[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163737},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained":3,"nav-reference":1933},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1926,"extension":1927,"meta":1928,"navigation":81,"path":1929,"seo":1930,"stem":1931,"__hash__":1932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1901},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,33,45,48,53,254,267,271,288,292,302,305,316,319,424,430,433,529,539,547,551,556,558,568,570,679,687,691,694,697,714,720,805,808,812,815,820,823,886,889,893,896,992,996,999,1107,1111,1118,1149,1152,1240,1255,1259,1262,1273,1276,1361,1364,1371,1375,1378,1389,1392,1543,1546,1550,1553,1567,1570,1636,1643,1647,1650,1674,1677,1786,1789,1823,1827,1831,1834,1838,1841,1845,1848,1852,1855,1859,1862,1866,1897],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,15,16],"p",{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,18,19],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[21,22,23,27,30],"ul",{},[24,25,26],"li",{},"a list inside another list",[24,28,29],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[24,31,32],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,34,35,36,40,41,44],{},"The difference between ",[37,38,39],"strong",{},"shallow copy"," and ",[37,42,43],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,46,47],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"quick-example","Quick example",[54,55,60],"pre",{"className":56,"code":57,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n","python","",[61,62,63,76,83,124,151,172,177,201,206,224,239],"code",{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65,68,72],"span",{"class":66,"line":67},"line",1,[64,69,71],{"class":70},"sVHd0","import",[64,73,75],{"class":74},"su5hD"," copy\n",[64,77,79],{"class":66,"line":78},2,[64,80,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},true,"\n",[64,84,86,89,93,97,101,104,107,110,113,116,118,121],{"class":66,"line":85},3,[64,87,88],{"class":74},"original ",[64,90,92],{"class":91},"smGrS","=",[64,94,96],{"class":95},"sP7_E"," [[",[64,98,100],{"class":99},"srdBf","1",[64,102,103],{"class":95},",",[64,105,106],{"class":99}," 2",[64,108,109],{"class":95},"],",[64,111,112],{"class":95}," [",[64,114,115],{"class":99},"3",[64,117,103],{"class":95},[64,119,120],{"class":99}," 4",[64,122,123],{"class":95},"]]\n",[64,125,127,130,132,135,138,142,145,148],{"class":66,"line":126},4,[64,128,129],{"class":74},"shallow ",[64,131,92],{"class":91},[64,133,134],{"class":74}," copy",[64,136,137],{"class":95},".",[64,139,141],{"class":140},"slqww","copy",[64,143,144],{"class":95},"(",[64,146,147],{"class":140},"original",[64,149,150],{"class":95},")\n",[64,152,154,157,159,161,163,166,168,170],{"class":66,"line":153},5,[64,155,156],{"class":74},"deep ",[64,158,92],{"class":91},[64,160,134],{"class":74},[64,162,137],{"class":95},[64,164,165],{"class":140},"deepcopy",[64,167,144],{"class":95},[64,169,147],{"class":140},[64,171,150],{"class":95},[64,173,175],{"class":66,"line":174},6,[64,176,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,178,180,182,185,188,191,194,196,199],{"class":66,"line":179},7,[64,181,147],{"class":74},[64,183,184],{"class":95},"[",[64,186,187],{"class":99},"0",[64,189,190],{"class":95},"].",[64,192,193],{"class":140},"append",[64,195,144],{"class":95},[64,197,198],{"class":99},"99",[64,200,150],{"class":95},[64,202,204],{"class":66,"line":203},8,[64,205,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,207,209,213,215,217,220],{"class":66,"line":208},9,[64,210,212],{"class":211},"sptTA","print",[64,214,144],{"class":95},[64,216,147],{"class":140},[64,218,219],{"class":95},")",[64,221,223],{"class":222},"sutJx","  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[64,225,227,229,231,234,236],{"class":66,"line":226},10,[64,228,212],{"class":211},[64,230,144],{"class":95},[64,232,233],{"class":140},"shallow",[64,235,219],{"class":95},[64,237,238],{"class":222},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[64,240,242,244,246,249,251],{"class":66,"line":241},11,[64,243,212],{"class":211},[64,245,144],{"class":95},[64,247,248],{"class":140},"deep",[64,250,219],{"class":95},[64,252,253],{"class":222},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,255,256,257,260,261,40,263,266],{},"Use ",[61,258,259],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[37,262,39],{},[61,264,265],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[49,268,270],{"id":269},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[21,272,273,276,279,282,285],{},[24,274,275],{},"What a copy means in Python",[24,277,278],{},"How shallow copy works",[24,280,281],{},"How deep copy works",[24,283,284],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[24,286,287],{},"When to use each approach",[49,289,291],{"id":290},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,293,294,295,297,298,301],{},"A ",[37,296,39],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[37,299,300],{},"not"," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,303,304],{},"That means:",[21,306,307,310,313],{},[24,308,309],{},"the outer container is new",[24,311,312],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[24,314,315],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,317,318],{},"Example:",[54,320,322],{"className":56,"code":321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[61,323,324,350,367,371,394,398,411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,325,326,328,330,332,334,336,338,340,342,344,346,348],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,327,88],{"class":74},[64,329,92],{"class":91},[64,331,96],{"class":95},[64,333,100],{"class":99},[64,335,103],{"class":95},[64,337,106],{"class":99},[64,339,109],{"class":95},[64,341,112],{"class":95},[64,343,115],{"class":99},[64,345,103],{"class":95},[64,347,120],{"class":99},[64,349,123],{"class":95},[64,351,352,355,357,360,362,364],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,353,354],{"class":74},"copied ",[64,356,92],{"class":91},[64,358,359],{"class":74}," original",[64,361,137],{"class":95},[64,363,141],{"class":140},[64,365,366],{"class":95},"()\n",[64,368,369],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,370,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,372,373,376,378,380,383,386,388,391],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,374,375],{"class":74},"copied",[64,377,137],{"class":95},[64,379,193],{"class":140},[64,381,382],{"class":95},"([",[64,384,385],{"class":99},"5",[64,387,103],{"class":95},[64,389,390],{"class":99}," 6",[64,392,393],{"class":95},"])\n",[64,395,396],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,397,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,399,400,402,404,406,408],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,401,212],{"class":211},[64,403,144],{"class":95},[64,405,147],{"class":140},[64,407,219],{"class":95},[64,409,410],{"class":222},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[64,412,413,415,417,419,421],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,414,212],{"class":211},[64,416,144],{"class":95},[64,418,375],{"class":140},[64,420,219],{"class":95},[64,422,423],{"class":222},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,425,426,427,429],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[61,428,375],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,431,432],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[54,434,436],{"className":56,"code":435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,437,438,464,478,482,500,504,516],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,439,440,442,444,446,448,450,452,454,456,458,460,462],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,441,88],{"class":74},[64,443,92],{"class":91},[64,445,96],{"class":95},[64,447,100],{"class":99},[64,449,103],{"class":95},[64,451,106],{"class":99},[64,453,109],{"class":95},[64,455,112],{"class":95},[64,457,115],{"class":99},[64,459,103],{"class":95},[64,461,120],{"class":99},[64,463,123],{"class":95},[64,465,466,468,470,472,474,476],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,467,354],{"class":74},[64,469,92],{"class":91},[64,471,359],{"class":74},[64,473,137],{"class":95},[64,475,141],{"class":140},[64,477,366],{"class":95},[64,479,480],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,481,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,483,484,486,488,490,492,494,496,498],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,485,375],{"class":74},[64,487,184],{"class":95},[64,489,187],{"class":99},[64,491,190],{"class":95},[64,493,193],{"class":140},[64,495,144],{"class":95},[64,497,198],{"class":99},[64,499,150],{"class":95},[64,501,502],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,503,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,505,506,508,510,512,514],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,507,212],{"class":211},[64,509,144],{"class":95},[64,511,147],{"class":140},[64,513,219],{"class":95},[64,515,223],{"class":222},[64,517,518,520,522,524,526],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,519,212],{"class":211},[64,521,144],{"class":95},[64,523,375],{"class":140},[64,525,219],{"class":95},[64,527,528],{"class":222},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,530,531,532,40,535,538],{},"Both changed because ",[61,533,534],{},"original[0]",[61,536,537],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,540,541,542,137],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[543,544,546],"a",{"href":545},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutability in Python",[49,548,550],{"id":549},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,552,294,553,555],{},[37,554,43],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,557,304],{},[21,559,560,562,565],{},[24,561,309],{},[24,563,564],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[24,566,567],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,569,318],{},[54,571,573],{"className":56,"code":572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,574,575,581,585,611,629,633,651,655,667],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,576,577,579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,578,71],{"class":70},[64,580,75],{"class":74},[64,582,583],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,584,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,586,587,589,591,593,595,597,599,601,603,605,607,609],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,588,88],{"class":74},[64,590,92],{"class":91},[64,592,96],{"class":95},[64,594,100],{"class":99},[64,596,103],{"class":95},[64,598,106],{"class":99},[64,600,109],{"class":95},[64,602,112],{"class":95},[64,604,115],{"class":99},[64,606,103],{"class":95},[64,608,120],{"class":99},[64,610,123],{"class":95},[64,612,613,615,617,619,621,623,625,627],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,614,354],{"class":74},[64,616,92],{"class":91},[64,618,134],{"class":74},[64,620,137],{"class":95},[64,622,165],{"class":140},[64,624,144],{"class":95},[64,626,147],{"class":140},[64,628,150],{"class":95},[64,630,631],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,632,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,634,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,636,375],{"class":74},[64,638,184],{"class":95},[64,640,187],{"class":99},[64,642,190],{"class":95},[64,644,193],{"class":140},[64,646,144],{"class":95},[64,648,198],{"class":99},[64,650,150],{"class":95},[64,652,653],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,654,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,656,657,659,661,663,665],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,658,212],{"class":211},[64,660,144],{"class":95},[64,662,147],{"class":140},[64,664,219],{"class":95},[64,666,410],{"class":222},[64,668,669,671,673,675,677],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,670,212],{"class":211},[64,672,144],{"class":95},[64,674,375],{"class":140},[64,676,219],{"class":95},[64,678,528],{"class":222},[14,680,681,682,684,685,137],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[61,683,537],{}," does not change ",[61,686,534],{},[49,688,690],{"id":689},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,692,693],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,695,696],{},"Common reasons:",[21,698,699,702,705,711],{},[24,700,701],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[24,703,704],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[24,706,707,708,710],{},"Assignment with ",[61,709,92],{}," does not make a copy",[24,712,713],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,715,716,717,719],{},"For example, this does ",[37,718,300],{}," create a copy:",[54,721,723],{"className":56,"code":722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,724,725,747,756,760,775,779,792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,726,727,729,731,733,735,737,739,741,744],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,728,88],{"class":74},[64,730,92],{"class":91},[64,732,112],{"class":95},[64,734,100],{"class":99},[64,736,103],{"class":95},[64,738,106],{"class":99},[64,740,103],{"class":95},[64,742,743],{"class":99}," 3",[64,745,746],{"class":95},"]\n",[64,748,749,751,753],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,750,354],{"class":74},[64,752,92],{"class":91},[64,754,755],{"class":74}," original\n",[64,757,758],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,759,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,761,762,764,766,768,770,773],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,763,375],{"class":74},[64,765,137],{"class":95},[64,767,193],{"class":140},[64,769,144],{"class":95},[64,771,772],{"class":99},"4",[64,774,150],{"class":95},[64,776,777],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,778,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,780,781,783,785,787,789],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,782,212],{"class":211},[64,784,144],{"class":95},[64,786,147],{"class":140},[64,788,219],{"class":95},[64,790,791],{"class":222},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[64,793,794,796,798,800,802],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,795,212],{"class":211},[64,797,144],{"class":95},[64,799,375],{"class":140},[64,801,219],{"class":95},[64,803,804],{"class":222},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,806,807],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[49,809,811],{"id":810},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,813,814],{},"These three ideas are different.",[816,817,819],"h3",{"id":818},"assignment","Assignment",[14,821,822],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[54,824,826],{"className":56,"code":825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[61,827,828,854,863,867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,829,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,831,88],{"class":74},[64,833,92],{"class":91},[64,835,96],{"class":95},[64,837,100],{"class":99},[64,839,103],{"class":95},[64,841,106],{"class":99},[64,843,109],{"class":95},[64,845,112],{"class":95},[64,847,115],{"class":99},[64,849,103],{"class":95},[64,851,120],{"class":99},[64,853,123],{"class":95},[64,855,856,859,861],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,857,858],{"class":74},"assigned ",[64,860,92],{"class":91},[64,862,755],{"class":74},[64,864,865],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,866,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,868,869,871,873,875,878,881,883],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,870,212],{"class":211},[64,872,144],{"class":95},[64,874,88],{"class":140},[64,876,877],{"class":70},"is",[64,879,880],{"class":140}," assigned",[64,882,219],{"class":95},[64,884,885],{"class":222},"  # True\n",[14,887,888],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[816,890,892],{"id":891},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,894,895],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[54,897,899],{"className":56,"code":898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[61,900,901,927,941,945,963],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,902,903,905,907,909,911,913,915,917,919,921,923,925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,904,88],{"class":74},[64,906,92],{"class":91},[64,908,96],{"class":95},[64,910,100],{"class":99},[64,912,103],{"class":95},[64,914,106],{"class":99},[64,916,109],{"class":95},[64,918,112],{"class":95},[64,920,115],{"class":99},[64,922,103],{"class":95},[64,924,120],{"class":99},[64,926,123],{"class":95},[64,928,929,931,933,935,937,939],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,930,129],{"class":74},[64,932,92],{"class":91},[64,934,359],{"class":74},[64,936,137],{"class":95},[64,938,141],{"class":140},[64,940,366],{"class":95},[64,942,943],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,944,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,946,947,949,951,953,955,958,960],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,948,212],{"class":211},[64,950,144],{"class":95},[64,952,88],{"class":140},[64,954,877],{"class":70},[64,956,957],{"class":140}," shallow",[64,959,219],{"class":95},[64,961,962],{"class":222},"      # False\n",[64,964,965,967,969,971,973,975,978,981,983,985,987,990],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,966,212],{"class":211},[64,968,144],{"class":95},[64,970,147],{"class":140},[64,972,184],{"class":95},[64,974,187],{"class":99},[64,976,977],{"class":95},"]",[64,979,980],{"class":70}," is",[64,982,957],{"class":140},[64,984,184],{"class":95},[64,986,187],{"class":99},[64,988,989],{"class":95},"])",[64,991,885],{"class":222},[816,993,995],{"id":994},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,997,998],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[54,1000,1002],{"className":56,"code":1001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[61,1003,1004,1010,1014,1040,1058,1062,1080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,1005,1006,1008],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1007,71],{"class":70},[64,1009,75],{"class":74},[64,1011,1012],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,1013,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1015,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,1017,88],{"class":74},[64,1019,92],{"class":91},[64,1021,96],{"class":95},[64,1023,100],{"class":99},[64,1025,103],{"class":95},[64,1027,106],{"class":99},[64,1029,109],{"class":95},[64,1031,112],{"class":95},[64,1033,115],{"class":99},[64,1035,103],{"class":95},[64,1037,120],{"class":99},[64,1039,123],{"class":95},[64,1041,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,1043,156],{"class":74},[64,1045,92],{"class":91},[64,1047,134],{"class":74},[64,1049,137],{"class":95},[64,1051,165],{"class":140},[64,1053,144],{"class":95},[64,1055,147],{"class":140},[64,1057,150],{"class":95},[64,1059,1060],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,1061,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1063,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1075,1077],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,1065,212],{"class":211},[64,1067,144],{"class":95},[64,1069,88],{"class":140},[64,1071,877],{"class":70},[64,1073,1074],{"class":140}," deep",[64,1076,219],{"class":95},[64,1078,1079],{"class":222},"         # False\n",[64,1081,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,1083,212],{"class":211},[64,1085,144],{"class":95},[64,1087,147],{"class":140},[64,1089,184],{"class":95},[64,1091,187],{"class":99},[64,1093,977],{"class":95},[64,1095,980],{"class":70},[64,1097,1074],{"class":140},[64,1099,184],{"class":95},[64,1101,187],{"class":99},[64,1103,989],{"class":95},[64,1105,1106],{"class":222},"   # False\n",[49,1108,1110],{"id":1109},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,1112,1113,1114,1117],{},"These all make ",[37,1115,1116],{},"shallow copies",":",[21,1119,1120,1125,1130,1135,1141],{},[24,1121,1122],{},[61,1123,1124],{},"list.copy()",[24,1126,1127],{},[61,1128,1129],{},"dict.copy()",[24,1131,1132],{},[61,1133,1134],{},"set.copy()",[24,1136,1137,1138],{},"list slicing like ",[61,1139,1140],{},"my_list[:]",[24,1142,1143,1145,1146,1148],{},[61,1144,259],{}," from the ",[61,1147,141],{}," module",[14,1150,1151],{},"Examples:",[54,1153,1155],{"className":56,"code":1154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,1156,1157,1178,1182,1198,1210,1214,1227],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,1158,1159,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1160,1161],{"class":74},"numbers ",[64,1163,92],{"class":91},[64,1165,112],{"class":95},[64,1167,100],{"class":99},[64,1169,103],{"class":95},[64,1171,106],{"class":99},[64,1173,103],{"class":95},[64,1175,743],{"class":99},[64,1177,746],{"class":95},[64,1179,1180],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,1181,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1183,1184,1187,1189,1192,1194,1196],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,1185,1186],{"class":74},"a ",[64,1188,92],{"class":91},[64,1190,1191],{"class":74}," numbers",[64,1193,137],{"class":95},[64,1195,141],{"class":140},[64,1197,366],{"class":95},[64,1199,1200,1203,1205,1207],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,1201,1202],{"class":74},"b ",[64,1204,92],{"class":91},[64,1206,1191],{"class":74},[64,1208,1209],{"class":95},"[:]\n",[64,1211,1212],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,1213,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1215,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,1217,212],{"class":211},[64,1219,144],{"class":95},[64,1221,543],{"class":140},[64,1223,219],{"class":95},[64,1225,1226],{"class":222},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[64,1228,1229,1231,1233,1236,1238],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,1230,212],{"class":211},[64,1232,144],{"class":95},[64,1234,1235],{"class":140},"b",[64,1237,219],{"class":95},[64,1239,1226],{"class":222},[14,1241,1242,1243,1249,1250,137],{},"For more detail, see the ",[543,1244,1246,1248],{"href":1245},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F",[61,1247,1124],{}," method"," and the ",[543,1251,1253,1248],{"href":1252},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[61,1254,1129],{},[49,1256,1258],{"id":1257},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,1260,1261],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[21,1263,1264,1267,1270],{},[24,1265,1266],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[24,1268,1269],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[24,1271,1272],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,1274,1275],{},"Example with a flat list:",[54,1277,1279],{"className":56,"code":1278,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,1280,1281,1301,1315,1319,1333,1337,1349],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,1282,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1284,88],{"class":74},[64,1286,92],{"class":91},[64,1288,112],{"class":95},[64,1290,100],{"class":99},[64,1292,103],{"class":95},[64,1294,106],{"class":99},[64,1296,103],{"class":95},[64,1298,743],{"class":99},[64,1300,746],{"class":95},[64,1302,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,1304,354],{"class":74},[64,1306,92],{"class":91},[64,1308,359],{"class":74},[64,1310,137],{"class":95},[64,1312,141],{"class":140},[64,1314,366],{"class":95},[64,1316,1317],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,1318,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1320,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,1322,375],{"class":74},[64,1324,137],{"class":95},[64,1326,193],{"class":140},[64,1328,144],{"class":95},[64,1330,772],{"class":99},[64,1332,150],{"class":95},[64,1334,1335],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,1336,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1338,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,1340,212],{"class":211},[64,1342,144],{"class":95},[64,1344,147],{"class":140},[64,1346,219],{"class":95},[64,1348,1226],{"class":222},[64,1350,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,1352,212],{"class":211},[64,1354,144],{"class":95},[64,1356,375],{"class":140},[64,1358,219],{"class":95},[64,1360,804],{"class":222},[14,1362,1363],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,1365,1366,1367,137],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[543,1368,1370],{"href":1369},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to copy a list in Python",[49,1372,1374],{"id":1373},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,1376,1377],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[21,1379,1380,1383,1386],{},[24,1381,1382],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[24,1384,1385],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[24,1387,1388],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,1390,1391],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[54,1393,1395],{"className":56,"code":1394,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[61,1396,1397,1403,1407,1441,1455,1473,1477,1500,1504,1517,1530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,1398,1399,1401],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1400,71],{"class":70},[64,1402,75],{"class":74},[64,1404,1405],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,1406,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1408,1409,1411,1413,1416,1420,1424,1426,1428,1430,1433,1435,1438],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,1410,88],{"class":74},[64,1412,92],{"class":91},[64,1414,1415],{"class":95}," {",[64,1417,1419],{"class":1418},"sjJ54","\"",[64,1421,1423],{"class":1422},"s_sjI","scores",[64,1425,1419],{"class":1418},[64,1427,1117],{"class":95},[64,1429,112],{"class":95},[64,1431,1432],{"class":99},"10",[64,1434,103],{"class":95},[64,1436,1437],{"class":99}," 20",[64,1439,1440],{"class":95},"]}\n",[64,1442,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,1444,129],{"class":74},[64,1446,92],{"class":91},[64,1448,359],{"class":74},[64,1450,137],{"class":95},[64,1452,141],{"class":140},[64,1454,366],{"class":95},[64,1456,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,1458,156],{"class":74},[64,1460,92],{"class":91},[64,1462,134],{"class":74},[64,1464,137],{"class":95},[64,1466,165],{"class":140},[64,1468,144],{"class":95},[64,1470,147],{"class":140},[64,1472,150],{"class":95},[64,1474,1475],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,1476,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1478,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1498],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,1480,147],{"class":74},[64,1482,184],{"class":95},[64,1484,1419],{"class":1418},[64,1486,1423],{"class":1422},[64,1488,1419],{"class":1418},[64,1490,190],{"class":95},[64,1492,193],{"class":140},[64,1494,144],{"class":95},[64,1496,1497],{"class":99},"30",[64,1499,150],{"class":95},[64,1501,1502],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,1503,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1505,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,1507,212],{"class":211},[64,1509,144],{"class":95},[64,1511,147],{"class":140},[64,1513,219],{"class":95},[64,1515,1516],{"class":222},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[64,1518,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,1520,212],{"class":211},[64,1522,144],{"class":95},[64,1524,233],{"class":140},[64,1526,219],{"class":95},[64,1528,1529],{"class":222},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[64,1531,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540],{"class":66,"line":241},[64,1533,212],{"class":211},[64,1535,144],{"class":95},[64,1537,248],{"class":140},[64,1539,219],{"class":95},[64,1541,1542],{"class":222},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,1544,1545],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[49,1547,1549],{"id":1548},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,1551,1552],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[21,1554,1555,1558,1561,1564],{},[24,1556,1557],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[24,1559,1560],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[24,1562,1563],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[24,1565,1566],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,1568,1569],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[54,1571,1573],{"className":56,"code":1572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[61,1574,1575,1584,1593,1597,1606,1610,1623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,1576,1577,1579,1581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1578,1186],{"class":74},[64,1580,92],{"class":91},[64,1582,1583],{"class":99}," 10\n",[64,1585,1586,1588,1590],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,1587,1202],{"class":74},[64,1589,92],{"class":91},[64,1591,1592],{"class":74}," a\n",[64,1594,1595],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,1596,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1598,1599,1601,1603],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,1600,1202],{"class":74},[64,1602,92],{"class":91},[64,1604,1605],{"class":99}," 20\n",[64,1607,1608],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,1609,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,1611,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,1613,212],{"class":211},[64,1615,144],{"class":95},[64,1617,543],{"class":140},[64,1619,219],{"class":95},[64,1621,1622],{"class":222},"  # 10\n",[64,1624,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,1626,212],{"class":211},[64,1628,144],{"class":95},[64,1630,1235],{"class":140},[64,1632,219],{"class":95},[64,1634,1635],{"class":222},"  # 20\n",[14,1637,1638,1639,1642],{},"This is one reason ",[543,1640,1641],{"href":545},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[49,1644,1646],{"id":1645},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1648,1649],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[21,1651,1652,1658,1663,1668,1671],{},[24,1653,1654,1655,1657],{},"Using ",[61,1656,92],{}," and expecting a real copy",[24,1659,1654,1660,1662],{},[61,1661,1124],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[24,1664,1654,1665,1667],{},[61,1666,1129],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[24,1669,1670],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[24,1672,1673],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,1675,1676],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[54,1678,1680],{"className":56,"code":1679,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[61,1681,1682,1697,1712,1738,1770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,1683,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1695],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1685,212],{"class":211},[64,1687,144],{"class":95},[64,1689,88],{"class":140},[64,1691,877],{"class":70},[64,1693,1694],{"class":140}," copied",[64,1696,150],{"class":95},[64,1698,1699,1701,1703,1705,1708,1710],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,1700,212],{"class":211},[64,1702,144],{"class":95},[64,1704,88],{"class":140},[64,1706,1707],{"class":91},"==",[64,1709,1694],{"class":140},[64,1711,150],{"class":95},[64,1713,1714,1716,1718,1721,1723,1725,1728,1731,1733,1735],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,1715,212],{"class":211},[64,1717,144],{"class":95},[64,1719,1720],{"class":211},"id",[64,1722,144],{"class":95},[64,1724,147],{"class":140},[64,1726,1727],{"class":95},"),",[64,1729,1730],{"class":211}," id",[64,1732,144],{"class":95},[64,1734,375],{"class":140},[64,1736,1737],{"class":95},"))\n",[64,1739,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1767],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,1741,212],{"class":211},[64,1743,144],{"class":95},[64,1745,1720],{"class":211},[64,1747,144],{"class":95},[64,1749,147],{"class":140},[64,1751,184],{"class":95},[64,1753,187],{"class":99},[64,1755,1756],{"class":95},"]),",[64,1758,1730],{"class":211},[64,1760,144],{"class":95},[64,1762,375],{"class":140},[64,1764,184],{"class":95},[64,1766,187],{"class":99},[64,1768,1769],{"class":95},"]))\n",[64,1771,1772,1774,1776,1780,1782,1784],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,1773,212],{"class":211},[64,1775,144],{"class":95},[64,1777,1779],{"class":1778},"sZMiF","type",[64,1781,144],{"class":95},[64,1783,147],{"class":140},[64,1785,1737],{"class":95},[14,1787,1788],{},"What they tell you:",[21,1790,1791,1796,1801,1807,1817],{},[24,1792,1793,1795],{},[61,1794,877],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[24,1797,1798,1800],{},[61,1799,1707],{}," checks whether values are equal",[24,1802,1803,1806],{},[61,1804,1805],{},"id()"," shows the identity of an object",[24,1808,1809,1810,40,1813,1816],{},"comparing ",[61,1811,1812],{},"id(original[0])",[61,1814,1815],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[24,1818,1819,1822],{},[61,1820,1821],{},"type()"," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[49,1824,1826],{"id":1825},"faq","FAQ",[816,1828,1830],{"id":1829},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,1832,1833],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[816,1835,1837],{"id":1836},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy","Is list.copy() a deep copy?",[14,1839,1840],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[816,1842,1844],{"id":1843},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,1846,1847],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[816,1849,1851],{"id":1850},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,1853,1854],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[816,1856,1858],{"id":1857},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,1860,1861],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[49,1863,1865],{"id":1864},"see-also","See also",[21,1867,1868,1873,1880,1886,1891],{},[24,1869,1870],{},[543,1871,1872],{"href":545},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[24,1874,1875],{},[543,1876,1877,1878,1248],{"href":1245},"Python ",[61,1879,1124],{},[24,1881,1882],{},[543,1883,1877,1884,1248],{"href":1252},[61,1885,1129],{},[24,1887,1888],{},[543,1889,1890],{"href":1369},"How to copy a list in Python",[24,1892,1893],{},[543,1894,1896],{"href":1895},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","What is a list in Python?",[1898,1899,1900],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":1902},[1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1925],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":269,"depth":78,"text":270},{"id":290,"depth":78,"text":291},{"id":549,"depth":78,"text":550},{"id":689,"depth":78,"text":690},{"id":810,"depth":78,"text":811,"children":1909},[1910,1911,1912],{"id":818,"depth":85,"text":819},{"id":891,"depth":85,"text":892},{"id":994,"depth":85,"text":995},{"id":1109,"depth":78,"text":1110},{"id":1257,"depth":78,"text":1258},{"id":1373,"depth":78,"text":1374},{"id":1548,"depth":78,"text":1549},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":1919},[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924],{"id":1829,"depth":85,"text":1830},{"id":1836,"depth":85,"text":1837},{"id":1843,"depth":85,"text":1844},{"id":1850,"depth":85,"text":1851},{"id":1857,"depth":85,"text":1858},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",{"title":5,"description":1926},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",[1934,3531,5243,6940,9081,11283,12794,14956,17161,19620,21457,24023,26122,28402,30350,32261,34258,35696,37523,40047,42209,43438,44806,46454,48774,50618,52600,54293,55544,57229,58979,60951,62701,64801,66161,68112,69675,71666,73460,75360,77802,79880,82520,84549,86512,88700,90704,93017,94698,96143,97337,98515,100354,102794,104498,106513,108037,109282,110445,111827,113898,115795,117397,119263,121382,123122,124584,126178,128101,129778,131713,133202,135986,137563,139122,141150,143102,144565,145754,147640,149051,150747,152301,153723,155126,157024,159418,161249],{"id":1935,"title":1936,"body":1937,"description":3525,"extension":1927,"meta":3526,"navigation":81,"path":3527,"seo":3528,"stem":3529,"__hash__":3530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1938,"toc":3497},[1939,1942,1949,1952,1963,1966,1968,2033,2036,2056,2061,2065,2070,2072,2087,2089,2114,2117,2121,2124,2140,2143,2170,2172,2232,2234,2249,2259,2269,2273,2276,2329,2331,2351,2354,2378,2385,2389,2394,2400,2402,2439,2441,2450,2457,2474,2477,2489,2493,2498,2502,2505,2525,2527,2583,2585,2593,2596,2600,2632,2634,2642,2645,2649,2654,2702,2704,2712,2716,2776,2778,2786,2789,2791,2795,2798,2821,2830,2846,2897,2899,2914,2925,2929,2932,2959,2966,2970,2975,3016,3018,3029,3032,3075,3077,3085,3089,3094,3116,3118,3127,3136,3140,3145,3167,3169,3239,3241,3293,3296,3299,3302,3383,3385,3416,3418,3422,3425,3429,3432,3436,3439,3443,3455,3459,3462,3464,3494],[10,1940,1936],{"id":1941},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1943,1944,1945,1948],{},"The ",[61,1946,1947],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1950,1951],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[21,1953,1954,1957,1960],{},[24,1955,1956],{},"a number without its negative sign",[24,1958,1959],{},"the distance between two numbers",[24,1961,1962],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1964,1965],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[49,1967,52],{"id":51},[54,1969,1971],{"className":56,"code":1970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[61,1972,1973,1992,2007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,1974,1975,1977,1979,1982,1984,1987,1990],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1976,212],{"class":211},[64,1978,144],{"class":95},[64,1980,1981],{"class":211},"abs",[64,1983,144],{"class":95},[64,1985,1986],{"class":91},"-",[64,1988,1989],{"class":99},"7",[64,1991,1737],{"class":95},[64,1993,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2005],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,1995,212],{"class":211},[64,1997,144],{"class":95},[64,1999,1981],{"class":211},[64,2001,144],{"class":95},[64,2003,2004],{"class":99},"3.5",[64,2006,1737],{"class":95},[64,2008,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2022,2025,2027,2031],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2010,212],{"class":211},[64,2012,144],{"class":95},[64,2014,1981],{"class":211},[64,2016,144],{"class":95},[64,2018,1986],{"class":91},[64,2020,2021],{"class":99},"2",[64,2023,2024],{"class":91},"+",[64,2026,115],{"class":99},[64,2028,2030],{"class":2029},"sbsja","j",[64,2032,1737],{"class":95},[14,2034,2035],{},"Output:",[54,2037,2039],{"className":56,"code":2038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[61,2040,2041,2046,2051],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2042,2043],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2044,2045],{"class":99},"7\n",[64,2047,2048],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2049,2050],{"class":99},"3.5\n",[64,2052,2053],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2054,2055],{"class":99},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2057,256,2058,2060],{},[61,2059,1947],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[49,2062,2064],{"id":2063},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2066,2067,2069],{},[61,2068,1947],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2071,304],{},[21,2073,2074,2077,2080],{},[24,2075,2076],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[24,2078,2079],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[24,2081,2082,2084,2085],{},[61,2083,187],{}," stays ",[61,2086,187],{},[14,2088,1151],{},[21,2090,2091,2099,2107],{},[24,2092,2093,2096,2097],{},[61,2094,2095],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[61,2098,385],{},[24,2100,2101,2096,2104],{},[61,2102,2103],{},"abs(9)",[61,2105,2106],{},"9",[24,2108,2109,2096,2112],{},[61,2110,2111],{},"abs(0)",[61,2113,187],{},[14,2115,2116],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[49,2118,2120],{"id":2119},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2122,2123],{},"The syntax is:",[54,2125,2127],{"className":56,"code":2126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abs(x)\n",[61,2128,2129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2130,2131,2133,2135,2138],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2132,1981],{"class":211},[64,2134,144],{"class":95},[64,2136,2137],{"class":140},"x",[64,2139,150],{"class":95},[14,2141,2142],{},"Here:",[21,2144,2145,2162,2167],{},[24,2146,2147,2149,2150,2153,2154,2157,2158,2161],{},[61,2148,2137],{}," is usually an ",[61,2151,2152],{},"int",", ",[61,2155,2156],{},"float",", or ",[61,2159,2160],{},"complex"," number",[24,2163,2164,2166],{},[61,2165,1947],{}," returns a new value",[24,2168,2169],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2171,318],{},[54,2173,2175],{"className":56,"code":2174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[61,2176,2177,2190,2207,2211,2221],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2178,2179,2182,2184,2187],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2180,2181],{"class":74},"number ",[64,2183,92],{"class":91},[64,2185,2186],{"class":91}," -",[64,2188,2189],{"class":99},"12\n",[64,2191,2192,2195,2197,2200,2202,2205],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2193,2194],{"class":74},"result ",[64,2196,92],{"class":91},[64,2198,2199],{"class":211}," abs",[64,2201,144],{"class":95},[64,2203,2204],{"class":140},"number",[64,2206,150],{"class":95},[64,2208,2209],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2210,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,2212,2213,2215,2217,2219],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,2214,212],{"class":211},[64,2216,144],{"class":95},[64,2218,2204],{"class":140},[64,2220,150],{"class":95},[64,2222,2223,2225,2227,2230],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,2224,212],{"class":211},[64,2226,144],{"class":95},[64,2228,2229],{"class":140},"result",[64,2231,150],{"class":95},[14,2233,2035],{},[54,2235,2237],{"className":56,"code":2236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-12\n12\n",[61,2238,2239,2245],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2240,2241,2243],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2242,1986],{"class":91},[64,2244,2189],{"class":99},[64,2246,2247],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2248,2189],{"class":99},[14,2250,2251,2252,2254,2255,2258],{},"Notice that ",[61,2253,2204],{}," is still ",[61,2256,2257],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2260,2261,2262,2268],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[543,2263,2265,2267],{"href":2264},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[61,2266,1821],{}," function"," can help.",[49,2270,2272],{"id":2271},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2274,2275],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[54,2277,2279],{"className":56,"code":2278,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[61,2280,2281,2297,2312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2282,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2284,212],{"class":211},[64,2286,144],{"class":95},[64,2288,1981],{"class":211},[64,2290,144],{"class":95},[64,2292,1986],{"class":91},[64,2294,1432],{"class":99},[64,2296,1737],{"class":95},[64,2298,2299,2301,2303,2305,2307,2310],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2300,212],{"class":211},[64,2302,144],{"class":95},[64,2304,1981],{"class":211},[64,2306,144],{"class":95},[64,2308,2309],{"class":99},"8",[64,2311,1737],{"class":95},[64,2313,2314,2316,2318,2320,2322,2324,2327],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2315,212],{"class":211},[64,2317,144],{"class":95},[64,2319,1981],{"class":211},[64,2321,144],{"class":95},[64,2323,1986],{"class":91},[64,2325,2326],{"class":99},"4.2",[64,2328,1737],{"class":95},[14,2330,2035],{},[54,2332,2334],{"className":56,"code":2333,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[61,2335,2336,2341,2346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2337,2338],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2339,2340],{"class":99},"10\n",[64,2342,2343],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2344,2345],{"class":99},"8\n",[64,2347,2348],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2349,2350],{"class":99},"4.2\n",[14,2352,2353],{},"What each line does:",[21,2355,2356,2364,2371],{},[24,2357,2358,2361,2362],{},[61,2359,2360],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[61,2363,1432],{},[24,2365,2366,2361,2369],{},[61,2367,2368],{},"abs(8)",[61,2370,2309],{},[24,2372,2373,2361,2376],{},[61,2374,2375],{},"abs(-4.2)",[61,2377,2326],{},[14,2379,2380,2381,137],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[543,2382,2384],{"href":2383},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[49,2386,2388],{"id":2387},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2390,2391,2393],{},[61,2392,1947],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2395,2396,2397,2399],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[61,2398,187],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2401,318],{},[54,2403,2405],{"className":56,"code":2404,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[61,2406,2407,2424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2408,2409,2412,2414,2416,2419,2421],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2410,2411],{"class":74},"value ",[64,2413,92],{"class":91},[64,2415,743],{"class":99},[64,2417,2418],{"class":91}," +",[64,2420,120],{"class":99},[64,2422,2423],{"class":2029},"j\n",[64,2425,2426,2428,2430,2432,2434,2437],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2427,212],{"class":211},[64,2429,144],{"class":95},[64,2431,1981],{"class":211},[64,2433,144],{"class":95},[64,2435,2436],{"class":140},"value",[64,2438,1737],{"class":95},[14,2440,2035],{},[54,2442,2444],{"className":56,"code":2443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n",[61,2445,2446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2447,2448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2449,2443],{"class":99},[14,2451,2452,2453,2456],{},"Why ",[61,2454,2455],{},"5.0","?",[21,2458,2459,2464,2469],{},[24,2460,2461,2462],{},"the real part is ",[61,2463,115],{},[24,2465,2466,2467],{},"the imaginary part is ",[61,2468,772],{},[24,2470,2471,2472],{},"the magnitude is ",[61,2473,2455],{},[14,2475,2476],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[21,2478,2479,2486],{},[24,2480,2481,2483,2484],{},[61,2482,1947],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[61,2485,2156],{},[24,2487,2488],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[49,2490,2492],{"id":2491},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2494,2495,2496,137],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[61,2497,1947],{},[816,2499,2501],{"id":2500},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2503,2504],{},"A very common pattern is:",[54,2506,2508],{"className":56,"code":2507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abs(a - b)\n",[61,2509,2510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2511,2512,2514,2516,2518,2520,2523],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2513,1981],{"class":211},[64,2515,144],{"class":95},[64,2517,1186],{"class":140},[64,2519,1986],{"class":91},[64,2521,2522],{"class":140}," b",[64,2524,150],{"class":95},[14,2526,318],{},[54,2528,2530],{"className":56,"code":2529,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[61,2531,2532,2541,2549,2553,2572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2533,2534,2536,2538],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2535,1186],{"class":74},[64,2537,92],{"class":91},[64,2539,2540],{"class":99}," 3\n",[64,2542,2543,2545,2547],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2544,1202],{"class":74},[64,2546,92],{"class":91},[64,2548,1583],{"class":99},[64,2550,2551],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2552,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,2554,2555,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,2556,2557],{"class":74},"distance ",[64,2559,92],{"class":91},[64,2561,2199],{"class":211},[64,2563,144],{"class":95},[64,2565,1186],{"class":140},[64,2567,1986],{"class":91},[64,2569,2522],{"class":140},[64,2571,150],{"class":95},[64,2573,2574,2576,2578,2581],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,2575,212],{"class":211},[64,2577,144],{"class":95},[64,2579,2580],{"class":140},"distance",[64,2582,150],{"class":95},[14,2584,2035],{},[54,2586,2587],{"className":56,"code":2045,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,2588,2589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2590,2591],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2592,2045],{"class":99},[14,2594,2595],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[816,2597,2599],{"id":2598},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[54,2601,2603],{"className":56,"code":2602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[61,2604,2605,2617],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2606,2607,2610,2612,2614],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2608,2609],{"class":74},"temperature_change ",[64,2611,92],{"class":91},[64,2613,2186],{"class":91},[64,2615,2616],{"class":99},"6\n",[64,2618,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2630],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2620,212],{"class":211},[64,2622,144],{"class":95},[64,2624,1981],{"class":211},[64,2626,144],{"class":95},[64,2628,2629],{"class":140},"temperature_change",[64,2631,1737],{"class":95},[14,2633,2035],{},[54,2635,2636],{"className":56,"code":2616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,2637,2638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2639,2640],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2641,2616],{"class":99},[14,2643,2644],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[816,2646,2648],{"id":2647},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2650,2651,2652,2268],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[61,2653,1947],{},[54,2655,2657],{"className":56,"code":2656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[61,2658,2659,2671,2687,2691],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2660,2661,2664,2666,2668],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2662,2663],{"class":74},"balance_change ",[64,2665,92],{"class":91},[64,2667,2186],{"class":91},[64,2669,2670],{"class":99},"25\n",[64,2672,2673,2676,2678,2680,2682,2685],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2674,2675],{"class":74},"safe_value ",[64,2677,92],{"class":91},[64,2679,2199],{"class":211},[64,2681,144],{"class":95},[64,2683,2684],{"class":140},"balance_change",[64,2686,150],{"class":95},[64,2688,2689],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2690,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,2692,2693,2695,2697,2700],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,2694,212],{"class":211},[64,2696,144],{"class":95},[64,2698,2699],{"class":140},"safe_value",[64,2701,150],{"class":95},[14,2703,2035],{},[54,2705,2706],{"className":56,"code":2670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,2707,2708],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2709,2710],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2711,2670],{"class":99},[816,2713,2715],{"id":2714},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[54,2717,2719],{"className":56,"code":2718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[61,2720,2721,2731,2741,2745,2765],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2722,2723,2726,2728],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2724,2725],{"class":74},"guess ",[64,2727,92],{"class":91},[64,2729,2730],{"class":99}," 42\n",[64,2732,2733,2736,2738],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2734,2735],{"class":74},"target ",[64,2737,92],{"class":91},[64,2739,2740],{"class":99}," 50\n",[64,2742,2743],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,2744,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,2746,2747,2750,2752,2754,2756,2758,2760,2763],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,2748,2749],{"class":74},"difference ",[64,2751,92],{"class":91},[64,2753,2199],{"class":211},[64,2755,144],{"class":95},[64,2757,2725],{"class":140},[64,2759,1986],{"class":91},[64,2761,2762],{"class":140}," target",[64,2764,150],{"class":95},[64,2766,2767,2769,2771,2774],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,2768,212],{"class":211},[64,2770,144],{"class":95},[64,2772,2773],{"class":140},"difference",[64,2775,150],{"class":95},[14,2777,2035],{},[54,2779,2780],{"className":56,"code":2345,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,2781,2782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2783,2784],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2785,2345],{"class":99},[14,2787,2788],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[49,2790,1646],{"id":1645},[816,2792,2794],{"id":2793},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2796,2797],{},"This causes an error:",[54,2799,2801],{"className":56,"code":2800,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[61,2802,2803],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2804,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2806,212],{"class":211},[64,2808,144],{"class":95},[64,2810,1981],{"class":211},[64,2812,144],{"class":95},[64,2814,1419],{"class":1418},[64,2816,385],{"class":1422},[64,2818,1419],{"class":1418},[64,2820,1737],{"class":95},[14,2822,2823,2826,2827,2829],{},[61,2824,2825],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[61,2828,1947],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2831,2832,2833,2839,2840,1117],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[543,2834,2836],{"href":2835},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[61,2837,2838],{},"int()"," or ",[543,2841,2843],{"href":2842},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[61,2844,2845],{},"float()",[54,2847,2849],{"className":56,"code":2848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[61,2850,2851,2874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2852,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2854,212],{"class":211},[64,2856,144],{"class":95},[64,2858,1981],{"class":211},[64,2860,144],{"class":95},[64,2862,2152],{"class":1778},[64,2864,144],{"class":95},[64,2866,1419],{"class":1418},[64,2868,385],{"class":1422},[64,2870,1419],{"class":1418},[64,2872,2873],{"class":95},")))\n",[64,2875,2876,2878,2880,2882,2884,2886,2888,2890,2893,2895],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2877,212],{"class":211},[64,2879,144],{"class":95},[64,2881,1981],{"class":211},[64,2883,144],{"class":95},[64,2885,2156],{"class":1778},[64,2887,144],{"class":95},[64,2889,1419],{"class":1418},[64,2891,2892],{"class":1422},"-3.2",[64,2894,1419],{"class":1418},[64,2896,2873],{"class":95},[14,2898,2035],{},[54,2900,2902],{"className":56,"code":2901,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n3.2\n",[61,2903,2904,2909],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2905,2906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2907,2908],{"class":99},"5\n",[64,2910,2911],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2912,2913],{"class":99},"3.2\n",[14,2915,2916,2917,2920,2921,137],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[61,2918,2919],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[543,2922,2924],{"href":2923},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[816,2926,2928],{"id":2927},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2930,2931],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[54,2933,2935],{"className":56,"code":2934,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[61,2936,2937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2938,2939,2941,2943,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2940,212],{"class":211},[64,2942,144],{"class":95},[64,2944,1981],{"class":211},[64,2946,382],{"class":95},[64,2948,100],{"class":99},[64,2950,103],{"class":95},[64,2952,106],{"class":99},[64,2954,103],{"class":95},[64,2956,743],{"class":99},[64,2958,1769],{"class":95},[14,2960,2961,2962,2965],{},"This raises a ",[61,2963,2964],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[816,2967,2969],{"id":2968},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2971,2972,2974],{},[61,2973,1947],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[54,2976,2978],{"className":56,"code":2977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[61,2979,2980,2992,3002,3006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,2981,2982,2985,2987,2989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2983,2984],{"class":74},"x ",[64,2986,92],{"class":91},[64,2988,2186],{"class":91},[64,2990,2991],{"class":99},"9\n",[64,2993,2994,2996,2998,3000],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,2995,1981],{"class":211},[64,2997,144],{"class":95},[64,2999,2137],{"class":140},[64,3001,150],{"class":95},[64,3003,3004],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3005,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,3007,3008,3010,3012,3014],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,3009,212],{"class":211},[64,3011,144],{"class":95},[64,3013,2137],{"class":140},[64,3015,150],{"class":95},[14,3017,2035],{},[54,3019,3021],{"className":56,"code":3020,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-9\n",[61,3022,3023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3024,3025,3027],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3026,1986],{"class":91},[64,3028,2991],{"class":99},[14,3030,3031],{},"If you want to store the result:",[54,3033,3035],{"className":56,"code":3034,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[61,3036,3037,3047,3061,3065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3038,3039,3041,3043,3045],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3040,2984],{"class":74},[64,3042,92],{"class":91},[64,3044,2186],{"class":91},[64,3046,2991],{"class":99},[64,3048,3049,3051,3053,3055,3057,3059],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3050,2984],{"class":74},[64,3052,92],{"class":91},[64,3054,2199],{"class":211},[64,3056,144],{"class":95},[64,3058,2137],{"class":140},[64,3060,150],{"class":95},[64,3062,3063],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3064,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,3066,3067,3069,3071,3073],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,3068,212],{"class":211},[64,3070,144],{"class":95},[64,3072,2137],{"class":140},[64,3074,150],{"class":95},[14,3076,2035],{},[54,3078,3079],{"className":56,"code":2991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,3080,3081],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3082,3083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3084,2991],{"class":99},[816,3086,3088],{"id":3087},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3090,3091,3093],{},[61,3092,1947],{}," does not round numbers.",[54,3095,3097],{"className":56,"code":3096,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[61,3098,3099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3100,3101,3103,3105,3107,3109,3111,3114],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3102,212],{"class":211},[64,3104,144],{"class":95},[64,3106,1981],{"class":211},[64,3108,144],{"class":95},[64,3110,1986],{"class":91},[64,3112,3113],{"class":99},"4.7",[64,3115,1737],{"class":95},[14,3117,2035],{},[54,3119,3121],{"className":56,"code":3120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4.7\n",[61,3122,3123],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3124,3125],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3126,3120],{"class":99},[14,3128,3129,3130,3132,3133,3135],{},"If you expected ",[61,3131,385],{},", that is a different operation. ",[61,3134,1947],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[49,3137,3139],{"id":3138},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3141,3142,3144],{},[61,3143,1947],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[21,3146,3147,3154,3161],{},[24,3148,3149,3151,3152],{},[61,3150,2152],{}," input → returns an ",[61,3153,2152],{},[24,3155,3156,3158,3159],{},[61,3157,2156],{}," input → returns a ",[61,3160,2156],{},[24,3162,3163,3158,3165],{},[61,3164,2160],{},[61,3166,2156],{},[14,3168,318],{},[54,3170,3172],{"className":56,"code":3171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[61,3173,3174,3194,3215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3175,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3177,212],{"class":211},[64,3179,144],{"class":95},[64,3181,1779],{"class":1778},[64,3183,144],{"class":95},[64,3185,1981],{"class":211},[64,3187,144],{"class":95},[64,3189,1986],{"class":91},[64,3191,385],{"class":99},[64,3193,2873],{"class":95},[64,3195,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3213],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3197,212],{"class":211},[64,3199,144],{"class":95},[64,3201,1779],{"class":1778},[64,3203,144],{"class":95},[64,3205,1981],{"class":211},[64,3207,144],{"class":95},[64,3209,1986],{"class":91},[64,3211,3212],{"class":99},"3.2",[64,3214,2873],{"class":95},[64,3216,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235,3237],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3218,212],{"class":211},[64,3220,144],{"class":95},[64,3222,1779],{"class":1778},[64,3224,144],{"class":95},[64,3226,1981],{"class":211},[64,3228,144],{"class":95},[64,3230,115],{"class":99},[64,3232,2418],{"class":91},[64,3234,120],{"class":99},[64,3236,2030],{"class":2029},[64,3238,2873],{"class":95},[14,3240,2035],{},[54,3242,3244],{"className":56,"code":3243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[61,3245,3246,3265,3279],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3247,3248,3251,3254,3257,3259,3262],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3249,3250],{"class":91},"\u003C",[64,3252,3253],{"class":2029},"class",[64,3255,3256],{"class":1418}," '",[64,3258,2152],{"class":1422},[64,3260,3261],{"class":1418},"'",[64,3263,3264],{"class":91},">\n",[64,3266,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3268,3250],{"class":91},[64,3270,3253],{"class":2029},[64,3272,3256],{"class":1418},[64,3274,2156],{"class":1422},[64,3276,3261],{"class":1418},[64,3278,3264],{"class":91},[64,3280,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3282,3250],{"class":91},[64,3284,3253],{"class":2029},[64,3286,3256],{"class":1418},[64,3288,2156],{"class":1422},[64,3290,3261],{"class":1418},[64,3292,3264],{"class":91},[14,3294,3295],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3297,3298],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3300,3301],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[54,3303,3305],{"className":56,"code":3304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[61,3306,3307,3322,3332,3346,3350,3364],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3308,3309,3311,3313,3316,3319],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3310,2411],{"class":74},[64,3312,92],{"class":91},[64,3314,3315],{"class":1418}," \"",[64,3317,3318],{"class":1422},"-5",[64,3320,3321],{"class":1418},"\"\n",[64,3323,3324,3326,3328,3330],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3325,212],{"class":211},[64,3327,144],{"class":95},[64,3329,2436],{"class":140},[64,3331,150],{"class":95},[64,3333,3334,3336,3338,3340,3342,3344],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3335,212],{"class":211},[64,3337,144],{"class":95},[64,3339,1779],{"class":1778},[64,3341,144],{"class":95},[64,3343,2436],{"class":140},[64,3345,1737],{"class":95},[64,3347,3348],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,3349,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,3351,3352,3355,3357,3359,3362],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,3353,3354],{"class":74},"user_input ",[64,3356,92],{"class":91},[64,3358,3315],{"class":1418},[64,3360,3361],{"class":1422},"-3.7",[64,3363,3321],{"class":1418},[64,3365,3366,3368,3370,3372,3374,3376,3378,3381],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,3367,212],{"class":211},[64,3369,144],{"class":95},[64,3371,1981],{"class":211},[64,3373,144],{"class":95},[64,3375,2156],{"class":1778},[64,3377,144],{"class":95},[64,3379,3380],{"class":140},"user_input",[64,3382,2873],{"class":95},[14,3384,2035],{},[54,3386,3388],{"className":56,"code":3387,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[61,3389,3390,3396,3411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3391,3392,3394],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3393,1986],{"class":91},[64,3395,2908],{"class":99},[64,3397,3398,3400,3402,3404,3407,3409],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3399,3250],{"class":91},[64,3401,3253],{"class":2029},[64,3403,3256],{"class":1418},[64,3405,3406],{"class":1422},"str",[64,3408,3261],{"class":1418},[64,3410,3264],{"class":91},[64,3412,3413],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3414,3415],{"class":99},"3.7\n",[49,3417,1826],{"id":1825},[816,3419,3421],{"id":3420},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3423,3424],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[816,3426,3428],{"id":3427},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3430,3431],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[816,3433,3435],{"id":3434},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3437,3438],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[816,3440,3442],{"id":3441},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3444,3445,3447,3448,2839,3450,3452,3453,137],{},[61,3446,2919],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[61,3449,2838],{},[61,3451,2845],{}," before using ",[61,3454,1947],{},[816,3456,3458],{"id":3457},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3460,3461],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[49,3463,1865],{"id":1864},[21,3465,3466,3473,3479,3485,3490],{},[24,3467,3468],{},[543,3469,3470,3472],{"href":2835},[61,3471,2838],{}," function explained",[24,3474,3475],{},[543,3476,3477,3472],{"href":2842},[61,3478,2845],{},[24,3480,3481],{},[543,3482,3483,3472],{"href":2264},[61,3484,1821],{},[24,3486,3487],{},[543,3488,3489],{"href":2923},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[24,3491,3492],{},[543,3493,2384],{"href":2383},[1898,3495,3496],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":3498},[3499,3500,3501,3502,3503,3504,3510,3516,3517,3524],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":2063,"depth":78,"text":2064},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":2271,"depth":78,"text":2272},{"id":2387,"depth":78,"text":2388},{"id":2491,"depth":78,"text":2492,"children":3505},[3506,3507,3508,3509],{"id":2500,"depth":85,"text":2501},{"id":2598,"depth":85,"text":2599},{"id":2647,"depth":85,"text":2648},{"id":2714,"depth":85,"text":2715},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":3511},[3512,3513,3514,3515],{"id":2793,"depth":85,"text":2794},{"id":2927,"depth":85,"text":2928},{"id":2968,"depth":85,"text":2969},{"id":3087,"depth":85,"text":3088},{"id":3138,"depth":78,"text":3139},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":3518},[3519,3520,3521,3522,3523],{"id":3420,"depth":85,"text":3421},{"id":3427,"depth":85,"text":3428},{"id":3434,"depth":85,"text":3435},{"id":3441,"depth":85,"text":3442},{"id":3457,"depth":85,"text":3458},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1936,"description":3525},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3532,"title":3533,"body":3534,"description":5237,"extension":1927,"meta":5238,"navigation":81,"path":5239,"seo":5240,"stem":5241,"__hash__":5242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3535,"toc":5201},[3536,3543,3549,3552,3569,3573,3626,3636,3643,3647,3666,3669,3686,3689,3693,3701,3718,3721,3761,3764,3771,3777,3853,3855,3886,3892,3896,3900,3939,3941,3950,3957,3961,4000,4002,4011,4021,4025,4081,4083,4091,4094,4097,4144,4146,4154,4160,4167,4172,4175,4178,4244,4246,4254,4257,4324,4326,4334,4348,4351,4362,4366,4372,4375,4377,4393,4395,4403,4406,4409,4412,4429,4432,4435,4465,4467,4480,4484,4488,4491,4506,4511,4514,4541,4548,4551,4591,4597,4603,4611,4614,4665,4672,4736,4741,4750,4753,4771,4777,4780,4922,4928,4933,4936,4947,4950,5006,5008,5016,5019,5078,5080,5088,5091,5102,5104,5111,5120,5129,5132,5139,5142,5151,5164,5166,5198],[10,3537,1877,3539,3542],{"id":3538},"python-all-function-explained",[61,3540,3541],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3544,3545,3546,3548],{},"Python’s ",[61,3547,3541],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3550,3551],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[21,3553,3554,3557,3560],{},[24,3555,3556],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[24,3558,3559],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[24,3561,3562,2361,3565,3568],{},[61,3563,3564],{},"all([])",[61,3566,3567],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[49,3570,3572],{"id":3571},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[54,3574,3576],{"className":56,"code":3575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[61,3577,3578,3598,3614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3579,3580,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594,3596],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3581,1161],{"class":74},[64,3583,92],{"class":91},[64,3585,112],{"class":95},[64,3587,100],{"class":99},[64,3589,103],{"class":95},[64,3591,106],{"class":99},[64,3593,103],{"class":95},[64,3595,743],{"class":99},[64,3597,746],{"class":95},[64,3599,3600,3602,3604,3607,3609,3612],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3601,2194],{"class":74},[64,3603,92],{"class":91},[64,3605,3606],{"class":211}," all",[64,3608,144],{"class":95},[64,3610,3611],{"class":140},"numbers",[64,3613,150],{"class":95},[64,3615,3616,3618,3620,3622,3624],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3617,212],{"class":211},[64,3619,144],{"class":95},[64,3621,2229],{"class":140},[64,3623,219],{"class":95},[64,3625,885],{"class":222},[14,3627,3628,2361,3630,3632,3633,137],{},[61,3629,3541],{},[61,3631,3567],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[61,3634,3635],{},"False",[49,3637,3639,3640,3642],{"id":3638},"what-all-does","What ",[61,3641,3541],{}," does",[14,3644,3645,1117],{},[61,3646,3541],{},[21,3648,3649,3652,3658,3663],{},[24,3650,3651],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[24,3653,3654,3655,3657],{},"returns ",[61,3656,3567],{}," if all items are truthy",[24,3659,3654,3660,3662],{},[61,3661,3635],{}," if any item is falsy",[24,3664,3665],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3667,3668],{},"Basic syntax:",[54,3670,3672],{"className":56,"code":3671,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"all(iterable)\n",[61,3673,3674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3675,3676,3679,3681,3684],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3677,3678],{"class":211},"all",[64,3680,144],{"class":95},[64,3682,3683],{"class":140},"iterable",[64,3685,150],{"class":95},[14,3687,3688],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[49,3690,3692],{"id":3691},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3694,3695,3696,2839,3698,3700],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[61,3697,3567],{},[61,3699,3635],{}," in conditions.",[21,3702,3703,3711],{},[24,3704,3705,3708,3709],{},[37,3706,3707],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[61,3710,3567],{},[24,3712,3713,3708,3716],{},[37,3714,3715],{},"Falsy",[61,3717,3635],{},[14,3719,3720],{},"Common falsy values include:",[21,3722,3723,3727,3732,3737,3742,3746,3751,3756],{},[24,3724,3725],{},[61,3726,187],{},[24,3728,3729],{},[61,3730,3731],{},"0.0",[24,3733,3734],{},[61,3735,3736],{},"''",[24,3738,3739],{},[61,3740,3741],{},"None",[24,3743,3744],{},[61,3745,3635],{},[24,3747,3748],{},[61,3749,3750],{},"[]",[24,3752,3753],{},[61,3754,3755],{},"{}",[24,3757,3758],{},[61,3759,3760],{},"set()",[14,3762,3763],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3765,3766,3767,137],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[543,3768,3770],{"href":3769},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3772,3773,3774,1117],{},"You can test this with ",[61,3775,3776],{},"bool()",[54,3778,3780],{"className":56,"code":3779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[61,3781,3782,3820,3824],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3783,3784,3787,3789,3791,3793,3795,3798,3800,3803,3805,3807,3810,3812,3814,3818],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3785,3786],{"class":74},"values ",[64,3788,92],{"class":91},[64,3790,112],{"class":95},[64,3792,100],{"class":99},[64,3794,103],{"class":95},[64,3796,3797],{"class":99}," 0",[64,3799,103],{"class":95},[64,3801,3802],{"class":1418}," ''",[64,3804,103],{"class":95},[64,3806,3256],{"class":1418},[64,3808,3809],{"class":1422},"hello",[64,3811,3261],{"class":1418},[64,3813,103],{"class":95},[64,3815,3817],{"class":3816},"s39Yj"," None",[64,3819,746],{"class":95},[64,3821,3822],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3823,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,3825,3826,3828,3830,3833,3835,3837,3839,3842,3845,3848,3851],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,3827,212],{"class":211},[64,3829,382],{"class":95},[64,3831,3832],{"class":1778},"bool",[64,3834,144],{"class":95},[64,3836,2137],{"class":140},[64,3838,219],{"class":95},[64,3840,3841],{"class":70}," for",[64,3843,3844],{"class":140}," x ",[64,3846,3847],{"class":70},"in",[64,3849,3850],{"class":140}," values",[64,3852,393],{"class":95},[14,3854,2035],{},[54,3856,3858],{"className":56,"code":3857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[61,3859,3860],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3861,3862,3864,3866,3868,3871,3873,3875,3877,3880,3882,3884],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3863,184],{"class":95},[64,3865,3567],{"class":3816},[64,3867,103],{"class":95},[64,3869,3870],{"class":3816}," False",[64,3872,103],{"class":95},[64,3874,3870],{"class":3816},[64,3876,103],{"class":95},[64,3878,3879],{"class":3816}," True",[64,3881,103],{"class":95},[64,3883,3870],{"class":3816},[64,3885,746],{"class":95},[14,3887,3888,3889,3891],{},"This matters because ",[61,3890,3541],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[49,3893,3895],{"id":3894},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[816,3897,3899],{"id":3898},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[54,3901,3903],{"className":56,"code":3902,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[61,3904,3905,3925],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3906,3907,3909,3911,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3923],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3908,1161],{"class":74},[64,3910,92],{"class":91},[64,3912,112],{"class":95},[64,3914,100],{"class":99},[64,3916,103],{"class":95},[64,3918,106],{"class":99},[64,3920,103],{"class":95},[64,3922,743],{"class":99},[64,3924,746],{"class":95},[64,3926,3927,3929,3931,3933,3935,3937],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3928,212],{"class":211},[64,3930,144],{"class":95},[64,3932,3678],{"class":211},[64,3934,144],{"class":95},[64,3936,3611],{"class":140},[64,3938,1737],{"class":95},[14,3940,2035],{},[54,3942,3944],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n",[61,3945,3946],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3947,3948],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3949,3943],{"class":3816},[14,3951,3952,3953,2361,3955,137],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[61,3954,3541],{},[61,3956,3567],{},[816,3958,3960],{"id":3959},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[54,3962,3964],{"className":56,"code":3963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[61,3965,3966,3986],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,3967,3968,3970,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982,3984],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3969,1161],{"class":74},[64,3971,92],{"class":91},[64,3973,112],{"class":95},[64,3975,100],{"class":99},[64,3977,103],{"class":95},[64,3979,3797],{"class":99},[64,3981,103],{"class":95},[64,3983,743],{"class":99},[64,3985,746],{"class":95},[64,3987,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,3989,212],{"class":211},[64,3991,144],{"class":95},[64,3993,3678],{"class":211},[64,3995,144],{"class":95},[64,3997,3611],{"class":140},[64,3999,1737],{"class":95},[14,4001,2035],{},[54,4003,4005],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\n",[61,4006,4007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4008,4009],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4010,4004],{"class":3816},[14,4012,4013,4014,4016,4017,2361,4019,137],{},"The value ",[61,4015,187],{}," is falsy, so ",[61,4018,3541],{},[61,4020,3635],{},[816,4022,4024],{"id":4023},"example-strings","Example: strings",[54,4026,4028],{"className":56,"code":4027,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[61,4029,4030,4066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4031,4032,4035,4037,4039,4041,4044,4046,4048,4050,4053,4055,4057,4059,4062,4064],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4033,4034],{"class":74},"words ",[64,4036,92],{"class":91},[64,4038,112],{"class":95},[64,4040,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4042,4043],{"class":1422},"apple",[64,4045,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4047,103],{"class":95},[64,4049,3256],{"class":1418},[64,4051,4052],{"class":1422},"banana",[64,4054,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4056,103],{"class":95},[64,4058,3256],{"class":1418},[64,4060,4061],{"class":1422},"cherry",[64,4063,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4065,746],{"class":95},[64,4067,4068,4070,4072,4074,4076,4079],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4069,212],{"class":211},[64,4071,144],{"class":95},[64,4073,3678],{"class":211},[64,4075,144],{"class":95},[64,4077,4078],{"class":140},"words",[64,4080,1737],{"class":95},[14,4082,2035],{},[54,4084,4085],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,4086,4087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4088,4089],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4090,3943],{"class":3816},[14,4092,4093],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4095,4096],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[54,4098,4100],{"className":56,"code":4099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[61,4101,4102,4130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4103,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4105,4034],{"class":74},[64,4107,92],{"class":91},[64,4109,112],{"class":95},[64,4111,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4113,4043],{"class":1422},[64,4115,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4117,103],{"class":95},[64,4119,3802],{"class":1418},[64,4121,103],{"class":95},[64,4123,3256],{"class":1418},[64,4125,4061],{"class":1422},[64,4127,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4129,746],{"class":95},[64,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4133,212],{"class":211},[64,4135,144],{"class":95},[64,4137,3678],{"class":211},[64,4139,144],{"class":95},[64,4141,4078],{"class":140},[64,4143,1737],{"class":95},[14,4145,2035],{},[54,4147,4148],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,4149,4150],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4151,4152],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4153,4004],{"class":3816},[14,4155,4156,4157,4159],{},"The empty string ",[61,4158,3736],{}," is falsy.",[49,4161,4163,4164,4166],{"id":4162},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[61,4165,3541],{}," works with conditions",[14,4168,4169,4171],{},[61,4170,3541],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4173,4174],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4176,4177],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[54,4179,4181],{"className":56,"code":4180,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,4182,4183,4203,4230,4234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4184,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4186,1161],{"class":74},[64,4188,92],{"class":91},[64,4190,112],{"class":95},[64,4192,100],{"class":99},[64,4194,103],{"class":95},[64,4196,106],{"class":99},[64,4198,103],{"class":95},[64,4200,743],{"class":99},[64,4202,746],{"class":95},[64,4204,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215,4218,4220,4222,4224,4226,4228],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4206,2194],{"class":74},[64,4208,92],{"class":91},[64,4210,3606],{"class":211},[64,4212,144],{"class":95},[64,4214,2984],{"class":140},[64,4216,4217],{"class":91},">",[64,4219,3797],{"class":99},[64,4221,3841],{"class":70},[64,4223,3844],{"class":140},[64,4225,3847],{"class":70},[64,4227,1191],{"class":140},[64,4229,150],{"class":95},[64,4231,4232],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,4233,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,4235,4236,4238,4240,4242],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,4237,212],{"class":211},[64,4239,144],{"class":95},[64,4241,2229],{"class":140},[64,4243,150],{"class":95},[14,4245,2035],{},[54,4247,4248],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,4249,4250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4251,4252],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4253,3943],{"class":3816},[14,4255,4256],{},"Here is one that fails:",[54,4258,4260],{"className":56,"code":4259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,4261,4262,4284,4310,4314],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4263,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4265,1161],{"class":74},[64,4267,92],{"class":91},[64,4269,112],{"class":95},[64,4271,100],{"class":99},[64,4273,103],{"class":95},[64,4275,2186],{"class":91},[64,4277,2021],{"class":99},[64,4279,103],{"class":95},[64,4281,743],{"class":99},[64,4283,746],{"class":95},[64,4285,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4287,2194],{"class":74},[64,4289,92],{"class":91},[64,4291,3606],{"class":211},[64,4293,144],{"class":95},[64,4295,2984],{"class":140},[64,4297,4217],{"class":91},[64,4299,3797],{"class":99},[64,4301,3841],{"class":70},[64,4303,3844],{"class":140},[64,4305,3847],{"class":70},[64,4307,1191],{"class":140},[64,4309,150],{"class":95},[64,4311,4312],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,4313,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,4315,4316,4318,4320,4322],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,4317,212],{"class":211},[64,4319,144],{"class":95},[64,4321,2229],{"class":140},[64,4323,150],{"class":95},[14,4325,2035],{},[54,4327,4328],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,4329,4330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4331,4332],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4333,4004],{"class":3816},[14,4335,4336,4337,4340,4341,4343,4344,2361,4346,137],{},"The expression ",[61,4338,4339],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[61,4342,3567],{},", then ",[61,4345,3541],{},[61,4347,3567],{},[14,4349,4350],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4352,4353,4354,40,4358,137],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[543,4355,4357],{"href":4356},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[543,4359,4361],{"href":4360},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[49,4363,4365],{"id":4364},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4367,4368,2361,4370,137],{},[61,4369,3564],{},[61,4371,3567],{},[14,4373,4374],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4376,318],{},[54,4378,4380],{"className":56,"code":4379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([]))\n",[61,4381,4382],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4383,4384,4386,4388,4390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4385,212],{"class":211},[64,4387,144],{"class":95},[64,4389,3678],{"class":211},[64,4391,4392],{"class":95},"([]))\n",[14,4394,2035],{},[54,4396,4397],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,4398,4399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4400,4401],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4402,3943],{"class":3816},[14,4404,4405],{},"Why?",[14,4407,4408],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4410,4411],{},"Think of it this way:",[21,4413,4414,4421,4424],{},[24,4415,4416,2361,4418,4420],{},[61,4417,3541],{},[61,4419,3635],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[24,4422,4423],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[24,4425,4426,4427],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[61,4428,3635],{},[14,4430,4431],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4433,4434],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[54,4436,4438],{"className":56,"code":4437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[61,4439,4440,4451],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4441,4442,4444,4446,4448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4443,212],{"class":211},[64,4445,144],{"class":95},[64,4447,3678],{"class":211},[64,4449,4450],{"class":95},"(()))\n",[64,4452,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4454,212],{"class":211},[64,4456,144],{"class":95},[64,4458,3678],{"class":211},[64,4460,144],{"class":95},[64,4462,3736],{"class":1418},[64,4464,1737],{"class":95},[14,4466,2035],{},[54,4468,4470],{"className":56,"code":4469,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\n",[61,4471,4472,4476],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4473,4474],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4475,3943],{"class":3816},[64,4477,4478],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4479,3943],{"class":3816},[49,4481,4483],{"id":4482},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[816,4485,4487],{"id":4486},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4489,4490],{},"This is wrong:",[54,4492,4494],{"className":56,"code":4493,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[61,4495,4496,4501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4497,4498],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4499,4500],{"class":222},"# Wrong\n",[64,4502,4503],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4504,4505],{"class":222},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4507,4508,4510],{},[61,4509,3541],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4512,4513],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[54,4515,4517],{"className":56,"code":4516,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[61,4518,4519],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4520,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4522,212],{"class":211},[64,4524,144],{"class":95},[64,4526,3678],{"class":211},[64,4528,382],{"class":95},[64,4530,100],{"class":99},[64,4532,103],{"class":95},[64,4534,106],{"class":99},[64,4536,103],{"class":95},[64,4538,743],{"class":99},[64,4540,1769],{"class":95},[816,4542,4544,4545,4547],{"id":4543},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[61,4546,3541],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4549,4550],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[54,4552,4554],{"className":56,"code":4553,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[61,4555,4556,4577],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4557,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4571,4573,4575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4559,1161],{"class":74},[64,4561,92],{"class":91},[64,4563,112],{"class":95},[64,4565,385],{"class":99},[64,4567,103],{"class":95},[64,4569,4570],{"class":99}," 5",[64,4572,103],{"class":95},[64,4574,4570],{"class":99},[64,4576,746],{"class":95},[64,4578,4579,4581,4583,4585,4587,4589],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4580,212],{"class":211},[64,4582,144],{"class":95},[64,4584,3678],{"class":211},[64,4586,144],{"class":95},[64,4588,3611],{"class":140},[64,4590,1737],{"class":95},[14,4592,4593,4594,4596],{},"This does ",[37,4595,300],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4598,4599,4600,4602],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[61,4601,385],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[54,4604,4605],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,4606,4607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4608,4609],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4610,3943],{"class":3816},[14,4612,4613],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[54,4615,4617],{"className":56,"code":4616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[61,4618,4619,4639],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4620,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4622,1161],{"class":74},[64,4624,92],{"class":91},[64,4626,112],{"class":95},[64,4628,385],{"class":99},[64,4630,103],{"class":95},[64,4632,4570],{"class":99},[64,4634,103],{"class":95},[64,4636,4570],{"class":99},[64,4638,746],{"class":95},[64,4640,4641,4643,4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4642,212],{"class":211},[64,4644,144],{"class":95},[64,4646,3678],{"class":211},[64,4648,144],{"class":95},[64,4650,2984],{"class":140},[64,4652,1707],{"class":91},[64,4654,4570],{"class":99},[64,4656,3841],{"class":70},[64,4658,3844],{"class":140},[64,4660,3847],{"class":70},[64,4662,1191],{"class":140},[64,4664,1737],{"class":95},[816,4666,4668,4669,4671],{"id":4667},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[61,4670,187],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[54,4673,4675],{"className":56,"code":4674,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[61,4676,4677,4703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4678,4679,4681,4683,4685,4687,4689,4691,4693,4695,4697,4700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4680,212],{"class":211},[64,4682,144],{"class":95},[64,4684,3678],{"class":211},[64,4686,382],{"class":95},[64,4688,100],{"class":99},[64,4690,103],{"class":95},[64,4692,106],{"class":99},[64,4694,103],{"class":95},[64,4696,3797],{"class":99},[64,4698,4699],{"class":95},"]))",[64,4701,4702],{"class":222},"       # False\n",[64,4704,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4706,212],{"class":211},[64,4708,144],{"class":95},[64,4710,3678],{"class":211},[64,4712,382],{"class":95},[64,4714,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4716,543],{"class":1422},[64,4718,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4720,103],{"class":95},[64,4722,3256],{"class":1418},[64,4724,1235],{"class":1422},[64,4726,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4728,103],{"class":95},[64,4730,3802],{"class":1418},[64,4732,4699],{"class":95},[64,4734,4735],{"class":222},"  # False\n",[14,4737,4738,4739,137],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[61,4740,3635],{},[816,4742,4744,4745,4747,4748],{"id":4743},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[61,4746,3564],{}," is ",[61,4749,3567],{},[14,4751,4752],{},"This is expected behavior:",[54,4754,4756],{"className":56,"code":4755,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[61,4757,4758],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4759,4760,4762,4764,4766,4769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4761,212],{"class":211},[64,4763,144],{"class":95},[64,4765,3678],{"class":211},[64,4767,4768],{"class":95},"([]))",[64,4770,885],{"class":222},[14,4772,4773,4774,4776],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[61,4775,3567],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4778,4779],{},"Useful quick tests:",[54,4781,4783],{"className":56,"code":4782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[61,4784,4785,4807,4829,4876,4912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4786,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4788,212],{"class":211},[64,4790,144],{"class":95},[64,4792,3678],{"class":211},[64,4794,382],{"class":95},[64,4796,100],{"class":99},[64,4798,103],{"class":95},[64,4800,106],{"class":99},[64,4802,103],{"class":95},[64,4804,743],{"class":99},[64,4806,1769],{"class":95},[64,4808,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817,4819,4821,4823,4825,4827],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4810,212],{"class":211},[64,4812,144],{"class":95},[64,4814,3678],{"class":211},[64,4816,382],{"class":95},[64,4818,100],{"class":99},[64,4820,103],{"class":95},[64,4822,3797],{"class":99},[64,4824,103],{"class":95},[64,4826,743],{"class":99},[64,4828,1769],{"class":95},[64,4830,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4871,4873],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,4832,212],{"class":211},[64,4834,382],{"class":95},[64,4836,3832],{"class":1778},[64,4838,144],{"class":95},[64,4840,2137],{"class":140},[64,4842,219],{"class":95},[64,4844,3841],{"class":70},[64,4846,3844],{"class":140},[64,4848,3847],{"class":70},[64,4850,112],{"class":95},[64,4852,100],{"class":99},[64,4854,103],{"class":95},[64,4856,3797],{"class":99},[64,4858,103],{"class":95},[64,4860,3802],{"class":1418},[64,4862,103],{"class":95},[64,4864,3256],{"class":1418},[64,4866,3809],{"class":1422},[64,4868,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4870,103],{"class":95},[64,4872,3817],{"class":3816},[64,4874,4875],{"class":95},"]])\n",[64,4877,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,4879,212],{"class":211},[64,4881,144],{"class":95},[64,4883,3678],{"class":211},[64,4885,144],{"class":95},[64,4887,2984],{"class":140},[64,4889,4217],{"class":91},[64,4891,3797],{"class":99},[64,4893,3841],{"class":70},[64,4895,3844],{"class":140},[64,4897,3847],{"class":70},[64,4899,112],{"class":95},[64,4901,100],{"class":99},[64,4903,103],{"class":95},[64,4905,106],{"class":99},[64,4907,103],{"class":95},[64,4909,743],{"class":99},[64,4911,1769],{"class":95},[64,4913,4914,4916,4918,4920],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,4915,212],{"class":211},[64,4917,144],{"class":95},[64,4919,3678],{"class":211},[64,4921,4392],{"class":95},[49,4923,4925,4926],{"id":4924},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[61,4927,3541],{},[14,4929,4930,4932],{},[61,4931,3541],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4934,4935],{},"Common use cases:",[21,4937,4938,4941,4944],{},[24,4939,4940],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[24,4942,4943],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[24,4945,4946],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4948,4949],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[54,4951,4953],{"className":56,"code":4952,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[61,4954,4955,4991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,4956,4957,4960,4962,4964,4966,4969,4971,4973,4975,4978,4980,4982,4984,4987,4989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4958,4959],{"class":74},"names ",[64,4961,92],{"class":91},[64,4963,112],{"class":95},[64,4965,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4967,4968],{"class":1422},"Alice",[64,4970,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4972,103],{"class":95},[64,4974,3256],{"class":1418},[64,4976,4977],{"class":1422},"Bob",[64,4979,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4981,103],{"class":95},[64,4983,3256],{"class":1418},[64,4985,4986],{"class":1422},"Charlie",[64,4988,3261],{"class":1418},[64,4990,746],{"class":95},[64,4992,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5004],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,4994,212],{"class":211},[64,4996,144],{"class":95},[64,4998,3678],{"class":211},[64,5000,144],{"class":95},[64,5002,5003],{"class":140},"names",[64,5005,1737],{"class":95},[14,5007,2035],{},[54,5009,5010],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,5011,5012],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5013,5014],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5015,3943],{"class":3816},[14,5017,5018],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[54,5020,5022],{"className":56,"code":5021,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[61,5023,5024,5048],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5025,5026,5029,5031,5033,5036,5038,5041,5043,5046],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5027,5028],{"class":74},"scores ",[64,5030,92],{"class":91},[64,5032,112],{"class":95},[64,5034,5035],{"class":99},"75",[64,5037,103],{"class":95},[64,5039,5040],{"class":99}," 80",[64,5042,103],{"class":95},[64,5044,5045],{"class":99}," 50",[64,5047,746],{"class":95},[64,5049,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5061,5064,5066,5068,5071,5073,5076],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5051,212],{"class":211},[64,5053,144],{"class":95},[64,5055,3678],{"class":211},[64,5057,144],{"class":95},[64,5059,5060],{"class":140},"score ",[64,5062,5063],{"class":91},">=",[64,5065,5045],{"class":99},[64,5067,3841],{"class":70},[64,5069,5070],{"class":140}," score ",[64,5072,3847],{"class":70},[64,5074,5075],{"class":140}," scores",[64,5077,1737],{"class":95},[14,5079,2035],{},[54,5081,5082],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,5083,5084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5085,5086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5087,3943],{"class":3816},[14,5089,5090],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5092,5093,5094,40,5098,137],{},"For related tasks, see ",[543,5095,5097],{"href":5096},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[543,5099,5101],{"href":5100},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[49,5103,1826],{"id":1825},[816,5105,5107,5108,5110],{"id":5106},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[61,5109,3541],{}," return in Python?",[14,5112,5113,5114,5116,5117,5119],{},"It returns ",[61,5115,3567],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[61,5118,3635],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[816,5121,5123,5124,5126,5127,2456],{"id":5122},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[61,5125,3564],{}," return ",[61,5128,3567],{},[14,5130,5131],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[816,5133,5135,5136,5138],{"id":5134},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[61,5137,3541],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5140,5141],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[816,5143,5145,5146,40,5148,2456],{"id":5144},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[61,5147,3541],{},[61,5149,5150],{},"any()",[14,5152,5153,5155,5156,5158,5159,137],{},[61,5154,3541],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[61,5157,5150],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[543,5160,1877,5162,3472],{"href":5161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[61,5163,5150],{},[49,5165,1865],{"id":1864},[21,5167,5168,5174,5178,5183,5188,5193],{},[24,5169,5170],{},[543,5171,1877,5172,3472],{"href":5161},[61,5173,5150],{},[24,5175,5176],{},[543,5177,3770],{"href":3769},[24,5179,5180],{},[543,5181,5182],{"href":5100},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[24,5184,5185],{},[543,5186,5187],{"href":5096},"How to filter a list in Python",[24,5189,5190],{},[543,5191,5192],{"href":4356},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[24,5194,5195],{},[543,5196,5197],{"href":4360},"What is an iterable in Python",[1898,5199,5200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":5202},[5203,5204,5206,5207,5212,5214,5215,5224,5226,5236],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":3638,"depth":78,"text":5205},"What all() does",{"id":3691,"depth":78,"text":3692},{"id":3894,"depth":78,"text":3895,"children":5208},[5209,5210,5211],{"id":3898,"depth":85,"text":3899},{"id":3959,"depth":85,"text":3960},{"id":4023,"depth":85,"text":4024},{"id":4162,"depth":78,"text":5213},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4364,"depth":78,"text":4365},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":5216},[5217,5218,5220,5222],{"id":4486,"depth":85,"text":4487},{"id":4543,"depth":85,"text":5219},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4667,"depth":85,"text":5221},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4743,"depth":85,"text":5223},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4924,"depth":78,"text":5225},"When to use all()",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":5227},[5228,5230,5232,5234],{"id":5106,"depth":85,"text":5229},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5122,"depth":85,"text":5231},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5134,"depth":85,"text":5233},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5144,"depth":85,"text":5235},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3533,"description":5237},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5244,"title":5245,"body":5246,"description":6935,"extension":1927,"meta":6936,"navigation":81,"path":5161,"seo":6937,"stem":6938,"__hash__":6939},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5247,"toc":6913},[5248,5251,5259,5262,5279,5287,5331,5340,5344,5349,5352,5369,5372,5383,5395,5399,5402,5417,5422,5425,5437,5440,5525,5528,5549,5555,5557,5565,5579,5581,5615,5617,5620,5681,5683,5700,5703,5730,5732,5740,5752,5756,5759,5798,5800,5808,5810,5826,5834,5837,5880,5882,5890,5895,5899,5907,5910,5937,5940,5943,6017,6019,6027,6034,6058,6069,6072,6151,6153,6161,6168,6172,6177,6192,6194,6202,6205,6211,6214,6260,6262,6279,6283,6288,6299,6302,6413,6416,6475,6481,6483,6488,6492,6494,6513,6519,6522,6541,6545,6554,6581,6583,6591,6599,6603,6609,6632,6634,6642,6649,6653,6656,6707,6710,6761,6764,6766,6770,6777,6781,6788,6792,6800,6804,6807,6829,6831,6881,6883,6910],[10,5249,5245],{"id":5250},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5252,5253,5255,5256,137],{},[61,5254,5150],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[37,5257,5258],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5260,5261],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[21,5263,5264,5267,5270,5273,5276],{},[24,5265,5266],{},"lists",[24,5268,5269],{},"tuples",[24,5271,5272],{},"sets",[24,5274,5275],{},"strings",[24,5277,5278],{},"generator expressions",[14,5280,5281,5282,2839,5284,5286],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[61,5283,3567],{},[61,5285,3635],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[54,5288,5290],{"className":56,"code":5289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[61,5291,5292,5312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5293,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5295,3786],{"class":74},[64,5297,92],{"class":91},[64,5299,112],{"class":95},[64,5301,187],{"class":99},[64,5303,103],{"class":95},[64,5305,3802],{"class":1418},[64,5307,103],{"class":95},[64,5309,4570],{"class":99},[64,5311,746],{"class":95},[64,5313,5314,5316,5318,5321,5323,5326,5329],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5315,212],{"class":211},[64,5317,144],{"class":95},[64,5319,5320],{"class":211},"any",[64,5322,144],{"class":95},[64,5324,5325],{"class":140},"values",[64,5327,5328],{"class":95},"))",[64,5330,885],{"class":222},[14,5332,256,5333,5336,5337,5339],{},[61,5334,5335],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[61,5338,3567],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[49,5341,5343],{"id":5342},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5345,5346,5348],{},[61,5347,5150],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5350,5351],{},"It