[52,141099,7312],{"class":66},[52,141101,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141103,119],{"class":118},[52,141105,122],{"class":66},[52,141107,34816],{"class":92},[52,141109,89],{"class":66},[52,141111,34576],{"class":92},[52,141113,122],{"class":66},[52,141115,3420],{"class":188},[52,141117,74],{"class":192},[52,141119,3420],{"class":188},[52,141121,2150],{"class":66},[52,141123,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,141125,119],{"class":118},[52,141127,122],{"class":66},[52,141129,11279],{"class":118},[52,141131,122],{"class":66},[52,141133,34816],{"class":92},[52,141135,89],{"class":66},[52,141137,34576],{"class":92},[52,141139,122],{"class":66},[52,141141,3420],{"class":188},[52,141143,74],{"class":192},[52,141145,3420],{"class":188},[52,141147,3031],{"class":66},[52,141149,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141172],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,141151,119],{"class":118},[52,141153,122],{"class":66},[52,141155,3340],{"class":3020},[52,141157,122],{"class":66},[52,141159,34816],{"class":92},[52,141161,89],{"class":66},[52,141163,34576],{"class":92},[52,141165,122],{"class":66},[52,141167,3420],{"class":188},[52,141169,74],{"class":192},[52,141171,3420],{"class":188},[52,141173,3031],{"class":66},[20,141175,11288],{},[154,141177,141178,141181,141184,141187],{},[157,141179,141180],{},"what the original string looks like",[157,141182,141183],{},"which separator works",[157,141185,141186],{},"how many items were created",[157,141188,141189],{},"that the result is a list",[38,141191,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,141193,1959,141195,668,141197,1964],{"id":141194},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141196,60640],{},[15,141198,139767],{},[20,141200,141201,141203],{},[15,141202,60640],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141205,141206,141208],{},[15,141207,139767],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1324,141210,1937,141212,124616],{"id":141211},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141213,60640],{},[20,141215,141216,141217,56588],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141218,60640],{},[1324,141220,5260,141222,40067],{"id":141221},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141223,139544],{},[20,141225,141226],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1324,141228,141230],{"id":141229},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141232,29171,141233,141235],{},[15,141234,60640],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[38,141237,1996],{"id":1995},[154,141239,141240,141244,141250,141256,141260],{},[157,141241,141242],{},[30,141243,129894],{"href":128972},[157,141245,141246],{},[30,141247,126289,141248,10859],{"href":140506},[15,141249,133371],{},[157,141251,141252],{},[30,141253,126289,141254,10859],{"href":136859},[15,141255,41761],{},[157,141257,141258],{},[30,141259,125044],{"href":51084},[157,141261,141262],{},[30,141263,69363],{"href":69362},[2044,141265,141266],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":141268},[141269,141270,141272,141273,141278,141279,141281,141283,141288,141290,141293,141302],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":139374,"depth":83,"text":141271},"What split() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":139622,"depth":83,"text":141274,"children":141275},"Using split() with no separator",[141276],{"id":139762,"depth":115,"text":141277},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139925,"depth":83,"text":139926},{"id":140135,"depth":83,"text":141280},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140336,"depth":83,"text":141282},"What split() returns",{"id":140606,"depth":83,"text":140607,"children":141284},[141285,141286,141287],{"id":140613,"depth":115,"text":140614},{"id":140654,"depth":115,"text":140655},{"id":140708,"depth":115,"text":140709},{"id":140773,"depth":83,"text":141289},"When to use split()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":141291},[141292],{"id":60818,"depth":115,"text":60819},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":141294},[141295,141297,141299,141301],{"id":141194,"depth":115,"text":141296},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141211,"depth":115,"text":141298},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141221,"depth":115,"text":141300},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141229,"depth":115,"text":141230},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139283,"description":141303},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141310,"title":141311,"body":141312,"description":143255,"extension":2083,"meta":143256,"navigation":240,"path":143257,"seo":143258,"stem":143259,"__hash__":143260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141313,"toc":143214},[141314,141319,141324,141331,141404,141409,141414,141419,141435,141437,141507,141509,141511,141531,141533,141578,141583,141585,141683,141688,141692,141697,141701,141704,141746,141750,141753,141798,141802,141805,141855,141859,141864,141916,141918,141923,141934,141939,142019,142021,142033,142042,142049,142064,142066,142181,142187,142191,142194,142199,142341,142344,142351,142353,142357,142365,142434,142440,142489,142494,142499,142501,142521,142523,142589,142591,142595,142598,142602,142643,142645,142678,142683,142686,142713,142715,142758,142765,142770,142780,142846,142850,142858,142863,142914,142918,142921,142923,142932,142934,142984,142986,143093,143095,143100,143107,143113,143116,143147,143152,143154,143161,143169,143178,143181,143183,143211],[10,141315,123289,141317,18],{"id":141316},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141318,127657],{},[20,141320,123294,141321,141323],{},[15,141322,127657],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141325,126355,141326,2996,141328,141330],{},[15,141327,3726],{},[15,141329,3795],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[43,141332,141334],{"className":45,"code":141333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141335,141336,141349,141353,141378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141337,141338,141340,141342,141344,141347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141339,34795],{"class":58},[52,141341,63],{"class":62},[52,141343,200],{"class":188},[52,141345,141346],{"class":192},"Python Beginner Help",[52,141348,3479],{"class":188},[52,141350,141351],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141352,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,141354,141355,141357,141359,141361,141363,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141356,119],{"class":118},[52,141358,122],{"class":66},[52,141360,34816],{"class":92},[52,141362,89],{"class":66},[52,141364,141365],{"class":92},"startswith",[52,141367,122],{"class":66},[52,141369,189],{"class":188},[52,141371,7414],{"class":192},[52,141373,189],{"class":188},[52,141375,5479],{"class":66},[52,141377,43964],{"class":133},[52,141379,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141390,141392,141394,141397,141399,141401],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,141381,119],{"class":118},[52,141383,122],{"class":66},[52,141385,34816],{"class":92},[52,141387,89],{"class":66},[52,141389,141365],{"class":92},[52,141391,122],{"class":66},[52,141393,189],{"class":188},[52,141395,141396],{"class":192},"Beginner",[52,141398,189],{"class":188},[52,141400,5479],{"class":66},[52,141402,141403],{"class":133}," # False\n",[20,141405,137,141406,141408],{},[15,141407,127657],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[38,141410,144,141412,147],{"id":141411},"what-startswith-does",[15,141413,127657],{},[20,141415,141416,141418],{},[15,141417,127657],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[154,141420,141421,141424,141430,141432],{},[157,141422,141423],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[157,141425,5266,141426,2996,141428],{},[15,141427,3726],{},[15,141429,3795],{},[157,141431,123432],{},[157,141433,141434],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141436,347],{},[43,141438,141440],{"className":45,"code":141439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141441,141442,141454,141458,141483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141443,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141445,7995],{"class":58},[52,141447,63],{"class":62},[52,141449,200],{"class":188},[52,141451,7414],{"class":192},[52,141453,3479],{"class":188},[52,141455,141456],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141457,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,141459,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470,141472,141474,141477,141479,141481],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141461,119],{"class":118},[52,141463,122],{"class":66},[52,141465,7786],{"class":92},[52,141467,89],{"class":66},[52,141469,141365],{"class":92},[52,141471,122],{"class":66},[52,141473,189],{"class":188},[52,141475,141476],{"class":192},"Py",[52,141478,189],{"class":188},[52,141480,5479],{"class":66},[52,141482,43964],{"class":133},[52,141484,141485,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,141486,119],{"class":118},[52,141488,122],{"class":66},[52,141490,7786],{"class":92},[52,141492,89],{"class":66},[52,141494,141365],{"class":92},[52,141496,122],{"class":66},[52,141498,189],{"class":188},[52,141500,128735],{"class":192},[52,141502,189],{"class":188},[52,141504,5479],{"class":66},[52,141506,43981],{"class":133},[38,141508,268],{"id":267},[20,141510,42493],{},[43,141512,141514],{"className":45,"code":141513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141515,141516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141517,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141519,61283],{"class":58},[52,141521,89],{"class":66},[52,141523,141365],{"class":92},[52,141525,122],{"class":66},[52,141527,141528],{"class":92},"prefix",[52,141530,127],{"class":66},[20,141532,30873],{},[43,141534,141536],{"className":45,"code":141535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141537,141538,141556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141539,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141541,61283],{"class":58},[52,141543,89],{"class":66},[52,141545,141365],{"class":92},[52,141547,122],{"class":66},[52,141549,141528],{"class":92},[52,141551,74],{"class":66},[52,141553,36161],{"class":92},[52,141555,127],{"class":66},[52,141557,141558,141560,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141559,61283],{"class":58},[52,141561,89],{"class":66},[52,141563,141365],{"class":92},[52,141565,122],{"class":66},[52,141567,141528],{"class":92},[52,141569,74],{"class":66},[52,141571,36161],{"class":92},[52,141573,74],{"class":66},[52,141575,65145],{"class":92},[52,141577,127],{"class":66},[20,141579,20882,141580,141582],{},[15,141581,141528],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141584,347],{},[43,141586,141588],{"className":45,"code":141587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141589,141590,141602,141606,141631,141655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141591,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141593,34795],{"class":58},[52,141595,63],{"class":62},[52,141597,200],{"class":188},[52,141599,60515],{"class":192},[52,141601,3479],{"class":188},[52,141603,141604],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141605,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,141607,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141609,119],{"class":118},[52,141611,122],{"class":66},[52,141613,34816],{"class":92},[52,141615,89],{"class":66},[52,141617,141365],{"class":92},[52,141619,122],{"class":66},[52,141621,189],{"class":188},[52,141623,3964],{"class":192},[52,141625,189],{"class":188},[52,141627,5479],{"class":66},[52,141629,141630],{"class":133},"      # True\n",[52,141632,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,141634,119],{"class":118},[52,141636,122],{"class":66},[52,141638,34816],{"class":92},[52,141640,89],{"class":66},[52,141642,141365],{"class":92},[52,141644,122],{"class":66},[52,141646,189],{"class":188},[52,141648,60700],{"class":192},[52,141650,189],{"class":188},[52,141652,5479],{"class":66},[52,141654,21311],{"class":133},[52,141656,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141681],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,141658,119],{"class":118},[52,141660,122],{"class":66},[52,141662,34816],{"class":92},[52,141664,89],{"class":66},[52,141666,141365],{"class":92},[52,141668,122],{"class":66},[52,141670,189],{"class":188},[52,141672,60700],{"class":192},[52,141674,189],{"class":188},[52,141676,74],{"class":66},[52,141678,37750],{"class":70},[52,141680,5479],{"class":66},[52,141682,43964],{"class":133},[20,141684,141685,141686,89],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[30,141687,125044],{"href":51084},[38,141689,141691],{"id":141690},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141693,141694,141696],{},[15,141695,127657],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1324,141698,141699],{"id":141528},[15,141700,141528],{},[20,141702,141703],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[43,141705,141707],{"className":45,"code":141706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141708,141709,141721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141710,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141712,34795],{"class":58},[52,141714,63],{"class":62},[52,141716,200],{"class":188},[52,141718,1145],{"class":192},[52,141720,3479],{"class":188},[52,141722,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141740,141742,141744],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141724,119],{"class":118},[52,141726,122],{"class":66},[52,141728,34816],{"class":92},[52,141730,89],{"class":66},[52,141732,141365],{"class":92},[52,141734,122],{"class":66},[52,141736,189],{"class":188},[52,141738,141739],{"class":192},"ban",[52,141741,189],{"class":188},[52,141743,5479],{"class":66},[52,141745,3785],{"class":133},[1324,141747,141748],{"id":36182},[15,141749,36182],{},[20,141751,141752],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[43,141754,141756],{"className":45,"code":141755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141757,141758,141770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141759,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141761,34795],{"class":58},[52,141763,63],{"class":62},[52,141765,200],{"class":188},[52,141767,60515],{"class":192},[52,141769,3479],{"class":188},[52,141771,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141773,119],{"class":118},[52,141775,122],{"class":66},[52,141777,34816],{"class":92},[52,141779,89],{"class":66},[52,141781,141365],{"class":92},[52,141783,122],{"class":66},[52,141785,189],{"class":188},[52,141787,60700],{"class":192},[52,141789,189],{"class":188},[52,141791,74],{"class":66},[52,141793,37750],{"class":70},[52,141795,5479],{"class":66},[52,141797,3785],{"class":133},[1324,141799,141800],{"id":52769},[15,141801,52769],{},[20,141803,141804],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[43,141806,141808],{"className":45,"code":141807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141809,141810,141822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141811,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141813,34795],{"class":58},[52,141815,63],{"class":62},[52,141817,200],{"class":188},[52,141819,60515],{"class":192},[52,141821,3479],{"class":188},[52,141823,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141825,119],{"class":118},[52,141827,122],{"class":66},[52,141829,34816],{"class":92},[52,141831,89],{"class":66},[52,141833,141365],{"class":92},[52,141835,122],{"class":66},[52,141837,189],{"class":188},[52,141839,141840],{"class":192},"wor",[52,141842,189],{"class":188},[52,141844,74],{"class":66},[52,141846,37750],{"class":70},[52,141848,74],{"class":66},[52,141850,54245],{"class":70},[52,141852,5479],{"class":66},[52,141854,3785],{"class":133},[1324,141856,141858],{"id":141857},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141860,141861,141863],{},[15,141862,141528],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[43,141865,141867],{"className":45,"code":141866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141868,141869,141882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141870,141871,141873,141875,141877,141880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141872,126372],{"class":58},[52,141874,63],{"class":62},[52,141876,200],{"class":188},[52,141878,141879],{"class":192},"img_001.png",[52,141881,3479],{"class":188},[52,141883,141884,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141901,141903,141905,141907,141910,141912,141914],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141885,119],{"class":118},[52,141887,122],{"class":66},[52,141889,126390],{"class":92},[52,141891,89],{"class":66},[52,141893,141365],{"class":92},[52,141895,5629],{"class":66},[52,141897,189],{"class":188},[52,141899,141900],{"class":192},"img_",[52,141902,189],{"class":188},[52,141904,74],{"class":66},[52,141906,200],{"class":188},[52,141908,141909],{"class":192},"photo_",[52,141911,189],{"class":188},[52,141913,51200],{"class":66},[52,141915,3785],{"class":133},[38,141917,17533],{"id":17532},[20,141919,141920,141922],{},[15,141921,127657],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[154,141924,141925,141930],{},[157,141926,141927,141929],{},[15,141928,3726],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[157,141931,141932,126974],{},[15,141933,3795],{},[20,141935,141936,141937,7290],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141938,7115],{},[43,141940,141942],{"className":45,"code":141941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141943,141944,141958,141962,141983,141998,142004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141945,141946,141949,141951,141953,141956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141947,141948],{"class":58},"command ",[52,141950,63],{"class":62},[52,141952,200],{"class":188},[52,141954,141955],{"class":192},"\u002Fhelp",[52,141957,3479],{"class":188},[52,141959,141960],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,141961,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,141963,141964,141966,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141965,7115],{"class":3996},[52,141967,141968],{"class":58}," command",[52,141970,89],{"class":66},[52,141972,141365],{"class":92},[52,141974,122],{"class":66},[52,141976,189],{"class":188},[52,141978,127181],{"class":192},[52,141980,189],{"class":188},[52,141982,8462],{"class":66},[52,141984,141985,141987,141989,141991,141994,141996],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,141986,8188],{"class":118},[52,141988,122],{"class":66},[52,141990,189],{"class":188},[52,141992,141993],{"class":192},"This looks like a command.",[52,141995,189],{"class":188},[52,141997,127],{"class":66},[52,141999,142000,142002],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,142001,27544],{"class":3996},[52,142003,6514],{"class":66},[52,142005,142006,142008,142010,142012,142015,142017],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,142007,8188],{"class":118},[52,142009,122],{"class":66},[52,142011,189],{"class":188},[52,142013,142014],{"class":192},"This is normal text.",[52,142016,189],{"class":188},[52,142018,127],{"class":66},[20,142020,2193],{},[43,142022,142024],{"className":45,"code":142023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142025,142026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142027,142028,142031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142029,142030],{"class":58},"This looks like a command",[52,142032,122321],{"class":66},[38,142034,8538,142036,8826,142038,668,142040],{"id":142035},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142037,127657],{},[15,142039,36182],{},[15,142041,52769],{},[20,142043,2100,142044,668,142046,142048],{},[15,142045,36182],{},[15,142047,52769],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[154,142050,142051,142056,142061],{},[157,142052,142053,142055],{},[15,142054,36182],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[157,142057,142058,142060],{},[15,142059,52769],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[157,142062,142063],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142065,347],{},[43,142067,142069],{"className":45,"code":142068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142070,142071,142083,142087,142116,142149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142072,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142074,34795],{"class":58},[52,142076,63],{"class":62},[52,142078,200],{"class":188},[52,142080,139568],{"class":192},[52,142082,3479],{"class":188},[52,142084,142085],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142086,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142088,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142090,119],{"class":118},[52,142092,122],{"class":66},[52,142094,34816],{"class":92},[52,142096,89],{"class":66},[52,142098,141365],{"class":92},[52,142100,122],{"class":66},[52,142102,189],{"class":188},[52,142104,79375],{"class":192},[52,142106,189],{"class":188},[52,142108,74],{"class":66},[52,142110,109],{"class":70},[52,142112,5479],{"class":66},[52,142114,142115],{"class":133},"        # True\n",[52,142117,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142145,142147],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,142119,119],{"class":118},[52,142121,122],{"class":66},[52,142123,34816],{"class":92},[52,142125,89],{"class":66},[52,142127,141365],{"class":92},[52,142129,122],{"class":66},[52,142131,189],{"class":188},[52,142133,134175],{"class":192},[52,142135,189],{"class":188},[52,142137,74],{"class":66},[52,142139,6480],{"class":70},[52,142141,74],{"class":66},[52,142143,142144],{"class":70}," 13",[52,142146,5479],{"class":66},[52,142148,3785],{"class":133},[52,142150,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,142152,119],{"class":118},[52,142154,122],{"class":66},[52,142156,34816],{"class":92},[52,142158,89],{"class":66},[52,142160,141365],{"class":92},[52,142162,122],{"class":66},[52,142164,189],{"class":188},[52,142166,134175],{"class":192},[52,142168,189],{"class":188},[52,142170,74],{"class":66},[52,142172,6480],{"class":70},[52,142174,74],{"class":66},[52,142176,31052],{"class":70},[52,142178,5479],{"class":66},[52,142180,4888],{"class":133},[20,142182,142183,142184,142186],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142185,52769],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[38,142188,142190],{"id":142189},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142192,142193],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142195,142196,142197,49456],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142198,40944],{},[43,142200,142202],{"className":45,"code":142201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142203,142204,142218,142232,142246,142250,142274,142278,142299,142320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142205,142206,142209,142211,142213,142216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142207,142208],{"class":58},"filename1 ",[52,142210,63],{"class":62},[52,142212,200],{"class":188},[52,142214,142215],{"class":192},"img_101.jpg",[52,142217,3479],{"class":188},[52,142219,142220,142223,142225,142227,142230],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142221,142222],{"class":58},"filename2 ",[52,142224,63],{"class":62},[52,142226,200],{"class":188},[52,142228,142229],{"class":192},"photo_202.jpg",[52,142231,3479],{"class":188},[52,142233,142234,142237,142239,142241,142244],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142235,142236],{"class":58},"filename3 ",[52,142238,63],{"class":62},[52,142240,200],{"class":188},[52,142242,142243],{"class":192},"doc_303.jpg",[52,142245,3479],{"class":188},[52,142247,142248],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,142249,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142251,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,142253,127584],{"class":58},[52,142255,63],{"class":62},[52,142257,388],{"class":66},[52,142259,189],{"class":188},[52,142261,141900],{"class":192},[52,142263,189],{"class":188},[52,142265,74],{"class":66},[52,142267,200],{"class":188},[52,142269,141909],{"class":192},[52,142271,189],{"class":188},[52,142273,127],{"class":66},[52,142275,142276],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,142277,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142279,142280,142282,142284,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,142281,119],{"class":118},[52,142283,122],{"class":66},[52,142285,142286],{"class":92},"filename1",[52,142288,89],{"class":66},[52,142290,141365],{"class":92},[52,142292,122],{"class":66},[52,142294,127636],{"class":92},[52,142296,5479],{"class":66},[52,142298,3785],{"class":133},[52,142300,142301,142303,142305,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,142302,119],{"class":118},[52,142304,122],{"class":66},[52,142306,142307],{"class":92},"filename2",[52,142309,89],{"class":66},[52,142311,141365],{"class":92},[52,142313,122],{"class":66},[52,142315,127636],{"class":92},[52,142317,5479],{"class":66},[52,142319,3785],{"class":133},[52,142321,142322,142324,142326,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,142323,119],{"class":118},[52,142325,122],{"class":66},[52,142327,142328],{"class":92},"filename3",[52,142330,89],{"class":66},[52,142332,141365],{"class":92},[52,142334,122],{"class":66},[52,142336,127636],{"class":92},[52,142338,5479],{"class":66},[52,142340,4888],{"class":133},[20,142342,142343],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142345,74876,142346,142350],{},[30,142347,126289,142348,10859],{"href":129883},[15,142349,126347],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[38,142352,123936],{"id":123935},[20,142354,142355,123747],{},[15,142356,127657],{},[20,142358,127334,142359,668,142362,127341],{},[15,142360,142361],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142363,142364],{},"\"python\"",[43,142366,142368],{"className":45,"code":142367,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142369,142370,142382,142386,142410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142371,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142373,34795],{"class":58},[52,142375,63],{"class":62},[52,142377,200],{"class":188},[52,142379,7414],{"class":192},[52,142381,3479],{"class":188},[52,142383,142384],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142385,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142387,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142389,119],{"class":118},[52,142391,122],{"class":66},[52,142393,34816],{"class":92},[52,142395,89],{"class":66},[52,142397,141365],{"class":92},[52,142399,122],{"class":66},[52,142401,189],{"class":188},[52,142403,141476],{"class":192},[52,142405,189],{"class":188},[52,142407,5479],{"class":66},[52,142409,3785],{"class":133},[52,142411,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,142413,119],{"class":118},[52,142415,122],{"class":66},[52,142417,34816],{"class":92},[52,142419,89],{"class":66},[52,142421,141365],{"class":92},[52,142423,122],{"class":66},[52,142425,189],{"class":188},[52,142427,128735],{"class":192},[52,142429,189],{"class":188},[52,142431,5479],{"class":66},[52,142433,4888],{"class":133},[20,142435,127426,142436,89],{},[30,142437,142438],{"href":124016},[15,142439,124019],{},[43,142441,142443],{"className":45,"code":142442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142444,142445,142457,142461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142446,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142448,34795],{"class":58},[52,142450,63],{"class":62},[52,142452,200],{"class":188},[52,142454,7414],{"class":192},[52,142456,3479],{"class":188},[52,142458,142459],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142460,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142462,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142464,119],{"class":118},[52,142466,122],{"class":66},[52,142468,34816],{"class":92},[52,142470,89],{"class":66},[52,142472,8761],{"class":92},[52,142474,8758],{"class":66},[52,142476,141365],{"class":92},[52,142478,122],{"class":66},[52,142480,189],{"class":188},[52,142482,128735],{"class":192},[52,142484,189],{"class":188},[52,142486,5479],{"class":66},[52,142488,3785],{"class":133},[38,142490,5078,142492],{"id":142491},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142493,127657],{},[20,142495,142496,142498],{},[15,142497,127657],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142500,9494],{},[154,142502,142503,142506,142509,142518],{},[157,142504,142505],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[157,142507,142508],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[157,142510,142511,142512,2996,142515],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142513,142514],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142516,142517],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[157,142519,142520],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142522,347],{},[43,142524,142526],{"className":45,"code":142525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142527,142528,142541,142545,142574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142529,142530,142532,142534,142536,142539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142531,127152],{"class":58},[52,142533,63],{"class":62},[52,142535,200],{"class":188},[52,142537,142538],{"class":192},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[52,142540,3479],{"class":188},[52,142542,142543],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142544,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142546,142547,142549,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564,142566,142568,142570,142572],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142548,7115],{"class":3996},[52,142550,142551],{"class":58}," url",[52,142553,89],{"class":66},[52,142555,141365],{"class":92},[52,142557,5629],{"class":66},[52,142559,189],{"class":188},[52,142561,142514],{"class":192},[52,142563,189],{"class":188},[52,142565,74],{"class":66},[52,142567,200],{"class":188},[52,142569,142517],{"class":192},[52,142571,189],{"class":188},[52,142573,69667],{"class":66},[52,142575,142576,142578,142580,142582,142585,142587],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,142577,8188],{"class":118},[52,142579,122],{"class":66},[52,142581,189],{"class":188},[52,142583,142584],{"class":192},"This looks like a web URL.",[52,142586,189],{"class":188},[52,142588,127],{"class":66},[38,142590,2948],{"id":2947},[20,142592,23204,142593,89],{},[15,142594,127657],{},[1324,142596,138729],{"id":142597},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142599,142600,123747],{},[15,142601,127657],{},[43,142603,142605],{"className":45,"code":142604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142606,142607,142619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142608,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142610,34795],{"class":58},[52,142612,63],{"class":62},[52,142614,200],{"class":188},[52,142616,7414],{"class":192},[52,142618,3479],{"class":188},[52,142620,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142622,119],{"class":118},[52,142624,122],{"class":66},[52,142626,34816],{"class":92},[52,142628,89],{"class":66},[52,142630,141365],{"class":92},[52,142632,122],{"class":66},[52,142634,189],{"class":188},[52,142636,47],{"class":192},[52,142638,189],{"class":188},[52,142640,5479],{"class":66},[52,142642,4888],{"class":133},[20,142644,39368],{},[43,142646,142648],{"className":45,"code":142647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142649,142650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142651,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142666,142668,142670,142672,142674,142676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142653,119],{"class":118},[52,142655,122],{"class":66},[52,142657,34816],{"class":92},[52,142659,89],{"class":66},[52,142661,8761],{"class":92},[52,142663,8758],{"class":66},[52,142665,141365],{"class":92},[52,142667,122],{"class":66},[52,142669,189],{"class":188},[52,142671,47],{"class":192},[52,142673,189],{"class":188},[52,142675,5479],{"class":66},[52,142677,3785],{"class":133},[1324,142679,29760,142681,137211],{"id":142680},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142682,127657],{},[20,142684,142685],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[43,142687,142689],{"className":45,"code":142688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142690,142691,142699,142703,142708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142692,142693,142695,142697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142694,2568],{"class":58},[52,142696,63],{"class":62},[52,142698,124971],{"class":70},[52,142700,142701],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142702,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142704,142705],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142706,142707],{"class":133},"# This will cause an error:\n",[52,142709,142710],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,142711,142712],{"class":133},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142714,39368],{},[43,142716,142718],{"className":45,"code":142717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142719,142720,142734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142721,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142723,2568],{"class":58},[52,142725,63],{"class":62},[52,142727,49012],{"class":3020},[52,142729,122],{"class":66},[52,142731,50354],{"class":70},[52,142733,127],{"class":66},[52,142735,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142737,119],{"class":118},[52,142739,122],{"class":66},[52,142741,2593],{"class":92},[52,142743,89],{"class":66},[52,142745,141365],{"class":92},[52,142747,122],{"class":66},[52,142749,189],{"class":188},[52,142751,71],{"class":192},[52,142753,189],{"class":188},[52,142755,5479],{"class":66},[52,142757,3785],{"class":133},[1324,142759,37310,142761,8826,142763],{"id":142760},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142762,127657],{},[15,142764,4003],{},[20,142766,142767,142769],{},[15,142768,127657],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142771,142772,142773,142775,142776,89],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142774,4003],{}," or methods like ",[30,142777,142778],{"href":124299},[15,142779,124284],{},[43,142781,142783],{"className":45,"code":142782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142784,142785,142797,142801,142825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142786,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142788,34795],{"class":58},[52,142790,63],{"class":62},[52,142792,200],{"class":188},[52,142794,60515],{"class":192},[52,142796,3479],{"class":188},[52,142798,142799],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142800,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142802,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142804,119],{"class":118},[52,142806,122],{"class":66},[52,142808,34816],{"class":92},[52,142810,89],{"class":66},[52,142812,141365],{"class":92},[52,142814,122],{"class":66},[52,142816,189],{"class":188},[52,142818,60700],{"class":192},[52,142820,189],{"class":188},[52,142822,5479],{"class":66},[52,142824,4888],{"class":133},[52,142826,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,142828,119],{"class":118},[52,142830,122],{"class":66},[52,142832,189],{"class":188},[52,142834,60700],{"class":192},[52,142836,189],{"class":188},[52,142838,21284],{"class":3996},[52,142840,42950],{"class":92},[52,142842,3782],{"class":66},[52,142844,142845],{"class":133},"           # True\n",[20,142847,135763,142848,89],{},[30,142849,127325],{"href":123544},[1324,142851,4821,142853,668,142855,142857],{"id":142852},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142854,36182],{},[15,142856,52769],{}," use index positions",[20,142859,142860,142861,89],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142862,2243],{},[43,142864,142866],{"className":45,"code":142865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142867,142868,142881,142885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142869,142870,142872,142874,142876,142879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142871,34795],{"class":58},[52,142873,63],{"class":62},[52,142875,200],{"class":188},[52,142877,142878],{"class":192},"abcdef",[52,142880,3479],{"class":188},[52,142882,142883],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142884,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,142886,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895,142897,142899,142901,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142888,119],{"class":118},[52,142890,122],{"class":66},[52,142892,34816],{"class":92},[52,142894,89],{"class":66},[52,142896,141365],{"class":92},[52,142898,122],{"class":66},[52,142900,189],{"class":188},[52,142902,142903],{"class":192},"cd",[52,142905,189],{"class":188},[52,142907,74],{"class":66},[52,142909,77],{"class":70},[52,142911,5479],{"class":66},[52,142913,3785],{"class":133},[1324,142915,142917],{"id":142916},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142919,142920],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142922,16757],{},[43,142924,142926],{"className":45,"code":142925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142927,142928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142929,142930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142931,142925],{"class":133},[20,142933,16769],{},[43,142935,142937],{"className":45,"code":142936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142938,142939,142951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142940,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142942,34795],{"class":58},[52,142944,63],{"class":62},[52,142946,200],{"class":188},[52,142948,7414],{"class":192},[52,142950,3479],{"class":188},[52,142952,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975,142978,142980,142982],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,142954,119],{"class":118},[52,142956,122],{"class":66},[52,142958,34816],{"class":92},[52,142960,89],{"class":66},[52,142962,141365],{"class":92},[52,142964,5629],{"class":66},[52,142966,189],{"class":188},[52,142968,141476],{"class":192},[52,142970,189],{"class":188},[52,142972,74],{"class":66},[52,142974,200],{"class":188},[52,142976,142977],{"class":192},"Ja",[52,142979,189],{"class":188},[52,142981,51200],{"class":66},[52,142983,3785],{"class":133},[20,142985,32192],{},[43,142987,142989],{"className":45,"code":142988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142990,142991,143001,143015,143037,143063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142992,142993,142995,142997,142999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142994,119],{"class":118},[52,142996,122],{"class":66},[52,142998,34816],{"class":92},[52,143000,127],{"class":66},[52,143002,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143004,119],{"class":118},[52,143006,122],{"class":66},[52,143008,3340],{"class":3020},[52,143010,122],{"class":66},[52,143012,34816],{"class":92},[52,143014,2150],{"class":66},[52,143016,143017,143019,143021,143023,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143018,119],{"class":118},[52,143020,122],{"class":66},[52,143022,34816],{"class":92},[52,143024,89],{"class":66},[52,143026,141365],{"class":92},[52,143028,122],{"class":66},[52,143030,189],{"class":188},[52,143032,141476],{"class":192},[52,143034,189],{"class":188},[52,143036,2150],{"class":66},[52,143038,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,143040,119],{"class":118},[52,143042,122],{"class":66},[52,143044,34816],{"class":92},[52,143046,89],{"class":66},[52,143048,8761],{"class":92},[52,143050,8758],{"class":66},[52,143052,141365],{"class":92},[52,143054,122],{"class":66},[52,143056,189],{"class":188},[52,143058,128735],{"class":192},[52,143060,189],{"class":188},[52,143062,2150],{"class":66},[52,143064,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075,143077,143079,143081,143083,143085,143087,143089,143091],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,143066,119],{"class":118},[52,143068,122],{"class":66},[52,143070,34816],{"class":92},[52,143072,89],{"class":66},[52,143074,141365],{"class":92},[52,143076,5629],{"class":66},[52,143078,189],{"class":188},[52,143080,141476],{"class":192},[52,143082,189],{"class":188},[52,143084,74],{"class":66},[52,143086,200],{"class":188},[52,143088,142977],{"class":192},[52,143090,189],{"class":188},[52,143092,3031],{"class":66},[38,143094,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,143096,1937,143098,128135],{"id":143097},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143099,127657],{},[20,143101,143102,143103,2996,143105,89],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143104,3726],{},[15,143106,3795],{},[1324,143108,5288,143110,143112],{"id":143109},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143111,127657],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143114,143115],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[43,143117,143119],{"className":45,"code":143118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143120,143121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143122,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131,143133,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143124,34816],{"class":58},[52,143126,89],{"class":66},[52,143128,141365],{"class":92},[52,143130,5629],{"class":66},[52,143132,189],{"class":188},[52,143134,30],{"class":192},[52,143136,189],{"class":188},[52,143138,74],{"class":66},[52,143140,200],{"class":188},[52,143142,1393],{"class":192},[52,143144,189],{"class":188},[52,143146,2150],{"class":66},[1324,143148,15018,143150,124625],{"id":143149},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143151,127657],{},[20,143153,129818],{},[1324,143155,1959,143157,668,143159,1964],{"id":143156},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143158,127657],{},[15,143160,4003],{},[20,143162,143163,143165,143166,143168],{},[15,143164,127657],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143167,4003],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1324,143170,1949,143172,668,143174,8826,143176,1964],{"id":143171},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143173,36182],{},[15,143175,52769],{},[15,143177,127657],{},[20,143179,143180],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[38,143182,1996],{"id":1995},[154,143184,143185,143191,143197,143203,143207],{},[157,143186,143187],{},[30,143188,126289,143189,10859],{"href":129883},[15,143190,126347],{},[157,143192,143193],{},[30,143194,126289,143195,10859],{"href":124299},[15,143196,124284],{},[157,143198,143199],{},[30,143200,126289,143201,10859],{"href":124016},[15,143202,124019],{},[157,143204,143205],{},[30,143206,124688],{"href":123544},[157,143208,143209],{},[30,143210,125044],{"href":51084},[2044,143212,143213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":143215},[143216,143218,143219,143225,143226,143228,143229,143230,143232,143242,143254],{"id":141411,"depth":83,"text":143217},"What startswith() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":141690,"depth":83,"text":141691,"children":143220},[143221,143222,143223,143224],{"id":141528,"depth":115,"text":141528},{"id":36182,"depth":115,"text":36182},{"id":52769,"depth":115,"text":52769},{"id":141857,"depth":115,"text":141858},{"id":17532,"depth":83,"text":17533},{"id":142035,"depth":83,"text":143227},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142189,"depth":83,"text":142190},{"id":123935,"depth":83,"text":123936},{"id":142491,"depth":83,"text":143231},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":143233},[143234,143235,143237,143239,143241],{"id":142597,"depth":115,"text":138729},{"id":142680,"depth":115,"text":143236},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142760,"depth":115,"text":143238},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142852,"depth":115,"text":143240},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142916,"depth":115,"text":142917},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":143243},[143244,143246,143248,143250,143252],{"id":143097,"depth":115,"text":143245},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143109,"depth":115,"text":143247},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143149,"depth":115,"text":143249},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143156,"depth":115,"text":143251},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143171,"depth":115,"text":143253},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141311,"description":143255},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143262,"title":143263,"body":143264,"description":144718,"extension":2083,"meta":144719,"navigation":240,"path":144720,"seo":144721,"stem":144722,"__hash__":144723},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143265,"toc":144688},[143266,143271,143276,143279,143281,143325,143327,143335,143340,143345,143350,143352,143370,143372,143418,143420,143434,143443,143447,143449,143451,143463,143468,143471,143503,143505,143514,143519,143522,143563,143565,143573,143575,143588,143594,143598,143601,143617,143619,143668,143670,143679,143682,143741,143743,143752,143759,143762,143815,143817,143841,143848,143854,143858,143864,143867,143878,143880,143920,143922,143930,143932,143972,143974,143983,143985,144003,144006,144013,144024,144027,144044,144046,144123,144125,144156,144159,144161,144164,144190,144192,144232,144234,144243,144253,144261,144269,144274,144279,144281,144295,144297,144348,144350,144359,144369,144371,144373,144395,144398,144477,144479,144515,144518,144593,144598,144600,144606,144611,144616,144619,144625,144628,144635,144643,144647,144655,144657,144685],[10,143267,123289,143269,18],{"id":143268},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143270,41761],{},[20,143272,32424,143273,143275],{},[15,143274,41761],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143277,143278],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[38,143280,41],{"id":40},[43,143282,143284],{"className":45,"code":143283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143285,143286,143299,143314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143287,143288,143290,143292,143294,143297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143289,34795],{"class":58},[52,143291,63],{"class":62},[52,143293,200],{"class":188},[52,143295,143296],{"class":192},"  hello  ",[52,143298,3479],{"class":188},[52,143300,143301,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143302,143303],{"class":58},"clean_text ",[52,143305,63],{"class":62},[52,143307,42950],{"class":58},[52,143309,89],{"class":66},[52,143311,8755],{"class":92},[52,143313,8764],{"class":66},[52,143315,143316,143318,143320,143323],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143317,119],{"class":118},[52,143319,122],{"class":66},[52,143321,143322],{"class":92},"clean_text",[52,143324,127],{"class":66},[20,143326,2193],{},[43,143328,143329],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143330,143331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143332,143333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143334,138604],{"class":58},[20,143336,137,143337,143339],{},[15,143338,41761],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[38,143341,144,143343,147],{"id":143342},"what-strip-does",[15,143344,41761],{},[20,143346,143347,143349],{},[15,143348,41761],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143351,13169],{},[154,143353,143354,143358,143361,143364,143367],{},[157,143355,143356,131639],{},[15,143357,41761],{},[157,143359,143360],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[157,143362,143363],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[157,143365,143366],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[157,143368,143369],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143371,347],{},[43,143373,143375],{"className":45,"code":143374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143376,143377,143390,143394,143408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143378,143379,143381,143383,143385,143388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143380,34795],{"class":58},[52,143382,63],{"class":62},[52,143384,200],{"class":188},[52,143386,143387],{"class":192},"  hello world  ",[52,143389,3479],{"class":188},[52,143391,143392],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143393,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,143395,143396,143398,143400,143402,143404,143406],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143397,119],{"class":118},[52,143399,122],{"class":66},[52,143401,34816],{"class":92},[52,143403,89],{"class":66},[52,143405,8755],{"class":92},[52,143407,7312],{"class":66},[52,143409,143410,143412,143414,143416],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,143411,119],{"class":118},[52,143413,122],{"class":66},[52,143415,34816],{"class":92},[52,143417,127],{"class":66},[20,143419,2193],{},[43,143421,143423],{"className":45,"code":143422,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143424,143425,143429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143426,143427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143428,134305],{"class":58},[52,143430,143431],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143432,143433],{"class":58},"  hello world\n",[20,143435,143436,143437,143439,143440,143442],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143438,41761],{},", but the original ",[15,143441,34816],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143444,125041,143445,89],{},[30,143446,125044],{"href":51084},[38,143448,268],{"id":267},[20,143450,26597],{},[154,143452,143453,143458],{},[157,143454,143455],{},[15,143456,143457],{},"string.strip()",[157,143459,143460],{},[15,143461,143462],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1324,143464,143466],{"id":143465},"stringstrip",[15,143467,143457],{},[20,143469,143470],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[43,143472,143474],{"className":45,"code":143473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143475,143476,143489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143477,143478,143480,143482,143484,143487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143479,7995],{"class":58},[52,143481,63],{"class":62},[52,143483,200],{"class":188},[52,143485,143486],{"class":192},"  Alice  ",[52,143488,3479],{"class":188},[52,143490,143491,143493,143495,143497,143499,143501],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143492,119],{"class":118},[52,143494,122],{"class":66},[52,143496,7786],{"class":92},[52,143498,89],{"class":66},[52,143500,8755],{"class":92},[52,143502,7312],{"class":66},[20,143504,2193],{},[43,143506,143508],{"className":45,"code":143507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Alice\n",[15,143509,143510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143511,143512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143513,143507],{"class":58},[1324,143515,143517],{"id":143516},"stringstripchars",[15,143518,143462],{},[20,143520,143521],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[43,143523,143525],{"className":45,"code":143524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143526,143527,143540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143528,143529,143531,143533,143535,143538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143530,34795],{"class":58},[52,143532,63],{"class":62},[52,143534,200],{"class":188},[52,143536,143537],{"class":192},"!!hello??",[52,143539,3479],{"class":188},[52,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550,143552,143554,143556,143559,143561],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143543,119],{"class":118},[52,143545,122],{"class":66},[52,143547,34816],{"class":92},[52,143549,89],{"class":66},[52,143551,8755],{"class":92},[52,143553,122],{"class":66},[52,143555,189],{"class":188},[52,143557,143558],{"class":192},"!?",[52,143560,189],{"class":188},[52,143562,2150],{"class":66},[20,143564,2193],{},[43,143566,143567],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143568,143569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143570,143571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143572,138604],{"class":58},[20,143574,83921],{},[154,143576,143577,143582],{},[157,143578,143579,143581],{},[15,143580,134548],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[157,143583,143584,143585,143587],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143586,134548],{}," does not matter",[38,143589,143591,143592],{"id":143590},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143593,41761],{},[20,143595,30994,143596,89],{},[15,143597,41761],{},[20,143599,143600],{},"It is useful for:",[154,143602,143603,143608,143611,143614],{},[157,143604,143605,143606,4006],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143607,3077],{},[157,143609,143610],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[157,143612,143613],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[157,143615,143616],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143618,48469],{},[43,143620,143622],{"className":45,"code":143621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143623,143624,143637,143653,143657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143625,143626,143628,143630,143632,143635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143627,8080],{"class":58},[52,143629,63],{"class":62},[52,143631,200],{"class":188},[52,143633,143634],{"class":192},"  sam  ",[52,143636,3479],{"class":188},[52,143638,143639,143642,143644,143647,143649,143651],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143640,143641],{"class":58},"clean_username ",[52,143643,63],{"class":62},[52,143645,143646],{"class":58}," username",[52,143648,89],{"class":66},[52,143650,8755],{"class":92},[52,143652,8764],{"class":66},[52,143654,143655],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143656,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,143658,143659,143661,143663,143666],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,143660,119],{"class":118},[52,143662,122],{"class":66},[52,143664,143665],{"class":92},"clean_username",[52,143667,127],{"class":66},[20,143669,2193],{},[43,143671,143673],{"className":45,"code":143672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sam\n",[15,143674,143675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143676,143677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143678,143672],{"class":58},[20,143680,143681],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[43,143683,143685],{"className":45,"code":143684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143686,143687,143700,143704,143726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143688,143689,143691,143693,143695,143698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143690,136532],{"class":58},[52,143692,63],{"class":62},[52,143694,200],{"class":188},[52,143696,143697],{"class":192}," yes  ",[52,143699,3479],{"class":188},[52,143701,143702],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143703,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,143705,143706,143708,143710,143712,143714,143716,143718,143720,143722,143724],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143707,7115],{"class":3996},[52,143709,136552],{"class":58},[52,143711,89],{"class":66},[52,143713,8755],{"class":92},[52,143715,7483],{"class":66},[52,143717,6529],{"class":62},[52,143719,200],{"class":188},[52,143721,8779],{"class":192},[52,143723,189],{"class":188},[52,143725,6514],{"class":66},[52,143727,143728,143730,143732,143734,143737,143739],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,143729,8188],{"class":118},[52,143731,122],{"class":66},[52,143733,189],{"class":188},[52,143735,143736],{"class":192},"Matched",[52,143738,189],{"class":188},[52,143740,127],{"class":66},[20,143742,2193],{},[43,143744,143746],{"className":45,"code":143745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Matched\n",[15,143747,143748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143749,143750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143751,143745],{"class":58},[20,143753,143754,143755,89],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[30,143756,143758],{"href":143757},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143760,143761],{},"Example with file-style text:",[43,143763,143765],{"className":45,"code":143764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143766,143767,143783,143797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143768,143769,143772,143774,143776,143779,143781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143770,143771],{"class":58},"line ",[52,143773,63],{"class":62},[52,143775,200],{"class":188},[52,143777,143778],{"class":192},"Python basics",[52,143780,87253],{"class":34560},[52,143782,3479],{"class":188},[52,143784,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143786,119],{"class":118},[52,143788,122],{"class":66},[52,143790,41887],{"class":118},[52,143792,122],{"class":66},[52,143794,54],{"class":92},[52,143796,2150],{"class":66},[52,143798,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807,143809,143811,143813],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143800,119],{"class":118},[52,143802,122],{"class":66},[52,143804,41887],{"class":118},[52,143806,122],{"class":66},[52,143808,54],{"class":92},[52,143810,89],{"class":66},[52,143812,8755],{"class":92},[52,143814,6410],{"class":66},[20,143816,2193],{},[43,143818,143820],{"className":45,"code":143819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143821,143822,143833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143823,143824,143826,143828,143831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143825,3420],{"class":43437},[52,143827,143778],{"class":43441},[52,143829,87253],{"class":143830},"sfi6f",[52,143832,29810],{"class":43437},[52,143834,143835,143837,143839],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143836,3420],{"class":43437},[52,143838,143778],{"class":43441},[52,143840,29810],{"class":43437},[20,143842,8538,143843,143845,143846,89],{},[15,143844,122503],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143847,87253],{},[20,143849,143850,143851,89],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[30,143852,143853],{"href":87906},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[38,143855,143857],{"id":143856},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143859,143860,143861,89],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143862,143863],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143865,143866],{},"Python