returns:",[21,5353,5354,5359,5364],{},[24,5355,5356,5358],{},[61,5357,3567],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[24,5360,5361,5363],{},[61,5362,3635],{}," if all items are falsy",[24,5365,5366,5368],{},[61,5367,3635],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5370,5371],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[21,5373,5374,5377,5380],{},[24,5375,5376],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[24,5378,5379],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[24,5381,5382],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5384,5385,5386,5389,5390,137],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[37,5387,5388],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[543,5391,5393],{"href":5392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[61,5394,3541],{},[49,5396,5398],{"id":5397},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5400,5401],{},"The syntax is simple:",[54,5403,5405],{"className":56,"code":5404,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"any(iterable)\n",[61,5406,5407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5408,5409,5411,5413,5415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5410,5320],{"class":211},[64,5412,144],{"class":95},[64,5414,3683],{"class":140},[64,5416,150],{"class":95},[14,5418,5419,5420,137],{},"The argument must be an ",[37,5421,3683],{},[14,5423,5424],{},"Common inputs include:",[21,5426,5427,5429,5431,5433,5435],{},[24,5428,5266],{},[24,5430,5269],{},[24,5432,5272],{},[24,5434,5275],{},[24,5436,5278],{},[14,5438,5439],{},"For example:",[54,5441,5443],{"className":56,"code":5442,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[61,5444,5445,5468,5487,5507],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5446,5447,5449,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5466],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5448,212],{"class":211},[64,5450,144],{"class":95},[64,5452,5320],{"class":211},[64,5454,382],{"class":95},[64,5456,187],{"class":99},[64,5458,103],{"class":95},[64,5460,3797],{"class":99},[64,5462,103],{"class":95},[64,5464,5465],{"class":99}," 1",[64,5467,1769],{"class":95},[64,5469,5470,5472,5474,5476,5479,5481,5483,5485],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5471,212],{"class":211},[64,5473,144],{"class":95},[64,5475,5320],{"class":211},[64,5477,5478],{"class":95},"((",[64,5480,3635],{"class":3816},[64,5482,103],{"class":95},[64,5484,3870],{"class":3816},[64,5486,2873],{"class":95},[64,5488,5489,5491,5493,5495,5498,5500,5502,5504],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,5490,212],{"class":211},[64,5492,144],{"class":95},[64,5494,5320],{"class":211},[64,5496,5497],{"class":95},"({",[64,5499,187],{"class":99},[64,5501,103],{"class":95},[64,5503,106],{"class":99},[64,5505,5506],{"class":95},"}))\n",[64,5508,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5521,5523],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,5510,212],{"class":211},[64,5512,144],{"class":95},[64,5514,5320],{"class":211},[64,5516,144],{"class":95},[64,5518,1419],{"class":1418},[64,5520,3809],{"class":1422},[64,5522,1419],{"class":1418},[64,5524,1737],{"class":95},[14,5526,5527],{},"Expected output:",[54,5529,5531],{"className":56,"code":5530,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[61,5532,5533,5537,5541,5545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5534,5535],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5536,3943],{"class":3816},[64,5538,5539],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5540,4004],{"class":3816},[64,5542,5543],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,5544,3943],{"class":3816},[64,5546,5547],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,5548,3943],{"class":3816},[14,5550,5551,5552,137],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[543,5553,5101],{"href":5554},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[49,5556,3692],{"id":3691},[14,5558,3695,5559,2839,5562,3700],{},[37,5560,5561],{},"truthy",[37,5563,5564],{},"falsy",[21,5566,5567,5573],{},[24,5568,5569,3708,5571],{},[37,5570,3707],{},[61,5572,3567],{},[24,5574,5575,3708,5577],{},[37,5576,3715],{},[61,5578,3635],{},[14,5580,3720],{},[21,5582,5583,5587,5591,5595,5599,5603,5607,5611],{},[24,5584,5585],{},[61,5586,3635],{},[24,5588,5589],{},[61,5590,187],{},[24,5592,5593],{},[61,5594,3731],{},[24,5596,5597],{},[61,5598,3736],{},[24,5600,5601],{},[61,5602,3750],{},[24,5604,5605],{},[61,5606,3755],{},[24,5608,5609],{},[61,5610,3760],{},[24,5612,5613],{},[61,5614,3741],{},[14,5616,3763],{},[14,5618,5619],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[54,5621,5623],{"className":56,"code":5622,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[61,5624,5625,5639,5657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5626,5627,5629,5631,5633,5635,5637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5628,212],{"class":211},[64,5630,144],{"class":95},[64,5632,5320],{"class":211},[64,5634,382],{"class":95},[64,5636,100],{"class":99},[64,5638,1769],{"class":95},[64,5640,5641,5643,5645,5647,5649,5651,5653,5655],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5642,212],{"class":211},[64,5644,144],{"class":95},[64,5646,5320],{"class":211},[64,5648,382],{"class":95},[64,5650,3261],{"class":1418},[64,5652,3809],{"class":1422},[64,5654,3261],{"class":1418},[64,5656,1769],{"class":95},[64,5658,5659,5661,5663,5665,5668,5670,5672,5674,5676,5678],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,5660,212],{"class":211},[64,5662,144],{"class":95},[64,5664,5320],{"class":211},[64,5666,5667],{"class":95},"([[",[64,5669,100],{"class":99},[64,5671,103],{"class":95},[64,5673,106],{"class":99},[64,5675,103],{"class":95},[64,5677,743],{"class":99},[64,5679,5680],{"class":95},"]]))\n",[14,5682,5527],{},[54,5684,5686],{"className":56,"code":5685,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[61,5687,5688,5692,5696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5689,5690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5691,3943],{"class":3816},[64,5693,5694],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5695,3943],{"class":3816},[64,5697,5698],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,5699,3943],{"class":3816},[14,5701,5702],{},"And these are all falsy:",[54,5704,5706],{"className":56,"code":5705,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[61,5707,5708],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5709,5710,5712,5714,5716,5718,5720,5722,5724,5726,5728],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5711,212],{"class":211},[64,5713,144],{"class":95},[64,5715,5320],{"class":211},[64,5717,382],{"class":95},[64,5719,187],{"class":99},[64,5721,103],{"class":95},[64,5723,3802],{"class":1418},[64,5725,103],{"class":95},[64,5727,3817],{"class":3816},[64,5729,1769],{"class":95},[14,5731,5527],{},[54,5733,5734],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,5735,5736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5737,5738],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5739,4004],{"class":3816},[14,5741,5742,5743,40,5746,137],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[543,5744,3770],{"href":5745},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[543,5747,5749,5751],{"href":5748},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[61,5750,3776],{}," explained",[49,5753,5755],{"id":5754},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5757,5758],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[54,5760,5762],{"className":56,"code":5761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[61,5763,5764,5784],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5765,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776,5778,5780,5782],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5767,3786],{"class":74},[64,5769,92],{"class":91},[64,5771,112],{"class":95},[64,5773,187],{"class":99},[64,5775,103],{"class":95},[64,5777,3802],{"class":1418},[64,5779,103],{"class":95},[64,5781,4570],{"class":99},[64,5783,746],{"class":95},[64,5785,5786,5788,5790,5792,5794,5796],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5787,212],{"class":211},[64,5789,144],{"class":95},[64,5791,5320],{"class":211},[64,5793,144],{"class":95},[64,5795,5325],{"class":140},[64,5797,1737],{"class":95},[14,5799,2035],{},[54,5801,5802],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,5803,5804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5805,5806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5807,3943],{"class":3816},[14,5809,4405],{},[21,5811,5812,5817,5821],{},[24,5813,5814,5816],{},[61,5815,187],{}," is falsy",[24,5818,5819,5816],{},[61,5820,3736],{},[24,5822,5823,5825],{},[61,5824,385],{}," is truthy",[14,5827,5828,5829,2361,5832,137],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[61,5830,5831],{},"any(values)",[61,5833,3567],{},[14,5835,5836],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[54,5838,5840],{"className":56,"code":5839,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[61,5841,5842,5866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5843,5844,5846,5848,5850,5852,5854,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5845,3786],{"class":74},[64,5847,92],{"class":91},[64,5849,112],{"class":95},[64,5851,187],{"class":99},[64,5853,103],{"class":95},[64,5855,3802],{"class":1418},[64,5857,103],{"class":95},[64,5859,3817],{"class":3816},[64,5861,103],{"class":95},[64,5863,3870],{"class":3816},[64,5865,746],{"class":95},[64,5867,5868,5870,5872,5874,5876,5878],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5869,212],{"class":211},[64,5871,144],{"class":95},[64,5873,5320],{"class":211},[64,5875,144],{"class":95},[64,5877,5325],{"class":140},[64,5879,1737],{"class":95},[14,5881,2035],{},[54,5883,5884],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,5885,5886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5887,5888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5889,4004],{"class":3816},[14,5891,5892,5893,137],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[61,5894,3635],{},[49,5896,5898],{"id":5897},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5900,5901,5903,5904,137],{},[61,5902,5150],{}," is often used with a ",[37,5905,5906],{},"generator expression",[14,5908,5909],{},"This is a common pattern:",[54,5911,5913],{"className":56,"code":5912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[61,5914,5915],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5916,5917,5919,5921,5924,5927,5930,5932,5935],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5918,5320],{"class":211},[64,5920,144],{"class":95},[64,5922,5923],{"class":140},"condition ",[64,5925,5926],{"class":70},"for",[64,5928,5929],{"class":140}," item ",[64,5931,3847],{"class":70},[64,5933,5934],{"class":140}," items",[64,5936,150],{"class":95},[14,5938,5939],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5941,5942],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[54,5944,5946],{"className":56,"code":5945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[61,5947,5948,5976,5980,6007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,5949,5950,5952,5954,5956,5958,5960,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971,5974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5951,1161],{"class":74},[64,5953,92],{"class":91},[64,5955,112],{"class":95},[64,5957,772],{"class":99},[64,5959,103],{"class":95},[64,5961,5962],{"class":99}," 7",[64,5964,103],{"class":95},[64,5966,2186],{"class":91},[64,5968,2021],{"class":99},[64,5970,103],{"class":95},[64,5972,5973],{"class":99}," 10",[64,5975,746],{"class":95},[64,5977,5978],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,5979,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,5981,5982,5984,5986,5989,5991,5993,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,5983,2194],{"class":74},[64,5985,92],{"class":91},[64,5987,5988],{"class":211}," any",[64,5990,144],{"class":95},[64,5992,2984],{"class":140},[64,5994,3250],{"class":91},[64,5996,3797],{"class":99},[64,5998,3841],{"class":70},[64,6000,3844],{"class":140},[64,6002,3847],{"class":70},[64,6004,1191],{"class":140},[64,6006,150],{"class":95},[64,6008,6009,6011,6013,6015],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,6010,212],{"class":211},[64,6012,144],{"class":95},[64,6014,2229],{"class":140},[64,6016,150],{"class":95},[14,6018,2035],{},[54,6020,6021],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,6022,6023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6024,6025],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6026,3943],{"class":3816},[14,6028,6029,6030,6033],{},"This works because ",[61,6031,6032],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[21,6035,6036,6044,6051],{},[24,6037,6038,6041,6042],{},[61,6039,6040],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[61,6043,3635],{},[24,6045,6046,6041,6049],{},[61,6047,6048],{},"7 \u003C 0",[61,6050,3635],{},[24,6052,6053,6041,6056],{},[61,6054,6055],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[61,6057,3567],{},[14,6059,6060,6061,6063,6064,6066,6067,137],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[61,6062,3567],{}," result, ",[61,6065,5150],{}," can return ",[61,6068,3567],{},[14,6070,6071],{},"Here is another example:",[54,6073,6075],{"className":56,"code":6074,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[61,6076,6077,6106,6110,6140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6078,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091,6093,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6080,4034],{"class":74},[64,6082,92],{"class":91},[64,6084,112],{"class":95},[64,6086,1419],{"class":1418},[64,6088,4043],{"class":1422},[64,6090,1419],{"class":1418},[64,6092,103],{"class":95},[64,6094,6095],{"class":1418}," \"\"",[64,6097,103],{"class":95},[64,6099,3315],{"class":1418},[64,6101,4052],{"class":1422},[64,6103,1419],{"class":1418},[64,6105,746],{"class":95},[64,6107,6108],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6109,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,6111,6112,6115,6117,6119,6121,6124,6126,6128,6130,6133,6135,6138],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,6113,6114],{"class":74},"has_empty_string ",[64,6116,92],{"class":91},[64,6118,5988],{"class":211},[64,6120,144],{"class":95},[64,6122,6123],{"class":140},"word ",[64,6125,1707],{"class":91},[64,6127,6095],{"class":1418},[64,6129,3841],{"class":70},[64,6131,6132],{"class":140}," word ",[64,6134,3847],{"class":70},[64,6136,6137],{"class":140}," words",[64,6139,150],{"class":95},[64,6141,6142,6144,6146,6149],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,6143,212],{"class":211},[64,6145,144],{"class":95},[64,6147,6148],{"class":140},"has_empty_string",[64,6150,150],{"class":95},[14,6152,2035],{},[54,6154,6155],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,6156,6157],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6158,6159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6160,3943],{"class":3816},[14,6162,6163,6164,137],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[543,6165,6167],{"href":6166},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[49,6169,6171],{"id":6170},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6173,6174,6175,1117],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[61,6176,3635],{},[54,6178,6180],{"className":56,"code":6179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([]))\n",[61,6181,6182],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6183,6184,6186,6188,6190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6185,212],{"class":211},[64,6187,144],{"class":95},[64,6189,5320],{"class":211},[64,6191,4392],{"class":95},[14,6193,2035],{},[54,6195,6196],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,6197,6198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6199,6200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6201,4004],{"class":3816},[14,6203,6204],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6206,6207,6208,6210],{},"The reason is simple: ",[61,6209,5150],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6212,6213],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[54,6215,6217],{"className":56,"code":6216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[61,6218,6219,6229,6244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6220,6221,6223,6225,6227],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6222,212],{"class":211},[64,6224,144],{"class":95},[64,6226,5320],{"class":211},[64,6228,4450],{"class":95},[64,6230,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239,6242],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6232,212],{"class":211},[64,6234,144],{"class":95},[64,6236,5320],{"class":211},[64,6238,144],{"class":95},[64,6240,6241],{"class":1418},"\"\"",[64,6243,1737],{"class":95},[64,6245,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6257],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,6247,212],{"class":211},[64,6249,144],{"class":95},[64,6251,5320],{"class":211},[64,6253,144],{"class":95},[64,6255,6256],{"class":1778},"set",[64,6258,6259],{"class":95},"()))\n",[14,6261,2035],{},[54,6263,6265],{"className":56,"code":6264,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[61,6266,6267,6271,6275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6268,6269],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6270,4004],{"class":3816},[64,6272,6273],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6274,4004],{"class":3816},[64,6276,6277],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,6278,4004],{"class":3816},[49,6280,6282],{"id":6281},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6284,256,6285,6287],{},[61,6286,5150],{}," when you want to:",[21,6289,6290,6293,6296],{},[24,6291,6292],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[24,6294,6295],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[24,6297,6298],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6300,6301],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[54,6303,6305],{"className":56,"code":6304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[61,6306,6307,6332,6336,6346,6350,6364,6383,6393,6398,6402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6308,6309,6311,6313,6315,6317,6319,6321,6323,6325,6327,6330],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6310,1161],{"class":74},[64,6312,92],{"class":91},[64,6314,112],{"class":95},[64,6316,100],{"class":99},[64,6318,103],{"class":95},[64,6320,743],{"class":99},[64,6322,103],{"class":95},[64,6324,4570],{"class":99},[64,6326,103],{"class":95},[64,6328,6329],{"class":99}," 8",[64,6331,746],{"class":95},[64,6333,6334],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6335,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,6337,6338,6341,6343],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,6339,6340],{"class":74},"found_even ",[64,6342,92],{"class":91},[64,6344,6345],{"class":3816}," False\n",[64,6347,6348],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,6349,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,6351,6352,6354,6357,6359,6361],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,6353,5926],{"class":70},[64,6355,6356],{"class":74}," number ",[64,6358,3847],{"class":70},[64,6360,1191],{"class":74},[64,6362,6363],{"class":95},":\n",[64,6365,6366,6369,6371,6374,6376,6379,6381],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,6367,6368],{"class":70},"    if",[64,6370,6356],{"class":74},[64,6372,6373],{"class":91},"%",[64,6375,106],{"class":99},[64,6377,6378],{"class":91}," ==",[64,6380,3797],{"class":99},[64,6382,6363],{"class":95},[64,6384,6385,6388,6390],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,6386,6387],{"class":74},"        found_even ",[64,6389,92],{"class":91},[64,6391,6392],{"class":3816}," True\n",[64,6394,6395],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,6396,6397],{"class":70},"        break\n",[64,6399,6400],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,6401,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,6403,6404,6406,6408,6411],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,6405,212],{"class":211},[64,6407,144],{"class":95},[64,6409,6410],{"class":140},"found_even",[64,6412,150],{"class":95},[14,6414,6415],{},"You can write:",[54,6417,6419],{"className":56,"code":6418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[61,6420,6421,6445],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6422,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6424,1161],{"class":74},[64,6426,92],{"class":91},[64,6428,112],{"class":95},[64,6430,100],{"class":99},[64,6432,103],{"class":95},[64,6434,743],{"class":99},[64,6436,103],{"class":95},[64,6438,4570],{"class":99},[64,6440,103],{"class":95},[64,6442,6329],{"class":99},[64,6444,746],{"class":95},[64,6446,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6459,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6448,212],{"class":211},[64,6450,144],{"class":95},[64,6452,5320],{"class":211},[64,6454,144],{"class":95},[64,6456,2181],{"class":140},[64,6458,6373],{"class":91},[64,6460,106],{"class":99},[64,6462,6378],{"class":91},[64,6464,3797],{"class":99},[64,6466,3841],{"class":70},[64,6468,6356],{"class":140},[64,6470,3847],{"class":70},[64,6472,1191],{"class":140},[64,6474,1737],{"class":95},[14,6476,6477,6478,6480],{},"Both work, but ",[61,6479,5150],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[49,6482,4483],{"id":4482},[14,6484,6485,6486,137],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[61,6487,5150],{},[816,6489,6491],{"id":6490},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6493,4490],{},[54,6495,6497],{"className":56,"code":6496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any(5))\n",[61,6498,6499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6500,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6502,212],{"class":211},[64,6504,144],{"class":95},[64,6506,5320],{"class":211},[64,6508,144],{"class":95},[64,6510,385],{"class":99},[64,6512,1737],{"class":95},[14,6514,6515,6516,6518],{},"It causes an error because ",[61,6517,385],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6520,6521],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[54,6523,6525],{"className":56,"code":6524,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([5]))\n",[61,6526,6527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6528,6529,6531,6533,6535,6537,6539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6530,212],{"class":211},[64,6532,144],{"class":95},[64,6534,5320],{"class":211},[64,6536,382],{"class":95},[64,6538,385],{"class":99},[64,6540,1769],{"class":95},[816,6542,6544],{"id":6543},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6546,6547,6549,6550,6553],{},[61,6548,5150],{}," needs only ",[37,6551,6552],{},"one"," truthy item.",[54,6555,6557],{"className":56,"code":6556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[61,6558,6559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6560,6561,6563,6565,6567,6569,6571,6573,6575,6577,6579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6562,212],{"class":211},[64,6564,144],{"class":95},[64,6566,5320],{"class":211},[64,6568,382],{"class":95},[64,6570,3635],{"class":3816},[64,6572,103],{"class":95},[64,6574,3870],{"class":3816},[64,6576,103],{"class":95},[64,6578,3879],{"class":3816},[64,6580,1769],{"class":95},[14,6582,2035],{},[54,6584,6585],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,6586,6587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6588,6589],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6590,3943],{"class":3816},[14,6592,6593,6594,6598],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[543,6595,6596],{"href":5392},[61,6597,3541],{}," instead.",[816,6600,6602],{"id":6601},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6604,6605,6606,137],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[61,6607,6608],{},"\"True\"",[54,6610,6612],{"className":56,"code":6611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[61,6613,6614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6615,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6617,212],{"class":211},[64,6619,144],{"class":95},[64,6621,5320],{"class":211},[64,6623,382],{"class":95},[64,6625,1419],{"class":1418},[64,6627,3635],{"class":1422},[64,6629,1419],{"class":1418},[64,6631,1769],{"class":95},[14,6633,2035],{},[54,6635,6636],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,6637,6638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6639,6640],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6641,3943],{"class":3816},[14,6643,6644,6645,6648],{},"That is because ",[61,6646,6647],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[816,6650,6652],{"id":6651},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6654,6655],{},"This works:",[54,6657,6659],{"className":56,"code":6658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[61,6660,6661,6681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6662,6663,6665,6667,6669,6671,6673,6675,6677,6679],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6664,1161],{"class":74},[64,6666,92],{"class":91},[64,6668,112],{"class":95},[64,6670,100],{"class":99},[64,6672,103],{"class":95},[64,6674,106],{"class":99},[64,6676,103],{"class":95},[64,6678,743],{"class":99},[64,6680,746],{"class":95},[64,6682,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697,6699,6701,6703,6705],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6684,212],{"class":211},[64,6686,144],{"class":95},[64,6688,5320],{"class":211},[64,6690,382],{"class":95},[64,6692,2984],{"class":140},[64,6694,4217],{"class":91},[64,6696,106],{"class":99},[64,6698,3841],{"class":70},[64,6700,3844],{"class":140},[64,6702,3847],{"class":70},[64,6704,1191],{"class":140},[64,6706,1769],{"class":95},[14,6708,6709],{},"But this is usually better:",[54,6711,6713],{"className":56,"code":6712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[61,6714,6715,6735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6716,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6731,6733],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6718,1161],{"class":74},[64,6720,92],{"class":91},[64,6722,112],{"class":95},[64,6724,100],{"class":99},[64,6726,103],{"class":95},[64,6728,106],{"class":99},[64,6730,103],{"class":95},[64,6732,743],{"class":99},[64,6734,746],{"class":95},[64,6736,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6738,212],{"class":211},[64,6740,144],{"class":95},[64,6742,5320],{"class":211},[64,6744,144],{"class":95},[64,6746,2984],{"class":140},[64,6748,4217],{"class":91},[64,6750,106],{"class":99},[64,6752,3841],{"class":70},[64,6754,3844],{"class":140},[64,6756,3847],{"class":70},[64,6758,1191],{"class":140},[64,6760,1737],{"class":95},[14,6762,6763],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[49,6765,1826],{"id":1825},[816,6767,6769],{"id":6768},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6771,5113,6772,6774,6775,137],{},[61,6773,3567],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[61,6776,3635],{},[816,6778,6780],{"id":6779},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6782,6783,2361,6785,6787],{},[61,6784,5150],{},[61,6786,3635],{}," for an empty iterable.",[816,6789,6791],{"id":6790},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6793,6794,6796,6797,6799],{},[61,6795,5150],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[61,6798,3541],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[816,6801,6803],{"id":6802},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6805,6806],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[54,6808,6809],{"className":56,"code":5912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,6810,6811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6812,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6814,5320],{"class":211},[64,6816,144],{"class":95},[64,6818,5923],{"class":140},[64,6820,5926],{"class":70},[64,6822,5929],{"class":140},[64,6824,3847],{"class":70},[64,6826,5934],{"class":140},[64,6828,150],{"class":95},[14,6830,5439],{},[54,6832,6833],{"className":56,"code":6712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,6834,6835,6855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6836,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6838,1161],{"class":74},[64,6840,92],{"class":91},[64,6842,112],{"class":95},[64,6844,100],{"class":99},[64,6846,103],{"class":95},[64,6848,106],{"class":99},[64,6850,103],{"class":95},[64,6852,743],{"class":99},[64,6854,746],{"class":95},[64,6856,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6858,212],{"class":211},[64,6860,144],{"class":95},[64,6862,5320],{"class":211},[64,6864,144],{"class":95},[64,6866,2984],{"class":140},[64,6868,4217],{"class":91},[64,6870,106],{"class":99},[64,6872,3841],{"class":70},[64,6874,3844],{"class":140},[64,6876,3847],{"class":70},[64,6878,1191],{"class":140},[64,6880,1737],{"class":95},[49,6882,1865],{"id":1864},[21,6884,6885,6891,6895,6899,6904],{},[24,6886,6887],{},[543,6888,6889,3472],{"href":5392},[61,6890,3541],{},[24,6892,6893],{},[543,6894,3770],{"href":5745},[24,6896,6897],{},[543,6898,5182],{"href":5554},[24,6900,6901],{},[543,6902,6903],{"href":6166},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[24,6905,6906],{},[543,6907,6908,3472],{"href":5748},[61,6909,3776],{},[1898,6911,6912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":6914},[6915,6916,6917,6918,6919,6920,6921,6922,6928,6934],{"id":5342,"depth":78,"text":5343},{"id":5397,"depth":78,"text":5398},{"id":3691,"depth":78,"text":3692},{"id":5754,"depth":78,"text":5755},{"id":5897,"depth":78,"text":5898},{"id":6170,"depth":78,"text":6171},{"id":6281,"depth":78,"text":6282},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":6923},[6924,6925,6926,6927],{"id":6490,"depth":85,"text":6491},{"id":6543,"depth":85,"text":6544},{"id":6601,"depth":85,"text":6602},{"id":6651,"depth":85,"text":6652},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":6929},[6930,6931,6932,6933],{"id":6768,"depth":85,"text":6769},{"id":6779,"depth":85,"text":6780},{"id":6790,"depth":85,"text":6791},{"id":6802,"depth":85,"text":6803},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5245,"description":6935},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6941,"title":6942,"body":6943,"description":9075,"extension":1927,"meta":9076,"navigation":81,"path":9077,"seo":9078,"stem":9079,"__hash__":9080},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6944,"toc":9038},[6945,6948,6957,6967,6969,7066,7068,7097,7113,7117,7122,7125,7135,7141,7147,7163,7165,7173,7180,7184,7187,7202,7207,7225,7230,7232,7280,7282,7299,7303,7309,7312,7347,7349,7455,7457,7494,7498,7506,7508,7528,7530,7651,7653,7682,7685,7708,7710,7718,7726,7730,7736,7740,7782,7784,7792,7795,7823,7825,7833,7837,7866,7868,7876,7908,7910,7918,7922,7973,7975,7983,7991,7995,7998,8051,8053,8073,8080,8084,8090,8093,8101,8123,8125,8133,8141,8164,8166,8174,8179,8184,8196,8198,8239,8250,8254,8263,8266,8269,8328,8331,8383,8386,8391,8407,8413,8415,8420,8429,8432,8454,8456,8464,8469,8472,8507,8509,8517,8521,8526,8564,8576,8579,8633,8641,8645,8648,8670,8679,8682,8723,8725,8748,8754,8760,8775,8777,8797,8800,8819,8821,8840,8844,8850,8929,8932,8946,8953,8955,8959,8966,8970,8974,8978,8983,8987,8992,8996,9003,9005,9035],[10,6946,6942],{"id":6947},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6949,1944,6950,6952,6953,2839,6955,137],{},[61,6951,3776],{}," function converts a value to either ",[61,6954,3567],{},[61,6956,3635],{},[14,6958,6959,6960,6962,6963,6966],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[61,6961,3776],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[61,6964,6965],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[49,6968,3572],{"id":3571},[54,6970,6972],{"className":56,"code":6971,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[61,6973,6974,6988,7002,7016,7034,7044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,6975,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6977,212],{"class":211},[64,6979,144],{"class":95},[64,6981,3832],{"class":1778},[64,6983,144],{"class":95},[64,6985,187],{"class":99},[64,6987,1737],{"class":95},[64,6989,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,6991,212],{"class":211},[64,6993,144],{"class":95},[64,6995,3832],{"class":1778},[64,6997,144],{"class":95},[64,6999,100],{"class":99},[64,7001,1737],{"class":95},[64,7003,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7005,212],{"class":211},[64,7007,144],{"class":95},[64,7009,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7011,144],{"class":95},[64,7013,6241],{"class":1418},[64,7015,1737],{"class":95},[64,7017,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,7019,212],{"class":211},[64,7021,144],{"class":95},[64,7023,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7025,144],{"class":95},[64,7027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7029,3809],{"class":1422},[64,7031,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7033,1737],{"class":95},[64,7035,7036,7038,7040,7042],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,7037,212],{"class":211},[64,7039,144],{"class":95},[64,7041,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7043,4392],{"class":95},[64,7045,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058,7060,7062,7064],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,7047,212],{"class":211},[64,7049,144],{"class":95},[64,7051,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7053,382],{"class":95},[64,7055,100],{"class":99},[64,7057,103],{"class":95},[64,7059,106],{"class":99},[64,7061,103],{"class":95},[64,7063,743],{"class":99},[64,7065,1769],{"class":95},[14,7067,5527],{},[54,7069,7071],{"className":56,"code":7070,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[61,7072,7073,7077,7081,7085,7089,7093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7074,7075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7076,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7078,7079],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7080,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7082,7083],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7084,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7086,7087],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,7088,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7090,7091],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,7092,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7094,7095],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,7096,3943],{"class":3816},[14,7098,256,7099,7102,7103,2839,7105,7107,7108,7110,7111,137],{},[61,7100,7101],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[61,7104,3567],{},[61,7106,3635],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[61,7109,3635],{},". Most other values become ",[61,7112,3567],{},[49,7114,7116],{"id":7115},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7118,7119,7121],{},[61,7120,3776],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7123,7124],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[21,7126,7127,7131],{},[24,7128,7129],{},[61,7130,3567],{},[24,7132,7133],{},[61,7134,3635],{},[14,7136,7137,7138,7140],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[61,7139,6965],{}," statements.",[14,7142,7143,7144,7146],{},"You can also call ",[61,7145,3776],{}," with no argument:",[54,7148,7150],{"className":56,"code":7149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool())\n",[61,7151,7152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7153,7154,7156,7158,7160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7155,212],{"class":211},[64,7157,144],{"class":95},[64,7159,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7161,7162],{"class":95},"())\n",[14,7164,2035],{},[54,7166,7167],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,7168,7169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7170,7171],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7172,4004],{"class":3816},[14,7174,7175,7176,137],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[543,7177,7179],{"href":7178},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[49,7181,7183],{"id":7182},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7185,7186],{},"The basic syntax is:",[54,7188,7190],{"className":56,"code":7189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bool(value)\n",[61,7191,7192],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7193,7194,7196,7198,7200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7195,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7197,144],{"class":95},[64,7199,2436],{"class":140},[64,7201,150],{"class":95},[14,7203,1944,7204,7206],{},[61,7205,2436],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[21,7208,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7220,7222],{},[24,7210,3611],{},[24,7212,5275],{},[24,7214,5266],{},[24,7216,5269],{},[24,7218,7219],{},"dictionaries",[24,7221,5272],{},[24,7223,7224],{},"other objects",[14,7226,7227,7228,137],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[61,7229,3635],{},[14,7231,318],{},[54,7233,7235],{"className":56,"code":7234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[61,7236,7237,7251,7270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7238,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7240,212],{"class":211},[64,7242,144],{"class":95},[64,7244,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7246,144],{"class":95},[64,7248,1432],{"class":99},[64,7250,1737],{"class":95},[64,7252,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7266,7268],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7254,212],{"class":211},[64,7256,144],{"class":95},[64,7258,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7260,144],{"class":95},[64,7262,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7264,7265],{"class":1422},"Python",[64,7267,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7269,1737],{"class":95},[64,7271,7272,7274,7276,7278],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7273,212],{"class":211},[64,7275,144],{"class":95},[64,7277,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7279,7162],{"class":95},[14,7281,2035],{},[54,7283,7285],{"className":56,"code":7284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[61,7286,7287,7291,7295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7288,7289],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7290,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7292,7293],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7294,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7296,7297],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7298,4004],{"class":3816},[49,7300,7302],{"id":7301},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7304,7305,7306,7308],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[37,7307,5564],{}," values.",[14,7310,7311],{},"Common examples:",[21,7313,7314,7318,7322,7326,7330,7335,7339,7343],{},[24,7315,7316],{},[61,7317,187],{},[24,7319,7320],{},[61,7321,3731],{},[24,7323,7324],{},[61,7325,6241],{},[24,7327,7328],{},[61,7329,3750],{},[24,7331,7332],{},[61,7333,7334],{},"()",[24,7336,7337],{},[61,7338,3755],{},[24,7340,7341],{},[61,7342,3760],{},[24,7344,7345],{},[61,7346,3741],{},[14,7348,318],{},[54,7350,7352],{"className":56,"code":7351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[61,7353,7354,7368,7382,7396,7406,7416,7427,7441],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7355,7356,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7357,212],{"class":211},[64,7359,144],{"class":95},[64,7361,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7363,144],{"class":95},[64,7365,187],{"class":99},[64,7367,1737],{"class":95},[64,7369,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7371,212],{"class":211},[64,7373,144],{"class":95},[64,7375,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7377,144],{"class":95},[64,7379,3731],{"class":99},[64,7381,1737],{"class":95},[64,7383,7384,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7385,212],{"class":211},[64,7387,144],{"class":95},[64,7389,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7391,144],{"class":95},[64,7393,6241],{"class":1418},[64,7395,1737],{"class":95},[64,7397,7398,7400,7402,7404],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,7399,212],{"class":211},[64,7401,144],{"class":95},[64,7403,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7405,4392],{"class":95},[64,7407,7408,7410,7412,7414],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,7409,212],{"class":211},[64,7411,144],{"class":95},[64,7413,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7415,4450],{"class":95},[64,7417,7418,7420,7422,7424],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,7419,212],{"class":211},[64,7421,144],{"class":95},[64,7423,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7425,7426],{"class":95},"({}))\n",[64,7428,7429,7431,7433,7435,7437,7439],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,7430,212],{"class":211},[64,7432,144],{"class":95},[64,7434,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7436,144],{"class":95},[64,7438,6256],{"class":1778},[64,7440,6259],{"class":95},[64,7442,7443,7445,7447,7449,7451,7453],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,7444,212],{"class":211},[64,7446,144],{"class":95},[64,7448,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7450,144],{"class":95},[64,7452,3741],{"class":3816},[64,7454,1737],{"class":95},[14,7456,2035],{},[54,7458,7460],{"className":56,"code":7459,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[61,7461,7462,7466,7470,7474,7478,7482,7486,7490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7463,7464],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7465,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7467,7468],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7469,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7471,7472],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7473,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7475,7476],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,7477,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7479,7480],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,7481,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7483,7484],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,7485,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7487,7488],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,7489,4004],{"class":3816},[64,7491,7492],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,7493,4004],{"class":3816},[49,7495,7497],{"id":7496},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7499,7500,7501,7503,7504,7308],{},"Many values become ",[61,7502,3567],{},". These are often called ",[37,7505,5561],{},[14,7507,7311],{},[21,7509,7510,7513,7516,7519,7522,7525],{},[24,7511,7512],{},"non-zero numbers",[24,7514,7515],{},"non-empty strings",[24,7517,7518],{},"non-empty lists",[24,7520,7521],{},"non-empty tuples",[24,7523,7524],{},"non-empty sets",[24,7526,7527],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7529,318],{},[54,7531,7533],{"className":56,"code":7532,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[61,7534,7535,7549,7565,7583,7605,7623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7536,7537,7539,7541,7543,7545,7547],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7538,212],{"class":211},[64,7540,144],{"class":95},[64,7542,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7544,144],{"class":95},[64,7546,385],{"class":99},[64,7548,1737],{"class":95},[64,7550,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559,7561,7563],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7552,212],{"class":211},[64,7554,144],{"class":95},[64,7556,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7558,144],{"class":95},[64,7560,1986],{"class":91},[64,7562,2021],{"class":99},[64,7564,1737],{"class":95},[64,7566,7567,7569,7571,7573,7575,7577,7579,7581],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7568,212],{"class":211},[64,7570,144],{"class":95},[64,7572,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7574,144],{"class":95},[64,7576,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7578,3809],{"class":1422},[64,7580,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7582,1737],{"class":95},[64,7584,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,7586,212],{"class":211},[64,7588,144],{"class":95},[64,7590,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7592,382],{"class":95},[64,7594,100],{"class":99},[64,7596,103],{"class":95},[64,7598,106],{"class":99},[64,7600,103],{"class":95},[64,7602,743],{"class":99},[64,7604,1769],{"class":95},[64,7606,7607,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619,7621],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,7608,212],{"class":211},[64,7610,144],{"class":95},[64,7612,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7614,5478],{"class":95},[64,7616,100],{"class":99},[64,7618,103],{"class":95},[64,7620,106],{"class":99},[64,7622,2873],{"class":95},[64,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635,7638,7640,7642,7644,7647,7649],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,7626,212],{"class":211},[64,7628,144],{"class":95},[64,7630,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7632,5497],{"class":95},[64,7634,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7636,7637],{"class":1422},"name",[64,7639,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7641,1117],{"class":95},[64,7643,3315],{"class":1418},[64,7645,7646],{"class":1422},"Sam",[64,7648,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7650,5506],{"class":95},[14,7652,2035],{},[54,7654,7656],{"className":56,"code":7655,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[61,7657,7658,7662,7666,7670,7674,7678],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7659,7660],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7661,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7663,7664],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7665,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7667,7668],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7669,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7671,7672],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,7673,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7675,7676],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,7677,3943],{"class":3816},[64,7679,7680],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,7681,3943],{"class":3816},[14,7683,7684],{},"One important example is this:",[54,7686,7688],{"className":56,"code":7687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[61,7689,7690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7691,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7693,212],{"class":211},[64,7695,144],{"class":95},[64,7697,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7699,144],{"class":95},[64,7701,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7703,3635],{"class":1422},[64,7705,1419],{"class":1418},[64,7707,1737],{"class":95},[14,7709,2035],{},[54,7711,7712],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,7713,7714],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7715,7716],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7717,3943],{"class":3816},[14,7719,7720,7721,7723,7724,137],{},"Even though the text says ",[61,7722,6647],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[61,7725,3567],{},[49,7727,7729],{"id":7728},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7731,7732,7733,7735],{},"You can use ",[61,7734,3776],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[816,7737,7739],{"id":7738},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[54,7741,7743],{"className":56,"code":7742,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[61,7744,7745,7767],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7746,7747,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762,7765],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7748,7749],{"class":74},"items ",[64,7751,92],{"class":91},[64,7753,112],{"class":95},[64,7755,1432],{"class":99},[64,7757,103],{"class":95},[64,7759,1437],{"class":99},[64,7761,103],{"class":95},[64,7763,7764],{"class":99}," 30",[64,7766,746],{"class":95},[64,7768,7769,7771,7773,7775,7777,7780],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7770,212],{"class":211},[64,7772,144],{"class":95},[64,7774,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7776,144],{"class":95},[64,7778,7779],{"class":140},"items",[64,7781,1737],{"class":95},[14,7783,2035],{},[54,7785,7786],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,7787,7788],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7789,7790],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7791,3943],{"class":3816},[14,7793,7794],{},"With an empty list:",[54,7796,7798],{"className":56,"code":7797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[61,7799,7800,7809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7801,7802,7804,7806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7803,7749],{"class":74},[64,7805,92],{"class":91},[64,7807,7808],{"class":95}," []\n",[64,7810,7811,7813,7815,7817,7819,7821],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7812,212],{"class":211},[64,7814,144],{"class":95},[64,7816,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7818,144],{"class":95},[64,7820,7779],{"class":140},[64,7822,1737],{"class":95},[14,7824,2035],{},[54,7826,7827],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,7828,7829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7830,7831],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7832,4004],{"class":3816},[816,7834,7836],{"id":7835},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[54,7838,7840],{"className":56,"code":7839,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[61,7841,7842,7852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7843,7844,7847,7849],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7845,7846],{"class":74},"name ",[64,7848,92],{"class":91},[64,7850,7851],{"class":1418}," \"\"\n",[64,7853,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7855,212],{"class":211},[64,7857,144],{"class":95},[64,7859,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7861,144],{"class":95},[64,7863,7637],{"class":140},[64,7865,1737],{"class":95},[14,7867,2035],{},[54,7869,7870],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,7871,7872],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7873,7874],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7875,4004],{"class":3816},[54,7877,7879],{"className":56,"code":7878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[61,7880,7881,7894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7882,7883,7885,7887,7889,7892],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7884,7846],{"class":74},[64,7886,92],{"class":91},[64,7888,3315],{"class":1418},[64,7890,7891],{"class":1422},"Mia",[64,7893,3321],{"class":1418},[64,7895,7896,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7897,212],{"class":211},[64,7899,144],{"class":95},[64,7901,3832],{"class":1778},[64,7903,144],{"class":95},[64,7905,7637],{"class":140},[64,7907,1737],{"class":95},[14,7909,2035],{},[54,7911,7912],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,7913,7914],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7915,7916],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7917,3943],{"class":3816},[816,7919,7921],{"id":7920},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[54,7923,7925],{"className":56,"code":7924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[61,7926,7927,7941,7958,7962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7928,7929,7932,7934,7936,7939],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7930,7931],{"class":74},"username ",[64,7933,92],{"class":91},[64,7935,3315],{"class":1418},[64,7937,7938],{"class":1422},"alex",[64,7940,3321],{"class":1418},[64,7942,7943,7946,7948,7951,7953,7956],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,7944,7945],{"class":74},"has_name ",[64,7947,92],{"class":91},[64,7949,7950],{"class":1778}," bool",[64,7952,144],{"class":95},[64,7954,7955],{"class":140},"username",[64,7957,150],{"class":95},[64,7959,7960],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,7961,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,7963,7964,7966,7968,7971],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,7965,212],{"class":211},[64,7967,144],{"class":95},[64,7969,7970],{"class":140},"has_name",[64,7972,150],{"class":95},[14,7974,2035],{},[54,7976,7977],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,7978,7979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,7980,7981],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7982,3943],{"class":3816},[14,7984,7985,7986,2839,7988,7990],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[61,7987,3567],{},[61,7989,3635],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[816,7992,7994],{"id":7993},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7996,7997],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[54,7999,8001],{"className":56,"code":8000,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[61,8002,8003,8023,8027,8035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8004,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8006,1161],{"class":74},[64,8008,92],{"class":91},[64,8010,112],{"class":95},[64,8012,100],{"class":99},[64,8014,103],{"class":95},[64,8016,106],{"class":99},[64,8018,103],{"class":95},[64,8020,743],{"class":99},[64,8022,746],{"class":95},[64,8024,8025],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8026,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,8028,8029,8031,8033],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,8030,6965],{"class":70},[64,8032,1191],{"class":74},[64,8034,6363],{"class":95},[64,8036,8037,8040,8042,8044,8047,8049],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,8038,8039],{"class":211},"    print",[64,8041,144],{"class":95},[64,8043,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8045,8046],{"class":1422},"The list is not empty",[64,8048,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8050,150],{"class":95},[14,8052,2035],{},[54,8054,8056],{"className":56,"code":8055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The list is not empty\n",[61,8057,8058],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8059,8060,8062,8065,8067,8070],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8061,1944],{"class":74},[64,8063,8064],{"class":1778},"list",[64,8066,980],{"class":91},[64,8068,8069],{"class":91}," not",[64,8071,8072],{"class":74}," empty\n",[14,8074,8075,8076,137],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[543,8077,8079],{"href":8078},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[49,8081,8083],{"id":8082},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8085,8086,8087,8089],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[61,8088,3776],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8091,8092],{},"It does not do that.",[816,8094,8096,2361,8099],{"id":8095},"boolfalse-returns-true",[61,8097,8098],{},"bool(\"False\")",[61,8100,3567],{},[54,8102,8103],{"className":56,"code":7687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,8104,8105],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8106,8107,8109,8111,8113,8115,8117,8119,8121],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8108,212],{"class":211},[64,8110,144],{"class":95},[64,8112,3832],{"class":1778},[64,8114,144],{"class":95},[64,8116,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8118,3635],{"class":1422},[64,8120,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8122,1737],{"class":95},[14,8124,2035],{},[54,8126,8127],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,8128,8129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8130,8131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8132,3943],{"class":3816},[816,8134,8136,2361,8139],{"id":8135},"bool0-returns-true",[61,8137,8138],{},"bool(\"0\")",[61,8140,3567],{},[54,8142,8144],{"className":56,"code":8143,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[61,8145,8146],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8147,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156,8158,8160,8162],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8149,212],{"class":211},[64,8151,144],{"class":95},[64,8153,3832],{"class":1778},[64,8155,144],{"class":95},[64,8157,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8159,187],{"class":1422},[64,8161,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8163,1737],{"class":95},[14,8165,2035],{},[54,8167,8168],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,8169,8170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8171,8172],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8173,3943],{"class":3816},[14,8175,8176,8177,137],{},"This happens because both values are ",[37,8178,7515],{},[14,8180,8181,8183],{},[61,8182,3776],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8185,8186,8187,8192,8193,8195],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[543,8188,8190],{"href":8189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[61,8191,2919],{},", because ",[61,8194,2919],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8197,318],{},[54,8199,8201],{"className":56,"code":8200,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[61,8202,8203,8224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8204,8205,8208,8210,8213,8215,8217,8220,8222],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8206,8207],{"class":74},"user_value ",[64,8209,92],{"class":91},[64,8211,8212],{"class":211}," input",[64,8214,144],{"class":95},[64,8216,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8218,8219],{"class":1422},"Enter True or False: ",[64,8221,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8223,150],{"class":95},[64,8225,8226,8228,8230,8232,8234,8237],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8227,212],{"class":211},[64,8229,144],{"class":95},[64,8231,3832],{"class":1778},[64,8233,144],{"class":95},[64,8235,8236],{"class":140},"user_value",[64,8238,1737],{"class":95},[14,8240,8241,8242,8244,8245,8192,8247,8249],{},"If the user types ",[61,8243,3635],{},", the result will still be ",[61,8246,3567],{},[61,8248,6647],{}," is not empty.",[49,8251,8253],{"id":8252},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8255,8256,8257,8259,8260,8262],{},"In many ",[61,8258,6965],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[61,8261,3776],{}," yourself.",[14,8264,8265],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8267,8268],{},"Instead of this:",[54,8270,8272],{"className":56,"code":8271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[61,8273,8274,8295,8299,8313],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8275,8276,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291,8293],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8277,8278],{"class":74},"my_list ",[64,8280,92],{"class":91},[64,8282,112],{"class":95},[64,8284,100],{"class":99},[64,8286,103],{"class":95},[64,8288,106],{"class":99},[64,8290,103],{"class":95},[64,8292,743],{"class":99},[64,8294,746],{"class":95},[64,8296,8297],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8298,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,8300,8301,8303,8305,8307,8310],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,8302,6965],{"class":70},[64,8304,7950],{"class":1778},[64,8306,144],{"class":95},[64,8308,8309],{"class":140},"my_list",[64,8311,8312],{"class":95},"):\n",[64,8314,8315,8317,8319,8321,8324,8326],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,8316,8039],{"class":211},[64,8318,144],{"class":95},[64,8320,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8322,8323],{"class":1422},"List has items",[64,8325,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8327,150],{"class":95},[14,8329,8330],{},"You can simply write:",[54,8332,8334],{"className":56,"code":8333,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[61,8335,8336,8356,8360,8369],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8337,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8339,8278],{"class":74},[64,8341,92],{"class":91},[64,8343,112],{"class":95},[64,8345,100],{"class":99},[64,8347,103],{"class":95},[64,8349,106],{"class":99},[64,8351,103],{"class":95},[64,8353,743],{"class":99},[64,8355,746],{"class":95},[64,8357,8358],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8359,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,8361,8362,8364,8367],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,8363,6965],{"class":70},[64,8365,8366],{"class":74}," my_list",[64,8368,6363],{"class":95},[64,8370,8371,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,8372,8039],{"class":211},[64,8374,144],{"class":95},[64,8376,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8378,8323],{"class":1422},[64,8380,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8382,150],{"class":95},[14,8384,8385],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8387,1654,8388,8390],{},[61,8389,3776],{}," is still helpful when:",[21,8392,8393,8396,8404],{},[24,8394,8395],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[24,8397,8398,8399,2839,8401,8403],{},"you want to store a real ",[61,8400,3567],{},[61,8402,3635],{}," value",[24,8405,8406],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8408,8409,8410,137],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[543,8411,8412],{"href":2264},"Python type() function explained",[49,8414,1646],{"id":1645},[14,8416,8417,8418,137],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[61,8419,3776],{},[816,8421,8423,8424,8426,8427],{"id":8422},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[61,8425,8098],{}," to return ",[61,8428,3635],{},[14,8430,8431],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[54,8433,8434],{"className":56,"code":7687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,8435,8436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8437,8438,8440,8442,8444,8446,8448,8450,8452],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8439,212],{"class":211},[64,8441,144],{"class":95},[64,8443,3832],{"class":1778},[64,8445,144],{"class":95},[64,8447,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8449,3635],{"class":1422},[64,8451,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8453,1737],{"class":95},[14,8455,2035],{},[54,8457,8458],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,8459,8460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8461,8462],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8463,3943],{"class":3816},[14,8465,8466,8467,6648],{},"Why? Because ",[61,8468,6647],{},[14,8470,8471],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[54,8473,8475],{"className":56,"code":8474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[61,8476,8477,8489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8478,8479,8481,8483,8485,8487],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8480,2411],{"class":74},[64,8482,92],{"class":91},[64,8484,3315],{"class":1418},[64,8486,3635],{"class":1422},[64,8488,3321],{"class":1418},[64,8490,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8492,212],{"class":211},[64,8494,144],{"class":95},[64,8496,2411],{"class":140},[64,8498,1707],{"class":91},[64,8500,3315],{"class":1418},[64,8502,3567],{"class":1422},[64,8504,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8506,150],{"class":95},[14,8508,2035],{},[54,8510,8511],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,8512,8513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8514,8515],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8516,4004],{"class":3816},[816,8518,8520],{"id":8519},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8522,8523,8525],{},[61,8524,2919],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[54,8527,8529],{"className":56,"code":8528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[61,8530,8531,8550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8532,8533,8535,8537,8539,8541,8543,8546,8548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8534,2411],{"class":74},[64,8536,92],{"class":91},[64,8538,8212],{"class":211},[64,8540,144],{"class":95},[64,8542,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8544,8545],{"class":1422},"Enter yes or no: ",[64,8547,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8549,150],{"class":95},[64,8551,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8553,212],{"class":211},[64,8555,144],{"class":95},[64,8557,3832],{"class":1778},[64,8559,144],{"class":95},[64,8561,2436],{"class":140},[64,8563,1737],{"class":95},[14,8565,8241,8566,8569,8570,8572,8573,8249],{},[61,8567,8568],{},"no",", the result is still ",[61,8571,3567],{}," because ",[61,8574,8575],{},"\"no\"",[14,8577,8578],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[54,8580,8582],{"className":56,"code":8581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[61,8583,8584,8614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8585,8586,8588,8590,8592,8594,8596,8598,8600,8603,8606,8609,8612],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8587,2411],{"class":74},[64,8589,92],{"class":91},[64,8591,8212],{"class":211},[64,8593,144],{"class":95},[64,8595,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8597,8545],{"class":1422},[64,8599,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8601,8602],{"class":95},").",[64,8604,8605],{"class":140},"strip",[64,8607,8608],{"class":95},"().",[64,8610,8611],{"class":140},"lower",[64,8613,366],{"class":95},[64,8615,8616,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626,8629,8631],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8617,212],{"class":211},[64,8619,144],{"class":95},[64,8621,2411],{"class":140},[64,8623,1707],{"class":91},[64,8625,3315],{"class":1418},[64,8627,8628],{"class":1422},"yes",[64,8630,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8632,150],{"class":95},[14,8634,8635,8636,8638,8639,137],{},"This gives ",[61,8637,3567],{}," only when the user enters ",[61,8640,8628],{},[816,8642,8644],{"id":8643},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8646,8647],{},"These are different:",[21,8649,8650,8654,8658,8662,8666],{},[24,8651,8652],{},[61,8653,3635],{},[24,8655,8656],{},[61,8657,187],{},[24,8659,8660],{},[61,8661,6241],{},[24,8663,8664],{},[61,8665,3750],{},[24,8667,8668],{},[61,8669,3741],{},[14,8671,8672,8673,8675,8676,8678],{},"They all become ",[61,8674,3635],{}," with ",[61,8677,3776],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8680,8681],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[54,8683,8685],{"className":56,"code":8684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[61,8686,8687,8695,8709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8688,8689,8691,8693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8690,2411],{"class":74},[64,8692,92],{"class":91},[64,8694,7808],{"class":95},[64,8696,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8698,212],{"class":211},[64,8700,144],{"class":95},[64,8702,1779],{"class":1778},[64,8704,144],{"class":95},[64,8706,2436],{"class":140},[64,8708,1737],{"class":95},[64,8710,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,8712,212],{"class":211},[64,8714,144],{"class":95},[64,8716,3832],{"class":1778},[64,8718,144],{"class":95},[64,8720,2436],{"class":140},[64,8722,1737],{"class":95},[14,8724,2035],{},[54,8726,8728],{"className":56,"code":8727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[61,8729,8730,8744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8731,8732,8734,8736,8738,8740,8742],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8733,3250],{"class":91},[64,8735,3253],{"class":2029},[64,8737,3256],{"class":1418},[64,8739,8064],{"class":1422},[64,8741,3261],{"class":1418},[64,8743,3264],{"class":91},[64,8745,8746],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8747,4004],{"class":3816},[816,8749,1654,8751,8753],{"id":8750},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[61,8752,3755],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8755,8756,8757,8759],{},"In Python, ",[61,8758,3755],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[54,8761,8763],{"className":56,"code":8762,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type({}))\n",[61,8764,8765],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8766,8767,8769,8771,8773],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8768,212],{"class":211},[64,8770,144],{"class":95},[64,8772,1779],{"class":1778},[64,8774,7426],{"class":95},[14,8776,2035],{},[54,8778,8780],{"className":56,"code":8779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[61,8781,8782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8783,8784,8786,8788,8790,8793,8795],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8785,3250],{"class":91},[64,8787,3253],{"class":2029},[64,8789,3256],{"class":1418},[64,8791,8792],{"class":1422},"dict",[64,8794,3261],{"class":1418},[64,8796,3264],{"class":91},[14,8798,8799],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[54,8801,8803],{"className":56,"code":8802,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(set()))\n",[61,8804,8805],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8806,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8808,212],{"class":211},[64,8810,144],{"class":95},[64,8812,1779],{"class":1778},[64,8814,144],{"class":95},[64,8816,6256],{"class":1778},[64,8818,6259],{"class":95},[14,8820,2035],{},[54,8822,8824],{"className":56,"code":8823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[61,8825,8826],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8827,8828,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8829,3250],{"class":91},[64,8831,3253],{"class":2029},[64,8833,3256],{"class":1418},[64,8835,6256],{"class":1422},[64,8837,3261],{"class":1418},[64,8839,3264],{"class":91},[49,8841,8843],{"id":8842},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8845,8846,8847,8849],{},"If ",[61,8848,3776],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[54,8851,8853],{"className":56,"code":8852,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[61,8854,8855,8869,8883,8893,8911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,8856,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8858,212],{"class":211},[64,8860,144],{"class":95},[64,8862,3832],{"class":1778},[64,8864,144],{"class":95},[64,8866,2436],{"class":140},[64,8868,1737],{"class":95},[64,8870,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,8872,212],{"class":211},[64,8874,144],{"class":95},[64,8876,1779],{"class":1778},[64,8878,144],{"class":95},[64,8880,2436],{"class":140},[64,8882,1737],{"class":95},[64,8884,8885,8887,8889,8891],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,8886,212],{"class":211},[64,8888,144],{"class":95},[64,8890,2436],{"class":140},[64,8892,150],{"class":95},[64,8894,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,8896,212],{"class":211},[64,8898,144],{"class":95},[64,8900,2411],{"class":140},[64,8902,1707],{"class":91},[64,8904,3315],{"class":1418},[64,8906,3567],{"class":1422},[64,8908,1419],{"class":1418},[64,8910,150],{"class":95},[64,8912,8913,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,8914,212],{"class":211},[64,8916,144],{"class":95},[64,8918,2436],{"class":140},[64,8920,137],{"class":95},[64,8922,8605],{"class":140},[64,8924,8608],{"class":95},[64,8926,8611],{"class":140},[64,8928,7162],{"class":95},[14,8930,8931],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[21,8933,8934,8937,8940,8943],{},[24,8935,8936],{},"what the value really is",[24,8938,8939],{},"whether it is a string",[24,8941,8942],{},"whether it contains spaces",[24,8944,8945],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8947,8948,8949,137],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[543,8950,8952],{"href":8951},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[49,8954,1826],{"id":1825},[816,8956,8958],{"id":8957},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8960,8961,8962,2839,8964,137],{},"It returns either ",[61,8963,3567],{},[61,8965,3635],{},[816,8967,8969],{"id":8968},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8971,5113,8972,137],{},[61,8973,3635],{},[816,8975,8977],{"id":8976},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8979,8980,8981,137],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[61,8982,3567],{},[816,8984,8986],{"id":8985},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8988,8989,8990,137],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[61,8991,3635],{},[816,8993,8995],{"id":8994},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8997,8998,8999,2839,9001,3700],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[61,9000,3567],{},[61,9002,3635],{},[49,9004,1865],{"id":1864},[21,9006,9007,9012,9016,9021,9025,9030],{},[24,9008,9009],{},[543,9010,9011],{"href":5745},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[24,9013,9014],{},[543,9015,8079],{"href":8078},[24,9017,9018],{},[543,9019,9020],{"href":8189},"Python input() function explained",[24,9022,9023],{},[543,9024,8412],{"href":2264},[24,9026,9027],{},[543,9028,9029],{"href":8951},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[24,9031,9032],{},[543,9033,9034],{"href":7178},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1898,9036,9037],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":9039},[9040,9041,9042,9043,9044,9045,9051,9057,9058,9066,9067,9074],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":7115,"depth":78,"text":7116},{"id":7182,"depth":78,"text":7183},{"id":7301,"depth":78,"text":7302},{"id":7496,"depth":78,"text":7497},{"id":7728,"depth":78,"text":7729,"children":9046},[9047,9048,9049,9050],{"id":7738,"depth":85,"text":7739},{"id":7835,"depth":85,"text":7836},{"id":7920,"depth":85,"text":7921},{"id":7993,"depth":85,"text":7994},{"id":8082,"depth":78,"text":8083,"children":9052},[9053,9055],{"id":8095,"depth":85,"text":9054},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8135,"depth":85,"text":9056},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8252,"depth":78,"text":8253},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":9059},[9060,9062,9063,9064],{"id":8422,"depth":85,"text":9061},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8519,"depth":85,"text":8520},{"id":8643,"depth":85,"text":8644},{"id":8750,"depth":85,"text":9065},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8842,"depth":78,"text":8843},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":9068},[9069,9070,9071,9072,9073],{"id":8957,"depth":85,"text":8958},{"id":8968,"depth":85,"text":8969},{"id":8976,"depth":85,"text":8977},{"id":8985,"depth":85,"text":8986},{"id":8994,"depth":85,"text":8995},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6942,"description":9075},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9082,"title":9083,"body":9084,"description":11277,"extension":1927,"meta":11278,"navigation":81,"path":11279,"seo":11280,"stem":11281,"__hash__":11282},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9085,"toc":11239},[9086,9092,9098,9105,9110,9121,9128,9236,9240,9309,9314,9319,9324,9327,9338,9343,9346,9357,9364,9366,9371,9375,9400,9404,9413,9417,9480,9484,9517,9521,9566,9570,9607,9611,9614,9670,9674,9720,9723,9728,9767,9771,9794,9797,9811,9824,9828,9833,9900,9904,9940,9943,9951,9954,10018,10022,10054,10060,10062,10122,10129,10132,10210,10214,10247,10251,10254,10298,10302,10338,10341,10358,10361,10364,10417,10420,10431,10438,10447,10450,10507,10511,10552,10560,10568,10574,10582,10594,10599,10610,10683,10686,10698,10713,10717,10722,10726,10728,10771,10777,10780,10843,10847,10850,10859,10864,10901,10905,10908,10916,10919,10958,10962,10965,11016,11020,11041,11048,11050,11056,11083,11086,11141,11144,11155,11157,11164,11172,11178,11183,11190,11193,11200,11207,11209,11236],[10,9087,1877,9089,3542],{"id":9088},"python-dict-function-explained",[61,9090,9091],{},"dict()",[14,9093,9094,9095,9097],{},"The built-in ",[61,9096,9091],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9099,9100,9101,9104],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[37,9102,9103],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9106,9107,9109],{},[61,9108,9091],{}," is commonly used to:",[21,9111,9112,9115,9118],{},[24,9113,9114],{},"create an empty dictionary",[24,9116,9117],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[24,9119,9120],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9122,9123,9124,137],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[543,9125,9127],{"href":9126},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[54,9129,9131],{"className":56,"code":9130,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[61,9132,9133,9168,9179,9183,9221],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9134,9135,9138,9140,9143,9145,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156,9158,9161,9163,9166],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9136,9137],{"class":74},"data ",[64,9139,92],{"class":91},[64,9141,9142],{"class":1778}," dict",[64,9144,144],{"class":95},[64,9146,7637],{"class":9147},"s99_P",[64,9149,92],{"class":91},[64,9151,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9153,4968],{"class":1422},[64,9155,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9157,103],{"class":95},[64,9159,9160],{"class":9147}," age",[64,9162,92],{"class":91},[64,9164,9165],{"class":99},"25",[64,9167,150],{"class":95},[64,9169,9170,9172,9174,9177],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9171,212],{"class":211},[64,9173,144],{"class":95},[64,9175,9176],{"class":140},"data",[64,9178,150],{"class":95},[64,9180,9181],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,9182,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,9184,9185,9188,9190,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203,9205,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,9186,9187],{"class":74},"pairs ",[64,9189,92],{"class":91},[64,9191,9192],{"class":95}," [(",[64,9194,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9196,543],{"class":1422},[64,9198,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9200,103],{"class":95},[64,9202,5465],{"class":99},[64,9204,1727],{"class":95},[64,9206,9207],{"class":95}," (",[64,9209,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9211,1235],{"class":1422},[64,9213,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9215,103],{"class":95},[64,9217,106],{"class":99},[64,9219,9220],{"class":95},")]\n",[64,9222,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9234],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,9224,212],{"class":211},[64,9226,144],{"class":95},[64,9228,8792],{"class":1778},[64,9230,144],{"class":95},[64,9232,9233],{"class":140},"pairs",[64,9235,1737],{"class":95},[14,9237,9238],{},[37,9239,2035],{},[54,9241,9243],{"className":56,"code":9242,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[61,9244,9245,9281],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9246,9247,9250,9252,9254,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9268,9271,9273,9275,9278],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9248,9249],{"class":95},"{",[64,9251,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9253,7637],{"class":1422},[64,9255,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9257,1117],{"class":95},[64,9259,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9261,4968],{"class":1422},[64,9263,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9265,103],{"class":95},[64,9267,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9269,9270],{"class":1422},"age",[64,9272,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9274,1117],{"class":95},[64,9276,9277],{"class":99}," 25",[64,9279,9280],{"class":95},"}\n",[64,9282,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305,9307],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9284,9249],{"class":95},[64,9286,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9288,543],{"class":1422},[64,9290,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9292,1117],{"class":95},[64,9294,5465],{"class":99},[64,9296,103],{"class":95},[64,9298,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9300,1235],{"class":1422},[64,9302,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9304,1117],{"class":95},[64,9306,106],{"class":99},[64,9308,9280],{"class":95},[14,9310,256,9311,9313],{},[61,9312,9091],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[49,9315,3639,9317,3642],{"id":9316},"what-dict-does",[61,9318,9091],{},[14,9320,9321,9323],{},[61,9322,9091],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9325,9326],{},"A dictionary:",[21,9328,9329,9332,9335],{},[24,9330,9331],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[24,9333,9334],{},"lets you look up values by key",[24,9336,9337],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9339,9340,9342],{},[61,9341,9091],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9344,9345],{},"Common uses include:",[21,9347,9348,9351,9354],{},[24,9349,9350],{},"making an empty dictionary",[24,9352,9353],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[24,9355,9356],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9358,9359,9360,137],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[543,9361,9363],{"href":9362},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[49,9365,2120],{"id":2119},[14,9367,9368,9370],{},[61,9369,9091],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[816,9372,9374],{"id":9373},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[54,9376,9378],{"className":56,"code":9377,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[61,9379,9380,9390],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9381,9382,9384,9386,9388],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9383,9137],{"class":74},[64,9385,92],{"class":91},[64,9387,9142],{"class":1778},[64,9389,366],{"class":95},[64,9391,9392,9394,9396,9398],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9393,212],{"class":211},[64,9395,144],{"class":95},[64,9397,9176],{"class":140},[64,9399,150],{"class":95},[14,9401,9402],{},[37,9403,2035],{},[54,9405,9407],{"className":56,"code":9406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{}\n",[61,9408,9409],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9410,9411],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9412,9406],{"class":95},[816,9414,9416],{"id":9415},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[54,9418,9420],{"className":56,"code":9419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[61,9421,9422,9456,9470],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9423,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9425,9187],{"class":74},[64,9427,92],{"class":91},[64,9429,9192],{"class":95},[64,9431,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9433,543],{"class":1422},[64,9435,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9437,103],{"class":95},[64,9439,5465],{"class":99},[64,9441,1727],{"class":95},[64,9443,9207],{"class":95},[64,9445,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9447,1235],{"class":1422},[64,9449,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9451,103],{"class":95},[64,9453,106],{"class":99},[64,9455,9220],{"class":95},[64,9457,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9459,9137],{"class":74},[64,9461,92],{"class":91},[64,9463,9142],{"class":1778},[64,9465,144],{"class":95},[64,9467,9233],{"class":140},[64,9469,150],{"class":95},[64,9471,9472,9474,9476,9478],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,9473,212],{"class":211},[64,9475,144],{"class":95},[64,9477,9176],{"class":140},[64,9479,150],{"class":95},[14,9481,9482],{},[37,9483,2035],{},[54,9485,9487],{"className":56,"code":9486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[61,9488,9489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9490,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9492,9249],{"class":95},[64,9494,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9496,543],{"class":1422},[64,9498,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9500,1117],{"class":95},[64,9502,5465],{"class":99},[64,9504,103],{"class":95},[64,9506,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9508,1235],{"class":1422},[64,9510,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9512,1117],{"class":95},[64,9514,106],{"class":99},[64,9516,9280],{"class":95},[816,9518,9520],{"id":9519},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[54,9522,9524],{"className":56,"code":9523,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[61,9525,9526,9556],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9527,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9529,9137],{"class":74},[64,9531,92],{"class":91},[64,9533,9142],{"class":1778},[64,9535,144],{"class":95},[64,9537,7637],{"class":9147},[64,9539,92],{"class":91},[64,9541,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9543,4968],{"class":1422},[64,9545,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9547,103],{"class":95},[64,9549,9160],{"class":9147},[64,9551,92],{"class":91},[64,9553,9165],{"class":99},[64,9555,150],{"class":95},[64,9557,9558,9560,9562,9564],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9559,212],{"class":211},[64,9561,144],{"class":95},[64,9563,9176],{"class":140},[64,9565,150],{"class":95},[14,9567,9568],{},[37,9569,2035],{},[54,9571,9573],{"className":56,"code":9572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[61,9574,9575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9576,9577,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9578,9249],{"class":95},[64,9580,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9582,7637],{"class":1422},[64,9584,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9586,1117],{"class":95},[64,9588,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9590,4968],{"class":1422},[64,9592,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9594,103],{"class":95},[64,9596,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9598,9270],{"class":1422},[64,9600,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9602,1117],{"class":95},[64,9604,9277],{"class":99},[64,9606,9280],{"class":95},[816,9608,9610],{"id":9609},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9612,9613],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[54,9615,9617],{"className":56,"code":9616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[61,9618,9619,9660],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9620,9621,9623,9625,9627,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9654,9656,9658],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9622,9137],{"class":74},[64,9624,92],{"class":91},[64,9626,9142],{"class":1778},[64,9628,9629],{"class":95},"([(",[64,9631,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9633,543],{"class":1422},[64,9635,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9637,103],{"class":95},[64,9639,5465],{"class":99},[64,9641,9642],{"class":95},")],",[64,9644,2522],{"class":9147},[64,9646,92],{"class":91},[64,9648,2021],{"class":99},[64,9650,103],{"class":95},[64,9652,9653],{"class":9147}," c",[64,9655,92],{"class":91},[64,9657,115],{"class":99},[64,9659,150],{"class":95},[64,9661,9662,9664,9666,9668],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9663,212],{"class":211},[64,9665,144],{"class":95},[64,9667,9176],{"class":140},[64,9669,150],{"class":95},[14,9671,9672],{},[37,9673,2035],{},[54,9675,9677],{"className":56,"code":9676,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[61,9678,9679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9680,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9712,9714,9716,9718],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9682,9249],{"class":95},[64,9684,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9686,543],{"class":1422},[64,9688,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9690,1117],{"class":95},[64,9692,5465],{"class":99},[64,9694,103],{"class":95},[64,9696,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9698,1235],{"class":1422},[64,9700,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9702,1117],{"class":95},[64,9704,106],{"class":99},[64,9706,103],{"class":95},[64,9708,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9710,9711],{"class":1422},"c",[64,9713,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9715,1117],{"class":95},[64,9717,743],{"class":99},[64,9719,9280],{"class":95},[49,9721,9374],{"id":9722},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9724,256,9725,9727],{},[61,9726,9091],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[54,9729,9731],{"className":56,"code":9730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[61,9732,9733,9743,9757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9734,9735,9737,9739,9741],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9736,9137],{"class":74},[64,9738,92],{"class":91},[64,9740,9142],{"class":1778},[64,9742,366],{"class":95},[64,9744,9745,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9746,212],{"class":211},[64,9748,144],{"class":95},[64,9750,1779],{"class":1778},[64,9752,144],{"class":95},[64,9754,9176],{"class":140},[64,9756,1737],{"class":95},[64,9758,9759,9761,9763,9765],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,9760,212],{"class":211},[64,9762,144],{"class":95},[64,9764,9176],{"class":140},[64,9766,150],{"class":95},[14,9768,9769],{},[37,9770,2035],{},[54,9772,9774],{"className":56,"code":9773,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[61,9775,9776,9790],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9777,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9779,3250],{"class":91},[64,9781,3253],{"class":2029},[64,9783,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9785,8792],{"class":1422},[64,9787,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9789,3264],{"class":91},[64,9791,9792],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9793,9406],{"class":95},[14,9795,9796],{},"This gives the same result as:",[54,9798,9800],{"className":56,"code":9799,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n",[61,9801,9802],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9803,9804,9806,9808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9805,9137],{"class":74},[64,9807,92],{"class":91},[64,9809,9810],{"class":95}," {}\n",[14,9812,9813,9814,9816,9817,9820,9821,9823],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[61,9815,3755],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9818,9819],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[61,9822,9091],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[49,9825,9827],{"id":9826},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9829,9830,9831,137],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[61,9832,9091],{},[54,9834,9836],{"className":56,"code":9835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[61,9837,9838,9876,9890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9839,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9841,9187],{"class":74},[64,9843,92],{"class":91},[64,9845,9192],{"class":95},[64,9847,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9849,7637],{"class":1422},[64,9851,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9853,103],{"class":95},[64,9855,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9857,4968],{"class":1422},[64,9859,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9861,1727],{"class":95},[64,9863,9207],{"class":95},[64,9865,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9867,9270],{"class":1422},[64,9869,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9871,103],{"class":95},[64,9873,9277],{"class":99},[64,9875,9220],{"class":95},[64,9877,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9879,9137],{"class":74},[64,9881,92],{"class":91},[64,9883,9142],{"class":1778},[64,9885,144],{"class":95},[64,9887,9233],{"class":140},[64,9889,150],{"class":95},[64,9891,9892,9894,9896,9898],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,9893,212],{"class":211},[64,9895,144],{"class":95},[64,9897,9176],{"class":140},[64,9899,150],{"class":95},[14,9901,9902],{},[37,9903,2035],{},[54,9905,9906],{"className":56,"code":9572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,9907,9908],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9909,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9911,9249],{"class":95},[64,9913,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9915,7637],{"class":1422},[64,9917,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9919,1117],{"class":95},[64,9921,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9923,4968],{"class":1422},[64,9925,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9927,103],{"class":95},[64,9929,3256],{"class":1418},[64,9931,9270],{"class":1422},[64,9933,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9935,1117],{"class":95},[64,9937,9277],{"class":99},[64,9939,9280],{"class":95},[14,9941,9942],{},"Each pair becomes:",[21,9944,9945,9948],{},[24,9946,9947],{},"the first item as the key",[24,9949,9950],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9952,9953],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[54,9955,9957],{"className":56,"code":9956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[61,9958,9959,9994,10008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,9960,9961,9963,9965,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988,9990,9992],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9962,9187],{"class":74},[64,9964,92],{"class":91},[64,9966,9967],{"class":95}," ((",[64,9969,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9971,543],{"class":1422},[64,9973,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9975,103],{"class":95},[64,9977,5465],{"class":99},[64,9979,1727],{"class":95},[64,9981,9207],{"class":95},[64,9983,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9985,1235],{"class":1422},[64,9987,3261],{"class":1418},[64,9989,103],{"class":95},[64,9991,106],{"class":99},[64,9993,1737],{"class":95},[64,9995,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,9997,9137],{"class":74},[64,9999,92],{"class":91},[64,10001,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10003,144],{"class":95},[64,10005,9233],{"class":140},[64,10007,150],{"class":95},[64,10009,10010,10012,10014,10016],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,10011,212],{"class":211},[64,10013,144],{"class":95},[64,10015,9176],{"class":140},[64,10017,150],{"class":95},[14,10019,10020],{},[37,10021,2035],{},[54,10023,10024],{"className":56,"code":9486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,10025,10026],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10027,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10029,9249],{"class":95},[64,10031,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10033,543],{"class":1422},[64,10035,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10037,1117],{"class":95},[64,10039,5465],{"class":99},[64,10041,103],{"class":95},[64,10043,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10045,1235],{"class":1422},[64,10047,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10049,1117],{"class":95},[64,10051,106],{"class":99},[64,10053,9280],{"class":95},[14,10055,10056,10057,137],{},"Each item must contain ",[37,10058,10059],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10061,2797],{},[54,10063,10065],{"className":56,"code":10064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[61,10066,10067,10107],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10068,10069,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10070,10071],{"class":74},"bad_data ",[64,10073,92],{"class":91},[64,10075,9192],{"class":95},[64,10077,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10079,543],{"class":1422},[64,10081,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10083,103],{"class":95},[64,10085,5465],{"class":99},[64,10087,103],{"class":95},[64,10089,10090],{"class":99}," 100",[64,10092,1727],{"class":95},[64,10094,9207],{"class":95},[64,10096,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10098,1235],{"class":1422},[64,10100,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10102,103],{"class":95},[64,10104,106],{"class":99},[64,10106,9220],{"class":95},[64,10108,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10120],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10110,2194],{"class":74},[64,10112,92],{"class":91},[64,10114,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10116,144],{"class":95},[64,10118,10119],{"class":140},"bad_data",[64,10121,150],{"class":95},[14,10123,10124,10125,10128],{},"Python raises an error because ",[61,10126,10127],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10130,10131],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[54,10133,10135],{"className":56,"code":10134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[61,10136,10137,10186,10200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10138,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10140,9187],{"class":74},[64,10142,92],{"class":91},[64,10144,9192],{"class":95},[64,10146,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10148,543],{"class":1422},[64,10150,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10152,103],{"class":95},[64,10154,5465],{"class":99},[64,10156,1727],{"class":95},[64,10158,9207],{"class":95},[64,10160,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10162,543],{"class":1422},[64,10164,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10166,103],{"class":95},[64,10168,10169],{"class":99}," 99",[64,10171,1727],{"class":95},[64,10173,9207],{"class":95},[64,10175,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10177,1235],{"class":1422},[64,10179,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10181,103],{"class":95},[64,10183,106],{"class":99},[64,10185,9220],{"class":95},[64,10187,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10189,9137],{"class":74},[64,10191,92],{"class":91},[64,10193,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10195,144],{"class":95},[64,10197,9233],{"class":140},[64,10199,150],{"class":95},[64,10201,10202,10204,10206,10208],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,10203,212],{"class":211},[64,10205,144],{"class":95},[64,10207,9176],{"class":140},[64,10209,150],{"class":95},[14,10211,10212],{},[37,10213,2035],{},[54,10215,10217],{"className":56,"code":10216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[61,10218,10219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10220,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10222,9249],{"class":95},[64,10224,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10226,543],{"class":1422},[64,10228,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10230,1117],{"class":95},[64,10232,10169],{"class":99},[64,10234,103],{"class":95},[64,10236,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10238,1235],{"class":1422},[64,10240,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10242,1117],{"class":95},[64,10244,106],{"class":99},[64,10246,9280],{"class":95},[49,10248,10250],{"id":10249},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10252,10253],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[54,10255,10256],{"className":56,"code":9523,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,10257,10258,10288],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10259,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10261,9137],{"class":74},[64,10263,92],{"class":91},[64,10265,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10267,144],{"class":95},[64,10269,7637],{"class":9147},[64,10271,92],{"class":91},[64,10273,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10275,4968],{"class":1422},[64,10277,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10279,103],{"class":95},[64,10281,9160],{"class":9147},[64,10283,92],{"class":91},[64,10285,9165],{"class":99},[64,10287,150],{"class":95},[64,10289,10290,10292,10294,10296],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10291,212],{"class":211},[64,10293,144],{"class":95},[64,10295,9176],{"class":140},[64,10297,150],{"class":95},[14,10299,10300],{},[37,10301,2035],{},[54,10303,10304],{"className":56,"code":9572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,10305,10306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10307,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10309,9249],{"class":95},[64,10311,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10313,7637],{"class":1422},[64,10315,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10317,1117],{"class":95},[64,10319,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10321,4968],{"class":1422},[64,10323,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10325,103],{"class":95},[64,10327,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10329,9270],{"class":1422},[64,10331,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10333,1117],{"class":95},[64,10335,9277],{"class":99},[64,10337,9280],{"class":95},[14,10339,10340],{},"In this form:",[21,10342,10343,10351],{},[24,10344,10345,10347,10348],{},[61,10346,7637],{}," becomes the string key ",[61,10349,10350],{},"'name'",[24,10352,10353,10347,10355],{},[61,10354,9270],{},[61,10356,10357],{},"'age'",[14,10359,10360],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10362,10363],{},"Valid examples:",[54,10365,10367],{"className":56,"code":10366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[61,10368,10369,10407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10370,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10382,10384,10386,10389,10391,10393,10396,10398,10400,10403,10405],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10372,9137],{"class":74},[64,10374,92],{"class":91},[64,10376,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10378,144],{"class":95},[64,10380,10381],{"class":9147},"city",[64,10383,92],{"class":91},[64,10385,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10387,10388],{"class":1422},"Paris",[64,10390,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10392,103],{"class":95},[64,10394,10395],{"class":9147}," country",[64,10397,92],{"class":91},[64,10399,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10401,10402],{"class":1422},"France",[64,10404,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10406,150],{"class":95},[64,10408,10409,10411,10413,10415],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10410,212],{"class":211},[64,10412,144],{"class":95},[64,10414,9176],{"class":140},[64,10416,150],{"class":95},[14,10418,10419],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[21,10421,10422,10425,10428],{},[24,10423,10424],{},"spaces",[24,10426,10427],{},"hyphens",[24,10429,10430],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10432,10433,10434,10437],{},"For example, this is ",[37,10435,10436],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[54,10439,10441],{"className":56,"code":10440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[61,10442,10443],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10444,10445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10446,10440],{"class":222},[14,10448,10449],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[54,10451,10453],{"className":56,"code":10452,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[61,10454,10455,10497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10456,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10458,9137],{"class":74},[64,10460,92],{"class":91},[64,10462,1415],{"class":95},[64,10464,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10466,10467],{"class":1422},"first-name",[64,10469,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10471,1117],{"class":95},[64,10473,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10475,7646],{"class":1422},[64,10477,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10479,103],{"class":95},[64,10481,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10483,10484],{"class":1422},"first name",[64,10486,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10488,1117],{"class":95},[64,10490,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10492,7646],{"class":1422},[64,10494,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10496,9280],{"class":95},[64,10498,10499,10501,10503,10505],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10500,212],{"class":211},[64,10502,144],{"class":95},[64,10504,9176],{"class":140},[64,10506,150],{"class":95},[14,10508,10509],{},[37,10510,2035],{},[54,10512,10514],{"className":56,"code":10513,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[61,10515,10516],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10517,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10519,9249],{"class":95},[64,10521,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10523,10467],{"class":1422},[64,10525,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10527,1117],{"class":95},[64,10529,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10531,7646],{"class":1422},[64,10533,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10535,103],{"class":95},[64,10537,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10539,10484],{"class":1422},[64,10541,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10543,1117],{"class":95},[64,10545,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10547,7646],{"class":1422},[64,10549,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10551,9280],{"class":95},[49,10553,10555,10557,10558],{"id":10554},"dict-vs",[61,10556,9091],{}," vs ",[61,10559,3755],{},[14,10561,10562,10563,40,10565,10567],{},"Both ",[61,10564,9091],{},[61,10566,3755],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[816,10569,256,10571,10573],{"id":10570},"use-when",[61,10572,3755],{}," when:",[21,10575,10576,10579],{},[24,10577,10578],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[24,10580,10581],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[54,10583,10584],{"className":56,"code":9799,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,10585,10586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10587,10588,10590,10592],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10589,9137],{"class":74},[64,10591,92],{"class":91},[64,10593,9810],{"class":95},[816,10595,256,10597,10573],{"id":10596},"use-dict-when",[61,10598,9091],{},[21,10600,10601,10604,10607],{},[24,10602,10603],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[24,10605,10606],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[24,10608,10609],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[54,10611,10613],{"className":56,"code":10612,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[61,10614,10615,10652],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10616,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10618,9137],{"class":74},[64,10620,92],{"class":91},[64,10622,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10624,9629],{"class":95},[64,10626,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10628,543],{"class":1422},[64,10630,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10632,103],{"class":95},[64,10634,5465],{"class":99},[64,10636,1727],{"class":95},[64,10638,9207],{"class":95},[64,10640,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10642,1235],{"class":1422},[64,10644,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10646,103],{"class":95},[64,10648,106],{"class":99},[64,10650,10651],{"class":95},")])\n",[64,10653,10654,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10655,10656],{"class":74},"info ",[64,10658,92],{"class":91},[64,10660,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10662,144],{"class":95},[64,10664,7637],{"class":9147},[64,10666,92],{"class":91},[64,10668,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10670,4968],{"class":1422},[64,10672,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10674,103],{"class":95},[64,10676,9160],{"class":9147},[64,10678,92],{"class":91},[64,10680,9165],{"class":99},[64,10682,150],{"class":95},[14,10684,10685],{},"So:",[21,10687,10688,10693],{},[24,10689,10690,10692],{},[61,10691,3755],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[24,10694,10695,10697],{},[61,10696,9091],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10699,10700,10701,10705,10706,137],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[543,10702,10704],{"href":10703},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[543,10707,10709,10710,1248],{"href":10708},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[61,10711,10712],{},"get()",[49,10714,10716],{"id":10715},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10718,10719,10720,137],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[61,10721,9091],{},[816,10723,10725],{"id":10724},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10727,4490],{},[54,10729,10731],{"className":56,"code":10730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[61,10732,10733,10757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10734,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753,10755],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10736,7749],{"class":74},[64,10738,92],{"class":91},[64,10740,112],{"class":95},[64,10742,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10744,543],{"class":1422},[64,10746,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10748,103],{"class":95},[64,10750,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10752,1235],{"class":1422},[64,10754,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10756,746],{"class":95},[64,10758,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10760,9137],{"class":74},[64,10762,92],{"class":91},[64,10764,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10766,144],{"class":95},[64,10768,7779],{"class":140},[64,10770,150],{"class":95},[14,10772,10773,10774,137],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[61,10775,10776],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10778,10779],{},"Correct version:",[54,10781,10783],{"className":56,"code":10782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[61,10784,10785,10819,10833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10786,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10788,7749],{"class":74},[64,10790,92],{"class":91},[64,10792,9192],{"class":95},[64,10794,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10796,543],{"class":1422},[64,10798,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10800,103],{"class":95},[64,10802,5465],{"class":99},[64,10804,1727],{"class":95},[64,10806,9207],{"class":95},[64,10808,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10810,1235],{"class":1422},[64,10812,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10814,103],{"class":95},[64,10816,106],{"class":99},[64,10818,9220],{"class":95},[64,10820,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10822,9137],{"class":74},[64,10824,92],{"class":91},[64,10826,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10828,144],{"class":95},[64,10830,7779],{"class":140},[64,10832,150],{"class":95},[64,10834,10835,10837,10839,10841],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,10836,212],{"class":211},[64,10838,144],{"class":95},[64,10840,9176],{"class":140},[64,10842,150],{"class":95},[816,10844,10846],{"id":10845},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10848,10849],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[54,10851,10853],{"className":56,"code":10852,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[61,10854,10855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10856,10857],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10858,10852],{"class":222},[14,10860,10861,10862,1117],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[61,10863,92],{},[54,10865,10867],{"className":56,"code":10866,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[61,10868,10869,10891],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10870,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10872,9137],{"class":74},[64,10874,92],{"class":91},[64,10876,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10878,144],{"class":95},[64,10880,7637],{"class":9147},[64,10882,92],{"class":91},[64,10884,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10886,4968],{"class":1422},[64,10888,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10890,150],{"class":95},[64,10892,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10894,212],{"class":211},[64,10896,144],{"class":95},[64,10898,9176],{"class":140},[64,10900,150],{"class":95},[816,10902,10904],{"id":10903},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10906,10907],{},"This will not work:",[54,10909,10910],{"className":56,"code":10440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,10911,10912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10913,10914],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10915,10440],{"class":222},[14,10917,10918],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[54,10920,10922],{"className":56,"code":10921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[61,10923,10924,10948],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10925,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10927,9137],{"class":74},[64,10929,92],{"class":91},[64,10931,1415],{"class":95},[64,10933,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10935,10467],{"class":1422},[64,10937,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10939,1117],{"class":95},[64,10941,3256],{"class":1418},[64,10943,7646],{"class":1422},[64,10945,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10947,9280],{"class":95},[64,10949,10950,10952,10954,10956],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,10951,212],{"class":211},[64,10953,144],{"class":95},[64,10955,9176],{"class":140},[64,10957,150],{"class":95},[816,10959,10961],{"id":10960},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10963,10964],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[54,10966,10968],{"className":56,"code":10967,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[61,10969,10970,11006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,10971,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10973,9137],{"class":74},[64,10975,92],{"class":91},[64,10977,9142],{"class":1778},[64,10979,9629],{"class":95},[64,10981,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10983,2137],{"class":1422},[64,10985,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10987,103],{"class":95},[64,10989,5465],{"class":99},[64,10991,1727],{"class":95},[64,10993,9207],{"class":95},[64,10995,3261],{"class":1418},[64,10997,2137],{"class":1422},[64,10999,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11001,103],{"class":95},[64,11003,106],{"class":99},[64,11005,10651],{"class":95},[64,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11009,212],{"class":211},[64,11011,144],{"class":95},[64,11013,9176],{"class":140},[64,11015,150],{"class":95},[14,11017,11018],{},[37,11019,2035],{},[54,11021,11023],{"className":56,"code":11022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': 2}\n",[61,11024,11025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11026,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11028,9249],{"class":95},[64,11030,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11032,2137],{"class":1422},[64,11034,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11036,1117],{"class":95},[64,11038,106],{"class":99},[64,11040,9280],{"class":95},[14,11042,11043,11044,137],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[543,11045,11047],{"href":11046},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[49,11049,1646],{"id":1645},[14,11051,11052,11053,11055],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[61,11054,9091],{}," include:",[21,11057,11058,11068,11074,11077],{},[24,11059,11060,11061,11064,11065],{},"passing a list like ",[61,11062,11063],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[61,11066,11067],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[24,11069,11070,11071],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[61,11072,11073],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[24,11075,11076],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[24,11078,11079,11080,11082],{},"confusing ",[61,11081,9091],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11084,11085],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[54,11087,11089],{"className":56,"code":11088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[61,11090,11091,11105,11115,11126],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11092,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11094,212],{"class":211},[64,11096,144],{"class":95},[64,11098,1779],{"class":1778},[64,11100,144],{"class":95},[64,11102,9176],{"class":140},[64,11104,1737],{"class":95},[64,11106,11107,11109,11111,11113],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11108,212],{"class":211},[64,11110,144],{"class":95},[64,11112,9176],{"class":140},[64,11114,150],{"class":95},[64,11116,11117,11119,11121,11124],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,11118,212],{"class":211},[64,11120,144],{"class":95},[64,11122,11123],{"class":140},"list_of_pairs",[64,11125,150],{"class":95},[64,11127,11128,11130,11132,11135,11137,11139],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,11129,212],{"class":211},[64,11131,144],{"class":95},[64,11133,11134],{"class":211},"len",[64,11136,144],{"class":95},[64,11138,11123],{"class":140},[64,11140,1737],{"class":95},[14,11142,11143],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[21,11145,11146,11149,11152],{},[24,11147,11148],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[24,11150,11151],{},"what data is being passed in",[24,11153,11154],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[49,11156,1826],{"id":1825},[816,11158,5145,11160,40,11162,2456],{"id":11159},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[61,11161,9091],{},[61,11163,3755],{},[14,11165,11166,11168,11169,11171],{},[61,11167,3755],{}," is the short literal form. ",[61,11170,9091],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[816,11173,5135,11175,11177],{"id":11174},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[61,11176,9091],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11179,11180,11181,137],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[61,11182,11067],{},[816,11184,5123,11186,11189],{"id":11185},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[61,11187,11188],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11191,11192],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[816,11194,11196,11197,11199],{"id":11195},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[61,11198,9091],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11201,11202,11203,11206],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[61,11204,11205],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[49,11208,1865],{"id":1864},[21,11210,11211,11216,11220,11225,11231],{},[24,11212,11213],{},[543,11214,11215],{"href":9362},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[24,11217,11218],{},[543,11219,9127],{"href":9126},[24,11221,11222],{},[543,11223,11224],{"href":10703},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[24,11226,11227],{},[543,11228,10709,11229,1248],{"href":10708},[61,11230,10712],{},[24,11232,11233],{},[543,11234,11235],{"href":11046},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1898,11237,11238],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":11240},[11241,11243,11249,11250,11251,11252,11259,11265,11266,11276],{"id":9316,"depth":78,"text":11242},"What dict() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":11244},[11245,11246,11247,11248],{"id":9373,"depth":85,"text":9374},{"id":9415,"depth":85,"text":9416},{"id":9519,"depth":85,"text":9520},{"id":9609,"depth":85,"text":9610},{"id":9722,"depth":78,"text":9374},{"id":9826,"depth":78,"text":9827},{"id":10249,"depth":78,"text":10250},{"id":10554,"depth":78,"text":11253,"children":11254},"dict() vs {}",[11255,11257],{"id":10570,"depth":85,"text":11256},"Use {} when:",{"id":10596,"depth":85,"text":11258},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10715,"depth":78,"text":10716,"children":11260},[11261,11262,11263,11264],{"id":10724,"depth":85,"text":10725},{"id":10845,"depth":85,"text":10846},{"id":10903,"depth":85,"text":10904},{"id":10960,"depth":85,"text":10961},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":11267},[11268,11270,11272,11274],{"id":11159,"depth":85,"text":11269},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11174,"depth":85,"text":11271},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11185,"depth":85,"text":11273},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11195,"depth":85,"text":11275},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9083,"description":11277},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11284,"title":11285,"body":11286,"description":12788,"extension":1927,"meta":12789,"navigation":81,"path":12790,"seo":12791,"stem":12792,"__hash__":12793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11287,"toc":12757},[11288,11296,11302,11309,11311,11372,11377,11382,11387,11405,11408,11412,11414,11430,11433,11446,11450,11453,11586,11588,11655,11658,11674,11680,11686,11689,11771,11773,11787,11791,11797,11862,11864,11872,11875,11898,11904,11967,11973,11976,11990,12003,12007,12018,12023,12034,12040,12044,12050,12167,12169,12195,12198,12215,12218,12329,12331,12380,12382,12395,12402,12407,12412,12423,12425,12528,12551,12553,12557,12576,12579,12636,12639,12665,12667,12674,12677,12683,12687,12694,12702,12708,12711,12713,12754],[10,11289,11291,11292,11295],{"id":11290},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[61,11293,11294],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11297,11298,11301],{},[61,11299,11300],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11303,11304,11305,11308],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[37,11306,11307],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[49,11310,52],{"id":51},[54,11312,11314],{"className":56,"code":11313,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[61,11315,11316,11348,11359],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11317,11318,11320,11322,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11319,9137],{"class":74},[64,11321,92],{"class":91},[64,11323,1415],{"class":95},[64,11325,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11327,543],{"class":1422},[64,11329,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11331,1117],{"class":95},[64,11333,5465],{"class":99},[64,11335,103],{"class":95},[64,11337,3315],{"class":1418},[64,11339,1235],{"class":1422},[64,11341,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11343,1117],{"class":95},[64,11345,106],{"class":99},[64,11347,9280],{"class":95},[64,11349,11350,11352,11354,11357],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11351,9176],{"class":74},[64,11353,137],{"class":95},[64,11355,11356],{"class":140},"clear",[64,11358,366],{"class":95},[64,11360,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,11362,212],{"class":211},[64,11364,144],{"class":95},[64,11366,9176],{"class":140},[64,11368,219],{"class":95},[64,11370,11371],{"class":222},"  # {}\n",[14,11373,11374,11376],{},[61,11375,11294],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[49,11378,3639,11380,3642],{"id":11379},"what-clear-does",[61,11381,11294],{},[14,11383,1944,11384,11386],{},[61,11385,11294],{}," method:",[21,11388,11389,11392,11395,11400],{},[24,11390,11391],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[24,11393,11394],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[24,11396,11397,11398],{},"Returns ",[61,11399,3741],{},[24,11401,11402,11403],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[61,11404,3755],{},[14,11406,11407],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11409,9123,11410,137],{},[543,11411,9127],{"href":9126},[49,11413,2120],{"id":2119},[54,11415,11417],{"className":56,"code":11416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.clear()\n",[61,11418,11419],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11420,11421,11424,11426,11428],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11422,11423],{"class":74},"my_dict",[64,11425,137],{"class":95},[64,11427,11356],{"class":140},[64,11429,366],{"class":95},[14,11431,11432],{},"Important points:",[21,11434,11435,11440,11443],{},[24,11436,11437,11439],{},[61,11438,11294],{}," takes no arguments",[24,11441,11442],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[24,11444,11445],{},"It empties that dictionary",[49,11447,11449],{"id":11448},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11451,11452],{},"Here is a basic example:",[54,11454,11456],{"className":56,"code":11455,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[61,11457,11458,11468,11489,11503,11520,11524,11528,11548,11552,11563,11567],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11459,11460,11463,11465],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11461,11462],{"class":74},"user ",[64,11464,92],{"class":91},[64,11466,11467],{"class":95}," {\n",[64,11469,11470,11473,11475,11477,11479,11481,11484,11486],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11471,11472],{"class":1418},"    \"",[64,11474,7637],{"class":1422},[64,11476,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11478,1117],{"class":95},[64,11480,3315],{"class":1418},[64,11482,11483],{"class":1422},"Maya",[64,11485,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11487,11488],{"class":95},",\n",[64,11490,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,11492,11472],{"class":1418},[64,11494,9270],{"class":1422},[64,11496,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11498,1117],{"class":95},[64,11500,9277],{"class":99},[64,11502,11488],{"class":95},[64,11504,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513,11515,11518],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,11506,11472],{"class":1418},[64,11508,10381],{"class":1422},[64,11510,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11512,1117],{"class":95},[64,11514,3315],{"class":1418},[64,11516,11517],{"class":1422},"Berlin",[64,11519,3321],{"class":1418},[64,11521,11522],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,11523,9280],{"class":95},[64,11525,11526],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,11527,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,11529,11530,11532,11534,11536,11539,11541,11543,11546],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,11531,212],{"class":211},[64,11533,144],{"class":95},[64,11535,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11537,11538],{"class":1422},"Before:",[64,11540,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11542,103],{"class":95},[64,11544,11545],{"class":140}," user",[64,11547,150],{"class":95},[64,11549,11550],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,11551,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,11553,11554,11557,11559,11561],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,11555,11556],{"class":74},"user",[64,11558,137],{"class":95},[64,11560,11356],{"class":140},[64,11562,366],{"class":95},[64,11564,11565],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,11566,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,11568,11569,11571,11573,11575,11578,11580,11582,11584],{"class":66,"line":241},[64,11570,212],{"class":211},[64,11572,144],{"class":95},[64,11574,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11576,11577],{"class":1422},"After:",[64,11579,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11581,103],{"class":95},[64,11583,11545],{"class":140},[64,11585,150],{"class":95},[14,11587,5527],{},[54,11589,11591],{"className":56,"code":11590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[61,11592,11593,11646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11594,11595,11598,11600,11602,11604,11606,11608,11610,11612,11614,11616,11618,11620,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632,11634,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11596,11597],{"class":74},"Before",[64,11599,1117],{"class":95},[64,11601,1415],{"class":95},[64,11603,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11605,7637],{"class":1422},[64,11607,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11609,1117],{"class":95},[64,11611,3256],{"class":1418},[64,11613,11483],{"class":1422},[64,11615,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11617,103],{"class":95},[64,11619,3256],{"class":1418},[64,11621,9270],{"class":1422},[64,11623,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11625,1117],{"class":95},[64,11627,9277],{"class":99},[64,11629,103],{"class":95},[64,11631,3256],{"class":1418},[64,11633,10381],{"class":1422},[64,11635,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11637,1117],{"class":95},[64,11639,3256],{"class":1418},[64,11641,11517],{"class":1422},[64,11643,3261],{"class":1418},[64,11645,9280],{"class":95},[64,11647,11648,11651,11653],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11649,11650],{"class":74},"After",[64,11652,1117],{"class":95},[64,11654,9810],{"class":95},[14,11656,11657],{},"What happens here:",[21,11659,11660,11665,11671],{},[24,11661,11662,11664],{},[61,11663,11556],{}," starts with three items",[24,11666,11667,11670],{},[61,11668,11669],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[24,11672,11673],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[49,11675,3639,11677,11679],{"id":11676},"what-clear-returns",[61,11678,11294],{}," returns",[14,11681,11682,2361,11684,137],{},[61,11683,11294],{},[61,11685,3741],{},[14,11687,11688],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[54,11690,11692],{"className":56,"code":11691,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[61,11693,11694,11728,11732,11747,11751,11761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11695,11696,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11720,11722,11724,11726],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11697,11698],{"class":74},"my_dict ",[64,11700,92],{"class":91},[64,11702,1415],{"class":95},[64,11704,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11706,2137],{"class":1422},[64,11708,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11710,1117],{"class":95},[64,11712,5465],{"class":99},[64,11714,103],{"class":95},[64,11716,3315],{"class":1418},[64,11718,11719],{"class":1422},"y",[64,11721,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11723,1117],{"class":95},[64,11725,106],{"class":99},[64,11727,9280],{"class":95},[64,11729,11730],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11731,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,11733,11734,11736,11738,11741,11743,11745],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,11735,2194],{"class":74},[64,11737,92],{"class":91},[64,11739,11740],{"class":74}," my_dict",[64,11742,137],{"class":95},[64,11744,11356],{"class":140},[64,11746,366],{"class":95},[64,11748,11749],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,11750,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,11752,11753,11755,11757,11759],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,11754,212],{"class":211},[64,11756,144],{"class":95},[64,11758,2229],{"class":140},[64,11760,150],{"class":95},[64,11762,11763,11765,11767,11769],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,11764,212],{"class":211},[64,11766,144],{"class":95},[64,11768,11423],{"class":140},[64,11770,150],{"class":95},[14,11772,2035],{},[54,11774,11776],{"className":56,"code":11775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n{}\n",[61,11777,11778,11783],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11779,11780],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11781,11782],{"class":3816},"None\n",[64,11784,11785],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11786,9406],{"class":95},[816,11788,11790],{"id":11789},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11792,11793,11794,11796],{},"Do ",[37,11795,300],{}," do this:",[54,11798,11800],{"className":56,"code":11799,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[61,11801,11802,11834,11848,11852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11803,11804,11806,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11805,11698],{"class":74},[64,11807,92],{"class":91},[64,11809,1415],{"class":95},[64,11811,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11813,2137],{"class":1422},[64,11815,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11817,1117],{"class":95},[64,11819,5465],{"class":99},[64,11821,103],{"class":95},[64,11823,3315],{"class":1418},[64,11825,11719],{"class":1422},[64,11827,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11829,1117],{"class":95},[64,11831,106],{"class":99},[64,11833,9280],{"class":95},[64,11835,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11837,11698],{"class":74},[64,11839,92],{"class":91},[64,11841,11740],{"class":74},[64,11843,137],{"class":95},[64,11845,11356],{"class":140},[64,11847,366],{"class":95},[64,11849,11850],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,11851,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,11853,11854,11856,11858,11860],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,11855,212],{"class":211},[64,11857,144],{"class":95},[64,11859,11423],{"class":140},[64,11861,150],{"class":95},[14,11863,2035],{},[54,11865,11866],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,11867,11868],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11869,11870],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11871,11782],{"class":3816},[14,11873,11874],{},"Why this happens:",[21,11876,11877,11883,11888],{},[24,11878,11879,11882],{},[61,11880,11881],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[24,11884,11885,11886],{},"The method returns ",[61,11887,3741],{},[24,11889,11890,11891,11894,11895,11897],{},"Then ",[61,11892,11893],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[61,11896,3741],{}," in the variable",[14,11899,11900,11901,11903],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[61,11902,11294],{}," by itself:",[54,11905,11907],{"className":56,"code":11906,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[61,11908,11909,11941,11951,11955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11910,11911,11913,11915,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11912,11698],{"class":74},[64,11914,92],{"class":91},[64,11916,1415],{"class":95},[64,11918,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11920,2137],{"class":1422},[64,11922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11924,1117],{"class":95},[64,11926,5465],{"class":99},[64,11928,103],{"class":95},[64,11930,3315],{"class":1418},[64,11932,11719],{"class":1422},[64,11934,1419],{"class":1418},[64,11936,1117],{"class":95},[64,11938,106],{"class":99},[64,11940,9280],{"class":95},[64,11942,11943,11945,11947,11949],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,11944,11423],{"class":74},[64,11946,137],{"class":95},[64,11948,11356],{"class":140},[64,11950,366],{"class":95},[64,11952,11953],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,11954,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,11956,11957,11959,11961,11963,11965],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,11958,212],{"class":211},[64,11960,144],{"class":95},[64,11962,11423],{"class":140},[64,11964,219],{"class":95},[64,11966,11371],{"class":222},[49,11968,11970,11972],{"id":11969},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[61,11971,11294],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11974,11975],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[54,11977,11978],{"className":56,"code":11416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,11979,11980],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11981,11982,11984,11986,11988],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11983,11423],{"class":74},[64,11985,137],{"class":95},[64,11987,11356],{"class":140},[64,11989,366],{"class":95},[54,11991,11993],{"className":56,"code":11992,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {}\n",[61,11994,11995],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,11996,11997,11999,12001],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11998,11698],{"class":74},[64,12000,92],{"class":91},[64,12002,9810],{"class":95},[816,12004,12005],{"id":11356},[61,12006,11294],{},[21,12008,12009,12012,12015],{},[24,12010,12011],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[24,12013,12014],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[24,12016,12017],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[816,12019,12020],{"id":11423},[61,12021,12022],{},"my_dict = {}",[21,12024,12025,12028,12031],{},[24,12026,12027],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[24,12029,12030],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[24,12032,12033],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12035,12036,12037,137],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[543,12038,12039],{"href":545},"mutable vs immutable types in Python",[49,12041,12043],{"id":12042},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12045,12046,12047,12049],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[61,12048,11294],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[54,12051,12053],{"className":56,"code":12052,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[61,12054,12055,12087,12096,12100,12110,12114,12133,12153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12056,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075,12077,12079,12081,12083,12085],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12058,88],{"class":74},[64,12060,92],{"class":91},[64,12062,1415],{"class":95},[64,12064,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12066,543],{"class":1422},[64,12068,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12070,1117],{"class":95},[64,12072,5465],{"class":99},[64,12074,103],{"class":95},[64,12076,3315],{"class":1418},[64,12078,1235],{"class":1422},[64,12080,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12082,1117],{"class":95},[64,12084,106],{"class":99},[64,12086,9280],{"class":95},[64,12088,12089,12092,12094],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12090,12091],{"class":74},"other_ref ",[64,12093,92],{"class":91},[64,12095,755],{"class":74},[64,12097,12098],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,12099,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,12101,12102,12104,12106,12108],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,12103,147],{"class":74},[64,12105,137],{"class":95},[64,12107,11356],{"class":140},[64,12109,366],{"class":95},[64,12111,12112],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,12113,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,12115,12116,12118,12120,12122,12125,12127,12129,12131],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,12117,212],{"class":211},[64,12119,144],{"class":95},[64,12121,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12123,12124],{"class":1422},"original:",[64,12126,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12128,103],{"class":95},[64,12130,359],{"class":140},[64,12132,150],{"class":95},[64,12134,12135,12137,12139,12141,12144,12146,12148,12151],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,12136,212],{"class":211},[64,12138,144],{"class":95},[64,12140,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12142,12143],{"class":1422},"other_ref:",[64,12145,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12147,103],{"class":95},[64,12149,12150],{"class":140}," other_ref",[64,12152,150],{"class":95},[64,12154,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163,12165],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,12156,212],{"class":211},[64,12158,144],{"class":95},[64,12160,88],{"class":140},[64,12162,877],{"class":70},[64,12164,12150],{"class":140},[64,12166,150],{"class":95},[14,12168,2035],{},[54,12170,12172],{"className":56,"code":12171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[61,12173,12174,12182,12191],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12175,12176,12178,12180],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12177,147],{"class":74},[64,12179,1117],{"class":95},[64,12181,9810],{"class":95},[64,12183,12184,12187,12189],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12185,12186],{"class":74},"other_ref",[64,12188,1117],{"class":95},[64,12190,9810],{"class":95},[64,12192,12193],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,12194,3943],{"class":3816},[14,12196,12197],{},"This shows:",[21,12199,12200,12207,12212],{},[24,12201,12202,40,12204,12206],{},[61,12203,147],{},[61,12205,12186],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[24,12208,12209,12211],{},[61,12210,11294],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[24,12213,12214],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12216,12217],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[54,12219,12221],{"className":56,"code":12220,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[61,12222,12223,12255,12263,12267,12275,12279,12297,12315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12224,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235,12237,12239,12241,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12226,88],{"class":74},[64,12228,92],{"class":91},[64,12230,1415],{"class":95},[64,12232,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12234,543],{"class":1422},[64,12236,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12238,1117],{"class":95},[64,12240,5465],{"class":99},[64,12242,103],{"class":95},[64,12244,3315],{"class":1418},[64,12246,1235],{"class":1422},[64,12248,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12250,1117],{"class":95},[64,12252,106],{"class":99},[64,12254,9280],{"class":95},[64,12256,12257,12259,12261],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12258,12091],{"class":74},[64,12260,92],{"class":91},[64,12262,755],{"class":74},[64,12264,12265],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,12266,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,12268,12269,12271,12273],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,12270,88],{"class":74},[64,12272,92],{"class":91},[64,12274,9810],{"class":95},[64,12276,12277],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,12278,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,12280,12281,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,12282,212],{"class":211},[64,12284,144],{"class":95},[64,12286,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12288,12124],{"class":1422},[64,12290,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12292,103],{"class":95},[64,12294,359],{"class":140},[64,12296,150],{"class":95},[64,12298,12299,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309,12311,12313],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,12300,212],{"class":211},[64,12302,144],{"class":95},[64,12304,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12306,12143],{"class":1422},[64,12308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12310,103],{"class":95},[64,12312,12150],{"class":140},[64,12314,150],{"class":95},[64,12316,12317,12319,12321,12323,12325,12327],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,12318,212],{"class":211},[64,12320,144],{"class":95},[64,12322,88],{"class":140},[64,12324,877],{"class":70},[64,12326,12150],{"class":140},[64,12328,150],{"class":95},[14,12330,2035],{},[54,12332,12334],{"className":56,"code":12333,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[61,12335,12336,12344,12376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12337,12338,12340,12342],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12339,147],{"class":74},[64,12341,1117],{"class":95},[64,12343,9810],{"class":95},[64,12345,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12347,12186],{"class":74},[64,12349,1117],{"class":95},[64,12351,1415],{"class":95},[64,12353,3261],{"class":1418},[64,12355,543],{"class":1422},[64,12357,3261],{"class":1418},[64,12359,1117],{"class":95},[64,12361,5465],{"class":99},[64,12363,103],{"class":95},[64,12365,3256],{"class":1418},[64,12367,1235],{"class":1422},[64,12369,3261],{"class":1418},[64,12371,1117],{"class":95},[64,12373,106],{"class":99},[64,12375,9280],{"class":95},[64,12377,12378],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,12379,4004],{"class":3816},[14,12381,2142],{},[21,12383,12384,12390],{},[24,12385,12386,12389],{},[61,12387,12388],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[24,12391,12392,12394],{},[61,12393,12186],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12396,12397,12398,137],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[543,12399,12400],{"href":1252},[61,12401,1129],{},[49,12403,4925,12405],{"id":12404},"when-to-use-clear",[61,12406,11294],{},[14,12408,12409,12411],{},[61,12410,11294],{}," is useful when you want to:",[21,12413,12414,12417,12420],{},[24,12415,12416],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[24,12418,12419],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[24,12421,12422],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12424,318],{},[54,12426,12428],{"className":56,"code":12427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[61,12429,12430,12439,12455,12475,12488,12492,12496,12501,12512,12516],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12431,12432,12435,12437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12433,12434],{"class":74},"session_data ",[64,12436,92],{"class":91},[64,12438,11467],{"class":95},[64,12440,12441,12443,12446,12448,12450,12453],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12442,11472],{"class":1418},[64,12444,12445],{"class":1422},"user_id",[64,12447,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12449,1117],{"class":95},[64,12451,12452],{"class":99}," 101",[64,12454,11488],{"class":95},[64,12456,12457,12459,12462,12464,12466,12468,12471,12473],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,12458,11472],{"class":1418},[64,12460,12461],{"class":1422},"theme",[64,12463,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12465,1117],{"class":95},[64,12467,3315],{"class":1418},[64,12469,12470],{"class":1422},"dark",[64,12472,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12474,11488],{"class":95},[64,12476,12477,12479,12482,12484,12486],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,12478,11472],{"class":1418},[64,12480,12481],{"class":1422},"logged_in",[64,12483,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12485,1117],{"class":95},[64,12487,6392],{"class":3816},[64,12489,12490],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,12491,9280],{"class":95},[64,12493,12494],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,12495,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,12497,12498],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,12499,12500],{"class":222},"# Reset for a new session\n",[64,12502,12503,12506,12508,12510],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,12504,12505],{"class":74},"session_data",[64,12507,137],{"class":95},[64,12509,11356],{"class":140},[64,12511,366],{"class":95},[64,12513,12514],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,12515,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,12517,12518,12520,12522,12524,12526],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,12519,212],{"class":211},[64,12521,144],{"class":95},[64,12523,12505],{"class":140},[64,12525,219],{"class":95},[64,12527,11371],{"class":222},[14,12529,12530,12531,12537,12538,137,12542,12544,12545,137],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[543,12532,12534],{"href":12533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[61,12535,12536],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[543,12539,12541],{"href":12540},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9818,12543],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[543,12546,12548],{"href":12547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[61,12549,12550],{},"dict.popitem()",[49,12552,1646],{"id":1645},[14,12554,10719,12555,1117],{},[61,12556,11294],{},[21,12558,12559,12565,12570,12573],{},[24,12560,12561,12562,12564],{},"Assigning the result of ",[61,12563,11294],{}," to a variable",[24,12566,8423,12567,12569],{},[61,12568,11294],{}," to return a new dictionary",[24,12571,12572],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[24,12574,12575],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12577,12578],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[54,12580,12582],{"className":56,"code":12581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[61,12583,12584,12594,12608,12622],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12585,12586,12588,12590,12592],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12587,212],{"class":211},[64,12589,144],{"class":95},[64,12591,11423],{"class":140},[64,12593,150],{"class":95},[64,12595,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12606],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12597,212],{"class":211},[64,12599,144],{"class":95},[64,12601,1779],{"class":1778},[64,12603,144],{"class":95},[64,12605,11423],{"class":140},[64,12607,1737],{"class":95},[64,12609,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,12611,212],{"class":211},[64,12613,144],{"class":95},[64,12615,1720],{"class":211},[64,12617,144],{"class":95},[64,12619,11423],{"class":140},[64,12621,1737],{"class":95},[64,12623,12624,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,12625,212],{"class":211},[64,12627,144],{"class":95},[64,12629,12091],{"class":140},[64,12631,877],{"class":70},[64,12633,11740],{"class":140},[64,12635,150],{"class":95},[14,12637,12638],{},"What these show:",[21,12640,12641,12647,12653,12659],{},[24,12642,12643,12646],{},[61,12644,12645],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[24,12648,12649,12652],{},[61,12650,12651],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[24,12654,12655,12658],{},[61,12656,12657],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[24,12660,12661,12664],{},[61,12662,12663],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[49,12666,1826],{"id":1825},[816,12668,12670,12671,12673],{"id":12669},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[61,12672,11294],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12675,12676],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[816,12678,5107,12680,12682],{"id":12679},"what-does-dictclear-return",[61,12681,11300],{}," return?",[14,12684,5113,12685,137],{},[61,12686,3741],{},[816,12688,5145,12690,40,12692,2456],{"id":12689},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[61,12691,11294],{},[61,12693,3755],{},[14,12695,12696,12698,12699,12701],{},[61,12697,11294],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[61,12700,3755],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[816,12703,12670,12705,12707],{"id":12704},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[61,12706,11294],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12709,12710],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[49,12712,1865],{"id":1864},[21,12714,12715,12719,12723,12730,12737,12744,12749],{},[24,12716,12717],{},[543,12718,9127],{"href":9126},[24,12720,12721],{},[543,12722,11215],{"href":9362},[24,12724,12725],{},[543,12726,10709,12727,1248],{"href":12533},[61,12728,12729],{},"pop()",[24,12731,12732],{},[543,12733,10709,12734,1248],{"href":12547},[61,12735,12736],{},"popitem()",[24,12738,12739],{},[543,12740,10709,12741,1248],{"href":1252},[61,12742,12743],{},"copy()",[24,12745,12746],{},[543,12747,12748],{"href":545},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[24,12750,12751],{},[543,12752,12753],{"href":12540},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1898,12755,12756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":12758},[12759,12760,12762,12763,12764,12768,12773,12774,12776,12777,12787],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":11379,"depth":78,"text":12761},"What clear() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":11676,"depth":78,"text":12765,"children":12766},"What clear() returns",[12767],{"id":11789,"depth":85,"text":11790},{"id":11969,"depth":78,"text":12769,"children":12770},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12771,12772],{"id":11356,"depth":85,"text":11294},{"id":11423,"depth":85,"text":12022},{"id":12042,"depth":78,"text":12043},{"id":12404,"depth":78,"text":12775},"When to use clear()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":12778},[12779,12781,12783,12785],{"id":12669,"depth":85,"text":12780},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12679,"depth":85,"text":12782},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12689,"depth":85,"text":12784},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12704,"depth":85,"text":12786},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11285,"description":12788},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12795,"title":12796,"body":12797,"description":14950,"extension":1927,"meta":14951,"navigation":81,"path":14952,"seo":14953,"stem":14954,"__hash__":14955},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12798,"toc":14922},[12799,12804,12809,12818,12820,12908,12912,12953,12958,12965,12983,12992,12994,13015,13018,13030,13032,13111,13115,13156,13158,13161,13288,13292,13372,13375,13393,13396,13400,13406,13408,13419,13421,13614,13618,13723,13726,13744,13747,13753,13758,13762,13776,13778,13905,13909,13989,14002,14008,14011,14019,14023,14147,14151,14225,14230,14358,14362,14436,14439,14453,14457,14461,14475,14477,14612,14616,14685,14687,14692,14714,14717,14823,14826,14837,14843,14845,14851,14854,14861,14864,14871,14879,14883,14886,14888,14919],[10,12800,11291,12802,11295],{"id":12801},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[61,12803,12743],{},[14,12805,12806,12808],{},[61,12807,1129],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12810,12811,12812,12814,12815,12817],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[61,12813,12743],{}," makes a ",[37,12816,39],{},", not a deep copy.",[49,12819,52],{"id":51},[54,12821,12823],{"className":56,"code":12822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[61,12824,12825,12863,12879,12883,12894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12826,12827,12830,12832,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844,12847,12849,12851,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12828,12829],{"class":74},"student ",[64,12831,92],{"class":91},[64,12833,1415],{"class":95},[64,12835,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12837,7637],{"class":1422},[64,12839,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12841,1117],{"class":95},[64,12843,3315],{"class":1418},[64,12845,12846],{"class":1422},"Ana",[64,12848,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12850,103],{"class":95},[64,12852,3315],{"class":1418},[64,12854,9270],{"class":1422},[64,12856,1419],{"class":1418},[64,12858,1117],{"class":95},[64,12860,1437],{"class":99},[64,12862,9280],{"class":95},[64,12864,12865,12868,12870,12873,12875,12877],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12866,12867],{"class":74},"student_copy ",[64,12869,92],{"class":91},[64,12871,12872],{"class":74}," student",[64,12874,137],{"class":95},[64,12876,141],{"class":140},[64,12878,366],{"class":95},[64,12880,12881],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,12882,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,12884,12885,12887,12889,12892],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,12886,212],{"class":211},[64,12888,144],{"class":95},[64,12890,12891],{"class":140},"student_copy",[64,12893,150],{"class":95},[64,12895,12896,12898,12900,12902,12904,12906],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,12897,212],{"class":211},[64,12899,144],{"class":95},[64,12901,12867],{"class":140},[64,12903,877],{"class":70},[64,12905,12872],{"class":140},[64,12907,150],{"class":95},[14,12909,12910],{},[37,12911,2035],{},[54,12913,12915],{"className":56,"code":12914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[61,12916,12917,12949],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,12918,12919,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12920,9249],{"class":95},[64,12922,3261],{"class":1418},[64,12924,7637],{"class":1422},[64,12926,3261],{"class":1418},[64,12928,1117],{"class":95},[64,12930,3256],{"class":1418},[64,12932,12846],{"class":1422},[64,12934,3261],{"class":1418},[64,12936,103],{"class":95},[64,12938,3256],{"class":1418},[64,12940,9270],{"class":1422},[64,12942,3261],{"class":1418},[64,12944,1117],{"class":95},[64,12946,1437],{"class":99},[64,12948,9280],{"class":95},[64,12950,12951],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,12952,4004],{"class":3816},[14,12954,256,12955,12957],{},[61,12956,12743],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[49,12959,12961,12962,12964],{"id":12960},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[61,12963,12743],{}," method does",[21,12966,12967,12972,12975,12980],{},[24,12968,12969,12971],{},[61,12970,1129],{}," returns a new dictionary",[24,12973,12974],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[24,12976,12977,12978],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[61,12979,12743],{},[24,12981,12982],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12984,12985,12986,2839,12989,137],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[543,12987,9127],{"href":12988},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[543,12990,9363],{"href":12991},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[49,12993,2120],{"id":2119},[54,12995,12997],{"className":56,"code":12996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[61,12998,12999],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13000,13001,13004,13006,13009,13011,13013],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13002,13003],{"class":74},"new_dict ",[64,13005,92],{"class":91},[64,13007,13008],{"class":74}," old_dict",[64,13010,137],{"class":95},[64,13012,141],{"class":140},[64,13014,366],{"class":95},[14,13016,13017],{},"Key points:",[21,13019,13020,13024,13027],{},[24,13021,13022,11439],{},[61,13023,12743],{},[24,13025,13026],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[24,13028,13029],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13031,318],{},[54,13033,13035],{"className":56,"code":13034,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[61,13036,13037,13080,13096,13100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13038,13039,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13076,13078],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13040,13041],{"class":74},"colors ",[64,13043,92],{"class":91},[64,13045,1415],{"class":95},[64,13047,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13049,543],{"class":1422},[64,13051,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13053,1117],{"class":95},[64,13055,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13057,13058],{"class":1422},"red",[64,13060,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13062,103],{"class":95},[64,13064,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13066,1235],{"class":1422},[64,13068,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13070,1117],{"class":95},[64,13072,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13074,13075],{"class":1422},"blue",[64,13077,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13079,9280],{"class":95},[64,13081,13082,13085,13087,13090,13092,13094],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,13083,13084],{"class":74},"new_colors ",[64,13086,92],{"class":91},[64,13088,13089],{"class":74}," colors",[64,13091,137],{"class":95},[64,13093,141],{"class":140},[64,13095,366],{"class":95},[64,13097,13098],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,13099,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13101,13102,13104,13106,13109],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,13103,212],{"class":211},[64,13105,144],{"class":95},[64,13107,13108],{"class":140},"new_colors",[64,13110,150],{"class":95},[14,13112,13113],{},[37,13114,2035],{},[54,13116,13118],{"className":56,"code":13117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[61,13119,13120],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13121,13122,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146,13148,13150,13152,13154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13123,9249],{"class":95},[64,13125,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13127,543],{"class":1422},[64,13129,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13131,1117],{"class":95},[64,13133,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13135,13058],{"class":1422},[64,13137,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13139,103],{"class":95},[64,13141,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13143,1235],{"class":1422},[64,13145,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13147,1117],{"class":95},[64,13149,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13151,13075],{"class":1422},[64,13153,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13155,9280],{"class":95},[49,13157,11449],{"id":11448},[14,13159,13160],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[54,13162,13164],{"className":56,"code":13163,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[61,13165,13166,13204,13220,13224,13245,13249,13268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13167,13168,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13169,13170],{"class":74},"person ",[64,13172,92],{"class":91},[64,13174,1415],{"class":95},[64,13176,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13178,7637],{"class":1422},[64,13180,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13182,1117],{"class":95},[64,13184,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13186,13187],{"class":1422},"Liam",[64,13189,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13191,103],{"class":95},[64,13193,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13195,9270],{"class":1422},[64,13197,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13199,1117],{"class":95},[64,13201,9277],{"class":99},[64,13203,9280],{"class":95},[64,13205,13206,13209,13211,13214,13216,13218],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,13207,13208],{"class":74},"person_copy ",[64,13210,92],{"class":91},[64,13212,13213],{"class":74}," person",[64,13215,137],{"class":95},[64,13217,141],{"class":140},[64,13219,366],{"class":95},[64,13221,13222],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,13223,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13225,13226,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13242],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,13227,13228],{"class":74},"person_copy",[64,13230,184],{"class":95},[64,13232,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13234,9270],{"class":1422},[64,13236,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13238,977],{"class":95},[64,13240,13241],{"class":91}," =",[64,13243,13244],{"class":99}," 26\n",[64,13246,13247],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,13248,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13250,13251,13253,13255,13257,13260,13262,13264,13266],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,13252,212],{"class":211},[64,13254,144],{"class":95},[64,13256,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13258,13259],{"class":1422},"Original:",[64,13261,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13263,103],{"class":95},[64,13265,13213],{"class":140},[64,13267,150],{"class":95},[64,13269,13270,13272,13274,13276,13279,13281,13283,13286],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,13271,212],{"class":211},[64,13273,144],{"class":95},[64,13275,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13277,13278],{"class":1422},"Copy:",[64,13280,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13282,103],{"class":95},[64,13284,13285],{"class":140}," person_copy",[64,13287,150],{"class":95},[14,13289,13290],{},[37,13291,2035],{},[54,13293,13295],{"className":56,"code":13294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[61,13296,13297,13334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13298,13299,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13300,13301],{"class":74},"Original",[64,13303,1117],{"class":95},[64,13305,1415],{"class":95},[64,13307,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13309,7637],{"class":1422},[64,13311,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13313,1117],{"class":95},[64,13315,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13317,13187],{"class":1422},[64,13319,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13321,103],{"class":95},[64,13323,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13325,9270],{"class":1422},[64,13327,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13329,1117],{"class":95},[64,13331,9277],{"class":99},[64,13333,9280],{"class":95},[64,13335,13336,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13370],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,13337,13338],{"class":74},"Copy",[64,13340,1117],{"class":95},[64,13342,1415],{"class":95},[64,13344,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13346,7637],{"class":1422},[64,13348,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13350,1117],{"class":95},[64,13352,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13354,13187],{"class":1422},[64,13356,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13358,103],{"class":95},[64,13360,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13362,9270],{"class":1422},[64,13364,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13366,1117],{"class":95},[64,13368,13369],{"class":99}," 26",[64,13371,9280],{"class":95},[14,13373,13374],{},"What happened here:",[21,13376,13377,13383,13390],{},[24,13378,13379,13382],{},[61,13380,13381],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[24,13384,13385,13386,13389],{},"Changing ",[61,13387,13388],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[24,13391,13392],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13394,13395],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[49,13397,13399],{"id":13398},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13401,13402,12814,13404,137],{},[61,13403,12743],{},[37,13405,39],{},[14,13407,304],{},[21,13409,13410,13413,13416],{},[24,13411,13412],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[24,13414,13415],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[24,13417,13418],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13420,318],{},[54,13422,13424],{"className":56,"code":13423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[61,13425,13426,13434,13452,13475,13479,13483,13497,13501,13524,13528,13546,13565,13580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13427,13428,13430,13432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13429,12829],{"class":74},[64,13431,92],{"class":91},[64,13433,11467],{"class":95},[64,13435,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,13437,11472],{"class":1418},[64,13439,7637],{"class":1422},[64,13441,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13443,1117],{"class":95},[64,13445,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13447,12846],{"class":1422},[64,13449,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13451,11488],{"class":95},[64,13453,13454,13456,13459,13461,13463,13465,13468,13470,13473],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,13455,11472],{"class":1418},[64,13457,13458],{"class":1422},"grades",[64,13460,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13462,1117],{"class":95},[64,13464,112],{"class":95},[64,13466,13467],{"class":99},"90",[64,13469,103],{"class":95},[64,13471,13472],{"class":99}," 85",[64,13474,746],{"class":95},[64,13476,13477],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,13478,9280],{"class":95},[64,13480,13481],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,13482,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13484,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,13486,12867],{"class":74},[64,13488,92],{"class":91},[64,13490,12872],{"class":74},[64,13492,137],{"class":95},[64,13494,141],{"class":140},[64,13496,366],{"class":95},[64,13498,13499],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,13500,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13502,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13522],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,13504,12891],{"class":74},[64,13506,184],{"class":95},[64,13508,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13510,13458],{"class":1422},[64,13512,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13514,190],{"class":95},[64,13516,193],{"class":140},[64,13518,144],{"class":95},[64,13520,13521],{"class":99},"100",[64,13523,150],{"class":95},[64,13525,13526],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,13527,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13529,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,13531,212],{"class":211},[64,13533,144],{"class":95},[64,13535,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13537,13259],{"class":1422},[64,13539,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13541,103],{"class":95},[64,13543,12872],{"class":140},[64,13545,150],{"class":95},[64,13547,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13563],{"class":66,"line":241},[64,13549,212],{"class":211},[64,13551,144],{"class":95},[64,13553,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13555,13278],{"class":1422},[64,13557,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13559,103],{"class":95},[64,13561,13562],{"class":140}," student_copy",[64,13564,150],{"class":95},[64,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578],{"class":66,"line":13567},12,[64,13569,212],{"class":211},[64,13571,144],{"class":95},[64,13573,12829],{"class":140},[64,13575,877],{"class":70},[64,13577,13562],{"class":140},[64,13579,150],{"class":95},[64,13581,13583,13585,13587,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612],{"class":66,"line":13582},13,[64,13584,212],{"class":211},[64,13586,144],{"class":95},[64,13588,13589],{"class":140},"student",[64,13591,184],{"class":95},[64,13593,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13595,13458],{"class":1422},[64,13597,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13599,977],{"class":95},[64,13601,980],{"class":70},[64,13603,13562],{"class":140},[64,13605,184],{"class":95},[64,13607,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13609,13458],{"class":1422},[64,13611,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13613,393],{"class":95},[14,13615,13616],{},[37,13617,2035],{},[54,13619,13621],{"className":56,"code":13620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[61,13622,13623,13669,13715,13719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13624,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13626,13301],{"class":74},[64,13628,1117],{"class":95},[64,13630,1415],{"class":95},[64,13632,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13634,7637],{"class":1422},[64,13636,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13638,1117],{"class":95},[64,13640,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13642,12846],{"class":1422},[64,13644,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13646,103],{"class":95},[64,13648,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13650,13458],{"class":1422},[64,13652,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13654,1117],{"class":95},[64,13656,112],{"class":95},[64,13658,13467],{"class":99},[64,13660,103],{"class":95},[64,13662,13472],{"class":99},[64,13664,103],{"class":95},[64,13666,10090],{"class":99},[64,13668,1440],{"class":95},[64,13670,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,13672,13338],{"class":74},[64,13674,1117],{"class":95},[64,13676,1415],{"class":95},[64,13678,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13680,7637],{"class":1422},[64,13682,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13684,1117],{"class":95},[64,13686,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13688,12846],{"class":1422},[64,13690,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13692,103],{"class":95},[64,13694,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13696,13458],{"class":1422},[64,13698,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13700,1117],{"class":95},[64,13702,112],{"class":95},[64,13704,13467],{"class":99},[64,13706,103],{"class":95},[64,13708,13472],{"class":99},[64,13710,103],{"class":95},[64,13712,10090],{"class":99},[64,13714,1440],{"class":95},[64,13716,13717],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,13718,4004],{"class":3816},[64,13720,13721],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,13722,3943],{"class":3816},[14,13724,13725],{},"Notice the difference:",[21,13727,13728,13736],{},[24,13729,13730,4747,13733,13735],{},[61,13731,13732],{},"student is student_copy",[61,13734,3635],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[24,13737,13738,4747,13741,13743],{},[61,13739,13740],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[61,13742,3567],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13745,13746],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13748,13749,13750,137],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[543,13751,13752],{"href":1929},"Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[49,13754,4925,13756],{"id":13755},"when-to-use-copy",[61,13757,12743],{},[14,13759,256,13760,10573],{},[61,13761,12743],{},[21,13763,13764,13767,13770,13773],{},[24,13765,13766],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[24,13768,13769],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[24,13771,13772],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[24,13774,13775],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13777,318],{},[54,13779,13781],{"className":56,"code":13780,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[61,13782,13783,13822,13838,13842,13862,13866,13885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13784,13785,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13813,13815,13817,13820],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13786,13787],{"class":74},"settings ",[64,13789,92],{"class":91},[64,13791,1415],{"class":95},[64,13793,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13795,12461],{"class":1422},[64,13797,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13799,1117],{"class":95},[64,13801,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13803,12470],{"class":1422},[64,13805,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13807,103],{"class":95},[64,13809,3315],{"class":1418},[64,13811,13812],{"class":1422},"font_size",[64,13814,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13816,1117],{"class":95},[64,13818,13819],{"class":99}," 14",[64,13821,9280],{"class":95},[64,13823,13824,13827,13829,13832,13834,13836],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,13825,13826],{"class":74},"settings_backup ",[64,13828,92],{"class":91},[64,13830,13831],{"class":74}," settings",[64,13833,137],{"class":95},[64,13835,141],{"class":140},[64,13837,366],{"class":95},[64,13839,13840],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,13841,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13843,13844,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,13845,13846],{"class":74},"settings",[64,13848,184],{"class":95},[64,13850,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13852,13812],{"class":1422},[64,13854,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13856,977],{"class":95},[64,13858,13241],{"class":91},[64,13860,13861],{"class":99}," 16\n",[64,13863,13864],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,13865,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,13867,13868,13870,13872,13874,13877,13879,13881,13883],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,13869,212],{"class":211},[64,13871,144],{"class":95},[64,13873,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13875,13876],{"class":1422},"Current:",[64,13878,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13880,103],{"class":95},[64,13882,13831],{"class":140},[64,13884,150],{"class":95},[64,13886,13887,13889,13891,13893,13896,13898,13900,13903],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,13888,212],{"class":211},[64,13890,144],{"class":95},[64,13892,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13894,13895],{"class":1422},"Backup:",[64,13897,1419],{"class":1418},[64,13899,103],{"class":95},[64,13901,13902],{"class":140}," settings_backup",[64,13904,150],{"class":95},[14,13906,13907],{},[37,13908,2035],{},[54,13910,13912],{"className":56,"code":13911,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[61,13913,13914,13952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,13915,13916,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13950],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13917,13918],{"class":74},"Current",[64,13920,1117],{"class":95},[64,13922,1415],{"class":95},[64,13924,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13926,12461],{"class":1422},[64,13928,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13930,1117],{"class":95},[64,13932,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13934,12470],{"class":1422},[64,13936,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13938,103],{"class":95},[64,13940,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13942,13812],{"class":1422},[64,13944,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13946,1117],{"class":95},[64,13948,13949],{"class":99}," 16",[64,13951,9280],{"class":95},[64,13953,13954,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,13955,13956],{"class":74},"Backup",[64,13958,1117],{"class":95},[64,13960,1415],{"class":95},[64,13962,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13964,12461],{"class":1422},[64,13966,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13968,1117],{"class":95},[64,13970,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13972,12470],{"class":1422},[64,13974,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13976,103],{"class":95},[64,13978,3256],{"class":1418},[64,13980,13812],{"class":1422},[64,13982,3261],{"class":1418},[64,13984,1117],{"class":95},[64,13986,13819],{"class":99},[64,13988,9280],{"class":95},[14,13990,13991,13992,2839,13998,137],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[543,13993,13995],{"href":13994},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[61,13996,13997],{},"dict.update()",[543,13999,14000],{"href":12790},[61,14001,11300],{},[49,14003,14005,14007],{"id":14004},"copy-vs-assignment",[61,14006,12743],{}," vs assignment",[14,14009,14010],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14012,1654,14013,14015,14016,14018],{},[61,14014,92],{}," does ",[37,14017,300],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[816,14020,14022],{"id":14021},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[54,14024,14026],{"className":56,"code":14025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[61,14027,14028,14060,14068,14072,14092,14096,14114,14133],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14029,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14031,88],{"class":74},[64,14033,92],{"class":91},[64,14035,1415],{"class":95},[64,14037,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14039,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14041,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14043,1117],{"class":95},[64,14045,5465],{"class":99},[64,14047,103],{"class":95},[64,14049,3315],{"class":1418},[64,14051,11719],{"class":1422},[64,14053,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14055,1117],{"class":95},[64,14057,106],{"class":99},[64,14059,9280],{"class":95},[64,14061,14062,14064,14066],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14063,858],{"class":74},[64,14065,92],{"class":91},[64,14067,755],{"class":74},[64,14069,14070],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,14071,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,14073,14074,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,14075,14076],{"class":74},"assigned",[64,14078,184],{"class":95},[64,14080,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14082,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14084,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14086,977],{"class":95},[64,14088,13241],{"class":91},[64,14090,14091],{"class":99}," 99\n",[64,14093,14094],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,14095,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,14097,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,14099,212],{"class":211},[64,14101,144],{"class":95},[64,14103,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14105,13259],{"class":1422},[64,14107,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14109,103],{"class":95},[64,14111,359],{"class":140},[64,14113,150],{"class":95},[64,14115,14116,14118,14120,14122,14125,14127,14129,14131],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,14117,212],{"class":211},[64,14119,144],{"class":95},[64,14121,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14123,14124],{"class":1422},"Assigned:",[64,14126,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14128,103],{"class":95},[64,14130,880],{"class":140},[64,14132,150],{"class":95},[64,14134,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,14136,212],{"class":211},[64,14138,144],{"class":95},[64,14140,88],{"class":140},[64,14142,877],{"class":70},[64,14144,880],{"class":140},[64,14146,150],{"class":95},[14,14148,14149],{},[37,14150,2035],{},[54,14152,14154],{"className":56,"code":14153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[61,14155,14156,14188,14221],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14157,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14159,13301],{"class":74},[64,14161,1117],{"class":95},[64,14163,1415],{"class":95},[64,14165,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14167,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14169,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14171,1117],{"class":95},[64,14173,10169],{"class":99},[64,14175,103],{"class":95},[64,14177,3256],{"class":1418},[64,14179,11719],{"class":1422},[64,14181,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14183,1117],{"class":95},[64,14185,106],{"class":99},[64,14187,9280],{"class":95},[64,14189,14190,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14191,14192],{"class":74},"Assigned",[64,14194,1117],{"class":95},[64,14196,1415],{"class":95},[64,14198,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14200,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14202,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14204,1117],{"class":95},[64,14206,10169],{"class":99},[64,14208,103],{"class":95},[64,14210,3256],{"class":1418},[64,14212,11719],{"class":1422},[64,14214,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14216,1117],{"class":95},[64,14218,106],{"class":99},[64,14220,9280],{"class":95},[64,14222,14223],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,14224,3943],{"class":3816},[816,14226,1654,14228],{"id":14227},"using-copy",[61,14229,12743],{},[54,14231,14233],{"className":56,"code":14232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[61,14234,14235,14267,14281,14285,14303,14307,14325,14344],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14236,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14238,88],{"class":74},[64,14240,92],{"class":91},[64,14242,1415],{"class":95},[64,14244,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14246,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14248,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14250,1117],{"class":95},[64,14252,5465],{"class":99},[64,14254,103],{"class":95},[64,14256,3315],{"class":1418},[64,14258,11719],{"class":1422},[64,14260,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14262,1117],{"class":95},[64,14264,106],{"class":99},[64,14266,9280],{"class":95},[64,14268,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14270,354],{"class":74},[64,14272,92],{"class":91},[64,14274,359],{"class":74},[64,14276,137],{"class":95},[64,14278,141],{"class":140},[64,14280,366],{"class":95},[64,14282,14283],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,14284,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,14286,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,14288,375],{"class":74},[64,14290,184],{"class":95},[64,14292,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14294,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14296,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14298,977],{"class":95},[64,14300,13241],{"class":91},[64,14302,14091],{"class":99},[64,14304,14305],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,14306,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,14308,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,14310,212],{"class":211},[64,14312,144],{"class":95},[64,14314,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14316,13259],{"class":1422},[64,14318,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14320,103],{"class":95},[64,14322,359],{"class":140},[64,14324,150],{"class":95},[64,14326,14327,14329,14331,14333,14336,14338,14340,14342],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,14328,212],{"class":211},[64,14330,144],{"class":95},[64,14332,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14334,14335],{"class":1422},"Copied:",[64,14337,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14339,103],{"class":95},[64,14341,1694],{"class":140},[64,14343,150],{"class":95},[64,14345,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,14347,212],{"class":211},[64,14349,144],{"class":95},[64,14351,88],{"class":140},[64,14353,877],{"class":70},[64,14355,1694],{"class":140},[64,14357,150],{"class":95},[14,14359,14360],{},[37,14361,2035],{},[54,14363,14365],{"className":56,"code":14364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[61,14366,14367,14399,14432],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14368,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14370,13301],{"class":74},[64,14372,1117],{"class":95},[64,14374,1415],{"class":95},[64,14376,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14378,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14380,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14382,1117],{"class":95},[64,14384,5465],{"class":99},[64,14386,103],{"class":95},[64,14388,3256],{"class":1418},[64,14390,11719],{"class":1422},[64,14392,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14394,1117],{"class":95},[64,14396,106],{"class":99},[64,14398,9280],{"class":95},[64,14400,14401,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14402,14403],{"class":74},"Copied",[64,14405,1117],{"class":95},[64,14407,1415],{"class":95},[64,14409,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14411,2137],{"class":1422},[64,14413,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14415,1117],{"class":95},[64,14417,10169],{"class":99},[64,14419,103],{"class":95},[64,14421,3256],{"class":1418},[64,14423,11719],{"class":1422},[64,14425,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14427,1117],{"class":95},[64,14429,106],{"class":99},[64,14431,9280],{"class":95},[64,14433,14434],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,14435,4004],{"class":3816},[14,14437,14438],{},"Summary:",[21,14440,14441,14447],{},[24,14442,14443,14446],{},[61,14444,14445],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[24,14448,14449,14452],{},[61,14450,14451],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[49,14454,14456],{"id":14455},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14458,14459,1117],{},[61,14460,12743],{},[21,14462,14463,14466,14469,14472],{},[24,14464,14465],{},"Returns a dictionary",[24,14467,14468],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[24,14470,14471],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[24,14473,14474],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14476,318],{},[54,14478,14480],{"className":56,"code":14479,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[61,14481,14482,14514,14530,14534,14552,14571,14575,14593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14483,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508,14510,14512],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14485,9137],{"class":74},[64,14487,92],{"class":91},[64,14489,1415],{"class":95},[64,14491,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14493,543],{"class":1422},[64,14495,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14497,1117],{"class":95},[64,14499,5465],{"class":99},[64,14501,103],{"class":95},[64,14503,3315],{"class":1418},[64,14505,1235],{"class":1422},[64,14507,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14509,1117],{"class":95},[64,14511,106],{"class":99},[64,14513,9280],{"class":95},[64,14515,14516,14519,14521,14524,14526,14528],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14517,14518],{"class":74},"data_copy ",[64,14520,92],{"class":91},[64,14522,14523],{"class":74}," data",[64,14525,137],{"class":95},[64,14527,141],{"class":140},[64,14529,366],{"class":95},[64,14531,14532],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,14533,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,14535,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,14537,9176],{"class":74},[64,14539,184],{"class":95},[64,14541,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14543,543],{"class":1422},[64,14545,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14547,977],{"class":95},[64,14549,13241],{"class":91},[64,14551,1583],{"class":99},[64,14553,14554,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,14555,14556],{"class":74},"data_copy",[64,14558,184],{"class":95},[64,14560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14562,1235],{"class":1422},[64,14564,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14566,977],{"class":95},[64,14568,13241],{"class":91},[64,14570,1605],{"class":99},[64,14572,14573],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,14574,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,14576,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,14578,212],{"class":211},[64,14580,144],{"class":95},[64,14582,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14584,13259],{"class":1422},[64,14586,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14588,103],{"class":95},[64,14590,14523],{"class":140},[64,14592,150],{"class":95},[64,14594,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14610],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,14596,212],{"class":211},[64,14598,144],{"class":95},[64,14600,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14602,13278],{"class":1422},[64,14604,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14606,103],{"class":95},[64,14608,14609],{"class":140}," data_copy",[64,14611,150],{"class":95},[14,14613,14614],{},[37,14615,2035],{},[54,14617,14619],{"className":56,"code":14618,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[61,14620,14621,14653],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14622,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14624,13301],{"class":74},[64,14626,1117],{"class":95},[64,14628,1415],{"class":95},[64,14630,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14632,543],{"class":1422},[64,14634,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14636,1117],{"class":95},[64,14638,5973],{"class":99},[64,14640,103],{"class":95},[64,14642,3256],{"class":1418},[64,14644,1235],{"class":1422},[64,14646,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14648,1117],{"class":95},[64,14650,106],{"class":99},[64,14652,9280],{"class":95},[64,14654,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14656,13338],{"class":74},[64,14658,1117],{"class":95},[64,14660,1415],{"class":95},[64,14662,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14664,543],{"class":1422},[64,14666,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14668,1117],{"class":95},[64,14670,5465],{"class":99},[64,14672,103],{"class":95},[64,14674,3256],{"class":1418},[64,14676,1235],{"class":1422},[64,14678,3261],{"class":1418},[64,14680,1117],{"class":95},[64,14682,1437],{"class":99},[64,14684,9280],{"class":95},[49,14686,1646],{"id":1645},[14,14688,14689,14690,1117],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[61,14691,1129],{},[21,14693,14694,14701,14706,14711],{},[24,14695,1654,14696,11064,14698,14700],{},[61,14697,92],{},[61,14699,12743],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[24,14702,4544,14703,14705],{},[61,14704,12743],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[24,14707,14708,14709],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[61,14710,12743],{},[24,14712,14713],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14715,14716],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[54,14718,14720],{"className":56,"code":14719,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[61,14721,14722,14732,14742,14756,14778,14801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14723,14724,14726,14728,14730],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14725,212],{"class":211},[64,14727,144],{"class":95},[64,14729,147],{"class":140},[64,14731,150],{"class":95},[64,14733,14734,14736,14738,14740],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14735,212],{"class":211},[64,14737,144],{"class":95},[64,14739,375],{"class":140},[64,14741,150],{"class":95},[64,14743,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,14745,212],{"class":211},[64,14747,144],{"class":95},[64,14749,88],{"class":140},[64,14751,877],{"class":70},[64,14753,1694],{"class":140},[64,14755,150],{"class":95},[64,14757,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,14759,212],{"class":211},[64,14761,144],{"class":95},[64,14763,1720],{"class":211},[64,14765,144],{"class":95},[64,14767,147],{"class":140},[64,14769,1727],{"class":95},[64,14771,1730],{"class":211},[64,14773,144],{"class":95},[64,14775,375],{"class":140},[64,14777,1737],{"class":95},[64,14779,14780,14782,14784,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14797,14799],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,14781,212],{"class":211},[64,14783,144],{"class":95},[64,14785,1720],{"class":211},[64,14787,144],{"class":95},[64,14789,147],{"class":140},[64,14791,184],{"class":95},[64,14793,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14795,14796],{"class":1422},"key",[64,14798,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14800,1769],{"class":95},[64,14802,14803,14805,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,14804,212],{"class":211},[64,14806,144],{"class":95},[64,14808,1720],{"class":211},[64,14810,144],{"class":95},[64,14812,375],{"class":140},[64,14814,184],{"class":95},[64,14816,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14818,14796],{"class":1422},[64,14820,1419],{"class":1418},[64,14822,1769],{"class":95},[14,14824,14825],{},"What these help you check:",[21,14827,14828,14831,14834],{},[24,14829,14830],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[24,14832,14833],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[24,14835,14836],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14838,14839,14840,137],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[543,14841,1370],{"href":14842},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python",[49,14844,1826],{"id":1825},[816,14846,12670,14848,14850],{"id":14847},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[61,14849,1129],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14852,14853],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[816,14855,14857,14858,14860],{"id":14856},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[61,14859,1129],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14862,14863],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[816,14865,5145,14867,40,14869,2456],{"id":14866},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[61,14868,12743],{},[61,14870,92],{},[14,14872,14873,14875,14876,14878],{},[61,14874,12743],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[61,14877,92],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[816,14880,14882],{"id":14881},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14884,14885],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[49,14887,1865],{"id":1864},[21,14889,14890,14894,14898,14902,14909,14915],{},[24,14891,14892],{},[543,14893,11215],{"href":12991},[24,14895,14896],{},[543,14897,9127],{"href":12988},[24,14899,14900],{},[543,14901,13752],{"href":1929},[24,14903,14904],{},[543,14905,10709,14906,1248],{"href":13994},[61,14907,14908],{},"update()",[24,14910,14911],{},[543,14912,10709,14913,1248],{"href":12790},[61,14914,11294],{},[24,14916,14917],{},[543,14918,1890],{"href":14842},[1898,14920,14921],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":14923},[14924,14925,14927,14928,14929,14930,14932,14938,14939,14940,14949],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":12960,"depth":78,"text":14926},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":13398,"depth":78,"text":13399},{"id":13755,"depth":78,"text":14931},"When to use copy()",{"id":14004,"depth":78,"text":14933,"children":14934},"copy() vs assignment",[14935,14936],{"id":14021,"depth":85,"text":14022},{"id":14227,"depth":85,"text":14937},"Using copy()",{"id":14455,"depth":78,"text":14456},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":14941},[14942,14944,14946,14948],{"id":14847,"depth":85,"text":14943},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14856,"depth":85,"text":14945},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14866,"depth":85,"text":14947},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14881,"depth":85,"text":14882},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12796,"description":14950},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14957,"title":14958,"body":14959,"description":17156,"extension":1927,"meta":17157,"navigation":81,"path":12991,"seo":17158,"stem":17159,"__hash__":17160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14960,"toc":17118},[14961,14964,14970,14979,14981,15057,15061,15110,15113,15117,15131,15134,15138,15150,15153,15186,15200,15203,15215,15219,15222,15230,15310,15314,15367,15371,15389,15391,15473,15476,15478,15481,15484,15507,15531,15535,15543,15546,15550,15559,15564,15622,15626,15659,15665,15671,15674,15729,15733,15783,15786,15792,15795,15803,15805,15850,15855,15864,15867,15870,15917,15919,15924,15927,16021,16025,16078,16081,16137,16140,16144,16147,16161,16165,16231,16235,16260,16263,16267,16344,16348,16351,16354,16374,16377,16430,16434,16437,16440,16453,16455,16544,16551,16554,16565,16567,16570,16590,16594,16597,16606,16609,16648,16652,16654,16663,16672,16674,16712,16716,16763,16767,16788,16792,16795,16907,16912,17010,17032,17034,17038,17045,17049,17055,17059,17062,17066,17069,17076,17084,17086,17112,17115],[10,14962,14958],{"id":14963},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14965,14966,14967,14969],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[37,14968,9103],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14971,14972,14973,2839,14975,137],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[543,14974,9127],{"href":9126},[543,14976,14978],{"href":14977},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[49,14980,52],{"id":51},[54,14982,14984],{"className":56,"code":14983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[61,14985,14986,14994,15012,15026,15039,15043,15047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,14987,14988,14990,14992],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14989,12829],{"class":74},[64,14991,92],{"class":91},[64,14993,11467],{"class":95},[64,14995,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,14997,11472],{"class":1418},[64,14999,7637],{"class":1422},[64,15001,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15003,1117],{"class":95},[64,15005,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15007,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15009,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15011,11488],{"class":95},[64,15013,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,15015,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15017,9270],{"class":1422},[64,15019,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15021,1117],{"class":95},[64,15023,1437],{"class":99},[64,15025,11488],{"class":95},[64,15027,15028,15030,15033,15035,15037],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,15029,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15031,15032],{"class":1422},"is_active",[64,15034,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15036,1117],{"class":95},[64,15038,6392],{"class":3816},[64,15040,15041],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,15042,9280],{"class":95},[64,15044,15045],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,15046,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,15048,15049,15051,15053,15055],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,15050,212],{"class":211},[64,15052,144],{"class":95},[64,15054,13589],{"class":140},[64,15056,150],{"class":95},[14,15058,15059],{},[37,15060,2035],{},[54,15062,15064],{"className":56,"code":15063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[61,15065,15066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15067,15068,15070,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106,15108],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15069,9249],{"class":95},[64,15071,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15073,7637],{"class":1422},[64,15075,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15077,1117],{"class":95},[64,15079,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15081,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15083,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15085,103],{"class":95},[64,15087,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15089,9270],{"class":1422},[64,15091,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15093,1117],{"class":95},[64,15095,1437],{"class":99},[64,15097,103],{"class":95},[64,15099,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15101,15032],{"class":1422},[64,15103,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15105,1117],{"class":95},[64,15107,3879],{"class":3816},[64,15109,9280],{"class":95},[14,15111,15112],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[49,15114,15116],{"id":15115},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[21,15118,15119,15122,15125,15128],{},[24,15120,15121],{},"What a dictionary is",[24,15123,15124],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[24,15126,15127],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[24,15129,15130],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[49,15132,15121],{"id":15133},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15135,9100,15136,137],{},[37,15137,9103],{},[21,15139,15140,15145],{},[24,15141,294,15142,15144],{},[37,15143,14796],{}," is the label",[24,15146,294,15147,15149],{},[37,15148,2436],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15151,15152],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[54,15154,15156],{"className":56,"code":15155,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[61,15157,15158,15166,15182],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15159,15160,15162,15164],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15161,12829],{"class":74},[64,15163,92],{"class":91},[64,15165,11467],{"class":95},[64,15167,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178,15180],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15169,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15171,7637],{"class":1422},[64,15173,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15175,1117],{"class":95},[64,15177,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15179,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15181,3321],{"class":1418},[64,15183,15184],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,15185,9280],{"class":95},[21,15187,15188,15194],{},[24,15189,15190,15193],{},[61,15191,15192],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[24,15195,15196,15199],{},[61,15197,15198],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15201,15202],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[21,15204,15205,15207,15209,15212],{},[24,15206,7637],{},[24,15208,9270],{},[24,15210,15211],{},"email",[24,15213,15214],{},"country",[49,15216,15218],{"id":15217},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15220,15221],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15223,256,15224,15226,15227,137],{},[61,15225,3755],{}," and write each item as ",[61,15228,15229],{},"key: value",[54,15231,15233],{"className":56,"code":15232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[61,15234,15235,15243,15261,15275,15292,15296,15300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15236,15237,15239,15241],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15238,12829],{"class":74},[64,15240,92],{"class":91},[64,15242,11467],{"class":95},[64,15244,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255,15257,15259],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15246,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15248,7637],{"class":1422},[64,15250,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15252,1117],{"class":95},[64,15254,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15256,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15258,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15260,11488],{"class":95},[64,15262,15263,15265,15267,15269,15271,15273],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,15264,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15266,9270],{"class":1422},[64,15268,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15270,1117],{"class":95},[64,15272,1437],{"class":99},[64,15274,11488],{"class":95},[64,15276,15277,15279,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,15278,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15280,15281],{"class":1422},"course",[64,15283,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15285,1117],{"class":95},[64,15287,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15289,7265],{"class":1422},[64,15291,3321],{"class":1418},[64,15293,15294],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,15295,9280],{"class":95},[64,15297,15298],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,15299,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,15301,15302,15304,15306,15308],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,15303,212],{"class":211},[64,15305,144],{"class":95},[64,15307,13589],{"class":140},[64,15309,150],{"class":95},[14,15311,15312],{},[37,15313,2035],{},[54,15315,15317],{"className":56,"code":15316,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[61,15318,15319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15320,15321,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15322,9249],{"class":95},[64,15324,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15326,7637],{"class":1422},[64,15328,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15330,1117],{"class":95},[64,15332,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15334,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15336,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15338,103],{"class":95},[64,15340,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15342,9270],{"class":1422},[64,15344,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15346,1117],{"class":95},[64,15348,1437],{"class":99},[64,15350,103],{"class":95},[64,15352,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15354,15281],{"class":1422},[64,15356,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15358,1117],{"class":95},[64,15360,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15362,7265],{"class":1422},[64,15364,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15366,9280],{"class":95},[816,15368,15370],{"id":15369},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[21,15372,15373,15378,15383,15386],{},[24,15374,256,15375,15377],{},[61,15376,3755],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[24,15379,15380,15381],{},"Write each item as ",[61,15382,15229],{},[24,15384,15385],{},"Separate items with commas",[24,15387,15388],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15390,318],{},[54,15392,15394],{"className":56,"code":15393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[61,15395,15396,15405,15425,15441,15454,15458,15462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15397,15398,15401,15403],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15399,15400],{"class":74},"book ",[64,15402,92],{"class":91},[64,15404,11467],{"class":95},[64,15406,15407,15409,15412,15414,15416,15418,15421,15423],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15408,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15410,15411],{"class":1422},"title",[64,15413,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15415,1117],{"class":95},[64,15417,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15419,15420],{"class":1422},"Python Basics",[64,15422,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15424,11488],{"class":95},[64,15426,15427,15429,15432,15434,15436,15439],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,15428,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15430,15431],{"class":1422},"pages",[64,15433,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15435,1117],{"class":95},[64,15437,15438],{"class":99}," 150",[64,15440,11488],{"class":95},[64,15442,15443,15445,15448,15450,15452],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,15444,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15446,15447],{"class":1422},"available",[64,15449,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15451,1117],{"class":95},[64,15453,6392],{"class":3816},[64,15455,15456],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,15457,9280],{"class":95},[64,15459,15460],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,15461,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,15463,15464,15466,15468,15471],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,15465,212],{"class":211},[64,15467,144],{"class":95},[64,15469,15470],{"class":140},"book",[64,15472,150],{"class":95},[14,15474,15475],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[49,15477,9374],{"id":9373},[14,15479,15480],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15482,15483],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[54,15485,15487],{"className":56,"code":15486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[61,15488,15489,15497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15490,15491,15493,15495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15492,9137],{"class":74},[64,15494,92],{"class":91},[64,15496,9810],{"class":95},[64,15498,15499,15501,15503,15505],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15500,212],{"class":211},[64,15502,144],{"class":95},[64,15504,9176],{"class":140},[64,15506,150],{"class":95},[54,15508,15509],{"className":56,"code":9377,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,15510,15511,15521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15512,15513,15515,15517,15519],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15514,9137],{"class":74},[64,15516,92],{"class":91},[64,15518,9142],{"class":1778},[64,15520,366],{"class":95},[64,15522,15523,15525,15527,15529],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15524,212],{"class":211},[64,15526,144],{"class":95},[64,15528,9176],{"class":140},[64,15530,150],{"class":95},[14,15532,15533],{},[37,15534,2035],{},[54,15536,15537],{"className":56,"code":9406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,15538,15539],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15540,15541],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15542,9406],{"class":95},[14,15544,15545],{},"Both are correct.",[816,15547,15549],{"id":15548},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15551,15552,15554,15555,15558],{},[61,15553,3755],{}," creates an empty ",[37,15556,15557],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15560,15561,15562,137],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[61,15563,3760],{},[54,15565,15567],{"className":56,"code":15566,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[61,15568,15569,15577,15589,15593,15607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15570,15571,15573,15575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15572,11698],{"class":74},[64,15574,92],{"class":91},[64,15576,9810],{"class":95},[64,15578,15579,15582,15584,15587],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15580,15581],{"class":74},"my_set ",[64,15583,92],{"class":91},[64,15585,15586],{"class":1778}," set",[64,15588,366],{"class":95},[64,15590,15591],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,15592,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,15594,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,15596,212],{"class":211},[64,15598,144],{"class":95},[64,15600,1779],{"class":1778},[64,15602,144],{"class":95},[64,15604,11423],{"class":140},[64,15606,1737],{"class":95},[64,15608,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617,15620],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,15610,212],{"class":211},[64,15612,144],{"class":95},[64,15614,1779],{"class":1778},[64,15616,144],{"class":95},[64,15618,15619],{"class":140},"my_set",[64,15621,1737],{"class":95},[14,15623,15624],{},[37,15625,2035],{},[54,15627,15629],{"className":56,"code":15628,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[61,15630,15631,15645],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15632,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15643],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15634,3250],{"class":91},[64,15636,3253],{"class":2029},[64,15638,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15640,8792],{"class":1422},[64,15642,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15644,3264],{"class":91},[64,15646,15647,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15648,3250],{"class":91},[64,15650,3253],{"class":2029},[64,15652,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15654,6256],{"class":1422},[64,15656,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15658,3264],{"class":91},[49,15660,15662,15663],{"id":15661},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[61,15664,9091],{},[14,15666,15667,15668,15670],{},"You can also use ",[61,15669,9091],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15672,15673],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[54,15675,15677],{"className":56,"code":15676,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[61,15678,15679,15719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15680,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705,15708,15710,15713,15715,15717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15682,12829],{"class":74},[64,15684,92],{"class":91},[64,15686,9142],{"class":1778},[64,15688,144],{"class":95},[64,15690,7637],{"class":9147},[64,15692,92],{"class":91},[64,15694,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15696,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15698,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15700,103],{"class":95},[64,15702,9160],{"class":9147},[64,15704,92],{"class":91},[64,15706,15707],{"class":99},"20",[64,15709,103],{"class":95},[64,15711,15712],{"class":9147}," active",[64,15714,92],{"class":91},[64,15716,3567],{"class":3816},[64,15718,150],{"class":95},[64,15720,15721,15723,15725,15727],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15722,212],{"class":211},[64,15724,144],{"class":95},[64,15726,13589],{"class":140},[64,15728,150],{"class":95},[14,15730,15731],{},[37,15732,2035],{},[54,15734,15736],{"className":56,"code":15735,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[61,15737,15738],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15739,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15775,15777,15779,15781],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15741,9249],{"class":95},[64,15743,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15745,7637],{"class":1422},[64,15747,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15749,1117],{"class":95},[64,15751,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15753,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15755,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15757,103],{"class":95},[64,15759,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15761,9270],{"class":1422},[64,15763,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15765,1117],{"class":95},[64,15767,1437],{"class":99},[64,15769,103],{"class":95},[64,15771,3256],{"class":1418},[64,15773,15774],{"class":1422},"active",[64,15776,3261],{"class":1418},[64,15778,1117],{"class":95},[64,15780,3879],{"class":3816},[64,15782,9280],{"class":95},[14,15784,15785],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[816,15787,15789,15790],{"id":15788},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[61,15791,9091],{},[14,15793,15794],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[21,15796,15797,15800],{},[24,15798,15799],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[24,15801,15802],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15804,6655],{},[54,15806,15808],{"className":56,"code":15807,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[61,15809,15810,15840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15811,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15813,11462],{"class":74},[64,15815,92],{"class":91},[64,15817,9142],{"class":1778},[64,15819,144],{"class":95},[64,15821,7637],{"class":9147},[64,15823,92],{"class":91},[64,15825,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15827,7646],{"class":1422},[64,15829,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15831,103],{"class":95},[64,15833,9160],{"class":9147},[64,15835,92],{"class":91},[64,15837,9165],{"class":99},[64,15839,150],{"class":95},[64,15841,15842,15844,15846,15848],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15843,212],{"class":211},[64,15845,144],{"class":95},[64,15847,11556],{"class":140},[64,15849,150],{"class":95},[14,15851,4593,15852,15854],{},[37,15853,300],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[54,15856,15858],{"className":56,"code":15857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[61,15859,15860],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15861,15862],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15863,15857],{"class":222},[14,15865,15866],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15868,15869],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[54,15871,15873],{"className":56,"code":15872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[61,15874,15875,15883,15899,15903,15907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15876,15877,15879,15881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15878,11462],{"class":74},[64,15880,92],{"class":91},[64,15882,11467],{"class":95},[64,15884,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15886,11472],{"class":1418},[64,15888,10467],{"class":1422},[64,15890,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15892,1117],{"class":95},[64,15894,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15896,7646],{"class":1422},[64,15898,3321],{"class":1418},[64,15900,15901],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,15902,9280],{"class":95},[64,15904,15905],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,15906,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,15908,15909,15911,15913,15915],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,15910,212],{"class":211},[64,15912,144],{"class":95},[64,15914,11556],{"class":140},[64,15916,150],{"class":95},[49,15918,9416],{"id":9415},[14,15920,15921,15923],{},[61,15922,9091],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15925,15926],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[54,15928,15930],{"className":56,"code":15929,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[61,15931,15932,15989,15993,16007,16011],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,15933,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15980,15982,15985,15987],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15935,9187],{"class":74},[64,15937,92],{"class":91},[64,15939,9192],{"class":95},[64,15941,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15943,7637],{"class":1422},[64,15945,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15947,103],{"class":95},[64,15949,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15951,12846],{"class":1422},[64,15953,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15955,1727],{"class":95},[64,15957,9207],{"class":95},[64,15959,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15961,9270],{"class":1422},[64,15963,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15965,103],{"class":95},[64,15967,1437],{"class":99},[64,15969,1727],{"class":95},[64,15971,9207],{"class":95},[64,15973,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15975,10381],{"class":1422},[64,15977,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15979,103],{"class":95},[64,15981,3315],{"class":1418},[64,15983,15984],{"class":1422},"Lima",[64,15986,1419],{"class":1418},[64,15988,9220],{"class":95},[64,15990,15991],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,15992,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,15994,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,15996,12829],{"class":74},[64,15998,92],{"class":91},[64,16000,9142],{"class":1778},[64,16002,144],{"class":95},[64,16004,9233],{"class":140},[64,16006,150],{"class":95},[64,16008,16009],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,16010,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,16012,16013,16015,16017,16019],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,16014,212],{"class":211},[64,16016,144],{"class":95},[64,16018,13589],{"class":140},[64,16020,150],{"class":95},[14,16022,16023],{},[37,16024,2035],{},[54,16026,16028],{"className":56,"code":16027,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[61,16029,16030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16031,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16033,9249],{"class":95},[64,16035,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16037,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16039,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16041,1117],{"class":95},[64,16043,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16045,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16047,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16049,103],{"class":95},[64,16051,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16053,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16055,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16057,1117],{"class":95},[64,16059,1437],{"class":99},[64,16061,103],{"class":95},[64,16063,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16065,10381],{"class":1422},[64,16067,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16069,1117],{"class":95},[64,16071,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16073,15984],{"class":1422},[64,16075,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16077,9280],{"class":95},[14,16079,16080],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[54,16082,16084],{"className":56,"code":16083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[61,16085,16086,16127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16087,16088,16090,16092,16094,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16089,12829],{"class":74},[64,16091,92],{"class":91},[64,16093,9142],{"class":1778},[64,16095,16096],{"class":95},"(((",[64,16098,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16100,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16102,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16104,103],{"class":95},[64,16106,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16108,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16110,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16112,1727],{"class":95},[64,16114,9207],{"class":95},[64,16116,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16118,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16120,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16122,103],{"class":95},[64,16124,1437],{"class":99},[64,16126,2873],{"class":95},[64,16128,16129,16131,16133,16135],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16130,212],{"class":211},[64,16132,144],{"class":95},[64,16134,13589],{"class":140},[64,16136,150],{"class":95},[14,16138,16139],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[49,16141,16143],{"id":16142},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16145,16146],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[21,16148,16149,16152,16155,16158],{},[24,16150,16151],{},"Keys must be unique",[24,16153,16154],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[24,16156,16157],{},"Values can repeat",[24,16159,16160],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[816,16162,16164],{"id":16163},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[54,16166,16168],{"className":56,"code":16167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[61,16169,16170,16178,16196,16213,16217,16221],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16171,16172,16174,16176],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16173,9137],{"class":74},[64,16175,92],{"class":91},[64,16177,11467],{"class":95},[64,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16181,11472],{"class":1418},[64,16183,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16185,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16187,1117],{"class":95},[64,16189,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16191,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16193,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16195,11488],{"class":95},[64,16197,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16211],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,16199,11472],{"class":1418},[64,16201,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16203,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16205,1117],{"class":95},[64,16207,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16209,16210],{"class":1422},"Maria",[64,16212,3321],{"class":1418},[64,16214,16215],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,16216,9280],{"class":95},[64,16218,16219],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,16220,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,16222,16223,16225,16227,16229],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,16224,212],{"class":211},[64,16226,144],{"class":95},[64,16228,9176],{"class":140},[64,16230,150],{"class":95},[14,16232,16233],{},[37,16234,2035],{},[54,16236,16238],{"className":56,"code":16237,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[61,16239,16240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16241,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16258],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16243,9249],{"class":95},[64,16245,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16247,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16249,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16251,1117],{"class":95},[64,16253,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16255,16210],{"class":1422},[64,16257,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16259,9280],{"class":95},[14,16261,16262],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[816,16264,16266],{"id":16265},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[54,16268,16270],{"className":56,"code":16269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[61,16271,16272,16280,16296,16312,16326,16330,16334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16273,16274,16276,16278],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16275,5028],{"class":74},[64,16277,92],{"class":91},[64,16279,11467],{"class":95},[64,16281,16282,16285,16287,16289,16292,16294],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16283,16284],{"class":99},"    1",[64,16286,1117],{"class":95},[64,16288,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16290,16291],{"class":1422},"low",[64,16293,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16295,11488],{"class":95},[64,16297,16298,16301,16303,16305,16308,16310],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,16299,16300],{"class":99},"    2",[64,16302,1117],{"class":95},[64,16304,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16306,16307],{"class":1422},"medium",[64,16309,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16311,11488],{"class":95},[64,16313,16314,16317,16319,16321,16324],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,16315,16316],{"class":99},"    3",[64,16318,1117],{"class":95},[64,16320,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16322,16323],{"class":1422},"high",[64,16325,3321],{"class":1418},[64,16327,16328],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,16329,9280],{"class":95},[64,16331,16332],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,16333,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,16335,16336,16338,16340,16342],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,16337,212],{"class":211},[64,16339,144],{"class":95},[64,16341,1423],{"class":140},[64,16343,150],{"class":95},[816,16345,16347],{"id":16346},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16349,16350],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16352,16353],{},"This will cause an error:",[54,16355,16357],{"className":56,"code":16356,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[61,16358,16359,16364,16369],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16360,16361],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16362,16363],{"class":222},"# bad = {\n",[64,16365,16366],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16367,16368],{"class":222},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[64,16370,16371],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,16372,16373],{"class":222},"# }\n",[14,16375,16376],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[54,16378,16380],{"className":56,"code":16379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[61,16381,16382,16391,16411,16415,16419],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16383,16384,16387,16389],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16385,16386],{"class":74},"good ",[64,16388,92],{"class":91},[64,16390,11467],{"class":95},[64,16392,16393,16396,16398,16400,16402,16405,16407,16409],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16394,16395],{"class":95},"    (",[64,16397,100],{"class":99},[64,16399,103],{"class":95},[64,16401,106],{"class":99},[64,16403,16404],{"class":95},"):",[64,16406,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16408,3611],{"class":1422},[64,16410,3321],{"class":1418},[64,16412,16413],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,16414,9280],{"class":95},[64,16416,16417],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,16418,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,16420,16421,16423,16425,16428],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,16422,212],{"class":211},[64,16424,144],{"class":95},[64,16426,16427],{"class":140},"good",[64,16429,150],{"class":95},[49,16431,16433],{"id":16432},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16435,16436],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16438,16439],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[21,16441,16442,16445,16447,16450],{},[24,16443,16444],{},"user data",[24,16446,13846],{},[24,16448,16449],{},"counters",[24,16451,16452],{},"lookups",[14,16454,318],{},[54,16456,16458],{"className":56,"code":16457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[61,16459,16460,16468,16487,16506,16518,16522,16526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16461,16462,16464,16466],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16463,11462],{"class":74},[64,16465,92],{"class":91},[64,16467,11467],{"class":95},[64,16469,16470,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16483,16485],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16471,11472],{"class":1418},[64,16473,7955],{"class":1422},[64,16475,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16477,1117],{"class":95},[64,16479,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16481,16482],{"class":1422},"ana123",[64,16484,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16486,11488],{"class":95},[64,16488,16489,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499,16502,16504],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,16490,11472],{"class":1418},[64,16492,15211],{"class":1422},[64,16494,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16496,1117],{"class":95},[64,16498,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16500,16501],{"class":1422},"ana@example.com",[64,16503,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16505,11488],{"class":95},[64,16507,16508,16510,16512,16514,16516],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,16509,11472],{"class":1418},[64,16511,12481],{"class":1422},[64,16513,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16515,1117],{"class":95},[64,16517,6392],{"class":3816},[64,16519,16520],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,16521,9280],{"class":95},[64,16523,16524],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,16525,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,16527,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536,16538,16540,16542],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,16529,212],{"class":211},[64,16531,144],{"class":95},[64,16533,11556],{"class":140},[64,16535,184],{"class":95},[64,16537,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16539,15211],{"class":1422},[64,16541,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16543,393],{"class":95},[14,16545,16546,16547,137],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[543,16548,16550],{"href":16549},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16552,16553],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[21,16555,16556,16559,16562],{},[24,16557,16558],{},"labels are not needed",[24,16560,16561],{},"you mostly care about position",[24,16563,16564],{},"order matters more than named fields",[49,16566,1646],{"id":1645},[14,16568,16569],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[21,16571,16572,16575,16578,16581,16584],{},[24,16573,16574],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[24,16576,16577],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[24,16579,16580],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[24,16582,16583],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[24,16585,16586,16587,16589],{},"Mixing up ",[61,16588,3755],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[816,16591,16593],{"id":16592},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16595,16596],{},"Wrong:",[54,16598,16600],{"className":56,"code":16599,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[61,16601,16602],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16603,16604],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16605,16599],{"class":222},[14,16607,16608],{},"Correct:",[54,16610,16612],{"className":56,"code":16611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[61,16613,16614,16638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16615,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16617,12829],{"class":74},[64,16619,92],{"class":91},[64,16621,1415],{"class":95},[64,16623,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16625,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16627,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16629,1117],{"class":95},[64,16631,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16633,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16635,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16637,9280],{"class":95},[64,16639,16640,16642,16644,16646],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16641,212],{"class":211},[64,16643,144],{"class":95},[64,16645,13589],{"class":140},[64,16647,150],{"class":95},[816,16649,16651],{"id":16650},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16653,16596],{},[54,16655,16657],{"className":56,"code":16656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[61,16658,16659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16660,16661],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16662,16656],{"class":222},[14,16664,16665,16666,16668,16669,16671],{},"This only works if ",[61,16667,7637],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[61,16670,15192],{},", use quotes.",[14,16673,16608],{},[54,16675,16676],{"className":56,"code":16611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,16677,16678,16702],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16679,16680,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698,16700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16681,12829],{"class":74},[64,16683,92],{"class":91},[64,16685,1415],{"class":95},[64,16687,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16689,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16691,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16693,1117],{"class":95},[64,16695,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16697,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16699,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16701,9280],{"class":95},[64,16703,16704,16706,16708,16710],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16705,212],{"class":211},[64,16707,144],{"class":95},[64,16709,13589],{"class":140},[64,16711,150],{"class":95},[816,16713,16715],{"id":16714},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[54,16717,16719],{"className":56,"code":16718,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[61,16720,16721,16753],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16722,16723,16725,16727,16729,16731,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16724,9137],{"class":74},[64,16726,92],{"class":91},[64,16728,1415],{"class":95},[64,16730,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16732,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16734,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16736,1117],{"class":95},[64,16738,1437],{"class":99},[64,16740,103],{"class":95},[64,16742,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16744,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16746,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16748,1117],{"class":95},[64,16750,7764],{"class":99},[64,16752,9280],{"class":95},[64,16754,16755,16757,16759,16761],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16756,212],{"class":211},[64,16758,144],{"class":95},[64,16760,9176],{"class":140},[64,16762,150],{"class":95},[14,16764,16765],{},[37,16766,2035],{},[54,16768,16770],{"className":56,"code":16769,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'age': 30}\n",[61,16771,16772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16773,16774,16776,16778,16780,16782,16784,16786],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16775,9249],{"class":95},[64,16777,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16779,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16781,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16783,1117],{"class":95},[64,16785,7764],{"class":99},[64,16787,9280],{"class":95},[49,16789,16791],{"id":16790},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16793,16794],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[54,16796,16798],{"className":56,"code":16797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[61,16799,16800,16836,16840,16850,16864,16879,16893],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16801,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16803,11698],{"class":74},[64,16805,92],{"class":91},[64,16807,1415],{"class":95},[64,16809,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16811,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16813,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16815,1117],{"class":95},[64,16817,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16819,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16821,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16823,103],{"class":95},[64,16825,3315],{"class":1418},[64,16827,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16829,1419],{"class":1418},[64,16831,1117],{"class":95},[64,16833,1437],{"class":99},[64,16835,9280],{"class":95},[64,16837,16838],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16839,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,16841,16842,16844,16846,16848],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,16843,212],{"class":211},[64,16845,144],{"class":95},[64,16847,11423],{"class":140},[64,16849,150],{"class":95},[64,16851,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,16853,212],{"class":211},[64,16855,144],{"class":95},[64,16857,1779],{"class":1778},[64,16859,144],{"class":95},[64,16861,11423],{"class":140},[64,16863,1737],{"class":95},[64,16865,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874,16877],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,16867,212],{"class":211},[64,16869,144],{"class":95},[64,16871,11423],{"class":140},[64,16873,137],{"class":95},[64,16875,16876],{"class":140},"keys",[64,16878,7162],{"class":95},[64,16880,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,16882,212],{"class":211},[64,16884,144],{"class":95},[64,16886,11423],{"class":140},[64,16888,137],{"class":95},[64,16890,5325],{"class":140},[64,16892,7162],{"class":95},[64,16894,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,16896,212],{"class":211},[64,16898,144],{"class":95},[64,16900,11134],{"class":211},[64,16902,144],{"class":95},[64,16904,11423],{"class":140},[64,16906,1737],{"class":95},[14,16908,16909],{},[37,16910,16911],{},"Example output:",[54,16913,16915],{"className":56,"code":16914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[61,16916,16917,16949,16963,16986,17005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,16918,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16920,9249],{"class":95},[64,16922,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16924,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16926,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16928,1117],{"class":95},[64,16930,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16932,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16934,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16936,103],{"class":95},[64,16938,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16940,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16942,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16944,1117],{"class":95},[64,16946,1437],{"class":99},[64,16948,9280],{"class":95},[64,16950,16951,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,16952,3250],{"class":91},[64,16954,3253],{"class":2029},[64,16956,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16958,8792],{"class":1422},[64,16960,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16962,3264],{"class":91},[64,16964,16965,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,16966,16967],{"class":140},"dict_keys",[64,16969,382],{"class":95},[64,16971,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16973,7637],{"class":1422},[64,16975,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16977,103],{"class":95},[64,16979,3256],{"class":1418},[64,16981,9270],{"class":1422},[64,16983,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16985,393],{"class":95},[64,16987,16988,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001,17003],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,16989,16990],{"class":140},"dict_values",[64,16992,382],{"class":95},[64,16994,3261],{"class":1418},[64,16996,12846],{"class":1422},[64,16998,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17000,103],{"class":95},[64,17002,1437],{"class":99},[64,17004,393],{"class":95},[64,17006,17007],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,17008,17009],{"class":99},"2\n",[14,17011,17012,17013,2153,17019,17025,17026,137],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[543,17014,10709,17016],{"href":17015},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[61,17017,17018],{},"keys()",[543,17020,10709,17022],{"href":17021},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[61,17023,17024],{},"values()",", and ",[543,17027,10709,17029],{"href":17028},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[61,17030,17031],{},"items()",[49,17033,1826],{"id":1825},[816,17035,17037],{"id":17036},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17039,256,17040,2839,17042,17044],{},[61,17041,3755],{},[61,17043,9091],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[816,17046,17048],{"id":17047},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17050,17051,17052,137],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[61,17053,17054],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[816,17056,17058],{"id":17057},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17060,17061],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[816,17063,17065],{"id":17064},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17067,17068],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[816,17070,5145,17072,40,17074,2456],{"id":17071},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[61,17073,3755],{},[61,17075,9091],{},[14,17077,17078,17080,17081,17083],{},[61,17079,3755],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[61,17082,9091],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[49,17085,1865],{"id":1864},[21,17087,17088,17092,17098,17102,17108],{},[24,17089,17090],{},[543,17091,9127],{"href":9126},[24,17093,17094],{},[543,17095,10709,17096,1248],{"href":10708},[61,17097,10712],{},[24,17099,17100],{},[543,17101,11224],{"href":10703},[24,17103,17104],{},[543,17105,17107],{"href":17106},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[24,17109,17110],{},[543,17111,11235],{"href":11046},[14,17113,17114],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1898,17116,17117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":17119},[17120,17121,17122,17123,17126,17129,17134,17135,17140,17141,17146,17147,17155],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":15115,"depth":78,"text":15116},{"id":15133,"depth":78,"text":15121},{"id":15217,"depth":78,"text":15218,"children":17124},[17125],{"id":15369,"depth":85,"text":15370},{"id":9373,"depth":78,"text":9374,"children":17127},[17128],{"id":15548,"depth":85,"text":15549},{"id":15661,"depth":78,"text":17130,"children":17131},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17132],{"id":15788,"depth":85,"text":17133},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9415,"depth":78,"text":9416},{"id":16142,"depth":78,"text":16143,"children":17136},[17137,17138,17139],{"id":16163,"depth":85,"text":16164},{"id":16265,"depth":85,"text":16266},{"id":16346,"depth":85,"text":16347},{"id":16432,"depth":78,"text":16433},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":17142},[17143,17144,17145],{"id":16592,"depth":85,"text":16593},{"id":16650,"depth":85,"text":16651},{"id":16714,"depth":85,"text":16715},{"id":16790,"depth":78,"text":16791},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":17148},[17149,17150,17151,17152,17153],{"id":17036,"depth":85,"text":17037},{"id":17047,"depth":85,"text":17048},{"id":17057,"depth":85,"text":17058},{"id":17064,"depth":85,"text":17065},{"id":17071,"depth":85,"text":17154},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14958,"description":17156},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17162,"title":17163,"body":17164,"description":19614,"extension":1927,"meta":19615,"navigation":81,"path":19616,"seo":19617,"stem":19618,"__hash__":19619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17165,"toc":19570},[17166,17172,17178,17181,17184,17186,17268,17274,17279,17283,17301,17313,17318,17322,17345,17349,17361,17369,17373,17379,17381,17384,17459,17461,17506,17508,17525,17530,17536,17541,17615,17617,17662,17665,17676,17678,17797,17799,17852,17859,17863,17866,17883,17889,17893,17991,17993,18044,18051,18055,18061,18064,18067,18094,18099,18103,18106,18210,18212,18257,18260,18263,18268,18273,18284,18286,18347,18407,18413,18421,18427,18432,18437,18497,18501,18568,18571,18575,18646,18649,18662,18669,18671,18675,18679,18750,18752,18789,18792,18795,18858,18865,18868,18910,18920,18923,18992,18998,19003,19087,19089,19138,19145,19151,19196,19198,19231,19236,19240,19246,19285,19329,19397,19440,19442,19448,19451,19455,19460,19464,19467,19471,19473,19534,19536,19562,19567],[10,17167,11291,17169,11295],{"id":17168},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[61,17170,17171],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17173,17174,17177],{},[61,17175,17176],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17179,17180],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17182,17183],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[49,17185,52],{"id":51},[54,17187,17189],{"className":56,"code":17188,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[61,17190,17191,17224,17252,17263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17192,17193,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17194,17195],{"class":74},"keys ",[64,17197,92],{"class":91},[64,17199,112],{"class":95},[64,17201,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17203,7637],{"class":1422},[64,17205,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17207,103],{"class":95},[64,17209,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17211,9270],{"class":1422},[64,17213,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17215,103],{"class":95},[64,17217,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17219,10381],{"class":1422},[64,17221,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17223,746],{"class":95},[64,17225,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17237,17239,17241,17243,17245,17248,17250],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,17227,13170],{"class":74},[64,17229,92],{"class":91},[64,17231,9142],{"class":1778},[64,17233,137],{"class":95},[64,17235,17236],{"class":140},"fromkeys",[64,17238,144],{"class":95},[64,17240,16876],{"class":140},[64,17242,103],{"class":95},[64,17244,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17246,17247],{"class":1422},"unknown",[64,17249,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17251,150],{"class":95},[64,17253,17254,17256,17258,17261],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,17255,212],{"class":211},[64,17257,144],{"class":95},[64,17259,17260],{"class":140},"person",[64,17262,150],{"class":95},[64,17264,17265],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,17266,17267],{"class":222},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17269,256,17270,17273],{},[61,17271,17272],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[49,17275,3639,17277,3642],{"id":17276},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[61,17278,17176],{},[14,17280,17281,1117],{},[61,17282,17176],{},[21,17284,17285,17288,17291,17294],{},[24,17286,17287],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[24,17289,17290],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[24,17292,17293],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[24,17295,17296,17297,17300],{},"Is called as ",[61,17298,17299],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17302,17303,17304,17306,17307,17309,17310,137],{},"This is a class method on ",[61,17305,8792],{},", so you write ",[61,17308,17299],{}," instead of something like ",[61,17311,17312],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17314,17315,17316,137],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[543,17317,9127],{"href":12988},[49,17319,17321],{"id":17320},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[54,17323,17325],{"className":56,"code":17324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[61,17326,17327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17328,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17330,8792],{"class":1778},[64,17332,137],{"class":95},[64,17334,17236],{"class":140},[64,17336,144],{"class":95},[64,17338,3683],{"class":140},[64,17340,103],{"class":95},[64,17342,8403],{"class":140},[64,17344,150],{"class":95},[816,17346,17348],{"id":17347},"parameters","Parameters",[21,17350,17351,17356],{},[24,17352,17353,17355],{},[61,17354,3683],{},": the keys to use",[24,17357,17358,17360],{},[61,17359,2436],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17362,17363,17364,17366,17367,137],{},"If you leave out ",[61,17365,2436],{},", each key gets ",[61,17368,3741],{},[816,17370,17372],{"id":17371},"return-value","Return value",[14,17374,17375,17376,137],{},"It returns a ",[37,17377,17378],{},"new dictionary",[49,17380,5755],{"id":5754},[14,17382,17383],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[54,17385,17387],{"className":56,"code":17386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[61,17388,17389,17422,17444,17448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17390,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17392,17195],{"class":74},[64,17394,92],{"class":91},[64,17396,112],{"class":95},[64,17398,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17400,13058],{"class":1422},[64,17402,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17404,103],{"class":95},[64,17406,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17408,17409],{"class":1422},"green",[64,17411,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17413,103],{"class":95},[64,17415,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17417,13075],{"class":1422},[64,17419,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17421,746],{"class":95},[64,17423,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,17425,13041],{"class":74},[64,17427,92],{"class":91},[64,17429,9142],{"class":1778},[64,17431,137],{"class":95},[64,17433,17236],{"class":140},[64,17435,144],{"class":95},[64,17437,16876],{"class":140},[64,17439,103],{"class":95},[64,17441,3797],{"class":99},[64,17443,150],{"class":95},[64,17445,17446],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,17447,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,17449,17450,17452,17454,17457],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,17451,212],{"class":211},[64,17453,144],{"class":95},[64,17455,17456],{"class":140},"colors",[64,17458,150],{"class":95},[14,17460,2035],{},[54,17462,17464],{"className":56,"code":17463,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[61,17465,17466],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17467,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17469,9249],{"class":95},[64,17471,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17473,13058],{"class":1422},[64,17475,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17477,1117],{"class":95},[64,17479,3797],{"class":99},[64,17481,103],{"class":95},[64,17483,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17485,17409],{"class":1422},[64,17487,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17489,1117],{"class":95},[64,17491,3797],{"class":99},[64,17493,103],{"class":95},[64,17495,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17497,13075],{"class":1422},[64,17499,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17501,1117],{"class":95},[64,17503,3797],{"class":99},[64,17505,9280],{"class":95},[14,17507,11657],{},[21,17509,17510,17515,17520],{},[24,17511,17512,17514],{},[61,17513,16876],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[24,17516,17517,17519],{},[61,17518,187],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[24,17521,17522,17524],{},[61,17523,17176],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17526,17527,17528,137],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[543,17529,9363],{"href":12991},[49,17531,1654,17533,17535],{"id":17532},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[61,17534,17171],{}," without a value",[14,17537,17538,17539,137],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[61,17540,3741],{},[54,17542,17544],{"className":56,"code":17543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[61,17545,17546,17580,17600,17604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17547,17548,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17576,17578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17549,17550],{"class":74},"fields ",[64,17552,92],{"class":91},[64,17554,112],{"class":95},[64,17556,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17558,7955],{"class":1422},[64,17560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17562,103],{"class":95},[64,17564,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17566,15211],{"class":1422},[64,17568,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17570,103],{"class":95},[64,17572,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17574,17575],{"class":1422},"password",[64,17577,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17579,746],{"class":95},[64,17581,17582,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17598],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,17583,17584],{"class":74},"user_data ",[64,17586,92],{"class":91},[64,17588,9142],{"class":1778},[64,17590,137],{"class":95},[64,17592,17236],{"class":140},[64,17594,144],{"class":95},[64,17596,17597],{"class":140},"fields",[64,17599,150],{"class":95},[64,17601,17602],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,17603,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,17605,17606,17608,17610,17613],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,17607,212],{"class":211},[64,17609,144],{"class":95},[64,17611,17612],{"class":140},"user_data",[64,17614,150],{"class":95},[14,17616,2035],{},[54,17618,17620],{"className":56,"code":17619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[61,17621,17622],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17623,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17625,9249],{"class":95},[64,17627,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17629,7955],{"class":1422},[64,17631,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17633,1117],{"class":95},[64,17635,3817],{"class":3816},[64,17637,103],{"class":95},[64,17639,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17641,15211],{"class":1422},[64,17643,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17645,1117],{"class":95},[64,17647,3817],{"class":3816},[64,17649,103],{"class":95},[64,17651,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17653,17575],{"class":1422},[64,17655,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17657,1117],{"class":95},[64,17659,3817],{"class":3816},[64,17661,9280],{"class":95},[14,17663,17664],{},"This is useful when:",[21,17666,17667,17670,17673],{},[24,17668,17669],{},"You want to create the keys first",[24,17671,17672],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[24,17674,17675],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17677,318],{},[54,17679,17681],{"className":56,"code":17680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[61,17682,17683,17715,17733,17737,17760,17783,17787],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17684,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17686,17550],{"class":74},[64,17688,92],{"class":91},[64,17690,112],{"class":95},[64,17692,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17694,7955],{"class":1422},[64,17696,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17698,103],{"class":95},[64,17700,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17702,15211],{"class":1422},[64,17704,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17706,103],{"class":95},[64,17708,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17710,17575],{"class":1422},[64,17712,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17714,746],{"class":95},[64,17716,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,17718,17584],{"class":74},[64,17720,92],{"class":91},[64,17722,9142],{"class":1778},[64,17724,137],{"class":95},[64,17726,17236],{"class":140},[64,17728,144],{"class":95},[64,17730,17597],{"class":140},[64,17732,150],{"class":95},[64,17734,17735],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,17736,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,17738,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17758],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,17740,17612],{"class":74},[64,17742,184],{"class":95},[64,17744,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17746,7955],{"class":1422},[64,17748,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17750,977],{"class":95},[64,17752,13241],{"class":91},[64,17754,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17756,17757],{"class":1422},"alice",[64,17759,3321],{"class":1418},[64,17761,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17781],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,17763,17612],{"class":74},[64,17765,184],{"class":95},[64,17767,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17769,15211],{"class":1422},[64,17771,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17773,977],{"class":95},[64,17775,13241],{"class":91},[64,17777,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17779,17780],{"class":1422},"alice@example.com",[64,17782,3321],{"class":1418},[64,17784,17785],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,17786,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,17788,17789,17791,17793,17795],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,17790,212],{"class":211},[64,17792,144],{"class":95},[64,17794,17612],{"class":140},[64,17796,150],{"class":95},[14,17798,2035],{},[54,17800,17802],{"className":56,"code":17801,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[61,17803,17804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17805,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17807,9249],{"class":95},[64,17809,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17811,7955],{"class":1422},[64,17813,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17815,1117],{"class":95},[64,17817,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17819,17757],{"class":1422},[64,17821,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17823,103],{"class":95},[64,17825,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17827,15211],{"class":1422},[64,17829,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17831,1117],{"class":95},[64,17833,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17835,17780],{"class":1422},[64,17837,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17839,103],{"class":95},[64,17841,3256],{"class":1418},[64,17843,17575],{"class":1422},[64,17845,3261],{"class":1418},[64,17847,1117],{"class":95},[64,17849,3817],{"class":3816},[64,17851,9280],{"class":95},[14,17853,17854,17855,137],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[543,17856,17858],{"href":17857},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[49,17860,17862],{"id":17861},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17864,17865],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[21,17867,17868,17873,17878],{},[24,17869,17870,17872],{},[61,17871,3750],{}," (list)",[24,17874,17875,17877],{},[61,17876,3755],{}," (dictionary)",[24,17879,17880,17882],{},[61,17881,3760],{}," (set)",[14,17884,17885,17886,137],{},"All keys will point to the ",[37,17887,17888],{},"same object",[816,17890,17892],{"id":17891},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[54,17894,17896],{"className":56,"code":17895,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[61,17897,17898,17930,17951,17955,17977,17981],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17899,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17901,17195],{"class":74},[64,17903,92],{"class":91},[64,17905,112],{"class":95},[64,17907,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17909,543],{"class":1422},[64,17911,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17913,103],{"class":95},[64,17915,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17917,1235],{"class":1422},[64,17919,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17921,103],{"class":95},[64,17923,3315],{"class":1418},[64,17925,9711],{"class":1422},[64,17927,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17929,746],{"class":95},[64,17931,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,17933,9137],{"class":74},[64,17935,92],{"class":91},[64,17937,9142],{"class":1778},[64,17939,137],{"class":95},[64,17941,17236],{"class":140},[64,17943,144],{"class":95},[64,17945,16876],{"class":140},[64,17947,103],{"class":95},[64,17949,17950],{"class":95}," [])\n",[64,17952,17953],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,17954,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,17956,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,17958,9176],{"class":74},[64,17960,184],{"class":95},[64,17962,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17964,543],{"class":1422},[64,17966,1419],{"class":1418},[64,17968,190],{"class":95},[64,17970,193],{"class":140},[64,17972,144],{"class":95},[64,17974,100],{"class":99},[64,17976,150],{"class":95},[64,17978,17979],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,17980,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,17982,17983,17985,17987,17989],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,17984,212],{"class":211},[64,17986,144],{"class":95},[64,17988,9176],{"class":140},[64,17990,150],{"class":95},[14,17992,2035],{},[54,17994,17996],{"className":56,"code":17995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[61,17997,17998],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,17999,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18001,9249],{"class":95},[64,18003,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18005,543],{"class":1422},[64,18007,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18009,1117],{"class":95},[64,18011,112],{"class":95},[64,18013,100],{"class":99},[64,18015,109],{"class":95},[64,18017,3256],{"class":1418},[64,18019,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18021,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18023,1117],{"class":95},[64,18025,112],{"class":95},[64,18027,100],{"class":99},[64,18029,109],{"class":95},[64,18031,3256],{"class":1418},[64,18033,9711],{"class":1422},[64,18035,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18037,1117],{"class":95},[64,18039,112],{"class":95},[64,18041,100],{"class":99},[64,18043,1440],{"class":95},[14,18045,18046,18047,18050],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[61,18048,18049],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[816,18052,18054],{"id":18053},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18056,18057,18060],{},[61,18058,18059],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18062,18063],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18065,18066],{},"So this:",[54,18068,18070],{"className":56,"code":18069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[61,18071,18072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18073,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18075,9176],{"class":74},[64,18077,184],{"class":95},[64,18079,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18081,543],{"class":1422},[64,18083,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18085,190],{"class":95},[64,18087,193],{"class":140},[64,18089,144],{"class":95},[64,18091,100],{"class":99},[64,18093,150],{"class":95},[14,18095,18096,18097,137],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[61,18098,18049],{},[816,18100,18102],{"id":18101},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18104,18105],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[54,18107,18109],{"className":56,"code":18108,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[61,18110,18111,18143,18170,18174,18196,18200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18112,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18114,17195],{"class":74},[64,18116,92],{"class":91},[64,18118,112],{"class":95},[64,18120,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18122,543],{"class":1422},[64,18124,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18126,103],{"class":95},[64,18128,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18130,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18132,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18134,103],{"class":95},[64,18136,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18138,9711],{"class":1422},[64,18140,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18142,746],{"class":95},[64,18144,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18158,18160,18163,18165,18168],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18146,9137],{"class":74},[64,18148,92],{"class":91},[64,18150,1415],{"class":95},[64,18152,14796],{"class":74},[64,18154,1117],{"class":95},[64,18156,18157],{"class":95}," []",[64,18159,3841],{"class":70},[64,18161,18162],{"class":74}," key ",[64,18164,3847],{"class":70},[64,18166,18167],{"class":74}," keys",[64,18169,9280],{"class":95},[64,18171,18172],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,18173,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,18175,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,18177,9176],{"class":74},[64,18179,184],{"class":95},[64,18181,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18183,543],{"class":1422},[64,18185,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18187,190],{"class":95},[64,18189,193],{"class":140},[64,18191,144],{"class":95},[64,18193,100],{"class":99},[64,18195,150],{"class":95},[64,18197,18198],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,18199,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,18201,18202,18204,18206,18208],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,18203,212],{"class":211},[64,18205,144],{"class":95},[64,18207,9176],{"class":140},[64,18209,150],{"class":95},[14,18211,2035],{},[54,18213,18215],{"className":56,"code":18214,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[61,18216,18217],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18218,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18220,9249],{"class":95},[64,18222,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18224,543],{"class":1422},[64,18226,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18228,1117],{"class":95},[64,18230,112],{"class":95},[64,18232,100],{"class":99},[64,18234,109],{"class":95},[64,18236,3256],{"class":1418},[64,18238,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18240,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18242,1117],{"class":95},[64,18244,18245],{"class":95}," [],",[64,18247,3256],{"class":1418},[64,18249,9711],{"class":1422},[64,18251,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18253,1117],{"class":95},[64,18255,18256],{"class":95}," []}\n",[14,18258,18259],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18261,18262],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[49,18264,4925,18266],{"id":18265},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[61,18267,17171],{},[14,18269,18270,18272],{},[61,18271,17176],{}," is a good choice when:",[21,18274,18275,18278,18281],{},[24,18276,18277],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[24,18279,18280],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[24,18282,18283],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18285,1151],{},[54,18287,18289],{"className":56,"code":18288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[61,18290,18291,18336],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18292,18293,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18328,18330,18332,18334],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18294,18295],{"class":74},"flags ",[64,18297,92],{"class":91},[64,18299,9142],{"class":1778},[64,18301,137],{"class":95},[64,18303,17236],{"class":140},[64,18305,382],{"class":95},[64,18307,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18309,18310],{"class":1422},"is_admin",[64,18312,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18314,103],{"class":95},[64,18316,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18318,15032],{"class":1422},[64,18320,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18322,103],{"class":95},[64,18324,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18326,18327],{"class":1422},"is_verified",[64,18329,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18331,109],{"class":95},[64,18333,3870],{"class":3816},[64,18335,150],{"class":95},[64,18337,18338,18340,18342,18345],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18339,212],{"class":211},[64,18341,144],{"class":95},[64,18343,18344],{"class":140},"flags",[64,18346,150],{"class":95},[54,18348,18350],{"className":56,"code":18349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[61,18351,18352,18397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18353,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18371,18373,18375,18377,18380,18382,18384,18386,18389,18391,18393,18395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18355,5028],{"class":74},[64,18357,92],{"class":91},[64,18359,9142],{"class":1778},[64,18361,137],{"class":95},[64,18363,17236],{"class":140},[64,18365,382],{"class":95},[64,18367,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18369,18370],{"class":1422},"math",[64,18372,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18374,103],{"class":95},[64,18376,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18378,18379],{"class":1422},"science",[64,18381,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18383,103],{"class":95},[64,18385,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18387,18388],{"class":1422},"history",[64,18390,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18392,109],{"class":95},[64,18394,3797],{"class":99},[64,18396,150],{"class":95},[64,18398,18399,18401,18403,18405],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18400,212],{"class":211},[64,18402,144],{"class":95},[64,18404,1423],{"class":140},[64,18406,150],{"class":95},[14,18408,18409,18410,18412],{},"It is ",[37,18411,300],{}," the best choice when:",[21,18414,18415,18418],{},[24,18416,18417],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[24,18419,18420],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[49,18422,18424,18426],{"id":18423},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[61,18425,17171],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18428,18429,18431],{},[61,18430,17171],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[816,18433,1654,18435],{"id":18434},"using-fromkeys",[61,18436,17171],{},[54,18438,18440],{"className":56,"code":18439,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[61,18441,18442,18487],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18443,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18461,18463,18465,18467,18470,18472,18474,18476,18479,18481,18483,18485],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18445,13787],{"class":74},[64,18447,92],{"class":91},[64,18449,9142],{"class":1778},[64,18451,137],{"class":95},[64,18453,17236],{"class":140},[64,18455,382],{"class":95},[64,18457,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18459,18460],{"class":1422},"sound",[64,18462,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18464,103],{"class":95},[64,18466,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18468,18469],{"class":1422},"music",[64,18471,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18473,103],{"class":95},[64,18475,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18477,18478],{"class":1422},"notifications",[64,18480,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18482,109],{"class":95},[64,18484,3879],{"class":3816},[64,18486,150],{"class":95},[64,18488,18489,18491,18493,18495],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18490,212],{"class":211},[64,18492,144],{"class":95},[64,18494,13846],{"class":140},[64,18496,150],{"class":95},[816,18498,18500],{"id":18499},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[54,18502,18504],{"className":56,"code":18503,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[61,18505,18506,18514,18528,18542,18554,18558],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18507,18508,18510,18512],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18509,13787],{"class":74},[64,18511,92],{"class":91},[64,18513,11467],{"class":95},[64,18515,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18517,11472],{"class":1418},[64,18519,18460],{"class":1422},[64,18521,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18523,1117],{"class":95},[64,18525,3879],{"class":3816},[64,18527,11488],{"class":95},[64,18529,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,18531,11472],{"class":1418},[64,18533,18469],{"class":1422},[64,18535,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18537,1117],{"class":95},[64,18539,3870],{"class":3816},[64,18541,11488],{"class":95},[64,18543,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,18545,11472],{"class":1418},[64,18547,18478],{"class":1422},[64,18549,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18551,1117],{"class":95},[64,18553,6392],{"class":3816},[64,18555,18556],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,18557,9280],{"class":95},[64,18559,18560,18562,18564,18566],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,18561,212],{"class":211},[64,18563,144],{"class":95},[64,18565,13846],{"class":140},[64,18567,150],{"class":95},[14,18569,18570],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[816,18572,18574],{"id":18573},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[54,18576,18578],{"className":56,"code":18577,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[61,18579,18580,18612,18636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18581,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18583,17195],{"class":74},[64,18585,92],{"class":91},[64,18587,112],{"class":95},[64,18589,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18591,543],{"class":1422},[64,18593,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18595,103],{"class":95},[64,18597,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18599,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18601,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18603,103],{"class":95},[64,18605,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18607,9711],{"class":1422},[64,18609,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18611,746],{"class":95},[64,18613,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18615,9137],{"class":74},[64,18617,92],{"class":91},[64,18619,1415],{"class":95},[64,18621,14796],{"class":74},[64,18623,1117],{"class":95},[64,18625,18157],{"class":95},[64,18627,3841],{"class":70},[64,18629,18162],{"class":74},[64,18631,3847],{"class":70},[64,18633,18167],{"class":74},[64,18635,9280],{"class":95},[64,18637,18638,18640,18642,18644],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,18639,212],{"class":211},[64,18641,144],{"class":95},[64,18643,9176],{"class":140},[64,18645,150],{"class":95},[14,18647,18648],{},"Use:",[21,18650,18651,18656,18659],{},[24,18652,18653,18655],{},[61,18654,17171],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[24,18657,18658],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[24,18660,18661],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18663,18664,18665,137],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[543,18666,10709,18667,1248],{"href":13994},[61,18668,14908],{},[49,18670,1646],{"id":1645},[14,18672,14689,18673,137],{},[61,18674,17176],{},[816,18676,18678],{"id":18677},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[54,18680,18682],{"className":56,"code":18681,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[61,18683,18684,18717,18740],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18685,18686,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18687,18688],{"class":74},"d ",[64,18690,92],{"class":91},[64,18692,9142],{"class":1778},[64,18694,137],{"class":95},[64,18696,17236],{"class":140},[64,18698,382],{"class":95},[64,18700,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18702,543],{"class":1422},[64,18704,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18706,103],{"class":95},[64,18708,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18710,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18712,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18714,109],{"class":95},[64,18716,17950],{"class":95},[64,18718,18719,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18720,18721],{"class":74},"d",[64,18723,184],{"class":95},[64,18725,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18727,543],{"class":1422},[64,18729,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18731,190],{"class":95},[64,18733,193],{"class":140},[64,18735,144],{"class":95},[64,18737,100],{"class":99},[64,18739,150],{"class":95},[64,18741,18742,18744,18746,18748],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,18743,212],{"class":211},[64,18745,144],{"class":95},[64,18747,18721],{"class":140},[64,18749,150],{"class":95},[14,18751,2035],{},[54,18753,18755],{"className":56,"code":18754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[61,18756,18757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18758,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18760,9249],{"class":95},[64,18762,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18764,543],{"class":1422},[64,18766,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18768,1117],{"class":95},[64,18770,112],{"class":95},[64,18772,100],{"class":99},[64,18774,109],{"class":95},[64,18776,3256],{"class":1418},[64,18778,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18780,3261],{"class":1418},[64,18782,1117],{"class":95},[64,18784,112],{"class":95},[64,18786,100],{"class":99},[64,18788,1440],{"class":95},[14,18790,18791],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18793,18794],{},"Use this instead:",[54,18796,18798],{"className":56,"code":18797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[61,18799,18800,18824,18848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18801,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18803,17195],{"class":74},[64,18805,92],{"class":91},[64,18807,112],{"class":95},[64,18809,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18811,543],{"class":1422},[64,18813,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18815,103],{"class":95},[64,18817,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18819,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18821,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18823,746],{"class":95},[64,18825,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18827,18688],{"class":74},[64,18829,92],{"class":91},[64,18831,1415],{"class":95},[64,18833,14796],{"class":74},[64,18835,1117],{"class":95},[64,18837,18157],{"class":95},[64,18839,3841],{"class":70},[64,18841,18162],{"class":74},[64,18843,3847],{"class":70},[64,18845,18167],{"class":74},[64,18847,9280],{"class":95},[64,18849,18850,18852,18854,18856],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,18851,212],{"class":211},[64,18853,144],{"class":95},[64,18855,18721],{"class":140},[64,18857,150],{"class":95},[816,18859,18861,18862,18864],{"id":18860},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[61,18863,17171],{}," on a list",[14,18866,18867],{},"Wrong idea:",[54,18869,18871],{"className":56,"code":18870,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[61,18872,18873,18905],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18874,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18876,17195],{"class":74},[64,18878,92],{"class":91},[64,18880,112],{"class":95},[64,18882,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18884,543],{"class":1422},[64,18886,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18888,103],{"class":95},[64,18890,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18892,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18894,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18896,103],{"class":95},[64,18898,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18900,9711],{"class":1422},[64,18902,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18904,746],{"class":95},[64,18906,18907],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18908,18909],{"class":222},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18911,18912,18914,18915,18917,18918,137],{},[61,18913,17171],{}," belongs to ",[61,18916,8792],{},", not ",[61,18919,8064],{},[14,18921,18922],{},"Correct usage:",[54,18924,18926],{"className":56,"code":18925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[61,18927,18928,18960,18982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,18929,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18931,17195],{"class":74},[64,18933,92],{"class":91},[64,18935,112],{"class":95},[64,18937,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18939,543],{"class":1422},[64,18941,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18943,103],{"class":95},[64,18945,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18947,1235],{"class":1422},[64,18949,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18951,103],{"class":95},[64,18953,3315],{"class":1418},[64,18955,9711],{"class":1422},[64,18957,1419],{"class":1418},[64,18959,746],{"class":95},[64,18961,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,18963,18688],{"class":74},[64,18965,92],{"class":91},[64,18967,9142],{"class":1778},[64,18969,137],{"class":95},[64,18971,17236],{"class":140},[64,18973,144],{"class":95},[64,18975,16876],{"class":140},[64,18977,103],{"class":95},[64,18979,3797],{"class":99},[64,18981,150],{"class":95},[64,18983,18984,18986,18988,18990],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,18985,212],{"class":211},[64,18987,144],{"class":95},[64,18989,18721],{"class":140},[64,18991,150],{"class":95},[816,18993,8423,18995,18997],{"id":18994},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[61,18996,17171],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18999,19000,19002],{},[61,19001,17176],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[54,19004,19006],{"className":56,"code":19005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[61,19007,19008,19028,19062,19066,19076],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19011,88],{"class":74},[64,19013,92],{"class":91},[64,19015,1415],{"class":95},[64,19017,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19019,2137],{"class":1422},[64,19021,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19023,1117],{"class":95},[64,19025,5465],{"class":99},[64,19027,9280],{"class":95},[64,19029,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19031,13003],{"class":74},[64,19033,92],{"class":91},[64,19035,9142],{"class":1778},[64,19037,137],{"class":95},[64,19039,17236],{"class":140},[64,19041,382],{"class":95},[64,19043,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19045,543],{"class":1422},[64,19047,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19049,103],{"class":95},[64,19051,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19053,1235],{"class":1422},[64,19055,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19057,109],{"class":95},[64,19059,3797],{"class":99},[64,19061,150],{"class":95},[64,19063,19064],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,19065,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,19067,19068,19070,19072,19074],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,19069,212],{"class":211},[64,19071,144],{"class":95},[64,19073,147],{"class":140},[64,19075,150],{"class":95},[64,19077,19078,19080,19082,19085],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,19079,212],{"class":211},[64,19081,144],{"class":95},[64,19083,19084],{"class":140},"new_dict",[64,19086,150],{"class":95},[14,19088,2035],{},[54,19090,19092],{"className":56,"code":19091,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[61,19093,19094,19110],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19095,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19097,9249],{"class":95},[64,19099,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19101,2137],{"class":1422},[64,19103,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19105,1117],{"class":95},[64,19107,5465],{"class":99},[64,19109,9280],{"class":95},[64,19111,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19113,9249],{"class":95},[64,19115,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19117,543],{"class":1422},[64,19119,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19121,1117],{"class":95},[64,19123,3797],{"class":99},[64,19125,103],{"class":95},[64,19127,3256],{"class":1418},[64,19129,1235],{"class":1422},[64,19131,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19133,1117],{"class":95},[64,19135,3797],{"class":99},[64,19137,9280],{"class":95},[14,19139,19140,19141,137],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[543,19142,10709,19143,1248],{"href":13994},[61,19144,14908],{},[816,19146,19148,19149],{"id":19147},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[61,19150,3741],{},[54,19152,19154],{"className":56,"code":19153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[61,19155,19156,19186],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19157,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19159,18688],{"class":74},[64,19161,92],{"class":91},[64,19163,9142],{"class":1778},[64,19165,137],{"class":95},[64,19167,17236],{"class":140},[64,19169,382],{"class":95},[64,19171,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19173,2137],{"class":1422},[64,19175,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19177,103],{"class":95},[64,19179,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19181,11719],{"class":1422},[64,19183,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19185,393],{"class":95},[64,19187,19188,19190,19192,19194],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19189,212],{"class":211},[64,19191,144],{"class":95},[64,19193,18721],{"class":140},[64,19195,150],{"class":95},[14,19197,2035],{},[54,19199,19201],{"className":56,"code":19200,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[61,19202,19203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19204,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19206,9249],{"class":95},[64,19208,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19210,2137],{"class":1422},[64,19212,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19214,1117],{"class":95},[64,19216,3817],{"class":3816},[64,19218,103],{"class":95},[64,19220,3256],{"class":1418},[64,19222,11719],{"class":1422},[64,19224,3261],{"class":1418},[64,19226,1117],{"class":95},[64,19228,3817],{"class":3816},[64,19230,9280],{"class":95},[14,19232,19233,19234,137],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[61,19235,3741],{},[49,19237,19239],{"id":19238},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19241,19242,19243,19245],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[61,19244,17171],{}," works.",[54,19247,19249],{"className":56,"code":19248,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[61,19250,19251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19252,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19254,212],{"class":211},[64,19256,144],{"class":95},[64,19258,8792],{"class":1778},[64,19260,137],{"class":95},[64,19262,17236],{"class":140},[64,19264,382],{"class":95},[64,19266,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19268,543],{"class":1422},[64,19270,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19272,103],{"class":95},[64,19274,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19276,1235],{"class":1422},[64,19278,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19280,109],{"class":95},[64,19282,3797],{"class":99},[64,19284,1737],{"class":95},[54,19286,19287],{"className":56,"code":19153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,19288,19289,19319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19290,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19292,18688],{"class":74},[64,19294,92],{"class":91},[64,19296,9142],{"class":1778},[64,19298,137],{"class":95},[64,19300,17236],{"class":140},[64,19302,382],{"class":95},[64,19304,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19306,2137],{"class":1422},[64,19308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19310,103],{"class":95},[64,19312,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19314,11719],{"class":1422},[64,19316,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19318,393],{"class":95},[64,19320,19321,19323,19325,19327],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19322,212],{"class":211},[64,19324,144],{"class":95},[64,19326,18721],{"class":140},[64,19328,150],{"class":95},[54,19330,19331],{"className":56,"code":18681,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,19332,19333,19365,19387],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19334,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19336,18688],{"class":74},[64,19338,92],{"class":91},[64,19340,9142],{"class":1778},[64,19342,137],{"class":95},[64,19344,17236],{"class":140},[64,19346,382],{"class":95},[64,19348,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19350,543],{"class":1422},[64,19352,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19354,103],{"class":95},[64,19356,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19358,1235],{"class":1422},[64,19360,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19362,109],{"class":95},[64,19364,17950],{"class":95},[64,19366,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19368,18721],{"class":74},[64,19370,184],{"class":95},[64,19372,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19374,543],{"class":1422},[64,19376,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19378,190],{"class":95},[64,19380,193],{"class":140},[64,19382,144],{"class":95},[64,19384,100],{"class":99},[64,19386,150],{"class":95},[64,19388,19389,19391,19393,19395],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,19390,212],{"class":211},[64,19392,144],{"class":95},[64,19394,18721],{"class":140},[64,19396,150],{"class":95},[54,19398,19400],{"className":56,"code":19399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[61,19401,19402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19403,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19405,212],{"class":211},[64,19407,144],{"class":95},[64,19409,1779],{"class":1778},[64,19411,144],{"class":95},[64,19413,8792],{"class":1778},[64,19415,137],{"class":95},[64,19417,17236],{"class":140},[64,19419,382],{"class":95},[64,19421,100],{"class":99},[64,19423,103],{"class":95},[64,19425,106],{"class":99},[64,19427,103],{"class":95},[64,19429,743],{"class":99},[64,19431,109],{"class":95},[64,19433,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19435,2436],{"class":1422},[64,19437,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19439,2873],{"class":95},[49,19441,1826],{"id":1825},[816,19443,12670,19445,19447],{"id":19444},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[61,19446,17171],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19449,19450],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[816,19452,19454],{"id":19453},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19456,19457,19458,137],{},"Each key gets ",[61,19459,3741],{},[816,19461,19463],{"id":19462},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19465,19466],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[816,19468,19470],{"id":19469},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19472,18105],{},[54,19474,19476],{"className":56,"code":19475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[61,19477,19478,19510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19479,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19481,17195],{"class":74},[64,19483,92],{"class":91},[64,19485,112],{"class":95},[64,19487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19489,543],{"class":1422},[64,19491,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19493,103],{"class":95},[64,19495,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19497,1235],{"class":1422},[64,19499,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19501,103],{"class":95},[64,19503,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19505,9711],{"class":1422},[64,19507,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19509,746],{"class":95},[64,19511,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19513,9137],{"class":74},[64,19515,92],{"class":91},[64,19517,1415],{"class":95},[64,19519,14796],{"class":74},[64,19521,1117],{"class":95},[64,19523,18157],{"class":95},[64,19525,3841],{"class":70},[64,19527,18162],{"class":74},[64,19529,3847],{"class":70},[64,19531,18167],{"class":74},[64,19533,9280],{"class":95},[49,19535,1865],{"id":1864},[21,19537,19538,19542,19546,19550,19556],{},[24,19539,19540],{},[543,19541,11215],{"href":12991},[24,19543,19544],{},[543,19545,9127],{"href":12988},[24,19547,19548],{},[543,19549,11224],{"href":17857},[24,19551,19552],{},[543,19553,10709,19554,1248],{"href":13994},[61,19555,14908],{},[24,19557,19558],{},[543,19559,10709,19560,1248],{"href":14952},[61,19561,12743],{},[14,19563,256,19564,19566],{},[61,19565,17176],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1898,19568,19569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":19571},[19572,19573,19575,19579,19580,19582,19587,19589,19596,19605,19606,19613],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":17276,"depth":78,"text":19574},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17320,"depth":78,"text":17321,"children":19576},[19577,19578],{"id":17347,"depth":85,"text":17348},{"id":17371,"depth":85,"text":17372},{"id":5754,"depth":78,"text":5755},{"id":17532,"depth":78,"text":19581},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17861,"depth":78,"text":17862,"children":19583},[19584,19585,19586],{"id":17891,"depth":85,"text":17892},{"id":18053,"depth":85,"text":18054},{"id":18101,"depth":85,"text":18102},{"id":18265,"depth":78,"text":19588},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18423,"depth":78,"text":19590,"children":19591},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19592,19594,19595],{"id":18434,"depth":85,"text":19593},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18499,"depth":85,"text":18500},{"id":18573,"depth":85,"text":18574},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":19597},[19598,19599,19601,19603],{"id":18677,"depth":85,"text":18678},{"id":18860,"depth":85,"text":19600},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18994,"depth":85,"text":19602},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19147,"depth":85,"text":19604},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19238,"depth":78,"text":19239},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":19607},[19608,19610,19611,19612],{"id":19444,"depth":85,"text":19609},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19453,"depth":85,"text":19454},{"id":19462,"depth":85,"text":19463},{"id":19469,"depth":85,"text":19470},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17163,"description":19614},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19621,"title":19622,"body":19623,"description":21451,"extension":1927,"meta":21452,"navigation":81,"path":21453,"seo":21454,"stem":21455,"__hash__":21456},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19624,"toc":21418},[19625,19630,19636,19647,19777,19784,19789,19793,19809,19811,19909,19912,19929,19933,19935,19940,19978,19981,19999,20001,20119,20124,20128,20144,20147,20283,20286,20291,20297,20300,20337,20340,20344,20349,20424,20428,20433,20515,20517,20533,20538,20542,20548,20617,20620,20637,20640,20722,20728,20731,20751,20755,20760,20766,20772,20843,20846,20852,20855,20929,20936,20942,20950,20960,20962,21057,21063,21068,21154,21160,21162,21167,21189,21192,21287,21290,21321,21334,21336,21344,21350,21356,21359,21365,21370,21377,21382,21384,21415],[10,19626,11291,19628,11295],{"id":19627},"python-dictionary-get-method",[61,19629,10712],{},[14,19631,19632,19633,19635],{},"The dictionary ",[61,19634,10712],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19637,19638,19639,2153,19642,2361,19644,19646],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[61,19640,19641],{},"KeyError",[61,19643,10712],{},[61,19645,3741],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[54,19648,19650],{"className":56,"code":19649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[61,19651,19652,19688,19692,19718,19743],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19653,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19655,13170],{"class":74},[64,19657,92],{"class":91},[64,19659,1415],{"class":95},[64,19661,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19663,7637],{"class":1422},[64,19665,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19667,1117],{"class":95},[64,19669,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19671,12846],{"class":1422},[64,19673,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19675,103],{"class":95},[64,19677,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19679,9270],{"class":1422},[64,19681,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19683,1117],{"class":95},[64,19685,9277],{"class":99},[64,19687,9280],{"class":95},[64,19689,19690],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19691,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,19693,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,19695,212],{"class":211},[64,19697,144],{"class":95},[64,19699,17260],{"class":140},[64,19701,137],{"class":95},[64,19703,19704],{"class":140},"get",[64,19706,144],{"class":95},[64,19708,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19710,7637],{"class":1422},[64,19712,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19714,5328],{"class":95},[64,19716,19717],{"class":222},"           # Ana\n",[64,19719,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,19721,212],{"class":211},[64,19723,144],{"class":95},[64,19725,17260],{"class":140},[64,19727,137],{"class":95},[64,19729,19704],{"class":140},[64,19731,144],{"class":95},[64,19733,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19735,10381],{"class":1422},[64,19737,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19739,5328],{"class":95},[64,19741,19742],{"class":222},"           # None\n",[64,19744,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19770,19772,19774],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,19746,212],{"class":211},[64,19748,144],{"class":95},[64,19750,17260],{"class":140},[64,19752,137],{"class":95},[64,19754,19704],{"class":140},[64,19756,144],{"class":95},[64,19758,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19760,10381],{"class":1422},[64,19762,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19764,103],{"class":95},[64,19766,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19768,19769],{"class":1422},"N\u002FA",[64,19771,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19773,5328],{"class":95},[64,19775,19776],{"class":222},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19778,256,19779,19781,19782,137],{},[61,19780,10712],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[61,19783,19641],{},[49,19785,3639,19787,3642],{"id":19786},"what-get-does",[61,19788,10712],{},[14,19790,1944,19791,11386],{},[61,19792,10712],{},[21,19794,19795,19798,19803,19806],{},[24,19796,19797],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[24,19799,11397,19800,19802],{},[61,19801,3741],{}," if the key does not exist",[24,19804,19805],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[24,19807,19808],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19810,318],{},[54,19812,19814],{"className":56,"code":19813,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[61,19815,19816,19855,19859,19884],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19817,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19837,19839,19841,19843,19846,19848,19850,19853],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19819,12829],{"class":74},[64,19821,92],{"class":91},[64,19823,1415],{"class":95},[64,19825,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19827,7637],{"class":1422},[64,19829,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19831,1117],{"class":95},[64,19833,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19835,19836],{"class":1422},"Lina",[64,19838,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19840,103],{"class":95},[64,19842,3315],{"class":1418},[64,19844,19845],{"class":1422},"grade",[64,19847,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19849,1117],{"class":95},[64,19851,19852],{"class":99}," 90",[64,19854,9280],{"class":95},[64,19856,19857],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19858,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,19860,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,19862,212],{"class":211},[64,19864,144],{"class":95},[64,19866,13589],{"class":140},[64,19868,137],{"class":95},[64,19870,19704],{"class":140},[64,19872,144],{"class":95},[64,19874,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19876,7637],{"class":1422},[64,19878,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19880,5328],{"class":95},[64,19882,19883],{"class":222},"     # Lina\n",[64,19885,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,19887,212],{"class":211},[64,19889,144],{"class":95},[64,19891,13589],{"class":140},[64,19893,137],{"class":95},[64,19895,19704],{"class":140},[64,19897,144],{"class":95},[64,19899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19901,15211],{"class":1422},[64,19903,1419],{"class":1418},[64,19905,5328],{"class":95},[64,19907,19908],{"class":222},"    # None\n",[14,19910,19911],{},"In this example:",[21,19913,19914,19919],{},[24,19915,19916,19918],{},[61,19917,15192],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[24,19920,19921,19924,19925,2361,19927],{},[61,19922,19923],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[61,19926,10712],{},[61,19928,3741],{},[14,19930,12985,19931,137],{},[543,19932,9127],{"href":9126},[49,19934,2120],{"id":2119},[14,19936,19937,19938,1117],{},"There are two common forms of ",[61,19939,10712],{},[54,19941,19943],{"className":56,"code":19942,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[61,19944,19945,19959],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,19946,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19948,15557],{"class":74},[64,19950,137],{"class":95},[64,19952,19704],{"class":140},[64,19954,144],{"class":95},[64,19956,14796],{"class":140},[64,19958,150],{"class":95},[64,19960,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19976],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,19962,15557],{"class":74},[64,19964,137],{"class":95},[64,19966,19704],{"class":140},[64,19968,144],{"class":95},[64,19970,14796],{"class":140},[64,19972,103],{"class":95},[64,19974,19975],{"class":140}," default_value",[64,19977,150],{"class":95},[14,19979,19980],{},"What each part means:",[21,19982,19983,19988,19994],{},[24,19984,19985,19987],{},[61,19986,14796],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[24,19989,19990,19993],{},[61,19991,19992],{},"default_value"," is optional",[24,19995,19996,19997],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[61,19998,3741],{},[14,20000,318],{},[54,20002,20004],{"className":56,"code":20003,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[61,20005,20006,20030,20034,20059,20085],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20007,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20009,13787],{"class":74},[64,20011,92],{"class":91},[64,20013,1415],{"class":95},[64,20015,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20017,12461],{"class":1422},[64,20019,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20021,1117],{"class":95},[64,20023,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20025,12470],{"class":1422},[64,20027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20029,9280],{"class":95},[64,20031,20032],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20033,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20035,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20037,212],{"class":211},[64,20039,144],{"class":95},[64,20041,13846],{"class":140},[64,20043,137],{"class":95},[64,20045,19704],{"class":140},[64,20047,144],{"class":95},[64,20049,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20051,12461],{"class":1422},[64,20053,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20055,5328],{"class":95},[64,20057,20058],{"class":222},"            # dark\n",[64,20060,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20078,20080,20082],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,20062,212],{"class":211},[64,20064,144],{"class":95},[64,20066,13846],{"class":140},[64,20068,137],{"class":95},[64,20070,19704],{"class":140},[64,20072,144],{"class":95},[64,20074,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20076,20077],{"class":1422},"language",[64,20079,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20081,5328],{"class":95},[64,20083,20084],{"class":222},"         # None\n",[64,20086,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20112,20114,20116],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,20088,212],{"class":211},[64,20090,144],{"class":95},[64,20092,13846],{"class":140},[64,20094,137],{"class":95},[64,20096,19704],{"class":140},[64,20098,144],{"class":95},[64,20100,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20102,20077],{"class":1422},[64,20104,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20106,103],{"class":95},[64,20108,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20110,20111],{"class":1422},"en",[64,20113,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20115,5328],{"class":95},[64,20117,20118],{"class":222},"   # en\n",[49,20120,4925,20122],{"id":20121},"when-to-use-get",[61,20123,10712],{},[14,20125,256,20126,10573],{},[61,20127,10712],{},[21,20129,20130,20133,20138,20141],{},[24,20131,20132],{},"A key might not exist",[24,20134,20135,20136],{},"You want to avoid ",[61,20137,19641],{},[24,20139,20140],{},"You are reading optional data",[24,20142,20143],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20145,20146],{},"Example with optional user data:",[54,20148,20150],{"className":56,"code":20149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[61,20151,20152,20194,20198,20223,20249],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20153,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185,20187,20190,20192],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20155,11462],{"class":74},[64,20157,92],{"class":91},[64,20159,1415],{"class":95},[64,20161,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20163,7955],{"class":1422},[64,20165,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20167,1117],{"class":95},[64,20169,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20171,20172],{"class":1422},"sam",[64,20174,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20176,103],{"class":95},[64,20178,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20180,15211],{"class":1422},[64,20182,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20184,1117],{"class":95},[64,20186,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20188,20189],{"class":1422},"sam@example.com",[64,20191,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20193,9280],{"class":95},[64,20195,20196],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20197,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20199,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20201,212],{"class":211},[64,20203,144],{"class":95},[64,20205,11556],{"class":140},[64,20207,137],{"class":95},[64,20209,19704],{"class":140},[64,20211,144],{"class":95},[64,20213,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20215,7955],{"class":1422},[64,20217,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20219,5328],{"class":95},[64,20221,20222],{"class":222},"              # sam\n",[64,20224,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20242,20244,20246],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,20226,212],{"class":211},[64,20228,144],{"class":95},[64,20230,11556],{"class":140},[64,20232,137],{"class":95},[64,20234,19704],{"class":140},[64,20236,144],{"class":95},[64,20238,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20240,20241],{"class":1422},"phone",[64,20243,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20245,5328],{"class":95},[64,20247,20248],{"class":222},"                 # None\n",[64,20250,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20276,20278,20280],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,20252,212],{"class":211},[64,20254,144],{"class":95},[64,20256,11556],{"class":140},[64,20258,137],{"class":95},[64,20260,19704],{"class":140},[64,20262,144],{"class":95},[64,20264,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20266,20241],{"class":1422},[64,20268,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20270,103],{"class":95},[64,20272,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20274,20275],{"class":1422},"Not provided",[64,20277,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20279,5328],{"class":95},[64,20281,20282],{"class":222}," # Not provided\n",[14,20284,20285],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20287,20288,20289,137],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[543,20290,16550],{"href":16549},[49,20292,20294,20296],{"id":20293},"get-vs-square-brackets",[61,20295,10712],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20298,20299],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[54,20301,20303],{"className":56,"code":20302,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[61,20304,20305,20319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20306,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20308,9176],{"class":74},[64,20310,184],{"class":95},[64,20312,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20314,14796],{"class":1422},[64,20316,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20318,746],{"class":95},[64,20320,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20335],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20322,9176],{"class":74},[64,20324,137],{"class":95},[64,20326,19704],{"class":140},[64,20328,144],{"class":95},[64,20330,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20332,14796],{"class":1422},[64,20334,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20336,150],{"class":95},[14,20338,20339],{},"The difference is important.",[816,20341,20343],{"id":20342},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20345,20346,20347,137],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[61,20348,19641],{},[54,20350,20352],{"className":56,"code":20351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[61,20353,20354,20378,20382,20403],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20355,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20357,9137],{"class":74},[64,20359,92],{"class":91},[64,20361,1415],{"class":95},[64,20363,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20365,7637],{"class":1422},[64,20367,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20369,1117],{"class":95},[64,20371,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20373,12846],{"class":1422},[64,20375,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20377,9280],{"class":95},[64,20379,20380],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20381,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20383,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20385,212],{"class":211},[64,20387,144],{"class":95},[64,20389,9176],{"class":140},[64,20391,184],{"class":95},[64,20393,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20395,7637],{"class":1422},[64,20397,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20399,989],{"class":95},[64,20401,20402],{"class":222},"   # Ana\n",[64,20404,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,20406,212],{"class":211},[64,20408,144],{"class":95},[64,20410,9176],{"class":140},[64,20412,184],{"class":95},[64,20414,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20416,10381],{"class":1422},[64,20418,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20420,989],{"class":95},[64,20422,20423],{"class":222},"   # KeyError\n",[816,20425,20426],{"id":19704},[61,20427,10712],{},[14,20429,20430,20432],{},[61,20431,10712],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[54,20434,20436],{"className":56,"code":20435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[61,20437,20438,20462,20466,20490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20439,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20441,9137],{"class":74},[64,20443,92],{"class":91},[64,20445,1415],{"class":95},[64,20447,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20449,7637],{"class":1422},[64,20451,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20453,1117],{"class":95},[64,20455,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20457,12846],{"class":1422},[64,20459,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20461,9280],{"class":95},[64,20463,20464],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20465,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20467,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20469,212],{"class":211},[64,20471,144],{"class":95},[64,20473,9176],{"class":140},[64,20475,137],{"class":95},[64,20477,19704],{"class":140},[64,20479,144],{"class":95},[64,20481,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20483,7637],{"class":1422},[64,20485,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20487,5328],{"class":95},[64,20489,20402],{"class":222},[64,20491,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,20493,212],{"class":211},[64,20495,144],{"class":95},[64,20497,9176],{"class":140},[64,20499,137],{"class":95},[64,20501,19704],{"class":140},[64,20503,144],{"class":95},[64,20505,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20507,10381],{"class":1422},[64,20509,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20511,5328],{"class":95},[64,20513,20514],{"class":222},"   # None\n",[14,20516,18648],{},[21,20518,20519,20525],{},[24,20520,20521,20522],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[37,20523,20524],{},"must exist",[24,20526,20527,20529,20530],{},[61,20528,10712],{}," when the key is ",[37,20531,20532],{},"optional",[14,20534,20535,20536,137],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[543,20537,11235],{"href":11046},[49,20539,20541],{"id":20540},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20543,20544,20545,20547],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[61,20546,10712],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[54,20549,20551],{"className":56,"code":20550,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[61,20552,20553,20578,20582],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20554,20555,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20556,20557],{"class":74},"profile ",[64,20559,92],{"class":91},[64,20561,1415],{"class":95},[64,20563,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20565,7637],{"class":1422},[64,20567,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20569,1117],{"class":95},[64,20571,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20573,7891],{"class":1422},[64,20575,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20577,9280],{"class":95},[64,20579,20580],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20581,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20583,20584,20586,20588,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20610,20612,20614],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20585,212],{"class":211},[64,20587,144],{"class":95},[64,20589,20590],{"class":140},"profile",[64,20592,137],{"class":95},[64,20594,19704],{"class":140},[64,20596,144],{"class":95},[64,20598,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20600,15214],{"class":1422},[64,20602,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20604,103],{"class":95},[64,20606,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20608,20609],{"class":1422},"Unknown",[64,20611,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20613,5328],{"class":95},[64,20615,20616],{"class":222},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20618,20619],{},"This is useful for display text:",[21,20621,20622,20627,20632],{},[24,20623,20624],{},[61,20625,20626],{},"\"Unknown\"",[24,20628,20629],{},[61,20630,20631],{},"\"Not set\"",[24,20633,20634],{},[61,20635,20636],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20638,20639],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[54,20641,20643],{"className":56,"code":20642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[61,20644,20645,20677,20681,20708],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20646,20647,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20648,5028],{"class":74},[64,20650,92],{"class":91},[64,20652,1415],{"class":95},[64,20654,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20656,18370],{"class":1422},[64,20658,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20660,1117],{"class":95},[64,20662,5973],{"class":99},[64,20664,103],{"class":95},[64,20666,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20668,18379],{"class":1422},[64,20670,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20672,1117],{"class":95},[64,20674,6329],{"class":99},[64,20676,9280],{"class":95},[64,20678,20679],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20680,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20682,20683,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20684,20685],{"class":74},"total_history ",[64,20687,92],{"class":91},[64,20689,5075],{"class":74},[64,20691,137],{"class":95},[64,20693,19704],{"class":140},[64,20695,144],{"class":95},[64,20697,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20699,18388],{"class":1422},[64,20701,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20703,103],{"class":95},[64,20705,3797],{"class":99},[64,20707,150],{"class":95},[64,20709,20710,20712,20714,20717,20719],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,20711,212],{"class":211},[64,20713,144],{"class":95},[64,20715,20716],{"class":140},"total_history",[64,20718,219],{"class":95},[64,20720,20721],{"class":222},"   # 0\n",[14,20723,20724,20725,20727],{},"Here, ",[61,20726,187],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20729,20730],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[21,20732,20733,20736,20741,20746],{},[24,20734,20735],{},"Use a string for text",[24,20737,256,20738,20740],{},[61,20739,187],{}," for numbers",[24,20742,256,20743,20745],{},[61,20744,3750],{}," for lists if needed",[24,20747,256,20748,20750],{},[61,20749,3755],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[49,20752,20754],{"id":20753},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20756,20757,20758,137],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[61,20759,10712],{},[816,20761,20763,20765],{"id":20762},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[61,20764,10712],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20767,20768,20769,20771],{},"This code does ",[37,20770,300],{}," create a new key:",[54,20773,20775],{"className":56,"code":20774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[61,20776,20777,20801,20805,20830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20778,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20780,13170],{"class":74},[64,20782,92],{"class":91},[64,20784,1415],{"class":95},[64,20786,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20788,7637],{"class":1422},[64,20790,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20792,1117],{"class":95},[64,20794,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20796,12846],{"class":1422},[64,20798,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20800,9280],{"class":95},[64,20802,20803],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20804,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20806,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20808,212],{"class":211},[64,20810,144],{"class":95},[64,20812,17260],{"class":140},[64,20814,137],{"class":95},[64,20816,19704],{"class":140},[64,20818,144],{"class":95},[64,20820,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20822,10381],{"class":1422},[64,20824,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20826,5328],{"class":95},[64,20828,20829],{"class":222},"  # None\n",[64,20831,20832,20834,20836,20838,20840],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,20833,212],{"class":211},[64,20835,144],{"class":95},[64,20837,17260],{"class":140},[64,20839,219],{"class":95},[64,20841,20842],{"class":222},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20844,20845],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[816,20847,20849,20851],{"id":20848},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[61,20850,10712],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20853,20854],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[54,20856,20858],{"className":56,"code":20857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[61,20859,20860,20886,20890,20916],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20861,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20873,20875,20877,20879,20882,20884],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20863,13787],{"class":74},[64,20865,92],{"class":91},[64,20867,1415],{"class":95},[64,20869,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20871,20872],{"class":1422},"mode",[64,20874,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20876,1117],{"class":95},[64,20878,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20880,20881],{"class":1422},"light",[64,20883,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20885,9280],{"class":95},[64,20887,20888],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,20889,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,20891,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,20893,13846],{"class":74},[64,20895,137],{"class":95},[64,20897,19704],{"class":140},[64,20899,144],{"class":95},[64,20901,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20903,12461],{"class":1422},[64,20905,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20907,103],{"class":95},[64,20909,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20911,12470],{"class":1422},[64,20913,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20915,150],{"class":95},[64,20917,20918,20920,20922,20924,20926],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,20919,212],{"class":211},[64,20921,144],{"class":95},[64,20923,13846],{"class":140},[64,20925,219],{"class":95},[64,20927,20928],{"class":222},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20930,20931,20932,20935],{},"Even though ",[61,20933,20934],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[816,20937,20939,20940],{"id":20938},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[61,20941,3741],{},[14,20943,20944,20945,2361,20947,20949],{},"Sometimes ",[61,20946,10712],{},[61,20948,3741],{}," because:",[21,20951,20952,20955],{},[24,20953,20954],{},"The key is missing, or",[24,20956,20957,20958],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[61,20959,3741],{},[14,20961,318],{},[54,20963,20965],{"className":56,"code":20964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[61,20966,20967,21004,21008,21032],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,20968,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20996,20998,21000,21002],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20970,9137],{"class":74},[64,20972,92],{"class":91},[64,20974,1415],{"class":95},[64,20976,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20978,7637],{"class":1422},[64,20980,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20982,1117],{"class":95},[64,20984,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20986,12846],{"class":1422},[64,20988,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20990,103],{"class":95},[64,20992,3315],{"class":1418},[64,20994,20995],{"class":1422},"nickname",[64,20997,1419],{"class":1418},[64,20999,1117],{"class":95},[64,21001,3817],{"class":3816},[64,21003,9280],{"class":95},[64,21005,21006],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21007,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,21009,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,21011,212],{"class":211},[64,21013,144],{"class":95},[64,21015,9176],{"class":140},[64,21017,137],{"class":95},[64,21019,19704],{"class":140},[64,21021,144],{"class":95},[64,21023,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21025,20995],{"class":1422},[64,21027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21029,5328],{"class":95},[64,21031,20829],{"class":222},[64,21033,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,21035,212],{"class":211},[64,21037,144],{"class":95},[64,21039,9176],{"class":140},[64,21041,137],{"class":95},[64,21043,19704],{"class":140},[64,21045,144],{"class":95},[64,21047,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21049,10381],{"class":1422},[64,21051,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21053,5328],{"class":95},[64,21055,21056],{"class":222},"      # None\n",[14,21058,21059,21060,21062],{},"Both lines print ",[61,21061,3741],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21064,21065,21066,1117],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[61,21067,3847],{},[54,21069,21071],{"className":56,"code":21070,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[61,21072,21073,21109,21113,21134],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21074,21075,21077,21079,21081,21083,21085,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21076,9137],{"class":74},[64,21078,92],{"class":91},[64,21080,1415],{"class":95},[64,21082,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21084,7637],{"class":1422},[64,21086,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21088,1117],{"class":95},[64,21090,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21092,12846],{"class":1422},[64,21094,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21096,103],{"class":95},[64,21098,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21100,20995],{"class":1422},[64,21102,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21104,1117],{"class":95},[64,21106,3817],{"class":3816},[64,21108,9280],{"class":95},[64,21110,21111],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21112,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,21114,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21128,21130,21132],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,21116,212],{"class":211},[64,21118,144],{"class":95},[64,21120,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21122,20995],{"class":1422},[64,21124,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21126,21127],{"class":70}," in",[64,21129,14523],{"class":140},[64,21131,219],{"class":95},[64,21133,885],{"class":222},[64,21135,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,21137,212],{"class":211},[64,21139,144],{"class":95},[64,21141,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21143,10381],{"class":1422},[64,21145,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21147,21127],{"class":70},[64,21149,14523],{"class":140},[64,21151,219],{"class":95},[64,21153,962],{"class":222},[14,21155,21156,21157,137],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[543,21158,21159],{"href":17106},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[49,21161,1646],{"id":1645},[14,21163,21164,21165,1117],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[61,21166,10712],{},[21,21168,21169,21174,21181,21186],{},[24,21170,21171,21172],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[61,21173,19641],{},[24,21175,4668,21176,2361,21178,21180],{},[61,21177,10712],{},[61,21179,3741],{}," if no default is provided",[24,21182,4544,21183,21185],{},[61,21184,10712],{}," creates a key automatically",[24,21187,21188],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21190,21191],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[54,21193,21195],{"className":56,"code":21194,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[61,21196,21197,21207,21221,21239,21261],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21198,21199,21201,21203,21205],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21200,212],{"class":211},[64,21202,144],{"class":95},[64,21204,11423],{"class":140},[64,21206,150],{"class":95},[64,21208,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21210,212],{"class":211},[64,21212,144],{"class":95},[64,21214,11423],{"class":140},[64,21216,137],{"class":95},[64,21218,16876],{"class":140},[64,21220,7162],{"class":95},[64,21222,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,21224,212],{"class":211},[64,21226,144],{"class":95},[64,21228,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21230,7637],{"class":1422},[64,21232,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21234,21127],{"class":70},[64,21236,11740],{"class":140},[64,21238,150],{"class":95},[64,21240,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,21242,212],{"class":211},[64,21244,144],{"class":95},[64,21246,11423],{"class":140},[64,21248,137],{"class":95},[64,21250,19704],{"class":140},[64,21252,144],{"class":95},[64,21254,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21256,7637],{"class":1422},[64,21258,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21260,1737],{"class":95},[64,21262,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,21264,212],{"class":211},[64,21266,144],{"class":95},[64,21268,1779],{"class":1778},[64,21270,144],{"class":95},[64,21272,11423],{"class":140},[64,21274,137],{"class":95},[64,21276,19704],{"class":140},[64,21278,144],{"class":95},[64,21280,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21282,7637],{"class":1422},[64,21284,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21286,2873],{"class":95},[14,21288,21289],{},"What these checks tell you:",[21,21291,21292,21297,21303,21309,21315],{},[24,21293,21294,21296],{},[61,21295,12645],{}," shows the full dictionary",[24,21298,21299,21302],{},[61,21300,21301],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[24,21304,21305,21308],{},[61,21306,21307],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[24,21310,21311,21314],{},[61,21312,21313],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[24,21316,21317,21320],{},[61,21318,21319],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21322,21323,21324,40,21329,21333],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[543,21325,21326,21327,1248],{"href":17015},"the dictionary ",[61,21328,17018],{},[543,21330,21326,21331,1248],{"href":17028},[61,21332,17031],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[49,21335,1826],{"id":1825},[816,21337,12670,21339,21341,21342,2456],{"id":21338},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[61,21340,10712],{}," raise ",[61,21343,19641],{},[14,21345,21346,21347,21349],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[61,21348,3741],{}," or the default value you provide.",[816,21351,12670,21353,21355],{"id":21352},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[61,21354,10712],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21357,21358],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[816,21360,21362,21363,2456],{"id":21361},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[61,21364,10712],{},[14,21366,21367,21369],{},[61,21368,3741],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[816,21371,21373,21374,21376],{"id":21372},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[61,21375,10712],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21378,256,21379,21381],{},[61,21380,10712],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[49,21383,1865],{"id":1864},[21,21385,21386,21390,21396,21402,21406,21411],{},[24,21387,21388],{},[543,21389,9127],{"href":9126},[24,21391,21392],{},[543,21393,10709,21394,1248],{"href":17015},[61,21395,17018],{},[24,21397,21398],{},[543,21399,10709,21400,1248],{"href":17028},[61,21401,17031],{},[24,21403,21404],{},[543,21405,17107],{"href":17106},[24,21407,21408],{},[543,21409,21410],{"href":16549},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[24,21412,21413],{},[543,21414,11235],{"href":11046},[1898,21416,21417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":21419},[21420,21422,21423,21425,21430,21431,21439,21440,21450],{"id":19786,"depth":78,"text":21421},"What get() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":20121,"depth":78,"text":21424},"When to use get()",{"id":20293,"depth":78,"text":21426,"children":21427},"get() vs square brackets",[21428,21429],{"id":20342,"depth":85,"text":20343},{"id":19704,"depth":85,"text":10712},{"id":20540,"depth":78,"text":20541},{"id":20753,"depth":78,"text":20754,"children":21432},[21433,21435,21437],{"id":20762,"depth":85,"text":21434},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20848,"depth":85,"text":21436},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20938,"depth":85,"text":21438},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":21441},[21442,21444,21446,21448],{"id":21338,"depth":85,"text":21443},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21352,"depth":85,"text":21445},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21361,"depth":85,"text":21447},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21372,"depth":85,"text":21449},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19622,"description":21451},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21458,"title":21459,"body":21460,"description":24017,"extension":1927,"meta":24018,"navigation":81,"path":24019,"seo":24020,"stem":24021,"__hash__":24022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21461,"toc":23983},[21462,21467,21473,21479,21481,21563,21567,21584,21589,21594,21599,21601,21615,21617,21680,21684,21724,21732,21734,21736,21751,21754,21767,21769,21848,21852,21918,21920,21924,21932,21934,21945,21947,22057,22061,22140,22146,22152,22157,22270,22274,22306,22309,22416,22422,22429,22433,22436,22539,22543,22604,22607,22610,22621,22630,22633,22650,22652,22751,22755,22830,22833,22856,22861,22866,22883,22885,23006,23010,23044,23046,23051,23058,23068,23070,23148,23151,23222,23232,23235,23267,23270,23309,23315,23322,23325,23416,23420,23501,23507,23510,23513,23618,23621,23624,23746,23750,23753,23820,23824,23861,23867,23869,23875,23880,23886,23893,23899,23902,23941,23947,23950,23952,23980],[10,21463,11291,21465,11295],{"id":21464},"python-dictionary-items-method",[61,21466,17031],{},[14,21468,1944,21469,21472],{},[61,21470,21471],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21474,21475,21476,21478],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[61,21477,17031],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[49,21480,52],{"id":51},[54,21482,21484],{"className":56,"code":21483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[61,21485,21486,21522,21526,21549],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21487,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21489,13170],{"class":74},[64,21491,92],{"class":91},[64,21493,1415],{"class":95},[64,21495,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21497,7637],{"class":1422},[64,21499,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21501,1117],{"class":95},[64,21503,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21505,12846],{"class":1422},[64,21507,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21509,103],{"class":95},[64,21511,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21513,9270],{"class":1422},[64,21515,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21517,1117],{"class":95},[64,21519,9277],{"class":99},[64,21521,9280],{"class":95},[64,21523,21524],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21525,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,21527,21528,21530,21533,21535,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,21529,5926],{"class":70},[64,21531,21532],{"class":74}," key",[64,21534,103],{"class":95},[64,21536,21537],{"class":74}," value ",[64,21539,3847],{"class":70},[64,21541,13213],{"class":74},[64,21543,137],{"class":95},[64,21545,7779],{"class":140},[64,21547,21548],{"class":95},"():\n",[64,21550,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,21552,8039],{"class":211},[64,21554,144],{"class":95},[64,21556,14796],{"class":140},[64,21558,103],{"class":95},[64,21560,8403],{"class":140},[64,21562,150],{"class":95},[14,21564,21565],{},[37,21566,2035],{},[54,21568,21570],{"className":56,"code":21569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[61,21571,21572,21577],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21573,21574],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21575,21576],{"class":74},"name Ana\n",[64,21578,21579,21582],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21580,21581],{"class":74},"age ",[64,21583,2670],{"class":99},[14,21585,256,21586,21588],{},[61,21587,17031],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[49,21590,3639,21592,3642],{"id":21591},"what-items-does",[61,21593,17031],{},[14,21595,21596,21598],{},[61,21597,17031],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21600,11432],{},[21,21602,21603,21609,21612],{},[24,21604,21605,21606],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[61,21607,21608],{},"(key, value)",[24,21610,21611],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[24,21613,21614],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21616,318],{},[54,21618,21620],{"className":56,"code":21619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[61,21621,21622,21658,21662],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21623,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21625,13170],{"class":74},[64,21627,92],{"class":91},[64,21629,1415],{"class":95},[64,21631,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21633,7637],{"class":1422},[64,21635,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21637,1117],{"class":95},[64,21639,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21641,12846],{"class":1422},[64,21643,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21645,103],{"class":95},[64,21647,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21649,9270],{"class":1422},[64,21651,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21653,1117],{"class":95},[64,21655,9277],{"class":99},[64,21657,9280],{"class":95},[64,21659,21660],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21661,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,21663,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,21665,212],{"class":211},[64,21667,144],{"class":95},[64,21669,8064],{"class":1778},[64,21671,144],{"class":95},[64,21673,17260],{"class":140},[64,21675,137],{"class":95},[64,21677,7779],{"class":140},[64,21679,6259],{"class":95},[14,21681,21682],{},[37,21683,2035],{},[54,21685,21687],{"className":56,"code":21686,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[61,21688,21689],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21690,21691,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21692,21693],{"class":95},"[(",[64,21695,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21697,7637],{"class":1422},[64,21699,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21701,103],{"class":95},[64,21703,3256],{"class":1418},[64,21705,12846],{"class":1422},[64,21707,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21709,1727],{"class":95},[64,21711,9207],{"class":95},[64,21713,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21715,9270],{"class":1422},[64,21717,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21719,103],{"class":95},[64,21721,9277],{"class":99},[64,21723,9220],{"class":95},[14,21725,21726,21727,2839,21729,137],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[543,21728,9127],{"href":12988},[543,21730,14978],{"href":21731},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[49,21733,2120],{"id":2119},[14,21735,5401],{},[54,21737,21739],{"className":56,"code":21738,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.items()\n",[61,21740,21741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21742,21743,21745,21747,21749],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21744,11423],{"class":74},[64,21746,137],{"class":95},[64,21748,7779],{"class":140},[64,21750,366],{"class":95},[14,21752,21753],{},"Things to remember:",[21,21755,21756,21761,21764],{},[24,21757,21758,21760],{},[61,21759,17031],{}," does not take any arguments",[24,21762,21763],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[24,21765,21766],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21768,318],{},[54,21770,21772],{"className":56,"code":21771,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[61,21773,21774,21806,21810,21824,21828,21838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21775,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21777,5028],{"class":74},[64,21779,92],{"class":91},[64,21781,1415],{"class":95},[64,21783,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21785,4968],{"class":1422},[64,21787,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21789,1117],{"class":95},[64,21791,19852],{"class":99},[64,21793,103],{"class":95},[64,21795,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21797,4977],{"class":1422},[64,21799,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21801,1117],{"class":95},[64,21803,13472],{"class":99},[64,21805,9280],{"class":95},[64,21807,21808],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21809,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,21811,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,21813,2194],{"class":74},[64,21815,92],{"class":91},[64,21817,5075],{"class":74},[64,21819,137],{"class":95},[64,21821,7779],{"class":140},[64,21823,366],{"class":95},[64,21825,21826],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,21827,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,21829,21830,21832,21834,21836],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,21831,212],{"class":211},[64,21833,144],{"class":95},[64,21835,2229],{"class":140},[64,21837,150],{"class":95},[64,21839,21840,21842,21844,21846],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,21841,212],{"class":211},[64,21843,144],{"class":95},[64,21845,1423],{"class":140},[64,21847,150],{"class":95},[14,21849,21850],{},[37,21851,2035],{},[54,21853,21855],{"className":56,"code":21854,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[61,21856,21857,21890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21858,21859,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21860,21861],{"class":140},"dict_items",[64,21863,9629],{"class":95},[64,21865,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21867,4968],{"class":1422},[64,21869,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21871,103],{"class":95},[64,21873,19852],{"class":99},[64,21875,1727],{"class":95},[64,21877,9207],{"class":95},[64,21879,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21881,4977],{"class":1422},[64,21883,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21885,103],{"class":95},[64,21887,13472],{"class":99},[64,21889,10651],{"class":95},[64,21891,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21893,9249],{"class":95},[64,21895,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21897,4968],{"class":1422},[64,21899,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21901,1117],{"class":95},[64,21903,19852],{"class":99},[64,21905,103],{"class":95},[64,21907,3256],{"class":1418},[64,21909,4977],{"class":1422},[64,21911,3261],{"class":1418},[64,21913,1117],{"class":95},[64,21915,13472],{"class":99},[64,21917,9280],{"class":95},[14,21919,20845],{},[49,21921,21923],{"id":21922},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21925,21926,21928,21929,21931],{},[61,21927,17031],{}," returns a ",[61,21930,21861],{}," view object.",[14,21933,304],{},[21,21935,21936,21939,21942],{},[24,21937,21938],{},"You can loop over it",[24,21940,21941],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[24,21943,21944],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21946,318],{},[54,21948,21950],{"className":56,"code":21949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[61,21951,21952,21984,21998,22002,22016,22020,22039,22043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,21953,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21955,9137],{"class":74},[64,21957,92],{"class":91},[64,21959,1415],{"class":95},[64,21961,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21963,2137],{"class":1422},[64,21965,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21967,1117],{"class":95},[64,21969,5465],{"class":99},[64,21971,103],{"class":95},[64,21973,3315],{"class":1418},[64,21975,11719],{"class":1422},[64,21977,1419],{"class":1418},[64,21979,1117],{"class":95},[64,21981,106],{"class":99},[64,21983,9280],{"class":95},[64,21985,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,21987,9187],{"class":74},[64,21989,92],{"class":91},[64,21991,14523],{"class":74},[64,21993,137],{"class":95},[64,21995,7779],{"class":140},[64,21997,366],{"class":95},[64,21999,22000],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22001,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22003,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,22005,212],{"class":211},[64,22007,144],{"class":95},[64,22009,8064],{"class":1778},[64,22011,144],{"class":95},[64,22013,9233],{"class":140},[64,22015,1737],{"class":95},[64,22017,22018],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,22019,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22021,22022,22024,22026,22028,22031,22033,22035,22037],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,22023,9176],{"class":74},[64,22025,184],{"class":95},[64,22027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22029,22030],{"class":1422},"z",[64,22032,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22034,977],{"class":95},[64,22036,13241],{"class":91},[64,22038,2540],{"class":99},[64,22040,22041],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,22042,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22044,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,22046,212],{"class":211},[64,22048,144],{"class":95},[64,22050,8064],{"class":1778},[64,22052,144],{"class":95},[64,22054,9233],{"class":140},[64,22056,1737],{"class":95},[14,22058,22059],{},[37,22060,2035],{},[54,22062,22064],{"className":56,"code":22063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[61,22065,22066,22096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22067,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22069,21693],{"class":95},[64,22071,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22073,2137],{"class":1422},[64,22075,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22077,103],{"class":95},[64,22079,5465],{"class":99},[64,22081,1727],{"class":95},[64,22083,9207],{"class":95},[64,22085,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22087,11719],{"class":1422},[64,22089,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22091,103],{"class":95},[64,22093,106],{"class":99},[64,22095,9220],{"class":95},[64,22097,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22099,21693],{"class":95},[64,22101,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22103,2137],{"class":1422},[64,22105,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22107,103],{"class":95},[64,22109,5465],{"class":99},[64,22111,1727],{"class":95},[64,22113,9207],{"class":95},[64,22115,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22117,11719],{"class":1422},[64,22119,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22121,103],{"class":95},[64,22123,106],{"class":99},[64,22125,1727],{"class":95},[64,22127,9207],{"class":95},[64,22129,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22131,22030],{"class":1422},[64,22133,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22135,103],{"class":95},[64,22137,743],{"class":99},[64,22139,9220],{"class":95},[14,22141,22142,22143,22145],{},"This happens because ",[61,22144,9233],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[49,22147,22149,22150],{"id":22148},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[61,22151,17031],{},[14,22153,22154,22155,1117],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[61,22156,17031],{},[54,22158,22160],{"className":56,"code":22159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[61,22161,22162,22215,22219,22239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22163,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22165,12829],{"class":74},[64,22167,92],{"class":91},[64,22169,1415],{"class":95},[64,22171,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22173,7637],{"class":1422},[64,22175,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22177,1117],{"class":95},[64,22179,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22181,7891],{"class":1422},[64,22183,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22185,103],{"class":95},[64,22187,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22189,19845],{"class":1422},[64,22191,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22193,1117],{"class":95},[64,22195,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22197,22198],{"class":1422},"A",[64,22200,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22202,103],{"class":95},[64,22204,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22206,9270],{"class":1422},[64,22208,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22210,1117],{"class":95},[64,22212,13819],{"class":99},[64,22214,9280],{"class":95},[64,22216,22217],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22218,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22220,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22222,5926],{"class":70},[64,22224,21532],{"class":74},[64,22226,103],{"class":95},[64,22228,21537],{"class":74},[64,22230,3847],{"class":70},[64,22232,12872],{"class":74},[64,22234,137],{"class":95},[64,22236,7779],{"class":140},[64,22238,21548],{"class":95},[64,22240,22241,22243,22245,22248,22250,22252,22254,22257,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,22242,8039],{"class":211},[64,22244,144],{"class":95},[64,22246,22247],{"class":2029},"f",[64,22249,1419],{"class":1422},[64,22251,9249],{"class":99},[64,22253,14796],{"class":140},[64,22255,22256],{"class":99},"}",[64,22258,22259],{"class":1422},": ",[64,22261,9249],{"class":99},[64,22263,2436],{"class":140},[64,22265,22256],{"class":99},[64,22267,1419],{"class":1422},[64,22269,150],{"class":95},[14,22271,22272],{},[37,22273,2035],{},[54,22275,22277],{"className":56,"code":22276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[61,22278,22279,22288,22297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22280,22281,22283,22285],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22282,7637],{"class":74},[64,22284,1117],{"class":95},[64,22286,22287],{"class":74}," Mia\n",[64,22289,22290,22292,22294],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22291,19845],{"class":74},[64,22293,1117],{"class":95},[64,22295,22296],{"class":74}," A\n",[64,22298,22299,22301,22303],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22300,9270],{"class":74},[64,22302,1117],{"class":95},[64,22304,22305],{"class":99}," 14\n",[14,22307,22308],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[54,22310,22312],{"className":56,"code":22311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[61,22313,22314,22366,22370,22382],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22315,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22317,12829],{"class":74},[64,22319,92],{"class":91},[64,22321,1415],{"class":95},[64,22323,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22325,7637],{"class":1422},[64,22327,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22329,1117],{"class":95},[64,22331,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22333,7891],{"class":1422},[64,22335,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22337,103],{"class":95},[64,22339,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22341,19845],{"class":1422},[64,22343,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22345,1117],{"class":95},[64,22347,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22349,22198],{"class":1422},[64,22351,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22353,103],{"class":95},[64,22355,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22357,9270],{"class":1422},[64,22359,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22361,1117],{"class":95},[64,22363,13819],{"class":99},[64,22365,9280],{"class":95},[64,22367,22368],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22369,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22371,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22373,5926],{"class":70},[64,22375,18162],{"class":74},[64,22377,3847],{"class":70},[64,22379,12872],{"class":74},[64,22381,6363],{"class":95},[64,22383,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,22385,8039],{"class":211},[64,22387,144],{"class":95},[64,22389,22247],{"class":2029},[64,22391,1419],{"class":1422},[64,22393,9249],{"class":99},[64,22395,14796],{"class":140},[64,22397,22256],{"class":99},[64,22399,22259],{"class":1422},[64,22401,9249],{"class":99},[64,22403,13589],{"class":140},[64,22405,184],{"class":95},[64,22407,14796],{"class":140},[64,22409,977],{"class":95},[64,22411,22256],{"class":99},[64,22413,1419],{"class":1422},[64,22415,150],{"class":95},[14,22417,6477,22418,22421],{},[61,22419,22420],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22423,22424,22425,137],{},"For a full guide, see ",[543,22426,22428],{"href":22427},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[49,22430,22432],{"id":22431},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22434,22435],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[54,22437,22439],{"className":56,"code":22438,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[61,22440,22441,22500,22504,22524,22528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22442,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22478,22480,22482,22484,22487,22489,22491,22493,22496,22498],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22444,13041],{"class":74},[64,22446,92],{"class":91},[64,22448,1415],{"class":95},[64,22450,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22452,4043],{"class":1422},[64,22454,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22456,1117],{"class":95},[64,22458,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22460,13058],{"class":1422},[64,22462,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22464,103],{"class":95},[64,22466,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22468,4052],{"class":1422},[64,22470,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22472,1117],{"class":95},[64,22474,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22476,22477],{"class":1422},"yellow",[64,22479,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22481,103],{"class":95},[64,22483,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22485,22486],{"class":1422},"grape",[64,22488,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22490,1117],{"class":95},[64,22492,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22494,22495],{"class":1422},"purple",[64,22497,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22499,9280],{"class":95},[64,22501,22502],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22503,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22505,22506,22509,22511,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22507,22508],{"class":74},"pairs_list ",[64,22510,92],{"class":91},[64,22512,22513],{"class":1778}," list",[64,22515,144],{"class":95},[64,22517,17456],{"class":140},[64,22519,137],{"class":95},[64,22521,7779],{"class":140},[64,22523,7162],{"class":95},[64,22525,22526],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,22527,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22529,22530,22532,22534,22537],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,22531,212],{"class":211},[64,22533,144],{"class":95},[64,22535,22536],{"class":140},"pairs_list",[64,22538,150],{"class":95},[14,22540,22541],{},[37,22542,2035],{},[54,22544,22546],{"className":56,"code":22545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[61,22547,22548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22549,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22551,21693],{"class":95},[64,22553,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22555,4043],{"class":1422},[64,22557,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22559,103],{"class":95},[64,22561,3256],{"class":1418},[64,22563,13058],{"class":1422},[64,22565,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22567,1727],{"class":95},[64,22569,9207],{"class":95},[64,22571,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22573,4052],{"class":1422},[64,22575,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22577,103],{"class":95},[64,22579,3256],{"class":1418},[64,22581,22477],{"class":1422},[64,22583,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22585,1727],{"class":95},[64,22587,9207],{"class":95},[64,22589,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22591,22486],{"class":1422},[64,22593,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22595,103],{"class":95},[64,22597,3256],{"class":1418},[64,22599,22495],{"class":1422},[64,22601,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22603,9220],{"class":95},[14,22605,22606],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22608,22609],{},"Use this when:",[21,22611,22612,22615,22618],{},[24,22613,22614],{},"You want clearer printed output",[24,22616,22617],{},"You need list behavior",[24,22619,22620],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[49,22622,22624,10557,22626,10557,22628],{"id":22623},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[61,22625,17031],{},[61,22627,17018],{},[61,22629,17024],{},[14,22631,22632],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[21,22634,22635,22640,22645],{},[24,22636,22637,22639],{},[61,22638,17031],{}," gives both key and value",[24,22641,22642,22644],{},[61,22643,17018],{}," gives only keys",[24,22646,22647,22649],{},[61,22648,17024],{}," gives only values",[14,22651,318],{},[54,22653,22655],{"className":56,"code":22654,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[61,22656,22657,22693,22697,22715,22733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22658,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22660,13170],{"class":74},[64,22662,92],{"class":91},[64,22664,1415],{"class":95},[64,22666,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22668,7637],{"class":1422},[64,22670,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22672,1117],{"class":95},[64,22674,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22676,12846],{"class":1422},[64,22678,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22680,103],{"class":95},[64,22682,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22684,9270],{"class":1422},[64,22686,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22688,1117],{"class":95},[64,22690,9277],{"class":99},[64,22692,9280],{"class":95},[64,22694,22695],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22696,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22698,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22700,212],{"class":211},[64,22702,144],{"class":95},[64,22704,8064],{"class":1778},[64,22706,144],{"class":95},[64,22708,17260],{"class":140},[64,22710,137],{"class":95},[64,22712,16876],{"class":140},[64,22714,6259],{"class":95},[64,22716,22717,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729,22731],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,22718,212],{"class":211},[64,22720,144],{"class":95},[64,22722,8064],{"class":1778},[64,22724,144],{"class":95},[64,22726,17260],{"class":140},[64,22728,137],{"class":95},[64,22730,5325],{"class":140},[64,22732,6259],{"class":95},[64,22734,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,22736,212],{"class":211},[64,22738,144],{"class":95},[64,22740,8064],{"class":1778},[64,22742,144],{"class":95},[64,22744,17260],{"class":140},[64,22746,137],{"class":95},[64,22748,7779],{"class":140},[64,22750,6259],{"class":95},[14,22752,22753],{},[37,22754,2035],{},[54,22756,22758],{"className":56,"code":22757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[61,22759,22760,22780,22796],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22761,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22763,184],{"class":95},[64,22765,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22767,7637],{"class":1422},[64,22769,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22771,103],{"class":95},[64,22773,3256],{"class":1418},[64,22775,9270],{"class":1422},[64,22777,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22779,746],{"class":95},[64,22781,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22783,184],{"class":95},[64,22785,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22787,12846],{"class":1422},[64,22789,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22791,103],{"class":95},[64,22793,9277],{"class":99},[64,22795,746],{"class":95},[64,22797,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22799,21693],{"class":95},[64,22801,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22803,7637],{"class":1422},[64,22805,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22807,103],{"class":95},[64,22809,3256],{"class":1418},[64,22811,12846],{"class":1422},[64,22813,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22815,1727],{"class":95},[64,22817,9207],{"class":95},[64,22819,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22821,9270],{"class":1422},[64,22823,3261],{"class":1418},[64,22825,103],{"class":95},[64,22827,9277],{"class":99},[64,22829,9220],{"class":95},[14,22831,22832],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[21,22834,22835,22843,22851],{},[24,22836,22837,22838],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[543,22839,22841],{"href":22840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[61,22842,17018],{},[24,22844,22845,22846],{},"Need just values? Use ",[543,22847,22849],{"href":22848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[61,22850,17024],{},[24,22852,22853,22854],{},"Need both together? Use ",[61,22855,17031],{},[49,22857,4925,22859],{"id":22858},"when-to-use-items",[61,22860,17031],{},[14,22862,22863,22865],{},[61,22864,17031],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[21,22867,22868,22871,22874,22877,22880],{},[24,22869,22870],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[24,22872,22873],{},"Building formatted output",[24,22875,22876],{},"Looping through settings and values",[24,22878,22879],{},"Showing names with scores",[24,22881,22882],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22884,318],{},[54,22886,22888],{"className":56,"code":22887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[61,22889,22890,22898,22916,22935,22947,22951,22955,22976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,22891,22892,22894,22896],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22893,13787],{"class":74},[64,22895,92],{"class":91},[64,22897,11467],{"class":95},[64,22899,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,22901,11472],{"class":1418},[64,22903,12461],{"class":1422},[64,22905,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22907,1117],{"class":95},[64,22909,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22911,12470],{"class":1422},[64,22913,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22915,11488],{"class":95},[64,22917,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22931,22933],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,22919,11472],{"class":1418},[64,22921,20077],{"class":1422},[64,22923,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22925,1117],{"class":95},[64,22927,3315],{"class":1418},[64,22929,22930],{"class":1422},"English",[64,22932,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22934,11488],{"class":95},[64,22936,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,22938,11472],{"class":1418},[64,22940,18478],{"class":1422},[64,22942,1419],{"class":1418},[64,22944,1117],{"class":95},[64,22946,6392],{"class":3816},[64,22948,22949],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,22950,9280],{"class":95},[64,22952,22953],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,22954,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,22956,22957,22959,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,22958,5926],{"class":70},[64,22960,22961],{"class":74}," setting",[64,22963,103],{"class":95},[64,22965,21537],{"class":74},[64,22967,3847],{"class":70},[64,22969,13831],{"class":74},[64,22971,137],{"class":95},[64,22973,7779],{"class":140},[64,22975,21548],{"class":95},[64,22977,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22991,22993,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,22979,8039],{"class":211},[64,22981,144],{"class":95},[64,22983,22247],{"class":2029},[64,22985,1419],{"class":1422},[64,22987,9249],{"class":99},[64,22989,22990],{"class":140},"setting",[64,22992,22256],{"class":99},[64,22994,22995],{"class":1422}," = ",[64,22997,9249],{"class":99},[64,22999,2436],{"class":140},[64,23001,22256],{"class":99},[64,23003,1419],{"class":1422},[64,23005,150],{"class":95},[14,23007,23008],{},[37,23009,2035],{},[54,23011,23013],{"className":56,"code":23012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[61,23014,23015,23025,23035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23016,23017,23020,23022],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23018,23019],{"class":74},"theme ",[64,23021,92],{"class":91},[64,23023,23024],{"class":74}," dark\n",[64,23026,23027,23030,23032],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23028,23029],{"class":74},"language ",[64,23031,92],{"class":91},[64,23033,23034],{"class":74}," English\n",[64,23036,23037,23040,23042],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23038,23039],{"class":74},"notifications ",[64,23041,92],{"class":91},[64,23043,6392],{"class":3816},[49,23045,1646],{"id":1645},[14,23047,23048,23049,137],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[61,23050,17031],{},[816,23052,23054,23055,23057],{"id":23053},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[61,23056,17031],{}," incorrectly",[14,23059,23060,23061,23063,23064,23067],{},"Each result from ",[61,23062,17031],{}," has ",[37,23065,23066],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23069,6655],{},[54,23071,23072],{"className":56,"code":21483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,23073,23074,23110,23114,23134],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23075,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23077,13170],{"class":74},[64,23079,92],{"class":91},[64,23081,1415],{"class":95},[64,23083,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23085,7637],{"class":1422},[64,23087,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23089,1117],{"class":95},[64,23091,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23093,12846],{"class":1422},[64,23095,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23097,103],{"class":95},[64,23099,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23101,9270],{"class":1422},[64,23103,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23105,1117],{"class":95},[64,23107,9277],{"class":99},[64,23109,9280],{"class":95},[64,23111,23112],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23113,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,23115,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23117,5926],{"class":70},[64,23119,21532],{"class":74},[64,23121,103],{"class":95},[64,23123,21537],{"class":74},[64,23125,3847],{"class":70},[64,23127,13213],{"class":74},[64,23129,137],{"class":95},[64,23131,7779],{"class":140},[64,23133,21548],{"class":95},[64,23135,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,23137,8039],{"class":211},[64,23139,144],{"class":95},[64,23141,14796],{"class":140},[64,23143,103],{"class":95},[64,23145,8403],{"class":140},[64,23147,150],{"class":95},[14,23149,23150],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[54,23152,23154],{"className":56,"code":23153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[61,23155,23156,23192,23196,23212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23157,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23159,13170],{"class":74},[64,23161,92],{"class":91},[64,23163,1415],{"class":95},[64,23165,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23167,7637],{"class":1422},[64,23169,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23171,1117],{"class":95},[64,23173,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23175,12846],{"class":1422},[64,23177,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23179,103],{"class":95},[64,23181,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23183,9270],{"class":1422},[64,23185,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23187,1117],{"class":95},[64,23189,9277],{"class":99},[64,23191,9280],{"class":95},[64,23193,23194],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23195,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,23197,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23199,5926],{"class":70},[64,23201,18162],{"class":74},[64,23203,3847],{"class":70},[64,23205,13213],{"class":74},[64,23207,137],{"class":95},[64,23209,7779],{"class":140},[64,23211,21548],{"class":95},[64,23213,23214,23216,23218,23220],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,23215,8039],{"class":211},[64,23217,144],{"class":95},[64,23219,14796],{"class":140},[64,23221,150],{"class":95},[14,23223,23224,23225,23227,23228,23231],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[61,23226,14796],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[61,23229,23230],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23233,23234],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[54,23236,23238],{"className":56,"code":23237,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[61,23239,23240,23256],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23241,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23243,5926],{"class":70},[64,23245,5929],{"class":74},[64,23247,3847],{"class":70},[64,23249,13213],{"class":74},[64,23251,137],{"class":95},[64,23253,7779],{"class":140},[64,23255,21548],{"class":95},[64,23257,23258,23260,23262,23265],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23259,8039],{"class":211},[64,23261,144],{"class":95},[64,23263,23264],{"class":140},"item",[64,23266,150],{"class":95},[14,23268,23269],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[54,23271,23273],{"className":56,"code":23272,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[61,23274,23275,23295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23276,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23278,5926],{"class":70},[64,23280,21532],{"class":74},[64,23282,103],{"class":95},[64,23284,21537],{"class":74},[64,23286,3847],{"class":70},[64,23288,13213],{"class":74},[64,23290,137],{"class":95},[64,23292,7779],{"class":140},[64,23294,21548],{"class":95},[64,23296,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23298,8039],{"class":211},[64,23300,144],{"class":95},[64,23302,14796],{"class":140},[64,23304,103],{"class":95},[64,23306,8403],{"class":140},[64,23308,150],{"class":95},[816,23310,8423,23312,23314],{"id":23311},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[61,23313,17031],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23316,23317,21928,23319,23321],{},[61,23318,17031],{},[61,23320,21861],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23323,23324],{},"Check it:",[54,23326,23328],{"className":56,"code":23327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[61,23329,23330,23362,23366,23380,23398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23331,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23333,11698],{"class":74},[64,23335,92],{"class":91},[64,23337,1415],{"class":95},[64,23339,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23341,543],{"class":1422},[64,23343,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23345,1117],{"class":95},[64,23347,5465],{"class":99},[64,23349,103],{"class":95},[64,23351,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23353,1235],{"class":1422},[64,23355,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23357,1117],{"class":95},[64,23359,106],{"class":99},[64,23361,9280],{"class":95},[64,23363,23364],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23365,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,23367,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23369,212],{"class":211},[64,23371,144],{"class":95},[64,23373,11423],{"class":140},[64,23375,137],{"class":95},[64,23377,7779],{"class":140},[64,23379,7162],{"class":95},[64,23381,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,23383,212],{"class":211},[64,23385,144],{"class":95},[64,23387,1779],{"class":1778},[64,23389,144],{"class":95},[64,23391,11423],{"class":140},[64,23393,137],{"class":95},[64,23395,7779],{"class":140},[64,23397,6259],{"class":95},[64,23399,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,23401,212],{"class":211},[64,23403,144],{"class":95},[64,23405,8064],{"class":1778},[64,23407,144],{"class":95},[64,23409,11423],{"class":140},[64,23411,137],{"class":95},[64,23413,7779],{"class":140},[64,23415,6259],{"class":95},[14,23417,23418],{},[37,23419,2035],{},[54,23421,23423],{"className":56,"code":23422,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[61,23424,23425,23457,23471],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23426,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23428,21861],{"class":140},[64,23430,9629],{"class":95},[64,23432,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23434,543],{"class":1422},[64,23436,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23438,103],{"class":95},[64,23440,5465],{"class":99},[64,23442,1727],{"class":95},[64,23444,9207],{"class":95},[64,23446,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23448,1235],{"class":1422},[64,23450,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23452,103],{"class":95},[64,23454,106],{"class":99},[64,23456,10651],{"class":95},[64,23458,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23460,3250],{"class":91},[64,23462,3253],{"class":2029},[64,23464,3256],{"class":1418},[64,23466,21861],{"class":1422},[64,23468,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23470,3264],{"class":91},[64,23472,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23474,21693],{"class":95},[64,23476,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23478,543],{"class":1422},[64,23480,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23482,103],{"class":95},[64,23484,5465],{"class":99},[64,23486,1727],{"class":95},[64,23488,9207],{"class":95},[64,23490,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23492,1235],{"class":1422},[64,23494,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23496,103],{"class":95},[64,23498,106],{"class":99},[64,23500,9220],{"class":95},[816,23502,23504,23505],{"id":23503},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[61,23506,17031],{},[14,23508,23509],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23511,23512],{},"Problem example:",[54,23514,23516],{"className":56,"code":23515,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[61,23517,23518,23562,23566,23586,23598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23519,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23521,1161],{"class":74},[64,23523,92],{"class":91},[64,23525,1415],{"class":95},[64,23527,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23529,543],{"class":1422},[64,23531,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23533,1117],{"class":95},[64,23535,5465],{"class":99},[64,23537,103],{"class":95},[64,23539,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23541,1235],{"class":1422},[64,23543,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23545,1117],{"class":95},[64,23547,106],{"class":99},[64,23549,103],{"class":95},[64,23551,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23553,9711],{"class":1422},[64,23555,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23557,1117],{"class":95},[64,23559,743],{"class":99},[64,23561,9280],{"class":95},[64,23563,23564],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23565,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,23567,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23569,5926],{"class":70},[64,23571,21532],{"class":74},[64,23573,103],{"class":95},[64,23575,21537],{"class":74},[64,23577,3847],{"class":70},[64,23579,1191],{"class":74},[64,23581,137],{"class":95},[64,23583,7779],{"class":140},[64,23585,21548],{"class":95},[64,23587,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,23589,6368],{"class":70},[64,23591,21537],{"class":74},[64,23593,1707],{"class":91},[64,23595,106],{"class":99},[64,23597,6363],{"class":95},[64,23599,23600,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,23601,23602],{"class":74},"        numbers",[64,23604,184],{"class":95},[64,23606,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23608,18721],{"class":1422},[64,23610,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23612,977],{"class":95},[64,23614,13241],{"class":91},[64,23616,23617],{"class":99}," 4\n",[14,23619,23620],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23622,23623],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[54,23625,23627],{"className":56,"code":23626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,23628,23629,23673,23677,23702,23714,23732,23736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23630,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23632,1161],{"class":74},[64,23634,92],{"class":91},[64,23636,1415],{"class":95},[64,23638,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23640,543],{"class":1422},[64,23642,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23644,1117],{"class":95},[64,23646,5465],{"class":99},[64,23648,103],{"class":95},[64,23650,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23652,1235],{"class":1422},[64,23654,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23656,1117],{"class":95},[64,23658,106],{"class":99},[64,23660,103],{"class":95},[64,23662,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23664,9711],{"class":1422},[64,23666,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23668,1117],{"class":95},[64,23670,743],{"class":99},[64,23672,9280],{"class":95},[64,23674,23675],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23676,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,23678,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23680,5926],{"class":70},[64,23682,21532],{"class":74},[64,23684,103],{"class":95},[64,23686,21537],{"class":74},[64,23688,3847],{"class":70},[64,23690,22513],{"class":1778},[64,23692,144],{"class":95},[64,23694,3611],{"class":140},[64,23696,137],{"class":95},[64,23698,7779],{"class":140},[64,23700,23701],{"class":95},"()):\n",[64,23703,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,23705,6368],{"class":70},[64,23707,21537],{"class":74},[64,23709,1707],{"class":91},[64,23711,106],{"class":99},[64,23713,6363],{"class":95},[64,23715,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,23717,23602],{"class":74},[64,23719,184],{"class":95},[64,23721,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23723,18721],{"class":1422},[64,23725,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23727,977],{"class":95},[64,23729,13241],{"class":91},[64,23731,23617],{"class":99},[64,23733,23734],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,23735,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,23737,23738,23740,23742,23744],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,23739,212],{"class":211},[64,23741,144],{"class":95},[64,23743,3611],{"class":140},[64,23745,150],{"class":95},[816,23747,23749],{"id":23748},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23751,23752],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[54,23754,23756],{"className":56,"code":23755,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[61,23757,23758,23790,23794,23810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23759,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23761,9137],{"class":74},[64,23763,92],{"class":91},[64,23765,1415],{"class":95},[64,23767,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23769,2137],{"class":1422},[64,23771,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23773,1117],{"class":95},[64,23775,5973],{"class":99},[64,23777,103],{"class":95},[64,23779,3315],{"class":1418},[64,23781,11719],{"class":1422},[64,23783,1419],{"class":1418},[64,23785,1117],{"class":95},[64,23787,1437],{"class":99},[64,23789,9280],{"class":95},[64,23791,23792],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23793,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,23795,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,23797,5926],{"class":70},[64,23799,5929],{"class":74},[64,23801,3847],{"class":70},[64,23803,14523],{"class":74},[64,23805,137],{"class":95},[64,23807,7779],{"class":140},[64,23809,21548],{"class":95},[64,23811,23812,23814,23816,23818],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,23813,8039],{"class":211},[64,23815,144],{"class":95},[64,23817,23264],{"class":140},[64,23819,150],{"class":95},[14,23821,23822],{},[37,23823,2035],{},[54,23825,23827],{"className":56,"code":23826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[61,23828,23829,23845],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23832,144],{"class":95},[64,23834,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23836,2137],{"class":1422},[64,23838,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23840,103],{"class":95},[64,23842,5973],{"class":99},[64,23844,150],{"class":95},[64,23846,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23848,144],{"class":95},[64,23850,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23852,11719],{"class":1422},[64,23854,3261],{"class":1418},[64,23856,103],{"class":95},[64,23858,1437],{"class":99},[64,23860,150],{"class":95},[14,23862,23863,23864,23866],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[61,23865,21608],{}," pair.",[49,23868,1826],{"id":1825},[816,23870,23872,23873,5110],{"id":23871},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[61,23874,17031],{},[14,23876,17375,23877,23879],{},[61,23878,21861],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[816,23881,12670,23883,23885],{"id":23882},"does-items-return-a-list",[61,23884,17031],{}," return a list?",[14,23887,23888,23889,23892],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[61,23890,23891],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[816,23894,23896,23897,2456],{"id":23895},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[61,23898,17031],{},[14,23900,23901],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[54,23903,23905],{"className":56,"code":23904,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[61,23906,23907,23927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,23908,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23910,5926],{"class":70},[64,23912,21532],{"class":74},[64,23914,103],{"class":95},[64,23916,21537],{"class":74},[64,23918,3847],{"class":70},[64,23920,11740],{"class":74},[64,23922,137],{"class":95},[64,23924,7779],{"class":140},[64,23926,21548],{"class":95},[64,23928,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,23930,8039],{"class":211},[64,23932,144],{"class":95},[64,23934,14796],{"class":140},[64,23936,103],{"class":95},[64,23938,8403],{"class":140},[64,23940,150],{"class":95},[816,23942,12670,23944,23946],{"id":23943},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[61,23945,17031],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23948,23949],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[49,23951,1865],{"id":1864},[21,23953,23954,23960,23966,23971,23975],{},[24,23955,23956],{},[543,23957,10709,23958,1248],{"href":22840},[61,23959,17018],{},[24,23961,23962],{},[543,23963,10709,23964,1248],{"href":22848},[61,23965,17024],{},[24,23967,23968],{},[543,23969,23970],{"href":22427},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[24,23972,23973],{},[543,23974,9127],{"href":12988},[24,23976,23977],{},[543,23978,23979],{"href":21731},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1898,23981,23982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":23984},[23985,23986,23988,23989,23990,23992,23993,23995,23997,24006,24016],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":21591,"depth":78,"text":23987},"What items() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":21922,"depth":78,"text":21923},{"id":22148,"depth":78,"text":23991},"Looping with items()",{"id":22431,"depth":78,"text":22432},{"id":22623,"depth":78,"text":23994},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22858,"depth":78,"text":23996},"When to use items()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":23998},[23999,24001,24003,24005],{"id":23053,"depth":85,"text":24000},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23311,"depth":85,"text":24002},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23503,"depth":85,"text":24004},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23748,"depth":85,"text":23749},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":24007},[24008,24010,24012,24014],{"id":23871,"depth":85,"text":24009},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23882,"depth":85,"text":24011},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23895,"depth":85,"text":24013},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23943,"depth":85,"text":24015},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21459,"description":24017},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24024,"title":24025,"body":24026,"description":26117,"extension":1927,"meta":26118,"navigation":81,"path":22840,"seo":26119,"stem":26120,"__hash__":26121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24027,"toc":26083},[24028,24033,24039,24042,24053,24060,24062,24145,24149,24196,24201,24206,24211,24213,24229,24231,24330,24334,24391,24394,24396,24399,24492,24496,24559,24562,24578,24583,24585,24587,24602,24604,24615,24617,24660,24663,24707,24710,24712,24719,24722,24739,24741,24834,24838,24879,24891,24895,24898,24986,24990,25010,25013,25040,25047,25052,25056,25067,25069,25173,25177,25203,25206,25273,25278,25281,25304,25309,25313,25318,25324,25329,25331,25386,25390,25417,25424,25430,25433,25458,25464,25490,25493,25568,25575,25580,25582,25621,25639,25643,25646,25689,25692,25694,25713,25715,25720,25745,25748,25818,25821,25894,25898,25900,25961,25964,25980,25982,25987,25992,25999,26008,26014,26020,26027,26033,26037,26042,26044,26080],[10,24029,11291,24031,11295],{"id":24030},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[61,24032,17018],{},[14,24034,24035,24036,24038],{},"The Python dictionary ",[61,24037,17018],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24040,24041],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[21,24043,24044,24047,24050],{},[24,24045,24046],{},"view the available keys",[24,24048,24049],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[24,24051,24052],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24054,24055,24057,24058,137],{},[61,24056,17018],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[61,24059,16967],{},[49,24061,52],{"id":51},[54,24063,24065],{"className":56,"code":24064,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[61,24066,24067,24103,24117,24121,24131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24068,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24070,12829],{"class":74},[64,24072,92],{"class":91},[64,24074,1415],{"class":95},[64,24076,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24078,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24080,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24082,1117],{"class":95},[64,24084,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24086,12846],{"class":1422},[64,24088,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24090,103],{"class":95},[64,24092,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24094,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24096,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24098,1117],{"class":95},[64,24100,1437],{"class":99},[64,24102,9280],{"class":95},[64,24104,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24106,17195],{"class":74},[64,24108,92],{"class":91},[64,24110,12872],{"class":74},[64,24112,137],{"class":95},[64,24114,16876],{"class":140},[64,24116,366],{"class":95},[64,24118,24119],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,24120,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,24122,24123,24125,24127,24129],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,24124,212],{"class":211},[64,24126,144],{"class":95},[64,24128,16876],{"class":140},[64,24130,150],{"class":95},[64,24132,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,24134,212],{"class":211},[64,24136,144],{"class":95},[64,24138,8064],{"class":1778},[64,24140,144],{"class":95},[64,24142,16876],{"class":140},[64,24144,1737],{"class":95},[14,24146,24147],{},[37,24148,2035],{},[54,24150,24152],{"className":56,"code":24151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[61,24153,24154,24176],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24155,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24157,16967],{"class":140},[64,24159,382],{"class":95},[64,24161,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24163,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24165,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24167,103],{"class":95},[64,24169,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24171,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24173,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24175,393],{"class":95},[64,24177,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24179,184],{"class":95},[64,24181,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24183,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24185,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24187,103],{"class":95},[64,24189,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24191,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24193,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24195,746],{"class":95},[14,24197,256,24198,24200],{},[61,24199,17018],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[49,24202,3639,24204,3642],{"id":24203},"what-keys-does",[61,24205,17018],{},[14,24207,24208,24210],{},[61,24209,17018],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24212,11432],{},[21,24214,24215,24218,24221,24226],{},[24,24216,24217],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[24,24219,24220],{},"It does not need any arguments",[24,24222,17375,24223,24225],{},[61,24224,16967],{}," view object, not a list",[24,24227,24228],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24230,318],{},[54,24232,24234],{"className":56,"code":24233,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[61,24235,24236,24272,24276,24290,24294,24316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24237,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24239,13170],{"class":74},[64,24241,92],{"class":91},[64,24243,1415],{"class":95},[64,24245,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24247,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24249,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24251,1117],{"class":95},[64,24253,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24255,13187],{"class":1422},[64,24257,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24259,103],{"class":95},[64,24261,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24263,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24265,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24267,1117],{"class":95},[64,24269,9277],{"class":99},[64,24271,9280],{"class":95},[64,24273,24274],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24275,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,24277,24278,24280,24282,24284,24286,24288],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,24279,212],{"class":211},[64,24281,144],{"class":95},[64,24283,17260],{"class":140},[64,24285,137],{"class":95},[64,24287,16876],{"class":140},[64,24289,7162],{"class":95},[64,24291,24292],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,24293,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,24295,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,24297,17260],{"class":74},[64,24299,184],{"class":95},[64,24301,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24303,10381],{"class":1422},[64,24305,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24307,977],{"class":95},[64,24309,13241],{"class":91},[64,24311,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24313,10388],{"class":1422},[64,24315,3321],{"class":1418},[64,24317,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,24319,212],{"class":211},[64,24321,144],{"class":95},[64,24323,17260],{"class":140},[64,24325,137],{"class":95},[64,24327,16876],{"class":140},[64,24329,7162],{"class":95},[14,24331,24332],{},[37,24333,2035],{},[54,24335,24337],{"className":56,"code":24336,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[61,24338,24339,24361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24340,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24342,16967],{"class":140},[64,24344,382],{"class":95},[64,24346,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24348,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24350,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24352,103],{"class":95},[64,24354,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24356,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24358,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24360,393],{"class":95},[64,24362,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24364,16967],{"class":140},[64,24366,382],{"class":95},[64,24368,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24370,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24372,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24374,103],{"class":95},[64,24376,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24378,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24380,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24382,103],{"class":95},[64,24384,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24386,10381],{"class":1422},[64,24388,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24390,393],{"class":95},[14,24392,24393],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[49,24395,5755],{"id":5754},[14,24397,24398],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[54,24400,24402],{"className":56,"code":24401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[61,24403,24404,24456,24460,24474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24405,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24407,9137],{"class":74},[64,24409,92],{"class":91},[64,24411,1415],{"class":95},[64,24413,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24415,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24417,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24419,1117],{"class":95},[64,24421,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24423,12846],{"class":1422},[64,24425,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24427,103],{"class":95},[64,24429,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24431,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24433,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24435,1117],{"class":95},[64,24437,1437],{"class":99},[64,24439,103],{"class":95},[64,24441,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24443,19845],{"class":1422},[64,24445,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24447,1117],{"class":95},[64,24449,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24451,22198],{"class":1422},[64,24453,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24455,9280],{"class":95},[64,24457,24458],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24459,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,24461,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,24463,212],{"class":211},[64,24465,144],{"class":95},[64,24467,9176],{"class":140},[64,24469,137],{"class":95},[64,24471,16876],{"class":140},[64,24473,7162],{"class":95},[64,24475,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,24477,212],{"class":211},[64,24479,144],{"class":95},[64,24481,8064],{"class":1778},[64,24483,144],{"class":95},[64,24485,9176],{"class":140},[64,24487,137],{"class":95},[64,24489,16876],{"class":140},[64,24491,6259],{"class":95},[14,24493,24494],{},[37,24495,2035],{},[54,24497,24499],{"className":56,"code":24498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[61,24500,24501,24531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24502,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24504,16967],{"class":140},[64,24506,382],{"class":95},[64,24508,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24510,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24512,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24514,103],{"class":95},[64,24516,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24518,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24520,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24522,103],{"class":95},[64,24524,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24526,19845],{"class":1422},[64,24528,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24530,393],{"class":95},[64,24532,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24534,184],{"class":95},[64,24536,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24538,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24540,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24542,103],{"class":95},[64,24544,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24546,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24548,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24550,103],{"class":95},[64,24552,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24554,19845],{"class":1422},[64,24556,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24558,746],{"class":95},[14,24560,24561],{},"This shows two things:",[21,24563,24564,24572],{},[24,24565,24566,21928,24569,24571],{},[61,24567,24568],{},"data.keys()",[61,24570,16967],{}," object",[24,24573,24574,24577],{},[61,24575,24576],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24579,9123,24580,137],{},[543,24581,24582],{"href":9362},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[49,24584,5398],{"id":5397},[14,24586,2123],{},[54,24588,24590],{"className":56,"code":24589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.keys()\n",[61,24591,24592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24593,24594,24596,24598,24600],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24595,11423],{"class":74},[64,24597,137],{"class":95},[64,24599,16876],{"class":140},[64,24601,366],{"class":95},[14,24603,21753],{},[21,24605,24606,24609,24612],{},[24,24607,24608],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[24,24610,24611],{},"It takes no parameters",[24,24613,24614],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24616,16608],{},[54,24618,24620],{"className":56,"code":24619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[61,24621,24622,24646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24623,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24625,12829],{"class":74},[64,24627,92],{"class":91},[64,24629,1415],{"class":95},[64,24631,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24633,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24635,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24637,1117],{"class":95},[64,24639,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24641,12846],{"class":1422},[64,24643,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24645,9280],{"class":95},[64,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24649,212],{"class":211},[64,24651,144],{"class":95},[64,24653,13589],{"class":140},[64,24655,137],{"class":95},[64,24657,16876],{"class":140},[64,24659,7162],{"class":95},[14,24661,24662],{},"Incorrect:",[54,24664,24666],{"className":56,"code":24665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[61,24667,24668,24692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24669,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24671,12829],{"class":74},[64,24673,92],{"class":91},[64,24675,1415],{"class":95},[64,24677,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24679,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24681,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24683,1117],{"class":95},[64,24685,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24687,12846],{"class":1422},[64,24689,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24691,9280],{"class":95},[64,24693,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24705],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24695,212],{"class":211},[64,24697,144],{"class":95},[64,24699,13589],{"class":140},[64,24701,137],{"class":95},[64,24703,16876],{"class":24704},"skxfh",[64,24706,150],{"class":95},[14,24708,24709],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[49,24711,17372],{"id":17371},[14,24713,24714,21928,24716,24718],{},[61,24715,17018],{},[61,24717,16967],{}," object.",[14,24720,24721],{},"This object:",[21,24723,24724,24727,24730,24736],{},[24,24725,24726],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[24,24728,24729],{},"can be used in a loop",[24,24731,24732,24733],{},"can be converted with ",[61,24734,24735],{},"list()",[24,24737,24738],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24740,318],{},[54,24742,24744],{"className":56,"code":24743,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,24745,24746,24787,24791,24806,24810,24820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24747,24748,24751,24753,24755,24757,24760,24762,24764,24766,24769,24771,24773,24775,24778,24780,24782,24785],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24749,24750],{"class":74},"car ",[64,24752,92],{"class":91},[64,24754,1415],{"class":95},[64,24756,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24758,24759],{"class":1422},"brand",[64,24761,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24763,1117],{"class":95},[64,24765,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24767,24768],{"class":1422},"Toyota",[64,24770,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24772,103],{"class":95},[64,24774,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24776,24777],{"class":1422},"year",[64,24779,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24781,1117],{"class":95},[64,24783,24784],{"class":99}," 2020",[64,24786,9280],{"class":95},[64,24788,24789],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24790,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,24792,24793,24795,24797,24800,24802,24804],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,24794,2194],{"class":74},[64,24796,92],{"class":91},[64,24798,24799],{"class":74}," car",[64,24801,137],{"class":95},[64,24803,16876],{"class":140},[64,24805,366],{"class":95},[64,24807,24808],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,24809,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,24811,24812,24814,24816,24818],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,24813,212],{"class":211},[64,24815,144],{"class":95},[64,24817,2229],{"class":140},[64,24819,150],{"class":95},[64,24821,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,24823,212],{"class":211},[64,24825,144],{"class":95},[64,24827,1779],{"class":1778},[64,24829,144],{"class":95},[64,24831,2229],{"class":140},[64,24833,1737],{"class":95},[14,24835,24836],{},[37,24837,2035],{},[54,24839,24841],{"className":56,"code":24840,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[61,24842,24843,24865],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24844,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859,24861,24863],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24846,16967],{"class":140},[64,24848,382],{"class":95},[64,24850,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24852,24759],{"class":1422},[64,24854,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24856,103],{"class":95},[64,24858,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24860,24777],{"class":1422},[64,24862,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24864,393],{"class":95},[64,24866,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24868,3250],{"class":91},[64,24870,3253],{"class":2029},[64,24872,3256],{"class":1418},[64,24874,16967],{"class":1422},[64,24876,3261],{"class":1418},[64,24878,3264],{"class":91},[14,24880,24881,24882,24886,24887,137],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[543,24883,10709,24884,1248],{"href":17021},[61,24885,17024],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[543,24888,10709,24889,1248],{"href":17028},[61,24890,17031],{},[49,24892,24894],{"id":24893},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24896,24897],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[54,24899,24901],{"className":56,"code":24900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[61,24902,24903,24956,24960,24976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24904,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24952,24954],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24906,12829],{"class":74},[64,24908,92],{"class":91},[64,24910,1415],{"class":95},[64,24912,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24914,7637],{"class":1422},[64,24916,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24918,1117],{"class":95},[64,24920,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24922,12846],{"class":1422},[64,24924,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24926,103],{"class":95},[64,24928,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24930,9270],{"class":1422},[64,24932,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24934,1117],{"class":95},[64,24936,1437],{"class":99},[64,24938,103],{"class":95},[64,24940,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24942,15281],{"class":1422},[64,24944,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24946,1117],{"class":95},[64,24948,3315],{"class":1418},[64,24950,24951],{"class":1422},"Math",[64,24953,1419],{"class":1418},[64,24955,9280],{"class":95},[64,24957,24958],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,24959,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,24961,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,24963,5926],{"class":70},[64,24965,18162],{"class":74},[64,24967,3847],{"class":70},[64,24969,12872],{"class":74},[64,24971,137],{"class":95},[64,24973,16876],{"class":140},[64,24975,21548],{"class":95},[64,24977,24978,24980,24982,24984],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,24979,8039],{"class":211},[64,24981,144],{"class":95},[64,24983,14796],{"class":140},[64,24985,150],{"class":95},[14,24987,24988],{},[37,24989,2035],{},[54,24991,24993],{"className":56,"code":24992,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[61,24994,24995,25000,25005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,24996,24997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24998,24999],{"class":74},"name\n",[64,25001,25002],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25003,25004],{"class":74},"age\n",[64,25006,25007],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25008,25009],{"class":74},"course\n",[14,25011,25012],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[54,25014,25016],{"className":56,"code":25015,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[61,25017,25018,25030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25019,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25021,5926],{"class":70},[64,25023,18162],{"class":74},[64,25025,3847],{"class":70},[64,25027,12872],{"class":74},[64,25029,6363],{"class":95},[64,25031,25032,25034,25036,25038],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25033,8039],{"class":211},[64,25035,144],{"class":95},[64,25037,14796],{"class":140},[64,25039,150],{"class":95},[14,25041,25042,25043,25046],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[61,25044,25045],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[49,25048,4925,25050],{"id":25049},"when-to-use-keys",[61,25051,17018],{},[14,25053,256,25054,10573],{},[61,25055,17018],{},[21,25057,25058,25061,25064],{},[24,25059,25060],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[24,25062,25063],{},"you