will:",[154,143868,143869,143872,143875],{},[157,143870,143871],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[157,143873,143874],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[157,143876,143877],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143879,347],{},[43,143881,143883],{"className":45,"code":143882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143884,143885,143898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143886,143887,143889,143891,143893,143896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143888,34795],{"class":58},[52,143890,63],{"class":62},[52,143892,200],{"class":188},[52,143894,143895],{"class":192},"??hello!!",[52,143897,3479],{"class":188},[52,143899,143900,143902,143904,143906,143908,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143901,119],{"class":118},[52,143903,122],{"class":66},[52,143905,34816],{"class":92},[52,143907,89],{"class":66},[52,143909,8755],{"class":92},[52,143911,122],{"class":66},[52,143913,189],{"class":188},[52,143915,143558],{"class":192},[52,143917,189],{"class":188},[52,143919,2150],{"class":66},[20,143921,2193],{},[43,143923,143924],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143925,143926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143927,143928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143929,138604],{"class":58},[20,143931,52189],{},[43,143933,143935],{"className":45,"code":143934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143936,143937,143950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143938,143939,143941,143943,143945,143948],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143940,34795],{"class":58},[52,143942,63],{"class":62},[52,143944,200],{"class":188},[52,143946,143947],{"class":192},"abcHelloCba",[52,143949,3479],{"class":188},[52,143951,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960,143962,143964,143966,143968,143970],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,143953,119],{"class":118},[52,143955,122],{"class":66},[52,143957,34816],{"class":92},[52,143959,89],{"class":66},[52,143961,8755],{"class":92},[52,143963,122],{"class":66},[52,143965,189],{"class":188},[52,143967,41668],{"class":192},[52,143969,189],{"class":188},[52,143971,2150],{"class":66},[20,143973,2193],{},[43,143975,143977],{"className":45,"code":143976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloC\n",[15,143978,143979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143980,143981],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143982,143976],{"class":58},[20,143984,6355],{},[20,143986,143987,982,143990,143992,143993,143995,143996,2311,143998,2315,144000,144002],{},[15,143988,143989],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[984,143991,986],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143994,41668],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143997,30],{},[15,143999,1393],{},[15,144001,1491],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144004,144005],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144007,144008,144009,1311],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[30,144010,144011],{"href":129870},[15,144012,124460],{},[38,144014,144016,1083,144018,1083,144021],{"id":144015},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144017,41761],{},[15,144019,144020],{},"lstrip()",[15,144022,144023],{},"rstrip()",[20,144025,144026],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[154,144028,144029,144034,144039],{},[157,144030,144031,144033],{},[15,144032,41761],{}," removes from both ends",[157,144035,144036,144038],{},[15,144037,144020],{}," removes from the left side only",[157,144040,144041,144043],{},[15,144042,144023],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144045,347],{},[43,144047,144049],{"className":45,"code":144048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144050,144051,144063,144067,144085,144104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144052,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144054,34795],{"class":58},[52,144056,63],{"class":62},[52,144058,200],{"class":188},[52,144060,143296],{"class":192},[52,144062,3479],{"class":188},[52,144064,144065],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144066,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,144068,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144070,119],{"class":118},[52,144072,122],{"class":66},[52,144074,41887],{"class":118},[52,144076,122],{"class":66},[52,144078,34816],{"class":92},[52,144080,89],{"class":66},[52,144082,8755],{"class":92},[52,144084,6410],{"class":66},[52,144086,144087,144089,144091,144093,144095,144097,144099,144102],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,144088,119],{"class":118},[52,144090,122],{"class":66},[52,144092,41887],{"class":118},[52,144094,122],{"class":66},[52,144096,34816],{"class":92},[52,144098,89],{"class":66},[52,144100,144101],{"class":92},"lstrip",[52,144103,6410],{"class":66},[52,144105,144106,144108,144110,144112,144114,144116,144118,144121],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,144107,119],{"class":118},[52,144109,122],{"class":66},[52,144111,41887],{"class":118},[52,144113,122],{"class":66},[52,144115,34816],{"class":92},[52,144117,89],{"class":66},[52,144119,144120],{"class":92},"rstrip",[52,144122,6410],{"class":66},[20,144124,2193],{},[43,144126,144128],{"className":45,"code":144127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144129,144130,144138,144147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144131,144132,144134,144136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144133,3420],{"class":43437},[52,144135,3964],{"class":43441},[52,144137,29810],{"class":43437},[52,144139,144140,144142,144145],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144141,3420],{"class":43437},[52,144143,144144],{"class":43441},"hello  ",[52,144146,29810],{"class":43437},[52,144148,144149,144151,144154],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144150,3420],{"class":43437},[52,144152,144153],{"class":43441},"  hello",[52,144155,29810],{"class":43437},[20,144157,144158],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[38,144160,108438],{"id":108437},[20,144162,144163],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[154,144165,144166,144174,144184,144187],{},[157,144167,144168,144170,144171,144173],{},[15,144169,143989],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144172,41637],{}," once",[157,144175,144176,144177,2311,144179,2315,144181,144183],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144178,30],{},[15,144180,1393],{},[15,144182,1491],{}," from both ends",[157,144185,144186],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[157,144188,144189],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144191,347],{},[43,144193,144195],{"className":45,"code":144194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144196,144197,144210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144198,144199,144201,144203,144205,144208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144200,126372],{"class":58},[52,144202,63],{"class":62},[52,144204,200],{"class":188},[52,144206,144207],{"class":192},"txt_report.txt",[52,144209,3479],{"class":188},[52,144211,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228,144230],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144213,119],{"class":118},[52,144215,122],{"class":66},[52,144217,126390],{"class":92},[52,144219,89],{"class":66},[52,144221,8755],{"class":92},[52,144223,122],{"class":66},[52,144225,189],{"class":188},[52,144227,126425],{"class":192},[52,144229,189],{"class":188},[52,144231,2150],{"class":66},[20,144233,2193],{},[43,144235,144237],{"className":45,"code":144236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"_report\n",[15,144238,144239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144240,144241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144242,144236],{"class":58},[20,144244,144245,144246,2311,144248,2315,144250,144252],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144247,89],{},[15,144249,63392],{},[15,144251,930],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144254,53762,144255,4900,144258,144260],{},[15,144256,144257],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[984,144259,986],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144262,144263,144264,144268],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[30,144265,144266],{"href":129870},[15,144267,124460],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[38,144270,5078,144272],{"id":144271},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144273,41761],{},[20,144275,137,144276,144278],{},[15,144277,41761],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144280,36532],{},[154,144282,144283,144287,144289,144292],{},[157,144284,143605,144285,4006],{},[15,144286,3077],{},[157,144288,143610],{},[157,144290,144291],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[157,144293,144294],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144296,347],{},[43,144298,144300],{"className":45,"code":144299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144301,144302,144316,144320,144333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144303,144304,144307,144309,144311,144314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144305,144306],{"class":58},"email ",[52,144308,63],{"class":62},[52,144310,200],{"class":188},[52,144312,144313],{"class":192},"  user@example.com  ",[52,144315,3479],{"class":188},[52,144317,144318],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144319,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,144321,144322,144324,144327,144329,144331],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144323,7115],{"class":3996},[52,144325,144326],{"class":58}," email",[52,144328,89],{"class":66},[52,144330,8755],{"class":92},[52,144332,21706],{"class":66},[52,144334,144335,144337,144339,144341,144344,144346],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,144336,8188],{"class":118},[52,144338,122],{"class":66},[52,144340,189],{"class":188},[52,144342,144343],{"class":192},"Email was entered",[52,144345,189],{"class":188},[52,144347,127],{"class":66},[20,144349,2193],{},[43,144351,144353],{"className":45,"code":144352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Email was entered\n",[15,144354,144355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144356,144357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144358,144352],{"class":58},[20,144360,144361,144362,144364,144365,89],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144363,41761],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[30,144366,144367],{"href":124016},[15,144368,124019],{},[38,144370,2948],{"id":2947},[20,144372,84340],{},[154,144374,144375,144379,144384,144389],{},[157,144376,8574,144377,131509],{},[15,144378,41761],{},[157,144380,8574,144381,144383],{},[15,144382,41761],{}," to remove text from the middle",[157,144385,8538,144386,144388],{},[15,144387,144257],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[157,144390,4821,144391,144394],{},[15,144392,144393],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144396,144397],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[43,144399,144401],{"className":45,"code":144400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144402,144403,144417,144421,144431,144445,144459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144404,144405,144407,144409,144411,144413,144415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144406,34795],{"class":58},[52,144408,63],{"class":62},[52,144410,200],{"class":188},[52,144412,144153],{"class":192},[52,144414,87253],{"class":34560},[52,144416,3479],{"class":188},[52,144418,144419],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144420,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,144422,144423,144425,144427,144429],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144424,119],{"class":118},[52,144426,122],{"class":66},[52,144428,34816],{"class":92},[52,144430,127],{"class":66},[52,144432,144433,144435,144437,144439,144441,144443],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,144434,119],{"class":118},[52,144436,122],{"class":66},[52,144438,41887],{"class":118},[52,144440,122],{"class":66},[52,144442,34816],{"class":92},[52,144444,2150],{"class":66},[52,144446,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,144448,119],{"class":118},[52,144450,122],{"class":66},[52,144452,34816],{"class":92},[52,144454,89],{"class":66},[52,144456,8755],{"class":92},[52,144458,7312],{"class":66},[52,144460,144461,144463,144465,144467,144469,144471,144473,144475],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,144462,119],{"class":118},[52,144464,122],{"class":66},[52,144466,41887],{"class":118},[52,144468,122],{"class":66},[52,144470,34816],{"class":92},[52,144472,89],{"class":66},[52,144474,8755],{"class":92},[52,144476,6410],{"class":66},[20,144478,2193],{},[43,144480,144482],{"className":45,"code":144481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144483,144484,144489,144493,144503,144507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144485,144486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144487,144488],{"class":58},"  hello\n",[52,144490,144491],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144492,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,144494,144495,144497,144499,144501],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144496,3420],{"class":43437},[52,144498,144153],{"class":43441},[52,144500,87253],{"class":143830},[52,144502,29810],{"class":43437},[52,144504,144505],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,144506,138604],{"class":58},[52,144508,144509,144511,144513],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,144510,3420],{"class":43437},[52,144512,3964],{"class":43441},[52,144514,29810],{"class":43437},[20,144516,144517],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[43,144519,144521],{"className":45,"code":144520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144522,144523,144533,144547,144561,144579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144524,144525,144527,144529,144531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144526,119],{"class":118},[52,144528,122],{"class":66},[52,144530,34816],{"class":92},[52,144532,127],{"class":66},[52,144534,144535,144537,144539,144541,144543,144545],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144536,119],{"class":118},[52,144538,122],{"class":66},[52,144540,41887],{"class":118},[52,144542,122],{"class":66},[52,144544,34816],{"class":92},[52,144546,2150],{"class":66},[52,144548,144549,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144550,119],{"class":118},[52,144552,122],{"class":66},[52,144554,34816],{"class":92},[52,144556,89],{"class":66},[52,144558,8755],{"class":92},[52,144560,7312],{"class":66},[52,144562,144563,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,144564,119],{"class":118},[52,144566,122],{"class":66},[52,144568,41887],{"class":118},[52,144570,122],{"class":66},[52,144572,34816],{"class":92},[52,144574,89],{"class":66},[52,144576,8755],{"class":92},[52,144578,6410],{"class":66},[52,144580,144581,144583,144585,144587,144589,144591],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,144582,32262],{"class":118},[52,144584,122],{"class":66},[52,144586,3564],{"class":3020},[52,144588,89],{"class":66},[52,144590,8755],{"class":24860},[52,144592,127],{"class":66},[20,144594,144595,144597],{},[15,144596,122503],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[38,144599,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,144601,1937,144603,144605],{"id":144602},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144604,41761],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144607,46472,144608,144610],{},[15,144609,41761],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1324,144612,1937,144614,124616],{"id":144613},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144615,41761],{},[20,144617,144618],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1324,144620,5260,144622,144624],{"id":144621},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144623,41761],{}," remove by default?",[20,144626,144627],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1324,144629,34312,144631,34315,144633,1964],{"id":144630},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144632,41761],{},[15,144634,124460],{},[20,144636,144637,144639,144640,144642],{},[15,144638,41761],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144641,124460],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1324,144644,144646],{"id":144645},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144648,128162,144649,144651,144652,144654],{},[15,144650,144020],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144653,144023],{}," for the right side.",[38,144656,1996],{"id":1995},[154,144658,144659,144665,144671,144676,144681],{},[157,144660,144661],{},[30,144662,126289,144663,10859],{"href":124016},[15,144664,124019],{},[157,144666,144667],{},[30,144668,126289,144669,10859],{"href":129870},[15,144670,124460],{},[157,144672,144673],{},[30,144674,144675],{"href":143757},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[157,144677,144678],{},[30,144679,144680],{"href":87906},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[157,144682,144683],{},[30,144684,125044],{"href":51084},[2044,144686,144687],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":144689},[144690,144691,144693,144697,144699,144700,144702,144703,144705,144706,144717],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":143342,"depth":83,"text":144692},"What strip() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":144694},[144695,144696],{"id":143465,"depth":115,"text":143457},{"id":143516,"depth":115,"text":143462},{"id":143590,"depth":83,"text":144698},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143856,"depth":83,"text":143857},{"id":144015,"depth":83,"text":144701},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108437,"depth":83,"text":108438},{"id":144271,"depth":83,"text":144704},"When to use strip()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":144707},[144708,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"id":144602,"depth":115,"text":144709},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144613,"depth":115,"text":144711},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144621,"depth":115,"text":144713},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144630,"depth":115,"text":144715},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144645,"depth":115,"text":144646},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143263,"description":144718},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144725,"title":144726,"body":144727,"description":145907,"extension":2083,"meta":145908,"navigation":240,"path":145909,"seo":145910,"stem":145911,"__hash__":145912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144728,"toc":145877},[144729,144734,144739,144744,144746,144792,144800,144805,144819,144825,144827,144829,144844,144846,144856,144859,144890,144893,144916,144918,144921,144978,144980,144994,144996,145010,145016,145021,145024,145065,145067,145076,145084,145087,145132,145134,145143,145146,145150,145155,145169,145171,145203,145205,145225,145228,145233,145238,145240,145251,145254,145311,145313,145321,145330,145332,145334,145340,145342,145379,145381,145389,145391,145432,145434,145443,145448,145453,145455,145482,145489,145492,145523,145525,145534,145540,145549,145580,145582,145594,145607,145611,145616,145646,145648,145715,145717,145727,145729,145734,145737,145742,145747,145751,145757,145763,145766,145768,145826,145828,145836,145838,145874],[10,144730,123289,144732,18],{"id":144731},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144733,128167],{},[20,144735,123294,144736,144738],{},[15,144737,128167],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144740,84717,144741,144743],{},[15,144742,128167],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[38,144745,2125],{"id":2124},[43,144747,144749],{"className":45,"code":144748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144750,144751,144763,144777,144787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144752,144753,144755,144757,144759,144761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144754,34795],{"class":58},[52,144756,63],{"class":62},[52,144758,200],{"class":188},[52,144760,129008],{"class":192},[52,144762,3479],{"class":188},[52,144764,144765,144767,144769,144771,144773,144775],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144766,474],{"class":58},[52,144768,63],{"class":62},[52,144770,42950],{"class":58},[52,144772,89],{"class":66},[52,144774,34585],{"class":92},[52,144776,8764],{"class":66},[52,144778,144779,144781,144783,144785],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144780,119],{"class":118},[52,144782,122],{"class":66},[52,144784,507],{"class":92},[52,144786,127],{"class":66},[52,144788,144789],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,144790,144791],{"class":133},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144793,144794,144796,144797,144799],{},[15,144795,128167],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[984,144798,986],{}," change the original string in place.",[38,144801,144,144803,147],{"id":144802},"what-upper-does",[15,144804,128167],{},[154,144806,144807,144812,144815,144817],{},[157,144808,144809,144811],{},[15,144810,128167],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[157,144813,144814],{},"It works on string values only",[157,144816,133537],{},[157,144818,136255],{},[20,144820,125041,144821,2996,144823,89],{},[30,144822,136261],{"href":136260},[30,144824,125044],{"href":51084},[38,144826,268],{"id":267},[20,144828,2282],{},[43,144830,144832],{"className":45,"code":144831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.upper()\n",[15,144833,144834],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144835,144836,144838,144840,144842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144837,61283],{"class":58},[52,144839,89],{"class":66},[52,144841,34585],{"class":92},[52,144843,8764],{"class":66},[20,144845,11575],{},[154,144847,144848,144850,144853],{},[157,144849,97613],{},[157,144851,144852],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[157,144854,144855],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144857,144858],{},"Example with a variable:",[43,144860,144862],{"className":45,"code":144861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144863,144864,144876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144865,144866,144868,144870,144872,144874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144867,7995],{"class":58},[52,144869,63],{"class":62},[52,144871,200],{"class":188},[52,144873,47],{"class":192},[52,144875,3479],{"class":188},[52,144877,144878,144880,144882,144884,144886,144888],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144879,119],{"class":118},[52,144881,122],{"class":66},[52,144883,7786],{"class":92},[52,144885,89],{"class":66},[52,144887,34585],{"class":92},[52,144889,7312],{"class":66},[20,144891,144892],{},"Example with a string literal:",[43,144894,144896],{"className":45,"code":144895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144897,144898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144899,144900,144902,144904,144906,144908,144910,144912,144914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144901,119],{"class":118},[52,144903,122],{"class":66},[52,144905,189],{"class":188},[52,144907,3964],{"class":192},[52,144909,189],{"class":188},[52,144911,89],{"class":66},[52,144913,34585],{"class":92},[52,144915,7312],{"class":66},[38,144917,11592],{"id":11591},[20,144919,144920],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[43,144922,144924],{"className":45,"code":144923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144925,144926,144938,144953,144957,144967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144927,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144929,6274],{"class":58},[52,144931,63],{"class":62},[52,144933,200],{"class":188},[52,144935,1145],{"class":192},[52,144937,3479],{"class":188},[52,144939,144940,144943,144945,144947,144949,144951],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144941,144942],{"class":58},"uppercase_word ",[52,144944,63],{"class":62},[52,144946,38487],{"class":58},[52,144948,89],{"class":66},[52,144950,34585],{"class":92},[52,144952,8764],{"class":66},[52,144954,144955],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144956,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,144958,144959,144961,144963,144965],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,144960,119],{"class":118},[52,144962,122],{"class":66},[52,144964,38497],{"class":92},[52,144966,127],{"class":66},[52,144968,144969,144971,144973,144976],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,144970,119],{"class":118},[52,144972,122],{"class":66},[52,144974,144975],{"class":92},"uppercase_word",[52,144977,127],{"class":66},[20,144979,2193],{},[43,144981,144983],{"className":45,"code":144982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144984,144985,144989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144986,144987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144988,70510],{"class":58},[52,144990,144991],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,144992,144993],{"class":34560},"BANANA\n",[20,144995,112541],{},[154,144997,144998,145003],{},[157,144999,145000,145002],{},[15,145001,38497],{}," keeps its original value",[157,145004,145005,145007,145008],{},[15,145006,144975],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145009,128167],{},[38,145011,145013,145015],{"id":145012},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145014,128167],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145017,136921,145018,145020],{},[984,145019,136924],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145022,145023],{},"So this method:",[43,145025,145027],{"className":45,"code":145026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145028,145029,145041,145051,145055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145030,145031,145033,145035,145037,145039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145032,7995],{"class":58},[52,145034,63],{"class":62},[52,145036,200],{"class":188},[52,145038,17916],{"class":192},[52,145040,3479],{"class":188},[52,145042,145043,145045,145047,145049],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145044,7786],{"class":58},[52,145046,89],{"class":66},[52,145048,34585],{"class":92},[52,145050,8764],{"class":66},[52,145052,145053],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145054,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,145056,145057,145059,145061,145063],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,145058,119],{"class":118},[52,145060,122],{"class":66},[52,145062,7786],{"class":92},[52,145064,127],{"class":66},[20,145066,2193],{},[43,145068,145070],{"className":45,"code":145069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"alice\n",[15,145071,145072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145073,145074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145075,145069],{"class":58},[20,145077,260,145078,145080,145081,145083],{},[15,145079,128167],{}," was called, ",[15,145082,7786],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145085,145086],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[43,145088,145090],{"className":45,"code":145089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145091,145092,145104,145118,145122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145093,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145095,7995],{"class":58},[52,145097,63],{"class":62},[52,145099,200],{"class":188},[52,145101,17916],{"class":192},[52,145103,3479],{"class":188},[52,145105,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114,145116],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145107,7995],{"class":58},[52,145109,63],{"class":62},[52,145111,36101],{"class":58},[52,145113,89],{"class":66},[52,145115,34585],{"class":92},[52,145117,8764],{"class":66},[52,145119,145120],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145121,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,145123,145124,145126,145128,145130],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,145125,119],{"class":118},[52,145127,122],{"class":66},[52,145129,7786],{"class":92},[52,145131,127],{"class":66},[20,145133,2193],{},[43,145135,145137],{"className":45,"code":145136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ALICE\n",[15,145138,145139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145140,145141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145142,145136],{"class":34560},[20,145144,145145],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[38,145147,145149],{"id":145148},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145151,145152,145154],{},[15,145153,128167],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[154,145156,145157,145160,145163,145166],{},[157,145158,145159],{},"Numbers stay the same",[157,145161,145162],{},"Spaces stay the same",[157,145164,145165],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[157,145167,145168],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145170,347],{},[43,145172,145174],{"className":45,"code":145173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145175,145176,145189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145177,145178,145180,145182,145184,145187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145179,34795],{"class":58},[52,145181,63],{"class":62},[52,145183,200],{"class":188},[52,145185,145186],{"class":192},"Room 7, table #3!",[52,145188,3479],{"class":188},[52,145190,145191,145193,145195,145197,145199,145201],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145192,119],{"class":118},[52,145194,122],{"class":66},[52,145196,34816],{"class":92},[52,145198,89],{"class":66},[52,145200,34585],{"class":92},[52,145202,7312],{"class":66},[20,145204,2193],{},[43,145206,145208],{"className":45,"code":145207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145209,145210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145211,145212,145215,145217,145219,145222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145213,145214],{"class":34560},"ROOM",[52,145216,6113],{"class":70},[52,145218,74],{"class":66},[52,145220,145221],{"class":34560}," TABLE",[52,145223,145224],{"class":133}," #3!\n",[20,145226,145227],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[38,145229,5078,145231],{"id":145230},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145232,128167],{},[20,145234,145235,145237],{},[15,145236,128167],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145239,48447],{},[154,145241,145242,145245,145248],{},[157,145243,145244],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[157,145246,145247],{},"Format labels or headings",[157,145249,145250],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145252,145253],{},"Example: simple comparison",[43,145255,145257],{"className":45,"code":145256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145258,145259,145271,145275,145297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145260,145261,145263,145265,145267,145269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145262,136532],{"class":58},[52,145264,63],{"class":62},[52,145266,200],{"class":188},[52,145268,8779],{"class":192},[52,145270,3479],{"class":188},[52,145272,145273],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145274,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,145276,145277,145279,145281,145283,145285,145287,145289,145291,145293,145295],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145278,7115],{"class":3996},[52,145280,136552],{"class":58},[52,145282,89],{"class":66},[52,145284,34585],{"class":92},[52,145286,7483],{"class":66},[52,145288,6529],{"class":62},[52,145290,200],{"class":188},[52,145292,136539],{"class":192},[52,145294,189],{"class":188},[52,145296,6514],{"class":66},[52,145298,145299,145301,145303,145305,145307,145309],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,145300,8188],{"class":118},[52,145302,122],{"class":66},[52,145304,189],{"class":188},[52,145306,143736],{"class":192},[52,145308,189],{"class":188},[52,145310,127],{"class":66},[20,145312,2193],{},[43,145314,145315],{"className":45,"code":143745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145316,145317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145318,145319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145320,143745],{"class":58},[20,145322,145323,145324,2311,145326,2315,145328,89],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145325,8779],{},[15,145327,137325],{},[15,145329,136539],{},[38,145331,2948],{"id":2947},[1324,145333,95989],{"id":95988},[20,145335,8236,145336,145339],{},[15,145337,145338],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145341,16757],{},[43,145343,145345],{"className":45,"code":145344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145346,145347,145359,145369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145348,145349,145351,145353,145355,145357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145350,34795],{"class":58},[52,145352,63],{"class":62},[52,145354,200],{"class":188},[52,145356,3964],{"class":192},[52,145358,3479],{"class":188},[52,145360,145361,145363,145365,145367],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145362,34816],{"class":58},[52,145364,89],{"class":66},[52,145366,34585],{"class":92},[52,145368,8764],{"class":66},[52,145370,145371,145373,145375,145377],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145372,119],{"class":118},[52,145374,122],{"class":66},[52,145376,34816],{"class":92},[52,145378,127],{"class":66},[20,145380,2193],{},[43,145382,145383],{"className":45,"code":138604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145384,145385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145386,145387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145388,138604],{"class":58},[20,145390,16769],{},[43,145392,145394],{"className":45,"code":145393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145395,145396,145408,145422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145397,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145399,34795],{"class":58},[52,145401,63],{"class":62},[52,145403,200],{"class":188},[52,145405,3964],{"class":192},[52,145407,3479],{"class":188},[52,145409,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145411,34795],{"class":58},[52,145413,63],{"class":62},[52,145415,42950],{"class":58},[52,145417,89],{"class":66},[52,145419,34585],{"class":92},[52,145421,8764],{"class":66},[52,145423,145424,145426,145428,145430],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145425,119],{"class":118},[52,145427,122],{"class":66},[52,145429,34816],{"class":92},[52,145431,127],{"class":66},[20,145433,2193],{},[43,145435,145437],{"className":45,"code":145436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO\n",[15,145438,145439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145440,145441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145442,145436],{"class":34560},[1324,145444,19019,145446,137211],{"id":145445},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145447,128167],{},[20,145449,145450,145452],{},[15,145451,128167],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145454,347],{},[43,145456,145458],{"className":45,"code":145457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145459,145460,145468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145461,145462,145464,145466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145463,2339],{"class":58},[52,145465,63],{"class":62},[52,145467,124971],{"class":70},[52,145469,145470,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145471,119],{"class":118},[52,145473,122],{"class":66},[52,145475,2361],{"class":92},[52,145477,89],{"class":66},[52,145479,34585],{"class":92},[52,145481,7312],{"class":66},[20,145483,39760,145484,145486,145487,33707],{},[15,145485,2310],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145488,128167],{},[20,145490,145491],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[43,145493,145495],{"className":45,"code":145494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145496,145497,145505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145498,145499,145501,145503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145500,2339],{"class":58},[52,145502,63],{"class":62},[52,145504,124971],{"class":70},[52,145506,145507,145509,145511,145513,145515,145517,145519,145521],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145508,119],{"class":118},[52,145510,122],{"class":66},[52,145512,3564],{"class":3020},[52,145514,122],{"class":66},[52,145516,2361],{"class":92},[52,145518,8752],{"class":66},[52,145520,34585],{"class":92},[52,145522,7312],{"class":66},[20,145524,2193],{},[43,145526,145528],{"className":45,"code":145527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"123\n",[15,145529,145530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145531,145532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145533,145527],{"class":70},[1324,145535,37310,145537,145539],{"id":145536},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145538,128167],{}," with title case",[20,145541,145542,145544,145545,145548],{},[15,145543,128167],{}," makes ",[984,145546,145547],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[43,145550,145552],{"className":45,"code":145551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145553,145554,145566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145555,145556,145558,145560,145562,145564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145557,34795],{"class":58},[52,145559,63],{"class":62},[52,145561,200],{"class":188},[52,145563,60515],{"class":192},[52,145565,3479],{"class":188},[52,145567,145568,145570,145572,145574,145576,145578],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145569,119],{"class":118},[52,145571,122],{"class":66},[52,145573,34816],{"class":92},[52,145575,89],{"class":66},[52,145577,34585],{"class":92},[52,145579,7312],{"class":66},[20,145581,2193],{},[43,145583,145585],{"className":45,"code":145584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145586,145587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145588,145589,145591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145590,136313],{"class":34560},[52,145592,145593],{"class":34560}," WORLD\n",[20,145595,145596,145597,145601,145602,145606],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[30,145598,145599],{"href":124016},[15,145600,124019],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[30,145603,145604],{"href":129870},[15,145605,124460],{}," changes parts of a string.",[38,145608,145610],{"id":145609},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145612,145613,145614,152],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145615,128167],{},[154,145617,145618,145625,145632,145639],{},[157,145619,145620,145624],{},[30,145621,145622],{"href":124016},[15,145623,124019],{}," for lowercase text",[157,145626,145627,145631],{},[30,145628,145629],{"href":136859},[15,145630,41761],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[157,145633,145634,145638],{},[30,145635,145636],{"href":129870},[15,145637,124460],{}," for changing parts of a string",[157,145640,145641,668,145643,145645],{},[15,145642,127657],{},[15,145644,126347],{}," for checks",[20,145647,347],{},[43,145649,145651],{"className":45,"code":145650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145652,145653,145665,145669,145684,145700,145704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145654,145655,145657,145659,145661,145663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145656,34795],{"class":58},[52,145658,63],{"class":62},[52,145660,200],{"class":188},[52,145662,143387],{"class":192},[52,145664,3479],{"class":188},[52,145666,145667],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145668,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,145670,145671,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145672,145673],{"class":58},"cleaned ",[52,145675,63],{"class":62},[52,145677,42950],{"class":58},[52,145679,89],{"class":66},[52,145681,8755],{"class":92},[52,145683,8764],{"class":66},[52,145685,145686,145689,145691,145694,145696,145698],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,145687,145688],{"class":58},"loud ",[52,145690,63],{"class":62},[52,145692,145693],{"class":58}," cleaned",[52,145695,89],{"class":66},[52,145697,34585],{"class":92},[52,145699,8764],{"class":66},[52,145701,145702],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,145703,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,145705,145706,145708,145710,145713],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,145707,119],{"class":118},[52,145709,122],{"class":66},[52,145711,145712],{"class":92},"loud",[52,145714,127],{"class":66},[20,145716,2193],{},[43,145718,145719],{"className":45,"code":145584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145720,145721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145722,145723,145725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145724,136313],{"class":34560},[52,145726,145593],{"class":34560},[38,145728,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,145730,1937,145732,124616],{"id":145731},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145733,128167],{},[20,145735,145736],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1324,145738,1937,145740,137593],{"id":145739},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145741,128167],{},[20,145743,145744,145745,89],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145746,145338],{},[1324,145748,145750],{"id":145749},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145752,145753,145754,145756],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145755,128167],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1324,145758,1949,145760,145762],{"id":145759},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145761,128167],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145764,145765],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145767,347],{},[43,145769,145771],{"className":45,"code":145770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145772,145773,145785,145798,145802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145774,145775,145777,145779,145781,145783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145776,1347],{"class":58},[52,145778,63],{"class":62},[52,145780,200],{"class":188},[52,145782,47],{"class":192},[52,145784,3479],{"class":188},[52,145786,145787,145789,145791,145793,145796],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145788,1364],{"class":58},[52,145790,63],{"class":62},[52,145792,200],{"class":188},[52,145794,145795],{"class":192},"PYTHON",[52,145797,3479],{"class":188},[52,145799,145800],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145801,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,145803,145804,145806,145808,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818,145820,145822,145824],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,145805,119],{"class":118},[52,145807,122],{"class":66},[52,145809,30],{"class":92},[52,145811,89],{"class":66},[52,145813,34585],{"class":92},[52,145815,7483],{"class":66},[52,145817,6529],{"class":62},[52,145819,337],{"class":92},[52,145821,89],{"class":66},[52,145823,34585],{"class":92},[52,145825,7312],{"class":66},[20,145827,2193],{},[43,145829,145830],{"className":45,"code":4100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145831,145832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145833,145834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145835,4100],{"class":3971},[38,145837,1996],{"id":1995},[154,145839,145840,145844,145850,145856,145862,145866,145870],{},[157,145841,145842],{},[30,145843,125044],{"href":51084},[157,145845,145846],{},[30,145847,126289,145848,10859],{"href":124016},[15,145849,124019],{},[157,145851,145852],{},[30,145853,126289,145854,10859],{"href":136859},[15,145855,41761],{},[157,145857,145858],{},[30,145859,126289,145860,10859],{"href":129870},[15,145861,124460],{},[157,145863,145864],{},[30,145865,90783],{"href":89792},[157,145867,145868],{},[30,145869,124688],{"href":123544},[157,145871,145872],{},[30,145873,137679],{"href":136260},[2044,145875,145876],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":145878},[145879,145880,145882,145883,145884,145886,145887,145889,145896,145897,145906],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":144802,"depth":83,"text":145881},"What upper() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":145012,"depth":83,"text":145885},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145148,"depth":83,"text":145149},{"id":145230,"depth":83,"text":145888},"When to use upper()",{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":145890},[145891,145892,145894],{"id":95988,"depth":115,"text":95989},{"id":145445,"depth":115,"text":145893},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145536,"depth":115,"text":145895},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145609,"depth":83,"text":145610},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":145898},[145899,145901,145903,145904],{"id":145731,"depth":115,"text":145900},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145739,"depth":115,"text":145902},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145749,"depth":115,"text":145750},{"id":145759,"depth":115,"text":145905},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144726,"description":145907},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145914,"title":145915,"body":145916,"description":147793,"extension":2083,"meta":147794,"navigation":240,"path":147795,"seo":147796,"stem":147797,"__hash__":147798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145917,"toc":147743},[145918,145924,145931,145937,145939,145995,146000,146005,146010,146013,146032,146035,146037,146061,146079,146090,146092,146095,146148,146150,146158,146160,146178,146183,146186,146243,146245,146254,146257,146277,146280,146286,146291,146293,146336,146338,146346,146349,146390,146392,146401,146407,146413,146440,146442,146450,146455,146459,146471,146514,146516,146524,146529,146535,146540,146544,146546,146589,146592,146639,146641,146650,146657,146661,146664,146710,146715,146719,146721,146764,146767,146775,146777,146782,146784,146786,146805,146808,146820,146822,146841,146843,146851,146855,146857,146908,146911,146986,146988,146996,146999,147003,147005,147052,147055,147126,147128,147136,147142,147144,147219,147223,147302,147304,147312,147318,147324,147329,147334,147383,147387,147458,147461,147466,147477,147480,147491,147501,147503,147508,147533,147538,147619,147621,147646,147648,147653,147656,147662,147671,147677,147680,147686,147692,147699,147702,147704,147740],[10,145919,3697,145921,3701],{"id":145920},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145922,145923],{},"sum()",[20,145925,9245,145926,145928,145929,24874],{},[15,145927,145923],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145930,60107],{},[20,145932,145933,145934,145936],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145935,36182],{}," value and a few important limits.",[38,145938,2125],{"id":2124},[43,145940,145942],{"className":45,"code":145941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145943,145944,145968,145983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145945,145946,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145947,59],{"class":58},[52,145949,63],{"class":62},[52,145951,3743],{"class":66},[52,145953,71],{"class":70},[52,145955,74],{"class":66},[52,145957,77],{"class":70},[52,145959,74],{"class":66},[52,145961,104],{"class":70},[52,145963,74],{"class":66},[52,145965,109],{"class":70},[52,145967,3756],{"class":66},[52,145969,145970,145972,145974,145977,145979,145981],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,145971,41290],{"class":58},[52,145973,63],{"class":62},[52,145975,145976],{"class":118}," sum",[52,145978,122],{"class":66},[52,145980,86],{"class":92},[52,145982,127],{"class":66},[52,145984,145985,145987,145989,145991,145993],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145986,119],{"class":118},[52,145988,122],{"class":66},[52,145990,41319],{"class":92},[52,145992,3782],{"class":66},[52,145994,26905],{"class":133},[20,145996,137,145997,145999],{},[15,145998,145923],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[38,146001,144,146003,147],{"id":146002},"what-sum-does",[15,146004,145923],{},[20,146006,146007,146009],{},[15,146008,145923],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146011,146012],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[154,146014,146015,146018,146021,146026],{},[157,146016,146017],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[157,146019,146020],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[157,146022,146023,146024],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146025,36306],{},[157,146027,146028,146029,146031],{},"Counting ",[15,146030,3726],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146033,146034],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[38,146036,268],{"id":267},[43,146038,146040],{"className":45,"code":146039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146041,146042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146043,146044,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146045,146046],{"class":118},"sum",[52,146048,122],{"class":66},[52,146050,290],{"class":92},[52,146052,74],{"class":66},[52,146054,36161],{"class":9298},[52,146056,63],{"class":62},[52,146058,2243],{"class":70},[52,146060,127],{"class":66},[154,146062,146063,146068,146073],{},[157,146064,146065,146067],{},[15,146066,290],{}," is the group of values to add",[157,146069,146070,146072],{},[15,146071,36182],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[157,146074,146075,146076],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146077,146078],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146080,146081,146082,146085,146086,89],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146083,146084,290],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[30,146087,146088,24727],{"href":36303},[15,146089,36306],{},[38,146091,11592],{"id":11591},[20,146093,146094],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[43,146096,146098],{"className":45,"code":146097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146099,146100,146120,146134,146138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146101,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112,146114,146116,146118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146103,59],{"class":58},[52,146105,63],{"class":62},[52,146107,3743],{"class":66},[52,146109,1705],{"class":70},[52,146111,74],{"class":66},[52,146113,6124],{"class":70},[52,146115,74],{"class":66},[52,146117,38043],{"class":70},[52,146119,3756],{"class":66},[52,146121,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146123,41290],{"class":58},[52,146125,63],{"class":62},[52,146127,145976],{"class":118},[52,146129,122],{"class":66},[52,146131,86],{"class":92},[52,146133,127],{"class":66},[52,146135,146136],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,146137,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,146139,146140,146142,146144,146146],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,146141,119],{"class":118},[52,146143,122],{"class":66},[52,146145,41319],{"class":92},[52,146147,127],{"class":66},[20,146149,2193],{},[43,146151,146152],{"className":45,"code":69944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146153,146154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146155,146156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146157,69944],{"class":70},[20,146159,656],{},[154,146161,146162,146167,146173],{},[157,146163,146164,146166],{},[15,146165,86],{}," contains three integers",[157,146168,146169,146172],{},[15,146170,146171],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[157,146174,146175,146176],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146177,41319],{},[38,146179,36719,146181,8554],{"id":146180},"using-the-start-value",[15,146182,36182],{},[20,146184,146185],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[43,146187,146189],{"className":45,"code":146188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146190,146191,146211,146229,146233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146192,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146194,59],{"class":58},[52,146196,63],{"class":62},[52,146198,3743],{"class":66},[52,146200,71],{"class":70},[52,146202,74],{"class":66},[52,146204,77],{"class":70},[52,146206,74],{"class":66},[52,146208,104],{"class":70},[52,146210,3756],{"class":66},[52,146212,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146214,41290],{"class":58},[52,146216,63],{"class":62},[52,146218,145976],{"class":118},[52,146220,122],{"class":66},[52,146222,86],{"class":92},[52,146224,74],{"class":66},[52,146226,6124],{"class":70},[52,146228,127],{"class":66},[52,146230,146231],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,146232,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,146234,146235,146237,146239,146241],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,146236,119],{"class":118},[52,146238,122],{"class":66},[52,146240,41319],{"class":92},[52,146242,127],{"class":66},[20,146244,2193],{},[43,146246,146248],{"className":45,"code":146247,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"16\n",[15,146249,146250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146251,146252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146253,146247],{"class":70},[20,146255,146256],{},"This works like:",[154,146258,146259,146264,146269,146273],{},[157,146260,146261,146262],{},"Start at ",[15,146263,2452],{},[157,146265,146266,146267],{},"Add ",[15,146268,71],{},[157,146270,146266,146271],{},[15,146272,99],{},[157,146274,146266,146275],{},[15,146276,488],{},[20,146278,146279],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[38,146281,144,146283,146285],{"id":146282},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146284,145923],{}," can work with",[20,146287,146288,146290],{},[15,146289,145923],{}," works with numeric values.",[1324,146292,40532],{"id":40531},[43,146294,146296],{"className":45,"code":146295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146297,146298,146322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146299,146300,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146301,357],{"class":58},[52,146303,63],{"class":62},[52,146305,3743],{"class":66},[52,146307,71],{"class":70},[52,146309,74],{"class":66},[52,146311,77],{"class":70},[52,146313,74],{"class":66},[52,146315,104],{"class":70},[52,146317,74],{"class":66},[52,146319,109],{"class":70},[52,146321,3756],{"class":66},[52,146323,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146325,119],{"class":118},[52,146327,122],{"class":66},[52,146329,146046],{"class":118},[52,146331,122],{"class":66},[52,146333,370],{"class":92},[52,146335,2150],{"class":66},[20,146337,2193],{},[43,146339,146340],{"className":45,"code":2498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146341,146342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146343,146344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146345,2498],{"class":70},[1324,146347,146348],{"id":52155},"Floats",[43,146350,146352],{"className":45,"code":146351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146353,146354,146376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146355,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146369,146371,146374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146357,83149],{"class":58},[52,146359,63],{"class":62},[52,146361,3743],{"class":66},[52,146363,41266],{"class":70},[52,146365,74],{"class":66},[52,146367,146368],{"class":70}," 3.75",[52,146370,74],{"class":66},[52,146372,146373],{"class":70}," 1.25",[52,146375,3756],{"class":66},[52,146377,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146379,119],{"class":118},[52,146381,122],{"class":66},[52,146383,146046],{"class":118},[52,146385,122],{"class":66},[52,146387,83185],{"class":92},[52,146389,2150],{"class":66},[20,146391,2193],{},[43,146393,146395],{"className":45,"code":146394,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.5\n",[15,146396,146397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146398,146399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146400,146394],{"class":70},[20,146402,146403,146404,89],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[30,146405,146406],{"href":2540},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1324,146408,146410,146411],{"id":146409},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146412,36306],{},[43,146414,146416],{"className":45,"code":146415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146417,146418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146419,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436,146438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146421,119],{"class":118},[52,146423,122],{"class":66},[52,146425,146046],{"class":118},[52,146427,122],{"class":66},[52,146429,60107],{"class":118},[52,146431,122],{"class":66},[52,146433,71],{"class":70},[52,146435,74],{"class":66},[52,146437,37750],{"class":70},[52,146439,3031],{"class":66},[20,146441,2193],{},[43,146443,146444],{"className":45,"code":47148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146445,146446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146447,146448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146449,47148],{"class":70},[20,146451,113629,146452,89],{},[15,146453,146454],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1324,146456,146458],{"id":146457},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146460,146461,146462,146464,146465,668,146467,146464,146469,89],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146463,3726],{}," acts like ",[15,146466,71],{},[15,146468,3795],{},[15,146470,2243],{},[43,146472,146474],{"className":45,"code":146473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146475,146476,146500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146477,146478,146480,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146479,52075],{"class":58},[52,146481,63],{"class":62},[52,146483,3743],{"class":66},[52,146485,3726],{"class":3971},[52,146487,74],{"class":66},[52,146489,4027],{"class":3971},[52,146491,74],{"class":66},[52,146493,4036],{"class":3971},[52,146495,74],{"class":66},[52,146497,4036],{"class":3971},[52,146499,3756],{"class":66},[52,146501,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146503,119],{"class":118},[52,146505,122],{"class":66},[52,146507,146046],{"class":118},[52,146509,122],{"class":66},[52,146511,52128],{"class":92},[52,146513,2150],{"class":66},[20,146515,2193],{},[43,146517,146518],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146519,146520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146521,146522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146523,46724],{"class":70},[20,146525,146526,146527,89],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146528,3726],{},[38,146530,144,146532,146534],{"id":146531},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146533,145923],{}," does