want to display available fields",[24,25065,25066],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25068,318],{},[54,25070,25072],{"className":56,"code":25071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[61,25073,25074,25127,25131,25146,25163],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25075,25076,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25096,25098,25100,25102,25105,25107,25109,25112,25114,25116,25119,25121,25123,25125],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25077,25078],{"class":74},"product ",[64,25080,92],{"class":91},[64,25082,1415],{"class":95},[64,25084,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25086,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25088,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25090,1117],{"class":95},[64,25092,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25094,25095],{"class":1422},"Book",[64,25097,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25099,103],{"class":95},[64,25101,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25103,25104],{"class":1422},"price",[64,25106,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25108,1117],{"class":95},[64,25110,25111],{"class":99}," 12.99",[64,25113,103],{"class":95},[64,25115,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25117,25118],{"class":1422},"stock",[64,25120,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25122,1117],{"class":95},[64,25124,4570],{"class":99},[64,25126,9280],{"class":95},[64,25128,25129],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25130,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,25132,25133,25135,25137,25139,25142,25144],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25134,212],{"class":211},[64,25136,144],{"class":95},[64,25138,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25140,25141],{"class":1422},"Available fields:",[64,25143,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25145,150],{"class":95},[64,25147,25148,25150,25152,25154,25157,25159,25161],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,25149,5926],{"class":70},[64,25151,18162],{"class":74},[64,25153,3847],{"class":70},[64,25155,25156],{"class":74}," product",[64,25158,137],{"class":95},[64,25160,16876],{"class":140},[64,25162,21548],{"class":95},[64,25164,25165,25167,25169,25171],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,25166,8039],{"class":211},[64,25168,144],{"class":95},[64,25170,14796],{"class":140},[64,25172,150],{"class":95},[14,25174,25175],{},[37,25176,2035],{},[54,25178,25180],{"className":56,"code":25179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[61,25181,25182,25189,25193,25198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25183,25184,25187],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25185,25186],{"class":74},"Available fields",[64,25188,6363],{"class":95},[64,25190,25191],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25192,24999],{"class":74},[64,25194,25195],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25196,25197],{"class":74},"price\n",[64,25199,25200],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,25201,25202],{"class":74},"stock\n",[14,25204,25205],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[54,25207,25209],{"className":56,"code":25208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[61,25210,25211,25247,25251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25212,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241,25243,25245],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25214,25078],{"class":74},[64,25216,92],{"class":91},[64,25218,1415],{"class":95},[64,25220,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25222,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25224,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25226,1117],{"class":95},[64,25228,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25230,25095],{"class":1422},[64,25232,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25234,103],{"class":95},[64,25236,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25238,25104],{"class":1422},[64,25240,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25242,1117],{"class":95},[64,25244,25111],{"class":99},[64,25246,9280],{"class":95},[64,25248,25249],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25250,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,25252,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267,25269,25271],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25254,212],{"class":211},[64,25256,144],{"class":95},[64,25258,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25260,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25262,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25264,21127],{"class":70},[64,25266,25156],{"class":140},[64,25268,137],{"class":95},[64,25270,16876],{"class":140},[64,25272,7162],{"class":95},[14,25274,25275,25276,137],{},"This works and returns ",[61,25277,3567],{},[14,25279,25280],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[54,25282,25284],{"className":56,"code":25283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[61,25285,25286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25287,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25289,212],{"class":211},[64,25291,144],{"class":95},[64,25293,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25295,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25297,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25299,21127],{"class":70},[64,25301,25156],{"class":140},[64,25303,150],{"class":95},[14,25305,25306,25307,137],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[543,25308,21159],{"href":17106},[49,25310,25312],{"id":25311},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25314,25315,25316,137],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[61,25317,17018],{},[816,25319,8423,25321,25323],{"id":25320},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[61,25322,17018],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25325,25326,25328],{},[61,25327,17018],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25330,318],{},[54,25332,25334],{"className":56,"code":25333,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[61,25335,25336,25372],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25337,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25339,9137],{"class":74},[64,25341,92],{"class":91},[64,25343,1415],{"class":95},[64,25345,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25347,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25349,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25351,1117],{"class":95},[64,25353,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25355,12846],{"class":1422},[64,25357,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25359,103],{"class":95},[64,25361,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25363,9270],{"class":1422},[64,25365,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25367,1117],{"class":95},[64,25369,1437],{"class":99},[64,25371,9280],{"class":95},[64,25373,25374,25376,25378,25380,25382,25384],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25375,212],{"class":211},[64,25377,144],{"class":95},[64,25379,9176],{"class":140},[64,25381,137],{"class":95},[64,25383,16876],{"class":140},[64,25385,7162],{"class":95},[14,25387,25388],{},[37,25389,2035],{},[54,25391,25393],{"className":56,"code":25392,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[61,25394,25395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25396,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413,25415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25398,16967],{"class":140},[64,25400,382],{"class":95},[64,25402,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25404,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25406,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25408,103],{"class":95},[64,25410,3256],{"class":1418},[64,25412,9270],{"class":1422},[64,25414,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25416,393],{"class":95},[14,25418,25419,25420,137],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[543,25421,25422],{"href":17028},[61,25423,17031],{},[816,25425,25427,25428],{"id":25426},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[61,25429,16967],{},[14,25431,25432],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[54,25434,25436],{"className":56,"code":25435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age']\n",[61,25437,25438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25439,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25441,184],{"class":95},[64,25443,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25445,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25447,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25449,103],{"class":95},[64,25451,3256],{"class":1418},[64,25453,9270],{"class":1422},[64,25455,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25457,746],{"class":95},[14,25459,25460,25461,25463],{},"But ",[61,25462,17018],{}," returns:",[54,25465,25466],{"className":56,"code":25392,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,25467,25468],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25469,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25471,16967],{"class":140},[64,25473,382],{"class":95},[64,25475,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25477,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25479,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25481,103],{"class":95},[64,25483,3256],{"class":1418},[64,25485,9270],{"class":1422},[64,25487,3261],{"class":1418},[64,25489,393],{"class":95},[14,25491,25492],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[54,25494,25496],{"className":56,"code":25495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[61,25497,25498,25534,25553,25557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25499,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25501,9137],{"class":74},[64,25503,92],{"class":91},[64,25505,1415],{"class":95},[64,25507,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25509,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25511,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25513,1117],{"class":95},[64,25515,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25517,12846],{"class":1422},[64,25519,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25521,103],{"class":95},[64,25523,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25525,9270],{"class":1422},[64,25527,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25529,1117],{"class":95},[64,25531,1437],{"class":99},[64,25533,9280],{"class":95},[64,25535,25536,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25537,25538],{"class":74},"key_list ",[64,25540,92],{"class":91},[64,25542,22513],{"class":1778},[64,25544,144],{"class":95},[64,25546,9176],{"class":140},[64,25548,137],{"class":95},[64,25550,16876],{"class":140},[64,25552,7162],{"class":95},[64,25554,25555],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25556,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,25558,25559,25561,25563,25566],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,25560,212],{"class":211},[64,25562,144],{"class":95},[64,25564,25565],{"class":140},"key_list",[64,25567,150],{"class":95},[816,25569,25571,25572,25574],{"id":25570},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[61,25573,17018],{}," on a list or string",[14,25576,25577,25579],{},[61,25578,17018],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25581,2797],{},[54,25583,25585],{"className":56,"code":25584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[61,25586,25587,25607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25588,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25590,1161],{"class":74},[64,25592,92],{"class":91},[64,25594,112],{"class":95},[64,25596,100],{"class":99},[64,25598,103],{"class":95},[64,25600,106],{"class":99},[64,25602,103],{"class":95},[64,25604,743],{"class":99},[64,25606,746],{"class":95},[64,25608,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617,25619],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25610,212],{"class":211},[64,25612,144],{"class":95},[64,25614,3611],{"class":140},[64,25616,137],{"class":95},[64,25618,16876],{"class":140},[64,25620,7162],{"class":95},[14,25622,25623,25624,25627,25628,25630,25631,137],{},"You may get an ",[61,25625,25626],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[61,25629,17018],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[543,25632,25634,25635,25638],{"href":25633},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[61,25636,25637],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[816,25640,25642],{"id":25641},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25644,25645],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[54,25647,25649],{"className":56,"code":25648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[61,25650,25651,25675],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25652,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25654,9137],{"class":74},[64,25656,92],{"class":91},[64,25658,1415],{"class":95},[64,25660,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25662,7637],{"class":1422},[64,25664,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25666,1117],{"class":95},[64,25668,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25670,12846],{"class":1422},[64,25672,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25674,9280],{"class":95},[64,25676,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25678,212],{"class":211},[64,25680,144],{"class":95},[64,25682,9176],{"class":140},[64,25684,137],{"class":95},[64,25686,16876],{"class":24704},[64,25688,150],{"class":95},[14,25690,25691],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25693,18648],{},[54,25695,25697],{"className":56,"code":25696,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(data.keys())\n",[61,25698,25699],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25700,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25702,212],{"class":211},[64,25704,144],{"class":95},[64,25706,9176],{"class":140},[64,25708,137],{"class":95},[64,25710,16876],{"class":140},[64,25712,7162],{"class":95},[49,25714,1646],{"id":1645},[14,25716,25717,25718,1117],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[61,25719,17018],{},[21,25721,25722,25727,25733,25739],{},[24,25723,1654,25724,25726],{},[61,25725,17018],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[24,25728,25729,25730,25732],{},"Thinking ",[61,25731,17018],{}," returns values too",[24,25734,25735,25736,25738],{},"Trying to index ",[61,25737,16967],{}," like a normal list",[24,25740,25741,25742,25744],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[61,25743,16967],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25746,25747],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[54,25749,25751],{"className":56,"code":25750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[61,25752,25753,25785,25799,25803,25813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25754,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25756,9137],{"class":74},[64,25758,92],{"class":91},[64,25760,1415],{"class":95},[64,25762,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25764,543],{"class":1422},[64,25766,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25768,1117],{"class":95},[64,25770,5465],{"class":99},[64,25772,103],{"class":95},[64,25774,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25776,1235],{"class":1422},[64,25778,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25780,1117],{"class":95},[64,25782,106],{"class":99},[64,25784,9280],{"class":95},[64,25786,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25788,17195],{"class":74},[64,25790,92],{"class":91},[64,25792,14523],{"class":74},[64,25794,137],{"class":95},[64,25796,16876],{"class":140},[64,25798,366],{"class":95},[64,25800,25801],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25802,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,25804,25805,25807,25809,25811],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,25806,212],{"class":211},[64,25808,144],{"class":95},[64,25810,16876],{"class":140},[64,25812,150],{"class":95},[64,25814,25815],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,25816,25817],{"class":222},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25819,25820],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[54,25822,25824],{"className":56,"code":25823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[61,25825,25826,25858,25876,25880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25827,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25829,9137],{"class":74},[64,25831,92],{"class":91},[64,25833,1415],{"class":95},[64,25835,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25837,543],{"class":1422},[64,25839,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25841,1117],{"class":95},[64,25843,5465],{"class":99},[64,25845,103],{"class":95},[64,25847,3315],{"class":1418},[64,25849,1235],{"class":1422},[64,25851,1419],{"class":1418},[64,25853,1117],{"class":95},[64,25855,106],{"class":99},[64,25857,9280],{"class":95},[64,25859,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25861,17195],{"class":74},[64,25863,92],{"class":91},[64,25865,22513],{"class":1778},[64,25867,144],{"class":95},[64,25869,9176],{"class":140},[64,25871,137],{"class":95},[64,25873,16876],{"class":140},[64,25875,7162],{"class":95},[64,25877,25878],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25879,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,25881,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890,25892],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,25883,212],{"class":211},[64,25885,144],{"class":95},[64,25887,16876],{"class":140},[64,25889,184],{"class":95},[64,25891,187],{"class":99},[64,25893,393],{"class":95},[49,25895,25897],{"id":25896},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25899,11085],{},[54,25901,25903],{"className":56,"code":25902,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[61,25904,25905,25919,25929,25943],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,25906,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25908,212],{"class":211},[64,25910,144],{"class":95},[64,25912,1779],{"class":1778},[64,25914,144],{"class":95},[64,25916,11423],{"class":140},[64,25918,1737],{"class":95},[64,25920,25921,25923,25925,25927],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,25922,212],{"class":211},[64,25924,144],{"class":95},[64,25926,11423],{"class":140},[64,25928,150],{"class":95},[64,25930,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,25932,212],{"class":211},[64,25934,144],{"class":95},[64,25936,11423],{"class":140},[64,25938,137],{"class":95},[64,25940,16876],{"class":140},[64,25942,7162],{"class":95},[64,25944,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,25946,212],{"class":211},[64,25948,144],{"class":95},[64,25950,8064],{"class":1778},[64,25952,144],{"class":95},[64,25954,11423],{"class":140},[64,25956,137],{"class":95},[64,25958,16876],{"class":140},[64,25960,6259],{"class":95},[14,25962,25963],{},"These help you confirm:",[21,25965,25966,25969,25972,25977],{},[24,25967,25968],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[24,25970,25971],{},"what data it contains",[24,25973,25974,25975,11679],{},"what ",[61,25976,17018],{},[24,25978,25979],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[49,25981,1826],{"id":1825},[816,25983,23872,25985,5110],{"id":25984},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[61,25986,17018],{},[14,25988,17375,25989,25991],{},[61,25990,16967],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[816,25993,14857,25995,25998],{"id":25994},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[61,25996,25997],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26000,26001,26002,26004,26005,137],{},"No. It returns a ",[61,26003,16967],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[61,26006,26007],{},"list(dict.keys())",[816,26009,26011,26012,2456],{"id":26010},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[61,26013,25997],{},[14,26015,26016,26017,26019],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[61,26018,5926],{}," loop.",[816,26021,26023,26024,26026],{"id":26022},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[61,26025,17018],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26028,26029,26030,26032],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[61,26031,17018],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[816,26034,26036],{"id":26035},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26038,256,26039,137],{},[61,26040,26041],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[49,26043,1865],{"id":1864},[21,26045,26046,26051,26057,26063,26069,26073],{},[24,26047,26048],{},[543,26049,26050],{"href":9362},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[24,26052,26053],{},[543,26054,10709,26055,1248],{"href":17021},[61,26056,17024],{},[24,26058,26059],{},[543,26060,10709,26061,1248],{"href":17028},[61,26062,17031],{},[24,26064,26065],{},[543,26066,26068],{"href":26067},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[24,26070,26071],{},[543,26072,17107],{"href":17106},[24,26074,26075],{},[543,26076,26077,26078,25638],{"href":25633},"How to fix ",[61,26079,25637],{},[1898,26081,26082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":26084},[26085,26086,26088,26089,26090,26091,26092,26094,26103,26104,26105,26116],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":24203,"depth":78,"text":26087},"What keys() does",{"id":5754,"depth":78,"text":5755},{"id":5397,"depth":78,"text":5398},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":24893,"depth":78,"text":24894},{"id":25049,"depth":78,"text":26093},"When to use keys()",{"id":25311,"depth":78,"text":25312,"children":26095},[26096,26098,26100,26102],{"id":25320,"depth":85,"text":26097},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25426,"depth":85,"text":26099},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25570,"depth":85,"text":26101},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25641,"depth":85,"text":25642},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":25896,"depth":78,"text":25897},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":26106},[26107,26109,26111,26113,26115],{"id":25984,"depth":85,"text":26108},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25994,"depth":85,"text":26110},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26010,"depth":85,"text":26112},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26022,"depth":85,"text":26114},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26035,"depth":85,"text":26036},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24025,"description":26117},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26123,"title":26124,"body":26125,"description":28396,"extension":1927,"meta":28397,"navigation":81,"path":28398,"seo":28399,"stem":28400,"__hash__":28401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26126,"toc":28349},[26127,26132,26137,26140,26142,26288,26301,26306,26310,26324,26326,26429,26438,26440,26443,26481,26506,26508,26615,26617,26624,26627,26635,26637,26777,26785,26790,26794,26805,26807,26969,26972,26980,26987,26993,27090,27096,27173,27176,27188,27193,27199,27202,27206,27295,27298,27302,27406,27413,27500,27509,27511,27516,27522,27525,27570,27573,27639,27648,27654,27747,27753,27759,27802,27805,27870,27876,27968,27971,27975,27981,28006,28009,28105,28112,28114,28119,28210,28212,28240,28245,28247,28254,28257,28261,28271,28276,28279,28286,28296,28303,28311,28313,28346],[10,26128,11291,26130,11295],{"id":26129},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[61,26131,12729],{},[14,26133,26134,26136],{},[61,26135,12536],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26138,26139],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[49,26141,3572],{"id":3571},[54,26143,26145],{"className":56,"code":26144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[61,26146,26147,26183,26207,26221,26234,26238,26243,26275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,26148,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26150,13170],{"class":74},[64,26152,92],{"class":91},[64,26154,1415],{"class":95},[64,26156,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26158,7637],{"class":1422},[64,26160,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26162,1117],{"class":95},[64,26164,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26166,12846],{"class":1422},[64,26168,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26170,103],{"class":95},[64,26172,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26174,9270],{"class":1422},[64,26176,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26178,1117],{"class":95},[64,26180,9277],{"class":99},[64,26182,9280],{"class":95},[64,26184,26185,26188,26190,26192,26194,26197,26199,26201,26203,26205],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,26186,26187],{"class":74},"removed_age ",[64,26189,92],{"class":91},[64,26191,13213],{"class":74},[64,26193,137],{"class":95},[64,26195,26196],{"class":140},"pop",[64,26198,144],{"class":95},[64,26200,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26202,9270],{"class":1422},[64,26204,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26206,150],{"class":95},[64,26208,26209,26211,26213,26216,26218],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,26210,212],{"class":211},[64,26212,144],{"class":95},[64,26214,26215],{"class":140},"removed_age",[64,26217,219],{"class":95},[64,26219,26220],{"class":222},"   # 25\n",[64,26222,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,26224,212],{"class":211},[64,26226,144],{"class":95},[64,26228,17260],{"class":140},[64,26230,219],{"class":95},[64,26232,26233],{"class":222},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[64,26235,26236],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,26237,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26239,26240],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,26241,26242],{"class":222},"# Safe version with default value\n",[64,26244,26245,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26271,26273],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,26246,26247],{"class":74},"country ",[64,26249,92],{"class":91},[64,26251,13213],{"class":74},[64,26253,137],{"class":95},[64,26255,26196],{"class":140},[64,26257,144],{"class":95},[64,26259,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26261,15214],{"class":1422},[64,26263,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26265,103],{"class":95},[64,26267,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26269,26270],{"class":1422},"Not found",[64,26272,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26274,150],{"class":95},[64,26276,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,26278,212],{"class":211},[64,26280,144],{"class":95},[64,26282,15214],{"class":140},[64,26284,219],{"class":95},[64,26286,26287],{"class":222},"       # Not found\n",[14,26289,256,26290,26293,26294,26297,26298,26300],{},[61,26291,26292],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[61,26295,26296],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[61,26299,19641],{}," when the key might not exist.",[49,26302,3639,26304,3642],{"id":26303},"what-dictpop-does",[61,26305,12536],{},[14,26307,26308,1117],{},[61,26309,12536],{},[21,26311,26312,26315,26318,26321],{},[24,26313,26314],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[24,26316,26317],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[24,26319,26320],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[24,26322,26323],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26325,318],{},[54,26327,26329],{"className":56,"code":26328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[61,26330,26331,26371,26375,26398,26402,26416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,26332,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26334,11462],{"class":74},[64,26336,92],{"class":91},[64,26338,1415],{"class":95},[64,26340,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26342,7637],{"class":1422},[64,26344,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26346,1117],{"class":95},[64,26348,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26350,13187],{"class":1422},[64,26352,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26354,103],{"class":95},[64,26356,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26358,10381],{"class":1422},[64,26360,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26362,1117],{"class":95},[64,26364,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26366,10388],{"class":1422},[64,26368,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26370,9280],{"class":95},[64,26372,26373],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,26374,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26376,26377,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,26378,26379],{"class":74},"removed_city ",[64,26381,92],{"class":91},[64,26383,11545],{"class":74},[64,26385,137],{"class":95},[64,26387,26196],{"class":140},[64,26389,144],{"class":95},[64,26391,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26393,10381],{"class":1422},[64,26395,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26397,150],{"class":95},[64,26399,26400],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,26401,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26403,26404,26406,26408,26411,26413],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,26405,212],{"class":211},[64,26407,144],{"class":95},[64,26409,26410],{"class":140},"removed_city",[64,26412,219],{"class":95},[64,26414,26415],{"class":222},"  # Paris\n",[64,26417,26418,26420,26422,26424,26426],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,26419,212],{"class":211},[64,26421,144],{"class":95},[64,26423,11556],{"class":140},[64,26425,219],{"class":95},[64,26427,26428],{"class":222},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26430,20724,26431,26434,26435,137],{},[61,26432,26433],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[61,26436,26437],{},"\"Paris\"",[49,26439,2120],{"id":2119},[14,26441,26442],{},"There are two common forms:",[54,26444,26446],{"className":56,"code":26445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[61,26447,26448,26462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,26449,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26451,11423],{"class":74},[64,26453,137],{"class":95},[64,26455,26196],{"class":140},[64,26457,144],{"class":95},[64,26459,14796],{"class":140},[64,26461,150],{"class":95},[64,26463,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26479],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,26465,11423],{"class":74},[64,26467,137],{"class":95},[64,26469,26196],{"class":140},[64,26471,144],{"class":95},[64,26473,14796],{"class":140},[64,26475,103],{"class":95},[64,26477,26478],{"class":140}," default",[64,26480,150],{"class":95},[21,26482,26483,26489,26497,26503],{},[24,26484,26485,26488],{},[61,26486,26487],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[24,26490,26491,26493,26494,26496],{},[61,26492,26487],{}," raises ",[61,26495,19641],{}," if the key is missing",[24,26498,26499,26502],{},[61,26500,26501],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[24,26504,26505],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26507,318],{},[54,26509,26511],{"className":56,"code":26510,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[61,26512,26513,26545,26549,26574,26602],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,26514,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26516,5028],{"class":74},[64,26518,92],{"class":91},[64,26520,1415],{"class":95},[64,26522,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26524,18370],{"class":1422},[64,26526,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26528,1117],{"class":95},[64,26530,19852],{"class":99},[64,26532,103],{"class":95},[64,26534,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26536,18379],{"class":1422},[64,26538,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26540,1117],{"class":95},[64,26542,13472],{"class":99},[64,26544,9280],{"class":95},[64,26546,26547],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,26548,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26550,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,26552,212],{"class":211},[64,26554,144],{"class":95},[64,26556,1423],{"class":140},[64,26558,137],{"class":95},[64,26560,26196],{"class":140},[64,26562,144],{"class":95},[64,26564,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26566,18370],{"class":1422},[64,26568,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26570,5328],{"class":95},[64,26572,26573],{"class":222},"         # 90\n",[64,26575,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,26577,212],{"class":211},[64,26579,144],{"class":95},[64,26581,1423],{"class":140},[64,26583,137],{"class":95},[64,26585,26196],{"class":140},[64,26587,144],{"class":95},[64,26589,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26591,18388],{"class":1422},[64,26593,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26595,103],{"class":95},[64,26597,3797],{"class":99},[64,26599,5328],{"class":95},[64,26601,20721],{"class":222},[64,26603,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,26605,212],{"class":211},[64,26607,144],{"class":95},[64,26609,1423],{"class":140},[64,26611,219],{"class":95},[64,26613,26614],{"class":222},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[49,26616,17372],{"id":17371},[14,26618,26619,14015,26621,26623],{},[61,26620,12729],{},[37,26622,300],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26625,26626],{},"Instead, it returns:",[21,26628,26629,26632],{},[24,26630,26631],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[24,26633,26634],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26636,318],{},[54,26638,26640],{"className":56,"code":26639,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[61,26641,26642,26674,26678,26701,26733,26737,26750,26764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,26643,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26645,9137],{"class":74},[64,26647,92],{"class":91},[64,26649,1415],{"class":95},[64,26651,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26653,543],{"class":1422},[64,26655,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26657,1117],{"class":95},[64,26659,5973],{"class":99},[64,26661,103],{"class":95},[64,26663,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26665,1235],{"class":1422},[64,26667,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26669,1117],{"class":95},[64,26671,1437],{"class":99},[64,26673,9280],{"class":95},[64,26675,26676],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,26677,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26679,26680,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,26681,26682],{"class":74},"result1 ",[64,26684,92],{"class":91},[64,26686,14523],{"class":74},[64,26688,137],{"class":95},[64,26690,26196],{"class":140},[64,26692,144],{"class":95},[64,26694,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26696,543],{"class":1422},[64,26698,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26700,150],{"class":95},[64,26702,26703,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26729,26731],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,26704,26705],{"class":74},"result2 ",[64,26707,92],{"class":91},[64,26709,14523],{"class":74},[64,26711,137],{"class":95},[64,26713,26196],{"class":140},[64,26715,144],{"class":95},[64,26717,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26719,9711],{"class":1422},[64,26721,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26723,103],{"class":95},[64,26725,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26727,26728],{"class":1422},"missing",[64,26730,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26732,150],{"class":95},[64,26734,26735],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,26736,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26738,26739,26741,26743,26746,26748],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,26740,212],{"class":211},[64,26742,144],{"class":95},[64,26744,26745],{"class":140},"result1",[64,26747,219],{"class":95},[64,26749,1622],{"class":222},[64,26751,26752,26754,26756,26759,26761],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,26753,212],{"class":211},[64,26755,144],{"class":95},[64,26757,26758],{"class":140},"result2",[64,26760,219],{"class":95},[64,26762,26763],{"class":222},"  # missing\n",[64,26765,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,26767,212],{"class":211},[64,26769,144],{"class":95},[64,26771,9176],{"class":140},[64,26773,219],{"class":95},[64,26775,26776],{"class":222},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26778,26779,26780,6598],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[543,26781,26782],{"href":10708},[61,26783,26784],{},"dict.get()",[49,26786,4925,26788],{"id":26787},"when-to-use-pop",[61,26789,12729],{},[14,26791,256,26792,10573],{},[61,26793,12729],{},[21,26795,26796,26799,26802],{},[24,26797,26798],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[24,26800,26801],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[24,26803,26804],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26806,318],{},[54,26808,26810],{"className":56,"code":26809,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[61,26811,26812,26864,26868,26895,26899,26923,26927,26941,26955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,26813,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843,26845,26848,26850,26852,26855,26857,26859,26862],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26815,25078],{"class":74},[64,26817,92],{"class":91},[64,26819,1415],{"class":95},[64,26821,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26823,7637],{"class":1422},[64,26825,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26827,1117],{"class":95},[64,26829,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26831,26832],{"class":1422},"Laptop",[64,26834,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26836,103],{"class":95},[64,26838,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26840,25104],{"class":1422},[64,26842,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26844,1117],{"class":95},[64,26846,26847],{"class":99}," 1200",[64,26849,103],{"class":95},[64,26851,3315],{"class":1418},[64,26853,26854],{"class":1422},"discount",[64,26856,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26858,1117],{"class":95},[64,26860,26861],{"class":99}," 200",[64,26863,9280],{"class":95},[64,26865,26866],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,26867,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26869,26870,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,26871,26872],{"class":74},"discount_amount ",[64,26874,92],{"class":91},[64,26876,25156],{"class":74},[64,26878,137],{"class":95},[64,26880,26196],{"class":140},[64,26882,144],{"class":95},[64,26884,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26886,26854],{"class":1422},[64,26888,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26890,103],{"class":95},[64,26892,3797],{"class":99},[64,26894,150],{"class":95},[64,26896,26897],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,26898,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26900,26901,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,26902,26903],{"class":74},"final_price ",[64,26905,92],{"class":91},[64,26907,25156],{"class":74},[64,26909,184],{"class":95},[64,26911,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26913,25104],{"class":1422},[64,26915,1419],{"class":1418},[64,26917,977],{"class":95},[64,26919,2186],{"class":91},[64,26921,26922],{"class":74}," discount_amount\n",[64,26924,26925],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,26926,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,26928,26929,26931,26933,26936,26938],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,26930,212],{"class":211},[64,26932,144],{"class":95},[64,26934,26935],{"class":140},"discount_amount",[64,26937,219],{"class":95},[64,26939,26940],{"class":222},"  # 200\n",[64,26942,26943,26945,26947,26950,26952],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,26944,212],{"class":211},[64,26946,144],{"class":95},[64,26948,26949],{"class":140},"final_price",[64,26951,219],{"class":95},[64,26953,26954],{"class":222},"      # 1000\n",[64,26956,26957,26959,26961,26964,26966],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,26958,212],{"class":211},[64,26960,144],{"class":95},[64,26962,26963],{"class":140},"product",[64,26965,219],{"class":95},[64,26967,26968],{"class":222},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26970,26971],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[49,26973,26975,10557,26977],{"id":26974},"pop-vs-del",[61,26976,12729],{},[61,26978,26979],{},"del",[14,26981,10562,26982,40,26984,26986],{},[61,26983,12729],{},[61,26985,26979],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[816,26988,256,26990,26992],{"id":26989},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[61,26991,12729],{}," when you need the removed value",[54,26994,26996],{"className":56,"code":26995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[61,26997,26998,27034,27038,27060,27064,27077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,26999,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27001,13170],{"class":74},[64,27003,92],{"class":91},[64,27005,1415],{"class":95},[64,27007,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27009,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27011,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27013,1117],{"class":95},[64,27015,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27017,12846],{"class":1422},[64,27019,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27021,103],{"class":95},[64,27023,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27025,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27029,1117],{"class":95},[64,27031,9277],{"class":99},[64,27033,9280],{"class":95},[64,27035,27036],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27037,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27039,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27041,21581],{"class":74},[64,27043,92],{"class":91},[64,27045,13213],{"class":74},[64,27047,137],{"class":95},[64,27049,26196],{"class":140},[64,27051,144],{"class":95},[64,27053,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27055,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27057,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27059,150],{"class":95},[64,27061,27062],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27063,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27065,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,27067,212],{"class":211},[64,27069,144],{"class":95},[64,27071,9270],{"class":140},[64,27073,219],{"class":95},[64,27075,27076],{"class":222},"     # 25\n",[64,27078,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,27080,212],{"class":211},[64,27082,144],{"class":95},[64,27084,17260],{"class":140},[64,27086,219],{"class":95},[64,27088,27089],{"class":222},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[816,27091,256,27093,27095],{"id":27092},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[61,27094,26979],{}," when you only want deletion",[54,27097,27099],{"className":56,"code":27098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[61,27100,27101,27137,27141,27157,27161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27102,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27131,27133,27135],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27104,13170],{"class":74},[64,27106,92],{"class":91},[64,27108,1415],{"class":95},[64,27110,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27112,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27114,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27116,1117],{"class":95},[64,27118,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27120,12846],{"class":1422},[64,27122,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27124,103],{"class":95},[64,27126,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27128,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27130,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27132,1117],{"class":95},[64,27134,9277],{"class":99},[64,27136,9280],{"class":95},[64,27138,27139],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27140,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27142,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27144,26979],{"class":70},[64,27146,13213],{"class":74},[64,27148,184],{"class":95},[64,27150,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27152,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27154,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27156,746],{"class":95},[64,27158,27159],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27160,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27162,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,27164,212],{"class":211},[64,27166,144],{"class":95},[64,27168,17260],{"class":140},[64,27170,219],{"class":95},[64,27172,27089],{"class":222},[14,27174,27175],{},"Difference:",[21,27177,27178,27183],{},[24,27179,27180,27182],{},[61,27181,12729],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[24,27184,27185,27187],{},[61,27186,26979],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27189,27190,27191,137],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[543,27192,12541],{"href":12540},[49,27194,27196,27197],{"id":27195},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[61,27198,19641],{},[14,27200,27201],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[816,27203,27205],{"id":27204},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[54,27207,27209],{"className":56,"code":27208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[61,27210,27211,27236,27240,27266,27270,27282],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27212,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27232,27234],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27214,11698],{"class":74},[64,27216,92],{"class":91},[64,27218,1415],{"class":95},[64,27220,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27222,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27224,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27226,1117],{"class":95},[64,27228,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27230,27231],{"class":1422},"Sara",[64,27233,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27235,9280],{"class":95},[64,27237,27238],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27239,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27241,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27243,2411],{"class":74},[64,27245,92],{"class":91},[64,27247,11740],{"class":74},[64,27249,137],{"class":95},[64,27251,26196],{"class":140},[64,27253,144],{"class":95},[64,27255,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27257,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27259,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27261,103],{"class":95},[64,27263,3817],{"class":3816},[64,27265,150],{"class":95},[64,27267,27268],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27269,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27271,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,27273,212],{"class":211},[64,27275,144],{"class":95},[64,27277,2436],{"class":140},[64,27279,219],{"class":95},[64,27281,20514],{"class":222},[64,27283,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,27285,212],{"class":211},[64,27287,144],{"class":95},[64,27289,11423],{"class":140},[64,27291,219],{"class":95},[64,27293,27294],{"class":222}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27296,27297],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[816,27299,27301],{"id":27300},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[54,27303,27305],{"className":56,"code":27304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[61,27306,27307,27331,27335,27351,27374,27384,27391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27308,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27310,11698],{"class":74},[64,27312,92],{"class":91},[64,27314,1415],{"class":95},[64,27316,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27318,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27320,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27322,1117],{"class":95},[64,27324,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27326,27231],{"class":1422},[64,27328,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27330,9280],{"class":95},[64,27332,27333],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27334,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27336,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27338,6965],{"class":70},[64,27340,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27342,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27344,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27346,21127],{"class":91},[64,27348,11740],{"class":74},[64,27350,6363],{"class":95},[64,27352,27353,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27354,27355],{"class":74},"    value ",[64,27357,92],{"class":91},[64,27359,11740],{"class":74},[64,27361,137],{"class":95},[64,27363,26196],{"class":140},[64,27365,144],{"class":95},[64,27367,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27369,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27371,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27373,150],{"class":95},[64,27375,27376,27378,27380,27382],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,27377,8039],{"class":211},[64,27379,144],{"class":95},[64,27381,2436],{"class":140},[64,27383,150],{"class":95},[64,27385,27386,27389],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,27387,27388],{"class":70},"else",[64,27390,6363],{"class":95},[64,27392,27393,27395,27397,27399,27402,27404],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,27394,8039],{"class":211},[64,27396,144],{"class":95},[64,27398,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27400,27401],{"class":1422},"Key not found",[64,27403,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27405,150],{"class":95},[816,27407,27409,27410,27412],{"id":27408},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[61,27411,10712],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[54,27414,27416],{"className":56,"code":27415,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[61,27417,27418,27442,27446,27472,27476,27488],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27419,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27421,11698],{"class":74},[64,27423,92],{"class":91},[64,27425,1415],{"class":95},[64,27427,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27429,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27431,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27433,1117],{"class":95},[64,27435,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27437,27231],{"class":1422},[64,27439,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27441,9280],{"class":95},[64,27443,27444],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27445,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27447,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27449,2411],{"class":74},[64,27451,92],{"class":91},[64,27453,11740],{"class":74},[64,27455,137],{"class":95},[64,27457,19704],{"class":140},[64,27459,144],{"class":95},[64,27461,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27463,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27465,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27467,103],{"class":95},[64,27469,3817],{"class":3816},[64,27471,150],{"class":95},[64,27473,27474],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27475,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27477,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,27479,212],{"class":211},[64,27481,144],{"class":95},[64,27483,2436],{"class":140},[64,27485,219],{"class":95},[64,27487,20514],{"class":222},[64,27489,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,27491,212],{"class":211},[64,27493,144],{"class":95},[64,27495,11423],{"class":140},[64,27497,219],{"class":95},[64,27499,27294],{"class":222},[14,27501,256,27502,27506,27507,137],{},[543,27503,27504],{"href":10708},[61,27505,26784],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[543,27508,11235],{"href":11046},[49,27510,4483],{"id":4482},[14,27512,27513,27514,137],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[61,27515,12536],{},[816,27517,25729,27519,27521],{"id":27518},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[61,27520,12729],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27523,27524],{},"Lists use indexes:",[54,27526,27528],{"className":56,"code":27527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[61,27529,27530,27550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27531,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27533,1161],{"class":74},[64,27535,92],{"class":91},[64,27537,112],{"class":95},[64,27539,1432],{"class":99},[64,27541,103],{"class":95},[64,27543,1437],{"class":99},[64,27545,103],{"class":95},[64,27547,7764],{"class":99},[64,27549,746],{"class":95},[64,27551,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27553,212],{"class":211},[64,27555,144],{"class":95},[64,27557,3611],{"class":140},[64,27559,137],{"class":95},[64,27561,26196],{"class":140},[64,27563,144],{"class":95},[64,27565,100],{"class":99},[64,27567,5328],{"class":95},[64,27569,1635],{"class":222},[14,27571,27572],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[54,27574,27576],{"className":56,"code":27575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[61,27577,27578,27614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27579,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27581,13170],{"class":74},[64,27583,92],{"class":91},[64,27585,1415],{"class":95},[64,27587,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27589,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27591,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27593,1117],{"class":95},[64,27595,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27597,12846],{"class":1422},[64,27599,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27601,103],{"class":95},[64,27603,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27605,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27607,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27609,1117],{"class":95},[64,27611,9277],{"class":99},[64,27613,9280],{"class":95},[64,27615,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27617,212],{"class":211},[64,27619,144],{"class":95},[64,27621,17260],{"class":140},[64,27623,137],{"class":95},[64,27625,26196],{"class":140},[64,27627,144],{"class":95},[64,27629,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27631,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27633,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27635,5328],{"class":95},[64,27637,27638],{"class":222},"  # 25\n",[14,27640,27641,27642,27644,27645,27647],{},"A dictionary does ",[37,27643,300],{}," use positions with ",[61,27646,12729],{},". It uses keys.",[816,27649,4668,27651,27653],{"id":27650},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[61,27652,12729],{}," changes the original dictionary",[54,27655,27657],{"className":56,"code":27656,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[61,27658,27659,27691,27695,27717,27721,27734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27660,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27662,9137],{"class":74},[64,27664,92],{"class":91},[64,27666,1415],{"class":95},[64,27668,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27670,2137],{"class":1422},[64,27672,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27674,1117],{"class":95},[64,27676,5465],{"class":99},[64,27678,103],{"class":95},[64,27680,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27682,11719],{"class":1422},[64,27684,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27686,1117],{"class":95},[64,27688,106],{"class":99},[64,27690,9280],{"class":95},[64,27692,27693],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27694,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27696,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27698,2411],{"class":74},[64,27700,92],{"class":91},[64,27702,14523],{"class":74},[64,27704,137],{"class":95},[64,27706,26196],{"class":140},[64,27708,144],{"class":95},[64,27710,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27712,2137],{"class":1422},[64,27714,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27716,150],{"class":95},[64,27718,27719],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27720,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27722,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,27724,212],{"class":211},[64,27726,144],{"class":95},[64,27728,2436],{"class":140},[64,27730,219],{"class":95},[64,27732,27733],{"class":222},"  # 1\n",[64,27735,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,27737,212],{"class":211},[64,27739,144],{"class":95},[64,27741,9176],{"class":140},[64,27743,219],{"class":95},[64,27745,27746],{"class":222},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27748,27749,27750,27752],{},"After ",[61,27751,12729],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[816,27754,1654,27756,27758],{"id":27755},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[61,27757,12729],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[54,27760,27762],{"className":56,"code":27761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[61,27763,27764,27788,27792,27797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27765,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27767,9137],{"class":74},[64,27769,92],{"class":91},[64,27771,1415],{"class":95},[64,27773,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27775,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27777,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27779,1117],{"class":95},[64,27781,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27783,7891],{"class":1422},[64,27785,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27787,9280],{"class":95},[64,27789,27790],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27791,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27793,27794],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27795,27796],{"class":222},"# This causes an error\n",[64,27798,27799],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27800,27801],{"class":222},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27803,27804],{},"Safer version:",[54,27806,27808],{"className":56,"code":27807,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[61,27809,27810,27834,27838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27811,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27813,9137],{"class":74},[64,27815,92],{"class":91},[64,27817,1415],{"class":95},[64,27819,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27821,7637],{"class":1422},[64,27823,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27825,1117],{"class":95},[64,27827,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27829,7891],{"class":1422},[64,27831,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27833,9280],{"class":95},[64,27835,27836],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27837,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27839,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27841,212],{"class":211},[64,27843,144],{"class":95},[64,27845,9176],{"class":140},[64,27847,137],{"class":95},[64,27849,26196],{"class":140},[64,27851,144],{"class":95},[64,27853,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27855,9270],{"class":1422},[64,27857,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27859,103],{"class":95},[64,27861,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27863,26728],{"class":1422},[64,27865,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27867,5328],{"class":95},[64,27869,26763],{"class":222},[816,27871,8423,27873,27875],{"id":27872},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[61,27874,12729],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[54,27877,27879],{"className":56,"code":27878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[61,27880,27881,27913,27917,27939,27943,27955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,27882,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27884,9137],{"class":74},[64,27886,92],{"class":91},[64,27888,1415],{"class":95},[64,27890,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27892,543],{"class":1422},[64,27894,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27896,1117],{"class":95},[64,27898,5465],{"class":99},[64,27900,103],{"class":95},[64,27902,3315],{"class":1418},[64,27904,1235],{"class":1422},[64,27906,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27908,1117],{"class":95},[64,27910,106],{"class":99},[64,27912,9280],{"class":95},[64,27914,27915],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,27916,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27918,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,27920,2194],{"class":74},[64,27922,92],{"class":91},[64,27924,14523],{"class":74},[64,27926,137],{"class":95},[64,27928,26196],{"class":140},[64,27930,144],{"class":95},[64,27932,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27934,543],{"class":1422},[64,27936,1419],{"class":1418},[64,27938,150],{"class":95},[64,27940,27941],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,27942,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,27944,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,27946,212],{"class":211},[64,27948,144],{"class":95},[64,27950,2229],{"class":140},[64,27952,219],{"class":95},[64,27954,27733],{"class":222},[64,27956,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,27958,212],{"class":211},[64,27960,144],{"class":95},[64,27962,9176],{"class":140},[64,27964,219],{"class":95},[64,27966,27967],{"class":222},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27969,27970],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[49,27972,27974],{"id":27973},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27976,27977,27978,27980],{},"Problems with ",[61,27979,12536],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[21,27982,27983,27986,27995,27998],{},[24,27984,27985],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[24,27987,27988,27989,27992,27993],{},"Mixing up list ",[61,27990,27991],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[61,27994,26292],{},[24,27996,27997],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[24,27999,28000,28001,11064,28003],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[61,28002,100],{},[61,28004,28005],{},"\"1\"",[14,28007,28008],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[54,28010,28012],{"className":56,"code":28011,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[61,28013,28014,28038,28042,28072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28015,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28017,9137],{"class":74},[64,28019,92],{"class":91},[64,28021,1415],{"class":95},[64,28023,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28025,100],{"class":1422},[64,28027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28029,1117],{"class":95},[64,28031,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28033,6552],{"class":1422},[64,28035,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28037,9280],{"class":95},[64,28039,28040],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,28041,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,28043,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28065,28067,28069],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,28045,212],{"class":211},[64,28047,144],{"class":95},[64,28049,9176],{"class":140},[64,28051,137],{"class":95},[64,28053,26196],{"class":140},[64,28055,144],{"class":95},[64,28057,100],{"class":99},[64,28059,103],{"class":95},[64,28061,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28063,28064],{"class":1422},"not found",[64,28066,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28068,5328],{"class":95},[64,28070,28071],{"class":222},"    # not found\n",[64,28073,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,28075,212],{"class":211},[64,28077,144],{"class":95},[64,28079,9176],{"class":140},[64,28081,137],{"class":95},[64,28083,26196],{"class":140},[64,28085,144],{"class":95},[64,28087,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28089,100],{"class":1422},[64,28091,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28093,103],{"class":95},[64,28095,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28097,28064],{"class":1422},[64,28099,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28101,5328],{"class":95},[64,28103,28104],{"class":222},"  # one\n",[14,28106,28107,40,28109,28111],{},[61,28108,100],{},[61,28110,28005],{}," are different keys.",[49,28113,8843],{"id":8842},[14,28115,8846,28116,28118],{},[61,28117,12729],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,28120,28122],{"className":56,"code":28121,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[61,28123,28124,28134,28148,28166,28196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28125,28126,28128,28130,28132],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28127,212],{"class":211},[64,28129,144],{"class":95},[64,28131,11423],{"class":140},[64,28133,150],{"class":95},[64,28135,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,28137,212],{"class":211},[64,28139,144],{"class":95},[64,28141,11423],{"class":140},[64,28143,137],{"class":95},[64,28145,16876],{"class":140},[64,28147,7162],{"class":95},[64,28149,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,28151,212],{"class":211},[64,28153,144],{"class":95},[64,28155,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28157,7637],{"class":1422},[64,28159,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28161,21127],{"class":70},[64,28163,11740],{"class":140},[64,28165,150],{"class":95},[64,28167,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,28169,212],{"class":211},[64,28171,144],{"class":95},[64,28173,11423],{"class":140},[64,28175,137],{"class":95},[64,28177,26196],{"class":140},[64,28179,144],{"class":95},[64,28181,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28183,7637],{"class":1422},[64,28185,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28187,103],{"class":95},[64,28189,3256],{"class":1418},[64,28191,26728],{"class":1422},[64,28193,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28195,1737],{"class":95},[64,28197,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,28199,212],{"class":211},[64,28201,144],{"class":95},[64,28203,1779],{"class":1778},[64,28205,144],{"class":95},[64,28207,11423],{"class":140},[64,28209,1737],{"class":95},[14,28211,21289],{},[21,28213,28214,28219,28224,28229,28235],{},[24,28215,28216,28218],{},[61,28217,12645],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[24,28220,28221,28223],{},[61,28222,21301],{}," shows all available keys",[24,28225,28226,28228],{},[61,28227,21307],{}," checks whether a key exists",[24,28230,28231,28234],{},[61,28232,28233],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[24,28236,28237,28239],{},[61,28238,12651],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28241,28242,28243,137],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[543,28244,9363],{"href":9362},[49,28246,1826],{"id":1825},[816,28248,28250,28251,28253],{"id":28249},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[61,28252,12729],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28255,28256],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[816,28258,28260],{"id":28259},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28262,28263,26493,28265,28267,28268,28270],{},[61,28264,26292],{},[61,28266,19641],{},". ",[61,28269,26296],{}," returns the default value instead.",[816,28272,12670,28274,14850],{"id":28273},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[61,28275,12729],{},[14,28277,28278],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[816,28280,28282,28283,28285],{"id":28281},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[61,28284,12729],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28287,28288,28289,28291,28292,137],{},"Not with ",[61,28290,12536],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[543,28293,28294],{"href":12547},[61,28295,12736],{},[816,28297,5145,28299,40,28301,2456],{"id":28298},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[61,28300,10712],{},[61,28302,12729],{},[14,28304,28305,28307,28308,28310],{},[61,28306,10712],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[61,28309,12729],{}," reads and removes it.",[49,28312,1865],{"id":1864},[21,28314,28315,28321,28328,28332,28336,28340],{},[24,28316,28317],{},[543,28318,28319],{"href":10708},[61,28320,19622],{},[24,28322,28323],{},[543,28324,28325],{"href":12547},[61,28326,28327],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[24,28329,28330],{},[543,28331,12753],{"href":12540},[24,28333,28334],{},[543,28335,21410],{"href":16549},[24,28337,28338],{},[543,28339,11235],{"href":11046},[24,28341,28342],{},[543,28343,28345],{"href":28344},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1898,28347,28348],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":28350},[28351,28352,28354,28355,28356,28358,28365,28372,28382,28383,28384,28395],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":26303,"depth":78,"text":28353},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":26787,"depth":78,"text":28357},"When to use pop()",{"id":26974,"depth":78,"text":28359,"children":28360},"pop() vs del",[28361,28363],{"id":26989,"depth":85,"text":28362},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27092,"depth":85,"text":28364},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27195,"depth":78,"text":28366,"children":28367},"How to avoid KeyError",[28368,28369,28370],{"id":27204,"depth":85,"text":27205},{"id":27300,"depth":85,"text":27301},{"id":27408,"depth":85,"text":28371},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":28373},[28374,28376,28378,28380],{"id":27518,"depth":85,"text":28375},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27650,"depth":85,"text":28377},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27755,"depth":85,"text":28379},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27872,"depth":85,"text":28381},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27973,"depth":78,"text":27974},{"id":8842,"depth":78,"text":8843},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":28385},[28386,28388,28389,28391,28393],{"id":28249,"depth":85,"text":28387},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28259,"depth":85,"text":28260},{"id":28273,"depth":85,"text":28390},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28281,"depth":85,"text":28392},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28298,"depth":85,"text":28394},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26124,"description":28396},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28403,"title":28327,"body":28404,"description":30344,"extension":1927,"meta":30345,"navigation":81,"path":30346,"seo":30347,"stem":30348,"__hash__":30349},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28405,"toc":30308},[28406,28411,28416,28419,28427,28437,28439,28528,28532,28581,28586,28591,28595,28611,28614,28616,28631,28633,28649,28656,28660,28666,28675,28677,28746,28750,28771,28774,28793,28796,28819,28821,28824,28939,28943,29002,29009,29013,29019,29144,29148,29198,29201,29205,29212,29214,29277,29281,29302,29305,29314,29329,29337,29344,29348,29360,29364,29375,29377,29523,29527,29586,29593,29598,29602,29608,29631,29636,29655,29659,29730,29737,29810,29819,29824,29829,29840,29843,29980,29985,30017,30022,30024,30028,30088,30091,30148,30151,30194,30196,30201,30207,30213,30216,30223,30231,30236,30239,30246,30254,30256,30305],[10,28407,11291,28409,11295],{"id":28408},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[61,28410,12736],{},[14,28412,1944,28413,28415],{},[61,28414,12736],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28417,28418],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[21,28420,28421,28424],{},[24,28422,28423],{},"remove an item",[24,28425,28426],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28428,28429,28430,28432,28433,28436],{},"In modern Python, ",[61,28431,12736],{}," removes the ",[37,28434,28435],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[49,28438,52],{"id":51},[54,28440,28442],{"className":56,"code":28441,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[61,28443,28444,28488,28504,28508,28518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28445,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482,28484,28486],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28447,9137],{"class":74},[64,28449,92],{"class":91},[64,28451,1415],{"class":95},[64,28453,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28455,543],{"class":1422},[64,28457,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28459,1117],{"class":95},[64,28461,5465],{"class":99},[64,28463,103],{"class":95},[64,28465,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28467,1235],{"class":1422},[64,28469,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28471,1117],{"class":95},[64,28473,106],{"class":99},[64,28475,103],{"class":95},[64,28477,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28479,9711],{"class":1422},[64,28481,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28483,1117],{"class":95},[64,28485,743],{"class":99},[64,28487,9280],{"class":95},[64,28489,28490,28493,28495,28497,28499,28502],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,28491,28492],{"class":74},"item ",[64,28494,92],{"class":91},[64,28496,14523],{"class":74},[64,28498,137],{"class":95},[64,28500,28501],{"class":140},"popitem",[64,28503,366],{"class":95},[64,28505,28506],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,28507,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,28509,28510,28512,28514,28516],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,28511,212],{"class":211},[64,28513,144],{"class":95},[64,28515,23264],{"class":140},[64,28517,150],{"class":95},[64,28519,28520,28522,28524,28526],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,28521,212],{"class":211},[64,28523,144],{"class":95},[64,28525,9176],{"class":140},[64,28527,150],{"class":95},[14,28529,28530],{},[37,28531,2035],{},[54,28533,28535],{"className":56,"code":28534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[61,28536,28537,28553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28538,28539,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28540,144],{"class":95},[64,28542,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28544,9711],{"class":1422},[64,28546,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28548,103],{"class":95},[64,28550,743],{"class":99},[64,28552,150],{"class":95},[64,28554,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,28556,9249],{"class":95},[64,28558,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28560,543],{"class":1422},[64,28562,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28564,1117],{"class":95},[64,28566,5465],{"class":99},[64,28568,103],{"class":95},[64,28570,3256],{"class":1418},[64,28572,1235],{"class":1422},[64,28574,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28576,1117],{"class":95},[64,28578,106],{"class":99},[64,28580,9280],{"class":95},[14,28582,28583,28585],{},[61,28584,12736],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[49,28587,3639,28589,3642],{"id":28588},"what-popitem-does",[61,28590,12736],{},[14,28592,28593,1117],{},[61,28594,12736],{},[21,28596,28597,28600,28605,28608],{},[24,28598,28599],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[24,28601,28602,28603],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[61,28604,21608],{},[24,28606,28607],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[24,28609,28610],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28612,28613],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[49,28615,2120],{"id":2119},[54,28617,28619],{"className":56,"code":28618,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[61,28620,28621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28622,28623,28625,28627,28629],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28624,15557],{"class":74},[64,28626,137],{"class":95},[64,28628,28501],{"class":140},[64,28630,366],{"class":95},[14,28632,11432],{},[21,28634,28635,28643,28646],{},[24,28636,28637,28639,28640],{},[61,28638,12736],{}," takes ",[37,28641,28642],{},"no arguments",[24,28644,28645],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[24,28647,28648],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28650,28651,28652,6598],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[543,28653,28654],{"href":12533},[61,28655,12729],{},[49,28657,28659],{"id":28658},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28661,28662,28663,28665],{},"The value returned by ",[61,28664,12736],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28667,28668,28669,28672],"ol",{},[24,28670,28671],{},"the key",[24,28673,28674],{},"the value",[14,28676,318],{},[54,28678,28680],{"className":56,"code":28679,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,28681,28682,28718,28732,28736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28683,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28685,13170],{"class":74},[64,28687,92],{"class":91},[64,28689,1415],{"class":95},[64,28691,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28693,7637],{"class":1422},[64,28695,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28697,1117],{"class":95},[64,28699,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28701,4968],{"class":1422},[64,28703,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28705,103],{"class":95},[64,28707,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28709,9270],{"class":1422},[64,28711,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28713,1117],{"class":95},[64,28715,9277],{"class":99},[64,28717,9280],{"class":95},[64,28719,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,28721,2194],{"class":74},[64,28723,92],{"class":91},[64,28725,13213],{"class":74},[64,28727,137],{"class":95},[64,28729,28501],{"class":140},[64,28731,366],{"class":95},[64,28733,28734],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,28735,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,28737,28738,28740,28742,28744],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,28739,212],{"class":211},[64,28741,144],{"class":95},[64,28743,2229],{"class":140},[64,28745,150],{"class":95},[14,28747,28748],{},[37,28749,2035],{},[54,28751,28753],{"className":56,"code":28752,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('age', 25)\n",[61,28754,28755],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28756,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765,28767,28769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28758,144],{"class":95},[64,28760,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28762,9270],{"class":1422},[64,28764,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28766,103],{"class":95},[64,28768,9277],{"class":99},[64,28770,150],{"class":95},[14,28772,28773],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[54,28775,28777],{"className":56,"code":28776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = person.popitem()\n",[61,28778,28779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28780,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28782,2194],{"class":74},[64,28784,92],{"class":91},[64,28786,13213],{"class":74},[64,28788,137],{"class":95},[64,28790,28501],{"class":140},[64,28792,366],{"class":95},[14,28794,28795],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[54,28797,28799],{"className":56,"code":28798,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[61,28800,28801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28802,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28804,14796],{"class":74},[64,28806,103],{"class":95},[64,28808,21537],{"class":74},[64,28810,92],{"class":91},[64,28812,13213],{"class":74},[64,28814,137],{"class":95},[64,28816,28501],{"class":140},[64,28818,366],{"class":95},[49,28820,11449],{"id":11448},[14,28822,28823],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[54,28825,28827],{"className":56,"code":28826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[61,28828,28829,28877,28881,28896,28900,28920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28830,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28861,28863,28865,28868,28870,28872,28875],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28832,5028],{"class":74},[64,28834,92],{"class":91},[64,28836,1415],{"class":95},[64,28838,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28840,28841],{"class":1422},"Tom",[64,28843,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28845,1117],{"class":95},[64,28847,5040],{"class":99},[64,28849,103],{"class":95},[64,28851,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28853,12846],{"class":1422},[64,28855,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28857,1117],{"class":95},[64,28859,28860],{"class":99}," 95",[64,28862,103],{"class":95},[64,28864,3315],{"class":1418},[64,28866,28867],{"class":1422},"Leo",[64,28869,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28871,1117],{"class":95},[64,28873,28874],{"class":99}," 88",[64,28876,9280],{"class":95},[64,28878,28879],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,28880,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,28882,28883,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,28884,28885],{"class":74},"removed_pair ",[64,28887,92],{"class":91},[64,28889,5075],{"class":74},[64,28891,137],{"class":95},[64,28893,28501],{"class":140},[64,28895,366],{"class":95},[64,28897,28898],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,28899,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,28901,28902,28904,28906,28908,28911,28913,28915,28918],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,28903,212],{"class":211},[64,28905,144],{"class":95},[64,28907,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28909,28910],{"class":1422},"Removed:",[64,28912,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28914,103],{"class":95},[64,28916,28917],{"class":140}," removed_pair",[64,28919,150],{"class":95},[64,28921,28922,28924,28926,28928,28931,28933,28935,28937],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,28923,212],{"class":211},[64,28925,144],{"class":95},[64,28927,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28929,28930],{"class":1422},"After removal:",[64,28932,1419],{"class":1418},[64,28934,103],{"class":95},[64,28936,5075],{"class":140},[64,28938,150],{"class":95},[14,28940,28941],{},[37,28942,2035],{},[54,28944,28946],{"className":56,"code":28945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[61,28947,28948,28969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,28949,28950,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28951,28952],{"class":74},"Removed",[64,28954,1117],{"class":95},[64,28956,9207],{"class":95},[64,28958,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28960,28867],{"class":1422},[64,28962,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28964,103],{"class":95},[64,28966,28874],{"class":99},[64,28968,150],{"class":95},[64,28970,28971,28974,28976,28978,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,28972,28973],{"class":74},"After removal",[64,28975,1117],{"class":95},[64,28977,1415],{"class":95},[64,28979,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28981,28841],{"class":1422},[64,28983,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28985,1117],{"class":95},[64,28987,5040],{"class":99},[64,28989,103],{"class":95},[64,28991,3256],{"class":1418},[64,28993,12846],{"class":1422},[64,28995,3261],{"class":1418},[64,28997,1117],{"class":95},[64,28999,28860],{"class":99},[64,29001,9280],{"class":95},[14,29003,29004,29005,29008],{},"The last inserted item was ",[61,29006,29007],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[49,29010,29012],{"id":29011},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29014,29015,29016,29018],{},"Because ",[61,29017,12736],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[54,29020,29022],{"className":56,"code":29021,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[61,29023,29024,29060,29064,29083,29087,29106,29125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29025,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050,29052,29054,29056,29058],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29027,15400],{"class":74},[64,29029,92],{"class":91},[64,29031,1415],{"class":95},[64,29033,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29035,15411],{"class":1422},[64,29037,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29039,1117],{"class":95},[64,29041,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29043,15420],{"class":1422},[64,29045,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29047,103],{"class":95},[64,29049,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29051,15431],{"class":1422},[64,29053,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29055,1117],{"class":95},[64,29057,26861],{"class":99},[64,29059,9280],{"class":95},[64,29061,29062],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29063,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29065,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29077,29079,29081],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,29067,14796],{"class":74},[64,29069,103],{"class":95},[64,29071,21537],{"class":74},[64,29073,92],{"class":91},[64,29075,29076],{"class":74}," book",[64,29078,137],{"class":95},[64,29080,28501],{"class":140},[64,29082,366],{"class":95},[64,29084,29085],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,29086,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29088,29089,29091,29093,29095,29098,29100,29102,29104],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,29090,212],{"class":211},[64,29092,144],{"class":95},[64,29094,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29096,29097],{"class":1422},"Key:",[64,29099,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29101,103],{"class":95},[64,29103,21532],{"class":140},[64,29105,150],{"class":95},[64,29107,29108,29110,29112,29114,29117,29119,29121,29123],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,29109,212],{"class":211},[64,29111,144],{"class":95},[64,29113,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29115,29116],{"class":1422},"Value:",[64,29118,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29120,103],{"class":95},[64,29122,8403],{"class":140},[64,29124,150],{"class":95},[64,29126,29127,29129,29131,29133,29136,29138,29140,29142],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,29128,212],{"class":211},[64,29130,144],{"class":95},[64,29132,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29134,29135],{"class":1422},"Dictionary:",[64,29137,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29139,103],{"class":95},[64,29141,29076],{"class":140},[64,29143,150],{"class":95},[14,29145,29146],{},[37,29147,2035],{},[54,29149,29151],{"className":56,"code":29150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[61,29152,29153,29163,29173],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29154,29155,29158,29160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29156,29157],{"class":74},"Key",[64,29159,1117],{"class":95},[64,29161,29162],{"class":74}," pages\n",[64,29164,29165,29168,29170],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29166,29167],{"class":74},"Value",[64,29169,1117],{"class":95},[64,29171,29172],{"class":99}," 200\n",[64,29174,29175,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,29176,29177],{"class":74},"Dictionary",[64,29179,1117],{"class":95},[64,29181,1415],{"class":95},[64,29183,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29185,15411],{"class":1422},[64,29187,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29189,1117],{"class":95},[64,29191,3256],{"class":1418},[64,29193,15420],{"class":1422},[64,29195,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29197,9280],{"class":95},[14,29199,29200],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[49,29202,29204],{"id":29203},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29206,29207,29208,28432,29210,137],{},"In current Python versions, ",[61,29209,12736],{},[37,29211,28435],{},[14,29213,318],{},[54,29215,29217],{"className":56,"code":29216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[61,29218,29219,29263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29220,29221,29223,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29222,9137],{"class":74},[64,29224,92],{"class":91},[64,29226,1415],{"class":95},[64,29228,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29230,2137],{"class":1422},[64,29232,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29234,1117],{"class":95},[64,29236,5465],{"class":99},[64,29238,103],{"class":95},[64,29240,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29242,11719],{"class":1422},[64,29244,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29246,1117],{"class":95},[64,29248,106],{"class":99},[64,29250,103],{"class":95},[64,29252,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29254,22030],{"class":1422},[64,29256,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29258,1117],{"class":95},[64,29260,743],{"class":99},[64,29262,9280],{"class":95},[64,29264,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29266,212],{"class":211},[64,29268,144],{"class":95},[64,29270,9176],{"class":140},[64,29272,137],{"class":95},[64,29274,28501],{"class":140},[64,29276,7162],{"class":95},[14,29278,29279],{},[37,29280,2035],{},[54,29282,29284],{"className":56,"code":29283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('z', 3)\n",[61,29285,29286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29287,29288,29290,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29289,144],{"class":95},[64,29291,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29293,22030],{"class":1422},[64,29295,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29297,103],{"class":95},[64,29299,743],{"class":99},[64,29301,150],{"class":95},[14,29303,29304],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29306,29307,29308,29310,29311,29313],{},"As a beginner, do ",[37,29309,300],{}," think of ",[61,29312,12736],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29315,29316,29317,2153,29321,17025,29325,137],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[543,29318,29319],{"href":17028},[61,29320,17031],{},[543,29322,29323],{"href":17015},[61,29324,17018],{},[543,29326,29327],{"href":17021},[61,29328,17024],{},[49,29330,29332,29333,40,29335],{"id":29331},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[61,29334,12736],{},[61,29336,12729],{},[14,29338,29339,40,29341,29343],{},[61,29340,12736],{},[61,29342,12729],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[816,29345,29346],{"id":28501},[61,29347,12736],{},[21,29349,29350,29353,29356],{},[24,29351,29352],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[24,29354,29355],{},"does not need a key argument",[24,29357,3654,29358],{},[61,29359,21608],{},[816,29361,29362],{"id":26196},[61,29363,12729],{},[21,29365,29366,29369,29372],{},[24,29367,29368],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[24,29370,29371],{},"needs the key name",[24,29373,29374],{},"returns only the value",[14,29376,318],{},[54,29378,29380],{"className":56,"code":29379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[61,29381,29382,29426,29430,29444,29464,29468,29490,29509,29513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29383,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29385,9137],{"class":74},[64,29387,92],{"class":91},[64,29389,1415],{"class":95},[64,29391,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29393,543],{"class":1422},[64,29395,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29397,1117],{"class":95},[64,29399,5465],{"class":99},[64,29401,103],{"class":95},[64,29403,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29405,1235],{"class":1422},[64,29407,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29409,1117],{"class":95},[64,29411,106],{"class":99},[64,29413,103],{"class":95},[64,29415,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29417,9711],{"class":1422},[64,29419,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29421,1117],{"class":95},[64,29423,743],{"class":99},[64,29425,9280],{"class":95},[64,29427,29428],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29429,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29431,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,29433,28492],{"class":74},[64,29435,92],{"class":91},[64,29437,14523],{"class":74},[64,29439,137],{"class":95},[64,29441,28501],{"class":140},[64,29443,366],{"class":95},[64,29445,29446,29448,29450,29452,29455,29457,29459,29462],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,29447,212],{"class":211},[64,29449,144],{"class":95},[64,29451,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29453,29454],{"class":1422},"popitem():",[64,29456,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29458,103],{"class":95},[64,29460,29461],{"class":140}," item",[64,29463,150],{"class":95},[64,29465,29466],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,29467,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29469,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,29471,2411],{"class":74},[64,29473,92],{"class":91},[64,29475,14523],{"class":74},[64,29477,137],{"class":95},[64,29479,26196],{"class":140},[64,29481,144],{"class":95},[64,29483,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29485,543],{"class":1422},[64,29487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29489,150],{"class":95},[64,29491,29492,29494,29496,29498,29501,29503,29505,29507],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,29493,212],{"class":211},[64,29495,144],{"class":95},[64,29497,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29499,29500],{"class":1422},"pop('a'):",[64,29502,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29504,103],{"class":95},[64,29506,8403],{"class":140},[64,29508,150],{"class":95},[64,29510,29511],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,29512,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29514,29515,29517,29519,29521],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,29516,212],{"class":211},[64,29518,144],{"class":95},[64,29520,9176],{"class":140},[64,29522,150],{"class":95},[14,29524,29525],{},[37,29526,2035],{},[54,29528,29530],{"className":56,"code":29529,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[61,29531,29532,29553,29570],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29533,29534,29536,29539,29541,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29535,28501],{"class":140},[64,29537,29538],{"class":95},"():",[64,29540,9207],{"class":95},[64,29542,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29544,9711],{"class":1422},[64,29546,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29548,103],{"class":95},[64,29550,743],{"class":99},[64,29552,150],{"class":95},[64,29554,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565,29567],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29556,26196],{"class":140},[64,29558,144],{"class":95},[64,29560,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29562,543],{"class":1422},[64,29564,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29566,16404],{"class":95},[64,29568,29569],{"class":99}," 1\n",[64,29571,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,29573,9249],{"class":95},[64,29575,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29577,1235],{"class":1422},[64,29579,3261],{"class":1418},[64,29581,1117],{"class":95},[64,29583,106],{"class":99},[64,29585,9280],{"class":95},[14,29587,256,29588,29592],{},[543,29589,29590],{"href":12533},[61,29591,12729],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29594,256,29595,29597],{},[61,29596,12736],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[49,29599,29601],{"id":29600},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29603,29604,29605,29607],{},"Calling ",[61,29606,12736],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[54,29609,29611],{"className":56,"code":29610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[61,29612,29613,29621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29614,29615,29617,29619],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29616,9137],{"class":74},[64,29618,92],{"class":91},[64,29620,9810],{"class":95},[64,29622,29623,29625,29627,29629],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29624,9176],{"class":74},[64,29626,137],{"class":95},[64,29628,28501],{"class":140},[64,29630,366],{"class":95},[14,29632,29633],{},[37,29634,29635],{},"Error:",[54,29637,29639],{"className":56,"code":29638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[61,29640,29641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29642,29643,29645,29647,29649,29652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29644,19641],{"class":1778},[64,29646,1117],{"class":95},[64,29648,3256],{"class":1418},[64,29650,29651],{"class":1422},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[64,29653,29654],{"class":1418},"'\n",[816,29656,29658],{"id":29657},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[54,29660,29662],{"className":56,"code":29661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[61,29663,29664,29672,29676,29684,29699,29709,29715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29665,29666,29668,29670],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29667,9137],{"class":74},[64,29669,92],{"class":91},[64,29671,9810],{"class":95},[64,29673,29674],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29675,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29677,29678,29680,29682],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,29679,6965],{"class":70},[64,29681,14523],{"class":74},[64,29683,6363],{"class":95},[64,29685,29686,29689,29691,29693,29695,29697],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,29687,29688],{"class":74},"    item ",[64,29690,92],{"class":91},[64,29692,14523],{"class":74},[64,29694,137],{"class":95},[64,29696,28501],{"class":140},[64,29698,366],{"class":95},[64,29700,29701,29703,29705,29707],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,29702,8039],{"class":211},[64,29704,144],{"class":95},[64,29706,23264],{"class":140},[64,29708,150],{"class":95},[64,29710,29711,29713],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,29712,27388],{"class":70},[64,29714,6363],{"class":95},[64,29716,29717,29719,29721,29723,29726,29728],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,29718,8039],{"class":211},[64,29720,144],{"class":95},[64,29722,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29724,29725],{"class":1422},"Dictionary is empty",[64,29727,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29729,150],{"class":95},[816,29731,29733,29734],{"id":29732},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[61,29735,29736],{},"try-except",[54,29738,29740],{"className":56,"code":29739,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[61,29741,29742,29750,29754,29761,29775,29785,29795],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29743,29744,29746,29748],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29745,9137],{"class":74},[64,29747,92],{"class":91},[64,29749,9810],{"class":95},[64,29751,29752],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29753,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29755,29756,29759],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,29757,29758],{"class":70},"try",[64,29760,6363],{"class":95},[64,29762,29763,29765,29767,29769,29771,29773],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,29764,29688],{"class":74},[64,29766,92],{"class":91},[64,29768,14523],{"class":74},[64,29770,137],{"class":95},[64,29772,28501],{"class":140},[64,29774,366],{"class":95},[64,29776,29777,29779,29781,29783],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,29778,8039],{"class":211},[64,29780,144],{"class":95},[64,29782,23264],{"class":140},[64,29784,150],{"class":95},[64,29786,29787,29790,29793],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,29788,29789],{"class":70},"except",[64,29791,29792],{"class":1778}," KeyError",[64,29794,6363],{"class":95},[64,29796,29797,29799,29801,29803,29806,29808],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,29798,8039],{"class":211},[64,29800,144],{"class":95},[64,29802,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29804,29805],{"class":1422},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[64,29807,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29809,150],{"class":95},[14,29811,29812,29813,137],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[543,29814,25634,29816],{"href":29815},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[61,29817,29818],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[49,29820,4925,29822],{"id":29821},"when-to-use-popitem",[61,29823,12736],{},[14,29825,29826,29828],{},[61,29827,12736],{}," is useful when:",[21,29830,29831,29834,29837],{},[24,29832,29833],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[24,29835,29836],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[24,29838,29839],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29841,29842],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[54,29844,29846],{"className":56,"code":29845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[61,29847,29848,29857,29877,29897,29915,29919,29923,29933,29952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29849,29850,29853,29855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29851,29852],{"class":74},"tasks ",[64,29854,92],{"class":91},[64,29856,11467],{"class":95},[64,29858,29859,29861,29864,29866,29868,29870,29873,29875],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,29860,11472],{"class":1418},[64,29862,29863],{"class":1422},"first",[64,29865,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29867,1117],{"class":95},[64,29869,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29871,29872],{"class":1422},"wash dishes",[64,29874,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29876,11488],{"class":95},[64,29878,29879,29881,29884,29886,29888,29890,29893,29895],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,29880,11472],{"class":1418},[64,29882,29883],{"class":1422},"second",[64,29885,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29887,1117],{"class":95},[64,29889,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29891,29892],{"class":1422},"do homework",[64,29894,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29896,11488],{"class":95},[64,29898,29899,29901,29904,29906,29908,29910,29913],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,29900,11472],{"class":1418},[64,29902,29903],{"class":1422},"third",[64,29905,1419],{"class":1418},[64,29907,1117],{"class":95},[64,29909,3315],{"class":1418},[64,29911,29912],{"class":1422},"read book",[64,29914,3321],{"class":1418},[64,29916,29917],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,29918,9280],{"class":95},[64,29920,29921],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,29922,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,29924,29925,29928,29931],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,29926,29927],{"class":70},"while",[64,29929,29930],{"class":74}," tasks",[64,29932,6363],{"class":95},[64,29934,29935,29938,29940,29942,29944,29946,29948,29950],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,29936,29937],{"class":74},"    key",[64,29939,103],{"class":95},[64,29941,21537],{"class":74},[64,29943,92],{"class":91},[64,29945,29930],{"class":74},[64,29947,137],{"class":95},[64,29949,28501],{"class":140},[64,29951,366],{"class":95},[64,29953,29954,29956,29958,29960,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,29955,8039],{"class":211},[64,29957,144],{"class":95},[64,29959,22247],{"class":2029},[64,29961,1419],{"class":1422},[64,29963,9249],{"class":99},[64,29965,14796],{"class":140},[64,29967,22256],{"class":99},[64,29969,22259],{"class":1422},[64,29971,9249],{"class":99},[64,29973,2436],{"class":140},[64,29975,22256],{"class":99},[64,29977,1419],{"class":1422},[64,29979,150],{"class":95},[14,29981,29982],{},[37,29983,29984],{},"Possible output:",[54,29986,29988],{"className":56,"code":29987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[61,29989,29990,29999,30008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,29991,29992,29994,29996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29993,29903],{"class":74},[64,29995,1117],{"class":95},[64,29997,29998],{"class":74}," read book\n",[64,30000,30001,30003,30005],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,30002,29883],{"class":74},[64,30004,1117],{"class":95},[64,30006,30007],{"class":74}," do homework\n",[64,30009,30010,30012,30014],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,30011,29863],{"class":74},[64,30013,1117],{"class":95},[64,30015,30016],{"class":74}," wash dishes\n",[14,30018,29015,30019,30021],{},[61,30020,12736],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[49,30023,1646],{"id":1645},[14,30025,14689,30026,1117],{},[61,30027,12736],{},[21,30029,30030,30044,30063,30074],{},[24,30031,30032,30037],{},[37,30033,29604,30034,30036],{},[61,30035,12736],{}," on an empty dictionary",[21,30038,30039],{},[24,30040,30041,30042,137],{},"This raises ",[61,30043,19641],{},[24,30045,30046,30051],{},[37,30047,8423,30048,30050],{},[61,30049,12736],{}," to remove a specific key",[21,30052,30053,30056],{},[24,30054,30055],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[24,30057,256,30058,30062],{},[543,30059,30060],{"href":12533},[61,30061,12729],{}," if you need that.",[24,30064,30065,30069],{},[37,30066,4668,30067,27653],{},[61,30068,12736],{},[21,30070,30071],{},[24,30072,30073],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[24,30075,30076,30079],{},[37,30077,30078],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[21,30080,30081],{},[24,30082,30083,21928,30085,30087],{},[61,30084,12736],{},[61,30086,21608],{}," tuple.",[14,30089,30090],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[54,30092,30094],{"className":56,"code":30093,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[61,30095,30096,30106,30120,30124,30138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30097,30098,30100,30102,30104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30099,212],{"class":211},[64,30101,144],{"class":95},[64,30103,11423],{"class":140},[64,30105,150],{"class":95},[64,30107,30108,30110,30112,30114,30116,30118],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,30109,212],{"class":211},[64,30111,144],{"class":95},[64,30113,11134],{"class":211},[64,30115,144],{"class":95},[64,30117,11423],{"class":140},[64,30119,1737],{"class":95},[64,30121,30122],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,30123,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,30125,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,30127,28492],{"class":74},[64,30129,92],{"class":91},[64,30131,11740],{"class":74},[64,30133,137],{"class":95},[64,30135,28501],{"class":140},[64,30137,366],{"class":95},[64,30139,30140,30142,30144,30146],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,30141,212],{"class":211},[64,30143,144],{"class":95},[64,30145,23264],{"class":140},[64,30147,150],{"class":95},[14,30149,30150],{},"Or with unpacking:",[54,30152,30154],{"className":56,"code":30153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[61,30155,30156,30174,30184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30157,30158,30160,30162,30164,30166,30168,30170,30172],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30159,14796],{"class":74},[64,30161,103],{"class":95},[64,30163,21537],{"class":74},[64,30165,92],{"class":91},[64,30167,11740],{"class":74},[64,30169,137],{"class":95},[64,30171,28501],{"class":140},[64,30173,366],{"class":95},[64,30175,30176,30178,30180,30182],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,30177,212],{"class":211},[64,30179,144],{"class":95},[64,30181,14796],{"class":140},[64,30183,150],{"class":95},[64,30185,30186,30188,30190,30192],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,30187,212],{"class":211},[64,30189,144],{"class":95},[64,30191,2436],{"class":140},[64,30193,150],{"class":95},[49,30195,1826],{"id":1825},[816,30197,5107,30199,5110],{"id":30198},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[61,30200,12736],{},[14,30202,30203,30204,137],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[61,30205,30206],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[816,30208,12670,30210,30212],{"id":30209},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[61,30211,12736],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30214,30215],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[816,30217,30219,30220,30222],{"id":30218},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[61,30221,12736],{}," removes?",[14,30224,30225,30226,30230],{},"No. Use ",[543,30227,30228],{"href":12533},[61,30229,12729],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[816,30232,12670,30234,14850],{"id":30233},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[61,30235,12736],{},[14,30237,30238],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[816,30240,30242,30243,30245],{"id":30241},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[61,30244,12736],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30247,30248,30249,30251,30252,137],{},"It raises ",[61,30250,19641],{}," with the message ",[61,30253,29651],{},[49,30255,1865],{"id":1864},[21,30257,30258,30265,30271,30277,30283,30290,30294,30298],{},[24,30259,30260],{},[543,30261,30262,30264],{"href":12533},[61,30263,12729],{}," method for dictionaries",[24,30266,30267],{},[543,30268,30269,30264],{"href":17028},[61,30270,17031],{},[24,30272,30273],{},[543,30274,30275,30264],{"href":17015},[61,30276,17018],{},[24,30278,30279],{},[543,30280,30281,30264],{"href":17021},[61,30282,17024],{},[24,30284,30285],{},[543,30286,30288,30264],{"href":30287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[61,30289,11294],{},[24,30291,30292],{},[543,30293,12753],{"href":12540},[24,30295,30296],{},[543,30297,21410],{"href":16549},[24,30299,30300],{},[543,30301,30302,30303],{"href":29815},"Fix ",[61,30304,29818],{},[1898,30306,30307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":30309},[30310,30311,30313,30314,30315,30316,30317,30318,30323,30328,30330,30331,30343],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":28588,"depth":78,"text":30312},"What popitem() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":28658,"depth":78,"text":28659},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":29011,"depth":78,"text":29012},{"id":29203,"depth":78,"text":29204},{"id":29331,"depth":78,"text":30319,"children":30320},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30321,30322],{"id":28501,"depth":85,"text":12736},{"id":26196,"depth":85,"text":12729},{"id":29600,"depth":78,"text":29601,"children":30324},[30325,30326],{"id":29657,"depth":85,"text":29658},{"id":29732,"depth":85,"text":30327},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29821,"depth":78,"text":30329},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":30332},[30333,30335,30337,30339,30341],{"id":30198,"depth":85,"text":30334},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30209,"depth":85,"text":30336},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30218,"depth":85,"text":30338},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30233,"depth":85,"text":30340},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30241,"depth":85,"text":30342},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28327,"description":30344},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30351,"title":30352,"body":30353,"description":32256,"extension":1927,"meta":32257,"navigation":81,"path":13994,"seo":32258,"stem":32259,"__hash__":32260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30354,"toc":32228},[30355,30360,30365,30368,30370,30467,30472,30477,30482,30485,30493,30496,30511,30513,30613,30615,30672,30676,30678,30681,30701,30706,30717,30720,30747,30750,30752,30809,30811,30832,30838,30843,30846,30857,30859,30967,30969,31022,31024,31036,31043,31049,31054,31057,31145,31147,31192,31195,31203,31206,31209,31278,31281,31284,31288,31291,31362,31364,31417,31420,31423,31426,31441,31444,31456,31459,31522,31524,31530,31532,31534,31613,31615,31656,31658,31723,31725,31762,31767,31772,31776,31790,31793,31916,31918,32003,32008,32010,32014,32036,32039,32119,32122,32141,32146,32148,32154,32159,32165,32168,32174,32177,32183,32188,32194,32200,32202,32225],[10,30356,11291,30358,11295],{"id":30357},"python-dictionary-update-method",[61,30359,14908],{},[14,30361,1944,30362,30364],{},[61,30363,14908],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30366,30367],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[49,30369,52],{"id":51},[54,30371,30373],{"className":56,"code":30372,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[61,30374,30375,30411,30452,30462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30376,30377,30379,30381,30383,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30378,13170],{"class":74},[64,30380,92],{"class":91},[64,30382,1415],{"class":95},[64,30384,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30386,7637],{"class":1422},[64,30388,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30390,1117],{"class":95},[64,30392,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30394,12846],{"class":1422},[64,30396,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30398,103],{"class":95},[64,30400,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30402,9270],{"class":1422},[64,30404,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30406,1117],{"class":95},[64,30408,1437],{"class":99},[64,30410,9280],{"class":95},[64,30412,30413,30415,30417,30420,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,30414,17260],{"class":74},[64,30416,137],{"class":95},[64,30418,30419],{"class":140},"update",[64,30421,5497],{"class":95},[64,30423,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30425,9270],{"class":1422},[64,30427,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30429,1117],{"class":95},[64,30431,30432],{"class":99}," 21",[64,30434,103],{"class":95},[64,30436,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30438,10381],{"class":1422},[64,30440,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30442,1117],{"class":95},[64,30444,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30446,15984],{"class":1422},[64,30448,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30450,30451],{"class":95},"})\n",[64,30453,30454,30456,30458,30460],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,30455,212],{"class":211},[64,30457,144],{"class":95},[64,30459,17260],{"class":140},[64,30461,150],{"class":95},[64,30463,30464],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,30465,30466],{"class":222},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30468,256,30469,30471],{},[61,30470,14908],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[49,30473,3639,30475,3642],{"id":30474},"what-update-does",[61,30476,14908],{},[14,30478,30479,30481],{},[61,30480,14908],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30483,30484],{},"It can do two main things:",[21,30486,30487,30490],{},[24,30488,30489],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[24,30491,30492],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30494,30495],{},"Important things to know:",[21,30497,30498,30501,30504,30508],{},[24,30499,30500],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[24,30502,30503],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[24,30505,5113,30506],{},[61,30507,3741],{},[24,30509,30510],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30512,318],{},[54,30514,30516],{"className":56,"code":30515,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[61,30517,30518,30560,30603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30519,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30556,30558],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30521,12829],{"class":74},[64,30523,92],{"class":91},[64,30525,1415],{"class":95},[64,30527,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30529,7637],{"class":1422},[64,30531,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30533,1117],{"class":95},[64,30535,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30537,30538],{"class":1422},"Mira",[64,30540,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30542,103],{"class":95},[64,30544,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30546,19845],{"class":1422},[64,30548,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30550,1117],{"class":95},[64,30552,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30554,30555],{"class":1422},"B",[64,30557,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30559,9280],{"class":95},[64,30561,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30599,30601],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,30563,13589],{"class":74},[64,30565,137],{"class":95},[64,30567,30419],{"class":140},[64,30569,5497],{"class":95},[64,30571,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30573,19845],{"class":1422},[64,30575,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30577,1117],{"class":95},[64,30579,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30581,22198],{"class":1422},[64,30583,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30585,103],{"class":95},[64,30587,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30589,10381],{"class":1422},[64,30591,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30593,1117],{"class":95},[64,30595,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30597,30598],{"class":1422},"Quito",[64,30600,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30602,30451],{"class":95},[64,30604,30605,30607,30609,30611],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,30606,212],{"class":211},[64,30608,144],{"class":95},[64,30610,13589],{"class":140},[64,30612,150],{"class":95},[14,30614,2035],{},[54,30616,30618],{"className":56,"code":30617,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[61,30619,30620],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30621,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30623,9249],{"class":95},[64,30625,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30627,7637],{"class":1422},[64,30629,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30631,1117],{"class":95},[64,30633,3256],{"class":1418},[64,30635,30538],{"class":1422},[64,30637,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30639,103],{"class":95},[64,30641,3256],{"class":1418},[64,30643,19845],{"class":1422},[64,30645,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30647,1117],{"class":95},[64,30649,3256],{"class":1418},[64,30651,22198],{"class":1422},[64,30653,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30655,103],{"class":95},[64,30657,3256],{"class":1418},[64,30659,10381],{"class":1422},[64,30661,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30663,1117],{"class":95},[64,30665,3256],{"class":1418},[64,30667,30598],{"class":1422},[64,30669,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30671,9280],{"class":95},[14,30673,9123,30674,137],{},[543,30675,24582],{"href":9362},[49,30677,2120],{"id":2119},[14,30679,30680],{},"The basic form is:",[54,30682,30684],{"className":56,"code":30683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[61,30685,30686],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30687,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696,30699],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30689,15557],{"class":74},[64,30691,137],{"class":95},[64,30693,30419],{"class":140},[64,30695,144],{"class":95},[64,30697,30698],{"class":140},"other",[64,30700,150],{"class":95},[14,30702,30703,30705],{},[61,30704,30698],{}," can be:",[21,30707,30708,30711,30714],{},[24,30709,30710],{},"Another dictionary",[24,30712,30713],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[24,30715,30716],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30718,30719],{},"You can also use:",[54,30721,30723],{"className":56,"code":30722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[61,30724,30725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30726,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30728,15557],{"class":74},[64,30730,137],{"class":95},[64,30732,30419],{"class":140},[64,30734,144],{"class":95},[64,30736,7637],{"class":9147},[64,30738,92],{"class":91},[64,30740,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30742,7646],{"class":1422},[64,30744,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30746,150],{"class":95},[14,30748,30749],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30751,318],{},[54,30753,30755],{"className":56,"code":30754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[61,30756,30757,30777,30799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30758,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30760,9137],{"class":74},[64,30762,92],{"class":91},[64,30764,1415],{"class":95},[64,30766,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30768,543],{"class":1422},[64,30770,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30772,1117],{"class":95},[64,30774,5465],{"class":99},[64,30776,9280],{"class":95},[64,30778,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,30780,9176],{"class":74},[64,30782,137],{"class":95},[64,30784,30419],{"class":140},[64,30786,5497],{"class":95},[64,30788,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30790,543],{"class":1422},[64,30792,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30794,1117],{"class":95},[64,30796,5973],{"class":99},[64,30798,30451],{"class":95},[64,30800,30801,30803,30805,30807],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,30802,212],{"class":211},[64,30804,144],{"class":95},[64,30806,9176],{"class":140},[64,30808,150],{"class":95},[14,30810,2035],{},[54,30812,30814],{"className":56,"code":30813,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a': 10}\n",[61,30815,30816],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30817,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30819,9249],{"class":95},[64,30821,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30823,543],{"class":1422},[64,30825,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30827,1117],{"class":95},[64,30829,5973],{"class":99},[64,30831,9280],{"class":95},[49,30833,1654,30835,30837],{"id":30834},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[61,30836,14908],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30839,30840,30841,137],{},"This is the most common use of ",[61,30842,14908],{},[14,30844,30845],{},"It is useful when:",[21,30847,30848,30851,30854],{},[24,30849,30850],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[24,30852,30853],{},"Adding extra settings",[24,30855,30856],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30858,318],{},[54,30860,30862],{"className":56,"code":30861,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[61,30863,30864,30901,30938,30942,30957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30865,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30899],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30867,13787],{"class":74},[64,30869,92],{"class":91},[64,30871,1415],{"class":95},[64,30873,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30875,12461],{"class":1422},[64,30877,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30879,1117],{"class":95},[64,30881,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30883,20881],{"class":1422},[64,30885,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30887,103],{"class":95},[64,30889,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30891,13812],{"class":1422},[64,30893,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30895,1117],{"class":95},[64,30897,30898],{"class":99}," 12",[64,30900,9280],{"class":95},[64,30902,30903,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,30904,30905],{"class":74},"new_settings ",[64,30907,92],{"class":91},[64,30909,1415],{"class":95},[64,30911,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30913,13812],{"class":1422},[64,30915,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30917,1117],{"class":95},[64,30919,13819],{"class":99},[64,30921,103],{"class":95},[64,30923,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30925,20077],{"class":1422},[64,30927,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30929,1117],{"class":95},[64,30931,3315],{"class":1418},[64,30933,20111],{"class":1422},[64,30935,1419],{"class":1418},[64,30937,9280],{"class":95},[64,30939,30940],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,30941,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,30943,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30955],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,30945,13846],{"class":74},[64,30947,137],{"class":95},[64,30949,30419],{"class":140},[64,30951,144],{"class":95},[64,30953,30954],{"class":140},"new_settings",[64,30956,150],{"class":95},[64,30958,30959,30961,30963,30965],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,30960,212],{"class":211},[64,30962,144],{"class":95},[64,30964,13846],{"class":140},[64,30966,150],{"class":95},[14,30968,2035],{},[54,30970,30972],{"className":56,"code":30971,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[61,30973,30974],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,30975,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30977,9249],{"class":95},[64,30979,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30981,12461],{"class":1422},[64,30983,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30985,1117],{"class":95},[64,30987,3256],{"class":1418},[64,30989,20881],{"class":1422},[64,30991,3261],{"class":1418},[64,30993,103],{"class":95},[64,30995,3256],{"class":1418},[64,30997,13812],{"class":1422},[64,30999,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31001,1117],{"class":95},[64,31003,13819],{"class":99},[64,31005,103],{"class":95},[64,31007,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31009,20077],{"class":1422},[64,31011,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31013,1117],{"class":95},[64,31015,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31017,20111],{"class":1422},[64,31019,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31021,9280],{"class":95},[14,31023,13374],{},[21,31025,31026,31031],{},[24,31027,31028,31030],{},[61,31029,13812],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[24,31032,31033,31035],{},[61,31034,20077],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31037,31038,31039,137],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[543,31040,31042],{"href":31041},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[49,31044,1654,31046,31048],{"id":31045},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[61,31047,14908],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31050,31051,31053],{},[61,31052,14908],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31055,31056],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[54,31058,31060],{"className":56,"code":31059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[61,31061,31062,31082,31117,31121,31135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31063,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31065,5028],{"class":74},[64,31067,92],{"class":91},[64,31069,1415],{"class":95},[64,31071,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31073,18370],{"class":1422},[64,31075,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31077,1117],{"class":95},[64,31079,19852],{"class":99},[64,31081,9280],{"class":95},[64,31083,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31109,31111,31113,31115],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31085,9187],{"class":74},[64,31087,92],{"class":91},[64,31089,9192],{"class":95},[64,31091,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31093,18379],{"class":1422},[64,31095,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31097,103],{"class":95},[64,31099,13472],{"class":99},[64,31101,1727],{"class":95},[64,31103,9207],{"class":95},[64,31105,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31107,31108],{"class":1422},"english",[64,31110,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31112,103],{"class":95},[64,31114,28874],{"class":99},[64,31116,9220],{"class":95},[64,31118,31119],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,31120,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,31122,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,31124,1423],{"class":74},[64,31126,137],{"class":95},[64,31128,30419],{"class":140},[64,31130,144],{"class":95},[64,31132,9233],{"class":140},[64,31134,150],{"class":95},[64,31136,31137,31139,31141,31143],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,31138,212],{"class":211},[64,31140,144],{"class":95},[64,31142,1423],{"class":140},[64,31144,150],{"class":95},[14,31146,2035],{},[54,31148,31150],{"className":56,"code":31149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[61,31151,31152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31153,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31155,9249],{"class":95},[64,31157,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31159,18370],{"class":1422},[64,31161,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31163,1117],{"class":95},[64,31165,19852],{"class":99},[64,31167,103],{"class":95},[64,31169,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31171,18379],{"class":1422},[64,31173,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31175,1117],{"class":95},[64,31177,13472],{"class":99},[64,31179,103],{"class":95},[64,31181,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31183,31108],{"class":1422},[64,31185,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31187,1117],{"class":95},[64,31189,28874],{"class":99},[64,31191,9280],{"class":95},[14,31193,31194],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[21,31196,31197,31200],{},[24,31198,31199],{},"The key",[24,31201,31202],{},"The value",[14,31204,31205],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31207,31208],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[54,31210,31212],{"className":56,"code":31211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[61,31213,31214,31234,31259,31263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31215,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31217,9137],{"class":74},[64,31219,92],{"class":91},[64,31221,1415],{"class":95},[64,31223,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31225,543],{"class":1422},[64,31227,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31229,1117],{"class":95},[64,31231,5465],{"class":99},[64,31233,9280],{"class":95},[64,31235,31236,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31237,31238],{"class":74},"bad_pairs ",[64,31240,92],{"class":91},[64,31242,9192],{"class":95},[64,31244,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31246,1235],{"class":1422},[64,31248,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31250,103],{"class":95},[64,31252,106],{"class":99},[64,31254,103],{"class":95},[64,31256,743],{"class":99},[64,31258,9220],{"class":95},[64,31260,31261],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,31262,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,31264,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31276],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,31266,9176],{"class":74},[64,31268,137],{"class":95},[64,31270,30419],{"class":140},[64,31272,144],{"class":95},[64,31274,31275],{"class":140},"bad_pairs",[64,31277,150],{"class":95},[14,31279,31280],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31282,31283],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[49,31285,31287],{"id":31286},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31289,31290],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[54,31292,31294],{"className":56,"code":31293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[61,31295,31296,31320,31352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31297,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31299,11462],{"class":74},[64,31301,92],{"class":91},[64,31303,1415],{"class":95},[64,31305,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31307,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31309,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31311,1117],{"class":95},[64,31313,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31315,28867],{"class":1422},[64,31317,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31319,9280],{"class":95},[64,31321,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31341,31343,31345,31348,31350],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31323,11556],{"class":74},[64,31325,137],{"class":95},[64,31327,30419],{"class":140},[64,31329,144],{"class":95},[64,31331,9270],{"class":9147},[64,31333,92],{"class":91},[64,31335,9165],{"class":99},[64,31337,103],{"class":95},[64,31339,31340],{"class":9147}," city",[64,31342,92],{"class":91},[64,31344,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31346,31347],{"class":1422},"Madrid",[64,31349,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31351,150],{"class":95},[64,31353,31354,31356,31358,31360],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,31355,212],{"class":211},[64,31357,144],{"class":95},[64,31359,11556],{"class":140},[64,31361,150],{"class":95},[14,31363,2035],{},[54,31365,31367],{"className":56,"code":31366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[61,31368,31369],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31370,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31372,9249],{"class":95},[64,31374,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31376,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31378,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31380,1117],{"class":95},[64,31382,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31384,28867],{"class":1422},[64,31386,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31388,103],{"class":95},[64,31390,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31392,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31394,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31396,1117],{"class":95},[64,31398,9277],{"class":99},[64,31400,103],{"class":95},[64,31402,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31404,10381],{"class":1422},[64,31406,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31408,1117],{"class":95},[64,31410,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31412,31347],{"class":1422},[64,31414,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31416,9280],{"class":95},[14,31418,31419],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31421,31422],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31424,31425],{},"These work:",[21,31427,31428,31432,31436],{},[24,31429,31430],{},[61,31431,9270],{},[24,31433,31434],{},[61,31435,10381],{},[24,31437,31438],{},[61,31439,31440],{},"first_name",[14,31442,31443],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[21,31445,31446,31451],{},[24,31447,31448],{},[61,31449,31450],{},"\"first name\"",[24,31452,31453],{},[61,31454,31455],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31457,31458],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[54,31460,31462],{"className":56,"code":31461,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[61,31463,31464,31472,31512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31465,31466,31468,31470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31467,11462],{"class":74},[64,31469,92],{"class":91},[64,31471,9810],{"class":95},[64,31473,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31503,31505,31507,31510],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31475,11556],{"class":74},[64,31477,137],{"class":95},[64,31479,30419],{"class":140},[64,31481,5497],{"class":95},[64,31483,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31485,10484],{"class":1422},[64,31487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31489,1117],{"class":95},[64,31491,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31493,28867],{"class":1422},[64,31495,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31497,103],{"class":95},[64,31499,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31501,31502],{"class":1422},"user-id",[64,31504,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31506,1117],{"class":95},[64,31508,31509],{"class":99}," 1001",[64,31511,30451],{"class":95},[64,31513,31514,31516,31518,31520],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,31515,212],{"class":211},[64,31517,144],{"class":95},[64,31519,11556],{"class":140},[64,31521,150],{"class":95},[49,31523,17372],{"id":17371},[14,31525,31526,2361,31528,137],{},[61,31527,14908],{},[61,31529,3741],{},[14,31531,14010],{},[14,31533,24662],{},[54,31535,31537],{"className":56,"code":31536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[61,31538,31539,31563,31589,31593,31603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31540,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31542,13170],{"class":74},[64,31544,92],{"class":91},[64,31546,1415],{"class":95},[64,31548,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31550,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31552,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31554,1117],{"class":95},[64,31556,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31558,12846],{"class":1422},[64,31560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31562,9280],{"class":95},[64,31564,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31566,2194],{"class":74},[64,31568,92],{"class":91},[64,31570,13213],{"class":74},[64,31572,137],{"class":95},[64,31574,30419],{"class":140},[64,31576,5497],{"class":95},[64,31578,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31580,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31582,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31584,1117],{"class":95},[64,31586,1437],{"class":99},[64,31588,30451],{"class":95},[64,31590,31591],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,31592,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,31594,31595,31597,31599,31601],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,31596,212],{"class":211},[64,31598,144],{"class":95},[64,31600,2229],{"class":140},[64,31602,150],{"class":95},[64,31604,31605,31607,31609,31611],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,31606,212],{"class":211},[64,31608,144],{"class":95},[64,31610,17260],{"class":140},[64,31612,150],{"class":95},[14,31614,2035],{},[54,31616,31618],{"className":56,"code":31617,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[61,31619,31620,31624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31621,31622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31623,11782],{"class":3816},[64,31625,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31627,9249],{"class":95},[64,31629,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31631,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31633,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31635,1117],{"class":95},[64,31637,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31639,12846],{"class":1422},[64,31641,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31643,103],{"class":95},[64,31645,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31647,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31649,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31651,1117],{"class":95},[64,31653,1437],{"class":99},[64,31655,9280],{"class":95},[14,31657,16608],{},[54,31659,31661],{"className":56,"code":31660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[61,31662,31663,31687,31709,31713],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31664,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31666,13170],{"class":74},[64,31668,92],{"class":91},[64,31670,1415],{"class":95},[64,31672,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31674,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31676,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31678,1117],{"class":95},[64,31680,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31682,12846],{"class":1422},[64,31684,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31686,9280],{"class":95},[64,31688,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31690,17260],{"class":74},[64,31692,137],{"class":95},[64,31694,30419],{"class":140},[64,31696,5497],{"class":95},[64,31698,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31700,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31702,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31704,1117],{"class":95},[64,31706,1437],{"class":99},[64,31708,30451],{"class":95},[64,31710,31711],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,31712,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,31714,31715,31717,31719,31721],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,31716,212],{"class":211},[64,31718,144],{"class":95},[64,31720,17260],{"class":140},[64,31722,150],{"class":95},[14,31724,2035],{},[54,31726,31728],{"className":56,"code":31727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[61,31729,31730],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31731,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31733,9249],{"class":95},[64,31735,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31737,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31739,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31741,1117],{"class":95},[64,31743,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31745,12846],{"class":1422},[64,31747,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31749,103],{"class":95},[64,31751,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31753,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31755,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31757,1117],{"class":95},[64,31759,1437],{"class":99},[64,31761,9280],{"class":95},[14,31763,31764,31765,137],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[543,31766,17858],{"href":10703},[49,31768,4925,31770],{"id":31769},"when-to-use-update",[61,31771,14908],{},[14,31773,256,31774,10573],{},[61,31775,14908],{},[21,31777,31778,31781,31784,31787],{},[24,31779,31780],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[24,31782,31783],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[24,31785,31786],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[24,31788,31789],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31791,31792],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[54,31794,31796],{"className":56,"code":31795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[61,31797,31798,31834,31849,31853,31892,31896,31906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31799,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31801,88],{"class":74},[64,31803,92],{"class":91},[64,31805,1415],{"class":95},[64,31807,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31809,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31811,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31813,1117],{"class":95},[64,31815,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31817,12846],{"class":1422},[64,31819,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31821,103],{"class":95},[64,31823,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31825,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31827,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31829,1117],{"class":95},[64,31831,1437],{"class":99},[64,31833,9280],{"class":95},[64,31835,31836,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31837,31838],{"class":74},"updated ",[64,31840,92],{"class":91},[64,31842,359],{"class":74},[64,31844,137],{"class":95},[64,31846,141],{"class":140},[64,31848,366],{"class":95},[64,31850,31851],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,31852,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,31854,31855,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,31856,31857],{"class":74},"updated",[64,31859,137],{"class":95},[64,31861,30419],{"class":140},[64,31863,5497],{"class":95},[64,31865,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31867,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31869,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31871,1117],{"class":95},[64,31873,30432],{"class":99},[64,31875,103],{"class":95},[64,31877,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31879,10381],{"class":1422},[64,31881,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31883,1117],{"class":95},[64,31885,3315],{"class":1418},[64,31887,15984],{"class":1422},[64,31889,1419],{"class":1418},[64,31891,30451],{"class":95},[64,31893,31894],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,31895,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,31897,31898,31900,31902,31904],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,31899,212],{"class":211},[64,31901,144],{"class":95},[64,31903,147],{"class":140},[64,31905,150],{"class":95},[64,31907,31908,31910,31912,31914],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,31909,212],{"class":211},[64,31911,144],{"class":95},[64,31913,31857],{"class":140},[64,31915,150],{"class":95},[14,31917,2035],{},[54,31919,31921],{"className":56,"code":31920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[61,31922,31923,31955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,31924,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31926,9249],{"class":95},[64,31928,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31930,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31932,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31934,1117],{"class":95},[64,31936,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31938,12846],{"class":1422},[64,31940,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31942,103],{"class":95},[64,31944,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31946,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31948,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31950,1117],{"class":95},[64,31952,1437],{"class":99},[64,31954,9280],{"class":95},[64,31956,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,31958,9249],{"class":95},[64,31960,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31962,7637],{"class":1422},[64,31964,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31966,1117],{"class":95},[64,31968,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31970,12846],{"class":1422},[64,31972,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31974,103],{"class":95},[64,31976,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31978,9270],{"class":1422},[64,31980,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31982,1117],{"class":95},[64,31984,30432],{"class":99},[64,31986,103],{"class":95},[64,31988,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31990,10381],{"class":1422},[64,31992,3261],{"class":1418},[64,31994,1117],{"class":95},[64,31996,3256],{"class":1418},[64,31998,15984],{"class":1422},[64,32000,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32002,9280],{"class":95},[14,32004,32005,32006,137],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[543,32007,16550],{"href":16549},[49,32009,1646],{"id":1645},[14,32011,10719,32012,1117],{},[61,32013,14908],{},[21,32015,32016,32023,32027,32030,32033],{},[24,32017,12561,32018,32020,32021],{},[61,32019,14908],{}," to a variable and getting ",[61,32022,3741],{},[24,32024,8423,32025,12569],{},[61,32026,14908],{},[24,32028,32029],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[24,32031,32032],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[24,32034,32035],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32037,32038],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[54,32040,32042],{"className":56,"code":32041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[61,32043,32044,32054,32068,32082,32104],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32045,32046,32048,32050,32052],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32047,212],{"class":211},[64,32049,144],{"class":95},[64,32051,11423],{"class":140},[64,32053,150],{"class":95},[64,32055,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32057,212],{"class":211},[64,32059,144],{"class":95},[64,32061,1779],{"class":1778},[64,32063,144],{"class":95},[64,32065,9176],{"class":140},[64,32067,1737],{"class":95},[64,32069,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,32071,212],{"class":211},[64,32073,144],{"class":95},[64,32075,8064],{"class":1778},[64,32077,144],{"class":95},[64,32079,9176],{"class":140},[64,32081,1737],{"class":95},[64,32083,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,32085,212],{"class":211},[64,32087,144],{"class":95},[64,32089,11423],{"class":140},[64,32091,137],{"class":95},[64,32093,19704],{"class":140},[64,32095,144],{"class":95},[64,32097,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32099,14796],{"class":1422},[64,32101,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32103,1737],{"class":95},[64,32105,32106,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,32107,32108],{"class":211},"help",[64,32110,144],{"class":95},[64,32112,8792],{"class":1778},[64,32114,137],{"class":95},[64,32116,30419],{"class":24704},[64,32118,150],{"class":95},[14,32120,32121],{},"These can help you check:",[21,32123,32124,32127,32132,32135,32138],{},[24,32125,32126],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[24,32128,32129,32130],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[61,32131,14908],{},[24,32133,32134],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[24,32136,32137],{},"Whether a key exists",[24,32139,32140],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32142,32143,32144,137],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[543,32145,11235],{"href":11046},[49,32147,1826],{"id":1825},[816,32149,12670,32151,32153],{"id":32150},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[61,32152,14908],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32155,32156,32157,137],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[61,32158,3741],{},[816,32160,12670,32162,32164],{"id":32161},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[61,32163,14908],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32166,32167],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[816,32169,5135,32171,32173],{"id":32170},"can-update-add-new-keys",[61,32172,14908],{}," add new keys?",[14,32175,32176],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[816,32178,28282,32180,32182],{"id":32179},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[61,32181,14908],{}," with a list?",[14,32184,32185,32186,137],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[61,32187,11067],{},[816,32189,5145,32191,32193],{"id":32190},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[61,32192,14908],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32195,32196,32197,32199],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[61,32198,14908],{}," can change many keys at once.",[49,32201,1865],{"id":1864},[21,32203,32204,32208,32212,32217,32221],{},[24,32205,32206],{},[543,32207,26050],{"href":9362},[24,32209,32210],{},[543,32211,11224],{"href":10703},[24,32213,32214],{},[543,32215,32216],{"href":31041},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[24,32218,32219],{},[543,32220,21410],{"href":16549},[24,32222,32223],{},[543,32224,11235],{"href":11046},[1898,32226,32227],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":32229},[32230,32231,32233,32234,32236,32238,32239,32240,32242,32243,32255],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":30474,"depth":78,"text":32232},"What update() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":30834,"depth":78,"text":32235},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31045,"depth":78,"text":32237},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31286,"depth":78,"text":31287},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":31769,"depth":78,"text":32241},"When to use update()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":32244},[32245,32247,32249,32251,32253],{"id":32150,"depth":85,"text":32246},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32161,"depth":85,"text":32248},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32170,"depth":85,"text":32250},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32179,"depth":85,"text":32252},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32190,"depth":85,"text":32254},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30352,"description":32256},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32262,"title":32263,"body":32264,"description":34253,"extension":1927,"meta":34254,"navigation":81,"path":22848,"seo":34255,"stem":34256,"__hash__":34257},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32265,"toc":34216},[32266,32271,32278,32281,32283,32382,32384,32439,32444,32449,32463,32468,32470,32485,32487,32501,32514,32519,32525,32532,32534,32641,32643,32692,32698,32773,32775,32796,32798,32801,32906,32908,32963,32965,32993,32997,33002,33081,33083,33103,33105,33116,33126,33130,33135,33239,33241,33266,33269,33280,33285,33294,33297,33314,33316,33403,33405,33468,33470,33493,33495,33500,33506,33511,33513,33552,33558,33561,33580,33591,33597,33600,33673,33675,33694,33699,33702,33725,33731,33734,33798,33801,33878,33885,33888,33947,33953,33955,33974,33978,33981,34032,34035,34055,34057,34118,34120,34125,34130,34135,34140,34145,34150,34156,34159,34168,34176,34178,34213],[10,32267,11291,32269,11295],{"id":32268},"python-dictionary-values-method",[61,32270,17024],{},[14,32272,32273,32274,32277],{},"The Python ",[61,32275,32276],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32279,32280],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[49,32282,52],{"id":51},[54,32284,32286],{"className":56,"code":32285,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[61,32287,32288,32340,32354,32358,32368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32289,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334,32336,32338],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32291,12829],{"class":74},[64,32293,92],{"class":91},[64,32295,1415],{"class":95},[64,32297,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32299,7637],{"class":1422},[64,32301,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32303,1117],{"class":95},[64,32305,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32307,12846],{"class":1422},[64,32309,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32311,103],{"class":95},[64,32313,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32315,9270],{"class":1422},[64,32317,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32319,1117],{"class":95},[64,32321,1437],{"class":99},[64,32323,103],{"class":95},[64,32325,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32327,10381],{"class":1422},[64,32329,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32331,1117],{"class":95},[64,32333,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32335,15984],{"class":1422},[64,32337,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32339,9280],{"class":95},[64,32341,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32343,3786],{"class":74},[64,32345,92],{"class":91},[64,32347,12872],{"class":74},[64,32349,137],{"class":95},[64,32351,5325],{"class":140},[64,32353,366],{"class":95},[64,32355,32356],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,32357,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,32359,32360,32362,32364,32366],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,32361,212],{"class":211},[64,32363,144],{"class":95},[64,32365,5325],{"class":140},[64,32367,150],{"class":95},[64,32369,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,32371,212],{"class":211},[64,32373,144],{"class":95},[64,32375,8064],{"class":1778},[64,32377,144],{"class":95},[64,32379,5325],{"class":140},[64,32381,1737],{"class":95},[14,32383,2035],{},[54,32385,32387],{"className":56,"code":32386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[61,32388,32389,32415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32390,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407,32409,32411,32413],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32392,16990],{"class":140},[64,32394,382],{"class":95},[64,32396,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32398,12846],{"class":1422},[64,32400,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32402,103],{"class":95},[64,32404,1437],{"class":99},[64,32406,103],{"class":95},[64,32408,3256],{"class":1418},[64,32410,15984],{"class":1422},[64,32412,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32414,393],{"class":95},[64,32416,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32418,184],{"class":95},[64,32420,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32422,12846],{"class":1422},[64,32424,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32426,103],{"class":95},[64,32428,1437],{"class":99},[64,32430,103],{"class":95},[64,32432,3256],{"class":1418},[64,32434,15984],{"class":1422},[64,32436,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32438,746],{"class":95},[14,32440,32441,32443],{},[61,32442,17024],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[49,32445,3639,32447,3642],{"id":32446},"what-values-does",[61,32448,17024],{},[21,32450,32451,32454,32457,32460],{},[24,32452,32453],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[24,32455,32456],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[24,32458,32459],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[24,32461,32462],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32464,32465,32466,137],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[543,32467,9363],{"href":9362},[49,32469,2120],{"id":2119},[54,32471,32473],{"className":56,"code":32472,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_dict.values()\n",[61,32474,32475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32476,32477,32479,32481,32483],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32478,11423],{"class":74},[64,32480,137],{"class":95},[64,32482,5325],{"class":140},[64,32484,366],{"class":95},[14,32486,13017],{},[21,32488,32489,32493,32496],{},[24,32490,32491,11439],{},[61,32492,17024],{},[24,32494,32495],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[24,32497,32498,32499],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[61,32500,17024],{},[14,32502,32503,32504,40,32509,137],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[543,32505,32506,32508],{"href":17015},[61,32507,17018],{}," for dictionary keys",[543,32510,32511,32513],{"href":17028},[61,32512,17031],{}," for key-value pairs",[49,32515,3639,32517,11679],{"id":32516},"what-values-returns",[61,32518,17024],{},[14,32520,32521,21928,32523,24718],{},[61,32522,17024],{},[61,32524,16990],{},[14,32526,32527,32528,32531],{},"This object is a ",[37,32529,32530],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32533,318],{},[54,32535,32537],{"className":56,"code":32536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[61,32538,32539,32575,32579,32594,32605,32609,32631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32540,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32542,13170],{"class":74},[64,32544,92],{"class":91},[64,32546,1415],{"class":95},[64,32548,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32550,7637],{"class":1422},[64,32552,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32554,1117],{"class":95},[64,32556,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32558,7891],{"class":1422},[64,32560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32562,103],{"class":95},[64,32564,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32566,9270],{"class":1422},[64,32568,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32570,1117],{"class":95},[64,32572,9277],{"class":99},[64,32574,9280],{"class":95},[64,32576,32577],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32578,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,32580,32581,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,32582,32583],{"class":74},"values_view ",[64,32585,92],{"class":91},[64,32587,13213],{"class":74},[64,32589,137],{"class":95},[64,32591,5325],{"class":140},[64,32593,366],{"class":95},[64,32595,32596,32598,32600,32603],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,32597,212],{"class":211},[64,32599,144],{"class":95},[64,32601,32602],{"class":140},"values_view",[64,32604,150],{"class":95},[64,32606,32607],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,32608,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,32610,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,32612,17260],{"class":74},[64,32614,184],{"class":95},[64,32616,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32618,10381],{"class":1422},[64,32620,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32622,977],{"class":95},[64,32624,13241],{"class":91},[64,32626,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32628,30598],{"class":1422},[64,32630,3321],{"class":1418},[64,32632,32633,32635,32637,32639],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,32634,212],{"class":211},[64,32636,144],{"class":95},[64,32638,32602],{"class":140},[64,32640,150],{"class":95},[14,32642,2035],{},[54,32644,32646],{"className":56,"code":32645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[61,32647,32648,32666],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32649,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32651,16990],{"class":140},[64,32653,382],{"class":95},[64,32655,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32657,7891],{"class":1422},[64,32659,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32661,103],{"class":95},[64,32663,9277],{"class":99},[64,32665,393],{"class":95},[64,32667,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32669,16990],{"class":140},[64,32671,382],{"class":95},[64,32673,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32675,7891],{"class":1422},[64,32677,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32679,103],{"class":95},[64,32681,9277],{"class":99},[64,32683,103],{"class":95},[64,32685,3256],{"class":1418},[64,32687,30598],{"class":1422},[64,32689,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32691,393],{"class":95},[14,32693,32694,32695,137],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[61,32696,32697],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[54,32699,32701],{"className":56,"code":32700,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[61,32702,32703,32739,32758,32762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32704,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32706,13170],{"class":74},[64,32708,92],{"class":91},[64,32710,1415],{"class":95},[64,32712,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32714,7637],{"class":1422},[64,32716,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32718,1117],{"class":95},[64,32720,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32722,7891],{"class":1422},[64,32724,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32726,103],{"class":95},[64,32728,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32730,9270],{"class":1422},[64,32732,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32734,1117],{"class":95},[64,32736,9277],{"class":99},[64,32738,9280],{"class":95},[64,32740,32741,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32742,32743],{"class":74},"values_list ",[64,32745,92],{"class":91},[64,32747,22513],{"class":1778},[64,32749,144],{"class":95},[64,32751,17260],{"class":140},[64,32753,137],{"class":95},[64,32755,5325],{"class":140},[64,32757,7162],{"class":95},[64,32759,32760],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,32761,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,32763,32764,32766,32768,32771],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,32765,212],{"class":211},[64,32767,144],{"class":95},[64,32769,32770],{"class":140},"values_list",[64,32772,150],{"class":95},[14,32774,2035],{},[54,32776,32778],{"className":56,"code":32777,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Mia', 25]\n",[61,32779,32780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32781,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32783,184],{"class":95},[64,32785,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32787,7891],{"class":1422},[64,32789,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32791,103],{"class":95},[64,32793,9277],{"class":99},[64,32795,746],{"class":95},[49,32797,11449],{"id":11448},[14,32799,32800],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[54,32802,32804],{"className":56,"code":32803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,32805,32806,32860,32864,32878,32882,32892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32807,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32841,32843,32845,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32809,24750],{"class":74},[64,32811,92],{"class":91},[64,32813,1415],{"class":95},[64,32815,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32817,24759],{"class":1422},[64,32819,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32821,1117],{"class":95},[64,32823,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32825,24768],{"class":1422},[64,32827,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32829,103],{"class":95},[64,32831,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32833,24777],{"class":1422},[64,32835,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32837,1117],{"class":95},[64,32839,32840],{"class":99}," 2022",[64,32842,103],{"class":95},[64,32844,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32846,32847],{"class":1422},"color",[64,32849,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32851,1117],{"class":95},[64,32853,3315],{"class":1418},[64,32855,13075],{"class":1422},[64,32857,1419],{"class":1418},[64,32859,9280],{"class":95},[64,32861,32862],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32863,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,32865,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,32867,2194],{"class":74},[64,32869,92],{"class":91},[64,32871,24799],{"class":74},[64,32873,137],{"class":95},[64,32875,5325],{"class":140},[64,32877,366],{"class":95},[64,32879,32880],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,32881,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,32883,32884,32886,32888,32890],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,32885,212],{"class":211},[64,32887,144],{"class":95},[64,32889,2229],{"class":140},[64,32891,150],{"class":95},[64,32893,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,32895,212],{"class":211},[64,32897,144],{"class":95},[64,32899,8064],{"class":1778},[64,32901,144],{"class":95},[64,32903,2229],{"class":140},[64,32905,1737],{"class":95},[14,32907,2035],{},[54,32909,32911],{"className":56,"code":32910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[61,32912,32913,32939],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,32914,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32916,16990],{"class":140},[64,32918,382],{"class":95},[64,32920,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32922,24768],{"class":1422},[64,32924,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32926,103],{"class":95},[64,32928,32840],{"class":99},[64,32930,103],{"class":95},[64,32932,3256],{"class":1418},[64,32934,13075],{"class":1422},[64,32936,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32938,393],{"class":95},[64,32940,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,32942,184],{"class":95},[64,32944,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32946,24768],{"class":1422},[64,32948,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32950,103],{"class":95},[64,32952,32840],{"class":99},[64,32954,103],{"class":95},[64,32956,3256],{"class":1418},[64,32958,13075],{"class":1422},[64,32960,3261],{"class":1418},[64,32962,746],{"class":95},[14,32964,11657],{},[21,32966,32967,32973,32979,32987],{},[24,32968,32969,32972],{},[61,32970,32971],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[24,32974,32975,32978],{},[61,32976,32977],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[24,32980,32981,32984,32985,24571],{},[61,32982,32983],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[61,32986,16990],{},[24,32988,32989,32992],{},[61,32990,32991],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[49,32994,32996],{"id":32995},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32998,32999,33000,26019],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[61,33001,5926],{},[54,33003,33005],{"className":56,"code":33004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[61,33006,33007,33051,33055,33071],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33008,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043,33045,33047,33049],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33010,5028],{"class":74},[64,33012,92],{"class":91},[64,33014,1415],{"class":95},[64,33016,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33018,18370],{"class":1422},[64,33020,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33022,1117],{"class":95},[64,33024,19852],{"class":99},[64,33026,103],{"class":95},[64,33028,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33030,31108],{"class":1422},[64,33032,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33034,1117],{"class":95},[64,33036,13472],{"class":99},[64,33038,103],{"class":95},[64,33040,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33042,18379],{"class":1422},[64,33044,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33046,1117],{"class":95},[64,33048,28874],{"class":99},[64,33050,9280],{"class":95},[64,33052,33053],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33054,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33056,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33058,5926],{"class":70},[64,33060,21537],{"class":74},[64,33062,3847],{"class":70},[64,33064,5075],{"class":74},[64,33066,137],{"class":95},[64,33068,5325],{"class":140},[64,33070,21548],{"class":95},[64,33072,33073,33075,33077,33079],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,33074,8039],{"class":211},[64,33076,144],{"class":95},[64,33078,2436],{"class":140},[64,33080,150],{"class":95},[14,33082,2035],{},[54,33084,33086],{"className":56,"code":33085,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"90\n85\n88\n",[61,33087,33088,33093,33098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33089,33090],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33091,33092],{"class":99},"90\n",[64,33094,33095],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33096,33097],{"class":99},"85\n",[64,33099,33100],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33101,33102],{"class":99},"88\n",[14,33104,17664],{},[21,33106,33107,33110,33113],{},[24,33108,33109],{},"You only need the values",[24,33111,33112],{},"You do not care about the keys",[24,33114,33115],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33117,33118,33119,2839,33123,137],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[543,33120,10709,33121,1248],{"href":17028},[61,33122,17031],{},[543,33124,22428],{"href":33125},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[49,33127,33129],{"id":33128},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33131,256,33132,33134],{},[61,33133,32697],{}," when you need a list.",[54,33136,33138],{"className":56,"code":33137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[61,33139,33140,33186,33190,33210,33214,33225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33141,33142,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33178,33180,33182,33184],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33143,33144],{"class":74},"fruit_prices ",[64,33146,92],{"class":91},[64,33148,1415],{"class":95},[64,33150,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33152,4043],{"class":1422},[64,33154,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33156,1117],{"class":95},[64,33158,106],{"class":99},[64,33160,103],{"class":95},[64,33162,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33164,4052],{"class":1422},[64,33166,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33168,1117],{"class":95},[64,33170,5465],{"class":99},[64,33172,103],{"class":95},[64,33174,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33176,33177],{"class":1422},"orange",[64,33179,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33181,1117],{"class":95},[64,33183,743],{"class":99},[64,33185,9280],{"class":95},[64,33187,33188],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33189,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33191,33192,33195,33197,33199,33201,33204,33206,33208],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33193,33194],{"class":74},"price_list ",[64,33196,92],{"class":91},[64,33198,22513],{"class":1778},[64,33200,144],{"class":95},[64,33202,33203],{"class":140},"fruit_prices",[64,33205,137],{"class":95},[64,33207,5325],{"class":140},[64,33209,7162],{"class":95},[64,33211,33212],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,33213,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33215,33216,33218,33220,33223],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,33217,212],{"class":211},[64,33219,144],{"class":95},[64,33221,33222],{"class":140},"price_list",[64,33224,150],{"class":95},[64,33226,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,33228,212],{"class":211},[64,33230,144],{"class":95},[64,33232,33222],{"class":140},[64,33234,184],{"class":95},[64,33236,187],{"class":99},[64,33238,393],{"class":95},[14,33240,2035],{},[54,33242,33244],{"className":56,"code":33243,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[61,33245,33246,33262],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33247,33248,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33249,184],{"class":95},[64,33251,2021],{"class":99},[64,33253,103],{"class":95},[64,33255,5465],{"class":99},[64,33257,103],{"class":95},[64,33259,743],{"class":99},[64,33261,746],{"class":95},[64,33263,33264],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33265,17009],{"class":99},[14,33267,33268],{},"This is helpful for:",[21,33270,33271,33274,33277],{},[24,33272,33273],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[24,33275,33276],{},"Accessing values by index",[24,33278,33279],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33281,3888,33282,33284],{},[61,33283,16990],{}," is not the same as a list.",[49,33286,33288,10557,33290,10557,33292],{"id":33287},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[61,33289,17024],{},[61,33291,17018],{},[61,33293,17031],{},[14,33295,33296],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[21,33298,33299,33304,33309],{},[24,33300,33301,33303],{},[61,33302,17024],{}," returns only the values",[24,33305,33306,33308],{},[61,33307,17018],{}," returns only the keys",[24,33310,33311,33313],{},[61,33312,17031],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33315,1151],{},[54,33317,33319],{"className":56,"code":33318,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[61,33320,33321,33357,33361,33375,33389],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33322,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33324,12829],{"class":74},[64,33326,92],{"class":91},[64,33328,1415],{"class":95},[64,33330,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33332,7637],{"class":1422},[64,33334,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33336,1117],{"class":95},[64,33338,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33340,12846],{"class":1422},[64,33342,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33344,103],{"class":95},[64,33346,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33348,9270],{"class":1422},[64,33350,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33352,1117],{"class":95},[64,33354,1437],{"class":99},[64,33356,9280],{"class":95},[64,33358,33359],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33360,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33362,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33364,212],{"class":211},[64,33366,144],{"class":95},[64,33368,13589],{"class":140},[64,33370,137],{"class":95},[64,33372,16876],{"class":140},[64,33374,7162],{"class":95},[64,33376,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,33378,212],{"class":211},[64,33380,144],{"class":95},[64,33382,13589],{"class":140},[64,33384,137],{"class":95},[64,33386,5325],{"class":140},[64,33388,7162],{"class":95},[64,33390,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,33392,212],{"class":211},[64,33394,144],{"class":95},[64,33396,13589],{"class":140},[64,33398,137],{"class":95},[64,33400,7779],{"class":140},[64,33402,7162],{"class":95},[14,33404,2035],{},[54,33406,33408],{"className":56,"code":33407,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[61,33409,33410,33432,33450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33411,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33413,16967],{"class":140},[64,33415,382],{"class":95},[64,33417,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33419,7637],{"class":1422},[64,33421,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33423,103],{"class":95},[64,33425,3256],{"class":1418},[64,33427,9270],{"class":1422},[64,33429,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33431,393],{"class":95},[64,33433,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33435,16990],{"class":140},[64,33437,382],{"class":95},[64,33439,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33441,12846],{"class":1422},[64,33443,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33445,103],{"class":95},[64,33447,1437],{"class":99},[64,33449,393],{"class":95},[64,33451,33452,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33453,21861],{"class":140},[64,33455,9629],{"class":95},[64,33457,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33459,7637],{"class":1422},[64,33461,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33463,103],{"class":95},[64,33465,1437],{"class":99},[64,33467,10651],{"class":95},[14,33469,18648],{},[21,33471,33472,33479,33486],{},[24,33473,33474,33478],{},[543,33475,33476],{"href":17015},[61,33477,17018],{}," when you need just the keys",[24,33480,33481,33485],{},[543,33482,33483],{"href":17021},[61,33484,17024],{}," when you need just the values",[24,33487,33488,33492],{},[543,33489,33490],{"href":17028},[61,33491,17031],{}," when you need both",[49,33494,4483],{"id":4482},[14,33496,33497,33498,137],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[61,33499,17024],{},[816,33501,29604,33503,33505],{"id":33502},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[61,33504,17024],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33507,33508,33510],{},[61,33509,17024],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33512,16596],{},[54,33514,33516],{"className":56,"code":33515,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[61,33517,33518,33538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33519,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33521,8278],{"class":74},[64,33523,92],{"class":91},[64,33525,112],{"class":95},[64,33527,100],{"class":99},[64,33529,103],{"class":95},[64,33531,106],{"class":99},[64,33533,103],{"class":95},[64,33535,743],{"class":99},[64,33537,746],{"class":95},[64,33539,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33541,212],{"class":211},[64,33543,144],{"class":95},[64,33545,8309],{"class":140},[64,33547,137],{"class":95},[64,33549,5325],{"class":140},[64,33551,7162],{"class":95},[14,33553,33554,33555,33557],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[61,33556,17024],{}," method.",[14,33559,33560],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[54,33562,33564],{"className":56,"code":33563,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_list))\n",[61,33565,33566],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33567,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33569,212],{"class":211},[64,33571,144],{"class":95},[64,33573,1779],{"class":1778},[64,33575,144],{"class":95},[64,33577,8309],{"class":140},[64,33579,1737],{"class":95},[14,33581,33582,33583,33585,33586,137],{},"If you get an ",[61,33584,25626],{},", see ",[543,33587,25634,33588,33590],{"href":25633},[61,33589,25637],{}," errors",[816,33592,4544,33594,33596],{"id":33593},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[61,33595,17024],{}," returns a list",[14,33598,33599],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[54,33601,33603],{"className":56,"code":33602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[61,33604,33605,33641,33655,33659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33606,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33608,12829],{"class":74},[64,33610,92],{"class":91},[64,33612,1415],{"class":95},[64,33614,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33616,7637],{"class":1422},[64,33618,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33620,1117],{"class":95},[64,33622,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33624,12846],{"class":1422},[64,33626,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33628,103],{"class":95},[64,33630,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33632,9270],{"class":1422},[64,33634,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33636,1117],{"class":95},[64,33638,1437],{"class":99},[64,33640,9280],{"class":95},[64,33642,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33644,3786],{"class":74},[64,33646,92],{"class":91},[64,33648,12872],{"class":74},[64,33650,137],{"class":95},[64,33652,5325],{"class":140},[64,33654,366],{"class":95},[64,33656,33657],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33658,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33660,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,33662,212],{"class":211},[64,33664,144],{"class":95},[64,33666,1779],{"class":1778},[64,33668,144],{"class":95},[64,33670,5325],{"class":140},[64,33672,1737],{"class":95},[14,33674,2035],{},[54,33676,33678],{"className":56,"code":33677,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[61,33679,33680],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33681,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33683,3250],{"class":91},[64,33685,3253],{"class":2029},[64,33687,3256],{"class":1418},[64,33689,16990],{"class":1422},[64,33691,3261],{"class":1418},[64,33693,3264],{"class":91},[14,33695,5113,33696,33698],{},[61,33697,16990],{},", not a list.",[14,33700,33701],{},"If you need a list:",[54,33703,33705],{"className":56,"code":33704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list(student.values())\n",[61,33706,33707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33708,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33710,3786],{"class":74},[64,33712,92],{"class":91},[64,33714,22513],{"class":1778},[64,33716,144],{"class":95},[64,33718,13589],{"class":140},[64,33720,137],{"class":95},[64,33722,5325],{"class":140},[64,33724,7162],{"class":95},[816,33726,33728,33729],{"id":33727},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[61,33730,16990],{},[14,33732,33733],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[54,33735,33737],{"className":56,"code":33736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[61,33738,33739,33775,33789,33793],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33740,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33742,12829],{"class":74},[64,33744,92],{"class":91},[64,33746,1415],{"class":95},[64,33748,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33750,7637],{"class":1422},[64,33752,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33754,1117],{"class":95},[64,33756,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33758,12846],{"class":1422},[64,33760,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33762,103],{"class":95},[64,33764,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33766,9270],{"class":1422},[64,33768,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33770,1117],{"class":95},[64,33772,1437],{"class":99},[64,33774,9280],{"class":95},[64,33776,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33778,3786],{"class":74},[64,33780,92],{"class":91},[64,33782,12872],{"class":74},[64,33784,137],{"class":95},[64,33786,5325],{"class":140},[64,33788,366],{"class":95},[64,33790,33791],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33792,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33794,33795],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,33796,33797],{"class":222},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33799,33800],{},"Convert to a list first:",[54,33802,33804],{"className":56,"code":33803,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[61,33805,33806,33842,33860,33864],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33807,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838,33840],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33809,12829],{"class":74},[64,33811,92],{"class":91},[64,33813,1415],{"class":95},[64,33815,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33817,7637],{"class":1422},[64,33819,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33821,1117],{"class":95},[64,33823,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33825,12846],{"class":1422},[64,33827,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33829,103],{"class":95},[64,33831,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33833,9270],{"class":1422},[64,33835,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33837,1117],{"class":95},[64,33839,1437],{"class":99},[64,33841,9280],{"class":95},[64,33843,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33845,3786],{"class":74},[64,33847,92],{"class":91},[64,33849,22513],{"class":1778},[64,33851,144],{"class":95},[64,33853,13589],{"class":140},[64,33855,137],{"class":95},[64,33857,5325],{"class":140},[64,33859,7162],{"class":95},[64,33861,33862],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33863,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33865,33866,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,33867,212],{"class":211},[64,33869,144],{"class":95},[64,33871,5325],{"class":140},[64,33873,184],{"class":95},[64,33875,187],{"class":99},[64,33877,393],{"class":95},[816,33879,1654,33881,11064,33883],{"id":33880},"using-values-instead-of-values",[61,33882,5325],{},[61,33884,17024],{},[14,33886,33887],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[54,33889,33891],{"className":56,"code":33890,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[61,33892,33893,33929,33933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33894,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33896,12829],{"class":74},[64,33898,92],{"class":91},[64,33900,1415],{"class":95},[64,33902,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33904,7637],{"class":1422},[64,33906,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33908,1117],{"class":95},[64,33910,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33912,12846],{"class":1422},[64,33914,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33916,103],{"class":95},[64,33918,3315],{"class":1418},[64,33920,9270],{"class":1422},[64,33922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33924,1117],{"class":95},[64,33926,1437],{"class":99},[64,33928,9280],{"class":95},[64,33930,33931],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,33932,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,33934,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,33936,212],{"class":211},[64,33938,144],{"class":95},[64,33940,13589],{"class":140},[64,33942,137],{"class":95},[64,33944,5325],{"class":24704},[64,33946,150],{"class":95},[14,33948,33949,33952],{},[61,33950,33951],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33954,18648],{},[54,33956,33958],{"className":56,"code":33957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(student.values())\n",[61,33959,33960],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33961,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33963,212],{"class":211},[64,33965,144],{"class":95},[64,33967,13589],{"class":140},[64,33969,137],{"class":95},[64,33971,5325],{"class":140},[64,33973,7162],{"class":95},[816,33975,33977],{"id":33976},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33979,33980],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[54,33982,33984],{"className":56,"code":33983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[61,33985,33986,34018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,33987,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33989,9137],{"class":74},[64,33991,92],{"class":91},[64,33993,1415],{"class":95},[64,33995,1419],{"class":1418},[64,33997,543],{"class":1422},[64,33999,1419],{"class":1418},[64,34001,1117],{"class":95},[64,34003,5465],{"class":99},[64,34005,103],{"class":95},[64,34007,3315],{"class":1418},[64,34009,1235],{"class":1422},[64,34011,1419],{"class":1418},[64,34013,1117],{"class":95},[64,34015,106],{"class":99},[64,34017,9280],{"class":95},[64,34019,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34021,212],{"class":211},[64,34023,144],{"class":95},[64,34025,9176],{"class":140},[64,34027,137],{"class":95},[64,34029,5325],{"class":140},[64,34031,7162],{"class":95},[14,34033,34034],{},"Not like this:",[54,34036,34038],{"className":56,"code":34037,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[61,34039,34040,34045,34050],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34041,34042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34043,34044],{"class":222},"# Wrong examples:\n",[64,34046,34047],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34048,34049],{"class":222},"# data().values()\n",[64,34051,34052],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,34053,34054],{"class":222},"# values(data)\n",[14,34056,3301],{},[54,34058,34060],{"className":56,"code":34059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[61,34061,34062,34076,34086,34100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34063,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072,34074],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34065,212],{"class":211},[64,34067,144],{"class":95},[64,34069,1779],{"class":1778},[64,34071,144],{"class":95},[64,34073,11423],{"class":140},[64,34075,1737],{"class":95},[64,34077,34078,34080,34082,34084],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34079,212],{"class":211},[64,34081,144],{"class":95},[64,34083,11423],{"class":140},[64,34085,150],{"class":95},[64,34087,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096,34098],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,34089,212],{"class":211},[64,34091,144],{"class":95},[64,34093,11423],{"class":140},[64,34095,137],{"class":95},[64,34097,5325],{"class":140},[64,34099,7162],{"class":95},[64,34101,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114,34116],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,34103,212],{"class":211},[64,34105,144],{"class":95},[64,34107,8064],{"class":1778},[64,34109,144],{"class":95},[64,34111,11423],{"class":140},[64,34113,137],{"class":95},[64,34115,5325],{"class":140},[64,34117,6259],{"class":95},[49,34119,1826],{"id":1825},[816,34121,5107,34123,5110],{"id":34122},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[61,34124,32276],{},[14,34126,17375,34127,34129],{},[61,34128,16990],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[816,34131,12670,34133,23885],{"id":34132},"does-values-return-a-list",[61,34134,17024],{},[14,34136,23888,34137,23892],{},[61,34138,34139],{},"list(...)",[816,34141,26011,34143,2456],{"id":34142},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[61,34144,32276],{},[14,34146,34147,34148,26019],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[61,34149,5926],{},[816,34151,12670,34153,34155],{"id":34152},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[61,34154,32276],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34157,34158],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[816,34160,34162,34163,34165,34166,2456],{"id":34161},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[61,34164,17024],{}," different from ",[61,34167,17031],{},[14,34169,34170,34172,34173,34175],{},[61,34171,17024],{}," returns only values. ",[61,34174,17031],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[49,34177,1865],{"id":1864},[21,34179,34180,34186,34192,34196,34202,34206],{},[24,34181,34182],{},[543,34183,10709,34184,1248],{"href":17015},[61,34185,17018],{},[24,34187,34188],{},[543,34189,10709,34190,1248],{"href":17028},[61,34191,17031],{},[24,34193,34194],{},[543,34195,11215],{"href":9362},[24,34197,34198],{},[543,34199,34201],{"href":34200},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[24,34203,34204],{},[543,34205,23970],{"href":33125},[24,34207,34208],{},[543,34209,30302,34210],{"href":25633},[61,34211,34212],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1898,34214,34215],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":34217},[34218,34219,34221,34222,34224,34225,34226,34227,34229,34240,34252],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":32446,"depth":78,"text":34220},"What values() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":32516,"depth":78,"text":34223},"What values() returns",{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":32995,"depth":78,"text":32996},{"id":33128,"depth":78,"text":33129},{"id":33287,"depth":78,"text":34228},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":34230},[34231,34233,34235,34237,34239],{"id":33502,"depth":85,"text":34232},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33593,"depth":85,"text":34234},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33727,"depth":85,"text":34236},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33880,"depth":85,"text":34238},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33976,"depth":85,"text":33977},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":34241},[34242,34244,34246,34248,34250],{"id":34122,"depth":85,"text":34243},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34132,"depth":85,"text":34245},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34142,"depth":85,"text":34247},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34152,"depth":85,"text":34249},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34161,"depth":85,"text":34251},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32263,"description":34253},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34259,"title":34260,"body":34261,"description":35690,"extension":1927,"meta":35691,"navigation":81,"path":35692,"seo":35693,"stem":35694,"__hash__":35695},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34262,"toc":35642},[34263,34269,34274,34277,34293,34302,34304,34336,34342,34345,34440,34443,34448,34453,34456,34467,34469,34483,34489,34491,34496,34502,34505,34544,34552,34557,34560,34605,34608,34620,34626,34632,34636,34669,34672,34690,34693,34697,34736,34738,34758,34761,34773,34778,34784,34787,34842,34845,34856,34859,34870,34873,34877,34883,34885,34915,34918,34933,34936,34939,34958,34961,34977,34986,34988,35019,35025,35030,35033,35039,35069,35072,35094,35097,35100,35114,35118,35149,35164,35171,35178,35182,35190,35194,35202,35205,35254,35265,35267,35270,35276,35281,35291,35295,35298,35301,35305,35308,35310,35331,35335,35341,35352,35358,35360,35366,35390,35393,35456,35459,35487,35490,35552,35554,35559,35562,35569,35577,35584,35587,35595,35601,35603,35630,35639],[10,34264,1877,34266,3542],{"id":34265},"python-dir-function-explained",[61,34267,34268],{},"dir()",[14,34270,32273,34271,34273],{},[61,34272,34268],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34275,34276],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[21,34278,34279,34282,34285,34290],{},[24,34280,34281],{},"learning Python",[24,34283,34284],{},"exploring a new object",[24,34286,34287,34288],{},"debugging an ",[61,34289,25626],{},[24,34291,34292],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34294,34295,34296,34298,34299],{},"In short, ",[61,34297,34268],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[37,34300,34301],{},"“What can I use here?”",[49,34303,52],{"id":51},[54,34305,34307],{"className":56,"code":34306,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[61,34308,34309,34321],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34310,34311,34313,34315,34317,34319],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34312,7846],{"class":74},[64,34314,92],{"class":91},[64,34316,3315],{"class":1418},[64,34318,3809],{"class":1422},[64,34320,3321],{"class":1418},[64,34322,34323,34325,34327,34330,34332,34334],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34324,212],{"class":211},[64,34326,144],{"class":95},[64,34328,34329],{"class":211},"dir",[64,34331,144],{"class":95},[64,34333,7637],{"class":140},[64,34335,1737],{"class":95},[14,34337,256,34338,34341],{},[61,34339,34340],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34343,34344],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[54,34346,34348],{"className":56,"code":34347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[61,34349,34350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34351,34352,34354,34356,34359,34361,34363,34365,34368,34370,34372,34374,34377,34379,34381,34383,34386,34388,34390,34392,34395,34397,34399,34401,34404,34406,34408,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424,34427,34429,34431,34433,34436,34438],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34353,184],{"class":95},[64,34355,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34357,34358],{"class":1422},"__add__",[64,34360,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34362,103],{"class":95},[64,34364,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34366,34367],{"class":1422},"__class__",[64,34369,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34371,103],{"class":95},[64,34373,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34375,34376],{"class":1422},"__contains__",[64,34378,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34380,103],{"class":95},[64,34382,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34384,34385],{"class":1422},"__delattr__",[64,34387,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34389,103],{"class":95},[64,34391,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34393,34394],{"class":1422},"__dir__",[64,34396,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34398,103],{"class":95},[64,34400,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34402,34403],{"class":1422},"__doc__",[64,34405,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34407,103],{"class":95},[64,34409,34411],{"class":34410},"s_hVV"," ...",[64,34413,103],{"class":95},[64,34415,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34417,8611],{"class":1422},[64,34419,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34421,103],{"class":95},[64,34423,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34425,34426],{"class":1422},"split",[64,34428,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34430,103],{"class":95},[64,34432,3256],{"class":1418},[64,34434,34435],{"class":1422},"upper",[64,34437,3261],{"class":1418},[64,34439,746],{"class":95},[14,34441,34442],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[49,34444,3639,34446,3642],{"id":34445},"what-dir-does",[61,34447,34268],{},[14,34449,34450,34452],{},[61,34451,34268],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34454,34455],{},"It usually includes:",[21,34457,34458,34461,34464],{},[24,34459,34460],{},"attributes",[24,34462,34463],{},"methods",[24,34465,34466],{},"special Python names",[14,34468,11432],{},[21,34470,34471,34477,34480],{},[24,34472,34473,34474],{},"The result is a ",[37,34475,34476],{},"list of strings",[24,34478,34479],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[24,34481,34482],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34484,34485,34486,34488],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[61,34487,34268],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[49,34490,2120],{"id":2119},[14,34492,34493,34495],{},[61,34494,34268],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[816,34497,34499,34501],{"id":34498},"dir-with-no-argument",[61,34500,34268],{}," with no argument",[14,34503,34504],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[54,34506,34508],{"className":56,"code":34507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[61,34509,34510,34518,34530,34534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34511,34512,34514,34516],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34513,2984],{"class":74},[64,34515,92],{"class":91},[64,34517,1583],{"class":99},[64,34519,34520,34522,34524,34526,34528],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34521,7846],{"class":74},[64,34523,92],{"class":91},[64,34525,3315],{"class":1418},[64,34527,7646],{"class":1422},[64,34529,3321],{"class":1418},[64,34531,34532],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,34533,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,34535,34536,34538,34540,34542],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,34537,212],{"class":211},[64,34539,144],{"class":95},[64,34541,34329],{"class":211},[64,34543,7162],{"class":95},[14,34545,34546,34547,40,34549,34551],{},"This will show names such as ",[61,34548,2137],{},[61,34550,7637],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[816,34553,34555],{"id":34554},"dirobject",[61,34556,34340],{},[14,34558,34559],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[54,34561,34563],{"className":56,"code":34562,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[61,34564,34565,34583],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34566,34567,34569,34571,34573,34575,34577,34579,34581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34568,212],{"class":211},[64,34570,144],{"class":95},[64,34572,34329],{"class":211},[64,34574,144],{"class":95},[64,34576,1419],{"class":1418},[64,34578,3809],{"class":1422},[64,34580,1419],{"class":1418},[64,34582,1737],{"class":95},[64,34584,34585,34587,34589,34591,34593,34595,34597,34599,34601,34603],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34586,212],{"class":211},[64,34588,144],{"class":95},[64,34590,34329],{"class":211},[64,34592,382],{"class":95},[64,34594,100],{"class":99},[64,34596,103],{"class":95},[64,34598,106],{"class":99},[64,34600,103],{"class":95},[64,34602,743],{"class":99},[64,34604,1769],{"class":95},[14,34606,34607],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[21,34609,34610,34612,34614,34617],{},[24,34611,5275],{},[24,34613,5266],{},[24,34615,34616],{},"modules",[24,34618,34619],{},"custom objects",[49,34621,1654,34623,34625],{"id":34622},"using-dir-with-a-value",[61,34624,34268],{}," with a value",[14,34627,34628,34629,34631],{},"A common use of ",[61,34630,34268],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[816,34633,34635],{"id":34634},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[54,34637,34639],{"className":56,"code":34638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[61,34640,34641,34654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34642,34643,34646,34648,34650,34652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34644,34645],{"class":74},"text ",[64,34647,92],{"class":91},[64,34649,3315],{"class":1418},[64,34651,3809],{"class":1422},[64,34653,3321],{"class":1418},[64,34655,34656,34658,34660,34662,34664,34667],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34657,212],{"class":211},[64,34659,144],{"class":95},[64,34661,34329],{"class":211},[64,34663,144],{"class":95},[64,34665,34666],{"class":140},"text",[64,34668,1737],{"class":95},[14,34670,34671],{},"You will see method names like:",[21,34673,34674,34678,34682,34686],{},[24,34675,34676],{},[61,34677,8611],{},[24,34679,34680],{},[61,34681,34435],{},[24,34683,34684],{},[61,34685,34426],{},[24,34687,34688],{},[61,34689,8605],{},[14,34691,34692],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[816,34694,34696],{"id":34695},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[54,34698,34700],{"className":56,"code":34699,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[61,34701,34702,34722],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34703,34704,34706,34708,34710,34712,34714,34716,34718,34720],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34705,1161],{"class":74},[64,34707,92],{"class":91},[64,34709,112],{"class":95},[64,34711,100],{"class":99},[64,34713,103],{"class":95},[64,34715,106],{"class":99},[64,34717,103],{"class":95},[64,34719,743],{"class":99},[64,34721,746],{"class":95},[64,34723,34724,34726,34728,34730,34732,34734],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34725,212],{"class":211},[64,34727,144],{"class":95},[64,34729,34329],{"class":211},[64,34731,144],{"class":95},[64,34733,3611],{"class":140},[64,34735,1737],{"class":95},[14,34737,34671],{},[21,34739,34740,34744,34748,34753],{},[24,34741,34742],{},[61,34743,193],{},[24,34745,34746],{},[61,34747,26196],{},[24,34749,34750],{},[61,34751,34752],{},"remove",[24,34754,34755],{},[61,34756,34757],{},"sort",[14,34759,34760],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34762,34763,34764,34769,34770,34772],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[543,34765,34767],{"href":34766},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[61,34768,1821],{}," can help first. Then ",[61,34771,34268],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[49,34774,1654,34776,34501],{"id":34775},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[61,34777,34268],{},[14,34779,34780,34781,34783],{},"When used with no