not work with",[20,146536,146537,146539],{},[15,146538,145923],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1324,146541,146543],{"id":146542},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146545,1671],{},[43,146547,146549],{"className":45,"code":146548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146550,146551,146575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146552,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146554,1025],{"class":58},[52,146556,63],{"class":62},[52,146558,3743],{"class":66},[52,146560,189],{"class":188},[52,146562,3964],{"class":192},[52,146564,189],{"class":188},[52,146566,74],{"class":66},[52,146568,200],{"class":188},[52,146570,60700],{"class":192},[52,146572,189],{"class":188},[52,146574,3756],{"class":66},[52,146576,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146578,119],{"class":118},[52,146580,122],{"class":66},[52,146582,146046],{"class":118},[52,146584,122],{"class":66},[52,146586,1043],{"class":92},[52,146588,2150],{"class":66},[20,146590,146591],{},"Use string joining instead:",[43,146593,146595],{"className":45,"code":146594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146596,146597,146621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146598,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146600,1025],{"class":58},[52,146602,63],{"class":62},[52,146604,3743],{"class":66},[52,146606,189],{"class":188},[52,146608,3964],{"class":192},[52,146610,189],{"class":188},[52,146612,74],{"class":66},[52,146614,200],{"class":188},[52,146616,60700],{"class":192},[52,146618,189],{"class":188},[52,146620,3756],{"class":66},[52,146622,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146624,119],{"class":118},[52,146626,122],{"class":66},[52,146628,6392],{"class":188},[52,146630,89],{"class":66},[52,146632,133448],{"class":92},[52,146634,122],{"class":66},[52,146636,1043],{"class":92},[52,146638,2150],{"class":66},[20,146640,2193],{},[43,146642,146644],{"className":45,"code":146643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"helloworld\n",[15,146645,146646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146647,146648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146649,146643],{"class":58},[20,146651,146652,146653,89],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[30,146654,146655,5902],{"href":42283},[15,146656,47791],{},[1324,146658,146660],{"id":146659},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146662,146663],{},"This also causes an error:",[43,146665,146667],{"className":45,"code":146666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146668,146669,146696],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146670,146671,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146672,146673],{"class":58},"lists ",[52,146675,63],{"class":62},[52,146677,56403],{"class":66},[52,146679,71],{"class":70},[52,146681,74],{"class":66},[52,146683,77],{"class":70},[52,146685,385],{"class":66},[52,146687,3743],{"class":66},[52,146689,488],{"class":70},[52,146691,74],{"class":66},[52,146693,109],{"class":70},[52,146695,53351],{"class":66},[52,146697,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146699,119],{"class":118},[52,146701,122],{"class":66},[52,146703,146046],{"class":118},[52,146705,122],{"class":66},[52,146707,5418],{"class":92},[52,146709,2150],{"class":66},[20,146711,146712,146714],{},[15,146713,145923],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1324,146716,146718],{"id":146717},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146720,5590],{},[43,146722,146724],{"className":45,"code":146723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146725,146726,146750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146727,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146729,357],{"class":58},[52,146731,63],{"class":62},[52,146733,3743],{"class":66},[52,146735,71],{"class":70},[52,146737,74],{"class":66},[52,146739,77],{"class":70},[52,146741,74],{"class":66},[52,146743,200],{"class":188},[52,146745,488],{"class":192},[52,146747,189],{"class":188},[52,146749,3756],{"class":66},[52,146751,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146753,119],{"class":118},[52,146755,122],{"class":66},[52,146757,146046],{"class":118},[52,146759,122],{"class":66},[52,146761,370],{"class":92},[52,146763,2150],{"class":66},[20,146765,146766],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146768,146769,146770,146772,146773,89],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146771,66050],{},", convert them first. See ",[30,146774,3082],{"href":3081},[38,146776,41612],{"id":41611},[20,146778,146779,146780,89],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146781,145923],{},[1324,146783,6643],{"id":6642},[20,146785,4643],{},[43,146787,146789],{"className":45,"code":146788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146790,146791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146792,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146794,119],{"class":118},[52,146796,122],{"class":66},[52,146798,146046],{"class":118},[52,146800,122],{"class":66},[52,146802,1705],{"class":70},[52,146804,2150],{"class":66},[20,146806,146807],{},"Why it fails:",[154,146809,146810,146815],{},[157,146811,146812,146814],{},[15,146813,1705],{}," is a single integer",[157,146816,146817,146819],{},[15,146818,145923],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146821,1720],{},[43,146823,146825],{"className":45,"code":146824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146826,146827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146828,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146830,119],{"class":118},[52,146832,122],{"class":66},[52,146834,146046],{"class":118},[52,146836,96],{"class":66},[52,146838,1705],{"class":70},[52,146840,3117],{"class":66},[20,146842,2193],{},[43,146844,146845],{"className":45,"code":3066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146846,146847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146848,146849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146850,3066],{"class":70},[1324,146852,146854],{"id":146853},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146856,4643],{},[43,146858,146860],{"className":45,"code":146859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146861,146862,146894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146863,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146865,357],{"class":58},[52,146867,63],{"class":62},[52,146869,3743],{"class":66},[52,146871,189],{"class":188},[52,146873,71],{"class":192},[52,146875,189],{"class":188},[52,146877,74],{"class":66},[52,146879,200],{"class":188},[52,146881,99],{"class":192},[52,146883,189],{"class":188},[52,146885,74],{"class":66},[52,146887,200],{"class":188},[52,146889,488],{"class":192},[52,146891,189],{"class":188},[52,146893,3756],{"class":66},[52,146895,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146897,119],{"class":118},[52,146899,122],{"class":66},[52,146901,146046],{"class":118},[52,146903,122],{"class":66},[52,146905,370],{"class":92},[52,146907,2150],{"class":66},[20,146909,146910],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[43,146912,146914],{"className":45,"code":146913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146915,146916,146948,146976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146917,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146919,357],{"class":58},[52,146921,63],{"class":62},[52,146923,3743],{"class":66},[52,146925,189],{"class":188},[52,146927,71],{"class":192},[52,146929,189],{"class":188},[52,146931,74],{"class":66},[52,146933,200],{"class":188},[52,146935,99],{"class":192},[52,146937,189],{"class":188},[52,146939,74],{"class":66},[52,146941,200],{"class":188},[52,146943,488],{"class":192},[52,146945,189],{"class":188},[52,146947,3756],{"class":66},[52,146949,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,146951,41290],{"class":58},[52,146953,63],{"class":62},[52,146955,145976],{"class":118},[52,146957,122],{"class":66},[52,146959,2310],{"class":3020},[52,146961,122],{"class":66},[52,146963,930],{"class":92},[52,146965,3782],{"class":66},[52,146967,3997],{"class":3996},[52,146969,4000],{"class":92},[52,146971,4003],{"class":3996},[52,146973,4006],{"class":92},[52,146975,127],{"class":66},[52,146977,146978,146980,146982,146984],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,146979,119],{"class":118},[52,146981,122],{"class":66},[52,146983,41319],{"class":92},[52,146985,127],{"class":66},[20,146987,2193],{},[43,146989,146990],{"className":45,"code":2772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146991,146992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146993,146994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146995,2772],{"class":70},[20,146997,146998],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1324,147000,147002],{"id":147001},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147004,4643],{},[43,147006,147008],{"className":45,"code":147007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147009,147010,147038],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147011,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147013,357],{"class":58},[52,147015,63],{"class":62},[52,147017,3743],{"class":66},[52,147019,71],{"class":70},[52,147021,74],{"class":66},[52,147023,77],{"class":70},[52,147025,74],{"class":66},[52,147027,200],{"class":188},[52,147029,488],{"class":192},[52,147031,189],{"class":188},[52,147033,74],{"class":66},[52,147035,109],{"class":70},[52,147037,3756],{"class":66},[52,147039,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147041,119],{"class":118},[52,147043,122],{"class":66},[52,147045,146046],{"class":118},[52,147047,122],{"class":66},[52,147049,370],{"class":92},[52,147051,2150],{"class":66},[20,147053,147054],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[43,147056,147058],{"className":45,"code":147057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147059,147060,147088,147116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147061,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147063,357],{"class":58},[52,147065,63],{"class":62},[52,147067,3743],{"class":66},[52,147069,71],{"class":70},[52,147071,74],{"class":66},[52,147073,77],{"class":70},[52,147075,74],{"class":66},[52,147077,200],{"class":188},[52,147079,488],{"class":192},[52,147081,189],{"class":188},[52,147083,74],{"class":66},[52,147085,109],{"class":70},[52,147087,3756],{"class":66},[52,147089,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147091,41290],{"class":58},[52,147093,63],{"class":62},[52,147095,145976],{"class":118},[52,147097,122],{"class":66},[52,147099,2310],{"class":3020},[52,147101,122],{"class":66},[52,147103,930],{"class":92},[52,147105,3782],{"class":66},[52,147107,3997],{"class":3996},[52,147109,4000],{"class":92},[52,147111,4003],{"class":3996},[52,147113,4006],{"class":92},[52,147115,127],{"class":66},[52,147117,147118,147120,147122,147124],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,147119,119],{"class":118},[52,147121,122],{"class":66},[52,147123,41319],{"class":92},[52,147125,127],{"class":66},[20,147127,2193],{},[43,147129,147130],{"className":45,"code":2498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147131,147132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147133,147134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147135,2498],{"class":70},[1324,147137,8538,147139,147141],{"id":147138},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147140,145923],{}," to join text",[20,147143,4643],{},[43,147145,147147],{"className":45,"code":147146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147148,147149,147205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147150,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147152,921],{"class":58},[52,147154,63],{"class":62},[52,147156,3743],{"class":66},[52,147158,189],{"class":188},[52,147160,134047],{"class":192},[52,147162,189],{"class":188},[52,147164,74],{"class":66},[52,147166,200],{"class":188},[52,147168,11861],{"class":192},[52,147170,189],{"class":188},[52,147172,74],{"class":66},[52,147174,200],{"class":188},[52,147176,63392],{"class":192},[52,147178,189],{"class":188},[52,147180,74],{"class":66},[52,147182,200],{"class":188},[52,147184,60547],{"class":192},[52,147186,189],{"class":188},[52,147188,74],{"class":66},[52,147190,200],{"class":188},[52,147192,60582],{"class":192},[52,147194,189],{"class":188},[52,147196,74],{"class":66},[52,147198,200],{"class":188},[52,147200,76134],{"class":192},[52,147202,189],{"class":188},[52,147204,3756],{"class":66},[52,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147208,119],{"class":118},[52,147210,122],{"class":66},[52,147212,146046],{"class":118},[52,147214,122],{"class":66},[52,147216,939],{"class":92},[52,147218,2150],{"class":66},[20,147220,137,147221,60641],{},[15,147222,133371],{},[43,147224,147226],{"className":45,"code":147225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147227,147228,147284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147229,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147231,921],{"class":58},[52,147233,63],{"class":62},[52,147235,3743],{"class":66},[52,147237,189],{"class":188},[52,147239,134047],{"class":192},[52,147241,189],{"class":188},[52,147243,74],{"class":66},[52,147245,200],{"class":188},[52,147247,11861],{"class":192},[52,147249,189],{"class":188},[52,147251,74],{"class":66},[52,147253,200],{"class":188},[52,147255,63392],{"class":192},[52,147257,189],{"class":188},[52,147259,74],{"class":66},[52,147261,200],{"class":188},[52,147263,60547],{"class":192},[52,147265,189],{"class":188},[52,147267,74],{"class":66},[52,147269,200],{"class":188},[52,147271,60582],{"class":192},[52,147273,189],{"class":188},[52,147275,74],{"class":66},[52,147277,200],{"class":188},[52,147279,76134],{"class":192},[52,147281,189],{"class":188},[52,147283,3756],{"class":66},[52,147285,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147287,119],{"class":118},[52,147289,122],{"class":66},[52,147291,6392],{"class":188},[52,147293,89],{"class":66},[52,147295,133448],{"class":92},[52,147297,122],{"class":66},[52,147299,939],{"class":92},[52,147301,2150],{"class":66},[20,147303,2193],{},[43,147305,147306],{"className":45,"code":134128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147307,147308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147309,147310],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147311,134128],{"class":58},[20,147313,147314,147315,89],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[30,147316,147317],{"href":135209},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[38,147319,147321,147323],{"id":147320},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147322,145923],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147325,147326,147328],{},[15,147327,145923],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1324,147330,8538,147332],{"id":147331},"using-sum",[15,147333,145923],{},[43,147335,147337],{"className":45,"code":147336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147338,147339,147359,147373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147340,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147342,59],{"class":58},[52,147344,63],{"class":62},[52,147346,3743],{"class":66},[52,147348,391],{"class":70},[52,147350,74],{"class":66},[52,147352,6113],{"class":70},[52,147354,74],{"class":66},[52,147356,54245],{"class":70},[52,147358,3756],{"class":66},[52,147360,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147362,41290],{"class":58},[52,147364,63],{"class":62},[52,147366,145976],{"class":118},[52,147368,122],{"class":66},[52,147370,86],{"class":92},[52,147372,127],{"class":66},[52,147374,147375,147377,147379,147381],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,147376,119],{"class":118},[52,147378,122],{"class":66},[52,147380,41319],{"class":92},[52,147382,127],{"class":66},[1324,147384,147386],{"id":147385},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[43,147388,147390],{"className":45,"code":147389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147391,147392,147412,147420,147424,147436,147444,147448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147393,147394,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147395,59],{"class":58},[52,147397,63],{"class":62},[52,147399,3743],{"class":66},[52,147401,391],{"class":70},[52,147403,74],{"class":66},[52,147405,6113],{"class":70},[52,147407,74],{"class":66},[52,147409,54245],{"class":70},[52,147411,3756],{"class":66},[52,147413,147414,147416,147418],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147415,41290],{"class":58},[52,147417,63],{"class":62},[52,147419,38619],{"class":70},[52,147421,147422],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,147423,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,147425,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,147427,6077],{"class":3996},[52,147429,6507],{"class":58},[52,147431,4003],{"class":3996},[52,147433,479],{"class":58},[52,147435,6514],{"class":66},[52,147437,147438,147440,147442],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,147439,90207],{"class":58},[52,147441,90210],{"class":62},[52,147443,90213],{"class":58},[52,147445,147446],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,147447,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,147449,147450,147452,147454,147456],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,147451,119],{"class":118},[52,147453,122],{"class":66},[52,147455,41319],{"class":92},[52,147457,127],{"class":66},[20,147459,147460],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147462,2609,147463,147465],{},[15,147464,145923],{}," is often better:",[154,147467,147468,147471,147474],{},[157,147469,147470],{},"Shorter code",[157,147472,147473],{},"Easier to read",[157,147475,147476],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147478,147479],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[154,147481,147482,147485,147488],{},[157,147483,147484],{},"You need to skip some values",[157,147486,147487],{},"You need extra checks",[157,147489,147490],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147492,147493,147494,147497,147498,147500],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[30,147495,147496],{"href":40115},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147499,145923],{}," on the filtered result.",[38,147502,2948],{"id":2947},[20,147504,147505,147506,152],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147507,145923],{},[154,147509,147510,147516,147523,147530],{},[157,147511,147512,147513],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147514,147515],{},"sum(5)",[157,147517,147518,147519,147522],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147520,147521],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[157,147524,8538,147525,147527,147528],{},[15,147526,145923],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147529,133371],{},[157,147531,147532],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147534,8997,147535,147537],{},[15,147536,145923],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[43,147539,147541],{"className":45,"code":147540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147542,147543,147553,147567,147591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147544,147545,147547,147549,147551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147546,119],{"class":118},[52,147548,122],{"class":66},[52,147550,370],{"class":92},[52,147552,127],{"class":66},[52,147554,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147556,119],{"class":118},[52,147558,122],{"class":66},[52,147560,3340],{"class":3020},[52,147562,122],{"class":66},[52,147564,370],{"class":92},[52,147566,2150],{"class":66},[52,147568,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,147570,119],{"class":118},[52,147572,96],{"class":66},[52,147574,3340],{"class":3020},[52,147576,122],{"class":66},[52,147578,930],{"class":92},[52,147580,3782],{"class":66},[52,147582,3997],{"class":3996},[52,147584,4000],{"class":92},[52,147586,4003],{"class":3996},[52,147588,4006],{"class":92},[52,147590,112],{"class":66},[52,147592,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,147594,119],{"class":118},[52,147596,122],{"class":66},[52,147598,146046],{"class":118},[52,147600,96],{"class":66},[52,147602,2310],{"class":3020},[52,147604,122],{"class":66},[52,147606,930],{"class":92},[52,147608,3782],{"class":66},[52,147610,3997],{"class":3996},[52,147612,4000],{"class":92},[52,147614,4003],{"class":3996},[52,147616,4006],{"class":92},[52,147618,3117],{"class":66},[20,147620,135942],{},[154,147622,147623,147629,147635,147640],{},[157,147624,147625,147628],{},[15,147626,147627],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[157,147630,147631,147634],{},[15,147632,147633],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[157,147636,147637,135964],{},[15,147638,147639],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[157,147641,147642,147645],{},[15,147643,147644],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[38,147647,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,147649,5260,147651,5263],{"id":147650},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147652,145923],{},[20,147654,147655],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1324,147657,5288,147659,147661],{"id":147658},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147660,145923],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147663,30381,147664,2996,147667,147670],{},[15,147665,147666],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147668,147669],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1324,147672,5288,147674,147676],{"id":147673},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147675,145923],{}," work with floats?",[20,147678,147679],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1324,147681,147683,147684,1964],{"id":147682},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147685,145923],{},[20,147687,147688,147689,147691],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147690,36182],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1324,147693,5276,147695,119327,147697,1964],{"id":147694},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147696,145923],{},[15,147698,1713],{},[20,147700,147701],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[38,147703,1996],{"id":1995},[154,147705,147706,147710,147716,147722,147728,147732,147736],{},[157,147707,147708],{},[30,147709,146406],{"href":2540},[157,147711,147712],{},[30,147713,3697,147714,3630],{"href":36303},[15,147715,36306],{},[157,147717,147718],{},[30,147719,3697,147720,3630],{"href":42466},[15,147721,42469],{},[157,147723,147724],{},[30,147725,3697,147726,3630],{"href":42283},[15,147727,47791],{},[157,147729,147730],{},[30,147731,5339],{"href":40115},[157,147733,147734],{},[30,147735,3647],{"href":3081},[157,147737,147738],{},[30,147739,147317],{"href":135209},[2044,147741,147742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":147744},[147745,147746,147748,147749,147750,147752,147760,147766,147773,147779,147780,147792],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":146002,"depth":83,"text":147747},"What sum() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":146180,"depth":83,"text":147751},"Using the start value",{"id":146282,"depth":83,"text":147753,"children":147754},"What sum() can work with",[147755,147756,147757,147759],{"id":40531,"depth":115,"text":40532},{"id":52155,"depth":115,"text":146348},{"id":146409,"depth":115,"text":147758},"Values from range()",{"id":146457,"depth":115,"text":146458},{"id":146531,"depth":83,"text":147761,"children":147762},"What sum() does not work with",[147763,147764,147765],{"id":146542,"depth":115,"text":146543},{"id":146659,"depth":115,"text":146660},{"id":146717,"depth":115,"text":146718},{"id":41611,"depth":83,"text":41612,"children":147767},[147768,147769,147770,147771],{"id":6642,"depth":115,"text":6643},{"id":146853,"depth":115,"text":146854},{"id":147001,"depth":115,"text":147002},{"id":147138,"depth":115,"text":147772},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147320,"depth":83,"text":147774,"children":147775},"sum() vs manual loop",[147776,147778],{"id":147331,"depth":115,"text":147777},"Using sum()",{"id":147385,"depth":115,"text":147386},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":147781},[147782,147784,147786,147788,147790],{"id":147650,"depth":115,"text":147783},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147658,"depth":115,"text":147785},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147673,"depth":115,"text":147787},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147682,"depth":115,"text":147789},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147694,"depth":115,"text":147791},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145915,"description":147793},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147800,"title":147801,"body":147802,"description":149204,"extension":2083,"meta":149205,"navigation":240,"path":149206,"seo":149207,"stem":149208,"__hash__":149209},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147803,"toc":149172},[147804,147810,147816,147819,147882,147888,147893,147897,147914,147928,147932,147952,147966,147968,148061,148063,148077,148079,148082,148171,148173,148181,148190,148192,148196,148217,148219,148311,148313,148334,148336,148340,148354,148356,148430,148432,148451,148455,148458,148481,148483,148594,148601,148609,148611,148617,148620,148663,148666,148689,148697,148701,148776,148782,148807,148814,148817,148820,148824,148829,148917,148925,148929,148932,148957,148961,149022,149026,149075,149085,149087,149092,149095,149101,149104,149108,149112,149118,149121,149129,149137,149139,149169],[10,147805,147807,147808,18],{"id":147806},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147809,57399],{},[20,147811,147812,147815],{},[15,147813,147814],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147817,147818],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[43,147820,147822],{"className":45,"code":147821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147823,147824,147852,147870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147825,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147827,59],{"class":58},[52,147829,63],{"class":62},[52,147831,388],{"class":66},[52,147833,71],{"class":70},[52,147835,74],{"class":66},[52,147837,77],{"class":70},[52,147839,74],{"class":66},[52,147841,77],{"class":70},[52,147843,74],{"class":66},[52,147845,104],{"class":70},[52,147847,74],{"class":66},[52,147849,77],{"class":70},[52,147851,127],{"class":66},[52,147853,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,147855,474],{"class":58},[52,147857,63],{"class":62},[52,147859,479],{"class":58},[52,147861,89],{"class":66},[52,147863,41367],{"class":92},[52,147865,122],{"class":66},[52,147867,99],{"class":70},[52,147869,127],{"class":66},[52,147871,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,147873,119],{"class":118},[52,147875,122],{"class":66},[52,147877,507],{"class":92},[52,147879,3782],{"class":66},[52,147881,50879],{"class":133},[20,147883,137,147884,147887],{},[15,147885,147886],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[38,147889,144,147891,147],{"id":147890},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147892,147814],{},[20,147894,147895,152],{},[15,147896,147886],{},[154,147898,147899,147905,147908,147911],{},[157,147900,147901,147902,147904],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147903,2593],{}," appears in the tuple",[157,147906,147907],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[157,147909,147910],{},"Returns an integer",[157,147912,147913],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147915,147916,147917,147919,147920,2996,147924,89],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147918,57399],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[30,147921,147923],{"href":147922},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[30,147925,147927],{"href":147926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[38,147929,147931],{"id":147930},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[43,147933,147935],{"className":45,"code":147934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147936,147937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147938,147939,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147940,147941],{"class":58},"my_tuple",[52,147943,89],{"class":66},[52,147945,41367],{"class":92},[52,147947,122],{"class":66},[52,147949,2593],{"class":92},[52,147951,127],{"class":66},[154,147953,147954,147958,147961],{},[157,147955,147956,57564],{},[15,147957,2593],{},[157,147959,147960],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[157,147962,147963,147964],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147965,2243],{},[1324,147967,103185],{"id":103184},[43,147969,147971],{"className":45,"code":147970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147972,147973,148013,148037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147974,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147976,181],{"class":58},[52,147978,63],{"class":62},[52,147980,388],{"class":66},[52,147982,189],{"class":188},[52,147984,193],{"class":192},[52,147986,189],{"class":188},[52,147988,74],{"class":66},[52,147990,200],{"class":188},[52,147992,203],{"class":192},[52,147994,189],{"class":188},[52,147996,74],{"class":66},[52,147998,200],{"class":188},[52,148000,193],{"class":192},[52,148002,189],{"class":188},[52,148004,74],{"class":66},[52,148006,200],{"class":188},[52,148008,231],{"class":192},[52,148010,189],{"class":188},[52,148012,127],{"class":66},[52,148014,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148016,119],{"class":118},[52,148018,122],{"class":66},[52,148020,212],{"class":92},[52,148022,89],{"class":66},[52,148024,41367],{"class":92},[52,148026,122],{"class":66},[52,148028,189],{"class":188},[52,148030,193],{"class":192},[52,148032,189],{"class":188},[52,148034,5479],{"class":66},[52,148036,57754],{"class":133},[52,148038,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148040,119],{"class":118},[52,148042,122],{"class":66},[52,148044,212],{"class":92},[52,148046,89],{"class":66},[52,148048,41367],{"class":92},[52,148050,122],{"class":66},[52,148052,189],{"class":188},[52,148054,22633],{"class":192},[52,148056,189],{"class":188},[52,148058,5479],{"class":66},[52,148060,51356],{"class":133},[20,148062,20068],{},[154,148064,148065,148070],{},[157,148066,148067,148069],{},[15,148068,65497],{}," appears 2 times",[157,148071,148072,148074,148075],{},[15,148073,109879],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148076,2243],{},[38,148078,11592],{"id":11591},[20,148080,148081],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[43,148083,148085],{"className":45,"code":148084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148086,148087,148135,148139,148161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148088,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148090,1116],{"class":58},[52,148092,63],{"class":62},[52,148094,388],{"class":66},[52,148096,189],{"class":188},[52,148098,1125],{"class":192},[52,148100,189],{"class":188},[52,148102,74],{"class":66},[52,148104,200],{"class":188},[52,148106,1145],{"class":192},[52,148108,189],{"class":188},[52,148110,74],{"class":66},[52,148112,200],{"class":188},[52,148114,1125],{"class":192},[52,148116,189],{"class":188},[52,148118,74],{"class":66},[52,148120,200],{"class":188},[52,148122,1216],{"class":192},[52,148124,189],{"class":188},[52,148126,74],{"class":66},[52,148128,200],{"class":188},[52,148130,1125],{"class":192},[52,148132,189],{"class":188},[52,148134,127],{"class":66},[52,148136,148137],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148138,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,148140,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148142,474],{"class":58},[52,148144,63],{"class":62},[52,148146,52960],{"class":58},[52,148148,89],{"class":66},[52,148150,41367],{"class":92},[52,148152,122],{"class":66},[52,148154,189],{"class":188},[52,148156,1125],{"class":192},[52,148158,189],{"class":188},[52,148160,127],{"class":66},[52,148162,148163,148165,148167,148169],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,148164,119],{"class":118},[52,148166,122],{"class":66},[52,148168,507],{"class":92},[52,148170,127],{"class":66},[20,148172,2193],{},[43,148174,148175],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,148176,148177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148178,148179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148180,46724],{"class":70},[20,148182,148183,148185,148186,442,148188,89],{},[15,148184,57942],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148187,57399],{},[15,148189,488],{},[38,148191,38127],{"id":38126},[20,148193,57653,148194,128677],{},[15,148195,57399],{},[154,148197,148198,148203,148208,148211],{},[157,148199,1335,148200,148202],{},[15,148201,2243],{}," when the value does not exist",[157,148204,1335,148205,148207],{},[15,148206,71],{}," when the value appears once",[157,148209,148210],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[157,148212,148213,148214,148216],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148215,7115],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148218,347],{},[43,148220,148222],{"className":45,"code":148221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148223,148224,148265,148269,148296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148225,148226,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148227,148228],{"class":58},"answers ",[52,148230,63],{"class":62},[52,148232,388],{"class":66},[52,148234,189],{"class":188},[52,148236,8779],{"class":192},[52,148238,189],{"class":188},[52,148240,74],{"class":66},[52,148242,200],{"class":188},[52,148244,8719],{"class":192},[52,148246,189],{"class":188},[52,148248,74],{"class":66},[52,148250,200],{"class":188},[52,148252,8779],{"class":192},[52,148254,189],{"class":188},[52,148256,74],{"class":66},[52,148258,200],{"class":188},[52,148260,8779],{"class":192},[52,148262,189],{"class":188},[52,148264,127],{"class":66},[52,148266,148267],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148268,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,148270,148271,148273,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148272,7115],{"class":3996},[52,148274,148275],{"class":58}," answers",[52,148277,89],{"class":66},[52,148279,41367],{"class":92},[52,148281,122],{"class":66},[52,148283,189],{"class":188},[52,148285,8779],{"class":192},[52,148287,189],{"class":188},[52,148289,3782],{"class":66},[52,148291,38502],{"class":62},[52,148293,5616],{"class":70},[52,148295,6514],{"class":66},[52,148297,148298,148300,148302,148304,148307,148309],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,148299,8188],{"class":118},[52,148301,122],{"class":66},[52,148303,189],{"class":188},[52,148305,148306],{"class":192},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[52,148308,189],{"class":188},[52,148310,127],{"class":66},[20,148312,2193],{},[43,148314,148316],{"className":45,"code":148315,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148317,148318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148319,148320,148323,148325,148327,148329,148332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148321,148322],{"class":58},"The answer ",[52,148324,3420],{"class":188},[52,148326,8779],{"class":192},[52,148328,3420],{"class":188},[52,148330,148331],{"class":58}," appears more than once",[52,148333,122321],{"class":66},[38,148335,41153],{"id":41152},[20,148337,35514,148338,104648],{},[15,148339,147814],{},[154,148341,148342,148345,148348,148351],{},[157,148343,148344],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[157,148346,148347],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[157,148349,148350],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[157,148352,148353],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148355,347],{},[43,148357,148359],{"className":45,"code":148358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148360,148361,148389,148393,148415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148362,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148364,5181],{"class":58},[52,148366,63],{"class":62},[52,148368,388],{"class":66},[52,148370,2452],{"class":70},[52,148372,74],{"class":66},[52,148374,7908],{"class":70},[52,148376,74],{"class":66},[52,148378,6124],{"class":70},[52,148380,74],{"class":66},[52,148382,7913],{"class":70},[52,148384,74],{"class":66},[52,148386,6124],{"class":70},[52,148388,127],{"class":66},[52,148390,148391],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148392,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,148394,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148396,7115],{"class":3996},[52,148398,5228],{"class":58},[52,148400,89],{"class":66},[52,148402,41367],{"class":92},[52,148404,122],{"class":66},[52,148406,2452],{"class":70},[52,148408,3782],{"class":66},[52,148410,51397],{"class":62},[52,148412,77],{"class":70},[52,148414,6514],{"class":66},[52,148416,148417,148419,148421,148423,148426,148428],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,148418,8188],{"class":118},[52,148420,122],{"class":66},[52,148422,189],{"class":188},[52,148424,148425],{"class":192},"The score 10 is repeated.",[52,148427,189],{"class":188},[52,148429,127],{"class":66},[20,148431,2193],{},[43,148433,148435],{"className":45,"code":148434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148436,148437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148438,148439,148442,148444,148446,148449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148440,148441],{"class":58},"The score ",[52,148443,2452],{"class":70},[52,148445,8216],{"class":62},[52,148447,148448],{"class":58}," repeated",[52,148450,122321],{"class":66},[38,148452,148454],{"id":148453},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148456,148457],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[154,148459,148460,148466,148471,148474],{},[157,148461,148462,148463,148465],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148464,57399],{}," still works because it only reads data",[157,148467,148468,148470],{},[15,148469,57399],{}," counts exact matches",[157,148472,148473],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[157,148475,148476,668,148478,148480],{},[15,148477,71],{},[15,148479,42266],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148482,347],{},[43,148484,148486],{"className":45,"code":148485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148487,148488,148522,148526,148546,148570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148489,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148503,148505,148507,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148491,357],{"class":58},[52,148493,63],{"class":62},[52,148495,388],{"class":66},[52,148497,71],{"class":70},[52,148499,74],{"class":66},[52,148501,148502],{"class":70}," 1.0",[52,148504,74],{"class":66},[52,148506,200],{"class":188},[52,148508,148509],{"class":192},"Cat",[52,148511,189],{"class":188},[52,148513,74],{"class":66},[52,148515,200],{"class":188},[52,148517,950],{"class":192},[52,148519,189],{"class":188},[52,148521,127],{"class":66},[52,148523,148524],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148525,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,148527,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148529,119],{"class":118},[52,148531,122],{"class":66},[52,148533,370],{"class":92},[52,148535,89],{"class":66},[52,148537,41367],{"class":92},[52,148539,122],{"class":66},[52,148541,71],{"class":70},[52,148543,5479],{"class":66},[52,148545,51203],{"class":133},[52,148547,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,148549,119],{"class":118},[52,148551,122],{"class":66},[52,148553,370],{"class":92},[52,148555,89],{"class":66},[52,148557,41367],{"class":92},[52,148559,122],{"class":66},[52,148561,189],{"class":188},[52,148563,148509],{"class":192},[52,148565,189],{"class":188},[52,148567,5479],{"class":66},[52,148569,27890],{"class":133},[52,148571,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,148573,119],{"class":118},[52,148575,122],{"class":66},[52,148577,370],{"class":92},[52,148579,89],{"class":66},[52,148581,41367],{"class":92},[52,148583,122],{"class":66},[52,148585,189],{"class":188},[52,148587,950],{"class":192},[52,148589,189],{"class":188},[52,148591,5479],{"class":66},[52,148593,27890],{"class":133},[20,148595,5276,148596,5279,148599,1964],{},[15,148597,148598],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148600,99],{},[20,148602,8907,148603,4900,148606,148608],{},[15,148604,148605],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148607,3726],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[38,148610,2948],{"id":2947},[1324,148612,8538,148614,148616],{"id":148613},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148615,41367],{}," without parentheses",[20,148618,148619],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[43,148621,148623],{"className":45,"code":148622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148624,148625,148649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148626,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148628,59],{"class":58},[52,148630,63],{"class":62},[52,148632,388],{"class":66},[52,148634,71],{"class":70},[52,148636,74],{"class":66},[52,148638,77],{"class":70},[52,148640,74],{"class":66},[52,148642,77],{"class":70},[52,148644,74],{"class":66},[52,148646,104],{"class":70},[52,148648,127],{"class":66},[52,148650,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148652,119],{"class":118},[52,148654,122],{"class":66},[52,148656,86],{"class":92},[52,148658,89],{"class":66},[52,148660,41367],{"class":24860},[52,148662,127],{"class":66},[20,148664,148665],{},"To call the method correctly:",[43,148667,148669],{"className":45,"code":148668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148670,148671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148672,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148674,119],{"class":118},[52,148676,122],{"class":66},[52,148678,86],{"class":92},[52,148680,89],{"class":66},[52,148682,41367],{"class":92},[52,148684,122],{"class":66},[52,148686,99],{"class":70},[52,148688,2150],{"class":66},[1324,148690,8574,148691,8577,148693,2996,148695],{"id":58701},[15,148692,57399],{},[15,148694,3726],{},[15,148696,3795],{},[20,148698,148699,58712],{},[15,148700,57399],{},[43,148702,148704],{"className":45,"code":148703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148705,148706,148738,148760,148764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148707,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148709,921],{"class":58},[52,148711,63],{"class":62},[52,148713,388],{"class":66},[52,148715,189],{"class":188},[52,148717,30],{"class":192},[52,148719,189],{"class":188},[52,148721,74],{"class":66},[52,148723,200],{"class":188},[52,148725,1393],{"class":192},[52,148727,189],{"class":188},[52,148729,74],{"class":66},[52,148731,200],{"class":188},[52,148733,30],{"class":192},[52,148735,189],{"class":188},[52,148737,127],{"class":66},[52,148739,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148741,474],{"class":58},[52,148743,63],{"class":62},[52,148745,70200],{"class":58},[52,148747,89],{"class":66},[52,148749,41367],{"class":92},[52,148751,122],{"class":66},[52,148753,189],{"class":188},[52,148755,30],{"class":192},[52,148757,189],{"class":188},[52,148759,127],{"class":66},[52,148761,148762],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148763,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,148765,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,148767,119],{"class":118},[52,148769,122],{"class":66},[52,148771,507],{"class":92},[52,148773,3782],{"class":66},[52,148775,51524],{"class":133},[20,148777,148778,148779,148781],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148780,4003],{}," is often simpler:",[43,148783,148785],{"className":45,"code":148784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148786,148787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148788,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148790,119],{"class":118},[52,148792,122],{"class":66},[52,148794,189],{"class":188},[52,148796,30],{"class":192},[52,148798,189],{"class":188},[52,148800,21284],{"class":3996},[52,148802,70200],{"class":92},[52,148804,3782],{"class":66},[52,148806,3785],{"class":133},[1324,148808,37310,148810,8826,148812],{"id":148809},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148811,147814],{},[15,148813,57404],{},[20,148815,148816],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148818,148819],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1324,148821,148823],{"id":148822},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148825,148826,148828],{},[15,148827,57399],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[43,148830,148832],{"className":45,"code":148831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148833,148834,148867,148893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148837,1025],{"class":58},[52,148839,63],{"class":62},[52,148841,388],{"class":66},[52,148843,189],{"class":188},[52,148845,1125],{"class":192},[52,148847,189],{"class":188},[52,148849,74],{"class":66},[52,148851,200],{"class":188},[52,148853,148854],{"class":192},"pineapple",[52,148856,189],{"class":188},[52,148858,74],{"class":66},[52,148860,200],{"class":188},[52,148862,1125],{"class":192},[52,148864,189],{"class":188},[52,148866,127],{"class":66},[52,148868,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148886,148888,148890],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148870,119],{"class":118},[52,148872,122],{"class":66},[52,148874,1043],{"class":92},[52,148876,89],{"class":66},[52,148878,41367],{"class":92},[52,148880,122],{"class":66},[52,148882,189],{"class":188},[52,148884,148885],{"class":192},"app",[52,148887,189],{"class":188},[52,148889,5479],{"class":66},[52,148891,148892],{"class":133},"    # 0\n",[52,148894,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148896,119],{"class":118},[52,148898,122],{"class":66},[52,148900,1043],{"class":92},[52,148902,89],{"class":66},[52,148904,41367],{"class":92},[52,148906,122],{"class":66},[52,148908,189],{"class":188},[52,148910,1125],{"class":192},[52,148912,189],{"class":188},[52,148914,5479],{"class":66},[52,148916,51524],{"class":133},[20,148918,148919,148922,148923,89],{},[15,148920,148921],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148924,2243],{},[38,148926,148928],{"id":148927},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148930,148931],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[154,148933,148934,148939,148948,148954],{},[157,148935,137,148936,148938],{},[15,148937,4003],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[157,148940,137,148941,148947],{},[30,148942,148944,148945],{"href":148943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148946,59076],{}," to find the position of a value",[157,148949,137,148950,148953],{},[15,148951,148952],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[157,148955,148956],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148958,1104,148959,152],{},[15,148960,4003],{},[43,148962,148964],{"className":45,"code":148963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148965,148966,148986,148990,149006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148967,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148969,59],{"class":58},[52,148971,63],{"class":62},[52,148973,388],{"class":66},[52,148975,391],{"class":70},[52,148977,74],{"class":66},[52,148979,6113],{"class":70},[52,148981,74],{"class":66},[52,148983,54245],{"class":70},[52,148985,127],{"class":66},[52,148987,148988],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,148989,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,148991,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148993,119],{"class":118},[52,148995,122],{"class":66},[52,148997,2147],{"class":70},[52,148999,21284],{"class":3996},[52,149001,479],{"class":92},[52,149003,3782],{"class":66},[52,149005,43964],{"class":133},[52,149007,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,149009,119],{"class":118},[52,149011,122],{"class":66},[52,149013,1705],{"class":70},[52,149015,21284],{"class":3996},[52,149017,479],{"class":92},[52,149019,3782],{"class":66},[52,149021,43981],{"class":133},[20,149023,1104,149024,152],{},[15,149025,59076],{},[43,149027,149029],{"className":45,"code":149028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149030,149031,149055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149032,149033,149035,149037,149039,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149034,59],{"class":58},[52,149036,63],{"class":62},[52,149038,388],{"class":66},[52,149040,391],{"class":70},[52,149042,74],{"class":66},[52,149044,6113],{"class":70},[52,149046,74],{"class":66},[52,149048,54245],{"class":70},[52,149050,74],{"class":66},[52,149052,6113],{"class":70},[52,149054,127],{"class":66},[52,149056,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149058,119],{"class":118},[52,149060,122],{"class":66},[52,149062,86],{"class":92},[52,149064,89],{"class":66},[52,149066,35955],{"class":92},[52,149068,122],{"class":66},[52,149070,2147],{"class":70},[52,149072,5479],{"class":66},[52,149074,27890],{"class":133},[20,149076,149077,149079,149080,149082,149084],{},[15,149078,57399],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9965,149081],{},[15,149083,59076],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[38,149086,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,149088,5260,149090,5263],{"id":149089},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149091,147814],{},[20,149093,149094],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1324,149096,1937,149098,149100],{"id":149097},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149099,147814],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149102,149103],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1324,149105,149107],{"id":149106},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149109,12027,149110,89],{},[15,149111,2243],{},[1324,149113,5288,149115,149117],{"id":149114},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149116,147814],{}," count strings?",[20,149119,149120],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1324,149122,1959,149124,668,149126,1964],{"id":149123},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149125,147814],{},[15,149127,149128],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149130,149131,149133,149134,149136],{},[15,149132,57399],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149135,59076],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[38,149138,1996],{"id":1995},[154,149140,149141,149145,149150,149157,149165],{},[157,149142,149143],{},[30,149144,147923],{"href":147922},[157,149146,149147],{},[30,149148,149149],{"href":147926},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[157,149151,149152],{},[30,149153,149154,149155,10859],{"href":148943},"Python tuple ",[15,149156,59076],{},[157,149158,149159],{},[30,149160,149162,149163],{"href":149161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149164,42469],{},[157,149166,149167],{},[30,149168,59064],{"href":59063},[2044,149170,149171],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":149173},[149174,149176,149179,149180,149181,149182,149183,149191,149192,149203],{"id":147890,"depth":83,"text":149175},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147930,"depth":83,"text":147931,"children":149177},[149178],{"id":103184,"depth":115,"text":103185},{"id":11591,"depth":83,"text":11592},{"id":38126,"depth":83,"text":38127},{"id":41152,"depth":83,"text":41153},{"id":148453,"depth":83,"text":148454},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":149184},[149185,149187,149188,149190],{"id":148613,"depth":115,"text":149186},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58701,"depth":115,"text":59117},{"id":148809,"depth":115,"text":149189},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148822,"depth":115,"text":148823},{"id":148927,"depth":83,"text":148928},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":149193},[149194,149196,149198,149199,149201],{"id":149089,"depth":115,"text":149195},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149097,"depth":115,"text":149197},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149106,"depth":115,"text":149107},{"id":149114,"depth":115,"text":149200},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149123,"depth":115,"text":149202},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147801,"description":149204},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149211,"title":149212,"body":149213,"description":150900,"extension":2083,"meta":150901,"navigation":240,"path":150902,"seo":150903,"stem":150904,"__hash__":150905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149214,"toc":150863},[149215,149218,149221,149230,149232,149362,149364,149425,149431,149433,149453,149457,149460,149463,149498,149500,149521,149524,149563,149565,149590,149597,149601,149604,149641,149643,149666,149669,149672,149684,149690,149694,149697,149703,149744,149746,149769,149772,149813,149815,149842,149844,149861,149863,149880,149883,149887,149890,149892,149926,149928,149975,149979,150018,150022,150025,150082,150084,150125,150131,150137,150142,150144,150181,150183,150203,150205,150238,150240,150273,150276,150280,150313,150315,150340,150343,150345,150359,150366,150368,150371,150375,150378,150413,150416,150451,150455,150458,150497,150500,150539,150543,150545,150575,150578,150585,150587,150619,150622,150654,150657,150688,150690,150707,150711,150714,150778,150780,150784,150791,150795,150798,150802,150805,150809,150812,150817,150823,150825,150860],[10,149216,149212],{"id":149217},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149219,149220],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149222,149223,149224,2996,149228,89],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[30,149225,149227],{"href":149226},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[30,149229,147923],{"href":147922},[38,149231,2125],{"id":2124},[43,149233,149235],{"className":45,"code":149234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149236,149237,149257,149266,149280,149316,149320,149330,149340,149351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149238,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149240,59],{"class":58},[52,149242,63],{"class":62},[52,149244,388],{"class":66},[52,149246,71],{"class":70},[52,149248,74],{"class":66},[52,149250,77],{"class":70},[52,149252,74],{"class":66},[52,149254,104],{"class":70},[52,149256,127],{"class":66},[52,149258,149259,149261,149263],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149260,124787],{"class":58},[52,149262,63],{"class":62},[52,149264,149265],{"class":66}," ()\n",[52,149267,149268,149271,149273,149275,149277],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149269,149270],{"class":58},"one_item ",[52,149272,63],{"class":62},[52,149274,388],{"class":66},[52,149276,1705],{"class":70},[52,149278,149279],{"class":66},",)\n",[52,149281,149282,149285,149287,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,149283,149284],{"class":58},"from_list ",[52,149286,63],{"class":62},[52,149288,149289],{"class":3020}," tuple",[52,149291,96],{"class":66},[52,149293,189],{"class":188},[52,149295,30],{"class":192},[52,149297,189],{"class":188},[52,149299,74],{"class":66},[52,149301,200],{"class":188},[52,149303,1393],{"class":192},[52,149305,189],{"class":188},[52,149307,74],{"class":66},[52,149309,200],{"class":188},[52,149311,1491],{"class":192},[52,149313,189],{"class":188},[52,149315,112],{"class":66},[52,149317,149318],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,149319,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,149321,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,149323,119],{"class":118},[52,149325,122],{"class":66},[52,149327,86],{"class":92},[52,149329,127],{"class":66},[52,149331,149332,149334,149336,149338],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,149333,119],{"class":118},[52,149335,122],{"class":66},[52,149337,124838],{"class":92},[52,149339,127],{"class":66},[52,149341,149342,149344,149346,149349],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,149343,119],{"class":118},[52,149345,122],{"class":66},[52,149347,149348],{"class":92},"one_item",[52,149350,127],{"class":66},[52,149352,149353,149355,149357,149360],{"class":54,"line":898},[52,149354,119],{"class":118},[52,149356,122],{"class":66},[52,149358,149359],{"class":92},"from_list",[52,149361,127],{"class":66},[20,149363,2193],{},[43,149365,149367],{"className":45,"code":149366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149368,149369,149385,149389,149397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149370,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149372,122],{"class":66},[52,149374,71],{"class":70},[52,149376,74],{"class":66},[52,149378,77],{"class":70},[52,149380,74],{"class":66},[52,149382,104],{"class":70},[52,149384,127],{"class":66},[52,149386,149387],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149388,8764],{"class":66},[52,149390,149391,149393,149395],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149392,122],{"class":66},[52,149394,1705],{"class":70},[52,149396,149279],{"class":66},[52,149398,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,149400,122],{"class":66},[52,149402,3420],{"class":188},[52,149404,30],{"class":192},[52,149406,3420],{"class":188},[52,149408,74],{"class":66},[52,149410,3415],{"class":188},[52,149412,1393],{"class":192},[52,149414,3420],{"class":188},[52,149416,74],{"class":66},[52,149418,3415],{"class":188},[52,149420,1491],{"class":192},[52,149422,3420],{"class":188},[52,149424,127],{"class":66},[20,149426,149427,149428,89],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149429,149430],{},"(5,)",[38,149432,15277],{"id":15276},[154,149434,149435,149438,149441,149444,149447,149450],{},[157,149436,149437],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[157,149439,149440],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[157,149442,149443],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[157,149445,149446],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[157,149448,149449],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[157,149451,149452],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[38,149454,149456],{"id":149455},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149458,149459],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149461,149462],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[43,149464,149466],{"className":45,"code":149465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149467,149468,149488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149469,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149471,59],{"class":58},[52,149473,63],{"class":62},[52,149475,388],{"class":66},[52,149477,71],{"class":70},[52,149479,74],{"class":66},[52,149481,77],{"class":70},[52,149483,74],{"class":66},[52,149485,104],{"class":70},[52,149487,127],{"class":66},[52,149489,149490,149492,149494,149496],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149491,119],{"class":118},[52,149493,122],{"class":66},[52,149495,86],{"class":92},[52,149497,127],{"class":66},[20,149499,2193],{},[43,149501,149503],{"className":45,"code":149502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149504,149505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149506,149507,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149508,122],{"class":66},[52,149510,71],{"class":70},[52,149512,74],{"class":66},[52,149514,77],{"class":70},[52,149516,74],{"class":66},[52,149518,104],{"class":70},[52,149520,127],{"class":66},[20,149522,149523],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[43,149525,149527],{"className":45,"code":149526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149528,149529,149553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149530,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149532,9288],{"class":58},[52,149534,63],{"class":62},[52,149536,388],{"class":66},[52,149538,71],{"class":70},[52,149540,74],{"class":66},[52,149542,200],{"class":188},[52,149544,1125],{"class":192},[52,149546,189],{"class":188},[52,149548,74],{"class":66},[52,149550,4036],{"class":3971},[52,149552,127],{"class":66},[52,149554,149555,149557,149559,149561],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149556,119],{"class":118},[52,149558,122],{"class":66},[52,149560,9327],{"class":92},[52,149562,127],{"class":66},[20,149564,2193],{},[43,149566,149568],{"className":45,"code":149567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149569,149570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149571,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149573,122],{"class":66},[52,149575,71],{"class":70},[52,149577,74],{"class":66},[52,149579,3415],{"class":188},[52,149581,1125],{"class":192},[52,149583,3420],{"class":188},[52,149585,74],{"class":66},[52,149587,4036],{"class":3971},[52,149589,127],{"class":66},[20,149591,149592,149593,89],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[30,149594,149596],{"href":149595},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[38,149598,149600],{"id":149599},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149602,149603],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[43,149605,149607],{"className":45,"code":149606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149608,149609,149617,149627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149610,149611,149613,149615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149612,124787],{"class":58},[52,149614,63],{"class":62},[52,149616,149265],{"class":66},[52,149618,149619,149621,149623,149625],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149620,119],{"class":118},[52,149622,122],{"class":66},[52,149624,124838],{"class":92},[52,149626,127],{"class":66},[52,149628,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149630,119],{"class":118},[52,149632,122],{"class":66},[52,149634,3340],{"class":3020},[52,149636,122],{"class":66},[52,149638,124838],{"class":92},[52,149640,2150],{"class":66},[20,149642,2193],{},[43,149644,149646],{"className":45,"code":149645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149647,149648,149652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149649,149650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149651,8764],{"class":66},[52,149653,149654,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149655,3409],{"class":62},[52,149657,3412],{"class":2187},[52,149659,3415],{"class":188},[52,149661,49061],{"class":192},[52,149663,3420],{"class":188},[52,149665,3423],{"class":62},[20,149667,149668],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149670,149671],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[154,149673,149674,149679],{},[157,149675,149676,149677],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149678,7483],{},[157,149680,149681,149682],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149683,3906],{},[20,149685,149686,149687,89],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[30,149688,149689],{"href":57262},"Python list: creating a list",[38,149691,149693],{"id":149692},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149695,149696],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149698,149699,149700,149702],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[984,149701,986],{}," automatically a tuple:",[43,149704,149706],{"className":45,"code":149705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149707,149708,149720,149730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149709,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149711,2568],{"class":58},[52,149713,63],{"class":62},[52,149715,388],{"class":66},[52,149717,1705],{"class":70},[52,149719,127],{"class":66},[52,149721,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149723,119],{"class":118},[52,149725,122],{"class":66},[52,149727,2593],{"class":92},[52,149729,127],{"class":66},[52,149731,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149733,119],{"class":118},[52,149735,122],{"class":66},[52,149737,3340],{"class":3020},[52,149739,122],{"class":66},[52,149741,2593],{"class":92},[52,149743,2150],{"class":66},[20,149745,2193],{},[43,149747,149749],{"className":45,"code":149748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149750,149751,149755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149752,149753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149754,3066],{"class":70},[52,149756,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149758,3409],{"class":62},[52,149760,3412],{"class":2187},[52,149762,3415],{"class":188},[52,149764,2310],{"class":192},[52,149766,3420],{"class":188},[52,149768,3423],{"class":62},[20,149770,149771],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[43,149773,149775],{"className":45,"code":149774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149776,149777,149789,149799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149780,149270],{"class":58},[52,149782,63],{"class":62},[52,149784,388],{"class":66},[52,149786,1705],{"class":70},[52,149788,149279],{"class":66},[52,149790,149791,149793,149795,149797],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149792,119],{"class":118},[52,149794,122],{"class":66},[52,149796,149348],{"class":92},[52,149798,127],{"class":66},[52,149800,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149802,119],{"class":118},[52,149804,122],{"class":66},[52,149806,3340],{"class":3020},[52,149808,122],{"class":66},[52,149810,149348],{"class":92},[52,149812,2150],{"class":66},[20,149814,2193],{},[43,149816,149818],{"className":45,"code":149817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149819,149820,149828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149821,149822,149824,149826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149823,122],{"class":66},[52,149825,1705],{"class":70},[52,149827,149279],{"class":66},[52,149829,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149831,3409],{"class":62},[52,149833,3412],{"class":2187},[52,149835,3415],{"class":188},[52,149837,49061],{"class":192},[52,149839,3420],{"class":188},[52,149841,3423],{"class":62},[20,149843,16769],{},[43,149845,149847],{"className":45,"code":149846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149848,149849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149850,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149852,122],{"class":66},[52,149854,189],{"class":188},[52,149856,1125],{"class":192},[52,149858,189],{"class":188},[52,149860,149279],{"class":66},[20,149862,16757],{},[43,149864,149866],{"className":45,"code":149865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149867,149868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149869,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149871,122],{"class":66},[52,149873,189],{"class":188},[52,149875,1125],{"class":192},[52,149877,189],{"class":188},[52,149879,127],{"class":66},[20,149881,149882],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[38,149884,149886],{"id":149885},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149888,149889],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1324,149891,56571],{"id":86},[43,149893,149894],{"className":45,"code":149465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,149895,149896,149916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149897,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149899,59],{"class":58},[52,149901,63],{"class":62},[52,149903,388],{"class":66},[52,149905,71],{"class":70},[52,149907,74],{"class":66},[52,149909,77],{"class":70},[52,149911,74],{"class":66},[52,149913,104],{"class":70},[52,149915,127],{"class":66},[52,149917,149918,149920,149922,149924],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149919,119],{"class":118},[52,149921,122],{"class":66},[52,149923,86],{"class":92},[52,149925,127],{"class":66},[1324,149927,56574],{"id":5427},[43,149929,149931],{"className":45,"code":149930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149932,149933,149965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149934,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149936,181],{"class":58},[52,149938,63],{"class":62},[52,149940,388],{"class":66},[52,149942,189],{"class":188},[52,149944,193],{"class":192},[52,149946,189],{"class":188},[52,149948,74],{"class":66},[52,149950,200],{"class":188},[52,149952,231],{"class":192},[52,149954,189],{"class":188},[52,149956,74],{"class":66},[52,149958,200],{"class":188},[52,149960,203],{"class":192},[52,149962,189],{"class":188},[52,149964,127],{"class":66},[52,149966,149967,149969,149971,149973],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,149968,119],{"class":118},[52,149970,122],{"class":66},[52,149972,212],{"class":92},[52,149974,127],{"class":66},[1324,149976,149978],{"id":149977},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[43,149980,149982],{"className":45,"code":149981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149983,149984,150008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149985,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149987,59581],{"class":58},[52,149989,63],{"class":62},[52,149991,388],{"class":66},[52,149993,71],{"class":70},[52,149995,74],{"class":66},[52,149997,200],{"class":188},[52,149999,1125],{"class":192},[52,150001,189],{"class":188},[52,150003,74],{"class":66},[52,150005,4036],{"class":3971},[52,150007,127],{"class":66},[52,150009,150010,150012,150014,150016],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150011,119],{"class":118},[52,150013,122],{"class":66},[52,150015,59634],{"class":92},[52,150017,127],{"class":66},[1324,150019,150021],{"id":150020},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150023,150024],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[43,150026,150028],{"className":45,"code":150027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150029,150030,150071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150031,150032,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150033,150034],{"class":58},"nested ",[52,150036,63],{"class":62},[52,150038,388],{"class":66},[52,150040,71],{"class":70},[52,150042,74],{"class":66},[52,150044,388],{"class":66},[52,150046,189],{"class":188},[52,150048,30],{"class":192},[52,150050,189],{"class":188},[52,150052,74],{"class":66},[52,150054,200],{"class":188},[52,150056,1393],{"class":192},[52,150058,189],{"class":188},[52,150060,399],{"class":66},[52,150062,3743],{"class":66},[52,150064,2452],{"class":70},[52,150066,74],{"class":66},[52,150068,7908],{"class":70},[52,150070,112],{"class":66},[52,150072,150073,150075,150077,150080],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150074,119],{"class":118},[52,150076,122],{"class":66},[52,150078,150079],{"class":92},"nested",[52,150081,127],{"class":66},[20,150083,2193],{},[43,150085,150087],{"className":45,"code":150086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150088,150089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150090,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150092,122],{"class":66},[52,150094,71],{"class":70},[52,150096,74],{"class":66},[52,150098,388],{"class":66},[52,150100,3420],{"class":188},[52,150102,30],{"class":192},[52,150104,3420],{"class":188},[52,150106,74],{"class":66},[52,150108,3415],{"class":188},[52,150110,1393],{"class":192},[52,150112,3420],{"class":188},[52,150114,399],{"class":66},[52,150116,3743],{"class":66},[52,150118,2452],{"class":70},[52,150120,74],{"class":66},[52,150122,7908],{"class":70},[52,150124,112],{"class":66},[38,150126,150128,150129],{"id":150127},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150130,38153],{},[20,150132,150133,150134,150136],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150135,38153],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150138,150139,150140,89],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[30,150141,63323],{"href":63322},[1324,150143,105325],{"id":105324},[43,150145,150147],{"className":45,"code":150146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150148,150149,150171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150150,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150152,59],{"class":58},[52,150154,63],{"class":62},[52,150156,149289],{"class":3020},[52,150158,96],{"class":66},[52,150160,71],{"class":70},[52,150162,74],{"class":66},[52,150164,77],{"class":70},[52,150166,74],{"class":66},[52,150168,104],{"class":70},[52,150170,112],{"class":66},[52,150172,150173,150175,150177,150179],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150174,119],{"class":118},[52,150176,122],{"class":66},[52,150178,86],{"class":92},[52,150180,127],{"class":66},[20,150182,2193],{},[43,150184,150185],{"className":45,"code":149502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150186,150187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150188,150189,150191,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150190,122],{"class":66},[52,150192,71],{"class":70},[52,150194,74],{"class":66},[52,150196,77],{"class":70},[52,150198,74],{"class":66},[52,150200,104],{"class":70},[52,150202,127],{"class":66},[1324,150204,105511],{"id":105510},[43,150206,150208],{"className":45,"code":150207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150209,150210,150228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150211,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150213,921],{"class":58},[52,150215,63],{"class":62},[52,150217,149289],{"class":3020},[52,150219,122],{"class":66},[52,150221,189],{"class":188},[52,150223,41668],{"class":192},[52,150225,189],{"class":188},[52,150227,127],{"class":66},[52,150229,150230,150232,150234,150236],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150231,119],{"class":118},[52,150233,122],{"class":66},[52,150235,939],{"class":92},[52,150237,127],{"class":66},[20,150239,2193],{},[43,150241,150243],{"className":45,"code":150242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150244,150245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150246,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150248,122],{"class":66},[52,150250,3420],{"class":188},[52,150252,30],{"class":192},[52,150254,3420],{"class":188},[52,150256,74],{"class":66},[52,150258,3415],{"class":188},[52,150260,1393],{"class":192},[52,150262,3420],{"class":188},[52,150264,74],{"class":66},[52,150266,3415],{"class":188},[52,150268,1491],{"class":192},[52,150270,3420],{"class":188},[52,150272,127],{"class":66},[20,150274,150275],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1324,150277,150279],{"id":150278},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[43,150281,150283],{"className":45,"code":150282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150284,150285,150303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150286,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150288,357],{"class":58},[52,150290,63],{"class":62},[52,150292,149289],{"class":3020},[52,150294,122],{"class":66},[52,150296,60107],{"class":118},[52,150298,122],{"class":66},[52,150300,391],{"class":70},[52,150302,2150],{"class":66},[52,150304,150305,150307,150309,150311],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150306,119],{"class":118},[52,150308,122],{"class":66},[52,150310,370],{"class":92},[52,150312,127],{"class":66},[20,150314,2193],{},[43,150316,150318],{"className":45,"code":150317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150319,150320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150321,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150323,122],{"class":66},[52,150325,2243],{"class":70},[52,150327,74],{"class":66},[52,150329,5616],{"class":70},[52,150331,74],{"class":66},[52,150333,77],{"class":70},[52,150335,74],{"class":66},[52,150337,104],{"class":70},[52,150339,127],{"class":66},[20,150341,150342],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[38,150344,20912],{"id":20911},[154,150346,150347,150350,150353,150356],{},[157,150348,150349],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[157,150351,150352],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[157,150354,150355],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[157,150357,150358],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150360,150361,150362,89],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[30,150363,150365],{"href":150364},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[38,150367,2948],{"id":2947},[20,150369,150370],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1324,150372,150374],{"id":150373},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150376,150377],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[43,150379,150381],{"className":45,"code":150380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150382,150383,150399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150384,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150386,28648],{"class":58},[52,150388,63],{"class":62},[52,150390,388],{"class":66},[52,150392,189],{"class":188},[52,150394,1125],{"class":192},[52,150396,189],{"class":188},[52,150398,127],{"class":66},[52,150400,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150402,119],{"class":118},[52,150404,122],{"class":66},[52,150406,3340],{"class":3020},[52,150408,122],{"class":66},[52,150410,23420],{"class":92},[52,150412,2150],{"class":66},[20,150414,150415],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[43,150417,150419],{"className":45,"code":150418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150420,150421,150437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150422,150423,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150424,28648],{"class":58},[52,150426,63],{"class":62},[52,150428,388],{"class":66},[52,150430,189],{"class":188},[52,150432,1125],{"class":192},[52,150434,189],{"class":188},[52,150436,149279],{"class":66},[52,150438,150439,150441,150443,150445,150447,150449],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150440,119],{"class":118},[52,150442,122],{"class":66},[52,150444,3340],{"class":3020},[52,150446,122],{"class":66},[52,150448,23420],{"class":92},[52,150450,2150],{"class":66},[1324,150452,150454],{"id":150453},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150456,150457],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[43,150459,150461],{"className":45,"code":150460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150462,150463,150483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150464,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150466,357],{"class":58},[52,150468,63],{"class":62},[52,150470,3743],{"class":66},[52,150472,71],{"class":70},[52,150474,74],{"class":66},[52,150476,77],{"class":70},[52,150478,74],{"class":66},[52,150480,104],{"class":70},[52,150482,3756],{"class":66},[52,150484,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150486,119],{"class":118},[52,150488,122],{"class":66},[52,150490,3340],{"class":3020},[52,150492,122],{"class":66},[52,150494,370],{"class":92},[52,150496,2150],{"class":66},[20,150498,150499],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[43,150501,150503],{"className":45,"code":150502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150504,150505,150525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150506,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150508,357],{"class":58},[52,150510,63],{"class":62},[52,150512,388],{"class":66},[52,150514,71],{"class":70},[52,150516,74],{"class":66},[52,150518,77],{"class":70},[52,150520,74],{"class":66},[52,150522,104],{"class":70},[52,150524,127],{"class":66},[52,150526,150527,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150528,119],{"class":118},[52,150530,122],{"class":66},[52,150532,3340],{"class":3020},[52,150534,122],{"class":66},[52,150536,370],{"class":92},[52,150538,2150],{"class":66},[1324,150540,150542],{"id":150541},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150544,150355],{},[43,150546,150548],{"className":45,"code":150547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150549,150550,150570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150551,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150553,59],{"class":58},[52,150555,63],{"class":62},[52,150557,388],{"class":66},[52,150559,71],{"class":70},[52,150561,74],{"class":66},[52,150563,77],{"class":70},[52,150565,74],{"class":66},[52,150567,104],{"class":70},[52,150569,127],{"class":66},[52,150571,150572],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150573,150574],{"class":133},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150576,150577],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1324,150579,37310,150581,150584],{"id":150580},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150582,150583],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150586,64749],{},[43,150588,150589],{"className":45,"code":150207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150590,150591,150609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150592,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150594,921],{"class":58},[52,150596,63],{"class":62},[52,150598,149289],{"class":3020},[52,150600,122],{"class":66},[52,150602,189],{"class":188},[52,150604,41668],{"class":192},[52,150606,189],{"class":188},[52,150608,127],{"class":66},[52,150610,150611,150613,150615,150617],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150612,119],{"class":118},[52,150614,122],{"class":66},[52,150616,939],{"class":92},[52,150618,127],{"class":66},[20,150620,150621],{},"gives:",[43,150623,150624],{"className":45,"code":150242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150625,150626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150627,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150629,122],{"class":66},[52,150631,3420],{"class":188},[52,150633,30],{"class":192},[52,150635,3420],{"class":188},[52,150637,74],{"class":66},[52,150639,3415],{"class":188},[52,150641,1393],{"class":192},[52,150643,3420],{"class":188},[52,150645,74],{"class":66},[52,150647,3415],{"class":188},[52,150649,1491],{"class":192},[52,150651,3420],{"class":188},[52,150653,127],{"class":66},[20,150655,150656],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[43,150658,150660],{"className":45,"code":150659,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150661,150662,150678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150663,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150665,6274],{"class":58},[52,150667,63],{"class":62},[52,150669,388],{"class":66},[52,150671,189],{"class":188},[52,150673,41668],{"class":192},[52,150675,189],{"class":188},[52,150677,149279],{"class":66},[52,150679,150680,150682,150684,150686],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150681,119],{"class":118},[52,150683,122],{"class":66},[52,150685,38497],{"class":92},[52,150687,127],{"class":66},[20,150689,2193],{},[43,150691,150693],{"className":45,"code":150692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('abc',)\n",[15,150694,150695],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150696,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150698,122],{"class":66},[52,150700,3420],{"class":188},[52,150702,41668],{"class":192},[52,150704,3420],{"class":188},[52,150706,149279],{"class":66},[1324,150708,150710],{"id":150709},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150712,150713],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[43,150715,150717],{"className":45,"code":150716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150718,150719,150736,150740,150750,150764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150720,150721,150724,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150722,150723],{"class":58},"my_tuple ",[52,150725,63],{"class":62},[52,150727,388],{"class":66},[52,150729,189],{"class":188},[52,150731,1125],{"class":192},[52,150733,189],{"class":188},[52,150735,149279],{"class":66},[52,150737,150738],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150739,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,150741,150742,150744,150746,150748],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,150743,119],{"class":118},[52,150745,122],{"class":66},[52,150747,147941],{"class":92},[52,150749,127],{"class":66},[52,150751,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,150753,119],{"class":118},[52,150755,122],{"class":66},[52,150757,3340],{"class":3020},[52,150759,122],{"class":66},[52,150761,147941],{"class":92},[52,150763,2150],{"class":66},[52,150765,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,150767,119],{"class":118},[52,150769,122],{"class":66},[52,150771,11279],{"class":118},[52,150773,122],{"class":66},[52,150775,147941],{"class":92},[52,150777,2150],{"class":66},[38,150779,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,150781,150783],{"id":150782},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150785,150786,150787,150790],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150788,150789],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1324,150792,150794],{"id":150793},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150796,150797],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1324,150799,150801],{"id":150800},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150803,150804],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1324,150806,150808],{"id":150807},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150810,150811],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1324,150813,5260,150815,12832],{"id":150814},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150816,150583],{},[20,150818,5266,150819,150822],{},[15,150820,150821],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[38,150824,1996],{"id":1995},[154,150826,150827,150831,150835,150841,150846,150851,150855],{},[157,150828,150829],{},[30,150830,147923],{"href":147922},[157,150832,150833],{},[30,150834,149596],{"href":149595},[157,150836,150837],{},[30,150838,150840],{"href":150839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[157,150842,150843],{},[30,150844,150845],{"href":149161},"Python tuple length with len()",[157,150847,150848],{},[30,150849,150850],{"href":149226},"What is a tuple in Python?",[157,150852,150853],{},[30,150854,63323],{"href":63322},[157,150856,150857],{},[30,150858,150859],{"href":150364},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2044,150861,150862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":150864},[150865,150866,150867,150868,150869,150870,150876,150882,150883,150891,150899],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":15276,"depth":83,"text":15277},{"id":149455,"depth":83,"text":149456},{"id":149599,"depth":83,"text":149600},{"id":149692,"depth":83,"text":149693},{"id":149885,"depth":83,"text":149886,"children":150871},[150872,150873,150874,150875],{"id":86,"depth":115,"text":56571},{"id":5427,"depth":115,"text":56574},{"id":149977,"depth":115,"text":149978},{"id":150020,"depth":115,"text":150021},{"id":150127,"depth":83,"text":150877,"children":150878},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150879,150880,150881],{"id":105324,"depth":115,"text":105325},{"id":105510,"depth":115,"text":105511},{"id":150278,"depth":115,"text":150279},{"id":20911,"depth":83,"text":20912},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":150884},[150885,150886,150887,150888,150890],{"id":150373,"depth":115,"text":150374},{"id":150453,"depth":115,"text":150454},{"id":150541,"depth":115,"text":150542},{"id":150580,"depth":115,"text":150889},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150709,"depth":115,"text":150710},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":150892},[150893,150894,150895,150896,150897],{"id":150782,"depth":115,"text":150783},{"id":150793,"depth":115,"text":150794},{"id":150800,"depth":115,"text":150801},{"id":150807,"depth":115,"text":150808},{"id":150814,"depth":115,"text":150898},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149212,"description":150900},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150907,"title":150908,"body":150909,"description":152454,"extension":2083,"meta":152455,"navigation":240,"path":152456,"seo":152457,"stem":152458,"__hash__":152459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150910,"toc":152424},[150911,150914,150919,150921,150934,150940,150942,151009,151011,151046,151051,151055,151059,151061,151072,151080,151082,151084,151105,151107,151127,151130,151132,151137,151180,151182,151204,151207,151220,151224,151228,151231,151284,151286,151307,151312,151316,151319,151364,151366,151399,151411,151415,151423,151460,151462,151491,151495,151498,151551,151553,151573,151580,151584,151589,151658,151660,151685,151689,151692,151698,151775,151777,151836,151838,151850,151855,151859,151863,151877,151879,151914,151916,151933,151936,151949,151953,151957,151968,151973,151988,151991,151994,151996,151999,152003,152005,152019,152021,152045,152050,152054,152057,152076,152079,152128,152133,152150,152153,152186,152190,152192,152243,152246,152271,152274,152297,152301,152307,152309,152344,152347,152352,152354,152358,152361,152365,152370,152374,152377,152381,152384,152388,152393,152395,152421],[10,150912,150908],{"id":150913},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150915,9245,150916,150918],{},[15,150917,38153],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150920,82690],{},[154,150922,150923,150928],{},[157,150924,150925,150927],{},[15,150926,38153],{}," creates an empty tuple",[157,150929,150930,150933],{},[15,150931,150932],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150935,150936,150937,150939],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150938,38153],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[38,150941,2125],{"id":2124},[43,150943,150945],{"className":45,"code":150944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150946,150947,150967,150981,150985,150995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150948,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959,150961,150963,150965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150950,59],{"class":58},[52,150952,63],{"class":62},[52,150954,3743],{"class":66},[52,150956,71],{"class":70},[52,150958,74],{"class":66},[52,150960,77],{"class":70},[52,150962,74],{"class":66},[52,150964,104],{"class":70},[52,150966,3756],{"class":66},[52,150968,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977,150979],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,150970,474],{"class":58},[52,150972,63],{"class":62},[52,150974,149289],{"class":3020},[52,150976,122],{"class":66},[52,150978,86],{"class":92},[52,150980,127],{"class":66},[52,150982,150983],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,150984,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,150986,150987,150989,150991,150993],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,150988,119],{"class":118},[52,150990,122],{"class":66},[52,150992,507],{"class":92},[52,150994,127],{"class":66},[52,150996,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,150998,119],{"class":118},[52,151000,122],{"class":66},[52,151002,3340],{"class":3020},[52,151004,122],{"class":66},[52,151006,507],{"class":92},[52,151008,2150],{"class":66},[20,151010,2193],{},[43,151012,151014],{"className":45,"code":151013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151015,151016,151032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151017,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151019,122],{"class":66},[52,151021,71],{"class":70},[52,151023,74],{"class":66},[52,151025,77],{"class":70},[52,151027,74],{"class":66},[52,151029,104],{"class":70},[52,151031,127],{"class":66},[52,151033,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042,151044],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151035,3409],{"class":62},[52,151037,3412],{"class":2187},[52,151039,3415],{"class":188},[52,151041,49061],{"class":192},[52,151043,3420],{"class":188},[52,151045,3423],{"class":62},[20,151047,137,151048,151050],{},[15,151049,150932],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[38,151052,151054],{"id":151053},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151056,151057,63031],{},[15,151058,38153],{},[20,151060,49035],{},[154,151062,151063,151066,151069],{},[157,151064,151065],{},"creates a tuple object",[157,151067,151068],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[157,151070,151071],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151073,151074,151075,151077,151078,89],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[30,151076,149227],{"href":149226}," or the full guide to ",[30,151079,147923],{"href":147922},[38,151081,268],{"id":267},[20,151083,26597],{},[43,151085,151087],{"className":45,"code":151086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151088,151089,151095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151090,151091,151093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151092,49061],{"class":3020},[52,151094,8764],{"class":66},[52,151096,151097,151099,151101,151103],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151098,49061],{"class":3020},[52,151100,122],{"class":66},[52,151102,290],{"class":92},[52,151104,127],{"class":66},[20,151106,11575],{},[154,151108,151109,151112],{},[157,151110,151111],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[157,151113,151114,151115],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[154,151116,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125],{},[157,151118,5418],{},[157,151120,5427],{},[157,151122,63102],{},[157,151124,5424],{},[157,151126,7368],{},[20,151128,151129],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[38,151131,149600],{"id":149599},[20,151133,29760,151134,151136],{},[15,151135,38153],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[43,151138,151140],{"className":45,"code":151139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151141,151142,151152,151156,151166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151143,151144,151146,151148,151150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151145,124787],{"class":58},[52,151147,63],{"class":62},[52,151149,149289],{"class":3020},[52,151151,8764],{"class":66},[52,151153,151154],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151155,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,151157,151158,151160,151162,151164],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151159,119],{"class":118},[52,151161,122],{"class":66},[52,151163,124838],{"class":92},[52,151165,127],{"class":66},[52,151167,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,151169,119],{"class":118},[52,151171,122],{"class":66},[52,151173,3340],{"class":3020},[52,151175,122],{"class":66},[52,151177,124838],{"class":92},[52,151179,2150],{"class":66},[20,151181,2193],{},[43,151183,151184],{"className":45,"code":149645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151185,151186,151190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151187,151188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151189,8764],{"class":66},[52,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151193,3409],{"class":62},[52,151195,3412],{"class":2187},[52,151197,3415],{"class":188},[52,151199,49061],{"class":192},[52,151201,3420],{"class":188},[52,151203,3423],{"class":62},[20,151205,151206],{},"This is equivalent to:",[43,151208,151210],{"className":45,"code":151209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\n",[15,151211,151212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151213,151214,151216,151218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151215,124787],{"class":58},[52,151217,63],{"class":62},[52,151219,149265],{"class":66},[38,151221,151223],{"id":151222},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1324,151225,151227],{"id":151226},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151229,151230],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[43,151232,151234],{"className":45,"code":151233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151235,151236,151256,151270,151274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151237,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151239,59],{"class":58},[52,151241,63],{"class":62},[52,151243,3743],{"class":66},[52,151245,2452],{"class":70},[52,151247,74],{"class":66},[52,151249,7908],{"class":70},[52,151251,74],{"class":66},[52,151253,7913],{"class":70},[52,151255,3756],{"class":66},[52,151257,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151259,474],{"class":58},[52,151261,63],{"class":62},[52,151263,149289],{"class":3020},[52,151265,122],{"class":66},[52,151267,86],{"class":92},[52,151269,127],{"class":66},[52,151271,151272],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151273,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,151275,151276,151278,151280,151282],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,151277,119],{"class":118},[52,151279,122],{"class":66},[52,151281,507],{"class":92},[52,151283,127],{"class":66},[20,151285,2193],{},[43,151287,151289],{"className":45,"code":151288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151290,151291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151292,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151294,122],{"class":66},[52,151296,2452],{"class":70},[52,151298,74],{"class":66},[52,151300,7908],{"class":70},[52,151302,74],{"class":66},[52,151304,7913],{"class":70},[52,151306,127],{"class":66},[20,151308,151309,151310,89],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[30,151311,105130],{"href":60164},[1324,151313,151315],{"id":151314},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151317,151318],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[43,151320,151322],{"className":45,"code":151321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151323,151324,151336,151350,151354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151325,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151327,34795],{"class":58},[52,151329,63],{"class":62},[52,151331,200],{"class":188},[52,151333,950],{"class":192},[52,151335,3479],{"class":188},[52,151337,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151339,474],{"class":58},[52,151341,63],{"class":62},[52,151343,149289],{"class":3020},[52,151345,122],{"class":66},[52,151347,34816],{"class":92},[52,151349,127],{"class":66},[52,151351,151352],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151353,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,151355,151356,151358,151360,151362],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,151357,119],{"class":118},[52,151359,122],{"class":66},[52,151361,507],{"class":92},[52,151363,127],{"class":66},[20,151365,2193],{},[43,151367,151369],{"className":45,"code":151368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151370,151371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151372,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151374,122],{"class":66},[52,151376,3420],{"class":188},[52,151378,1491],{"class":192},[52,151380,3420],{"class":188},[52,151382,74],{"class":66},[52,151384,3415],{"class":188},[52,151386,30],{"class":192},[52,151388,3420],{"class":188},[52,151390,74],{"class":66},[52,151392,3415],{"class":188},[52,151394,63392],{"class":192},[52,151396,3420],{"class":188},[52,151398,127],{"class":66},[20,151400,151401,151402,982,151405,151407,151408,89],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151403,151404],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[984,151406,986],{}," create ",[15,151409,151410],{},"('cat',)",[1324,151412,151414],{"id":151413},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151416,151417,151419,151420,151422],{},[15,151418,36306],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151421,38153],{}," collects them all.",[43,151424,151426],{"className":45,"code":151425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151427,151428,151446,151450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151429,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151431,474],{"class":58},[52,151433,63],{"class":62},[52,151435,149289],{"class":3020},[52,151437,122],{"class":66},[52,151439,60107],{"class":118},[52,151441,122],{"class":66},[52,151443,1705],{"class":70},[52,151445,2150],{"class":66},[52,151447,151448],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151449,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,151451,151452,151454,151456,151458],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151453,119],{"class":118},[52,151455,122],{"class":66},[52,151457,507],{"class":92},[52,151459,127],{"class":66},[20,151461,2193],{},[43,151463,151465],{"className":45,"code":151464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151466,151467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151468,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151470,122],{"class":66},[52,151472,2243],{"class":70},[52,151474,74],{"class":66},[52,151476,5616],{"class":70},[52,151478,74],{"class":66},[52,151480,77],{"class":70},[52,151482,74],{"class":66},[52,151484,104],{"class":70},[52,151486,74],{"class":66},[52,151488,109],{"class":70},[52,151490,127],{"class":66},[1324,151492,151494],{"id":151493},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151496,151497],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[43,151499,151501],{"className":45,"code":151500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151502,151503,151523,151537,151541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151504,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151506,357],{"class":58},[52,151508,63],{"class":62},[52,151510,67],{"class":66},[52,151512,71],{"class":70},[52,151514,74],{"class":66},[52,151516,77],{"class":70},[52,151518,74],{"class":66},[52,151520,104],{"class":70},[52,151522,80],{"class":66},[52,151524,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151526,474],{"class":58},[52,151528,63],{"class":62},[52,151530,149289],{"class":3020},[52,151532,122],{"class":66},[52,151534,370],{"class":92},[52,151536,127],{"class":66},[52,151538,151539],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151540,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,151542,151543,151545,151547,151549],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,151544,119],{"class":118},[52,151546,122],{"class":66},[52,151548,507],{"class":92},[52,151550,127],{"class":66},[20,151552,2193],{},[43,151554,151555],{"className":45,"code":149502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151556,151557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151558,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151560,122],{"class":66},[52,151562,71],{"class":70},[52,151564,74],{"class":66},[52,151566,77],{"class":70},[52,151568,74],{"class":66},[52,151570,104],{"class":70},[52,151572,127],{"class":66},[20,151574,151575,151576,89],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[30,151577,151579],{"href":151578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1324,151581,151583],{"id":151582},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151585,63645,151586,151588],{},[15,151587,38153],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[43,151590,151592],{"className":45,"code":151591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151593,151594,151630,151644,151648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151595,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151597,13319],{"class":58},[52,151599,63],{"class":62},[52,151601,67],{"class":66},[52,151603,189],{"class":188},[52,151605,7786],{"class":192},[52,151607,189],{"class":188},[52,151609,152],{"class":66},[52,151611,200],{"class":188},[52,151613,12997],{"class":192},[52,151615,189],{"class":188},[52,151617,74],{"class":66},[52,151619,200],{"class":188},[52,151621,9420],{"class":192},[52,151623,189],{"class":188},[52,151625,152],{"class":66},[52,151627,9427],{"class":70},[52,151629,80],{"class":66},[52,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151633,474],{"class":58},[52,151635,63],{"class":62},[52,151637,149289],{"class":3020},[52,151639,122],{"class":66},[52,151641,17421],{"class":92},[52,151643,127],{"class":66},[52,151645,151646],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151647,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,151649,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,151651,119],{"class":118},[52,151653,122],{"class":66},[52,151655,507],{"class":92},[52,151657,127],{"class":66},[20,151659,30140],{},[43,151661,151663],{"className":45,"code":151662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151664,151665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151666,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151668,122],{"class":66},[52,151670,3420],{"class":188},[52,151672,7786],{"class":192},[52,151674,3420],{"class":188},[52,151676,74],{"class":66},[52,151678,3415],{"class":188},[52,151680,9420],{"class":192},[52,151682,3420],{"class":188},[52,151684,127],{"class":66},[38,151686,151688],{"id":151687},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151690,151691],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151693,151694,151697],{},[15,151695,151696],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[43,151699,151701],{"className":45,"code":151700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151702,151703,151739,151743,151757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151704,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151706,13319],{"class":58},[52,151708,63],{"class":62},[52,151710,67],{"class":66},[52,151712,189],{"class":188},[52,151714,7786],{"class":192},[52,151716,189],{"class":188},[52,151718,152],{"class":66},[52,151720,200],{"class":188},[52,151722,12997],{"class":192},[52,151724,189],{"class":188},[52,151726,74],{"class":66},[52,151728,200],{"class":188},[52,151730,9420],{"class":192},[52,151732,189],{"class":188},[52,151734,152],{"class":66},[52,151736,9427],{"class":70},[52,151738,80],{"class":66},[52,151740,151741],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151742,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151746,119],{"class":118},[52,151748,122],{"class":66},[52,151750,49061],{"class":3020},[52,151752,122],{"class":66},[52,151754,17421],{"class":92},[52,151756,2150],{"class":66},[52,151758,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,151760,119],{"class":118},[52,151762,122],{"class":66},[52,151764,49061],{"class":3020},[52,151766,122],{"class":66},[52,151768,17421],{"class":92},[52,151770,89],{"class":66},[52,151772,7928],{"class":92},[52,151774,6410],{"class":66},[20,151776,2193],{},[43,151778,151780],{"className":45,"code":151779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151781,151782,151802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151783,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151785,122],{"class":66},[52,151787,3420],{"class":188},[52,151789,7786],{"class":192},[52,151791,3420],{"class":188},[52,151793,74],{"class":66},[52,151795,3415],{"class":188},[52,151797,9420],{"class":192},[52,151799,3420],{"class":188},[52,151801,127],{"class":66},[52,151803,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151805,5629],{"class":66},[52,151807,3420],{"class":188},[52,151809,7786],{"class":192},[52,151811,3420],{"class":188},[52,151813,74],{"class":66},[52,151815,3415],{"class":188},[52,151817,12997],{"class":192},[52,151819,3420],{"class":188},[52,151821,399],{"class":66},[52,151823,388],{"class":66},[52,151825,3420],{"class":188},[52,151827,9420],{"class":192},[52,151829,3420],{"class":188},[52,151831,74],{"class":66},[52,151833,9427],{"class":70},[52,151835,2150],{"class":66},[20,151837,18806],{},[154,151839,151840,151845],{},[157,151841,151842,151844],{},[15,151843,151696],{}," for keys",[157,151846,151847,32664],{},[15,151848,151849],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151851,151852,151853,89],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[30,151854,63655],{"href":63654},[38,151856,151858],{"id":151857},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151860,151861,18430],{},[15,151862,38153],{},[154,151864,151865,151868,151871,151874],{},[157,151866,151867],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[157,151869,151870],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[157,151872,151873],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[157,151875,151876],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151878,347],{},[43,151880,151882],{"className":45,"code":151881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151883,151884,151903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151885,151886,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151887,151888],{"class":58},"coordinates ",[52,151890,63],{"class":62},[52,151892,149289],{"class":3020},[52,151894,96],{"class":66},[52,151896,391],{"class":70},[52,151898,74],{"class":66},[52,151900,6113],{"class":70},[52,151902,112],{"class":66},[52,151904,151905,151907,151909,151912],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,151906,119],{"class":118},[52,151908,122],{"class":66},[52,151910,151911],{"class":92},"coordinates",[52,151913,127],{"class":66},[20,151915,2193],{},[43,151917,151919],{"className":45,"code":151918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151920,151921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151922,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151924,122],{"class":66},[52,151926,391],{"class":70},[52,151928,74],{"class":66},[52,151930,6113],{"class":70},[52,151932,127],{"class":66},[20,151934,151935],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[154,151937,151938,151940,151943,151946],{},[157,151939,151911],{},[157,151941,151942],{},"RGB colors",[157,151944,151945],{},"dates",[157,151947,151948],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[38,151950,151952],{"id":151951},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151954,44538,151955,10719],{},[15,151956,38153],{},[154,151958,151959,151962,151965],{},[157,151960,151961],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[157,151963,151964],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[157,151966,151967],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151969,116414,151970,151972],{},[984,151971,986],{}," work:",[43,151974,151976],{"className":45,"code":151975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151977,151978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151979,151980,151982,151984,151986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151981,49061],{"class":3020},[52,151983,122],{"class":66},[52,151985,1705],{"class":70},[52,151987,127],{"class":66},[20,151989,151990],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151992,151993],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[38,151995,1527],{"id":1526},[20,151997,151998],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1324,152000,152002],{"id":152001},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152004,1671],{},[43,152006,152007],{"className":45,"code":151975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152008,152009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152010,152011,152013,152015,152017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152012,49061],{"class":3020},[52,152014,122],{"class":66},[52,152016,1705],{"class":70},[52,152018,127],{"class":66},[20,152020,29791],{},[43,152022,152023],{"className":45,"code":63759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152024,152025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152026,152027,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152028,1713],{"class":3020},[52,152030,152],{"class":66},[52,152032,3415],{"class":188},[52,152034,2310],{"class":192},[52,152036,3420],{"class":188},[52,152038,24727],{"class":3020},[52,152040,8216],{"class":62},[52,152042,8219],{"class":62},[52,152044,63782],{"class":58},[20,152046,152047,152048,89],{},"If you see this, read ",[30,152049,62396],{"href":1780},[1324,152051,152053],{"id":152052},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152055,152056],{},"This code:",[43,152058,152060],{"className":45,"code":152059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152061,152062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152063,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152065,49061],{"class":3020},[52,152067,122],{"class":66},[52,152069,189],{"class":188},[52,152071,3964],{"class":192},[52,152073,189],{"class":188},[52,152075,127],{"class":66},[20,152077,152078],{},"returns:",[43,152080,152082],{"className":45,"code":152081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152083,152084],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152085,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152087,122],{"class":66},[52,152089,3420],{"class":188},[52,152091,60547],{"class":192},[52,152093,3420],{"class":188},[52,152095,74],{"class":66},[52,152097,3415],{"class":188},[52,152099,60556],{"class":192},[52,152101,3420],{"class":188},[52,152103,74],{"class":66},[52,152105,3415],{"class":188},[52,152107,60565],{"class":192},[52,152109,3420],{"class":188},[52,152111,74],{"class":66},[52,152113,3415],{"class":188},[52,152115,60565],{"class":192},[52,152117,3420],{"class":188},[52,152119,74],{"class":66},[52,152121,3415],{"class":188},[52,152123,60582],{"class":192},[52,152125,3420],{"class":188},[52,152127,127],{"class":66},[20,152129,41013,152130,152132],{},[984,152131,986],{}," return:",[43,152134,152136],{"className":45,"code":152135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('hello',)\n",[15,152137,152138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152139,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152141,122],{"class":66},[52,152143,3420],{"class":188},[52,152145,3964],{"class":192},[52,152147,3420],{"class":188},[52,152149,149279],{"class":66},[20,152151,152152],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[43,152154,152156],{"className":45,"code":152155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152157,152158,152175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152159,152160,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152161,152162],{"class":58},"single ",[52,152164,63],{"class":62},[52,152166,388],{"class":66},[52,152168,189],{"class":188},[52,152170,3964],{"class":192},[52,152172,189],{"class":188},[52,152174,149279],{"class":66},[52,152176,152177,152179,152181,152184],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,152178,119],{"class":118},[52,152180,122],{"class":66},[52,152182,152183],{"class":92},"single",[52,152185,127],{"class":66},[1324,152187,152189],{"id":152188},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152191,152056],{},[43,152193,152195],{"className":45,"code":152194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152196,152197,152229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152198,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152200,9288],{"class":58},[52,152202,63],{"class":62},[52,152204,67],{"class":66},[52,152206,189],{"class":188},[52,152208,30],{"class":192},[52,152210,189],{"class":188},[52,152212,152],{"class":66},[52,152214,5616],{"class":70},[52,152216,74],{"class":66},[52,152218,200],{"class":188},[52,152220,1393],{"class":192},[52,152222,189],{"class":188},[52,152224,152],{"class":66},[52,152226,77],{"class":70},[52,152228,80],{"class":66},[52,152230,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,152232,119],{"class":118},[52,152234,122],{"class":66},[52,152236,49061],{"class":3020},[52,152238,122],{"class":66},[52,152240,9327],{"class":92},[52,152242,2150],{"class":66},[20,152244,152245],{},"returns only the keys:",[43,152247,152249],{"className":45,"code":152248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152250,152251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152252,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152254,122],{"class":66},[52,152256,3420],{"class":188},[52,152258,30],{"class":192},[52,152260,3420],{"class":188},[52,152262,74],{"class":66},[52,152264,3415],{"class":188},[52,152266,1393],{"class":192},[52,152268,3420],{"class":188},[52,152270,127],{"class":66},[20,152272,152273],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[43,152275,152277],{"className":45,"code":152276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152278,152279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152280,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152282,119],{"class":118},[52,152284,122],{"class":66},[52,152286,49061],{"class":3020},[52,152288,122],{"class":66},[52,152290,9327],{"class":92},[52,152292,89],{"class":66},[52,152294,7928],{"class":92},[52,152296,6410],{"class":66},[1324,152298,152300],{"id":152299},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152302,152303,152304,152306],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152305,38153],{}," conversion.",[20,152308,5590],{},[43,152310,152312],{"className":45,"code":152311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152313,152314,152334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152315,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330,152332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152317,2568],{"class":58},[52,152319,63],{"class":62},[52,152321,388],{"class":66},[52,152323,71],{"class":70},[52,152325,74],{"class":66},[52,152327,77],{"class":70},[52,152329,74],{"class":66},[52,152331,104],{"class":70},[52,152333,127],{"class":66},[52,152335,152336,152338,152340,152342],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,152337,119],{"class":118},[52,152339,122],{"class":66},[52,152341,2593],{"class":92},[52,152343,127],{"class":66},[20,152345,152346],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152348,25616,152349,152351],{},[15,152350,38153],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[38,152353,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,152355,152357],{"id":152356},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152359,152360],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1324,152362,152364],{"id":152363},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152366,152367,152368,89],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152369,7483],{},[1324,152371,152373],{"id":152372},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152375,152376],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1324,152378,152380],{"id":152379},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152382,152383],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1324,152385,152387],{"id":152386},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152389,152390,152391,89],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152392,1713],{},[38,152394,1996],{"id":1995},[154,152396,152397,152401,152405,152409,152413,152417],{},[157,152398,152399],{},[30,152400,147923],{"href":147922},[157,152402,152403],{},[30,152404,150850],{"href":149226},[157,152406,152407],{},[30,152408,105130],{"href":60164},[157,152410,152411],{},[30,152412,151579],{"href":151578},[157,152414,152415],{},[30,152416,63655],{"href":63654},[157,152418,152419],{},[30,152420,62396],{"href":1780},[2044,152422,152423],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":152425},[152426,152427,152428,152429,152430,152437,152438,152439,152440,152446,152453],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":151053,"depth":83,"text":151054},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":149599,"depth":83,"text":149600},{"id":151222,"depth":83,"text":151223,"children":152431},[152432,152433,152434,152435,152436],{"id":151226,"depth":115,"text":151227},{"id":151314,"depth":115,"text":151315},{"id":151413,"depth":115,"text":151414},{"id":151493,"depth":115,"text":151494},{"id":151582,"depth":115,"text":151583},{"id":151687,"depth":83,"text":151688},{"id":151857,"depth":83,"text":151858},{"id":151951,"depth":83,"text":151952},{"id":1526,"depth":83,"text":1527,"children":152441},[152442,152443,152444,152445],{"id":152001,"depth":115,"text":152002},{"id":152052,"depth":115,"text":152053},{"id":152188,"depth":115,"text":152189},{"id":152299,"depth":115,"text":152300},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":152447},[152448,152449,152450,152451,152452],{"id":152356,"depth":115,"text":152357},{"id":152363,"depth":115,"text":152364},{"id":152372,"depth":115,"text":152373},{"id":152379,"depth":115,"text":152380},{"id":152386,"depth":115,"text":152387},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150908,"description":152454},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152461,"title":152462,"body":152463,"description":153876,"extension":2083,"meta":153877,"navigation":240,"path":153878,"seo":153879,"stem":153880,"__hash__":153881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152464,"toc":153848},[152465,152470,152475,152478,152480,152559,152565,152570,152574,152589,152591,152638,152640,152648,152656,152662,152664,152669,152689,152692,152719,152721,152745,152747,152889,152891,152895,152903,152906,152908,152985,152987,152995,152999,153003,153013,153023,153025,153030,153032,153091,153096,153098,153198,153200,153214,153219,153225,153232,153235,153237,153347,153351,153368,153370,153433,153435,153443,153455,153459,153464,153492,153495,153577,153579,153590,153592,153596,153623,153625,153627,153707,153715,153717,153772,153774,153779,153782,153786,153790,153792,153796,153800,153808,153815,153818,153820,153845],[10,152466,147807,152468,18],{"id":152467},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152469,59076],{},[20,152471,152472,152474],{},[15,152473,149128],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152476,152477],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[38,152479,2125],{"id":2124},[43,152481,152483],{"className":45,"code":152482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152484,152485,152525,152547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152486,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152488,181],{"class":58},[52,152490,63],{"class":62},[52,152492,388],{"class":66},[52,152494,189],{"class":188},[52,152496,193],{"class":192},[52,152498,189],{"class":188},[52,152500,74],{"class":66},[52,152502,200],{"class":188},[52,152504,203],{"class":192},[52,152506,189],{"class":188},[52,152508,74],{"class":66},[52,152510,200],{"class":188},[52,152512,231],{"class":192},[52,152514,189],{"class":188},[52,152516,74],{"class":66},[52,152518,200],{"class":188},[52,152520,203],{"class":192},[52,152522,189],{"class":188},[52,152524,127],{"class":66},[52,152526,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,152528,65024],{"class":58},[52,152530,63],{"class":62},[52,152532,13238],{"class":58},[52,152534,89],{"class":66},[52,152536,35955],{"class":92},[52,152538,122],{"class":66},[52,152540,189],{"class":188},[52,152542,203],{"class":192},[52,152544,189],{"class":188},[52,152546,127],{"class":66},[52,152548,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,152550,119],{"class":118},[52,152552,122],{"class":66},[52,152554,65051],{"class":92},[52,152556,3782],{"class":66},[52,152558,27890],{"class":133},[20,152560,152561,152564],{},[15,152562,152563],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[38,152566,144,152568,147],{"id":152567},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152569,149128],{},[20,152571,2100,152572,11530],{},[15,152573,59076],{},[154,152575,152576,152579,152581,152584],{},[157,152577,152578],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[157,152580,128405],{},[157,152582,152583],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[157,152585,152586,152587],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152588,2243],{},[20,152590,347],{},[43,152592,152594],{"className":45,"code":152593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152595,152596,152620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152597,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152599,59],{"class":58},[52,152601,63],{"class":62},[52,152603,388],{"class":66},[52,152605,2452],{"class":70},[52,152607,74],{"class":66},[52,152609,7908],{"class":70},[52,152611,74],{"class":66},[52,152613,7913],{"class":70},[52,152615,74],{"class":66},[52,152617,7908],{"class":70},[52,152619,127],{"class":66},[52,152621,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,152623,119],{"class":118},[52,152625,122],{"class":66},[52,152627,86],{"class":92},[52,152629,89],{"class":66},[52,152631,35955],{"class":92},[52,152633,122],{"class":66},[52,152635,15867],{"class":70},[52,152637,2150],{"class":66},[20,152639,2193],{},[43,152641,152642],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152643,152644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152645,152646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152647,47024],{"class":70},[20,152649,260,152650,152652,152653,152655],{},[15,152651,15867],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152654,59076],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152657,151074,152658,89],{},[30,152659,152661],{"href":152660},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[38,152663,268],{"id":267},[20,152665,692,152666,152668],{},[15,152667,59076],{}," in two ways:",[43,152670,152672],{"className":45,"code":152671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152673,152674],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152675,152676,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152677,152678],{"class":58},"tuple_name",[52,152680,89],{"class":66},[52,152682,35955],{"class":92},[52,152684,122],{"class":66},[52,152686,2593],{"class":92},[52,152688,127],{"class":66},[20,152690,152691],{},"or:",[43,152693,152695],{"className":45,"code":152694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152696,152697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152698,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152700,152678],{"class":58},[52,152702,89],{"class":66},[52,152704,35955],{"class":92},[52,152706,122],{"class":66},[52,152708,2593],{"class":92},[52,152710,74],{"class":66},[52,152712,36161],{"class":92},[52,152714,74],{"class":66},[52,152716,65145],{"class":92},[52,152718,127],{"class":66},[1324,152720,17509],{"id":17508},[154,152722,152723,152728,152733,152738],{},[157,152724,152725,152727],{},[15,152726,2593],{}," — the item to search for",[157,152729,152730,152732],{},[15,152731,36182],{}," — optional starting position",[157,152734,152735,152737],{},[15,152736,52769],{}," — optional ending position",[157,152739,152740,4900,152742,152744],{},[15,152741,52769],{},[984,152743,65174],{}," in the search",[20,152746,347],{},[43,152748,152750],{"className":45,"code":152749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152751,152752,152800,152804,152829,152857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152753,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152755,921],{"class":58},[52,152757,63],{"class":62},[52,152759,388],{"class":66},[52,152761,189],{"class":188},[52,152763,30],{"class":192},[52,152765,189],{"class":188},[52,152767,74],{"class":66},[52,152769,200],{"class":188},[52,152771,1393],{"class":192},[52,152773,189],{"class":188},[52,152775,74],{"class":66},[52,152777,200],{"class":188},[52,152779,1491],{"class":192},[52,152781,189],{"class":188},[52,152783,74],{"class":66},[52,152785,200],{"class":188},[52,152787,1393],{"class":192},[52,152789,189],{"class":188},[52,152791,74],{"class":66},[52,152793,200],{"class":188},[52,152795,18879],{"class":192},[52,152797,189],{"class":188},[52,152799,127],{"class":66},[52,152801,152802],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,152803,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,152805,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,152807,119],{"class":118},[52,152809,122],{"class":66},[52,152811,939],{"class":92},[52,152813,89],{"class":66},[52,152815,35955],{"class":92},[52,152817,122],{"class":66},[52,152819,189],{"class":188},[52,152821,1393],{"class":192},[52,152823,189],{"class":188},[52,152825,5479],{"class":66},[52,152827,152828],{"class":133},"        # 1\n",[52,152830,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,152832,119],{"class":118},[52,152834,122],{"class":66},[52,152836,939],{"class":92},[52,152838,89],{"class":66},[52,152840,35955],{"class":92},[52,152842,122],{"class":66},[52,152844,189],{"class":188},[52,152846,1393],{"class":192},[52,152848,189],{"class":188},[52,152850,74],{"class":66},[52,152852,77],{"class":70},[52,152854,5479],{"class":66},[52,152856,51027],{"class":133},[52,152858,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,152860,119],{"class":118},[52,152862,122],{"class":66},[52,152864,939],{"class":92},[52,152866,89],{"class":66},[52,152868,35955],{"class":92},[52,152870,122],{"class":66},[52,152872,189],{"class":188},[52,152874,1393],{"class":192},[52,152876,189],{"class":188},[52,152878,74],{"class":66},[52,152880,5616],{"class":70},[52,152882,74],{"class":66},[52,152884,104],{"class":70},[52,152886,5479],{"class":66},[52,152888,27890],{"class":133},[38,152890,103457],{"id":103456},[20,152892,152893,25619],{},[15,152894,149128],{},[154,152896,152897,152900],{},[157,152898,152899],{},"An integer",[157,152901,152902],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152904,152905],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152907,347],{},[43,152909,152911],{"className":45,"code":152910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152912,152913,152953,152975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152914,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152916,108554],{"class":58},[52,152918,63],{"class":62},[52,152920,388],{"class":66},[52,152922,189],{"class":188},[52,152924,950],{"class":192},[52,152926,189],{"class":188},[52,152928,74],{"class":66},[52,152930,200],{"class":188},[52,152932,1034],{"class":192},[52,152934,189],{"class":188},[52,152936,74],{"class":66},[52,152938,200],{"class":188},[52,152940,58252],{"class":192},[52,152942,189],{"class":188},[52,152944,74],{"class":66},[52,152946,200],{"class":188},[52,152948,1034],{"class":192},[52,152950,189],{"class":188},[52,152952,127],{"class":66},[52,152954,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,152956,474],{"class":58},[52,152958,63],{"class":62},[52,152960,108597],{"class":58},[52,152962,89],{"class":66},[52,152964,35955],{"class":92},[52,152966,122],{"class":66},[52,152968,189],{"class":188},[52,152970,1034],{"class":192},[52,152972,189],{"class":188},[52,152974,127],{"class":66},[52,152976,152977,152979,152981,152983],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,152978,119],{"class":118},[52,152980,122],{"class":66},[52,152982,507],{"class":92},[52,152984,127],{"class":66},[20,152986,2193],{},[43,152988,152989],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152990,152991],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152992,152993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152994,47024],{"class":70},[38,152996,152998],{"id":152997},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153000,137,153001,10719],{},[15,153002,149128],{},[154,153004,153005,153007,153010],{},[157,153006,66203],{},[157,153008,153009],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[157,153011,153012],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153014,153015,153016,153019,153020,89],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153017,153018],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[30,153021,149596],{"href":153022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[38,153024,65735],{"id":65734},[20,153026,153027,153028,89],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153029,40811],{},[20,153031,347],{},[43,153033,153035],{"className":45,"code":153034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153036,153037,153069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153038,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153040,181],{"class":58},[52,153042,63],{"class":62},[52,153044,388],{"class":66},[52,153046,189],{"class":188},[52,153048,193],{"class":192},[52,153050,189],{"class":188},[52,153052,74],{"class":66},[52,153054,200],{"class":188},[52,153056,203],{"class":192},[52,153058,189],{"class":188},[52,153060,74],{"class":66},[52,153062,200],{"class":188},[52,153064,231],{"class":192},[52,153066,189],{"class":188},[52,153068,127],{"class":66},[52,153070,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153072,119],{"class":118},[52,153074,122],{"class":66},[52,153076,212],{"class":92},[52,153078,89],{"class":66},[52,153080,35955],{"class":92},[52,153082,122],{"class":66},[52,153084,189],{"class":188},[52,153086,22633],{"class":192},[52,153088,189],{"class":188},[52,153090,2150],{"class":66},[20,153092,39760,153093,153095],{},[15,153094,109879],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153097,65810],{},[43,153099,153101],{"className":45,"code":153100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153102,153103,153135,153139,153155,153177,153183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153104,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153106,181],{"class":58},[52,153108,63],{"class":62},[52,153110,388],{"class":66},[52,153112,189],{"class":188},[52,153114,193],{"class":192},[52,153116,189],{"class":188},[52,153118,74],{"class":66},[52,153120,200],{"class":188},[52,153122,203],{"class":192},[52,153124,189],{"class":188},[52,153126,74],{"class":66},[52,153128,200],{"class":188},[52,153130,231],{"class":192},[52,153132,189],{"class":188},[52,153134,127],{"class":66},[52,153136,153137],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153138,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,153140,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153142,7115],{"class":3996},[52,153144,200],{"class":188},[52,153146,22633],{"class":192},[52,153148,189],{"class":188},[52,153150,21284],{"class":62},[52,153152,13238],{"class":58},[52,153154,6514],{"class":66},[52,153156,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,153158,8188],{"class":118},[52,153160,122],{"class":66},[52,153162,212],{"class":92},[52,153164,89],{"class":66},[52,153166,35955],{"class":92},[52,153168,122],{"class":66},[52,153170,189],{"class":188},[52,153172,22633],{"class":192},[52,153174,189],{"class":188},[52,153176,2150],{"class":66},[52,153178,153179,153181],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,153180,27544],{"class":3996},[52,153182,6514],{"class":66},[52,153184,153185,153187,153189,153191,153194,153196],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,153186,8188],{"class":118},[52,153188,122],{"class":66},[52,153190,189],{"class":188},[52,153192,153193],{"class":192},"Value not found",[52,153195,189],{"class":188},[52,153197,127],{"class":66},[20,153199,2193],{},[43,153201,153203],{"className":45,"code":153202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Value not found\n",[15,153204,153205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153206,153207,153210,153212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153208,153209],{"class":58},"Value ",[52,153211,986],{"class":62},[52,153213,65934],{"class":58},[20,153215,153216,153217,89],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[30,153218,65944],{"href":65943},[38,153220,8538,153221,668,153223],{"id":65511},[15,153222,36182],{},[15,153224,52769],{},[20,153226,2100,153227,668,153229,153231],{},[15,153228,36182],{},[15,153230,52769],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153233,153234],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153236,347],{},[43,153238,153240],{"className":45,"code":153239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153241,153242,153270,153274,153295,153319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153243,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153245,357],{"class":58},[52,153247,63],{"class":62},[52,153249,388],{"class":66},[52,153251,1705],{"class":70},[52,153253,74],{"class":66},[52,153255,6124],{"class":70},[52,153257,74],{"class":66},[52,153259,396],{"class":70},[52,153261,74],{"class":66},[52,153263,7908],{"class":70},[52,153265,74],{"class":66},[52,153267,396],{"class":70},[52,153269,127],{"class":66},[52,153271,153272],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153273,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,153275,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153277,119],{"class":118},[52,153279,122],{"class":66},[52,153281,370],{"class":92},[52,153283,89],{"class":66},[52,153285,35955],{"class":92},[52,153287,122],{"class":66},[52,153289,1705],{"class":70},[52,153291,5479],{"class":66},[52,153293,153294],{"class":133},"        # 0\n",[52,153296,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,153298,119],{"class":118},[52,153300,122],{"class":66},[52,153302,370],{"class":92},[52,153304,89],{"class":66},[52,153306,35955],{"class":92},[52,153308,122],{"class":66},[52,153310,1705],{"class":70},[52,153312,74],{"class":66},[52,153314,5616],{"class":70},[52,153316,5479],{"class":66},[52,153318,51061],{"class":133},[52,153320,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,153322,119],{"class":118},[52,153324,122],{"class":66},[52,153326,370],{"class":92},[52,153328,89],{"class":66},[52,153330,35955],{"class":92},[52,153332,122],{"class":66},[52,153334,1705],{"class":70},[52,153336,74],{"class":66},[52,153338,104],{"class":70},[52,153340,74],{"class":66},[52,153342,396],{"class":70},[52,153344,5479],{"class":66},[52,153346,51044],{"class":133},[1324,153348,153350],{"id":153349},"how-it-works","How it works",[154,153352,153353,153358,153363],{},[157,153354,153355,153357],{},[15,153356,36182],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[157,153359,153360,153362],{},[15,153361,52769],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[157,153364,2100,153365,153367],{},[15,153366,52769],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153369,347],{},[43,153371,153373],{"className":45,"code":153372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153374,153375,153403,153407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153376,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399,153401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153378,357],{"class":58},[52,153380,63],{"class":62},[52,153382,388],{"class":66},[52,153384,1705],{"class":70},[52,153386,74],{"class":66},[52,153388,6124],{"class":70},[52,153390,74],{"class":66},[52,153392,396],{"class":70},[52,153394,74],{"class":66},[52,153396,7908],{"class":70},[52,153398,74],{"class":66},[52,153400,396],{"class":70},[52,153402,127],{"class":66},[52,153404,153405],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153406,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,153408,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153410,119],{"class":118},[52,153412,122],{"class":66},[52,153414,370],{"class":92},[52,153416,89],{"class":66},[52,153418,35955],{"class":92},[52,153420,122],{"class":66},[52,153422,1705],{"class":70},[52,153424,74],{"class":66},[52,153426,5616],{"class":70},[52,153428,74],{"class":66},[52,153430,109],{"class":70},[52,153432,2150],{"class":66},[20,153434,2193],{},[43,153436,153437],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,153438,153439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153440,153441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153442,17170],{"class":70},[20,153444,153445,153446,2311,153448,17186,153450,153452,153453,89],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153447,71],{},[15,153449,99],{},[15,153451,488],{},", but not ",[15,153454,391],{},[38,153456,153458],{"id":153457},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153460,153461,153462,152],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153463,149128],{},[154,153465,153466,153474,153479,153486],{},[157,153467,153468,153469,153471,153472],{},"Do not confuse the ",[984,153470,2593],{}," with the ",[984,153473,35955],{},[157,153475,153476,153477],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153478,2243],{},[157,153480,137,153481,153485],{},[30,153482,149154,153483,10859],{"href":149206},[15,153484,57399],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[157,153487,153488,153489,153491],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153490,153018],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153493,153494],{},"Example of value vs index:",[43,153496,153498],{"className":45,"code":153497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153499,153500,153532,153536,153560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153501,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153503,1116],{"class":58},[52,153505,63],{"class":62},[52,153507,388],{"class":66},[52,153509,189],{"class":188},[52,153511,1125],{"class":192},[52,153513,189],{"class":188},[52,153515,74],{"class":66},[52,153517,200],{"class":188},[52,153519,1145],{"class":192},[52,153521,189],{"class":188},[52,153523,74],{"class":66},[52,153525,200],{"class":188},[52,153527,1216],{"class":192},[52,153529,189],{"class":188},[52,153531,127],{"class":66},[52,153533,153534],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153535,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,153537,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153539,119],{"class":118},[52,153541,122],{"class":66},[52,153543,1134],{"class":92},[52,153545,89],{"class":66},[52,153547,35955],{"class":92},[52,153549,122],{"class":66},[52,153551,189],{"class":188},[52,153553,1145],{"class":192},[52,153555,189],{"class":188},[52,153557,5479],{"class":66},[52,153559,27890],{"class":133},[52,153561,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,153563,119],{"class":118},[52,153565,122],{"class":66},[52,153567,1134],{"class":92},[52,153569,4020],{"class":66},[52,153571,71],{"class":70},[52,153573,20557],{"class":66},[52,153575,153576],{"class":133},"               # banana\n",[20,153578,2300],{},[154,153580,153581,153585],{},[157,153582,153583,15361],{},[15,153584,65379],{},[157,153586,153587,153589],{},[15,153588,71],{}," is the index",[38,153591,2948],{"id":2947},[20,153593,106195,153594,152],{},[15,153595,149128],{},[154,153597,153598,153601,153606,153611,153618],{},[157,153599,153600],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[157,153602,8574,153603,153605],{},[15,153604,59076],{}," to return all matching positions",[157,153607,153608,153609],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153610,2243],{},[157,153612,153613,153614,668,153616],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153615,36182],{},[15,153617,52769],{},[157,153619,37310,153620,153622],{},[15,153621,149128],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1324,153624,60819],{"id":60818},[20,153626,94480],{},[43,153628,153630],{"className":45,"code":153629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153631,153632,153642,153656,153671,153689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153633,153634,153636,153638,153640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153635,119],{"class":118},[52,153637,122],{"class":66},[52,153639,147941],{"class":92},[52,153641,127],{"class":66},[52,153643,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153645,119],{"class":118},[52,153647,122],{"class":66},[52,153649,11279],{"class":118},[52,153651,122],{"class":66},[52,153653,147941],{"class":92},[52,153655,2150],{"class":66},[52,153657,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153669],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153659,119],{"class":118},[52,153661,122],{"class":66},[52,153663,2568],{"class":92},[52,153665,4003],{"class":3996},[52,153667,153668],{"class":92}," my_tuple",[52,153670,127],{"class":66},[52,153672,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,153674,119],{"class":118},[52,153676,122],{"class":66},[52,153678,147941],{"class":92},[52,153680,89],{"class":66},[52,153682,41367],{"class":92},[52,153684,122],{"class":66},[52,153686,2593],{"class":92},[52,153688,2150],{"class":66},[52,153690,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,153692,119],{"class":118},[52,153694,122],{"class":66},[52,153696,147941],{"class":92},[52,153698,89],{"class":66},[52,153700,35955],{"class":92},[52,153702,122],{"class":66},[52,153704,2593],{"class":92},[52,153706,2150],{"class":66},[20,153708,153709,153710,84497,153712,153714],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153711,40811],{},[15,153713,2593],{}," is missing.",[20,153716,129558],{},[43,153718,153720],{"className":45,"code":153719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153721,153722,153734,153752,153758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153723,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153725,7115],{"class":3996},[52,153727,21695],{"class":58},[52,153729,4003],{"class":62},[52,153731,153668],{"class":58},[52,153733,6514],{"class":66},[52,153735,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153737,8188],{"class":118},[52,153739,122],{"class":66},[52,153741,147941],{"class":92},[52,153743,89],{"class":66},[52,153745,35955],{"class":92},[52,153747,122],{"class":66},[52,153749,2593],{"class":92},[52,153751,2150],{"class":66},[52,153753,153754,153756],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153755,27544],{"class":3996},[52,153757,6514],{"class":66},[52,153759,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,153761,8188],{"class":118},[52,153763,122],{"class":66},[52,153765,189],{"class":188},[52,153767,153193],{"class":192},[52,153769,189],{"class":188},[52,153771,127],{"class":66},[38,153773,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,153775,5260,153777,12832],{"id":153776},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153778,149128],{},[20,153780,153781],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1324,153783,153785],{"id":153784},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153787,153788,152655],{},[15,153789,149128],{},[1324,153791,149107],{"id":149106},[20,153793,76962,153794,89],{},[15,153795,40811],{},[1324,153797,153799],{"id":153798},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153801,153802,153803,668,153805,153807],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153804,36182],{},[15,153806,52769],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1324,153809,15018,153811,57314,153813,1964],{"id":153810},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153812,149128],{},[15,153814,64970],{},[20,153816,153817],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[38,153819,1996],{"id":1995},[154,153821,153822,153828,153832,153837,153841],{},[157,153823,153824],{},[30,153825,149154,153826,10859],{"href":149206},[15,153827,57399],{},[157,153829,153830],{},[30,153831,149596],{"href":153022},[157,153833,153834],{},[30,153835,153836],{"href":150902},"Creating a tuple in Python",[157,153838,153839],{},[30,153840,65944],{"href":65943},[157,153842,153843],{},[30,153844,150850],{"href":152660},[2044,153846,153847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":153849},[153850,153851,153853,153856,153857,153858,153859,153862,153863,153866,153875],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":152567,"depth":83,"text":153852},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268,"children":153854},[153855],{"id":17508,"depth":115,"text":17509},{"id":103456,"depth":83,"text":103457},{"id":152997,"depth":83,"text":152998},{"id":65734,"depth":83,"text":65735},{"id":65511,"depth":83,"text":66294,"children":153860},[153861],{"id":153349,"depth":115,"text":153350},{"id":153457,"depth":83,"text":153458},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948,"children":153864},[153865],{"id":60818,"depth":115,"text":60819},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":153867},[153868,153870,153871,153872,153873],{"id":153776,"depth":115,"text":153869},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153784,"depth":115,"text":153785},{"id":149106,"depth":115,"text":149107},{"id":153798,"depth":115,"text":153799},{"id":153810,"depth":115,"text":153874},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152462,"description":153876},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153883,"title":153884,"body":153885,"description":155280,"extension":2083,"meta":155281,"navigation":240,"path":153022,"seo":155282,"stem":155283,"__hash__":155284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153886,"toc":155262},[153887,153890,153893,153896,153910,153912,153915,154009,154019,154025,154029,154032,154035,154037,154055,154057,154128,154130,154147,154151,154155,154158,154175,154178,154193,154195,154286,154289,154293,154296,154313,154315,154410,154413,154416,154420,154423,154517,154519,154538,154541,154545,154548,154550,154605,154607,154642,154645,154659,154667,154760,154769,154773,154776,154783,154786,154833,154835,154843,154846,154897,154899,154916,154921,154925,154928,154931,154933,154984,154987,155042,155045,155048,155050,155053,155073,155075,155148,155151,155164,155166,155170,155175,155179,155184,155201,155205,155208,155225,155229,155232,155234,155259],[10,153888,153884],{"id":153889},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153891,153892],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153894,153895],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[154,153897,153898,153901,153904,153907],{},[157,153899,153900],{},"positive indexes",[157,153902,153903],{},"negative indexes",[157,153905,153906],{},"common indexing mistakes",[157,153908,153909],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[38,153911,41],{"id":40},[20,153913,153914],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[43,153916,153918],{"className":45,"code":153917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153919,153920,153952,153956,153973,153990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153921,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944,153946,153948,153950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153923,181],{"class":58},[52,153925,63],{"class":62},[52,153927,388],{"class":66},[52,153929,189],{"class":188},[52,153931,193],{"class":192},[52,153933,189],{"class":188},[52,153935,74],{"class":66},[52,153937,200],{"class":188},[52,153939,231],{"class":192},[52,153941,189],{"class":188},[52,153943,74],{"class":66},[52,153945,200],{"class":188},[52,153947,203],{"class":192},[52,153949,189],{"class":188},[52,153951,127],{"class":66},[52,153953,153954],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,153955,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,153957,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153959,119],{"class":118},[52,153961,122],{"class":66},[52,153963,212],{"class":92},[52,153965,4020],{"class":66},[52,153967,2243],{"class":70},[52,153969,20557],{"class":66},[52,153971,153972],{"class":133},"   # red\n",[52,153974,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,153976,119],{"class":118},[52,153978,122],{"class":66},[52,153980,212],{"class":92},[52,153982,4020],{"class":66},[52,153984,71],{"class":70},[52,153986,20557],{"class":66},[52,153988,153989],{"class":133},"   # green\n",[52,153991,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,153993,119],{"class":118},[52,153995,122],{"class":66},[52,153997,212],{"class":92},[52,153999,4020],{"class":66},[52,154001,2144],{"class":62},[52,154003,71],{"class":70},[52,154005,20557],{"class":66},[52,154007,154008],{"class":133},"  # blue\n",[154,154010,154011,154016],{},[157,154012,132347,154013,154015],{},[15,154014,2243],{}," is the first item.",[157,154017,154018],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154020,154021,154022,89],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[30,154023,154024],{"href":147926},"how to create a tuple in Python",[38,154026,154028],{"id":154027},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154030,154031],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154033,154034],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154036,11575],{},[154,154038,154039,154042,154049,154052],{},[157,154040,154041],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[157,154043,154044,154045,19075,154047],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154046,2243],{},[15,154048,71],{},[157,154050,154051],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[157,154053,154054],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154056,347],{},[43,154058,154060],{"className":45,"code":154059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154061,154062,154082,154086,154100,154114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154063,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154065,59],{"class":58},[52,154067,63],{"class":62},[52,154069,388],{"class":66},[52,154071,2452],{"class":70},[52,154073,74],{"class":66},[52,154075,7908],{"class":70},[52,154077,74],{"class":66},[52,154079,7913],{"class":70},[52,154081,127],{"class":66},[52,154083,154084],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154085,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154087,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154089,119],{"class":118},[52,154091,122],{"class":66},[52,154093,86],{"class":92},[52,154095,4020],{"class":66},[52,154097,2243],{"class":70},[52,154099,112],{"class":66},[52,154101,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,154103,119],{"class":118},[52,154105,122],{"class":66},[52,154107,86],{"class":92},[52,154109,4020],{"class":66},[52,154111,71],{"class":70},[52,154113,112],{"class":66},[52,154115,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,154117,119],{"class":118},[52,154119,122],{"class":66},[52,154121,86],{"class":92},[52,154123,4020],{"class":66},[52,154125,99],{"class":70},[52,154127,112],{"class":66},[20,154129,2193],{},[43,154131,154133],{"className":45,"code":154132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154134,154135,154139,154143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154136,154137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154138,2498],{"class":70},[52,154140,154141],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154142,71328],{"class":70},[52,154144,154145],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154146,69944],{"class":70},[20,154148,59501,154149,89],{},[30,154150,147923],{"href":147922},[38,154152,154154],{"id":154153},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154156,154157],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[154,154159,154160,154165,154170],{},[157,154161,154162,154164],{},[15,154163,2243],{}," = first item",[157,154166,154167,154169],{},[15,154168,71],{}," = second item",[157,154171,154172,154174],{},[15,154173,99],{}," = third item",[20,154176,154177],{},"Pattern:",[43,154179,154181],{"className":45,"code":154180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154182,154183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154184,154185,154187,154189,154191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154186,152678],{"class":58},[52,154188,4020],{"class":66},[52,154190,35955],{"class":58},[52,154192,3756],{"class":66},[20,154194,347],{},[43,154196,154198],{"className":45,"code":154197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154199,154200,154232,154236,154253,154269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154203,1116],{"class":58},[52,154205,63],{"class":62},[52,154207,388],{"class":66},[52,154209,189],{"class":188},[52,154211,1125],{"class":192},[52,154213,189],{"class":188},[52,154215,74],{"class":66},[52,154217,200],{"class":188},[52,154219,1145],{"class":192},[52,154221,189],{"class":188},[52,154223,74],{"class":66},[52,154225,200],{"class":188},[52,154227,4215],{"class":192},[52,154229,189],{"class":188},[52,154231,127],{"class":66},[52,154233,154234],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154235,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154237,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154239,119],{"class":118},[52,154241,122],{"class":66},[52,154243,1134],{"class":92},[52,154245,4020],{"class":66},[52,154247,2243],{"class":70},[52,154249,20557],{"class":66},[52,154251,154252],{"class":133},"  # apple\n",[52,154254,154255,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,154256,119],{"class":118},[52,154258,122],{"class":66},[52,154260,1134],{"class":92},[52,154262,4020],{"class":66},[52,154264,71],{"class":70},[52,154266,20557],{"class":66},[52,154268,51595],{"class":133},[52,154270,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,154272,119],{"class":118},[52,154274,122],{"class":66},[52,154276,1134],{"class":92},[52,154278,4020],{"class":66},[52,154280,99],{"class":70},[52,154282,20557],{"class":66},[52,154284,154285],{"class":133},"  # cherry\n",[20,154287,154288],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[38,154290,154292],{"id":154291},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154294,154295],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[154,154297,154298,154303,154308],{},[157,154299,154300,154302],{},[15,154301,65959],{}," = last item",[157,154304,154305,154307],{},[15,154306,95510],{}," = second-to-last item",[157,154309,154310,154312],{},[15,154311,47778],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154314,347],{},[43,154316,154318],{"className":45,"code":154317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154319,154320,154352,154356,154374,154392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154321,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154323,1116],{"class":58},[52,154325,63],{"class":62},[52,154327,388],{"class":66},[52,154329,189],{"class":188},[52,154331,1125],{"class":192},[52,154333,189],{"class":188},[52,154335,74],{"class":66},[52,154337,200],{"class":188},[52,154339,1145],{"class":192},[52,154341,189],{"class":188},[52,154343,74],{"class":66},[52,154345,200],{"class":188},[52,154347,4215],{"class":192},[52,154349,189],{"class":188},[52,154351,127],{"class":66},[52,154353,154354],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154355,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154357,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154359,119],{"class":118},[52,154361,122],{"class":66},[52,154363,1134],{"class":92},[52,154365,4020],{"class":66},[52,154367,2144],{"class":62},[52,154369,71],{"class":70},[52,154371,20557],{"class":66},[52,154373,154285],{"class":133},[52,154375,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,154377,119],{"class":118},[52,154379,122],{"class":66},[52,154381,1134],{"class":92},[52,154383,4020],{"class":66},[52,154385,2144],{"class":62},[52,154387,99],{"class":70},[52,154389,20557],{"class":66},[52,154391,51595],{"class":133},[52,154393,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,154395,119],{"class":118},[52,154397,122],{"class":66},[52,154399,1134],{"class":92},[52,154401,4020],{"class":66},[52,154403,2144],{"class":62},[52,154405,488],{"class":70},[52,154407,20557],{"class":66},[52,154409,154252],{"class":133},[20,154411,154412],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154414,154415],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[38,154417,154419],{"id":154418},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154421,154422],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[43,154424,154426],{"className":45,"code":154425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154427,154428,154460,154464,154481,154498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154429,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154431,5112],{"class":58},[52,154433,63],{"class":62},[52,154435,388],{"class":66},[52,154437,189],{"class":188},[52,154439,12997],{"class":192},[52,154441,189],{"class":188},[52,154443,74],{"class":66},[52,154445,200],{"class":188},[52,154447,36050],{"class":192},[52,154449,189],{"class":188},[52,154451,74],{"class":66},[52,154453,200],{"class":188},[52,154455,36059],{"class":192},[52,154457,189],{"class":188},[52,154459,127],{"class":66},[52,154461,154462],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154463,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154465,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154467,119],{"class":118},[52,154469,122],{"class":66},[52,154471,5156],{"class":92},[52,154473,4020],{"class":66},[52,154475,2243],{"class":70},[52,154477,20557],{"class":66},[52,154479,154480],{"class":133},"   # first item\n",[52,154482,154483,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,154484,119],{"class":118},[52,154486,122],{"class":66},[52,154488,5156],{"class":92},[52,154490,4020],{"class":66},[52,154492,71],{"class":70},[52,154494,20557],{"class":66},[52,154496,154497],{"class":133},"   # middle item\n",[52,154499,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,154501,119],{"class":118},[52,154503,122],{"class":66},[52,154505,5156],{"class":92},[52,154507,4020],{"class":66},[52,154509,2144],{"class":62},[52,154511,71],{"class":70},[52,154513,20557],{"class":66},[52,154515,154516],{"class":133},"  # last item\n",[20,154518,2193],{},[43,154520,154522],{"className":45,"code":154521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154523,154524,154528,154533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154525,154526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154527,50148],{"class":58},[52,154529,154530],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154531,154532],{"class":58},"Ben\n",[52,154534,154535],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154536,154537],{"class":58},"Cara\n",[20,154539,154540],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[38,154542,154544],{"id":154543},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154546,154547],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154549,347],{},[43,154551,154553],{"className":45,"code":154552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154554,154555,154587,154591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154556,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154558,921],{"class":58},[52,154560,63],{"class":62},[52,154562,388],{"class":66},[52,154564,189],{"class":188},[52,154566,30],{"class":192},[52,154568,189],{"class":188},[52,154570,74],{"class":66},[52,154572,200],{"class":188},[52,154574,1393],{"class":192},[52,154576,189],{"class":188},[52,154578,74],{"class":66},[52,154580,200],{"class":188},[52,154582,1491],{"class":192},[52,154584,189],{"class":188},[52,154586,127],{"class":66},[52,154588,154589],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154590,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154592,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154594,119],{"class":118},[52,154596,122],{"class":66},[52,154598,939],{"class":92},[52,154600,4020],{"class":66},[52,154602,1705],{"class":70},[52,154604,112],{"class":66},[20,154606,2193],{},[43,154608,154610],{"className":45,"code":154609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154611,154612,154624,154629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154613,154614,154617,154619,154622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154615,154616],{"class":92},"Traceback ",[52,154618,122],{"class":66},[52,154620,154621],{"class":92},"most recent call last",[52,154623,8462],{"class":66},[52,154625,154626],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154627,154628],{"class":34560},"  ...\n",[52,154630,154631,154633,154635,154637,154640],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154632,70835],{"class":3020},[52,154634,152],{"class":66},[52,154636,149289],{"class":3020},[52,154638,154639],{"class":58}," index out of ",[52,154641,71027],{"class":118},[20,154643,154644],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[154,154646,154647,154651,154655],{},[157,154648,154649],{},[15,154650,2243],{},[157,154652,154653],{},[15,154654,71],{},[157,154656,154657],{},[15,154658,99],{},[20,154660,154661,154662,89],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[30,154663,154664,154666],{"href":149161},[15,154665,42469],{}," on a tuple",[43,154668,154670],{"className":45,"code":154669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154671,154672,154704,154708,154724,154728,154746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154673,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154675,921],{"class":58},[52,154677,63],{"class":62},[52,154679,388],{"class":66},[52,154681,189],{"class":188},[52,154683,30],{"class":192},[52,154685,189],{"class":188},[52,154687,74],{"class":66},[52,154689,200],{"class":188},[52,154691,1393],{"class":192},[52,154693,189],{"class":188},[52,154695,74],{"class":66},[52,154697,200],{"class":188},[52,154699,1491],{"class":192},[52,154701,189],{"class":188},[52,154703,127],{"class":66},[52,154705,154706],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154707,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154709,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154711,119],{"class":118},[52,154713,122],{"class":66},[52,154715,11279],{"class":118},[52,154717,122],{"class":66},[52,154719,939],{"class":92},[52,154721,5479],{"class":66},[52,154723,50879],{"class":133},[52,154725,154726],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,154727,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154729,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,154731,7115],{"class":3996},[52,154733,38492],{"class":118},[52,154735,122],{"class":66},[52,154737,939],{"class":92},[52,154739,3782],{"class":66},[52,154741,38502],{"class":62},[52,154743,77],{"class":70},[52,154745,6514],{"class":66},[52,154747,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,154749,8188],{"class":118},[52,154751,122],{"class":66},[52,154753,939],{"class":92},[52,154755,4020],{"class":66},[52,154757,99],{"class":70},[52,154759,112],{"class":66},[20,154761,154762,154763,89],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[30,154764,1781,154766],{"href":154765},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154767,154768],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[38,154770,154772],{"id":154771},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154774,154775],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[154,154777,154778,154780],{},[157,154779,76979],{},[157,154781,154782],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154784,154785],{},"Indexing example:",[43,154787,154789],{"className":45,"code":154788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154790,154791,154815,154819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154792,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154794,59],{"class":58},[52,154796,63],{"class":62},[52,154798,388],{"class":66},[52,154800,2452],{"class":70},[52,154802,74],{"class":66},[52,154804,7908],{"class":70},[52,154806,74],{"class":66},[52,154808,7913],{"class":70},[52,154810,74],{"class":66},[52,154812,50952],{"class":70},[52,154814,127],{"class":66},[52,154816,154817],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154818,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154820,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154822,119],{"class":118},[52,154824,122],{"class":66},[52,154826,86],{"class":92},[52,154828,4020],{"class":66},[52,154830,71],{"class":70},[52,154832,112],{"class":66},[20,154834,2193],{},[43,154836,154837],{"className":45,"code":71328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154838,154839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154840,154841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154842,71328],{"class":70},[20,154844,154845],{},"Slicing example:",[43,154847,154849],{"className":45,"code":154848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154850,154851,154875,154879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154852,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154854,59],{"class":58},[52,154856,63],{"class":62},[52,154858,388],{"class":66},[52,154860,2452],{"class":70},[52,154862,74],{"class":66},[52,154864,7908],{"class":70},[52,154866,74],{"class":66},[52,154868,7913],{"class":70},[52,154870,74],{"class":66},[52,154872,50952],{"class":70},[52,154874,127],{"class":66},[52,154876,154877],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154878,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,154880,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154882,119],{"class":118},[52,154884,122],{"class":66},[52,154886,86],{"class":92},[52,154888,4020],{"class":66},[52,154890,71],{"class":70},[52,154892,152],{"class":66},[52,154894,488],{"class":70},[52,154896,112],{"class":66},[20,154898,2193],{},[43,154900,154902],{"className":45,"code":154901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154903,154904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154905,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154907,122],{"class":66},[52,154909,15867],{"class":70},[52,154911,74],{"class":66},[52,154913,7913],{"class":70},[52,154915,127],{"class":66},[20,154917,154918,154919,89],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[30,154920,150840],{"href":150839},[38,154922,154924],{"id":154923},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154926,154927],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154929,154930],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154932,6805],{},[43,154934,154936],{"className":45,"code":154935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154937,154938,154970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154939,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154941,181],{"class":58},[52,154943,63],{"class":62},[52,154945,388],{"class":66},[52,154947,189],{"class":188},[52,154949,193],{"class":192},[52,154951,189],{"class":188},[52,154953,74],{"class":66},[52,154955,200],{"class":188},[52,154957,231],{"class":192},[52,154959,189],{"class":188},[52,154961,74],{"class":66},[52,154963,200],{"class":188},[52,154965,203],{"class":192},[52,154967,189],{"class":188},[52,154969,127],{"class":66},[52,154971,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,154973,119],{"class":118},[52,154975,122],{"class":66},[52,154977,212],{"class":92},[52,154979,4020],{"class":66},[52,154981,71],{"class":70},[52,154983,112],{"class":66},[20,154985,154986],{},"But this does not work:",[43,154988,154990],{"className":45,"code":154989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154991,154992,155024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154993,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154995,181],{"class":58},[52,154997,63],{"class":62},[52,154999,388],{"class":66},[52,155001,189],{"class":188},[52,155003,193],{"class":192},[52,155005,189],{"class":188},[52,155007,74],{"class":66},[52,155009,200],{"class":188},[52,155011,231],{"class":192},[52,155013,189],{"class":188},[52,155015,74],{"class":66},[52,155017,200],{"class":188},[52,155019,203],{"class":192},[52,155021,189],{"class":188},[52,155023,127],{"class":66},[52,155025,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155027,212],{"class":58},[52,155029,4020],{"class":66},[52,155031,71],{"class":70},[52,155033,13388],{"class":66},[52,155035,13391],{"class":62},[52,155037,200],{"class":188},[52,155039,22633],{"class":192},[52,155041,3479],{"class":188},[20,155043,155044],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155046,155047],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[38,155049,2948],{"id":2947},[20,155051,155052],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[154,155054,155055,155061,155064,155067],{},[157,155056,132651,155057,1990,155059],{},[15,155058,71],{},[15,155060,2243],{},[157,155062,155063],{},"Using an index that is too large",[157,155065,155066],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[157,155068,155069,155070],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155071,155072],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155074,62400],{},[43,155076,155078],{"className":45,"code":155077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155079,155080,155090,155104,155118,155134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155081,155082,155084,155086,155088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155083,119],{"class":118},[52,155085,122],{"class":66},[52,155087,147941],{"class":92},[52,155089,127],{"class":66},[52,155091,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155093,119],{"class":118},[52,155095,122],{"class":66},[52,155097,11279],{"class":118},[52,155099,122],{"class":66},[52,155101,147941],{"class":92},[52,155103,2150],{"class":66},[52,155105,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,155107,119],{"class":118},[52,155109,122],{"class":66},[52,155111,147941],{"class":92},[52,155113,4020],{"class":66},[52,155115,2243],{"class":70},[52,155117,112],{"class":66},[52,155119,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,155121,119],{"class":118},[52,155123,122],{"class":66},[52,155125,147941],{"class":92},[52,155127,4020],{"class":66},[52,155129,2144],{"class":62},[52,155131,71],{"class":70},[52,155133,112],{"class":66},[52,155135,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,155137,119],{"class":118},[52,155139,122],{"class":66},[52,155141,3340],{"class":3020},[52,155143,122],{"class":66},[52,155145,147941],{"class":92},[52,155147,2150],{"class":66},[20,155149,155150],{},"These can help you confirm:",[154,155152,155153,155156,155158,155161],{},[157,155154,155155],{},"what the tuple contains",[157,155157,60893],{},[157,155159,155160],{},"what the first and last items are",[157,155162,155163],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[38,155165,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,155167,155169],{"id":155168},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155171,155172,155173,89],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155174,2243],{},[1324,155176,155178],{"id":155177},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155180,137,155181,155183],{},[15,155182,65959],{}," as the index:",[43,155185,155187],{"className":45,"code":155186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155188,155189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155190,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155192,147941],{"class":58},[52,155194,4020],{"class":66},[52,155196,2144],{"class":62},[52,155198,71],{"class":70},[52,155200,3756],{"class":66},[1324,155202,155204],{"id":155203},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155206,155207],{},"Python raises:",[43,155209,155211],{"className":45,"code":155210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155212,155213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155214,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155216,70835],{"class":3020},[52,155218,152],{"class":66},[52,155220,149289],{"class":3020},[52,155222,154639],{"class":58},[52,155224,71027],{"class":118},[1324,155226,155228],{"id":155227},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155230,155231],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[38,155233,1996],{"id":1995},[154,155235,155236,155241,155245,155249,155255],{},[157,155237,155238],{},[30,155239,155240],{"href":147926},"How to create a tuple in Python",[157,155242,155243],{},[30,155244,150840],{"href":150839},[157,155246,155247],{},[30,155248,150845],{"href":149161},[157,155250,155251],{},[30,155252,26232,155253],{"href":154765},[15,155254,154768],{},[157,155256,155257],{},[30,155258,147923],{"href":147922},[2044,155260,155261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":155263},[155264,155265,155266,155267,155268,155269,155270,155271,155272,155273,155279],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":154027,"depth":83,"text":154028},{"id":154153,"depth":83,"text":154154},{"id":154291,"depth":83,"text":154292},{"id":154418,"depth":83,"text":154419},{"id":154543,"depth":83,"text":154544},{"id":154771,"depth":83,"text":154772},{"id":154923,"depth":83,"text":154924},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":155274},[155275,155276,155277,155278],{"id":155168,"depth":115,"text":155169},{"id":155177,"depth":115,"text":155178},{"id":155203,"depth":115,"text":155204},{"id":155227,"depth":115,"text":155228},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153884,"description":155280},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155286,"title":155287,"body":155288,"description":157177,"extension":2083,"meta":157178,"navigation":240,"path":157179,"seo":157180,"stem":157181,"__hash__":157182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155289,"toc":157134},[155290,155296,155301,155352,155356,155364,155370,155372,155388,155390,155393,155408,155410,155423,155425,155482,155486,155494,155501,155507,155513,155517,155568,155572,155580,155584,155613,155617,155625,155629,155662,155666,155674,155678,155681,155732,155736,155744,155746,155763,155767,155771,155830,155834,155842,155845,155872,155876,155884,155888,155894,155969,155973,156010,156018,156022,156085,156089,156097,156102,156106,156112,156155,156159,156167,156173,156176,156223,156227,156235,156244,156250,156305,156309,156317,156320,156324,156326,156357,156361,156380,156383,156428,156432,156455,156461,156466,156468,156515,156520,156523,156571,156575,156583,156587,156592,156596,156646,156650,156665,156669,156727,156731,156746,156750,156821,156825,156834,156838,156917,156921,156943,156951,156953,156956,156981,156983,157036,157038,157055,157057,157061,157067,157072,157077,157081,157086,157090,157095,157101,157104,157106,157131],[10,155291,155293,155294,3782],{"id":155292},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155295,11279],{},[20,155297,137,155298,155300],{},[15,155299,42469],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[43,155302,155304],{"className":45,"code":155303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155305,155306,155338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155307,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155309,181],{"class":58},[52,155311,63],{"class":62},[52,155313,388],{"class":66},[52,155315,189],{"class":188},[52,155317,193],{"class":192},[52,155319,189],{"class":188},[52,155321,74],{"class":66},[52,155323,200],{"class":188},[52,155325,231],{"class":192},[52,155327,189],{"class":188},[52,155329,74],{"class":66},[52,155331,200],{"class":188},[52,155333,203],{"class":192},[52,155335,189],{"class":188},[52,155337,127],{"class":66},[52,155339,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155341,119],{"class":118},[52,155343,122],{"class":66},[52,155345,11279],{"class":118},[52,155347,122],{"class":66},[52,155349,212],{"class":92},[52,155351,2150],{"class":66},[20,155353,155354],{},[984,155355,2193],{},[43,155357,155358],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155359,155360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155361,155362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155363,46724],{"class":70},[20,155365,137,155366,155369],{},[15,155367,155368],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[38,155371,15277],{"id":15276},[154,155373,155374,155379,155383,155386],{},[157,155375,4316,155376,155378],{},[15,155377,42469],{}," works with tuples",[157,155380,68362,155381,11822],{},[15,155382,42469],{},[157,155384,155385],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[157,155387,4636],{},[38,155389,268],{"id":267},[20,155391,155392],{},"Use this pattern:",[43,155394,155396],{"className":45,"code":155395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155397,155398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155399,155400,155402,155404,155406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155401,11279],{"class":118},[52,155403,122],{"class":66},[52,155405,147941],{"class":92},[52,155407,127],{"class":66},[20,155409,11575],{},[154,155411,155412,155415,155418],{},[157,155413,155414],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[157,155416,155417],{},"The result is an integer",[157,155419,155420,155422],{},[15,155421,42469],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155424,347],{},[43,155426,155428],{"className":45,"code":155427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155429,155430,155454,155468,155472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155431,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155433,59],{"class":58},[52,155435,63],{"class":62},[52,155437,388],{"class":66},[52,155439,2452],{"class":70},[52,155441,74],{"class":66},[52,155443,7908],{"class":70},[52,155445,74],{"class":66},[52,155447,7913],{"class":70},[52,155449,74],{"class":66},[52,155451,50952],{"class":70},[52,155453,127],{"class":66},[52,155455,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155457,41349],{"class":58},[52,155459,63],{"class":62},[52,155461,38492],{"class":118},[52,155463,122],{"class":66},[52,155465,86],{"class":92},[52,155467,127],{"class":66},[52,155469,155470],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,155471,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,155473,155474,155476,155478,155480],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,155475,119],{"class":118},[52,155477,122],{"class":66},[52,155479,41367],{"class":92},[52,155481,127],{"class":66},[20,155483,155484],{},[984,155485,2193],{},[43,155487,155488],{"className":45,"code":48758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155489,155490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155491,155492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155493,48758],{"class":70},[20,155495,155496,155497,89],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[30,155498,3697,155499,3630],{"href":42466},[15,155500,42469],{},[38,155502,144,155504,155506],{"id":155503},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155505,42469],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155508,155509,155510,155512],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155511,42469],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1324,155514,155516],{"id":155515},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[43,155518,155520],{"className":45,"code":155519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155521,155522,155554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155523,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155525,1116],{"class":58},[52,155527,63],{"class":62},[52,155529,388],{"class":66},[52,155531,189],{"class":188},[52,155533,1125],{"class":192},[52,155535,189],{"class":188},[52,155537,74],{"class":66},[52,155539,200],{"class":188},[52,155541,1145],{"class":192},[52,155543,189],{"class":188},[52,155545,74],{"class":66},[52,155547,200],{"class":188},[52,155549,1216],{"class":192},[52,155551,189],{"class":188},[52,155553,127],{"class":66},[52,155555,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155557,119],{"class":118},[52,155559,122],{"class":66},[52,155561,11279],{"class":118},[52,155563,122],{"class":66},[52,155565,1134],{"class":92},[52,155567,2150],{"class":66},[20,155569,155570],{},[984,155571,2193],{},[43,155573,155574],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155575,155576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155577,155578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155579,46724],{"class":70},[1324,155581,155583],{"id":155582},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[43,155585,155587],{"className":45,"code":155586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155588,155589,155598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155590,155591,155594,155596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155592,155593],{"class":58},"empty_tuple ",[52,155595,63],{"class":62},[52,155597,149265],{"class":66},[52,155599,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608,155611],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155601,119],{"class":118},[52,155603,122],{"class":66},[52,155605,11279],{"class":118},[52,155607,122],{"class":66},[52,155609,155610],{"class":92},"empty_tuple",[52,155612,2150],{"class":66},[20,155614,155615],{},[984,155616,2193],{},[43,155618,155619],{"className":45,"code":47359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155620,155621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155622,155623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155624,47359],{"class":70},[1324,155626,155628],{"id":155627},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[43,155630,155632],{"className":45,"code":155631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155633,155634,155647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155635,155636,155639,155641,155643,155645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155637,155638],{"class":58},"single_value ",[52,155640,63],{"class":62},[52,155642,388],{"class":66},[52,155644,1705],{"class":70},[52,155646,149279],{"class":66},[52,155648,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155660],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155650,119],{"class":118},[52,155652,122],{"class":66},[52,155654,11279],{"class":118},[52,155656,122],{"class":66},[52,155658,155659],{"class":92},"single_value",[52,155661,2150],{"class":66},[20,155663,155664],{},[984,155665,2193],{},[43,155667,155668],{"className":45,"code":47024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155669,155670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155671,155672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155673,47024],{"class":70},[1324,155675,155677],{"id":155676},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155679,155680],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[43,155682,155684],{"className":45,"code":155683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155685,155686,155718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155687,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155689,9288],{"class":58},[52,155691,63],{"class":62},[52,155693,388],{"class":66},[52,155695,71],{"class":70},[52,155697,74],{"class":66},[52,155699,388],{"class":66},[52,155701,99],{"class":70},[52,155703,74],{"class":66},[52,155705,104],{"class":70},[52,155707,399],{"class":66},[52,155709,3743],{"class":66},[52,155711,391],{"class":70},[52,155713,74],{"class":66},[52,155715,396],{"class":70},[52,155717,112],{"class":66},[52,155719,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155721,119],{"class":118},[52,155723,122],{"class":66},[52,155725,11279],{"class":118},[52,155727,122],{"class":66},[52,155729,9327],{"class":92},[52,155731,2150],{"class":66},[20,155733,155734],{},[984,155735,2193],{},[43,155737,155738],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155739,155740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155741,155742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155743,46724],{"class":70},[20,155745,20068],{},[154,155747,155748,155753,155758],{},[157,155749,155750,155752],{},[15,155751,71],{}," is one item",[157,155754,155755,155752],{},[15,155756,155757],{},"(2, 3)",[157,155759,155760,155752],{},[15,155761,155762],{},"[4, 5]",[38,155764,155766],{"id":155765},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1324,155768,155770],{"id":155769},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[43,155772,155774],{"className":45,"code":155773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155775,155776,155816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155777,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155779,181],{"class":58},[52,155781,63],{"class":62},[52,155783,388],{"class":66},[52,155785,189],{"class":188},[52,155787,193],{"class":192},[52,155789,189],{"class":188},[52,155791,74],{"class":66},[52,155793,200],{"class":188},[52,155795,231],{"class":192},[52,155797,189],{"class":188},[52,155799,74],{"class":66},[52,155801,200],{"class":188},[52,155803,203],{"class":192},[52,155805,189],{"class":188},[52,155807,74],{"class":66},[52,155809,200],{"class":188},[52,155811,22633],{"class":192},[52,155813,189],{"class":188},[52,155815,127],{"class":66},[52,155817,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155819,119],{"class":118},[52,155821,122],{"class":66},[52,155823,11279],{"class":118},[52,155825,122],{"class":66},[52,155827,212],{"class":92},[52,155829,2150],{"class":66},[20,155831,155832],{},[984,155833,2193],{},[43,155835,155836],{"className":45,"code":48758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155837,155838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155839,155840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155841,48758],{"class":70},[1324,155843,155583],{"id":155844},"empty-tuple-1",[43,155846,155848],{"className":45,"code":155847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155849,155850,155858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155851,155852,155854,155856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155853,7897],{"class":58},[52,155855,63],{"class":62},[52,155857,149265],{"class":66},[52,155859,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155861,119],{"class":118},[52,155863,122],{"class":66},[52,155865,11279],{"class":118},[52,155867,122],{"class":66},[52,155869,7928],{"class":92},[52,155871,2150],{"class":66},[20,155873,155874],{},[984,155875,2193],{},[43,155877,155878],{"className":45,"code":47359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155879,155880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155881,155882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155883,47359],{"class":70},[1324,155885,155887],{"id":155886},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155889,155890,155891,155893],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[984,155892,986],{}," always a tuple.",[43,155895,155897],{"className":45,"code":155896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155898,155899,155911,155923,155927,155941,155955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155900,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155902,1347],{"class":58},[52,155904,63],{"class":62},[52,155906,388],{"class":66},[52,155908,1705],{"class":70},[52,155910,127],{"class":66},[52,155912,155913,155915,155917,155919,155921],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155914,1364],{"class":58},[52,155916,63],{"class":62},[52,155918,388],{"class":66},[52,155920,1705],{"class":70},[52,155922,149279],{"class":66},[52,155924,155925],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,155926,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,155928,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,155930,119],{"class":118},[52,155932,122],{"class":66},[52,155934,3340],{"class":3020},[52,155936,122],{"class":66},[52,155938,30],{"class":92},[52,155940,2150],{"class":66},[52,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,155944,119],{"class":118},[52,155946,122],{"class":66},[52,155948,3340],{"class":3020},[52,155950,122],{"class":66},[52,155952,1393],{"class":92},[52,155954,2150],{"class":66},[52,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,155958,119],{"class":118},[52,155960,122],{"class":66},[52,155962,11279],{"class":118},[52,155964,122],{"class":66},[52,155966,1393],{"class":92},[52,155968,2150],{"class":66},[20,155970,155971],{},[984,155972,2193],{},[43,155974,155976],{"className":45,"code":155975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155977,155978,155992,156006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155979,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155981,3409],{"class":62},[52,155983,3412],{"class":2187},[52,155985,3415],{"class":188},[52,155987,2310],{"class":192},[52,155989,3420],{"class":188},[52,155991,3423],{"class":62},[52,155993,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,155995,3409],{"class":62},[52,155997,3412],{"class":2187},[52,155999,3415],{"class":188},[52,156001,49061],{"class":192},[52,156003,3420],{"class":188},[52,156005,3423],{"class":62},[52,156007,156008],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156009,47024],{"class":70},[20,156011,156012,156013,668,156016,89],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[30,156014,156015],{"href":147926},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[30,156017,149227],{"href":149226},[1324,156019,156021],{"id":156020},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[43,156023,156025],{"className":45,"code":156024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156026,156027,156071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156028,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156030,59581],{"class":58},[52,156032,63],{"class":62},[52,156034,388],{"class":66},[52,156036,189],{"class":188},[52,156038,1125],{"class":192},[52,156040,189],{"class":188},[52,156042,74],{"class":66},[52,156044,3743],{"class":66},[52,156046,71],{"class":70},[52,156048,74],{"class":66},[52,156050,77],{"class":70},[52,156052,385],{"class":66},[52,156054,388],{"class":66},[52,156056,189],{"class":188},[52,156058,930],{"class":192},[52,156060,189],{"class":188},[52,156062,74],{"class":66},[52,156064,200],{"class":188},[52,156066,11861],{"class":192},[52,156068,189],{"class":188},[52,156070,2150],{"class":66},[52,156072,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156074,119],{"class":118},[52,156076,122],{"class":66},[52,156078,11279],{"class":118},[52,156080,122],{"class":66},[52,156082,59634],{"class":92},[52,156084,2150],{"class":66},[20,156086,156087],{},[984,156088,2193],{},[43,156090,156091],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156092,156093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156094,156095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156096,46724],{"class":70},[20,156098,156099,156101],{},[15,156100,42469],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[38,156103,156105],{"id":156104},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1324,156107,156109,156111],{"id":156108},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156110,42469],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[43,156113,156115],{"className":45,"code":156114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156116,156117,156141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156118,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156120,1025],{"class":58},[52,156122,63],{"class":62},[52,156124,388],{"class":66},[52,156126,189],{"class":188},[52,156128,63701],{"class":192},[52,156130,189],{"class":188},[52,156132,74],{"class":66},[52,156134,200],{"class":188},[52,156136,47],{"class":192},[52,156138,189],{"class":188},[52,156140,127],{"class":66},[52,156142,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156144,119],{"class":118},[52,156146,122],{"class":66},[52,156148,11279],{"class":118},[52,156150,122],{"class":66},[52,156152,1043],{"class":92},[52,156154,2150],{"class":66},[20,156156,156157],{},[984,156158,2193],{},[43,156160,156161],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156162,156163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156164,156165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156166,17170],{"class":70},[20,156168,156169,156170,156172],{},"This result is ",[15,156171,99],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156174,156175],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[43,156177,156179],{"className":45,"code":156178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156180,156181,156205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156182,156183,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156184,1025],{"class":58},[52,156186,63],{"class":62},[52,156188,388],{"class":66},[52,156190,189],{"class":188},[52,156192,63701],{"class":192},[52,156194,189],{"class":188},[52,156196,74],{"class":66},[52,156198,200],{"class":188},[52,156200,47],{"class":192},[52,156202,189],{"class":188},[52,156204,127],{"class":66},[52,156206,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156208,119],{"class":118},[52,156210,122],{"class":66},[52,156212,11279],{"class":118},[52,156214,122],{"class":66},[52,156216,1043],{"class":92},[52,156218,4020],{"class":66},[52,156220,2243],{"class":70},[52,156222,3117],{"class":66},[20,156224,156225],{},[984,156226,2193],{},[43,156228,156229],{"className":45,"code":17170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156230,156231],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156232,156233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156234,17170],{"class":70},[20,156236,20882,156237,156240,156241,89],{},[15,156238,156239],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156242,156243],{},"\"hi\"",[1324,156245,156247,156249],{"id":156246},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156248,42469],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[43,156251,156253],{"className":45,"code":156252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156254,156255,156291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156256,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156258,357],{"class":58},[52,156260,63],{"class":62},[52,156262,10114],{"class":66},[52,156264,71],{"class":70},[52,156266,74],{"class":66},[52,156268,77],{"class":70},[52,156270,399],{"class":66},[52,156272,388],{"class":66},[52,156274,488],{"class":70},[52,156276,74],{"class":66},[52,156278,109],{"class":70},[52,156280,399],{"class":66},[52,156282,388],{"class":66},[52,156284,1705],{"class":70},[52,156286,74],{"class":66},[52,156288,37750],{"class":70},[52,156290,2150],{"class":66},[52,156292,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156294,119],{"class":118},[52,156296,122],{"class":66},[52,156298,11279],{"class":118},[52,156300,122],{"class":66},[52,156302,370],{"class":92},[52,156304,2150],{"class":66},[20,156306,156307],{},[984,156308,2193],{},[43,156310,156311],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156312,156313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156314,156315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156316,46724],{"class":70},[20,156318,156319],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1324,156321,156323],{"id":156322},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156325,25800],{},[43,156327,156329],{"className":45,"code":156328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156330,156331,156343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156332,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156334,2568],{"class":58},[52,156336,63],{"class":62},[52,156338,388],{"class":66},[52,156340,2452],{"class":70},[52,156342,127],{"class":66},[52,156344,156345,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156346,119],{"class":118},[52,156348,122],{"class":66},[52,156350,3340],{"class":3020},[52,156352,122],{"class":66},[52,156354,2593],{"class":92},[52,156356,2150],{"class":66},[20,156358,156359],{},[984,156360,2193],{},[43,156362,156364],{"className":45,"code":156363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156365,156366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156367,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156369,3409],{"class":62},[52,156371,3412],{"class":2187},[52,156373,3415],{"class":188},[52,156375,2310],{"class":192},[52,156377,3420],{"class":188},[52,156379,3423],{"class":62},[20,156381,156382],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[43,156384,156386],{"className":45,"code":156385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156387,156388,156400,156414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156389,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156391,2568],{"class":58},[52,156393,63],{"class":62},[52,156395,388],{"class":66},[52,156397,2452],{"class":70},[52,156399,149279],{"class":66},[52,156401,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156403,119],{"class":118},[52,156405,122],{"class":66},[52,156407,3340],{"class":3020},[52,156409,122],{"class":66},[52,156411,2593],{"class":92},[52,156413,2150],{"class":66},[52,156415,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156417,119],{"class":118},[52,156419,122],{"class":66},[52,156421,11279],{"class":118},[52,156423,122],{"class":66},[52,156425,2593],{"class":92},[52,156427,2150],{"class":66},[20,156429,156430],{},[984,156431,2193],{},[43,156433,156435],{"className":45,"code":156434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156436,156437,156451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156438,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156440,3409],{"class":62},[52,156442,3412],{"class":2187},[52,156444,3415],{"class":188},[52,156446,49061],{"class":192},[52,156448,3420],{"class":188},[52,156450,3423],{"class":62},[52,156452,156453],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156454,47024],{"class":70},[1324,156456,156458,156460],{"id":156457},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156459,11279],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156462,44538,156463,156465],{},[15,156464,11279],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156467,44569],{},[43,156469,156471],{"className":45,"code":156470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156472,156473,156481,156501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156474,156475,156477,156479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156476,11279],{"class":118},[52,156478,13391],{"class":62},[52,156480,2704],{"class":70},[52,156482,156483,156485,156487,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156484,59],{"class":58},[52,156486,63],{"class":62},[52,156488,388],{"class":66},[52,156490,71],{"class":70},[52,156492,74],{"class":66},[52,156494,77],{"class":70},[52,156496,74],{"class":66},[52,156498,104],{"class":70},[52,156500,127],{"class":66},[52,156502,156503,156505,156507,156509,156511,156513],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156504,119],{"class":118},[52,156506,122],{"class":66},[52,156508,11279],{"class":118},[52,156510,122],{"class":66},[52,156512,86],{"class":92},[52,156514,2150],{"class":66},[20,156516,39760,156517,156519],{},[15,156518,11279],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156521,156522],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[43,156524,156526],{"className":45,"code":156525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156527,156528,156537,156557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156529,156530,156533,156535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156531,156532],{"class":58},"length_value ",[52,156534,63],{"class":62},[52,156536,2704],{"class":70},[52,156538,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156540,59],{"class":58},[52,156542,63],{"class":62},[52,156544,388],{"class":66},[52,156546,71],{"class":70},[52,156548,74],{"class":66},[52,156550,77],{"class":70},[52,156552,74],{"class":66},[52,156554,104],{"class":70},[52,156556,127],{"class":66},[52,156558,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156560,119],{"class":118},[52,156562,122],{"class":66},[52,156564,11279],{"class":118},[52,156566,122],{"class":66},[52,156568,86],{"class":92},[52,156570,2150],{"class":66},[20,156572,156573],{},[984,156574,2193],{},[43,156576,156577],{"className":45,"code":46724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156578,156579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156580,156581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156582,46724],{"class":70},[38,156584,156586],{"id":156585},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156588,156589,156591],{},[15,156590,42469],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1324,156593,156595],{"id":156594},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[43,156597,156599],{"className":45,"code":156598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156600,156601,156609,156613,156631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156602,156603,156605,156607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156604,7897],{"class":58},[52,156606,63],{"class":62},[52,156608,149265],{"class":66},[52,156610,156611],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156612,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,156614,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156616,7115],{"class":3996},[52,156618,38492],{"class":118},[52,156620,122],{"class":66},[52,156622,7928],{"class":92},[52,156624,3782],{"class":66},[52,156626,6529],{"class":62},[52,156628,3952],{"class":70},[52,156630,6514],{"class":66},[52,156632,156633,156635,156637,156639,156642,156644],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,156634,8188],{"class":118},[52,156636,122],{"class":66},[52,156638,189],{"class":188},[52,156640,156641],{"class":192},"The tuple is empty",[52,156643,189],{"class":188},[52,156645,127],{"class":66},[20,156647,156648],{},[984,156649,2193],{},[43,156651,156653],{"className":45,"code":156652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156654,156655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156656,156657,156659,156661,156663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156658,2100],{"class":58},[52,156660,49061],{"class":3020},[52,156662,8216],{"class":62},[52,156664,8222],{"class":58},[1324,156666,156668],{"id":156667},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[43,156670,156672],{"className":45,"code":156671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156673,156674,156690,156694,156712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156675,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156677,51494],{"class":58},[52,156679,63],{"class":62},[52,156681,388],{"class":66},[52,156683,391],{"class":70},[52,156685,74],{"class":66},[52,156687,6113],{"class":70},[52,156689,127],{"class":66},[52,156691,156692],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156693,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,156695,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156697,7115],{"class":3996},[52,156699,38492],{"class":118},[52,156701,122],{"class":66},[52,156703,51519],{"class":92},[52,156705,3782],{"class":66},[52,156707,6529],{"class":62},[52,156709,77],{"class":70},[52,156711,6514],{"class":66},[52,156713,156714,156716,156718,156720,156723,156725],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,156715,8188],{"class":118},[52,156717,122],{"class":66},[52,156719,189],{"class":188},[52,156721,156722],{"class":192},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[52,156724,189],{"class":188},[52,156726,127],{"class":66},[20,156728,156729],{},[984,156730,2193],{},[43,156732,156734],{"className":45,"code":156733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156735,156736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156737,156738,156741,156743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156739,156740],{"class":58},"This looks like an x",[52,156742,74],{"class":66},[52,156744,156745],{"class":58}," y coordinate\n",[1324,156747,156749],{"id":156748},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[43,156751,156753],{"className":45,"code":156752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156754,156755,156784,156788,156806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156756,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156780,156782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156758,11605],{"class":58},[52,156760,63],{"class":62},[52,156762,388],{"class":66},[52,156764,189],{"class":188},[52,156766,12997],{"class":192},[52,156768,189],{"class":188},[52,156770,74],{"class":66},[52,156772,9427],{"class":70},[52,156774,74],{"class":66},[52,156776,200],{"class":188},[52,156778,156779],{"class":192},"Canada",[52,156781,189],{"class":188},[52,156783,127],{"class":66},[52,156785,156786],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156787,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,156789,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156791,7115],{"class":3996},[52,156793,38492],{"class":118},[52,156795,122],{"class":66},[52,156797,11699],{"class":92},[52,156799,3782],{"class":66},[52,156801,6529],{"class":62},[52,156803,104],{"class":70},[52,156805,6514],{"class":66},[52,156807,156808,156810,156812,156814,156817,156819],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,156809,8188],{"class":118},[52,156811,122],{"class":66},[52,156813,189],{"class":188},[52,156815,156816],{"class":192},"User record has the expected number of values",[52,156818,189],{"class":188},[52,156820,127],{"class":66},[20,156822,156823],{},[984,156824,2193],{},[43,156826,156828],{"className":45,"code":156827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156829,156830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156831,156832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156833,156827],{"class":58},[1324,156835,156837],{"id":156836},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[43,156839,156841],{"className":45,"code":156840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156842,156843,156875,156879,156899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156844,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156846,921],{"class":58},[52,156848,63],{"class":62},[52,156850,388],{"class":66},[52,156852,189],{"class":188},[52,156854,30],{"class":192},[52,156856,189],{"class":188},[52,156858,74],{"class":66},[52,156860,200],{"class":188},[52,156862,1393],{"class":192},[52,156864,189],{"class":188},[52,156866,74],{"class":66},[52,156868,200],{"class":188},[52,156870,1491],{"class":192},[52,156872,189],{"class":188},[52,156874,127],{"class":66},[52,156876,156877],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156878,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,156880,156881,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156882,6077],{"class":3996},[52,156884,69652],{"class":58},[52,156886,4003],{"class":3996},[52,156888,54179],{"class":118},[52,156890,122],{"class":66},[52,156892,11279],{"class":118},[52,156894,122],{"class":66},[52,156896,939],{"class":92},[52,156898,69667],{"class":66},[52,156900,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,156902,8188],{"class":118},[52,156904,122],{"class":66},[52,156906,36262],{"class":92},[52,156908,74],{"class":66},[52,156910,70200],{"class":92},[52,156912,4020],{"class":66},[52,156914,36262],{"class":92},[52,156916,112],{"class":66},[20,156918,156919],{},[984,156920,2193],{},[43,156922,156923],{"className":45,"code":36274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156924,156925,156931,156937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156926,156927,156929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156928,2243],{"class":70},[52,156930,36283],{"class":58},[52,156932,156933,156935],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,156934,71],{"class":70},[52,156936,36290],{"class":58},[52,156938,156939,156941],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156940,99],{"class":70},[52,156942,36297],{"class":58},[20,156944,156945,156946,156948,156949,89],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[30,156947,149596],{"href":149595},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[30,156950,150840],{"href":150839},[38,156952,2948],{"id":2947},[20,156954,156955],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[154,156957,156958,156966,156973,156978],{},[157,156959,156960,156961,1990,156964],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156962,156963],{},"(5)",[15,156965,149430],{},[157,156967,8538,156968,156970,156971],{},[15,156969,11279],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156972,42469],{},[157,156974,8574,156975,156977],{},[15,156976,42469],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[157,156979,156980],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156982,32192],{},[43,156984,156986],{"className":45,"code":156985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156987,156988,156998,157012,157026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156989,156990,156992,156994,156996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156991,119],{"class":118},[52,156993,122],{"class":66},[52,156995,147941],{"class":92},[52,156997,127],{"class":66},[52,156999,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157001,119],{"class":118},[52,157003,122],{"class":66},[52,157005,3340],{"class":3020},[52,157007,122],{"class":66},[52,157009,147941],{"class":92},[52,157011,2150],{"class":66},[52,157013,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157015,119],{"class":118},[52,157017,122],{"class":66},[52,157019,11279],{"class":118},[52,157021,122],{"class":66},[52,157023,147941],{"class":92},[52,157025,2150],{"class":66},[52,157027,157028,157030,157032,157034],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,157029,32262],{"class":118},[52,157031,122],{"class":66},[52,157033,11279],{"class":118},[52,157035,127],{"class":66},[20,157037,155150],{},[154,157039,157040,157043,157046,157050],{},[157,157041,157042],{},"what value you are using",[157,157044,157045],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[157,157047,26129,157048,11822],{},[15,157049,42469],{},[157,157051,123314,157052,157054],{},[15,157053,42469],{}," is documented in Python",[38,157056,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,157058,157060],{"id":157059},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157062,137,157063,157066],{},[15,157064,157065],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1324,157068,1937,157070,149100],{"id":157069},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157071,42469],{},[20,157073,46472,157074,157076],{},[15,157075,42469],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1324,157078,157080],{"id":157079},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157082,157083,157084,89],{},"The length is ",[15,157085,2243],{},[1324,157087,157089],{"id":157088},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157091,150786,157092,157094],{},[15,157093,150789],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1324,157096,1937,157098,157100],{"id":157097},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157099,42469],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157102,157103],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[38,157105,1996],{"id":1995},[154,157107,157108,157114,157118,157122,157126],{},[157,157109,157110],{},[30,157111,3697,157112,3630],{"href":42466},[15,157113,42469],{},[157,157115,157116],{},[30,157117,156015],{"href":147926},[157,157119,157120],{},[30,157121,149596],{"href":149595},[157,157123,157124],{},[30,157125,150840],{"href":150839},[157,157127,157128],{},[30,157129,157130],{"href":149226},"What is a tuple in Python",[2044,157132,157133],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":157135},[157136,157137,157138,157145,157151,157160,157166,157167,157176],{"id":15276,"depth":83,"text":15277},{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":155503,"depth":83,"text":157139,"children":157140},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157141,157142,157143,157144],{"id":155515,"depth":115,"text":155516},{"id":155582,"depth":115,"text":155583},{"id":155627,"depth":115,"text":155628},{"id":155676,"depth":115,"text":155677},{"id":155765,"depth":83,"text":155766,"children":157146},[157147,157148,157149,157150],{"id":155769,"depth":115,"text":155770},{"id":155844,"depth":115,"text":155583},{"id":155886,"depth":115,"text":155887},{"id":156020,"depth":115,"text":156021},{"id":156104,"depth":83,"text":156105,"children":157152},[157153,157155,157157,157158],{"id":156108,"depth":115,"text":157154},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156246,"depth":115,"text":157156},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156322,"depth":115,"text":156323},{"id":156457,"depth":115,"text":157159},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156585,"depth":83,"text":156586,"children":157161},[157162,157163,157164,157165],{"id":156594,"depth":115,"text":156595},{"id":156667,"depth":115,"text":156668},{"id":156748,"depth":115,"text":156749},{"id":156836,"depth":115,"text":156837},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":157168},[157169,157170,157172,157173,157174],{"id":157059,"depth":115,"text":157060},{"id":157069,"depth":115,"text":157171},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157079,"depth":115,"text":157080},{"id":157088,"depth":115,"text":157089},{"id":157097,"depth":115,"text":157175},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155287,"description":157177},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157184,"title":157185,"body":157186,"description":159571,"extension":2083,"meta":159572,"navigation":240,"path":159573,"seo":159574,"stem":159575,"__hash__":159576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157187,"toc":159532},[157188,157191,157194,157197,157220,157226,157228,157339,157343,157346,157356,157358,157457,157459,157536,157542,157546,157549,157572,157575,157592,157595,157597,157660,157662,157679,157690,157695,157697,157700,157706,157757,157759,157779,157783,157834,157836,157857,157861,157916,157918,157939,157943,157998,158000,158021,158025,158078,158080,158109,158111,158113,158116,158120,158177,158179,158200,158204,158257,158259,158284,158289,158293,158298,158316,158319,158382,158384,158405,158408,158469,158471,158492,158495,158538,158541,158545,158550,158554,158633,158635,158666,158670,158745,158747,158774,158778,158825,158827,158835,158840,158844,158847,158862,158864,158952,158954,158979,158982,159025,159034,159036,159039,159054,159057,159061,159115,159117,159137,159142,159146,159148,159186,159189,159239,159243,159316,159318,159355,159358,159360,159363,159383,159386,159455,159457,159470,159472,159476,159479,159483,159486,159491,159494,159500,159505,159507,159529],[10,157189,157185],{"id":157190},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157192,157193],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157195,157196],{},"Use this format:",[43,157198,157200],{"className":45,"code":157199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157201,157202],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157203,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157205,49061],{"class":58},[52,157207,4020],{"class":66},[52,157209,36182],{"class":58},[52,157211,152],{"class":66},[52,157213,75530],{"class":58},[52,157215,152],{"class":66},[52,157217,75533],{"class":58},[52,157219,3756],{"class":66},[20,157221,2100,157222,75566,157224,89],{},[15,157223,75530],{},[984,157225,65174],{},[38,157227,2125],{"id":2124},[43,157229,157231],{"className":45,"code":157230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157232,157233,157261,157265,157286,157303,157320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157234,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157236,59],{"class":58},[52,157238,63],{"class":62},[52,157240,388],{"class":66},[52,157242,2452],{"class":70},[52,157244,74],{"class":66},[52,157246,7908],{"class":70},[52,157248,74],{"class":66},[52,157250,7913],{"class":70},[52,157252,74],{"class":66},[52,157254,50952],{"class":70},[52,157256,74],{"class":66},[52,157258,5198],{"class":70},[52,157260,127],{"class":66},[52,157262,157263],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157264,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157266,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157268,119],{"class":118},[52,157270,122],{"class":66},[52,157272,86],{"class":92},[52,157274,4020],{"class":66},[52,157276,71],{"class":70},[52,157278,152],{"class":66},[52,157280,391],{"class":70},[52,157282,20557],{"class":66},[52,157284,157285],{"class":133},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[52,157287,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,157289,119],{"class":118},[52,157291,122],{"class":66},[52,157293,86],{"class":92},[52,157295,75639],{"class":66},[52,157297,488],{"class":70},[52,157299,20557],{"class":66},[52,157301,157302],{"class":133},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[52,157304,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,157306,119],{"class":118},[52,157308,122],{"class":66},[52,157310,86],{"class":92},[52,157312,74226],{"class":66},[52,157314,99],{"class":70},[52,157316,20557],{"class":66},[52,157318,157319],{"class":133},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[52,157321,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,157323,119],{"class":118},[52,157325,122],{"class":66},[52,157327,86],{"class":92},[52,157329,74226],{"class":66},[52,157331,2144],{"class":62},[52,157333,71],{"class":70},[52,157335,20557],{"class":66},[52,157337,157338],{"class":133},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[38,157340,157342],{"id":157341},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157344,157345],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[154,157347,157348,157350,157353],{},[157,157349,75833],{},[157,157351,157352],{},"The result is a new tuple",[157,157354,157355],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157357,347],{},[43,157359,157361],{"className":45,"code":157360,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157362,157363,157411,157415,157433,157437,157447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157364,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157366,921],{"class":58},[52,157368,63],{"class":62},[52,157370,388],{"class":66},[52,157372,189],{"class":188},[52,157374,30],{"class":192},[52,157376,189],{"class":188},[52,157378,74],{"class":66},[52,157380,200],{"class":188},[52,157382,1393],{"class":192},[52,157384,189],{"class":188},[52,157386,74],{"class":66},[52,157388,200],{"class":188},[52,157390,1491],{"class":192},[52,157392,189],{"class":188},[52,157394,74],{"class":66},[52,157396,200],{"class":188},[52,157398,18879],{"class":192},[52,157400,189],{"class":188},[52,157402,74],{"class":66},[52,157404,200],{"class":188},[52,157406,60556],{"class":192},[52,157408,189],{"class":188},[52,157410,127],{"class":66},[52,157412,157413],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157414,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157416,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157418,75763],{"class":58},[52,157420,63],{"class":62},[52,157422,70200],{"class":58},[52,157424,4020],{"class":66},[52,157426,71],{"class":70},[52,157428,152],{"class":66},[52,157430,391],{"class":70},[52,157432,3756],{"class":66},[52,157434,157435],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,157436,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157438,157439,157441,157443,157445],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,157440,119],{"class":118},[52,157442,122],{"class":66},[52,157444,75786],{"class":92},[52,157446,127],{"class":66},[52,157448,157449,157451,157453,157455],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,157450,119],{"class":118},[52,157452,122],{"class":66},[52,157454,939],{"class":92},[52,157456,127],{"class":66},[20,157458,2193],{},[43,157460,157462],{"className":45,"code":157461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157463,157464,157492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157465,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157467,122],{"class":66},[52,157469,3420],{"class":188},[52,157471,1393],{"class":192},[52,157473,3420],{"class":188},[52,157475,74],{"class":66},[52,157477,3415],{"class":188},[52,157479,1491],{"class":192},[52,157481,3420],{"class":188},[52,157483,74],{"class":66},[52,157485,3415],{"class":188},[52,157487,18879],{"class":192},[52,157489,3420],{"class":188},[52,157491,127],{"class":66},[52,157493,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157495,122],{"class":66},[52,157497,3420],{"class":188},[52,157499,30],{"class":192},[52,157501,3420],{"class":188},[52,157503,74],{"class":66},[52,157505,3415],{"class":188},[52,157507,1393],{"class":192},[52,157509,3420],{"class":188},[52,157511,74],{"class":66},[52,157513,3415],{"class":188},[52,157515,1491],{"class":192},[52,157517,3420],{"class":188},[52,157519,74],{"class":66},[52,157521,3415],{"class":188},[52,157523,18879],{"class":192},[52,157525,3420],{"class":188},[52,157527,74],{"class":66},[52,157529,3415],{"class":188},[52,157531,60556],{"class":192},[52,157533,3420],{"class":188},[52,157535,127],{"class":66},[20,157537,157538,157539,89],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[30,157540,147923],{"href":157541},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[38,157543,157545],{"id":157544},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157547,157548],{},"The full syntax is:",[43,157550,157552],{"className":45,"code":157551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157553,157554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157555,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157557,147941],{"class":58},[52,157559,4020],{"class":66},[52,157561,36182],{"class":58},[52,157563,152],{"class":66},[52,157565,75530],{"class":58},[52,157567,152],{"class":66},[52,157569,75533],{"class":58},[52,157571,3756],{"class":66},[20,157573,157574],{},"Each part has a job:",[154,157576,157577,157582,157587],{},[157,157578,157579,157581],{},[15,157580,36182],{},": where slicing begins",[157,157583,157584,157586],{},[15,157585,75530],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[157,157588,157589,157591],{},[15,157590,75533],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157593,157594],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157596,347],{},[43,157598,157600],{"className":45,"code":157599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157601,157602,157634,157638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157603,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157605,59],{"class":58},[52,157607,63],{"class":62},[52,157609,388],{"class":66},[52,157611,2452],{"class":70},[52,157613,74],{"class":66},[52,157615,7908],{"class":70},[52,157617,74],{"class":66},[52,157619,7913],{"class":70},[52,157621,74],{"class":66},[52,157623,50952],{"class":70},[52,157625,74],{"class":66},[52,157627,5198],{"class":70},[52,157629,74],{"class":66},[52,157631,76204],{"class":70},[52,157633,127],{"class":66},[52,157635,157636],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157637,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157639,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157641,119],{"class":118},[52,157643,122],{"class":66},[52,157645,86],{"class":92},[52,157647,4020],{"class":66},[52,157649,71],{"class":70},[52,157651,152],{"class":66},[52,157653,1705],{"class":70},[52,157655,152],{"class":66},[52,157657,99],{"class":70},[52,157659,112],{"class":66},[20,157661,2193],{},[43,157663,157665],{"className":45,"code":157664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157666,157667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157668,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157670,122],{"class":66},[52,157672,15867],{"class":70},[52,157674,74],{"class":66},[52,157676,50952],{"class":70},[52,157678,127],{"class":66},[20,157680,157681,157682,157684,157685,157687,157688,89],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157683,71],{},", stops before index ",[15,157686,1705],{},", and moves by ",[15,157689,99],{},[20,157691,157692,157693,89],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[30,157694,149596],{"href":153022},[38,157696,76120],{"id":76119},[20,157698,157699],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1324,157701,157703,157704,6085],{"id":157702},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157705,76134],{},[43,157707,157709],{"className":45,"code":157708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157710,157711,157739,157743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157712,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157714,59],{"class":58},[52,157716,63],{"class":62},[52,157718,388],{"class":66},[52,157720,2452],{"class":70},[52,157722,74],{"class":66},[52,157724,7908],{"class":70},[52,157726,74],{"class":66},[52,157728,7913],{"class":70},[52,157730,74],{"class":66},[52,157732,50952],{"class":70},[52,157734,74],{"class":66},[52,157736,5198],{"class":70},[52,157738,127],{"class":66},[52,157740,157741],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157742,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157744,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157746,119],{"class":118},[52,157748,122],{"class":66},[52,157750,86],{"class":92},[52,157752,75639],{"class":66},[52,157754,488],{"class":70},[52,157756,112],{"class":66},[20,157758,2193],{},[43,157760,157761],{"className":45,"code":151288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,157762,157763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157764,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157766,122],{"class":66},[52,157768,2452],{"class":70},[52,157770,74],{"class":66},[52,157772,7908],{"class":70},[52,157774,74],{"class":66},[52,157776,7913],{"class":70},[52,157778,127],{"class":66},[1324,157780,157782],{"id":157781},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[43,157784,157786],{"className":45,"code":157785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157787,157788,157816,157820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157789,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157791,59],{"class":58},[52,157793,63],{"class":62},[52,157795,388],{"class":66},[52,157797,2452],{"class":70},[52,157799,74],{"class":66},[52,157801,7908],{"class":70},[52,157803,74],{"class":66},[52,157805,7913],{"class":70},[52,157807,74],{"class":66},[52,157809,50952],{"class":70},[52,157811,74],{"class":66},[52,157813,5198],{"class":70},[52,157815,127],{"class":66},[52,157817,157818],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157819,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157821,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157823,119],{"class":118},[52,157825,122],{"class":66},[52,157827,86],{"class":92},[52,157829,4020],{"class":66},[52,157831,99],{"class":70},[52,157833,77820],{"class":66},[20,157835,2193],{},[43,157837,157839],{"className":45,"code":157838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157840,157841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157842,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157844,122],{"class":66},[52,157846,36948],{"class":70},[52,157848,74],{"class":66},[52,157850,50952],{"class":70},[52,157852,74],{"class":66},[52,157854,5198],{"class":70},[52,157856,127],{"class":66},[1324,157858,157860],{"id":157859},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[43,157862,157864],{"className":45,"code":157863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157865,157866,157894,157898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157867,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157869,59],{"class":58},[52,157871,63],{"class":62},[52,157873,388],{"class":66},[52,157875,2452],{"class":70},[52,157877,74],{"class":66},[52,157879,7908],{"class":70},[52,157881,74],{"class":66},[52,157883,7913],{"class":70},[52,157885,74],{"class":66},[52,157887,50952],{"class":70},[52,157889,74],{"class":66},[52,157891,5198],{"class":70},[52,157893,127],{"class":66},[52,157895,157896],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157897,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157899,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157901,119],{"class":118},[52,157903,122],{"class":66},[52,157905,86],{"class":92},[52,157907,4020],{"class":66},[52,157909,71],{"class":70},[52,157911,152],{"class":66},[52,157913,391],{"class":70},[52,157915,112],{"class":66},[20,157917,2193],{},[43,157919,157921],{"className":45,"code":157920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157922,157923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157924,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157926,122],{"class":66},[52,157928,15867],{"class":70},[52,157930,74],{"class":66},[52,157932,7913],{"class":70},[52,157934,74],{"class":66},[52,157936,50952],{"class":70},[52,157938,127],{"class":66},[1324,157940,157942],{"id":157941},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[43,157944,157946],{"className":45,"code":157945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157947,157948,157980,157984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157949,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157951,59],{"class":58},[52,157953,63],{"class":62},[52,157955,388],{"class":66},[52,157957,2452],{"class":70},[52,157959,74],{"class":66},[52,157961,7908],{"class":70},[52,157963,74],{"class":66},[52,157965,7913],{"class":70},[52,157967,74],{"class":66},[52,157969,50952],{"class":70},[52,157971,74],{"class":66},[52,157973,5198],{"class":70},[52,157975,74],{"class":66},[52,157977,76204],{"class":70},[52,157979,127],{"class":66},[52,157981,157982],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,157983,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,157985,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157987,119],{"class":118},[52,157989,122],{"class":66},[52,157991,86],{"class":92},[52,157993,74226],{"class":66},[52,157995,99],{"class":70},[52,157997,112],{"class":66},[20,157999,2193],{},[43,158001,158003],{"className":45,"code":158002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158004,158005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158006,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158008,122],{"class":66},[52,158010,2452],{"class":70},[52,158012,74],{"class":66},[52,158014,7913],{"class":70},[52,158016,74],{"class":66},[52,158018,5198],{"class":70},[52,158020,127],{"class":66},[1324,158022,158024],{"id":158023},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[43,158026,158028],{"className":45,"code":158027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158029,158030,158058,158062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158031,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158033,59],{"class":58},[52,158035,63],{"class":62},[52,158037,388],{"class":66},[52,158039,2452],{"class":70},[52,158041,74],{"class":66},[52,158043,7908],{"class":70},[52,158045,74],{"class":66},[52,158047,7913],{"class":70},[52,158049,74],{"class":66},[52,158051,50952],{"class":70},[52,158053,74],{"class":66},[52,158055,5198],{"class":70},[52,158057,127],{"class":66},[52,158059,158060],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158061,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158063,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158065,119],{"class":118},[52,158067,122],{"class":66},[52,158069,86],{"class":92},[52,158071,74226],{"class":66},[52,158073,2144],{"class":62},[52,158075,71],{"class":70},[52,158077,112],{"class":66},[20,158079,2193],{},[43,158081,158083],{"className":45,"code":158082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158084,158085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158086,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158088,122],{"class":66},[52,158090,76898],{"class":70},[52,158092,74],{"class":66},[52,158094,50952],{"class":70},[52,158096,74],{"class":66},[52,158098,7913],{"class":70},[52,158100,74],{"class":66},[52,158102,7908],{"class":70},[52,158104,74],{"class":66},[52,158106,6124],{"class":70},[52,158108,127],{"class":66},[38,158110,76414],{"id":76413},[20,158112,154295],{},[20,158114,158115],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1324,158117,158119],{"id":158118},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[43,158121,158123],{"className":45,"code":158122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158124,158125,158157,158161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158126,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158128,59],{"class":58},[52,158130,63],{"class":62},[52,158132,388],{"class":66},[52,158134,2452],{"class":70},[52,158136,74],{"class":66},[52,158138,7908],{"class":70},[52,158140,74],{"class":66},[52,158142,7913],{"class":70},[52,158144,74],{"class":66},[52,158146,50952],{"class":70},[52,158148,74],{"class":66},[52,158150,5198],{"class":70},[52,158152,74],{"class":66},[52,158154,76204],{"class":70},[52,158156,127],{"class":66},[52,158158,158159],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158160,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158162,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158164,119],{"class":118},[52,158166,122],{"class":66},[52,158168,86],{"class":92},[52,158170,4020],{"class":66},[52,158172,2144],{"class":62},[52,158174,488],{"class":70},[52,158176,77820],{"class":66},[20,158178,2193],{},[43,158180,158182],{"className":45,"code":158181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158183,158184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158185,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158187,122],{"class":66},[52,158189,56802],{"class":70},[52,158191,74],{"class":66},[52,158193,5198],{"class":70},[52,158195,74],{"class":66},[52,158197,76204],{"class":70},[52,158199,127],{"class":66},[1324,158201,158203],{"id":158202},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[43,158205,158207],{"className":45,"code":158206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158208,158209,158237,158241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158212,59],{"class":58},[52,158214,63],{"class":62},[52,158216,388],{"class":66},[52,158218,2452],{"class":70},[52,158220,74],{"class":66},[52,158222,7908],{"class":70},[52,158224,74],{"class":66},[52,158226,7913],{"class":70},[52,158228,74],{"class":66},[52,158230,50952],{"class":70},[52,158232,74],{"class":66},[52,158234,5198],{"class":70},[52,158236,127],{"class":66},[52,158238,158239],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158240,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158242,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158244,119],{"class":118},[52,158246,122],{"class":66},[52,158248,86],{"class":92},[52,158250,75639],{"class":66},[52,158252,2144],{"class":62},[52,158254,71],{"class":70},[52,158256,112],{"class":66},[20,158258,2193],{},[43,158260,158262],{"className":45,"code":158261,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158263,158264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158265,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158267,122],{"class":66},[52,158269,2452],{"class":70},[52,158271,74],{"class":66},[52,158273,7908],{"class":70},[52,158275,74],{"class":66},[52,158277,7913],{"class":70},[52,158279,74],{"class":66},[52,158281,50952],{"class":70},[52,158283,127],{"class":66},[20,158285,158286,158287,89],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[30,158288,150845],{"href":157179},[38,158290,158292],{"id":158291},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158294,2100,158295,158297],{},[15,158296,75533],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[154,158299,158300,158302,158304,158310],{},[157,158301,76670],{},[157,158303,76673],{},[157,158305,158306,158309],{},[15,158307,158308],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[157,158311,158312,158313,158315],{},"A step of ",[15,158314,2243],{}," is not allowed",[20,158317,158318],{},"Example with a positive step:",[43,158320,158322],{"className":45,"code":158321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158323,158324,158356,158360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158325,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158327,59],{"class":58},[52,158329,63],{"class":62},[52,158331,388],{"class":66},[52,158333,2452],{"class":70},[52,158335,74],{"class":66},[52,158337,7908],{"class":70},[52,158339,74],{"class":66},[52,158341,7913],{"class":70},[52,158343,74],{"class":66},[52,158345,50952],{"class":70},[52,158347,74],{"class":66},[52,158349,5198],{"class":70},[52,158351,74],{"class":66},[52,158353,76204],{"class":70},[52,158355,127],{"class":66},[52,158357,158358],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158359,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158361,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158363,119],{"class":118},[52,158365,122],{"class":66},[52,158367,86],{"class":92},[52,158369,4020],{"class":66},[52,158371,71],{"class":70},[52,158373,152],{"class":66},[52,158375,404],{"class":70},[52,158377,152],{"class":66},[52,158379,99],{"class":70},[52,158381,112],{"class":66},[20,158383,2193],{},[43,158385,158387],{"className":45,"code":158386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158388,158389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158390,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158392,122],{"class":66},[52,158394,15867],{"class":70},[52,158396,74],{"class":66},[52,158398,50952],{"class":70},[52,158400,74],{"class":66},[52,158402,76204],{"class":70},[52,158404,127],{"class":66},[20,158406,158407],{},"Example with a negative step:",[43,158409,158411],{"className":45,"code":158410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158412,158413,158441,158445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158416,59],{"class":58},[52,158418,63],{"class":62},[52,158420,388],{"class":66},[52,158422,2452],{"class":70},[52,158424,74],{"class":66},[52,158426,7908],{"class":70},[52,158428,74],{"class":66},[52,158430,7913],{"class":70},[52,158432,74],{"class":66},[52,158434,50952],{"class":70},[52,158436,74],{"class":66},[52,158438,5198],{"class":70},[52,158440,127],{"class":66},[52,158442,158443],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158444,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158446,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158448,119],{"class":118},[52,158450,122],{"class":66},[52,158452,86],{"class":92},[52,158454,4020],{"class":66},[52,158456,391],{"class":70},[52,158458,152],{"class":66},[52,158460,71],{"class":70},[52,158462,152],{"class":66},[52,158464,2144],{"class":62},[52,158466,71],{"class":70},[52,158468,112],{"class":66},[20,158470,2193],{},[43,158472,158474],{"className":45,"code":158473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158475,158476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158477,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158479,122],{"class":66},[52,158481,76898],{"class":70},[52,158483,74],{"class":66},[52,158485,50952],{"class":70},[52,158487,74],{"class":66},[52,158489,7913],{"class":70},[52,158491,127],{"class":66},[20,158493,158494],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[43,158496,158498],{"className":45,"code":158497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158499,158500,158520,158524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158501,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158503,59],{"class":58},[52,158505,63],{"class":62},[52,158507,388],{"class":66},[52,158509,2452],{"class":70},[52,158511,74],{"class":66},[52,158513,7908],{"class":70},[52,158515,74],{"class":66},[52,158517,7913],{"class":70},[52,158519,127],{"class":66},[52,158521,158522],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158523,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158525,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158527,119],{"class":118},[52,158529,122],{"class":66},[52,158531,86],{"class":92},[52,158533,74226],{"class":66},[52,158535,2243],{"class":70},[52,158537,112],{"class":66},[20,158539,158540],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[38,158542,158544],{"id":158543},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158546,158547,158548,33848],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[984,158549,49061],{},[1324,158551,158553],{"id":158552},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[43,158555,158557],{"className":45,"code":158556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158558,158559,158583,158587,158605,158609,158619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158560,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158562,59],{"class":58},[52,158564,63],{"class":62},[52,158566,388],{"class":66},[52,158568,2452],{"class":70},[52,158570,74],{"class":66},[52,158572,7908],{"class":70},[52,158574,74],{"class":66},[52,158576,7913],{"class":70},[52,158578,74],{"class":66},[52,158580,50952],{"class":70},[52,158582,127],{"class":66},[52,158584,158585],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158586,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158588,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158590,474],{"class":58},[52,158592,63],{"class":62},[52,158594,479],{"class":58},[52,158596,4020],{"class":66},[52,158598,71],{"class":70},[52,158600,152],{"class":66},[52,158602,488],{"class":70},[52,158604,3756],{"class":66},[52,158606,158607],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,158608,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158610,158611,158613,158615,158617],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,158612,119],{"class":118},[52,158614,122],{"class":66},[52,158616,507],{"class":92},[52,158618,127],{"class":66},[52,158620,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,158622,119],{"class":118},[52,158624,122],{"class":66},[52,158626,3340],{"class":3020},[52,158628,122],{"class":66},[52,158630,507],{"class":92},[52,158632,2150],{"class":66},[20,158634,2193],{},[43,158636,158638],{"className":45,"code":158637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158639,158640,158652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158641,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158643,122],{"class":66},[52,158645,15867],{"class":70},[52,158647,74],{"class":66},[52,158649,7913],{"class":70},[52,158651,127],{"class":66},[52,158653,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158655,3409],{"class":62},[52,158657,3412],{"class":2187},[52,158659,3415],{"class":188},[52,158661,49061],{"class":192},[52,158663,3420],{"class":188},[52,158665,3423],{"class":62},[1324,158667,158669],{"id":158668},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[43,158671,158673],{"className":45,"code":158672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158674,158675,158695,158699,158717,158721,158731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158676,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158678,59],{"class":58},[52,158680,63],{"class":62},[52,158682,388],{"class":66},[52,158684,2452],{"class":70},[52,158686,74],{"class":66},[52,158688,7908],{"class":70},[52,158690,74],{"class":66},[52,158692,7913],{"class":70},[52,158694,127],{"class":66},[52,158696,158697],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158698,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158700,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158702,474],{"class":58},[52,158704,63],{"class":62},[52,158706,479],{"class":58},[52,158708,4020],{"class":66},[52,158710,71],{"class":70},[52,158712,152],{"class":66},[52,158714,99],{"class":70},[52,158716,3756],{"class":66},[52,158718,158719],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,158720,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158722,158723,158725,158727,158729],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,158724,119],{"class":118},[52,158726,122],{"class":66},[52,158728,507],{"class":92},[52,158730,127],{"class":66},[52,158732,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,158734,119],{"class":118},[52,158736,122],{"class":66},[52,158738,3340],{"class":3020},[52,158740,122],{"class":66},[52,158742,507],{"class":92},[52,158744,2150],{"class":66},[20,158746,2193],{},[43,158748,158750],{"className":45,"code":158749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158751,158752,158760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158753,158754,158756,158758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158755,122],{"class":66},[52,158757,15867],{"class":70},[52,158759,149279],{"class":66},[52,158761,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770,158772],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158763,3409],{"class":62},[52,158765,3412],{"class":2187},[52,158767,3415],{"class":188},[52,158769,49061],{"class":192},[52,158771,3420],{"class":188},[52,158773,3423],{"class":62},[1324,158775,158777],{"id":158776},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[43,158779,158781],{"className":45,"code":158780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158782,158783,158803,158807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158784,158785,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158786,59],{"class":58},[52,158788,63],{"class":62},[52,158790,388],{"class":66},[52,158792,2452],{"class":70},[52,158794,74],{"class":66},[52,158796,7908],{"class":70},[52,158798,74],{"class":66},[52,158800,7913],{"class":70},[52,158802,127],{"class":66},[52,158804,158805],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158806,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158810,119],{"class":118},[52,158812,122],{"class":66},[52,158814,86],{"class":92},[52,158816,4020],{"class":66},[52,158818,1705],{"class":70},[52,158820,152],{"class":66},[52,158822,2467],{"class":70},[52,158824,112],{"class":66},[20,158826,2193],{},[43,158828,158829],{"className":45,"code":8764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,158830,158831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158832,158833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158834,8764],{"class":66},[20,158836,158837,158838,89],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[30,158839,156015],{"href":150902},[38,158841,158843],{"id":158842},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158845,158846],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[154,158848,158849,158851,158854,158859],{},[157,158850,76979],{},[157,158852,158853],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[157,158855,158856,158857],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158858,70835],{},[157,158860,158861],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158863,347],{},[43,158865,158867],{"className":45,"code":158866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158868,158869,158889,158893,158910,158931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158870,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158872,59],{"class":58},[52,158874,63],{"class":62},[52,158876,388],{"class":66},[52,158878,2452],{"class":70},[52,158880,74],{"class":66},[52,158882,7908],{"class":70},[52,158884,74],{"class":66},[52,158886,7913],{"class":70},[52,158888,127],{"class":66},[52,158890,158891],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158892,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,158894,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158896,119],{"class":118},[52,158898,122],{"class":66},[52,158900,86],{"class":92},[52,158902,4020],{"class":66},[52,158904,71],{"class":70},[52,158906,20557],{"class":66},[52,158908,158909],{"class":133},"    # one item\n",[52,158911,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,158913,119],{"class":118},[52,158915,122],{"class":66},[52,158917,86],{"class":92},[52,158919,4020],{"class":66},[52,158921,71],{"class":70},[52,158923,152],{"class":66},[52,158925,1705],{"class":70},[52,158927,20557],{"class":66},[52,158929,158930],{"class":133},"  # slice\n",[52,158932,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,158934,119],{"class":118},[52,158936,122],{"class":66},[52,158938,86],{"class":92},[52,158940,4020],{"class":66},[52,158942,1705],{"class":70},[52,158944,152],{"class":66},[52,158946,2467],{"class":70},[52,158948,20557],{"class":66},[52,158950,158951],{"class":133},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158953,2193],{},[43,158955,158957],{"className":45,"code":158956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158958,158959,158963,158975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158960,158961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158962,71328],{"class":70},[52,158964,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,158966,122],{"class":66},[52,158968,15867],{"class":70},[52,158970,74],{"class":66},[52,158972,7913],{"class":70},[52,158974,127],{"class":66},[52,158976,158977],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158978,8764],{"class":66},[20,158980,158981],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[43,158983,158985],{"className":45,"code":158984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158986,158987,159007,159011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158988,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158990,59],{"class":58},[52,158992,63],{"class":62},[52,158994,388],{"class":66},[52,158996,2452],{"class":70},[52,158998,74],{"class":66},[52,159000,7908],{"class":70},[52,159002,74],{"class":66},[52,159004,7913],{"class":70},[52,159006,127],{"class":66},[52,159008,159009],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159010,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,159012,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159014,119],{"class":118},[52,159016,122],{"class":66},[52,159018,86],{"class":92},[52,159020,4020],{"class":66},[52,159022,1705],{"class":70},[52,159024,112],{"class":66},[20,159026,159027,159028,159030,159031,89],{},"This raises an ",[15,159029,70835],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[30,159032,154768],{"href":159033},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[38,159035,15291],{"id":77246},[20,159037,159038],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[154,159040,159041,159044,159046,159049],{},[157,159042,159043],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[157,159045,60801],{},[157,159047,159048],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[157,159050,159051,159052],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159053,2243],{},[20,159055,159056],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1324,159058,159060],{"id":159059},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[43,159062,159063],{"className":45,"code":157863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159064,159065,159093,159097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159066,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159068,59],{"class":58},[52,159070,63],{"class":62},[52,159072,388],{"class":66},[52,159074,2452],{"class":70},[52,159076,74],{"class":66},[52,159078,7908],{"class":70},[52,159080,74],{"class":66},[52,159082,7913],{"class":70},[52,159084,74],{"class":66},[52,159086,50952],{"class":70},[52,159088,74],{"class":66},[52,159090,5198],{"class":70},[52,159092,127],{"class":66},[52,159094,159095],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159096,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,159098,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159100,119],{"class":118},[52,159102,122],{"class":66},[52,159104,86],{"class":92},[52,159106,4020],{"class":66},[52,159108,71],{"class":70},[52,159110,152],{"class":66},[52,159112,391],{"class":70},[52,159114,112],{"class":66},[20,159116,2193],{},[43,159118,159119],{"className":45,"code":157920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159120,159121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159122,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159124,122],{"class":66},[52,159126,15867],{"class":70},[52,159128,74],{"class":66},[52,159130,7913],{"class":70},[52,159132,74],{"class":66},[52,159134,50952],{"class":70},[52,159136,127],{"class":66},[20,159138,132347,159139,159141],{},[15,159140,391],{}," is not included.",[1324,159143,159145],{"id":159144},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159147,4643],{},[43,159149,159151],{"className":45,"code":159150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159152,159153,159177,159181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159154,159155,159157,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159156,59],{"class":58},[52,159158,63],{"class":62},[52,159160,388],{"class":66},[52,159162,2452],{"class":70},[52,159164,74],{"class":66},[52,159166,7908],{"class":70},[52,159168,74],{"class":66},[52,159170,7913],{"class":70},[52,159172,74],{"class":66},[52,159174,50952],{"class":70},[52,159176,127],{"class":66},[52,159178,159179],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159180,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,159182,159183],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159184,159185],{"class":133},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159187,159188],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[43,159190,159191],{"className":45,"code":154848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159192,159193,159217,159221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159194,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159196,59],{"class":58},[52,159198,63],{"class":62},[52,159200,388],{"class":66},[52,159202,2452],{"class":70},[52,159204,74],{"class":66},[52,159206,7908],{"class":70},[52,159208,74],{"class":66},[52,159210,7913],{"class":70},[52,159212,74],{"class":66},[52,159214,50952],{"class":70},[52,159216,127],{"class":66},[52,159218,159219],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159220,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,159222,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159224,119],{"class":118},[52,159226,122],{"class":66},[52,159228,86],{"class":92},[52,159230,4020],{"class":66},[52,159232,71],{"class":70},[52,159234,152],{"class":66},[52,159236,488],{"class":70},[52,159238,112],{"class":66},[1324,159240,159242],{"id":159241},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[43,159244,159246],{"className":45,"code":159245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159247,159248,159272,159276,159291,159295,159306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159249,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159251,59],{"class":58},[52,159253,63],{"class":62},[52,159255,388],{"class":66},[52,159257,2452],{"class":70},[52,159259,74],{"class":66},[52,159261,7908],{"class":70},[52,159263,74],{"class":66},[52,159265,7913],{"class":70},[52,159267,74],{"class":66},[52,159269,50952],{"class":70},[52,159271,127],{"class":66},[52,159273,159274],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159275,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,159277,159278,159281,159283,159285,159287,159289],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159279,159280],{"class":58},"slice_result ",[52,159282,63],{"class":62},[52,159284,479],{"class":58},[52,159286,75639],{"class":66},[52,159288,99],{"class":70},[52,159290,3756],{"class":66},[52,159292,159293],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,159294,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,159296,159297,159299,159301,159304],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,159298,119],{"class":118},[52,159300,122],{"class":66},[52,159302,159303],{"class":92},"slice_result",[52,159305,127],{"class":66},[52,159307,159308,159310,159312,159314],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,159309,119],{"class":118},[52,159311,122],{"class":66},[52,159313,86],{"class":92},[52,159315,127],{"class":66},[20,159317,2193],{},[43,159319,159321],{"className":45,"code":159320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159322,159323,159335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159324,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159326,122],{"class":66},[52,159328,2452],{"class":70},[52,159330,74],{"class":66},[52,159332,7908],{"class":70},[52,159334,127],{"class":66},[52,159336,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345,159347,159349,159351,159353],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159338,122],{"class":66},[52,159340,2452],{"class":70},[52,159342,74],{"class":66},[52,159344,7908],{"class":70},[52,159346,74],{"class":66},[52,159348,7913],{"class":70},[52,159350,74],{"class":66},[52,159352,50952],{"class":70},[52,159354,127],{"class":66},[20,159356,159357],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[38,159359,113797],{"id":113796},[20,159361,159362],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[154,159364,159365,159368,159371,159377,159380],{},[157,159366,159367],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[157,159369,159370],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[157,159372,159373,159374],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159375,159376],{},"tuple[::0]",[157,159378,159379],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[157,159381,159382],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159384,159385],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[43,159387,159389],{"className":45,"code":159388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159390,159391,159401,159419,159441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159392,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159394,119],{"class":118},[52,159396,122],{"class":66},[52,159398,147941],{"class":92},[52,159400,127],{"class":66},[52,159402,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159404,119],{"class":118},[52,159406,122],{"class":66},[52,159408,147941],{"class":92},[52,159410,4020],{"class":66},[52,159412,71],{"class":70},[52,159414,152],{"class":66},[52,159416,391],{"class":70},[52,159418,112],{"class":66},[52,159420,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159422,119],{"class":118},[52,159424,122],{"class":66},[52,159426,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159428,122],{"class":66},[52,159430,147941],{"class":92},[52,159432,4020],{"class":66},[52,159434,71],{"class":70},[52,159436,152],{"class":66},[52,159438,391],{"class":70},[52,159440,3117],{"class":66},[52,159442,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,159444,119],{"class":118},[52,159446,122],{"class":66},[52,159448,11279],{"class":118},[52,159450,122],{"class":66},[52,159452,147941],{"class":92},[52,159454,2150],{"class":66},[20,159456,11288],{},[154,159458,159459,159461,159464,159467],{},[157,159460,155155],{},[157,159462,159463],{},"what the slice actually returns",[157,159465,159466],{},"that the result is a tuple",[157,159468,159469],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[38,159471,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,159473,159475],{"id":159474},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159477,159478],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1324,159480,159482],{"id":159481},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159484,159485],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1324,159487,5260,159489,40067],{"id":159488},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159490,158308],{},[20,159492,159493],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1324,159495,159497,159498,1964],{"id":159496},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159499,70835],{},[20,159501,159502,159503,89],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159504,70835],{},[38,159506,1996],{"id":1995},[154,159508,159509,159513,159517,159521,159525],{},[157,159510,159511],{},[30,159512,156015],{"href":150902},[157,159514,159515],{},[30,159516,149596],{"href":153022},[157,159518,159519],{},[30,159520,150845],{"href":157179},[157,159522,159523],{},[30,159524,147923],{"href":157541},[157,159526,159527],{},[30,159528,154768],{"href":159033},[2044,159530,159531],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":159533},[159534,159535,159536,159537,159545,159549,159550,159555,159556,159561,159562,159570],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":157341,"depth":83,"text":157342},{"id":157544,"depth":83,"text":157545},{"id":76119,"depth":83,"text":76120,"children":159538},[159539,159541,159542,159543,159544],{"id":157702,"depth":115,"text":159540},"Get the first n items",{"id":157781,"depth":115,"text":157782},{"id":157859,"depth":115,"text":157860},{"id":157941,"depth":115,"text":157942},{"id":158023,"depth":115,"text":158024},{"id":76413,"depth":83,"text":76414,"children":159546},[159547,159548],{"id":158118,"depth":115,"text":158119},{"id":158202,"depth":115,"text":158203},{"id":158291,"depth":83,"text":158292},{"id":158543,"depth":83,"text":158544,"children":159551},[159552,159553,159554],{"id":158552,"depth":115,"text":158553},{"id":158668,"depth":115,"text":158669},{"id":158776,"depth":115,"text":158777},{"id":158842,"depth":83,"text":158843},{"id":77246,"depth":83,"text":15291,"children":159557},[159558,159559,159560],{"id":159059,"depth":115,"text":159060},{"id":159144,"depth":115,"text":159145},{"id":159241,"depth":115,"text":159242},{"id":113796,"depth":83,"text":113797},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":159563},[159564,159565,159566,159568],{"id":159474,"depth":115,"text":159475},{"id":159481,"depth":115,"text":159482},{"id":159488,"depth":115,"text":159567},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159496,"depth":115,"text":159569},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157185,"description":159571},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159578,"title":159579,"body":159580,"description":161403,"extension":2083,"meta":161404,"navigation":240,"path":34916,"seo":161405,"stem":161406,"__hash__":161407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159581,"toc":161369},[159582,159587,159592,159596,159614,159617,159632,159638,159640,159697,159699,159731,159743,159749,159754,159757,159792,159798,159800,159803,159817,159820,159822,159845,159847,159865,159868,159884,159886,159889,160002,160004,160093,160096,160101,160107,160110,160113,160212,160214,160273,160278,160281,160350,160354,160386,160402,160407,160414,160421,160433,160435,160484,160486,160509,160515,160563,160568,160575,160583,160589,160592,160616,160619,160621,160697,160699,160724,160730,160733,160738,160742,160756,160758,160821,160823,160855,160858,160874,160876,160882,160889,160891,160910,160912,160930,160937,160942,160949,160951,160988,160991,160998,161002,161005,161063,161066,161069,161124,161126,161138,161144,161146,161150,161183,161190,161192,161255,161258,161260,161265,161279,161286,161294,161303,161312,161318,161324,161326,161366],[10,159583,3697,159585,3701],{"id":159584},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159586,2423],{},[20,159588,32424,159589,159591],{},[15,159590,2423],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159593,62872,159594,104648],{},[15,159595,2423],{},[154,159597,159598,159601,159604,159607],{},[157,159599,159600],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[157,159602,159603],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[157,159605,159606],{},"debug confusing code",[157,159608,159609,159610],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[30,159611,159612],{"href":8339},[15,159613,3077],{},[20,159615,159616],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[43,159618,159620],{"className":45,"code":159619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(object)\n",[15,159621,159622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159623,159624,159626,159628,159630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159625,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159627,122],{"class":66},[52,159629,42507],{"class":3020},[52,159631,127],{"class":66},[20,159633,159634,159635,159637],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159636,2423],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[38,159639,41],{"id":40},[43,159641,159643],{"className":45,"code":159642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159644,159645,159657,159671,159675,159683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159646,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159648,7995],{"class":58},[52,159650,63],{"class":62},[52,159652,200],{"class":188},[52,159654,5121],{"class":192},[52,159656,3479],{"class":188},[52,159658,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159660,119],{"class":118},[52,159662,122],{"class":66},[52,159664,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159666,122],{"class":66},[52,159668,7786],{"class":92},[52,159670,2150],{"class":66},[52,159672,159673],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159674,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,159676,159677,159679,159681],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,159678,2339],{"class":58},[52,159680,63],{"class":62},[52,159682,2704],{"class":70},[52,159684,159685,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,159686,119],{"class":118},[52,159688,122],{"class":66},[52,159690,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159692,122],{"class":66},[52,159694,2361],{"class":92},[52,159696,2150],{"class":66},[20,159698,2193],{},[43,159700,159701],{"className":45,"code":125008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159702,159703,159717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159704,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159706,3409],{"class":62},[52,159708,3412],{"class":2187},[52,159710,3415],{"class":188},[52,159712,3564],{"class":192},[52,159714,3420],{"class":188},[52,159716,3423],{"class":62},[52,159718,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159720,3409],{"class":62},[52,159722,3412],{"class":2187},[52,159724,3415],{"class":188},[52,159726,2310],{"class":192},[52,159728,3420],{"class":188},[52,159730,3423],{"class":62},[20,159732,137,159733,159736,159737,668,159740,89],{},[15,159734,159735],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159738,159739],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159741,159742],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[38,159744,13113,159746,159748],{"id":159745},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159747,2423],{}," function does",[20,159750,159751,159753],{},[15,159752,2423],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159755,159756],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[154,159758,159759,159764,159769,159774,159779,159784],{},[157,159760,159761,159763],{},[15,159762,3564],{}," for text",[157,159765,159766,159768],{},[15,159767,2310],{}," for whole numbers",[157,159770,159771,159773],{},[15,159772,2314],{}," for decimal numbers",[157,159775,159776,159778],{},[15,159777,8213],{}," for lists",[157,159780,159781,159783],{},[15,159782,8943],{}," for dictionaries",[157,159785,159786,69199,159788,668,159790],{},[15,159787,3987],{},[15,159789,3726],{},[15,159791,3795],{},[20,159793,159794,159795,159797],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159796,2423],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[38,159799,268],{"id":267},[20,159801,159802],{},"The main beginner form is:",[43,159804,159805],{"className":45,"code":159619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159806,159807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159808,159809,159811,159813,159815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159810,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159812,122],{"class":66},[52,159814,42507],{"class":3020},[52,159816,127],{"class":66},[20,159818,159819],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159821,347],{},[43,159823,159825],{"className":45,"code":159824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159826,159827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159828,159829,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841,159843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159830,119],{"class":118},[52,159832,122],{"class":66},[52,159834,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159836,122],{"class":66},[52,159838,189],{"class":188},[52,159840,3964],{"class":192},[52,159842,189],{"class":188},[52,159844,2150],{"class":66},[20,159846,2193],{},[43,159848,159849],{"className":45,"code":45879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159850,159851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159852,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159854,3409],{"class":62},[52,159856,3412],{"class":2187},[52,159858,3415],{"class":188},[52,159860,3564],{"class":192},[52,159862,3420],{"class":188},[52,159864,3423],{"class":62},[20,159866,159867],{},"You can pass either:",[154,159869,159870,159877],{},[157,159871,159872,159873,2996,159875],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159874,64640],{},[15,159876,46633],{},[157,159878,159879,159880,2996,159882],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159881,7786],{},[15,159883,9420],{},[38,159885,121820],{"id":121819},[20,159887,159888],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[43,159890,159892],{"className":45,"code":159891,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159893,159894,159912,159926,159940,159962,159988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159895,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159897,119],{"class":118},[52,159899,122],{"class":66},[52,159901,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159903,122],{"class":66},[52,159905,189],{"class":188},[52,159907,3964],{"class":192},[52,159909,189],{"class":188},[52,159911,2150],{"class":66},[52,159913,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,159915,119],{"class":118},[52,159917,122],{"class":66},[52,159919,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159921,122],{"class":66},[52,159923,2452],{"class":70},[52,159925,2150],{"class":66},[52,159927,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159929,119],{"class":118},[52,159931,122],{"class":66},[52,159933,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159935,122],{"class":66},[52,159937,40250],{"class":70},[52,159939,2150],{"class":66},[52,159941,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,159943,119],{"class":118},[52,159945,122],{"class":66},[52,159947,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159949,96],{"class":66},[52,159951,71],{"class":70},[52,159953,74],{"class":66},[52,159955,77],{"class":70},[52,159957,74],{"class":66},[52,159959,104],{"class":70},[52,159961,3117],{"class":66},[52,159963,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,159965,119],{"class":118},[52,159967,122],{"class":66},[52,159969,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159971,5648],{"class":66},[52,159973,189],{"class":188},[52,159975,7786],{"class":192},[52,159977,189],{"class":188},[52,159979,152],{"class":66},[52,159981,200],{"class":188},[52,159983,5121],{"class":192},[52,159985,189],{"class":188},[52,159987,5657],{"class":66},[52,159989,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,159991,119],{"class":118},[52,159993,122],{"class":66},[52,159995,3340],{"class":3020},[52,159997,122],{"class":66},[52,159999,3726],{"class":3971},[52,160001,2150],{"class":66},[20,160003,2193],{},[43,160005,160007],{"className":45,"code":160006,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160008,160009,160023,160037,160051,160065,160079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160010,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160012,3409],{"class":62},[52,160014,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160016,3415],{"class":188},[52,160018,3564],{"class":192},[52,160020,3420],{"class":188},[52,160022,3423],{"class":62},[52,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160026,3409],{"class":62},[52,160028,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160030,3415],{"class":188},[52,160032,2310],{"class":192},[52,160034,3420],{"class":188},[52,160036,3423],{"class":62},[52,160038,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160040,3409],{"class":62},[52,160042,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160044,3415],{"class":188},[52,160046,2314],{"class":192},[52,160048,3420],{"class":188},[52,160050,3423],{"class":62},[52,160052,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,160054,3409],{"class":62},[52,160056,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160058,3415],{"class":188},[52,160060,8213],{"class":192},[52,160062,3420],{"class":188},[52,160064,3423],{"class":62},[52,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,160068,3409],{"class":62},[52,160070,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160072,3415],{"class":188},[52,160074,8943],{"class":192},[52,160076,3420],{"class":188},[52,160078,3423],{"class":62},[52,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,160082,3409],{"class":62},[52,160084,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160086,3415],{"class":188},[52,160088,3987],{"class":192},[52,160090,3420],{"class":188},[52,160092,3423],{"class":62},[20,160094,160095],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160097,160098,160099,89],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[30,160100,44906],{"href":49086},[38,160102,8538,160104,160106],{"id":160103},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160105,2423],{}," with variables",[20,160108,160109],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160111,160112],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[43,160114,160116],{"className":45,"code":160115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160117,160118,160126,160144,160148,160160,160178,160182,160194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160119,160120,160122,160124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160121,2568],{"class":58},[52,160123,63],{"class":62},[52,160125,2704],{"class":70},[52,160127,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138,160140,160142],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160129,119],{"class":118},[52,160131,122],{"class":66},[52,160133,2593],{"class":92},[52,160135,74],{"class":66},[52,160137,49498],{"class":3020},[52,160139,122],{"class":66},[52,160141,2593],{"class":92},[52,160143,2150],{"class":66},[52,160145,160146],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160147,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,160149,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,160151,2568],{"class":58},[52,160153,63],{"class":62},[52,160155,200],{"class":188},[52,160157,46016],{"class":192},[52,160159,3479],{"class":188},[52,160161,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172,160174,160176],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,160163,119],{"class":118},[52,160165,122],{"class":66},[52,160167,2593],{"class":92},[52,160169,74],{"class":66},[52,160171,49498],{"class":3020},[52,160173,122],{"class":66},[52,160175,2593],{"class":92},[52,160177,2150],{"class":66},[52,160179,160180],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,160181,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,160183,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,160185,2568],{"class":58},[52,160187,63],{"class":62},[52,160189,3743],{"class":66},[52,160191,2452],{"class":70},[52,160193,3756],{"class":66},[52,160195,160196,160198,160200,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210],{"class":54,"line":887},[52,160197,119],{"class":118},[52,160199,122],{"class":66},[52,160201,2593],{"class":92},[52,160203,74],{"class":66},[52,160205,49498],{"class":3020},[52,160207,122],{"class":66},[52,160209,2593],{"class":92},[52,160211,2150],{"class":66},[20,160213,2193],{},[43,160215,160217],{"className":45,"code":160216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160218,160219,160236,160253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160220,160221,160223,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160222,2452],{"class":70},[52,160224,160225],{"class":62}," \u003C",[52,160227,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160229,3415],{"class":188},[52,160231,2310],{"class":192},[52,160233,3420],{"class":188},[52,160235,3423],{"class":62},[52,160237,160238,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160239,160240],{"class":58},"ten ",[52,160242,3409],{"class":62},[52,160244,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160246,3415],{"class":188},[52,160248,3564],{"class":192},[52,160250,3420],{"class":188},[52,160252,3423],{"class":62},[52,160254,160255,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267,160269,160271],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160256,4020],{"class":66},[52,160258,2452],{"class":70},[52,160260,13388],{"class":66},[52,160262,160225],{"class":62},[52,160264,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160266,3415],{"class":188},[52,160268,8213],{"class":192},[52,160270,3420],{"class":188},[52,160272,3423],{"class":62},[20,160274,160275,160277],{},[15,160276,2423],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160279,160280],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[43,160282,160284],{"className":45,"code":160283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160285,160286,160304,160318,160322,160336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160287,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160289,3512],{"class":58},[52,160291,63],{"class":62},[52,160293,8362],{"class":118},[52,160295,122],{"class":66},[52,160297,189],{"class":188},[52,160299,41979],{"class":192},[52,160301,189],{"class":188},[52,160303,127],{"class":66},[52,160305,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160307,119],{"class":118},[52,160309,122],{"class":66},[52,160311,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160313,122],{"class":66},[52,160315,3538],{"class":92},[52,160317,2150],{"class":66},[52,160319,160320],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160321,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,160323,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332,160334],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,160325,122932],{"class":58},[52,160327,63],{"class":62},[52,160329,45385],{"class":3020},[52,160331,122],{"class":66},[52,160333,3538],{"class":92},[52,160335,127],{"class":66},[52,160337,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346,160348],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,160339,119],{"class":118},[52,160341,122],{"class":66},[52,160343,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160345,122],{"class":66},[52,160347,122955],{"class":92},[52,160349,2150],{"class":66},[20,160351,41228,160352,41232],{},[15,160353,9316],{},[43,160355,160356],{"className":45,"code":125008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160357,160358,160372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160359,160360,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160361,3409],{"class":62},[52,160363,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160365,3415],{"class":188},[52,160367,3564],{"class":192},[52,160369,3420],{"class":188},[52,160371,3423],{"class":62},[52,160373,160374,160376,160378,160380,160382,160384],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160375,3409],{"class":62},[52,160377,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160379,3415],{"class":188},[52,160381,2310],{"class":192},[52,160383,3420],{"class":188},[52,160385,3423],{"class":62},[20,160387,45812,160388,160392,160393,2996,160397,160401],{},[30,160389,160390],{"href":8339},[15,160391,3077],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[30,160394,160395],{"href":2992},[15,160396,2995],{},[30,160398,160399],{"href":2999},[15,160400,3002],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160403,160404,160405,89],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[30,160406,9103],{"href":9102},[38,160408,160410,1083,160412],{"id":160409},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160411,2423],{},[15,160413,44914],{},[20,160415,160416,668,160418,160420],{},[15,160417,2423],{},[15,160419,44914],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[154,160422,160423,160428],{},[157,160424,160425,160427],{},[15,160426,2423],{}," tells you the exact type",[157,160429,160430,160432],{},[15,160431,44914],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160434,347],{},[43,160436,160438],{"className":45,"code":160437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160439,160440,160448,160452,160466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160441,160442,160444,160446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160443,2568],{"class":58},[52,160445,63],{"class":62},[52,160447,34950],{"class":70},[52,160449,160450],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160451,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,160453,160454,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160455,119],{"class":118},[52,160457,122],{"class":66},[52,160459,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160461,122],{"class":66},[52,160463,2593],{"class":92},[52,160465,2150],{"class":66},[52,160467,160468,160470,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160482],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,160469,119],{"class":118},[52,160471,122],{"class":66},[52,160473,48983],{"class":118},[52,160475,122],{"class":66},[52,160477,2593],{"class":92},[52,160479,74],{"class":66},[52,160481,45385],{"class":3020},[52,160483,2150],{"class":66},[20,160485,2193],{},[43,160487,160489],{"className":45,"code":160488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160490,160491,160505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160492,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501,160503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160494,3409],{"class":62},[52,160496,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160498,3415],{"class":188},[52,160500,2310],{"class":192},[52,160502,3420],{"class":188},[52,160504,3423],{"class":62},[52,160506,160507],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160508,4100],{"class":3971},[20,160510,160511,160512,160514],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160513,44914],{}," is more practical.",[43,160516,160518],{"className":45,"code":160517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160519,160520,160528,160532,160548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160521,160522,160524,160526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160523,2568],{"class":58},[52,160525,63],{"class":62},[52,160527,34950],{"class":70},[52,160529,160530],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160531,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,160533,160534,160536,160538,160540,160542,160544,160546],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160535,7115],{"class":3996},[52,160537,49721],{"class":118},[52,160539,122],{"class":66},[52,160541,2593],{"class":92},[52,160543,74],{"class":66},[52,160545,45385],{"class":3020},[52,160547,8462],{"class":66},[52,160549,160550,160552,160554,160556,160559,160561],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,160551,8188],{"class":118},[52,160553,122],{"class":66},[52,160555,189],{"class":188},[52,160557,160558],{"class":192},"This is an integer",[52,160560,189],{"class":188},[52,160562,127],{"class":66},[20,160564,137,160565,160567],{},[15,160566,2423],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160569,137,160570,160572,160573,7290],{},[15,160571,44914],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160574,7115],{},[20,160576,160577,160578,89],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[30,160579,3697,160581,3630],{"href":160580},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160582,44914],{},[38,160584,160586,160587],{"id":160585},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160588,2423],{},[20,160590,160591],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[43,160593,160595],{"className":45,"code":160594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160596,160597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160598,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607,160610,160612,160614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160600,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160602,122],{"class":66},[52,160604,7786],{"class":92},[52,160606,74],{"class":66},[52,160608,160609],{"class":92}," bases",[52,160611,74],{"class":66},[52,160613,9293],{"class":3020},[52,160615,127],{"class":66},[20,160617,160618],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160620,347],{},[43,160622,160624],{"className":45,"code":160623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160625,160626,160669,160673,160683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160627,160628,160631,160633,160635,160637,160639,160642,160644,160646,160649,160651,160653,160656,160658,160660,160662,160665,160667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160629,160630],{"class":58},"Person ",[52,160632,63],{"class":62},[52,160634,49498],{"class":3020},[52,160636,122],{"class":66},[52,160638,189],{"class":188},[52,160640,160641],{"class":192},"Person",[52,160643,189],{"class":188},[52,160645,74],{"class":66},[52,160647,160648],{"class":66}," (),",[52,160650,67],{"class":66},[52,160652,189],{"class":188},[52,160654,160655],{"class":192},"species",[52,160657,189],{"class":188},[52,160659,152],{"class":66},[52,160661,200],{"class":188},[52,160663,160664],{"class":192},"human",[52,160666,189],{"class":188},[52,160668,407],{"class":66},[52,160670,160671],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160672,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,160674,160675,160677,160679,160681],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160676,119],{"class":118},[52,160678,122],{"class":66},[52,160680,160641],{"class":92},[52,160682,127],{"class":66},[52,160684,160685,160687,160689,160691,160693,160695],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,160686,119],{"class":118},[52,160688,122],{"class":66},[52,160690,160641],{"class":92},[52,160692,89],{"class":66},[52,160694,160655],{"class":24860},[52,160696,127],{"class":66},[20,160698,2193],{},[43,160700,160702],{"className":45,"code":160701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160703,160704,160719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160705,160706,160708,160710,160712,160715,160717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160707,3409],{"class":62},[52,160709,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160711,3415],{"class":188},[52,160713,160714],{"class":192},"__main__.Person",[52,160716,3420],{"class":188},[52,160718,3423],{"class":62},[52,160720,160721],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160722,160723],{"class":58},"human\n",[20,160725,160726,160727,160729],{},"Most beginners do ",[984,160728,986],{}," need this form.",[20,160731,160732],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[38,160734,5078,160736],{"id":160735},"when-to-use-type",[15,160737,2423],{},[20,160739,160740,12561],{},[15,160741,2423],{},[154,160743,160744,160747,160750,160753],{},[157,160745,160746],{},"debug unexpected values",[157,160748,160749],{},"check what a conversion produced",[157,160751,160752],{},"learn Python data types",[157,160754,160755],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160757,5590],{},[43,160759,160761],{"className":45,"code":160760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160762,160763,160775,160789,160793,160807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160764,160765,160767,160769,160771,160773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160766,34795],{"class":58},[52,160768,63],{"class":62},[52,160770,200],{"class":188},[52,160772,50354],{"class":192},[52,160774,3479],{"class":188},[52,160776,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160778,2339],{"class":58},[52,160780,63],{"class":62},[52,160782,45385],{"class":3020},[52,160784,122],{"class":66},[52,160786,34816],{"class":92},[52,160788,127],{"class":66},[52,160790,160791],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160792,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,160794,160795,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,160796,119],{"class":118},[52,160798,122],{"class":66},[52,160800,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160802,122],{"class":66},[52,160804,34816],{"class":92},[52,160806,2150],{"class":66},[52,160808,160809,160811,160813,160815,160817,160819],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,160810,119],{"class":118},[52,160812,122],{"class":66},[52,160814,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160816,122],{"class":66},[52,160818,2361],{"class":92},[52,160820,2150],{"class":66},[20,160822,2193],{},[43,160824,160825],{"className":45,"code":125008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160826,160827,160841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160828,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837,160839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160830,3409],{"class":62},[52,160832,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160834,3415],{"class":188},[52,160836,3564],{"class":192},[52,160838,3420],{"class":188},[52,160840,3423],{"class":62},[52,160842,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160844,3409],{"class":62},[52,160846,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160848,3415],{"class":188},[52,160850,2310],{"class":192},[52,160852,3420],{"class":188},[52,160854,3423],{"class":62},[20,160856,160857],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160859,160860,160861,2311,160865,17186,160869,160873],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[30,160862,160863],{"href":42283},[15,160864,47791],{},[30,160866,160867],{"href":2992},[15,160868,2995],{},[30,160870,160871],{"href":2999},[15,160872,3002],{}," are often the next step.",[38,160875,25468],{"id":25467},[20,160877,160878,160879,160881],{},"A few things about ",[15,160880,2423],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1324,160883,160885,160888],{"id":160884},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160886,160887],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160890,64749],{},[43,160892,160894],{"className":45,"code":160893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160895,160896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160897,160898,160900,160902,160904,160906,160908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160899,119],{"class":118},[52,160901,122],{"class":66},[52,160903,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160905,122],{"class":66},[52,160907,1705],{"class":70},[52,160909,2150],{"class":66},[20,160911,122851],{},[43,160913,160914],{"className":45,"code":156363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160915,160916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160917,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160919,3409],{"class":62},[52,160921,3412],{"class":2187},[52,160923,3415],{"class":188},[52,160925,2310],{"class":192},[52,160927,3420],{"class":188},[52,160929,3423],{"class":62},[20,160931,41013,160932,160934,160935,89],{},[984,160933,986],{}," print just ",[15,160936,2310],{},[20,160938,6794,160939,160941],{},[15,160940,2423],{}," returns a class object.",[1324,160943,160945,442,160947],{"id":160944},"input-returns-str",[15,160946,3077],{},[15,160948,3564],{},[20,160950,79646],{},[43,160952,160954],{"className":45,"code":160953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160955,160956,160974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160959,2568],{"class":58},[52,160961,63],{"class":62},[52,160963,8362],{"class":118},[52,160965,122],{"class":66},[52,160967,189],{"class":188},[52,160969,46417],{"class":192},[52,160971,189],{"class":188},[52,160973,127],{"class":66},[52,160975,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,160977,119],{"class":118},[52,160979,122],{"class":66},[52,160981,3340],{"class":3020},[52,160983,122],{"class":66},[52,160985,2593],{"class":92},[52,160987,2150],{"class":66},[20,160989,160990],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160992,160993,160994,2996,160996,89],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160995,2995],{},[15,160997,3002],{},[1324,160999,161001],{"id":161000},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161003,161004],{},"Avoid code like this:",[43,161006,161008],{"className":45,"code":161007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161009,161010,161018,161022,161048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161011,161012,161014,161016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161013,2568],{"class":58},[52,161015,63],{"class":62},[52,161017,34950],{"class":70},[52,161019,161020],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161021,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,161023,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161025,7115],{"class":3996},[52,161027,49012],{"class":3020},[52,161029,122],{"class":66},[52,161031,3340],{"class":3020},[52,161033,122],{"class":66},[52,161035,2593],{"class":92},[52,161037,5479],{"class":66},[52,161039,6529],{"class":62},[52,161041,200],{"class":188},[52,161043,159742],{"class":192},[52,161045,189],{"class":188},[52,161047,6514],{"class":66},[52,161049,161050,161052,161054,161056,161059,161061],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,161051,8188],{"class":118},[52,161053,122],{"class":66},[52,161055,189],{"class":188},[52,161057,161058],{"class":192},"It is an int",[52,161060,189],{"class":188},[52,161062,127],{"class":66},[20,161064,161065],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161067,161068],{},"Better options:",[43,161070,161072],{"className":45,"code":161071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161073,161074,161082,161086,161106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161075,161076,161078,161080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161077,2568],{"class":58},[52,161079,63],{"class":62},[52,161081,34950],{"class":70},[52,161083,161084],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161085,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,161087,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102,161104],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161089,119],{"class":118},[52,161091,122],{"class":66},[52,161093,3340],{"class":3020},[52,161095,122],{"class":66},[52,161097,2593],{"class":92},[52,161099,3782],{"class":66},[52,161101,6529],{"class":62},[52,161103,45385],{"class":3020},[52,161105,127],{"class":66},[52,161107,161108,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,161109,119],{"class":118},[52,161111,122],{"class":66},[52,161113,48983],{"class":118},[52,161115,122],{"class":66},[52,161117,2593],{"class":92},[52,161119,74],{"class":66},[52,161121,45385],{"class":3020},[52,161123,2150],{"class":66},[20,161125,2193],{},[43,161127,161128],{"className":45,"code":4622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,161129,161130,161134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161131,161132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161133,4100],{"class":3971},[52,161135,161136],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161137,4100],{"class":3971},[20,161139,161140,161141,161143],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161142,44914],{}," is the more useful check.",[38,161145,2948],{"id":2947},[20,161147,14848,161148,152],{},[15,161149,2423],{},[154,161151,161152,161162,161171,161180],{},[157,161153,8538,161154,161156,161157,161161],{},[15,161155,2423],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[30,161158,161159],{"href":8339},[15,161160,3077],{}," always returns a string",[157,161163,8574,161164,161166,161167,1990,161169],{},[15,161165,2423],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161168,2310],{},[15,161170,159742],{},[157,161172,8538,161173,1863,161176,161179],{},[15,161174,161175],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161177,161178],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[157,161181,161182],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161184,161185,161186,89],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[30,161187,161189],{"href":161188},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161191,144517],{},[43,161193,161195],{"className":45,"code":161194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161196,161197,161211,161221,161235,161245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161198,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161200,119],{"class":118},[52,161202,122],{"class":66},[52,161204,3340],{"class":3020},[52,161206,122],{"class":66},[52,161208,2593],{"class":92},[52,161210,2150],{"class":66},[52,161212,161213,161215,161217,161219],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161214,119],{"class":118},[52,161216,122],{"class":66},[52,161218,2593],{"class":92},[52,161220,127],{"class":66},[52,161222,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161224,119],{"class":118},[52,161226,122],{"class":66},[52,161228,41887],{"class":118},[52,161230,122],{"class":66},[52,161232,2593],{"class":92},[52,161234,2150],{"class":66},[52,161236,161237,161239,161241,161243],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,161238,32262],{"class":118},[52,161240,122],{"class":66},[52,161242,3340],{"class":3020},[52,161244,127],{"class":66},[52,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,161248,34479],{"class":118},[52,161250,122],{"class":66},[52,161252,2593],{"class":92},[52,161254,127],{"class":66},[20,161256,161257],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[38,161259,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,161261,5260,161263,5263],{"id":161262},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161264,2423],{},[20,161266,161267,161268,2311,161270,2311,161272,2315,161274,161276,161277,89],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161269,3564],{},[15,161271,2310],{},[15,161273,8213],{},[15,161275,8943],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161278,159739],{},[1324,161280,15018,161282,57314,161284,1964],{"id":161281},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161283,2423],{},[15,161285,44914],{},[20,161287,46472,161288,161290,161291,161293],{},[15,161289,2423],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161292,44914],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1324,161295,5276,161297,161300,161301,1964],{"id":161296},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161298,161299],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161302,3564],{},[20,161304,29171,161305,161307,161308,2996,161310,160401],{},[15,161306,3077],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161309,2995],{},[15,161311,3002],{},[1324,161313,5288,161315,161317],{"id":161314},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161316,2423],{}," create classes?",[20,161319,161320,161321,89],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161322,161323],{},"type(object)",[38,161325,1996],{"id":1995},[154,161327,161328,161332,161338,161344,161348,161354,161360],{},[157,161329,161330],{},[30,161331,44906],{"href":49086},[157,161333,161334],{},[30,161335,3697,161336,3630],{"href":160580},[15,161337,44914],{},[157,161339,161340],{},[30,161341,3697,161342,3630],{"href":8339},[15,161343,3077],{},[157,161345,161346],{},[30,161347,9180],{"href":9102},[157,161349,161350],{},[30,161351,3697,161352,3630],{"href":2992},[15,161353,2995],{},[157,161355,161356],{},[30,161357,3697,161358,3630],{"href":2999},[15,161359,3002],{},[157,161361,161362],{},[30,161363,3697,161364,3630],{"href":42283},[15,161365,47791],{},[2044,161367,161368],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":161370},[161371,161372,161374,161375,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161391,161392,161402],{"id":40,"depth":83,"text":41},{"id":159745,"depth":83,"text":161373},"What the type() function does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":121819,"depth":83,"text":121820},{"id":160103,"depth":83,"text":161377},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160409,"depth":83,"text":161379},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160585,"depth":83,"text":161381},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160735,"depth":83,"text":161383},"When to use type()",{"id":25467,"depth":83,"text":25468,"children":161385},[161386,161388,161390],{"id":160884,"depth":115,"text":161387},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160944,"depth":115,"text":161389},"input() returns str",{"id":161000,"depth":115,"text":161001},{"id":2947,"depth":83,"text":2948},{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":161393},[161394,161396,161398,161400],{"id":161262,"depth":115,"text":161395},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161281,"depth":115,"text":161397},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161296,"depth":115,"text":161399},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161314,"depth":115,"text":161401},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159579,"description":161403},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161409,"title":161410,"body":161411,"description":163890,"extension":2083,"meta":163891,"navigation":240,"path":163892,"seo":163893,"stem":163894,"__hash__":163895},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161412,"toc":163847},[161413,161418,161423,161432,161434,161534,161536,161561,161566,161571,161587,161590,161592,161594,161619,161622,161625,161708,161710,161759,161762,161884,161886,161959,161963,161966,162080,162082,162108,162110,162131,162136,162140,162145,162148,162252,162254,162271,162280,162283,162370,162372,162383,162388,162394,162399,162405,162408,162501,162503,162552,162558,162561,162662,162664,162717,162722,162726,162729,162828,162830,162869,162872,162877,162879,162884,162888,163001,163005,163102,163106,163194,163196,163213,163217,163340,163346,163352,163358,163363,163366,163393,163397,163399,163493,163496,163500,163503,163590,163593,163628,163630,163667,163670,163678,163683,163688,163762,163769,163771,163776,163779,163785,163788,163794,163799,163805,163810,163814,163817,163819,163844],[10,161414,3697,161416,3701],{"id":161415},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161417,64425],{},[20,161419,161420,161422],{},[15,161421,64425],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161424,161425,161426,161428,161429,161431],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161427,64425],{}," inside a ",[15,161430,6077],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[38,161433,2125],{"id":2124},[43,161435,161437],{"className":45,"code":161436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161438,161439,161471,161491,161495,161520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161440,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161442,5112],{"class":58},[52,161444,63],{"class":62},[52,161446,3743],{"class":66},[52,161448,189],{"class":188},[52,161450,12997],{"class":192},[52,161452,189],{"class":188},[52,161454,74],{"class":66},[52,161456,200],{"class":188},[52,161458,36050],{"class":192},[52,161460,189],{"class":188},[52,161462,74],{"class":66},[52,161464,200],{"class":188},[52,161466,36059],{"class":192},[52,161468,189],{"class":188},[52,161470,3756],{"class":66},[52,161472,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161474,5181],{"class":58},[52,161476,63],{"class":62},[52,161478,3743],{"class":66},[52,161480,13617],{"class":70},[52,161482,74],{"class":66},[52,161484,13622],{"class":70},[52,161486,74],{"class":66},[52,161488,29030],{"class":70},[52,161490,3756],{"class":66},[52,161492,161493],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161494,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,161496,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,161498,6077],{"class":3996},[52,161500,36101],{"class":58},[52,161502,74],{"class":66},[52,161504,5223],{"class":58},[52,161506,4003],{"class":3996},[52,161508,161509],{"class":118}," zip",[52,161511,122],{"class":66},[52,161513,5156],{"class":92},[52,161515,74],{"class":66},[52,161517,5228],{"class":92},[52,161519,8462],{"class":66},[52,161521,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,161523,8188],{"class":118},[52,161525,122],{"class":66},[52,161527,7786],{"class":92},[52,161529,74],{"class":66},[52,161531,130797],{"class":92},[52,161533,127],{"class":66},[20,161535,2193],{},[43,161537,161539],{"className":45,"code":161538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161540,161541,161547,161554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161542,161543,161545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161544,133816],{"class":58},[52,161546,33243],{"class":70},[52,161548,161549,161552],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161550,161551],{"class":58},"Ben ",[52,161553,33248],{"class":70},[52,161555,161556,161559],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161557,161558],{"class":58},"Cara ",[52,161560,33253],{"class":70},[20,161562,137,161563,161565],{},[15,161564,64425],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[38,161567,144,161569,147],{"id":161568},"what-zip-does",[15,161570,64425],{},[154,161572,161573,161578,161581,161584],{},[157,161574,161575,161577],{},[15,161576,64425],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[157,161579,161580],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[157,161582,161583],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[157,161585,161586],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161588,161589],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[38,161591,268],{"id":267},[20,161593,271],{},[43,161595,161597],{"className":45,"code":161596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161598,161599],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161600,161601,161603,161605,161608,161610,161613,161615,161617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161602,64495],{"class":118},[52,161604,122],{"class":66},[52,161606,161607],{"class":92},"iterable1",[52,161609,74],{"class":66},[52,161611,161612],{"class":92}," iterable2",[52,161614,74],{"class":66},[52,161616,34561],{"class":118},[52,161618,127],{"class":66},[20,161620,161621],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161623,161624],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[43,161626,161628],{"className":45,"code":161627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161629,161630,161650,161682,161686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161631,161632,161634,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161633,59],{"class":58},[52,161635,63],{"class":62},[52,161637,3743],{"class":66},[52,161639,71],{"class":70},[52,161641,74],{"class":66},[52,161643,77],{"class":70},[52,161645,74],{"class":66},[52,161647,104],{"class":70},[52,161649,3756],{"class":66},[52,161651,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161653,921],{"class":58},[52,161655,63],{"class":62},[52,161657,3743],{"class":66},[52,161659,189],{"class":188},[52,161661,30],{"class":192},[52,161663,189],{"class":188},[52,161665,74],{"class":66},[52,161667,200],{"class":188},[52,161669,1393],{"class":192},[52,161671,189],{"class":188},[52,161673,74],{"class":66},[52,161675,200],{"class":188},[52,161677,1491],{"class":192},[52,161679,189],{"class":188},[52,161681,3756],{"class":66},[52,161683,161684],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161685,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,161687,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,161689,119],{"class":118},[52,161691,122],{"class":66},[52,161693,8213],{"class":3020},[52,161695,122],{"class":66},[52,161697,64495],{"class":118},[52,161699,122],{"class":66},[52,161701,86],{"class":92},[52,161703,74],{"class":66},[52,161705,70200],{"class":92},[52,161707,3031],{"class":66},[20,161709,2193],{},[43,161711,161713],{"className":45,"code":161712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161714,161715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161716,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161718,21851],{"class":66},[52,161720,71],{"class":70},[52,161722,74],{"class":66},[52,161724,3415],{"class":188},[52,161726,30],{"class":192},[52,161728,3420],{"class":188},[52,161730,399],{"class":66},[52,161732,388],{"class":66},[52,161734,99],{"class":70},[52,161736,74],{"class":66},[52,161738,3415],{"class":188},[52,161740,1393],{"class":192},[52,161742,3420],{"class":188},[52,161744,399],{"class":66},[52,161746,388],{"class":66},[52,161748,488],{"class":70},[52,161750,74],{"class":66},[52,161752,3415],{"class":188},[52,161754,1491],{"class":192},[52,161756,3420],{"class":188},[52,161758,9370],{"class":66},[20,161760,161761],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[43,161763,161765],{"className":45,"code":161764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161766,161767,161799,161819,161853,161857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161768,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161770,5112],{"class":58},[52,161772,63],{"class":62},[52,161774,3743],{"class":66},[52,161776,189],{"class":188},[52,161778,12997],{"class":192},[52,161780,189],{"class":188},[52,161782,74],{"class":66},[52,161784,200],{"class":188},[52,161786,36050],{"class":192},[52,161788,189],{"class":188},[52,161790,74],{"class":66},[52,161792,200],{"class":188},[52,161794,36059],{"class":192},[52,161796,189],{"class":188},[52,161798,3756],{"class":66},[52,161800,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,161802,5181],{"class":58},[52,161804,63],{"class":62},[52,161806,3743],{"class":66},[52,161808,13617],{"class":70},[52,161810,74],{"class":66},[52,161812,13622],{"class":70},[52,161814,74],{"class":66},[52,161816,29030],{"class":70},[52,161818,3756],{"class":66},[52,161820,161821,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161849,161851],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161822,161823],{"class":58},"grades ",[52,161825,63],{"class":62},[52,161827,3743],{"class":66},[52,161829,189],{"class":188},[52,161831,22354],{"class":192},[52,161833,189],{"class":188},[52,161835,74],{"class":66},[52,161837,200],{"class":188},[52,161839,30709],{"class":192},[52,161841,189],{"class":188},[52,161843,74],{"class":66},[52,161845,200],{"class":188},[52,161847,161848],{"class":192},"B+",[52,161850,189],{"class":188},[52,161852,3756],{"class":66},[52,161854,161855],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,161856,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,161858,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161882],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,161860,119],{"class":118},[52,161862,122],{"class":66},[52,161864,8213],{"class":3020},[52,161866,122],{"class":66},[52,161868,64495],{"class":118},[52,161870,122],{"class":66},[52,161872,5156],{"class":92},[52,161874,74],{"class":66},[52,161876,5228],{"class":92},[52,161878,74],{"class":66},[52,161880,161881],{"class":92}," grades",[52,161883,3031],{"class":66},[20,161885,2193],{},[43,161887,161889],{"className":45,"code":161888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161890,161891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161892,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161894,21851],{"class":66},[52,161896,3420],{"class":188},[52,161898,12997],{"class":192},[52,161900,3420],{"class":188},[52,161902,74],{"class":66},[52,161904,20009],{"class":70},[52,161906,74],{"class":66},[52,161908,3415],{"class":188},[52,161910,22354],{"class":192},[52,161912,3420],{"class":188},[52,161914,399],{"class":66},[52,161916,388],{"class":66},[52,161918,3420],{"class":188},[52,161920,36050],{"class":192},[52,161922,3420],{"class":188},[52,161924,74],{"class":66},[52,161926,13622],{"class":70},[52,161928,74],{"class":66},[52,161930,3415],{"class":188},[52,161932,30709],{"class":192},[52,161934,3420],{"class":188},[52,161936,399],{"class":66},[52,161938,388],{"class":66},[52,161940,3420],{"class":188},[52,161942,36059],{"class":192},[52,161944,3420],{"class":188},[52,161946,74],{"class":66},[52,161948,29030],{"class":70},[52,161950,74],{"class":66},[52,161952,3415],{"class":188},[52,161954,161848],{"class":192},[52,161956,3420],{"class":188},[52,161958,9370],{"class":66},[38,161960,161962],{"id":161961},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161964,161965],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[43,161967,161969],{"className":45,"code":161968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161970,161971,162003,162023,162027,162051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161972,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161974,5112],{"class":58},[52,161976,63],{"class":62},[52,161978,3743],{"class":66},[52,161980,189],{"class":188},[52,161982,12997],{"class":192},[52,161984,189],{"class":188},[52,161986,74],{"class":66},[52,161988,200],{"class":188},[52,161990,36050],{"class":192},[52,161992,189],{"class":188},[52,161994,74],{"class":66},[52,161996,200],{"class":188},[52,161998,36059],{"class":192},[52,162000,189],{"class":188},[52,162002,3756],{"class":66},[52,162004,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162006,5181],{"class":58},[52,162008,63],{"class":62},[52,162010,3743],{"class":66},[52,162012,13617],{"class":70},[52,162014,74],{"class":66},[52,162016,13622],{"class":70},[52,162018,74],{"class":66},[52,162020,29030],{"class":70},[52,162022,3756],{"class":66},[52,162024,162025],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162026,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162028,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,162030,6077],{"class":3996},[52,162032,36101],{"class":58},[52,162034,74],{"class":66},[52,162036,5223],{"class":58},[52,162038,4003],{"class":3996},[52,162040,161509],{"class":118},[52,162042,122],{"class":66},[52,162044,5156],{"class":92},[52,162046,74],{"class":66},[52,162048,5228],{"class":92},[52,162050,8462],{"class":66},[52,162052,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,162054,8188],{"class":118},[52,162056,122],{"class":66},[52,162058,22403],{"class":2187},[52,162060,189],{"class":192},[52,162062,9399],{"class":70},[52,162064,7786],{"class":92},[52,162066,22412],{"class":70},[52,162068,162069],{"class":192}," scored ",[52,162071,9399],{"class":70},[52,162073,85620],{"class":92},[52,162075,22412],{"class":70},[52,162077,189],{"class":192},[52,162079,127],{"class":66},[20,162081,2193],{},[43,162083,162085],{"className":45,"code":162084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162086,162087,162094,162101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162088,162089,162092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162090,162091],{"class":58},"Ana scored ",[52,162093,33243],{"class":70},[52,162095,162096,162099],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162097,162098],{"class":58},"Ben scored ",[52,162100,33248],{"class":70},[52,162102,162103,162106],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162104,162105],{"class":58},"Cara scored ",[52,162107,33253],{"class":70},[20,162109,45039],{},[154,162111,162112,162121,162124],{},[157,162113,162114,162117,162118],{},[15,162115,162116],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162119,162120],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[157,162122,162123],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[157,162125,162126,668,162128,162130],{},[15,162127,7786],{},[15,162129,85620],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162132,162133,162134,89],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[30,162135,69717],{"href":69716},[38,162137,162139],{"id":162138},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162141,162142,162144],{},[15,162143,64425],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162146,162147],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[43,162149,162151],{"className":45,"code":162150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162152,162153,162194,162210,162214,162238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162154,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162190,162192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162156,5112],{"class":58},[52,162158,63],{"class":62},[52,162160,3743],{"class":66},[52,162162,189],{"class":188},[52,162164,12997],{"class":192},[52,162166,189],{"class":188},[52,162168,74],{"class":66},[52,162170,200],{"class":188},[52,162172,36050],{"class":192},[52,162174,189],{"class":188},[52,162176,74],{"class":66},[52,162178,200],{"class":188},[52,162180,36059],{"class":192},[52,162182,189],{"class":188},[52,162184,74],{"class":66},[52,162186,200],{"class":188},[52,162188,162189],{"class":192},"Dan",[52,162191,189],{"class":188},[52,162193,3756],{"class":66},[52,162195,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162197,5181],{"class":58},[52,162199,63],{"class":62},[52,162201,3743],{"class":66},[52,162203,13617],{"class":70},[52,162205,74],{"class":66},[52,162207,13622],{"class":70},[52,162209,3756],{"class":66},[52,162211,162212],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162213,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162215,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,162217,6077],{"class":3996},[52,162219,36101],{"class":58},[52,162221,74],{"class":66},[52,162223,5223],{"class":58},[52,162225,4003],{"class":3996},[52,162227,161509],{"class":118},[52,162229,122],{"class":66},[52,162231,5156],{"class":92},[52,162233,74],{"class":66},[52,162235,5228],{"class":92},[52,162237,8462],{"class":66},[52,162239,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,162241,8188],{"class":118},[52,162243,122],{"class":66},[52,162245,7786],{"class":92},[52,162247,74],{"class":66},[52,162249,130797],{"class":92},[52,162251,127],{"class":66},[20,162253,2193],{},[43,162255,162257],{"className":45,"code":162256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162258,162259,162265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162260,162261,162263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162262,133816],{"class":58},[52,162264,33243],{"class":70},[52,162266,162267,162269],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162268,161551],{"class":58},[52,162270,33248],{"class":70},[20,162272,2407,162273,668,162276,162279],{},[15,162274,162275],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162277,162278],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162281,162282],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[43,162284,162286],{"className":45,"code":162285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162287,162288,162328,162344,162348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162289,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162291,5112],{"class":58},[52,162293,63],{"class":62},[52,162295,3743],{"class":66},[52,162297,189],{"class":188},[52,162299,12997],{"class":192},[52,162301,189],{"class":188},[52,162303,74],{"class":66},[52,162305,200],{"class":188},[52,162307,36050],{"class":192},[52,162309,189],{"class":188},[52,162311,74],{"class":66},[52,162313,200],{"class":188},[52,162315,36059],{"class":192},[52,162317,189],{"class":188},[52,162319,74],{"class":66},[52,162321,200],{"class":188},[52,162323,162189],{"class":192},[52,162325,189],{"class":188},[52,162327,3756],{"class":66},[52,162329,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162331,5181],{"class":58},[52,162333,63],{"class":62},[52,162335,3743],{"class":66},[52,162337,13617],{"class":70},[52,162339,74],{"class":66},[52,162341,13622],{"class":70},[52,162343,3756],{"class":66},[52,162345,162346],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162347,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162349,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,162351,119],{"class":118},[52,162353,122],{"class":66},[52,162355,11279],{"class":118},[52,162357,122],{"class":66},[52,162359,5156],{"class":92},[52,162361,399],{"class":66},[52,162363,38492],{"class":118},[52,162365,122],{"class":66},[52,162367,16502],{"class":92},[52,162369,2150],{"class":66},[20,162371,2193],{},[43,162373,162375],{"className":45,"code":162374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4 2\n",[15,162376,162377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162378,162379,162381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162380,391],{"class":70},[52,162382,45698],{"class":70},[20,162384,162385,162386,89],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162387,64425],{},[38,162389,92211,162391,162393],{"id":162390},"converting-zip-output",[15,162392,64425],{}," output",[20,162395,29171,162396,162398],{},[15,162397,64425],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1324,162400,137,162402],{"id":162401},"use-listzip",[15,162403,162404],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162406,162407],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[43,162409,162411],{"className":45,"code":162410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162412,162413,162445,162465,162469,162491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162414,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162416,5112],{"class":58},[52,162418,63],{"class":62},[52,162420,3743],{"class":66},[52,162422,189],{"class":188},[52,162424,12997],{"class":192},[52,162426,189],{"class":188},[52,162428,74],{"class":66},[52,162430,200],{"class":188},[52,162432,36050],{"class":192},[52,162434,189],{"class":188},[52,162436,74],{"class":66},[52,162438,200],{"class":188},[52,162440,36059],{"class":192},[52,162442,189],{"class":188},[52,162444,3756],{"class":66},[52,162446,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162448,5181],{"class":58},[52,162450,63],{"class":62},[52,162452,3743],{"class":66},[52,162454,13617],{"class":70},[52,162456,74],{"class":66},[52,162458,13622],{"class":70},[52,162460,74],{"class":66},[52,162462,29030],{"class":70},[52,162464,3756],{"class":66},[52,162466,162467],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162468,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162470,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,162472,9338],{"class":58},[52,162474,63],{"class":62},[52,162476,22669],{"class":3020},[52,162478,122],{"class":66},[52,162480,64495],{"class":118},[52,162482,122],{"class":66},[52,162484,5156],{"class":92},[52,162486,74],{"class":66},[52,162488,5228],{"class":92},[52,162490,2150],{"class":66},[52,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,162494,119],{"class":118},[52,162496,122],{"class":66},[52,162498,9383],{"class":92},[52,162500,127],{"class":66},[20,162502,2193],{},[43,162504,162506],{"className":45,"code":162505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162507,162508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162509,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162511,21851],{"class":66},[52,162513,3420],{"class":188},[52,162515,12997],{"class":192},[52,162517,3420],{"class":188},[52,162519,74],{"class":66},[52,162521,20009],{"class":70},[52,162523,399],{"class":66},[52,162525,388],{"class":66},[52,162527,3420],{"class":188},[52,162529,36050],{"class":192},[52,162531,3420],{"class":188},[52,162533,74],{"class":66},[52,162535,13622],{"class":70},[52,162537,399],{"class":66},[52,162539,388],{"class":66},[52,162541,3420],{"class":188},[52,162543,36059],{"class":192},[52,162545,3420],{"class":188},[52,162547,74],{"class":66},[52,162549,29030],{"class":70},[52,162551,9370],{"class":66},[1324,162553,137,162555],{"id":162554},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162556,162557],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162559,162560],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[43,162562,162564],{"className":45,"code":162563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162565,162566,162598,162626,162630,162652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162567,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162569,17356],{"class":58},[52,162571,63],{"class":62},[52,162573,3743],{"class":66},[52,162575,189],{"class":188},[52,162577,7786],{"class":192},[52,162579,189],{"class":188},[52,162581,74],{"class":66},[52,162583,200],{"class":188},[52,162585,9420],{"class":192},[52,162587,189],{"class":188},[52,162589,74],{"class":66},[52,162591,200],{"class":188},[52,162593,10528],{"class":192},[52,162595,189],{"class":188},[52,162597,3756],{"class":66},[52,162599,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162601,357],{"class":58},[52,162603,63],{"class":62},[52,162605,3743],{"class":66},[52,162607,189],{"class":188},[52,162609,12997],{"class":192},[52,162611,189],{"class":188},[52,162613,74],{"class":66},[52,162615,9427],{"class":70},[52,162617,74],{"class":66},[52,162619,200],{"class":188},[52,162621,16144],{"class":192},[52,162623,189],{"class":188},[52,162625,3756],{"class":66},[52,162627,162628],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162629,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162631,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,162633,13319],{"class":58},[52,162635,63],{"class":62},[52,162637,9293],{"class":3020},[52,162639,122],{"class":66},[52,162641,64495],{"class":118},[52,162643,122],{"class":66},[52,162645,17037],{"class":92},[52,162647,74],{"class":66},[52,162649,4006],{"class":92},[52,162651,2150],{"class":66},[52,162653,162654,162656,162658,162660],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,162655,119],{"class":118},[52,162657,122],{"class":66},[52,162659,17421],{"class":92},[52,162661,127],{"class":66},[20,162663,2193],{},[43,162665,162667],{"className":45,"code":162666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162668,162669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162670,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162672,9399],{"class":66},[52,162674,3420],{"class":188},[52,162676,7786],{"class":192},[52,162678,3420],{"class":188},[52,162680,152],{"class":66},[52,162682,3415],{"class":188},[52,162684,12997],{"class":192},[52,162686,3420],{"class":188},[52,162688,74],{"class":66},[52,162690,3415],{"class":188},[52,162692,9420],{"class":192},[52,162694,3420],{"class":188},[52,162696,152],{"class":66},[52,162698,9427],{"class":70},[52,162700,74],{"class":66},[52,162702,3415],{"class":188},[52,162704,10528],{"class":192},[52,162706,3420],{"class":188},[52,162708,152],{"class":66},[52,162710,3415],{"class":188},[52,162712,16144],{"class":192},[52,162714,3420],{"class":188},[52,162716,80],{"class":66},[20,162718,162719,162720,89],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[30,162721,31196],{"href":31195},[1324,162723,162725],{"id":162724},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162727,162728],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[43,162730,162732],{"className":45,"code":162731,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162733,162734,162758,162774,162778,162796,162800,162814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162735,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162737,5112],{"class":58},[52,162739,63],{"class":62},[52,162741,3743],{"class":66},[52,162743,189],{"class":188},[52,162745,12997],{"class":192},[52,162747,189],{"class":188},[52,162749,74],{"class":66},[52,162751,200],{"class":188},[52,162753,36050],{"class":192},[52,162755,189],{"class":188},[52,162757,3756],{"class":66},[52,162759,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162761,5181],{"class":58},[52,162763,63],{"class":62},[52,162765,3743],{"class":66},[52,162767,13617],{"class":70},[52,162769,74],{"class":66},[52,162771,13622],{"class":70},[52,162773,3756],{"class":66},[52,162775,162776],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162777,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162779,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,162781,9338],{"class":58},[52,162783,63],{"class":62},[52,162785,161509],{"class":118},[52,162787,122],{"class":66},[52,162789,5156],{"class":92},[52,162791,74],{"class":66},[52,162793,5228],{"class":92},[52,162795,127],{"class":66},[52,162797,162798],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,162799,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162801,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,162803,119],{"class":118},[52,162805,122],{"class":66},[52,162807,8213],{"class":3020},[52,162809,122],{"class":66},[52,162811,9383],{"class":92},[52,162813,2150],{"class":66},[52,162815,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,162817,119],{"class":118},[52,162819,122],{"class":66},[52,162821,8213],{"class":3020},[52,162823,122],{"class":66},[52,162825,9383],{"class":92},[52,162827,2150],{"class":66},[20,162829,2193],{},[43,162831,162833],{"className":45,"code":162832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162834,162835,162865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162836,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162838,21851],{"class":66},[52,162840,3420],{"class":188},[52,162842,12997],{"class":192},[52,162844,3420],{"class":188},[52,162846,74],{"class":66},[52,162848,20009],{"class":70},[52,162850,399],{"class":66},[52,162852,388],{"class":66},[52,162854,3420],{"class":188},[52,162856,36050],{"class":192},[52,162858,3420],{"class":188},[52,162860,74],{"class":66},[52,162862,13622],{"class":70},[52,162864,9370],{"class":66},[52,162866,162867],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162868,38404],{"class":66},[20,162870,162871],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162873,162874,162875,89],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[30,162876,5254],{"href":5705},[38,162878,41153],{"id":41152},[20,162880,162881,162882,89],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162883,64425],{},[1324,162885,162887],{"id":162886},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[43,162889,162891],{"className":45,"code":162890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162892,162893,162925,162945,162949,162973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162894,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162896,5112],{"class":58},[52,162898,63],{"class":62},[52,162900,3743],{"class":66},[52,162902,189],{"class":188},[52,162904,12997],{"class":192},[52,162906,189],{"class":188},[52,162908,74],{"class":66},[52,162910,200],{"class":188},[52,162912,36050],{"class":192},[52,162914,189],{"class":188},[52,162916,74],{"class":66},[52,162918,200],{"class":188},[52,162920,36059],{"class":192},[52,162922,189],{"class":188},[52,162924,3756],{"class":66},[52,162926,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,162928,5181],{"class":58},[52,162930,63],{"class":62},[52,162932,3743],{"class":66},[52,162934,13617],{"class":70},[52,162936,74],{"class":66},[52,162938,13622],{"class":70},[52,162940,74],{"class":66},[52,162942,29030],{"class":70},[52,162944,3756],{"class":66},[52,162946,162947],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162948,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,162950,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,162952,6077],{"class":3996},[52,162954,36101],{"class":58},[52,162956,74],{"class":66},[52,162958,5223],{"class":58},[52,162960,4003],{"class":3996},[52,162962,161509],{"class":118},[52,162964,122],{"class":66},[52,162966,5156],{"class":92},[52,162968,74],{"class":66},[52,162970,5228],{"class":92},[52,162972,8462],{"class":66},[52,162974,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,162976,8188],{"class":118},[52,162978,122],{"class":66},[52,162980,22403],{"class":2187},[52,162982,189],{"class":192},[52,162984,9399],{"class":70},[52,162986,7786],{"class":92},[52,162988,22412],{"class":70},[52,162990,22415],{"class":192},[52,162992,9399],{"class":70},[52,162994,85620],{"class":92},[52,162996,22412],{"class":70},[52,162998,189],{"class":192},[52,163000,127],{"class":66},[1324,163002,163004],{"id":163003},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[43,163006,163008],{"className":45,"code":163007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163009,163010,163042,163066,163070,163092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163011,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163013,17356],{"class":58},[52,163015,63],{"class":62},[52,163017,3743],{"class":66},[52,163019,189],{"class":188},[52,163021,12766],{"class":192},[52,163023,189],{"class":188},[52,163025,74],{"class":66},[52,163027,200],{"class":188},[52,163029,7786],{"class":192},[52,163031,189],{"class":188},[52,163033,74],{"class":66},[52,163035,200],{"class":188},[52,163037,15934],{"class":192},[52,163039,189],{"class":188},[52,163041,3756],{"class":66},[52,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163045,357],{"class":58},[52,163047,63],{"class":62},[52,163049,3743],{"class":66},[52,163051,46699],{"class":70},[52,163053,74],{"class":66},[52,163055,200],{"class":188},[52,163057,12997],{"class":192},[52,163059,189],{"class":188},[52,163061,74],{"class":66},[52,163063,4036],{"class":3971},[52,163065,3756],{"class":66},[52,163067,163068],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163069,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,163071,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,163073,9288],{"class":58},[52,163075,63],{"class":62},[52,163077,9293],{"class":3020},[52,163079,122],{"class":66},[52,163081,64495],{"class":118},[52,163083,122],{"class":66},[52,163085,17037],{"class":92},[52,163087,74],{"class":66},[52,163089,4006],{"class":92},[52,163091,2150],{"class":66},[52,163093,163094,163096,163098,163100],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,163095,119],{"class":118},[52,163097,122],{"class":66},[52,163099,9327],{"class":92},[52,163101,127],{"class":66},[1324,163103,163105],{"id":163104},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[43,163107,163109],{"className":45,"code":163108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163110,163111,163131,163151,163155,163180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163112,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163114,80760],{"class":58},[52,163116,63],{"class":62},[52,163118,3743],{"class":66},[52,163120,2452],{"class":70},[52,163122,74],{"class":66},[52,163124,7908],{"class":70},[52,163126,74],{"class":66},[52,163128,7913],{"class":70},[52,163130,3756],{"class":66},[52,163132,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163134,80781],{"class":58},[52,163136,63],{"class":62},[52,163138,3743],{"class":66},[52,163140,2452],{"class":70},[52,163142,74],{"class":66},[52,163144,9427],{"class":70},[52,163146,74],{"class":66},[52,163148,7913],{"class":70},[52,163150,3756],{"class":66},[52,163152,163153],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163154,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,163156,163157,163159,163161,163163,163166,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,163158,6077],{"class":3996},[52,163160,1472],{"class":58},[52,163162,74],{"class":66},[52,163164,163165],{"class":58}," b ",[52,163167,4003],{"class":3996},[52,163169,161509],{"class":118},[52,163171,122],{"class":66},[52,163173,111823],{"class":92},[52,163175,74],{"class":66},[52,163177,80824],{"class":92},[52,163179,8462],{"class":66},[52,163181,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,163183,8188],{"class":118},[52,163185,122],{"class":66},[52,163187,1347],{"class":92},[52,163189,4805],{"class":62},[52,163191,337],{"class":92},[52,163193,127],{"class":66},[20,163195,2193],{},[43,163197,163199],{"className":45,"code":163198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163200,163201,163205,163209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163202,163203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163204,4100],{"class":3971},[52,163206,163207],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163208,4161],{"class":3971},[52,163210,163211],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163212,4100],{"class":3971},[1324,163214,163216],{"id":163215},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[43,163218,163220],{"className":45,"code":163219,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163221,163222,163257,163280,163284,163311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163223,163224,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239,163241,163244,163246,163248,163250,163253,163255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163225,163226],{"class":58},"products ",[52,163228,63],{"class":62},[52,163230,3743],{"class":66},[52,163232,189],{"class":188},[52,163234,25251],{"class":192},[52,163236,189],{"class":188},[52,163238,74],{"class":66},[52,163240,200],{"class":188},[52,163242,163243],{"class":192},"Pen",[52,163245,189],{"class":188},[52,163247,74],{"class":66},[52,163249,200],{"class":188},[52,163251,163252],{"class":192},"Bag",[52,163254,189],{"class":188},[52,163256,3756],{"class":66},[52,163258,163259,163261,163263,163265,163268,163270,163273,163275,163278],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163260,83149],{"class":58},[52,163262,63],{"class":62},[52,163264,3743],{"class":66},[52,163266,163267],{"class":70},"12.5",[52,163269,74],{"class":66},[52,163271,163272],{"class":70}," 1.2",[52,163274,74],{"class":66},[52,163276,163277],{"class":70}," 25.0",[52,163279,3756],{"class":66},[52,163281,163282],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163283,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,163285,163286,163288,163290,163292,163295,163297,163299,163301,163304,163306,163309],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,163287,6077],{"class":3996},[52,163289,25312],{"class":58},[52,163291,74],{"class":66},[52,163293,163294],{"class":58}," price ",[52,163296,4003],{"class":3996},[52,163298,161509],{"class":118},[52,163300,122],{"class":66},[52,163302,163303],{"class":92},"products",[52,163305,74],{"class":66},[52,163307,163308],{"class":92}," prices",[52,163310,8462],{"class":66},[52,163312,163313,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,163314,8188],{"class":118},[52,163316,122],{"class":66},[52,163318,22403],{"class":2187},[52,163320,189],{"class":192},[52,163322,9399],{"class":70},[52,163324,27119],{"class":92},[52,163326,22412],{"class":70},[52,163328,163329],{"class":192}," costs $",[52,163331,9399],{"class":70},[52,163333,25260],{"class":92},[52,163335,22412],{"class":70},[52,163337,189],{"class":192},[52,163339,127],{"class":66},[20,163341,36708,163342,89],{},[30,163343,163345],{"href":163344},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[38,163347,163349,163350],{"id":163348},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163351,64425],{},[1324,163353,8574,163355,163357],{"id":163354},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163356,64425],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163359,163360,163362],{},[15,163361,64425],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163364,163365],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[43,163367,163369],{"className":45,"code":163368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163370,163371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163372,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387,163389,163391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163374,119],{"class":118},[52,163376,122],{"class":66},[52,163378,11279],{"class":118},[52,163380,122],{"class":66},[52,163382,111823],{"class":92},[52,163384,399],{"class":66},[52,163386,38492],{"class":118},[52,163388,122],{"class":66},[52,163390,81047],{"class":92},[52,163392,2150],{"class":66},[1324,163394,163396],{"id":163395},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163398,68940],{},[43,163400,163402],{"className":45,"code":163401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163403,163404,163440,163444,163457,163467,163471,163483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163405,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163407,9338],{"class":58},[52,163409,63],{"class":62},[52,163411,161509],{"class":118},[52,163413,96],{"class":66},[52,163415,71],{"class":70},[52,163417,74],{"class":66},[52,163419,77],{"class":70},[52,163421,385],{"class":66},[52,163423,3743],{"class":66},[52,163425,189],{"class":188},[52,163427,30],{"class":192},[52,163429,189],{"class":188},[52,163431,74],{"class":66},[52,163433,200],{"class":188},[52,163435,1393],{"class":192},[52,163437,189],{"class":188},[52,163439,112],{"class":66},[52,163441,163442],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163443,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452,163455],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163447,6077],{"class":3996},[52,163449,6080],{"class":58},[52,163451,4003],{"class":3996},[52,163453,163454],{"class":58}," pairs",[52,163456,6514],{"class":66},[52,163458,163459,163461,163463,163465],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,163460,8188],{"class":118},[52,163462,122],{"class":66},[52,163464,23420],{"class":92},[52,163466,127],{"class":66},[52,163468,163469],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,163470,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,163472,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481],{"class":54,"line":769},[52,163474,6077],{"class":3996},[52,163476,6080],{"class":58},[52,163478,4003],{"class":3996},[52,163480,163454],{"class":58},[52,163482,6514],{"class":66},[52,163484,163485,163487,163489,163491],{"class":54,"line":780},[52,163486,8188],{"class":118},[52,163488,122],{"class":66},[52,163490,23420],{"class":92},[52,163492,127],{"class":66},[20,163494,163495],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1324,163497,163499],{"id":163498},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163501,163502],{},"This is correct:",[43,163504,163506],{"className":45,"code":163505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163507,163508,163532,163548,163552,163576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163509,163510,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163511,5112],{"class":58},[52,163513,63],{"class":62},[52,163515,3743],{"class":66},[52,163517,189],{"class":188},[52,163519,12997],{"class":192},[52,163521,189],{"class":188},[52,163523,74],{"class":66},[52,163525,200],{"class":188},[52,163527,36050],{"class":192},[52,163529,189],{"class":188},[52,163531,3756],{"class":66},[52,163533,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163535,5181],{"class":58},[52,163537,63],{"class":62},[52,163539,3743],{"class":66},[52,163541,13617],{"class":70},[52,163543,74],{"class":66},[52,163545,13622],{"class":70},[52,163547,3756],{"class":66},[52,163549,163550],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163551,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,163553,163554,163556,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,163555,6077],{"class":3996},[52,163557,36101],{"class":58},[52,163559,74],{"class":66},[52,163561,5223],{"class":58},[52,163563,4003],{"class":3996},[52,163565,161509],{"class":118},[52,163567,122],{"class":66},[52,163569,5156],{"class":92},[52,163571,74],{"class":66},[52,163573,5228],{"class":92},[52,163575,8462],{"class":66},[52,163577,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588],{"class":54,"line":254},[52,163579,8188],{"class":118},[52,163581,122],{"class":66},[52,163583,7786],{"class":92},[52,163585,74],{"class":66},[52,163587,130797],{"class":92},[52,163589,127],{"class":66},[20,163591,163592],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[43,163594,163596],{"className":45,"code":163595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163597,163598,163618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163599,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163601,6077],{"class":3996},[52,163603,6080],{"class":58},[52,163605,4003],{"class":3996},[52,163607,161509],{"class":118},[52,163609,122],{"class":66},[52,163611,5156],{"class":92},[52,163613,74],{"class":66},[52,163615,5228],{"class":92},[52,163617,8462],{"class":66},[52,163619,163620,163622,163624,163626],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163621,8188],{"class":118},[52,163623,122],{"class":66},[52,163625,23420],{"class":92},[52,163627,127],{"class":66},[20,163629,2193],{},[43,163631,163633],{"className":45,"code":163632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163634,163635,163651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163636,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163638,122],{"class":66},[52,163640,3420],{"class":188},[52,163642,12997],{"class":192},[52,163644,3420],{"class":188},[52,163646,74],{"class":66},[52,163648,20009],{"class":70},[52,163650,127],{"class":66},[52,163652,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163654,122],{"class":66},[52,163656,3420],{"class":188},[52,163658,36050],{"class":192},[52,163660,3420],{"class":188},[52,163662,74],{"class":66},[52,163664,13622],{"class":70},[52,163666,127],{"class":66},[20,163668,163669],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1324,163671,8538,163673,163675,163676],{"id":163672},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163674,64425],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163677,35858],{},[20,163679,137,163680,163682],{},[15,163681,64425],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163684,137,163685,163687],{},[15,163686,35858],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[43,163689,163690],{"className":45,"code":36027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,163691,163692,163724,163728,163748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163693,163694,163696,163698,163700,163702,163704,163706,163708,163710,163712,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163695,5112],{"class":58},[52,163697,63],{"class":62},[52,163699,3743],{"class":66},[52,163701,189],{"class":188},[52,163703,12997],{"class":192},[52,163705,189],{"class":188},[52,163707,74],{"class":66},[52,163709,200],{"class":188},[52,163711,36050],{"class":192},[52,163713,189],{"class":188},[52,163715,74],{"class":66},[52,163717,200],{"class":188},[52,163719,36059],{"class":192},[52,163721,189],{"class":188},[52,163723,3756],{"class":66},[52,163725,163726],{"class":54,"line":83},[52,163727,241],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":240},[52,163729,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163731,6077],{"class":3996},[52,163733,35930],{"class":58},[52,163735,74],{"class":66},[52,163737,36078],{"class":58},[52,163739,4003],{"class":3996},[52,163741,35940],{"class":118},[52,163743,122],{"class":66},[52,163745,5156],{"class":92},[52,163747,8462],{"class":66},[52,163749,163750,163752,163754,163756,163758,163760],{"class":54,"line":130},[52,163751,8188],{"class":118},[52,163753,122],{"class":66},[52,163755,35955],{"class":92},[52,163757,74],{"class":66},[52,163759,36101],{"class":92},[52,163761,127],{"class":66},[20,163763,163764,163765,89],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[30,163766,3697,163767,3630],{"href":92123},[15,163768,35858],{},[38,163770,1933],{"id":1932},[1324,163772,5260,163774,5263],{"id":163773},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163775,64425],{},[20,163777,163778],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1324,163780,1937,163782,163784],{"id":163781},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163783,64425],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163786,163787],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1324,163789,163791,163792,1964],{"id":163790},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163793,64425],{},[20,163795,163796,163797,89],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163798,162404],{},[1324,163800,163802,163803,1964],{"id":163801},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163804,64425],{},[20,163806,128162,163807,163809],{},[15,163808,162557],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1324,163811,163813],{"id":163812},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163815,163816],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[38,163818,1996],{"id":1995},[154,163820,163821,163826,163832,163836,163840],{},[157,163822,163823],{},[30,163824,163825],{"href":163344},"How to use zip in Python",[157,163827,163828],{},[30,163829,3697,163830,3630],{"href":92123},[15,163831,35858],{},[157,163833,163834],{},[30,163835,5334],{"href":5705},[157,163837,163838],{},[30,163839,69793],{"href":69716},[157,163841,163842],{},[30,163843,32368],{"href":31195},[2044,163845,163846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":163848},[163849,163850,163852,163853,163854,163855,163863,163869,163878,163889],{"id":2124,"depth":83,"text":2125},{"id":161568,"depth":83,"text":163851},"What zip() does",{"id":267,"depth":83,"text":268},{"id":161961,"depth":83,"text":161962},{"id":162138,"depth":83,"text":162139},{"id":162390,"depth":83,"text":163856,"children":163857},"Converting zip() output",[163858,163860,163862],{"id":162401,"depth":115,"text":163859},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162554,"depth":115,"text":163861},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162724,"depth":115,"text":162725},{"id":41152,"depth":83,"text":41153,"children":163864},[163865,163866,163867,163868],{"id":162886,"depth":115,"text":162887},{"id":163003,"depth":115,"text":163004},{"id":163104,"depth":115,"text":163105},{"id":163215,"depth":115,"text":163216},{"id":163348,"depth":83,"text":163870,"children":163871},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163872,163874,163875,163876],{"id":163354,"depth":115,"text":163873},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163395,"depth":115,"text":163396},{"id":163498,"depth":115,"text":163499},{"id":163672,"depth":115,"text":163877},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1932,"depth":83,"text":1933,"children":163879},[163880,163882,163884,163886,163888],{"id":163773,"depth":115,"text":163881},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163781,"depth":115,"text":163883},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163790,"depth":115,"text":163885},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163801,"depth":115,"text":163887},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163812,"depth":115,"text":163813},{"id":1995,"depth":83,"text":1996},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161410,"description":163890},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945145937]