argument, ",[61,34782,34268],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34785,34786],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[54,34788,34790],{"className":56,"code":34789,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[61,34791,34792,34801,34805,34816,34828,34832],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34793,34794,34796,34798],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34795,2984],{"class":74},[64,34797,92],{"class":91},[64,34799,34800],{"class":99}," 5\n",[64,34802,34803],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34804,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,34806,34807,34810,34814],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,34808,34809],{"class":2029},"def",[64,34811,34813],{"class":34812},"sGLFI"," greet",[64,34815,21548],{"class":95},[64,34817,34818,34821,34823,34826],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,34819,34820],{"class":70},"    return",[64,34822,3315],{"class":1418},[64,34824,34825],{"class":1422},"Hello",[64,34827,3321],{"class":1418},[64,34829,34830],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,34831,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,34833,34834,34836,34838,34840],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,34835,212],{"class":211},[64,34837,144],{"class":95},[64,34839,34329],{"class":211},[64,34841,7162],{"class":95},[14,34843,34844],{},"The output will include names like:",[21,34846,34847,34851],{},[24,34848,34849],{},[61,34850,2137],{},[24,34852,34853],{},[61,34854,34855],{},"greet",[14,34857,34858],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[21,34860,34861,34864,34867],{},[24,34862,34863],{},"what variables exist",[24,34865,34866],{},"what functions you have defined",[24,34868,34869],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34871,34872],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[49,34874,34876],{"id":34875},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34878,34879,34880,34882],{},"When you first use ",[61,34881,34268],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34884,318],{},[54,34886,34887],{"className":56,"code":34638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,34888,34889,34901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34890,34891,34893,34895,34897,34899],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34892,34645],{"class":74},[64,34894,92],{"class":91},[64,34896,3315],{"class":1418},[64,34898,3809],{"class":1422},[64,34900,3321],{"class":1418},[64,34902,34903,34905,34907,34909,34911,34913],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,34904,212],{"class":211},[64,34906,144],{"class":95},[64,34908,34329],{"class":211},[64,34910,144],{"class":95},[64,34912,34666],{"class":140},[64,34914,1737],{"class":95},[14,34916,34917],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[21,34919,34920,34924,34928],{},[24,34921,34922],{},[61,34923,34367],{},[24,34925,34926],{},[61,34927,34403],{},[24,34929,34930],{},[61,34931,34932],{},"__len__",[14,34934,34935],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34937,34938],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[21,34940,34941,34945,34949,34953],{},[24,34942,34943],{},[61,34944,34435],{},[24,34946,34947],{},[61,34948,8611],{},[24,34950,34951],{},[61,34952,34426],{},[24,34954,34955],{},[61,34956,34957],{},"replace",[14,34959,34960],{},"A key point to remember:",[21,34962,34963,34971],{},[24,34964,34965,34967,34968],{},[61,34966,34268],{}," lists ",[37,34969,34970],{},"names only",[24,34972,34973,34974,34976],{},"it does ",[37,34975,300],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34978,34979,34980,137],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[543,34981,34983],{"href":34982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[61,34984,34985],{},"help()",[14,34987,5439],{},[54,34989,34991],{"className":56,"code":34990,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[61,34992,34993,35005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,34994,34995,34997,34999,35001,35003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34996,7846],{"class":74},[64,34998,92],{"class":91},[64,35000,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35002,3809],{"class":1422},[64,35004,3321],{"class":1418},[64,35006,35007,35009,35011,35013,35015,35017],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35008,32108],{"class":211},[64,35010,144],{"class":95},[64,35012,7637],{"class":140},[64,35014,137],{"class":95},[64,35016,34435],{"class":24704},[64,35018,150],{"class":95},[49,35020,35022,35024],{"id":35021},"dir-on-modules",[61,35023,34268],{}," on modules",[14,35026,15667,35027,35029],{},[61,35028,34268],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35031,35032],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[816,35034,35036,35037,1148],{"id":35035},"example-math-module","Example: ",[61,35038,18370],{},[54,35040,35042],{"className":56,"code":35041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[61,35043,35044,35051,35055],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35045,35046,35048],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35047,71],{"class":70},[64,35049,35050],{"class":74}," math\n",[64,35052,35053],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35054,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,35056,35057,35059,35061,35063,35065,35067],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35058,212],{"class":211},[64,35060,144],{"class":95},[64,35062,34329],{"class":211},[64,35064,144],{"class":95},[64,35066,18370],{"class":140},[64,35068,1737],{"class":95},[14,35070,35071],{},"You may see names like:",[21,35073,35074,35079,35084,35089],{},[24,35075,35076],{},[61,35077,35078],{},"sqrt",[24,35080,35081],{},[61,35082,35083],{},"ceil",[24,35085,35086],{},[61,35087,35088],{},"floor",[24,35090,35091],{},[61,35092,35093],{},"pi",[14,35095,35096],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35098,35099],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[21,35101,35102,35108],{},[24,35103,35104],{},[543,35105,35107],{"href":35106},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[24,35109,35110],{},[543,35111,35113],{"href":35112},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[816,35115,35117],{"id":35116},"another-example","Another example",[54,35119,35121],{"className":56,"code":35120,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[61,35122,35123,35130,35134],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35124,35125,35127],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35126,71],{"class":70},[64,35128,35129],{"class":74}," json\n",[64,35131,35132],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35133,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,35135,35136,35138,35140,35142,35144,35147],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35137,212],{"class":211},[64,35139,144],{"class":95},[64,35141,34329],{"class":211},[64,35143,144],{"class":95},[64,35145,35146],{"class":140},"json",[64,35148,1737],{"class":95},[14,35150,35151,35152,2153,35155,2153,35158,17025,35161,137],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[61,35153,35154],{},"dump",[61,35156,35157],{},"dumps",[61,35159,35160],{},"load",[61,35162,35163],{},"loads",[49,35165,35167,10557,35169],{"id":35166},"dir-vs-help",[61,35168,34268],{},[61,35170,34985],{},[14,35172,35173,40,35175,35177],{},[61,35174,34268],{},[61,35176,34985],{}," are often used together.",[816,35179,35180],{"id":34329},[61,35181,34268],{},[21,35183,35184,35187],{},[24,35185,35186],{},"shows available names",[24,35188,35189],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[816,35191,35192],{"id":32108},[61,35193,34985],{},[21,35195,35196,35199],{},[24,35197,35198],{},"explains what an object or function does",[24,35200,35201],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35203,35204],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[54,35206,35208],{"className":56,"code":35207,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[61,35209,35210,35222,35226,35240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35211,35212,35214,35216,35218,35220],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35213,7846],{"class":74},[64,35215,92],{"class":91},[64,35217,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35219,3809],{"class":1422},[64,35221,3321],{"class":1418},[64,35223,35224],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35225,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,35227,35228,35230,35232,35234,35236,35238],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35229,212],{"class":211},[64,35231,144],{"class":95},[64,35233,34329],{"class":211},[64,35235,144],{"class":95},[64,35237,7637],{"class":140},[64,35239,1737],{"class":95},[64,35241,35242,35244,35246,35248,35250,35252],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,35243,32108],{"class":211},[64,35245,144],{"class":95},[64,35247,7637],{"class":140},[64,35249,137],{"class":95},[64,35251,34435],{"class":24704},[64,35253,150],{"class":95},[14,35255,256,35256,35258,35259,35261,35262,35264],{},[61,35257,34268],{}," first to find a method name.",[9818,35260],{},"\nThen use ",[61,35263,34985],{}," to understand how to use it.",[49,35266,25312],{"id":25311},[14,35268,35269],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[816,35271,35273,35275],{"id":35272},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[61,35274,34268],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35277,35278,35280],{},[61,35279,34268],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35282,35283,35284,35286,35287,35290],{},"For example, seeing ",[61,35285,34435],{}," in ",[61,35288,35289],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[816,35292,35294],{"id":35293},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35296,35297],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35299,35300],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[816,35302,35304],{"id":35303},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35306,35307],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35309,5439],{},[21,35311,35312,35317,35323],{},[24,35313,35314,35316],{},[61,35315,35289],{}," shows string-related names",[24,35318,35319,35322],{},[61,35320,35321],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[24,35324,35325,35328,35329,1148],{},[61,35326,35327],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[61,35330,18370],{},[816,35332,35334],{"id":35333},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35336,35337,35338,35340],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[61,35339,34268],{}," does not mean you already know:",[21,35342,35343,35346,35349],{},[24,35344,35345],{},"what it does",[24,35347,35348],{},"what arguments it needs",[24,35350,35351],{},"what it returns",[14,35353,35354,35355,35357],{},"That is why ",[61,35356,34985],{}," is the natural next step.",[49,35359,1646],{"id":1645},[14,35361,35362,35363,35365],{},"Beginners often use ",[61,35364,34268],{}," in these situations:",[21,35367,35368,35371,35380,35383],{},[24,35369,35370],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[24,35372,35373,35374,35379],{},"Seeing an ",[543,35375,35377],{"href":35376},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[61,35378,25626],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[24,35381,35382],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[24,35384,1654,35385,35387,35388],{},[61,35386,34268],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[61,35389,34985],{},[14,35391,35392],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[54,35394,35396],{"className":56,"code":35395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[61,35397,35398,35410,35414,35428,35442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35399,35400,35402,35404,35406,35408],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35401,7846],{"class":74},[64,35403,92],{"class":91},[64,35405,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35407,3809],{"class":1422},[64,35409,3321],{"class":1418},[64,35411,35412],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35413,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,35415,35416,35418,35420,35422,35424,35426],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35417,212],{"class":211},[64,35419,144],{"class":95},[64,35421,1779],{"class":1778},[64,35423,144],{"class":95},[64,35425,7637],{"class":140},[64,35427,1737],{"class":95},[64,35429,35430,35432,35434,35436,35438,35440],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,35431,212],{"class":211},[64,35433,144],{"class":95},[64,35435,34329],{"class":211},[64,35437,144],{"class":95},[64,35439,7637],{"class":140},[64,35441,1737],{"class":95},[64,35443,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452,35454],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,35445,32108],{"class":211},[64,35447,144],{"class":95},[64,35449,7637],{"class":140},[64,35451,137],{"class":95},[64,35453,34435],{"class":24704},[64,35455,150],{"class":95},[14,35457,35458],{},"And for modules:",[54,35460,35461],{"className":56,"code":35041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,35462,35463,35469,35473],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35464,35465,35467],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35466,71],{"class":70},[64,35468,35050],{"class":74},[64,35470,35471],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35472,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,35474,35475,35477,35479,35481,35483,35485],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35476,212],{"class":211},[64,35478,144],{"class":95},[64,35480,34329],{"class":211},[64,35482,144],{"class":95},[64,35484,18370],{"class":140},[64,35486,1737],{"class":95},[14,35488,35489],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[54,35491,35493],{"className":56,"code":35492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[61,35494,35495,35500,35512,35522,35536,35542],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35496,35497],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35498,35499],{"class":74},"python\n",[64,35501,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35503,7846],{"class":74},[64,35505,92],{"class":91},[64,35507,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35509,3809],{"class":1422},[64,35511,3321],{"class":1418},[64,35513,35514,35516,35518,35520],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35515,34329],{"class":211},[64,35517,144],{"class":95},[64,35519,7637],{"class":140},[64,35521,150],{"class":95},[64,35523,35524,35526,35528,35530,35532,35534],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,35525,32108],{"class":211},[64,35527,144],{"class":95},[64,35529,7637],{"class":140},[64,35531,137],{"class":95},[64,35533,34435],{"class":24704},[64,35535,150],{"class":95},[64,35537,35538,35540],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,35539,71],{"class":70},[64,35541,35050],{"class":74},[64,35543,35544,35546,35548,35550],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,35545,34329],{"class":211},[64,35547,144],{"class":95},[64,35549,18370],{"class":140},[64,35551,150],{"class":95},[49,35553,1826],{"id":1825},[816,35555,5107,35557,5110],{"id":35556},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[61,35558,34268],{},[14,35560,35561],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[816,35563,5145,35565,40,35567,2456],{"id":35564},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[61,35566,34268],{},[61,35568,34985],{},[14,35570,35571,35573,35574,35576],{},[61,35572,34268],{}," lists available names. ",[61,35575,34985],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[816,35578,35580,35581,35583],{"id":35579},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[61,35582,34268],{}," output?",[14,35585,35586],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[816,35588,5135,35590,35592,35593,2456],{"id":35589},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[61,35591,34268],{}," help fix ",[61,35594,25626],{},[14,35596,35597,35598,137],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[543,35599,35600],{"href":35376},"object has no attribute",[49,35602,1865],{"id":1864},[21,35604,35605,35611,35616,35620,35624],{},[24,35606,35607],{},[543,35608,1877,35609,3472],{"href":34982},[61,35610,34985],{},[24,35612,35613],{},[543,35614,35615],{"href":35376},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[24,35617,35618],{},[543,35619,35107],{"href":35106},[24,35621,35622],{},[543,35623,35113],{"href":35112},[24,35625,35626],{},[543,35627,1877,35628,3472],{"href":34766},[61,35629,1821],{},[14,35631,35632,35633,35635,35636,35638],{},"A good habit is to use ",[61,35634,34268],{}," together with ",[61,35637,34985],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1898,35640,35641],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":35643},[35644,35645,35647,35652,35657,35659,35660,35666,35671,35678,35679,35689],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":34445,"depth":78,"text":35646},"What dir() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":35648},[35649,35651],{"id":34498,"depth":85,"text":35650},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34554,"depth":85,"text":34340},{"id":34622,"depth":78,"text":35653,"children":35654},"Using dir() with a value",[35655,35656],{"id":34634,"depth":85,"text":34635},{"id":34695,"depth":85,"text":34696},{"id":34775,"depth":78,"text":35658},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34875,"depth":78,"text":34876},{"id":35021,"depth":78,"text":35661,"children":35662},"dir() on modules",[35663,35665],{"id":35035,"depth":85,"text":35664},"Example: math module",{"id":35116,"depth":85,"text":35117},{"id":35166,"depth":78,"text":35667,"children":35668},"dir() vs help()",[35669,35670],{"id":34329,"depth":85,"text":34268},{"id":32108,"depth":85,"text":34985},{"id":25311,"depth":78,"text":25312,"children":35672},[35673,35675,35676,35677],{"id":35272,"depth":85,"text":35674},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35293,"depth":85,"text":35294},{"id":35303,"depth":85,"text":35304},{"id":35333,"depth":85,"text":35334},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":35680},[35681,35683,35685,35687],{"id":35556,"depth":85,"text":35682},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35564,"depth":85,"text":35684},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35579,"depth":85,"text":35686},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35589,"depth":85,"text":35688},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34260,"description":35690},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35697,"title":35698,"body":35699,"description":37517,"extension":1927,"meta":37518,"navigation":81,"path":37519,"seo":37520,"stem":37521,"__hash__":37522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35700,"toc":37486},[35701,35707,35712,35715,35723,35729,35731,35811,35813,35839,35844,35849,35854,35857,35868,35871,35873,35952,35954,35980,35987,35989,35991,36016,36019,36032,36037,36039,36120,36122,36147,36156,36161,36169,36175,36182,36185,36187,36266,36269,36326,36328,36365,36371,36376,36381,36384,36398,36400,36503,36505,36548,36557,36567,36574,36580,36587,36670,36672,36695,36698,36701,36703,36707,36711,36714,36777,36799,36802,36806,36812,36814,36881,36884,36961,36966,36972,36975,36978,37024,37026,37050,37055,37059,37064,37070,37133,37136,37138,37141,37166,37169,37304,37306,37407,37409,37414,37417,37423,37433,37441,37446,37452,37458,37460,37483],[10,35702,1877,35704,3542],{"id":35703},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[61,35705,35706],{},"enumerate()",[14,35708,35709,35711],{},[61,35710,35706],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35713,35714],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[21,35716,35717,35720],{},[24,35718,35719],{},"the item itself",[24,35721,35722],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35724,35725,35726,35728],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[61,35727,35706],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[49,35730,52],{"id":51},[54,35732,35734],{"className":56,"code":35733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[61,35735,35736,35768,35772,35795],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35737,35738,35740,35742,35744,35746,35748,35750,35752,35754,35756,35758,35760,35762,35764,35766],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35739,13041],{"class":74},[64,35741,92],{"class":91},[64,35743,112],{"class":95},[64,35745,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35747,13058],{"class":1422},[64,35749,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35751,103],{"class":95},[64,35753,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35755,17409],{"class":1422},[64,35757,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35759,103],{"class":95},[64,35761,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35763,13075],{"class":1422},[64,35765,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35767,746],{"class":95},[64,35769,35770],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35771,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,35773,35774,35776,35779,35781,35784,35786,35789,35791,35793],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35775,5926],{"class":70},[64,35777,35778],{"class":74}," index",[64,35780,103],{"class":95},[64,35782,35783],{"class":74}," color ",[64,35785,3847],{"class":70},[64,35787,35788],{"class":211}," enumerate",[64,35790,144],{"class":95},[64,35792,17456],{"class":140},[64,35794,8312],{"class":95},[64,35796,35797,35799,35801,35804,35806,35809],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,35798,8039],{"class":211},[64,35800,144],{"class":95},[64,35802,35803],{"class":140},"index",[64,35805,103],{"class":95},[64,35807,35808],{"class":140}," color",[64,35810,150],{"class":95},[14,35812,2035],{},[54,35814,35816],{"className":56,"code":35815,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[61,35817,35818,35825,35832],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35819,35820,35822],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35821,187],{"class":99},[64,35823,35824],{"class":74}," red\n",[64,35826,35827,35829],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35828,100],{"class":99},[64,35830,35831],{"class":74}," green\n",[64,35833,35834,35836],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35835,2021],{"class":99},[64,35837,35838],{"class":74}," blue\n",[14,35840,256,35841,35843],{},[61,35842,35706],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[49,35845,3639,35847,3642],{"id":35846},"what-enumerate-does",[61,35848,35706],{},[14,35850,35851,35853],{},[61,35852,35706],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35855,35856],{},"It is commonly used with:",[21,35858,35859,35861,35863,35865],{},[24,35860,5266],{},[24,35862,5269],{},[24,35864,5275],{},[24,35866,35867],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35869,35870],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35872,318],{},[54,35874,35876],{"className":56,"code":35875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[61,35877,35878,35912,35916,35937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35879,35880,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890,35892,35894,35896,35899,35901,35903,35905,35908,35910],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35881,4959],{"class":74},[64,35883,92],{"class":91},[64,35885,112],{"class":95},[64,35887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35889,12846],{"class":1422},[64,35891,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35893,103],{"class":95},[64,35895,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35897,35898],{"class":1422},"Ben",[64,35900,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35902,103],{"class":95},[64,35904,3315],{"class":1418},[64,35906,35907],{"class":1422},"Cara",[64,35909,1419],{"class":1418},[64,35911,746],{"class":95},[64,35913,35914],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35915,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,35917,35918,35920,35922,35924,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35919,5926],{"class":70},[64,35921,35778],{"class":74},[64,35923,103],{"class":95},[64,35925,35926],{"class":74}," name ",[64,35928,3847],{"class":70},[64,35930,35788],{"class":211},[64,35932,144],{"class":95},[64,35934,5003],{"class":140},[64,35936,8312],{"class":95},[64,35938,35939,35941,35943,35945,35947,35950],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,35940,8039],{"class":211},[64,35942,144],{"class":95},[64,35944,35803],{"class":140},[64,35946,103],{"class":95},[64,35948,35949],{"class":140}," name",[64,35951,150],{"class":95},[14,35953,2035],{},[54,35955,35957],{"className":56,"code":35956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[61,35958,35959,35966,35973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35960,35961,35963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35962,187],{"class":99},[64,35964,35965],{"class":74}," Ana\n",[64,35967,35968,35970],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,35969,100],{"class":99},[64,35971,35972],{"class":74}," Ben\n",[64,35974,35975,35977],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,35976,2021],{"class":99},[64,35978,35979],{"class":74}," Cara\n",[14,35981,35982,35983,137],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[543,35984,35986],{"href":35985},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[49,35988,2120],{"id":2119},[14,35990,2123],{},[54,35992,35994],{"className":56,"code":35993,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[61,35995,35996],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,35997,35998,36001,36003,36005,36007,36010,36012,36014],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35999,36000],{"class":211},"enumerate",[64,36002,144],{"class":95},[64,36004,3683],{"class":140},[64,36006,103],{"class":95},[64,36008,36009],{"class":9147}," start",[64,36011,92],{"class":91},[64,36013,187],{"class":99},[64,36015,150],{"class":95},[14,36017,36018],{},"It has two parts:",[21,36020,36021,36026],{},[24,36022,36023,36025],{},[61,36024,3683],{},": the object you want to loop through",[24,36027,36028,36031],{},[61,36029,36030],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36033,36034,36035,137],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[61,36036,187],{},[14,36038,318],{},[54,36040,36042],{"className":56,"code":36041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[61,36043,36044,36077,36081,36104],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36045,36046,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36047,36048],{"class":74},"letters ",[64,36050,92],{"class":91},[64,36052,112],{"class":95},[64,36054,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36056,543],{"class":1422},[64,36058,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36060,103],{"class":95},[64,36062,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36064,1235],{"class":1422},[64,36066,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36068,103],{"class":95},[64,36070,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36072,9711],{"class":1422},[64,36074,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36076,746],{"class":95},[64,36078,36079],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36080,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36082,36083,36085,36088,36090,36093,36095,36097,36099,36102],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36084,5926],{"class":70},[64,36086,36087],{"class":74}," i",[64,36089,103],{"class":95},[64,36091,36092],{"class":74}," letter ",[64,36094,3847],{"class":70},[64,36096,35788],{"class":211},[64,36098,144],{"class":95},[64,36100,36101],{"class":140},"letters",[64,36103,8312],{"class":95},[64,36105,36106,36108,36110,36113,36115,36118],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36107,8039],{"class":211},[64,36109,144],{"class":95},[64,36111,36112],{"class":140},"i",[64,36114,103],{"class":95},[64,36116,36117],{"class":140}," letter",[64,36119,150],{"class":95},[14,36121,2035],{},[54,36123,36125],{"className":56,"code":36124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[61,36126,36127,36133,36140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36128,36129,36131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36130,187],{"class":99},[64,36132,1592],{"class":74},[64,36134,36135,36137],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36136,100],{"class":99},[64,36138,36139],{"class":74}," b\n",[64,36141,36142,36144],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36143,2021],{"class":99},[64,36145,36146],{"class":74}," c\n",[14,36148,36149,36150,137],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[543,36151,1877,36153,3472],{"href":36152},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[61,36154,36155],{},"range()",[49,36157,3639,36159,11679],{"id":36158},"what-enumerate-returns",[61,36160,35706],{},[14,36162,36163,36165,36166,137],{},[61,36164,35706],{}," returns an ",[37,36167,36168],{},"enumerate object",[14,36170,36171,36172,36174],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[61,36173,5926],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[21,36176,36177],{},[24,36178,36179],{},[61,36180,36181],{},"(index, item)",[14,36183,36184],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36186,318],{},[54,36188,36190],{"className":56,"code":36189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[61,36191,36192,36225,36229,36251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36193,36194,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209,36211,36213,36215,36217,36219,36221,36223],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36195,36196],{"class":74},"fruits ",[64,36198,92],{"class":91},[64,36200,112],{"class":95},[64,36202,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36204,4043],{"class":1422},[64,36206,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36208,103],{"class":95},[64,36210,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36212,4052],{"class":1422},[64,36214,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36216,103],{"class":95},[64,36218,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36220,33177],{"class":1422},[64,36222,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36224,746],{"class":95},[64,36226,36227],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36228,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36230,36231,36233,36235,36237,36240,36242,36244,36246,36249],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36232,5926],{"class":70},[64,36234,35778],{"class":74},[64,36236,103],{"class":95},[64,36238,36239],{"class":74}," fruit ",[64,36241,3847],{"class":70},[64,36243,35788],{"class":211},[64,36245,144],{"class":95},[64,36247,36248],{"class":140},"fruits",[64,36250,8312],{"class":95},[64,36252,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261,36264],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36254,8039],{"class":211},[64,36256,144],{"class":95},[64,36258,35803],{"class":140},[64,36260,103],{"class":95},[64,36262,36263],{"class":140}," fruit",[64,36265,150],{"class":95},[14,36267,36268],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[54,36270,36272],{"className":56,"code":36271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[61,36273,36274,36294,36298,36316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36275,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36277,1161],{"class":74},[64,36279,92],{"class":91},[64,36281,112],{"class":95},[64,36283,1432],{"class":99},[64,36285,103],{"class":95},[64,36287,1437],{"class":99},[64,36289,103],{"class":95},[64,36291,7764],{"class":99},[64,36293,746],{"class":95},[64,36295,36296],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36297,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36299,36300,36302,36304,36306,36308,36310,36312,36314],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36301,2194],{"class":74},[64,36303,92],{"class":91},[64,36305,22513],{"class":1778},[64,36307,144],{"class":95},[64,36309,36000],{"class":211},[64,36311,144],{"class":95},[64,36313,3611],{"class":140},[64,36315,1737],{"class":95},[64,36317,36318,36320,36322,36324],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36319,212],{"class":211},[64,36321,144],{"class":95},[64,36323,2229],{"class":140},[64,36325,150],{"class":95},[14,36327,2035],{},[54,36329,36331],{"className":56,"code":36330,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[61,36332,36333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36334,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36336,21693],{"class":95},[64,36338,187],{"class":99},[64,36340,103],{"class":95},[64,36342,5973],{"class":99},[64,36344,1727],{"class":95},[64,36346,9207],{"class":95},[64,36348,100],{"class":99},[64,36350,103],{"class":95},[64,36352,1437],{"class":99},[64,36354,1727],{"class":95},[64,36356,9207],{"class":95},[64,36358,2021],{"class":99},[64,36360,103],{"class":95},[64,36362,7764],{"class":99},[64,36364,9220],{"class":95},[14,36366,36367,36368,36370],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[61,36369,35706],{}," produces.",[49,36372,4925,36374],{"id":36373},"when-to-use-enumerate",[61,36375,35706],{},[14,36377,256,36378,36380],{},[61,36379,35706],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36382,36383],{},"Common cases:",[21,36385,36386,36389,36392,36395],{},[24,36387,36388],{},"printing numbered output",[24,36390,36391],{},"building menus",[24,36393,36394],{},"showing positions in a list",[24,36396,36397],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36399,318],{},[54,36401,36403],{"className":56,"code":36402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[61,36404,36405,36440,36444,36474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36406,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36418,36420,36422,36424,36427,36429,36431,36433,36436,36438],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36408,29852],{"class":74},[64,36410,92],{"class":91},[64,36412,112],{"class":95},[64,36414,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36416,36417],{"class":1422},"Wash dishes",[64,36419,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36421,103],{"class":95},[64,36423,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36425,36426],{"class":1422},"Study Python",[64,36428,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36430,103],{"class":95},[64,36432,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36434,36435],{"class":1422},"Go for a walk",[64,36437,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36439,746],{"class":95},[64,36441,36442],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36443,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36445,36446,36448,36450,36452,36455,36457,36459,36461,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36447,5926],{"class":70},[64,36449,2161],{"class":74},[64,36451,103],{"class":95},[64,36453,36454],{"class":74}," task ",[64,36456,3847],{"class":70},[64,36458,35788],{"class":211},[64,36460,144],{"class":95},[64,36462,36463],{"class":140},"tasks",[64,36465,103],{"class":95},[64,36467,36009],{"class":9147},[64,36469,92],{"class":91},[64,36471,100],{"class":99},[64,36473,8312],{"class":95},[64,36475,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36497,36499,36501],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36477,8039],{"class":211},[64,36479,144],{"class":95},[64,36481,22247],{"class":2029},[64,36483,1419],{"class":1422},[64,36485,9249],{"class":99},[64,36487,2204],{"class":140},[64,36489,22256],{"class":99},[64,36491,28267],{"class":1422},[64,36493,9249],{"class":99},[64,36495,36496],{"class":140},"task",[64,36498,22256],{"class":99},[64,36500,1419],{"class":1422},[64,36502,150],{"class":95},[14,36504,2035],{},[54,36506,36508],{"className":56,"code":36507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[61,36509,36510,36522,36534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36511,36512,36514,36516,36519],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36513,100],{"class":99},[64,36515,137],{"class":95},[64,36517,36518],{"class":24704}," Wash",[64,36520,36521],{"class":74}," dishes\n",[64,36523,36524,36526,36528,36531],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36525,2021],{"class":99},[64,36527,137],{"class":95},[64,36529,36530],{"class":24704}," Study",[64,36532,36533],{"class":74}," Python\n",[64,36535,36536,36538,36540,36543,36545],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36537,115],{"class":99},[64,36539,137],{"class":95},[64,36541,36542],{"class":24704}," Go",[64,36544,3841],{"class":70},[64,36546,36547],{"class":74}," a walk\n",[14,36549,36550,36551,36553,36554,137],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[61,36552,35706],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[61,36555,36556],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36558,36559,36560,137],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[543,36561,36563,36564,36566],{"href":36562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[61,36565,35706],{}," in Python",[49,36568,36570,36571,36573],{"id":36569},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[61,36572,36030],{}," argument",[14,36575,36576,36577,36579],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[61,36578,36030],{}," argument.",[14,36581,36582,36583,11064,36585,1117],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[61,36584,100],{},[61,36586,187],{},[54,36588,36590],{"className":56,"code":36589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[61,36591,36592,36624,36628,36656],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36593,36594,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36595,13041],{"class":74},[64,36597,92],{"class":91},[64,36599,112],{"class":95},[64,36601,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36603,13058],{"class":1422},[64,36605,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36607,103],{"class":95},[64,36609,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36611,17409],{"class":1422},[64,36613,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36615,103],{"class":95},[64,36617,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36619,13075],{"class":1422},[64,36621,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36623,746],{"class":95},[64,36625,36626],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36627,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36629,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36631,5926],{"class":70},[64,36633,35778],{"class":74},[64,36635,103],{"class":95},[64,36637,35783],{"class":74},[64,36639,3847],{"class":70},[64,36641,35788],{"class":211},[64,36643,144],{"class":95},[64,36645,17456],{"class":140},[64,36647,103],{"class":95},[64,36649,36009],{"class":9147},[64,36651,92],{"class":91},[64,36653,100],{"class":99},[64,36655,8312],{"class":95},[64,36657,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36659,8039],{"class":211},[64,36661,144],{"class":95},[64,36663,35803],{"class":140},[64,36665,103],{"class":95},[64,36667,35808],{"class":140},[64,36669,150],{"class":95},[14,36671,2035],{},[54,36673,36675],{"className":56,"code":36674,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[61,36676,36677,36683,36689],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36678,36679,36681],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36680,100],{"class":99},[64,36682,35824],{"class":74},[64,36684,36685,36687],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36686,2021],{"class":99},[64,36688,35831],{"class":74},[64,36690,36691,36693],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36692,115],{"class":99},[64,36694,35838],{"class":74},[14,36696,36697],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36699,36700],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[49,36702,25312],{"id":25311},[14,36704,25315,36705,137],{},[61,36706,35706],{},[816,36708,36710],{"id":36709},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36712,36713],{},"In this loop:",[54,36715,36717],{"className":56,"code":36716,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[61,36718,36719,36739,36743,36763],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36720,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731,36733,36735,36737],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36722,1161],{"class":74},[64,36724,92],{"class":91},[64,36726,112],{"class":95},[64,36728,1432],{"class":99},[64,36730,103],{"class":95},[64,36732,1437],{"class":99},[64,36734,103],{"class":95},[64,36736,7764],{"class":99},[64,36738,746],{"class":95},[64,36740,36741],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36742,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36744,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36746,5926],{"class":70},[64,36748,35778],{"class":74},[64,36750,103],{"class":95},[64,36752,21537],{"class":74},[64,36754,3847],{"class":70},[64,36756,35788],{"class":211},[64,36758,144],{"class":95},[64,36760,3611],{"class":140},[64,36762,8312],{"class":95},[64,36764,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36766,8039],{"class":211},[64,36768,144],{"class":95},[64,36770,35803],{"class":140},[64,36772,103],{"class":95},[64,36774,8403],{"class":140},[64,36776,150],{"class":95},[21,36778,36779,36789],{},[24,36780,36781,4747,36783,2153,36785,2153,36787],{},[61,36782,35803],{},[61,36784,187],{},[61,36786,100],{},[61,36788,2021],{},[24,36790,36791,4747,36793,2153,36795,2153,36797],{},[61,36792,2436],{},[61,36794,1432],{},[61,36796,15707],{},[61,36798,1497],{},[14,36800,36801],{},"These are different things.",[816,36803,36805],{"id":36804},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36807,36808,36809,36811],{},"Each item from ",[61,36810,35706],{}," is a pair.",[14,36813,6655],{},[54,36815,36817],{"className":56,"code":36816,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[61,36818,36819,36843,36847,36867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36820,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36822,7749],{"class":74},[64,36824,92],{"class":91},[64,36826,112],{"class":95},[64,36828,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36830,2137],{"class":1422},[64,36832,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36834,103],{"class":95},[64,36836,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36838,11719],{"class":1422},[64,36840,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36842,746],{"class":95},[64,36844,36845],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36846,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36848,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36850,5926],{"class":70},[64,36852,36087],{"class":74},[64,36854,103],{"class":95},[64,36856,5929],{"class":74},[64,36858,3847],{"class":70},[64,36860,35788],{"class":211},[64,36862,144],{"class":95},[64,36864,7779],{"class":140},[64,36866,8312],{"class":95},[64,36868,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36870,8039],{"class":211},[64,36872,144],{"class":95},[64,36874,36112],{"class":140},[64,36876,103],{"class":95},[64,36878,29461],{"class":140},[64,36880,150],{"class":95},[14,36882,36883],{},"But this causes an error:",[54,36885,36887],{"className":56,"code":36886,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[61,36888,36889,36913,36917,36942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36890,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36892,7749],{"class":74},[64,36894,92],{"class":91},[64,36896,112],{"class":95},[64,36898,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36900,2137],{"class":1422},[64,36902,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36904,103],{"class":95},[64,36906,3315],{"class":1418},[64,36908,11719],{"class":1422},[64,36910,1419],{"class":1418},[64,36912,746],{"class":95},[64,36914,36915],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,36916,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,36918,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,36920,5926],{"class":70},[64,36922,36087],{"class":74},[64,36924,103],{"class":95},[64,36926,29461],{"class":74},[64,36928,103],{"class":95},[64,36930,36931],{"class":74}," extra ",[64,36933,3847],{"class":70},[64,36935,35788],{"class":211},[64,36937,144],{"class":95},[64,36939,7779],{"class":140},[64,36941,8312],{"class":95},[64,36943,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956,36959],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,36945,8039],{"class":211},[64,36947,144],{"class":95},[64,36949,36112],{"class":140},[64,36951,103],{"class":95},[64,36953,29461],{"class":140},[64,36955,103],{"class":95},[64,36957,36958],{"class":140}," extra",[64,36960,150],{"class":95},[14,36962,29015,36963,36965],{},[61,36964,35706],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[816,36967,36969,36971],{"id":36968},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[61,36970,35706],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36973,36974],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36976,36977],{},"Example with a string:",[54,36979,36981],{"className":56,"code":36980,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[61,36982,36983,37009],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,36984,36985,36987,36989,36991,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37005,37007],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36986,5926],{"class":70},[64,36988,35778],{"class":74},[64,36990,103],{"class":95},[64,36992,36993],{"class":74}," char ",[64,36995,3847],{"class":70},[64,36997,35788],{"class":211},[64,36999,144],{"class":95},[64,37001,1419],{"class":1418},[64,37003,37004],{"class":1422},"cat",[64,37006,1419],{"class":1418},[64,37008,8312],{"class":95},[64,37010,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37022],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37012,8039],{"class":211},[64,37014,144],{"class":95},[64,37016,35803],{"class":140},[64,37018,103],{"class":95},[64,37020,37021],{"class":140}," char",[64,37023,150],{"class":95},[14,37025,2035],{},[54,37027,37029],{"className":56,"code":37028,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[61,37030,37031,37037,37043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37032,37033,37035],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37034,187],{"class":99},[64,37036,36146],{"class":74},[64,37038,37039,37041],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37040,100],{"class":99},[64,37042,1592],{"class":74},[64,37044,37045,37047],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,37046,2021],{"class":99},[64,37048,37049],{"class":74}," t\n",[14,37051,37052,37053,137],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[543,37054,5101],{"href":5554},[816,37056,37058],{"id":37057},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37060,37061,37062,137],{},"You do not always need ",[61,37063,35706],{},[14,37065,37066,37067,37069],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[61,37068,5926],{}," loop:",[54,37071,37073],{"className":56,"code":37072,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[61,37074,37075,37107,37111,37123],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37076,37077,37079,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37078,13041],{"class":74},[64,37080,92],{"class":91},[64,37082,112],{"class":95},[64,37084,1419],{"class":1418},[64,37086,13058],{"class":1422},[64,37088,1419],{"class":1418},[64,37090,103],{"class":95},[64,37092,3315],{"class":1418},[64,37094,17409],{"class":1422},[64,37096,1419],{"class":1418},[64,37098,103],{"class":95},[64,37100,3315],{"class":1418},[64,37102,13075],{"class":1422},[64,37104,1419],{"class":1418},[64,37106,746],{"class":95},[64,37108,37109],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37110,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,37112,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,37114,5926],{"class":70},[64,37116,35783],{"class":74},[64,37118,3847],{"class":70},[64,37120,13089],{"class":74},[64,37122,6363],{"class":95},[64,37124,37125,37127,37129,37131],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,37126,8039],{"class":211},[64,37128,144],{"class":95},[64,37130,32847],{"class":140},[64,37132,150],{"class":95},[14,37134,37135],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[49,37137,1646],{"id":1645},[14,37139,37140],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[21,37142,37143,37148,37154,37159],{},[24,37144,23054,37145,37147],{},[61,37146,35706],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[24,37149,37150,37151,37153],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[61,37152,187],{}," by default",[24,37155,1654,37156,37158],{},[61,37157,35706],{}," when only values are needed",[24,37160,37161,37162,8675,37164],{},"Confusing ",[61,37163,35706],{},[61,37165,36155],{},[14,37167,37168],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[54,37170,37172],{"className":56,"code":37171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[61,37173,37174,37196,37223,37257,37290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37175,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37177,212],{"class":211},[64,37179,144],{"class":95},[64,37181,36000],{"class":211},[64,37183,382],{"class":95},[64,37185,1432],{"class":99},[64,37187,103],{"class":95},[64,37189,1437],{"class":99},[64,37191,103],{"class":95},[64,37193,7764],{"class":99},[64,37195,1769],{"class":95},[64,37197,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37199,212],{"class":211},[64,37201,144],{"class":95},[64,37203,8064],{"class":1778},[64,37205,144],{"class":95},[64,37207,36000],{"class":211},[64,37209,382],{"class":95},[64,37211,1432],{"class":99},[64,37213,103],{"class":95},[64,37215,1437],{"class":99},[64,37217,103],{"class":95},[64,37219,7764],{"class":99},[64,37221,37222],{"class":95},"])))\n",[64,37224,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233,37235,37237,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,37226,212],{"class":211},[64,37228,144],{"class":95},[64,37230,8064],{"class":1778},[64,37232,144],{"class":95},[64,37234,36000],{"class":211},[64,37236,382],{"class":95},[64,37238,1432],{"class":99},[64,37240,103],{"class":95},[64,37242,1437],{"class":99},[64,37244,103],{"class":95},[64,37246,7764],{"class":99},[64,37248,109],{"class":95},[64,37250,36009],{"class":9147},[64,37252,92],{"class":91},[64,37254,100],{"class":99},[64,37256,2873],{"class":95},[64,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,37260,5926],{"class":70},[64,37262,36087],{"class":74},[64,37264,103],{"class":95},[64,37266,21537],{"class":74},[64,37268,3847],{"class":70},[64,37270,35788],{"class":211},[64,37272,382],{"class":95},[64,37274,3261],{"class":1418},[64,37276,543],{"class":1422},[64,37278,3261],{"class":1418},[64,37280,103],{"class":95},[64,37282,3256],{"class":1418},[64,37284,1235],{"class":1422},[64,37286,3261],{"class":1418},[64,37288,37289],{"class":95},"]):\n",[64,37291,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,37293,8039],{"class":211},[64,37295,144],{"class":95},[64,37297,36112],{"class":140},[64,37299,103],{"class":95},[64,37301,8403],{"class":140},[64,37303,150],{"class":95},[14,37305,16911],{},[54,37307,37309],{"className":56,"code":37308,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[61,37310,37311,37331,37363,37395,37401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37312,37313,37315,37317,37319,37322,37326,37329],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37314,3250],{"class":91},[64,37316,36000],{"class":211},[64,37318,24571],{"class":1778},[64,37320,37321],{"class":74}," at ",[64,37323,37325],{"class":37324},"srjyR","0x",[64,37327,37328],{"class":34410},"...",[64,37330,3264],{"class":91},[64,37332,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37334,21693],{"class":95},[64,37336,187],{"class":99},[64,37338,103],{"class":95},[64,37340,5973],{"class":99},[64,37342,1727],{"class":95},[64,37344,9207],{"class":95},[64,37346,100],{"class":99},[64,37348,103],{"class":95},[64,37350,1437],{"class":99},[64,37352,1727],{"class":95},[64,37354,9207],{"class":95},[64,37356,2021],{"class":99},[64,37358,103],{"class":95},[64,37360,7764],{"class":99},[64,37362,9220],{"class":95},[64,37364,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,37366,21693],{"class":95},[64,37368,100],{"class":99},[64,37370,103],{"class":95},[64,37372,5973],{"class":99},[64,37374,1727],{"class":95},[64,37376,9207],{"class":95},[64,37378,2021],{"class":99},[64,37380,103],{"class":95},[64,37382,1437],{"class":99},[64,37384,1727],{"class":95},[64,37386,9207],{"class":95},[64,37388,115],{"class":99},[64,37390,103],{"class":95},[64,37392,7764],{"class":99},[64,37394,9220],{"class":95},[64,37396,37397,37399],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,37398,187],{"class":99},[64,37400,1592],{"class":74},[64,37402,37403,37405],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,37404,100],{"class":99},[64,37406,36139],{"class":74},[49,37408,1826],{"id":1825},[816,37410,5107,37412,5110],{"id":37411},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[61,37413,35706],{},[14,37415,37416],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[816,37418,12670,37420,37422],{"id":37419},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[61,37421,35706],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37424,37425,37426,37428,37429,37432],{},"It starts at ",[61,37427,187],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[61,37430,37431],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[816,37434,21373,37436,11064,37438,2456],{"id":37435},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[61,37437,35706],{},[61,37439,37440],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37442,36550,37443,37445],{},[61,37444,35706],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[816,37447,5135,37449,37451],{"id":37448},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[61,37450,35706],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37453,37454,37455,37457],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[61,37456,35706],{}," can return each character with its index.",[49,37459,1865],{"id":1864},[21,37461,37462,37466,37472,37479],{},[24,37463,37464],{},[543,37465,35986],{"href":35985},[24,37467,37468],{},[543,37469,1877,37470,3472],{"href":36152},[61,37471,36155],{},[24,37473,37474],{},[543,37475,37476,37477,36566],{"href":36562},"How to use ",[61,37478,35706],{},[24,37480,37481],{},[543,37482,5182],{"href":5554},[1898,37484,37485],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":37487},[37488,37489,37491,37492,37494,37496,37498,37505,37506,37516],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":35846,"depth":78,"text":37490},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":36158,"depth":78,"text":37493},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36373,"depth":78,"text":37495},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36569,"depth":78,"text":37497},"Using the start argument",{"id":25311,"depth":78,"text":25312,"children":37499},[37500,37501,37502,37504],{"id":36709,"depth":85,"text":36710},{"id":36804,"depth":85,"text":36805},{"id":36968,"depth":85,"text":37503},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37057,"depth":85,"text":37058},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":37507},[37508,37510,37512,37514],{"id":37411,"depth":85,"text":37509},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37419,"depth":85,"text":37511},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37435,"depth":85,"text":37513},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37448,"depth":85,"text":37515},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35698,"description":37517},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37524,"title":37525,"body":37526,"description":40041,"extension":1927,"meta":40042,"navigation":81,"path":40043,"seo":40044,"stem":40045,"__hash__":40046},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37527,"toc":39998},[37528,37534,37539,37542,37550,37564,37566,37656,37664,37669,37674,37676,37692,37694,37773,37775,37792,37798,37802,37804,37825,37829,37832,37844,37848,37851,37854,37871,37874,37950,37952,37969,37974,37978,37986,37989,38004,38006,38095,38097,38142,38145,38149,38152,38231,38233,38255,38258,38265,38270,38273,38376,38378,38403,38406,38413,38419,38424,38427,38438,38544,38546,38567,38575,38582,38588,38607,38612,38615,38634,38636,38721,38723,38752,38755,38760,38765,38768,38779,38781,38870,38872,38892,38898,39004,39006,39026,39029,39113,39115,39135,39142,39144,39148,39154,39157,39214,39217,39220,39281,39290,39293,39296,39324,39327,39387,39389,39406,39410,39413,39491,39493,39513,39516,39591,39595,39598,39600,39609,39614,39616,39667,39675,39687,39692,39753,39755,39772,39776,39839,39841,39866,39874,39876,39882,39888,39895,39903,39909,39912,39919,39929,39935,39941,39944,39961,39967,39969,39995],[10,37529,1877,37531,3542],{"id":37530},"python-filter-function-explained",[61,37532,37533],{},"filter()",[14,37535,37536,37538],{},[61,37537,37533],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37540,37541],{},"It takes:",[21,37543,37544,37547],{},[24,37545,37546],{},"a function that checks each item",[24,37548,37549],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37551,37552,37553,37556,37557,37560,37561,37563],{},"The result is ",[37,37554,37555],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[61,37558,37559],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[61,37562,24735],{}," to see the values.",[49,37565,52],{"id":51},[54,37567,37569],{"className":56,"code":37568,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[61,37570,37571,37603,37639],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37572,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37574,1161],{"class":74},[64,37576,92],{"class":91},[64,37578,112],{"class":95},[64,37580,100],{"class":99},[64,37582,103],{"class":95},[64,37584,106],{"class":99},[64,37586,103],{"class":95},[64,37588,743],{"class":99},[64,37590,103],{"class":95},[64,37592,120],{"class":99},[64,37594,103],{"class":95},[64,37596,4570],{"class":99},[64,37598,103],{"class":95},[64,37600,390],{"class":99},[64,37602,746],{"class":95},[64,37604,37605,37607,37609,37612,37614,37617,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37606,2194],{"class":74},[64,37608,92],{"class":91},[64,37610,37611],{"class":211}," filter",[64,37613,144],{"class":95},[64,37615,37616],{"class":2029},"lambda",[64,37618,37620],{"class":37619},"sFwrP"," x",[64,37622,1117],{"class":95},[64,37624,3844],{"class":140},[64,37626,6373],{"class":91},[64,37628,106],{"class":99},[64,37630,6378],{"class":91},[64,37632,3797],{"class":99},[64,37634,103],{"class":95},[64,37636,1191],{"class":140},[64,37638,150],{"class":95},[64,37640,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,37642,212],{"class":211},[64,37644,144],{"class":95},[64,37646,8064],{"class":1778},[64,37648,144],{"class":95},[64,37650,2229],{"class":140},[64,37652,5328],{"class":95},[64,37654,37655],{"class":222},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37657,37658,37660,37661,37663],{},[61,37659,37533],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[61,37662,24735],{}," to see the results.",[49,37665,3639,37667,3642],{"id":37666},"what-filter-does",[61,37668,37533],{},[14,37670,37671,37673],{},[61,37672,37533],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37675,304],{},[21,37677,37678,37681,37687],{},[24,37679,37680],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[24,37682,37683,37684,37686],{},"if the test returns ",[61,37685,3567],{},", the item is kept",[24,37688,37683,37689,37691],{},[61,37690,3635],{},", the item is removed",[14,37693,318],{},[54,37695,37697],{"className":56,"code":37696,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,37698,37699,37727,37731,37759],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37700,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37702,1161],{"class":74},[64,37704,92],{"class":91},[64,37706,112],{"class":95},[64,37708,100],{"class":99},[64,37710,103],{"class":95},[64,37712,106],{"class":99},[64,37714,103],{"class":95},[64,37716,743],{"class":99},[64,37718,103],{"class":95},[64,37720,120],{"class":99},[64,37722,103],{"class":95},[64,37724,4570],{"class":99},[64,37726,746],{"class":95},[64,37728,37729],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37730,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,37732,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,37734,2194],{"class":74},[64,37736,92],{"class":91},[64,37738,37611],{"class":211},[64,37740,144],{"class":95},[64,37742,37616],{"class":2029},[64,37744,37620],{"class":37619},[64,37746,1117],{"class":95},[64,37748,3844],{"class":140},[64,37750,4217],{"class":91},[64,37752,743],{"class":99},[64,37754,103],{"class":95},[64,37756,1191],{"class":140},[64,37758,150],{"class":95},[64,37760,37761,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,37762,212],{"class":211},[64,37764,144],{"class":95},[64,37766,8064],{"class":1778},[64,37768,144],{"class":95},[64,37770,2229],{"class":140},[64,37772,1737],{"class":95},[14,37774,2035],{},[54,37776,37778],{"className":56,"code":37777,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[4, 5]\n",[61,37779,37780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37781,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37783,184],{"class":95},[64,37785,772],{"class":99},[64,37787,103],{"class":95},[64,37789,4570],{"class":99},[64,37791,746],{"class":95},[14,37793,37794,37795,37797],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[61,37796,115],{}," are kept.",[49,37799,37801],{"id":37800},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37803,2123],{},[54,37805,37807],{"className":56,"code":37806,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[61,37808,37809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37810,37811,37813,37815,37818,37820,37823],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37812,37559],{"class":211},[64,37814,144],{"class":95},[64,37816,37817],{"class":140},"function",[64,37819,103],{"class":95},[64,37821,37822],{"class":140}," iterable",[64,37824,150],{"class":95},[816,37826,37827],{"id":37817},[61,37828,37817],{},[14,37830,37831],{},"This is the test function.",[21,37833,37834,37837],{},[24,37835,37836],{},"It receives one item at a time",[24,37838,37839,37840,2839,37842],{},"It should return ",[61,37841,3567],{},[61,37843,3635],{},[816,37845,37846],{"id":3683},[61,37847,3683],{},[14,37849,37850],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37852,37853],{},"It can be:",[21,37855,37856,37859,37862,37865,37868],{},[24,37857,37858],{},"a list",[24,37860,37861],{},"a tuple",[24,37863,37864],{},"a string",[24,37866,37867],{},"a set",[24,37869,37870],{},"another iterable object",[14,37872,37873],{},"Example with a tuple:",[54,37875,37877],{"className":56,"code":37876,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,37878,37879,37904,37908,37936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37880,37881,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37882,1161],{"class":74},[64,37884,92],{"class":91},[64,37886,9207],{"class":95},[64,37888,1432],{"class":99},[64,37890,103],{"class":95},[64,37892,37893],{"class":99}," 15",[64,37895,103],{"class":95},[64,37897,1437],{"class":99},[64,37899,103],{"class":95},[64,37901,9277],{"class":99},[64,37903,150],{"class":95},[64,37905,37906],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,37907,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,37909,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,37911,2194],{"class":74},[64,37913,92],{"class":91},[64,37915,37611],{"class":211},[64,37917,144],{"class":95},[64,37919,37616],{"class":2029},[64,37921,37620],{"class":37619},[64,37923,1117],{"class":95},[64,37925,3844],{"class":140},[64,37927,5063],{"class":91},[64,37929,1437],{"class":99},[64,37931,103],{"class":95},[64,37933,1191],{"class":140},[64,37935,150],{"class":95},[64,37937,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,37939,212],{"class":211},[64,37941,144],{"class":95},[64,37943,8064],{"class":1778},[64,37945,144],{"class":95},[64,37947,2229],{"class":140},[64,37949,1737],{"class":95},[14,37951,2035],{},[54,37953,37955],{"className":56,"code":37954,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 25]\n",[61,37956,37957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,37958,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37960,184],{"class":95},[64,37962,15707],{"class":99},[64,37964,103],{"class":95},[64,37966,9277],{"class":99},[64,37968,746],{"class":95},[14,37970,37971,37972,137],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[543,37973,5101],{"href":5554},[49,37975,37977],{"id":37976},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37979,37980,37981,21928,37983,137],{},"In Python 3, ",[61,37982,37533],{},[37,37984,37985],{},"filter object",[14,37987,37988],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[21,37990,37991,37994,37999],{},[24,37992,37993],{},"loop through it",[24,37995,37996,37997],{},"convert it with ",[61,37998,24735],{},[24,38000,37996,38001],{},[61,38002,38003],{},"tuple()",[14,38005,318],{},[54,38007,38009],{"className":56,"code":38008,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,38010,38011,38053,38057,38067,38081],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38012,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38014,2194],{"class":74},[64,38016,92],{"class":91},[64,38018,37611],{"class":211},[64,38020,144],{"class":95},[64,38022,37616],{"class":2029},[64,38024,37620],{"class":37619},[64,38026,1117],{"class":95},[64,38028,3844],{"class":140},[64,38030,4217],{"class":91},[64,38032,106],{"class":99},[64,38034,103],{"class":95},[64,38036,112],{"class":95},[64,38038,100],{"class":99},[64,38040,103],{"class":95},[64,38042,106],{"class":99},[64,38044,103],{"class":95},[64,38046,743],{"class":99},[64,38048,103],{"class":95},[64,38050,120],{"class":99},[64,38052,393],{"class":95},[64,38054,38055],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38056,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38058,38059,38061,38063,38065],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38060,212],{"class":211},[64,38062,144],{"class":95},[64,38064,2229],{"class":140},[64,38066,150],{"class":95},[64,38068,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,38070,212],{"class":211},[64,38072,144],{"class":95},[64,38074,1779],{"class":1778},[64,38076,144],{"class":95},[64,38078,2229],{"class":140},[64,38080,1737],{"class":95},[64,38082,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091,38093],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,38084,212],{"class":211},[64,38086,144],{"class":95},[64,38088,8064],{"class":1778},[64,38090,144],{"class":95},[64,38092,2229],{"class":140},[64,38094,1737],{"class":95},[14,38096,2035],{},[54,38098,38100],{"className":56,"code":38099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[61,38101,38102,38116,38130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38103,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38105,3250],{"class":91},[64,38107,37559],{"class":211},[64,38109,24571],{"class":1778},[64,38111,37321],{"class":74},[64,38113,37328],{"class":34410},[64,38115,3264],{"class":91},[64,38117,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38119,3250],{"class":91},[64,38121,3253],{"class":2029},[64,38123,3256],{"class":1418},[64,38125,37559],{"class":1422},[64,38127,3261],{"class":1418},[64,38129,3264],{"class":91},[64,38131,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38133,184],{"class":95},[64,38135,115],{"class":99},[64,38137,103],{"class":95},[64,38139,120],{"class":99},[64,38141,746],{"class":95},[14,38143,38144],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[816,38146,38148],{"id":38147},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38150,38151],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[54,38153,38155],{"className":56,"code":38154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,38156,38157,38199,38203,38217],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38158,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38160,2194],{"class":74},[64,38162,92],{"class":91},[64,38164,37611],{"class":211},[64,38166,144],{"class":95},[64,38168,37616],{"class":2029},[64,38170,37620],{"class":37619},[64,38172,1117],{"class":95},[64,38174,3844],{"class":140},[64,38176,4217],{"class":91},[64,38178,106],{"class":99},[64,38180,103],{"class":95},[64,38182,112],{"class":95},[64,38184,100],{"class":99},[64,38186,103],{"class":95},[64,38188,106],{"class":99},[64,38190,103],{"class":95},[64,38192,743],{"class":99},[64,38194,103],{"class":95},[64,38196,120],{"class":99},[64,38198,393],{"class":95},[64,38200,38201],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38202,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38204,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38206,212],{"class":211},[64,38208,144],{"class":95},[64,38210,8064],{"class":1778},[64,38212,144],{"class":95},[64,38214,2229],{"class":140},[64,38216,1737],{"class":95},[64,38218,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,38220,212],{"class":211},[64,38222,144],{"class":95},[64,38224,8064],{"class":1778},[64,38226,144],{"class":95},[64,38228,2229],{"class":140},[64,38230,1737],{"class":95},[14,38232,2035],{},[54,38234,38236],{"className":56,"code":38235,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[61,38237,38238,38250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38239,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38241,184],{"class":95},[64,38243,115],{"class":99},[64,38245,103],{"class":95},[64,38247,120],{"class":99},[64,38249,746],{"class":95},[64,38251,38252],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38253,38254],{"class":95},"[]\n",[14,38256,38257],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[49,38259,1654,38261,8675,38263],{"id":38260},"using-filter-with-lambda",[61,38262,37533],{},[61,38264,37616],{},[14,38266,294,38267,38269],{},[61,38268,37616],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38271,38272],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[54,38274,38276],{"className":56,"code":38275,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,38277,38278,38320,38324,38362],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38279,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38316,38318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38281,4034],{"class":74},[64,38283,92],{"class":91},[64,38285,112],{"class":95},[64,38287,1419],{"class":1418},[64,38289,4043],{"class":1422},[64,38291,1419],{"class":1418},[64,38293,103],{"class":95},[64,38295,3315],{"class":1418},[64,38297,38298],{"class":1422},"kiwi",[64,38300,1419],{"class":1418},[64,38302,103],{"class":95},[64,38304,3315],{"class":1418},[64,38306,4052],{"class":1422},[64,38308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,38310,103],{"class":95},[64,38312,3315],{"class":1418},[64,38314,38315],{"class":1422},"fig",[64,38317,1419],{"class":1418},[64,38319,746],{"class":95},[64,38321,38322],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38323,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38325,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38339,38341,38344,38346,38349,38351,38354,38356,38358,38360],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38327,2194],{"class":74},[64,38329,92],{"class":91},[64,38331,37611],{"class":211},[64,38333,144],{"class":95},[64,38335,37616],{"class":2029},[64,38337,38338],{"class":37619}," word",[64,38340,1117],{"class":95},[64,38342,38343],{"class":211}," len",[64,38345,144],{"class":95},[64,38347,38348],{"class":140},"word",[64,38350,219],{"class":95},[64,38352,38353],{"class":91}," >",[64,38355,120],{"class":99},[64,38357,103],{"class":95},[64,38359,6137],{"class":140},[64,38361,150],{"class":95},[64,38363,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,38365,212],{"class":211},[64,38367,144],{"class":95},[64,38369,8064],{"class":1778},[64,38371,144],{"class":95},[64,38373,2229],{"class":140},[64,38375,1737],{"class":95},[14,38377,2035],{},[54,38379,38381],{"className":56,"code":38380,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[61,38382,38383],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38384,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38386,184],{"class":95},[64,38388,3261],{"class":1418},[64,38390,4043],{"class":1422},[64,38392,3261],{"class":1418},[64,38394,103],{"class":95},[64,38396,3256],{"class":1418},[64,38398,4052],{"class":1422},[64,38400,3261],{"class":1418},[64,38402,746],{"class":95},[14,38404,38405],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38407,38408,38409,137],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[543,38410,38412],{"href":38411},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[49,38414,1654,38416,38418],{"id":38415},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[61,38417,37533],{}," with a named function",[14,38420,38421,38422,137],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[61,38423,37616],{},[14,38425,38426],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[21,38428,38429,38432,38435],{},[24,38430,38431],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[24,38433,38434],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[24,38436,38437],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[54,38439,38441],{"className":56,"code":38440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,38442,38443,38456,38471,38475,38507,38526,38530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38444,38445,38447,38450,38452,38454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38446,34809],{"class":2029},[64,38448,38449],{"class":34812}," is_even",[64,38451,144],{"class":95},[64,38453,2204],{"class":37619},[64,38455,8312],{"class":95},[64,38457,38458,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38459,34820],{"class":70},[64,38461,6356],{"class":74},[64,38463,6373],{"class":91},[64,38465,106],{"class":99},[64,38467,6378],{"class":91},[64,38469,38470],{"class":99}," 0\n",[64,38472,38473],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38474,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38476,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,38478,1161],{"class":74},[64,38480,92],{"class":91},[64,38482,112],{"class":95},[64,38484,100],{"class":99},[64,38486,103],{"class":95},[64,38488,106],{"class":99},[64,38490,103],{"class":95},[64,38492,743],{"class":99},[64,38494,103],{"class":95},[64,38496,120],{"class":99},[64,38498,103],{"class":95},[64,38500,4570],{"class":99},[64,38502,103],{"class":95},[64,38504,390],{"class":99},[64,38506,746],{"class":95},[64,38508,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38520,38522,38524],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,38510,2194],{"class":74},[64,38512,92],{"class":91},[64,38514,37611],{"class":211},[64,38516,144],{"class":95},[64,38518,38519],{"class":140},"is_even",[64,38521,103],{"class":95},[64,38523,1191],{"class":140},[64,38525,150],{"class":95},[64,38527,38528],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,38529,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38531,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,38533,212],{"class":211},[64,38535,144],{"class":95},[64,38537,8064],{"class":1778},[64,38539,144],{"class":95},[64,38541,2229],{"class":140},[64,38543,1737],{"class":95},[14,38545,2035],{},[54,38547,38549],{"className":56,"code":38548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[61,38550,38551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38552,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38554,184],{"class":95},[64,38556,2021],{"class":99},[64,38558,103],{"class":95},[64,38560,120],{"class":99},[64,38562,103],{"class":95},[64,38564,390],{"class":99},[64,38566,746],{"class":95},[14,38568,20724,38569,2361,38572,38574],{},[61,38570,38571],{},"is_even()",[61,38573,3567],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[49,38576,1654,38578,8675,38580],{"id":38577},"using-none-with-filter",[61,38579,3741],{},[61,38581,37533],{},[14,38583,38584,38585,38587],{},"You can pass ",[61,38586,3741],{}," as the first argument:",[54,38589,38591],{"className":56,"code":38590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[61,38592,38593],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38594,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38596,37559],{"class":211},[64,38598,144],{"class":95},[64,38600,3741],{"class":3816},[64,38602,103],{"class":95},[64,38604,37822],{"class":140},[64,38606,150],{"class":95},[14,38608,38609,38610,7308],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[37,38611,5564],{},[14,38613,38614],{},"Falsy values include:",[21,38616,38617,38621,38626,38630],{},[24,38618,38619],{},[61,38620,187],{},[24,38622,38623,38625],{},[61,38624,3736],{}," (empty string)",[24,38627,38628],{},[61,38629,3741],{},[24,38631,38632],{},[61,38633,3635],{},[14,38635,318],{},[54,38637,38639],{"className":56,"code":38638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,38640,38641,38685,38689,38707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38642,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38644,7749],{"class":74},[64,38646,92],{"class":91},[64,38648,112],{"class":95},[64,38650,187],{"class":99},[64,38652,103],{"class":95},[64,38654,5465],{"class":99},[64,38656,103],{"class":95},[64,38658,6095],{"class":1418},[64,38660,103],{"class":95},[64,38662,3315],{"class":1418},[64,38664,3809],{"class":1422},[64,38666,1419],{"class":1418},[64,38668,103],{"class":95},[64,38670,3817],{"class":3816},[64,38672,103],{"class":95},[64,38674,3879],{"class":3816},[64,38676,103],{"class":95},[64,38678,3870],{"class":3816},[64,38680,103],{"class":95},[64,38682,4570],{"class":99},[64,38684,746],{"class":95},[64,38686,38687],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38688,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38690,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38692,2194],{"class":74},[64,38694,92],{"class":91},[64,38696,37611],{"class":211},[64,38698,144],{"class":95},[64,38700,3741],{"class":3816},[64,38702,103],{"class":95},[64,38704,5934],{"class":140},[64,38706,150],{"class":95},[64,38708,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,38710,212],{"class":211},[64,38712,144],{"class":95},[64,38714,8064],{"class":1778},[64,38716,144],{"class":95},[64,38718,2229],{"class":140},[64,38720,1737],{"class":95},[14,38722,2035],{},[54,38724,38726],{"className":56,"code":38725,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[61,38727,38728],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38729,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38731,184],{"class":95},[64,38733,100],{"class":99},[64,38735,103],{"class":95},[64,38737,3256],{"class":1418},[64,38739,3809],{"class":1422},[64,38741,3261],{"class":1418},[64,38743,103],{"class":95},[64,38745,3879],{"class":3816},[64,38747,103],{"class":95},[64,38749,4570],{"class":99},[64,38751,746],{"class":95},[14,38753,38754],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[49,38756,4925,38758],{"id":38757},"when-to-use-filter",[61,38759,37533],{},[14,38761,256,38762,38764],{},[61,38763,37533],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38766,38767],{},"It works well for:",[21,38769,38770,38773,38776],{},[24,38771,38772],{},"simple filtering rules",[24,38774,38775],{},"quick data cleaning",[24,38777,38778],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38780,318],{},[54,38782,38784],{"className":56,"code":38783,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[61,38785,38786,38818,38851,38855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38787,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38789,1161],{"class":74},[64,38791,92],{"class":91},[64,38793,112],{"class":95},[64,38795,100],{"class":99},[64,38797,103],{"class":95},[64,38799,106],{"class":99},[64,38801,103],{"class":95},[64,38803,743],{"class":99},[64,38805,103],{"class":95},[64,38807,120],{"class":99},[64,38809,103],{"class":95},[64,38811,4570],{"class":99},[64,38813,103],{"class":95},[64,38815,390],{"class":99},[64,38817,746],{"class":95},[64,38819,38820,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38821,38822],{"class":74},"evens ",[64,38824,92],{"class":91},[64,38826,37611],{"class":211},[64,38828,144],{"class":95},[64,38830,37616],{"class":2029},[64,38832,37620],{"class":37619},[64,38834,1117],{"class":95},[64,38836,3844],{"class":140},[64,38838,6373],{"class":91},[64,38840,106],{"class":99},[64,38842,6378],{"class":91},[64,38844,3797],{"class":99},[64,38846,103],{"class":95},[64,38848,1191],{"class":140},[64,38850,150],{"class":95},[64,38852,38853],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38854,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38856,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38868],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,38858,212],{"class":211},[64,38860,144],{"class":95},[64,38862,8064],{"class":1778},[64,38864,144],{"class":95},[64,38866,38867],{"class":140},"evens",[64,38869,1737],{"class":95},[14,38871,2035],{},[54,38873,38874],{"className":56,"code":38548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,38875,38876],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38877,38878,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38879,184],{"class":95},[64,38881,2021],{"class":99},[64,38883,103],{"class":95},[64,38885,120],{"class":99},[64,38887,103],{"class":95},[64,38889,390],{"class":99},[64,38891,746],{"class":95},[14,38893,38894,38895,38897],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[61,38896,5926],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[54,38899,38901],{"className":56,"code":38900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[61,38902,38903,38935,38943,38947,38959,38975,38990,38994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,38904,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38906,1161],{"class":74},[64,38908,92],{"class":91},[64,38910,112],{"class":95},[64,38912,100],{"class":99},[64,38914,103],{"class":95},[64,38916,106],{"class":99},[64,38918,103],{"class":95},[64,38920,743],{"class":99},[64,38922,103],{"class":95},[64,38924,120],{"class":99},[64,38926,103],{"class":95},[64,38928,4570],{"class":99},[64,38930,103],{"class":95},[64,38932,390],{"class":99},[64,38934,746],{"class":95},[64,38936,38937,38939,38941],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,38938,38822],{"class":74},[64,38940,92],{"class":91},[64,38942,7808],{"class":95},[64,38944,38945],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,38946,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38948,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,38950,5926],{"class":70},[64,38952,6356],{"class":74},[64,38954,3847],{"class":70},[64,38956,1191],{"class":74},[64,38958,6363],{"class":95},[64,38960,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,38962,6368],{"class":70},[64,38964,6356],{"class":74},[64,38966,6373],{"class":91},[64,38968,106],{"class":99},[64,38970,6378],{"class":91},[64,38972,3797],{"class":99},[64,38974,6363],{"class":95},[64,38976,38977,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,38978,38979],{"class":74},"        evens",[64,38981,137],{"class":95},[64,38983,193],{"class":140},[64,38985,144],{"class":95},[64,38987,2204],{"class":140},[64,38989,150],{"class":95},[64,38991,38992],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,38993,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,38995,38996,38998,39000,39002],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,38997,212],{"class":211},[64,38999,144],{"class":95},[64,39001,38867],{"class":140},[64,39003,150],{"class":95},[14,39005,2035],{},[54,39007,39008],{"className":56,"code":38548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,39009,39010],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39011,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39013,184],{"class":95},[64,39015,2021],{"class":99},[64,39017,103],{"class":95},[64,39019,120],{"class":99},[64,39021,103],{"class":95},[64,39023,390],{"class":99},[64,39025,746],{"class":95},[14,39027,39028],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[54,39030,39032],{"className":56,"code":39031,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[61,39033,39034,39066,39099,39103],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39035,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39037,1161],{"class":74},[64,39039,92],{"class":91},[64,39041,112],{"class":95},[64,39043,100],{"class":99},[64,39045,103],{"class":95},[64,39047,106],{"class":99},[64,39049,103],{"class":95},[64,39051,743],{"class":99},[64,39053,103],{"class":95},[64,39055,120],{"class":99},[64,39057,103],{"class":95},[64,39059,4570],{"class":99},[64,39061,103],{"class":95},[64,39063,390],{"class":99},[64,39065,746],{"class":95},[64,39067,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39069,38822],{"class":74},[64,39071,92],{"class":91},[64,39073,112],{"class":95},[64,39075,2181],{"class":74},[64,39077,5926],{"class":70},[64,39079,6356],{"class":74},[64,39081,3847],{"class":70},[64,39083,39084],{"class":74}," numbers ",[64,39086,6965],{"class":70},[64,39088,6356],{"class":74},[64,39090,6373],{"class":91},[64,39092,106],{"class":99},[64,39094,6378],{"class":91},[64,39096,3797],{"class":99},[64,39098,746],{"class":95},[64,39100,39101],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,39102,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,39104,39105,39107,39109,39111],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,39106,212],{"class":211},[64,39108,144],{"class":95},[64,39110,38867],{"class":140},[64,39112,150],{"class":95},[14,39114,2035],{},[54,39116,39117],{"className":56,"code":38548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,39118,39119],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39120,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39122,184],{"class":95},[64,39124,2021],{"class":99},[64,39126,103],{"class":95},[64,39128,120],{"class":99},[64,39130,103],{"class":95},[64,39132,390],{"class":99},[64,39134,746],{"class":95},[14,39136,39137,39138,137],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[543,39139,39141],{"href":39140},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[49,39143,1646],{"id":1645},[14,39145,14689,39146,137],{},[61,39147,37533],{},[816,39149,8423,39151,39153],{"id":39150},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[61,39152,37533],{}," to return a list",[14,39155,39156],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[54,39158,39160],{"className":56,"code":39159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[61,39161,39162,39204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39163,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39165,2194],{"class":74},[64,39167,92],{"class":91},[64,39169,37611],{"class":211},[64,39171,144],{"class":95},[64,39173,37616],{"class":2029},[64,39175,37620],{"class":37619},[64,39177,1117],{"class":95},[64,39179,3844],{"class":140},[64,39181,4217],{"class":91},[64,39183,106],{"class":99},[64,39185,103],{"class":95},[64,39187,112],{"class":95},[64,39189,100],{"class":99},[64,39191,103],{"class":95},[64,39193,106],{"class":99},[64,39195,103],{"class":95},[64,39197,743],{"class":99},[64,39199,103],{"class":95},[64,39201,120],{"class":99},[64,39203,393],{"class":95},[64,39205,39206,39208,39210,39212],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39207,212],{"class":211},[64,39209,144],{"class":95},[64,39211,2229],{"class":140},[64,39213,150],{"class":95},[14,39215,39216],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39218,39219],{},"Fix:",[54,39221,39223],{"className":56,"code":39222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,39224,39225,39267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39226,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261,39263,39265],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39228,2194],{"class":74},[64,39230,92],{"class":91},[64,39232,37611],{"class":211},[64,39234,144],{"class":95},[64,39236,37616],{"class":2029},[64,39238,37620],{"class":37619},[64,39240,1117],{"class":95},[64,39242,3844],{"class":140},[64,39244,4217],{"class":91},[64,39246,106],{"class":99},[64,39248,103],{"class":95},[64,39250,112],{"class":95},[64,39252,100],{"class":99},[64,39254,103],{"class":95},[64,39256,106],{"class":99},[64,39258,103],{"class":95},[64,39260,743],{"class":99},[64,39262,103],{"class":95},[64,39264,120],{"class":99},[64,39266,393],{"class":95},[64,39268,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39270,212],{"class":211},[64,39272,144],{"class":95},[64,39274,8064],{"class":1778},[64,39276,144],{"class":95},[64,39278,2229],{"class":140},[64,39280,1737],{"class":95},[816,39282,39284,39285,2839,39287,39289],{"id":39283},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[61,39286,3567],{},[61,39288,3635],{}," clearly",[14,39291,39292],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39294,39295],{},"Good example:",[54,39297,39299],{"className":56,"code":39298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[61,39300,39301,39314],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39302,39303,39305,39308,39310,39312],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39304,34809],{"class":2029},[64,39306,39307],{"class":34812}," is_positive",[64,39309,144],{"class":95},[64,39311,2204],{"class":37619},[64,39313,8312],{"class":95},[64,39315,39316,39318,39320,39322],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39317,34820],{"class":70},[64,39319,6356],{"class":74},[64,39321,4217],{"class":91},[64,39323,38470],{"class":99},[14,39325,39326],{},"Then use it with:",[54,39328,39330],{"className":56,"code":39329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[61,39331,39332,39364],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39333,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39335,1161],{"class":74},[64,39337,92],{"class":91},[64,39339,112],{"class":95},[64,39341,1986],{"class":91},[64,39343,2021],{"class":99},[64,39345,103],{"class":95},[64,39347,2186],{"class":91},[64,39349,100],{"class":99},[64,39351,103],{"class":95},[64,39353,3797],{"class":99},[64,39355,103],{"class":95},[64,39357,5465],{"class":99},[64,39359,103],{"class":95},[64,39361,106],{"class":99},[64,39363,746],{"class":95},[64,39365,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39381,39383,39385],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39367,212],{"class":211},[64,39369,144],{"class":95},[64,39371,8064],{"class":1778},[64,39373,144],{"class":95},[64,39375,37559],{"class":211},[64,39377,144],{"class":95},[64,39379,39380],{"class":140},"is_positive",[64,39382,103],{"class":95},[64,39384,1191],{"class":140},[64,39386,2873],{"class":95},[14,39388,2035],{},[54,39390,39392],{"className":56,"code":39391,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2]\n",[61,39393,39394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39395,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39397,184],{"class":95},[64,39399,100],{"class":99},[64,39401,103],{"class":95},[64,39403,106],{"class":99},[64,39405,746],{"class":95},[816,39407,39409],{"id":39408},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39411,39412],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[54,39414,39415],{"className":56,"code":38154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,39416,39417,39459,39463,39477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39418,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39420,2194],{"class":74},[64,39422,92],{"class":91},[64,39424,37611],{"class":211},[64,39426,144],{"class":95},[64,39428,37616],{"class":2029},[64,39430,37620],{"class":37619},[64,39432,1117],{"class":95},[64,39434,3844],{"class":140},[64,39436,4217],{"class":91},[64,39438,106],{"class":99},[64,39440,103],{"class":95},[64,39442,112],{"class":95},[64,39444,100],{"class":99},[64,39446,103],{"class":95},[64,39448,106],{"class":99},[64,39450,103],{"class":95},[64,39452,743],{"class":99},[64,39454,103],{"class":95},[64,39456,120],{"class":99},[64,39458,393],{"class":95},[64,39460,39461],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39462,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,39464,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,39466,212],{"class":211},[64,39468,144],{"class":95},[64,39470,8064],{"class":1778},[64,39472,144],{"class":95},[64,39474,2229],{"class":140},[64,39476,1737],{"class":95},[64,39478,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,39480,212],{"class":211},[64,39482,144],{"class":95},[64,39484,8064],{"class":1778},[64,39486,144],{"class":95},[64,39488,2229],{"class":140},[64,39490,1737],{"class":95},[14,39492,2035],{},[54,39494,39495],{"className":56,"code":38235,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,39496,39497,39509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39498,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39500,184],{"class":95},[64,39502,115],{"class":99},[64,39504,103],{"class":95},[64,39506,120],{"class":99},[64,39508,746],{"class":95},[64,39510,39511],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39512,38254],{"class":95},[14,39514,39515],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[54,39517,39519],{"className":56,"code":39518,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[61,39520,39521,39567,39571,39581],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39522,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559,39561,39563,39565],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39524,2194],{"class":74},[64,39526,92],{"class":91},[64,39528,22513],{"class":1778},[64,39530,144],{"class":95},[64,39532,37559],{"class":211},[64,39534,144],{"class":95},[64,39536,37616],{"class":2029},[64,39538,37620],{"class":37619},[64,39540,1117],{"class":95},[64,39542,3844],{"class":140},[64,39544,4217],{"class":91},[64,39546,106],{"class":99},[64,39548,103],{"class":95},[64,39550,112],{"class":95},[64,39552,100],{"class":99},[64,39554,103],{"class":95},[64,39556,106],{"class":99},[64,39558,103],{"class":95},[64,39560,743],{"class":99},[64,39562,103],{"class":95},[64,39564,120],{"class":99},[64,39566,1769],{"class":95},[64,39568,39569],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39570,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,39572,39573,39575,39577,39579],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,39574,212],{"class":211},[64,39576,144],{"class":95},[64,39578,2229],{"class":140},[64,39580,150],{"class":95},[64,39582,39583,39585,39587,39589],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,39584,212],{"class":211},[64,39586,144],{"class":95},[64,39588,2229],{"class":140},[64,39590,150],{"class":95},[816,39592,39594],{"id":39593},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39596,39597],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39599,16596],{},[54,39601,39603],{"className":56,"code":39602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[61,39604,39605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39606,39607],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39608,39602],{"class":222},[14,39610,39611,39612,6518],{},"This causes an error because ",[61,39613,1432],{},[14,39615,16608],{},[54,39617,39619],{"className":56,"code":39618,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[61,39620,39621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39622,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39624,212],{"class":211},[64,39626,144],{"class":95},[64,39628,8064],{"class":1778},[64,39630,144],{"class":95},[64,39632,37559],{"class":211},[64,39634,144],{"class":95},[64,39636,37616],{"class":2029},[64,39638,37620],{"class":37619},[64,39640,1117],{"class":95},[64,39642,3844],{"class":140},[64,39644,4217],{"class":91},[64,39646,106],{"class":99},[64,39648,103],{"class":95},[64,39650,112],{"class":95},[64,39652,100],{"class":99},[64,39654,103],{"class":95},[64,39656,106],{"class":99},[64,39658,103],{"class":95},[64,39660,743],{"class":99},[64,39662,103],{"class":95},[64,39664,120],{"class":99},[64,39666,37222],{"class":95},[816,39668,37161,39670,8675,39672],{"id":39669},"confusing-filter-with-map",[61,39671,37533],{},[61,39673,39674],{},"map()",[21,39676,39677,39682],{},[24,39678,39679,39681],{},[61,39680,37533],{}," keeps or removes items",[24,39683,39684,39686],{},[61,39685,39674],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39688,39689,39690,1117],{},"Example of ",[61,39691,37533],{},[54,39693,39695],{"className":56,"code":39694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[61,39696,39697,39721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39698,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39700,1161],{"class":74},[64,39702,92],{"class":91},[64,39704,112],{"class":95},[64,39706,100],{"class":99},[64,39708,103],{"class":95},[64,39710,106],{"class":99},[64,39712,103],{"class":95},[64,39714,743],{"class":99},[64,39716,103],{"class":95},[64,39718,120],{"class":99},[64,39720,746],{"class":95},[64,39722,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39724,212],{"class":211},[64,39726,144],{"class":95},[64,39728,8064],{"class":1778},[64,39730,144],{"class":95},[64,39732,37559],{"class":211},[64,39734,144],{"class":95},[64,39736,37616],{"class":2029},[64,39738,37620],{"class":37619},[64,39740,1117],{"class":95},[64,39742,3844],{"class":140},[64,39744,4217],{"class":91},[64,39746,106],{"class":99},[64,39748,103],{"class":95},[64,39750,1191],{"class":140},[64,39752,2873],{"class":95},[14,39754,2035],{},[54,39756,39758],{"className":56,"code":39757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 4]\n",[61,39759,39760],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39761,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39763,184],{"class":95},[64,39765,115],{"class":99},[64,39767,103],{"class":95},[64,39769,120],{"class":99},[64,39771,746],{"class":95},[14,39773,39689,39774,1117],{},[61,39775,39674],{},[54,39777,39779],{"className":56,"code":39778,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[61,39780,39781,39805],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39782,39783,39785,39787,39789,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799,39801,39803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39784,1161],{"class":74},[64,39786,92],{"class":91},[64,39788,112],{"class":95},[64,39790,100],{"class":99},[64,39792,103],{"class":95},[64,39794,106],{"class":99},[64,39796,103],{"class":95},[64,39798,743],{"class":99},[64,39800,103],{"class":95},[64,39802,120],{"class":99},[64,39804,746],{"class":95},[64,39806,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39831,39833,39835,39837],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,39808,212],{"class":211},[64,39810,144],{"class":95},[64,39812,8064],{"class":1778},[64,39814,144],{"class":95},[64,39816,39817],{"class":211},"map",[64,39819,144],{"class":95},[64,39821,37616],{"class":2029},[64,39823,37620],{"class":37619},[64,39825,1117],{"class":95},[64,39827,3844],{"class":140},[64,39829,39830],{"class":91},"*",[64,39832,106],{"class":99},[64,39834,103],{"class":95},[64,39836,1191],{"class":140},[64,39838,2873],{"class":95},[14,39840,2035],{},[54,39842,39844],{"className":56,"code":39843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[61,39845,39846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,39847,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39849,184],{"class":95},[64,39851,2021],{"class":99},[64,39853,103],{"class":95},[64,39855,120],{"class":99},[64,39857,103],{"class":95},[64,39859,390],{"class":99},[64,39861,103],{"class":95},[64,39863,6329],{"class":99},[64,39865,746],{"class":95},[14,39867,39868,39869,137],{},"For the related function, see ",[543,39870,1877,39872,3472],{"href":39871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[61,39873,39674],{},[49,39875,1826],{"id":1825},[816,39877,12670,39879,39881],{"id":39878},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[61,39880,37533],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39883,39884,39885,39887],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[61,39886,24735],{}," if needed.",[816,39889,39891,39892,39894],{"id":39890},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[61,39893,37533],{}," need to return?",[14,39896,37839,39897,39899,39900,39902],{},[61,39898,3567],{}," to keep an item and ",[61,39901,3635],{}," to remove it.",[816,39904,28282,39906,39908],{"id":39905},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[61,39907,37533],{}," without lambda?",[14,39910,39911],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[816,39913,5107,39915,39918],{"id":39914},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[61,39916,39917],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39920,39921,39922,39924,39925,17025,39927,137],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[61,39923,187],{},", empty strings, ",[61,39926,3741],{},[61,39928,3635],{},[816,39930,21373,39932,39934],{"id":39931},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[61,39933,37533],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39936,39937,39938,39940],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[61,39939,5926],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39942,39943],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[21,39945,39946,39952,39958],{},[24,39947,39948,39949,39951],{},"use ",[61,39950,37533],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[24,39953,39954,39955,39957],{},"use a ",[61,39956,5926],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[24,39959,39960],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39962,39963,39964,137],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[543,39965,5097],{"href":39966},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[49,39968,1865],{"id":1864},[21,39970,39971,39976,39980,39985,39991],{},[24,39972,39973],{},[543,39974,39975],{"href":38411},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[24,39977,39978],{},[543,39979,5187],{"href":39966},[24,39981,39982],{},[543,39983,39984],{"href":39140},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[24,39986,39987],{},[543,39988,1877,39989,3472],{"href":39871},[61,39990,39674],{},[24,39992,39993],{},[543,39994,5182],{"href":5554},[1898,39996,39997],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":39999},[40000,40001,40003,40007,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40028,40040],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":37666,"depth":78,"text":40002},"What filter() does",{"id":37800,"depth":78,"text":37801,"children":40004},[40005,40006],{"id":37817,"depth":85,"text":37817},{"id":3683,"depth":85,"text":3683},{"id":37976,"depth":78,"text":37977,"children":40008},[40009],{"id":38147,"depth":85,"text":38148},{"id":38260,"depth":78,"text":40011},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38415,"depth":78,"text":40013},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38577,"depth":78,"text":40015},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38757,"depth":78,"text":40017},"When to use filter()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":40019},[40020,40022,40024,40025,40026],{"id":39150,"depth":85,"text":40021},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39283,"depth":85,"text":40023},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39408,"depth":85,"text":39409},{"id":39593,"depth":85,"text":39594},{"id":39669,"depth":85,"text":40027},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":40029},[40030,40032,40034,40036,40038],{"id":39878,"depth":85,"text":40031},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39890,"depth":85,"text":40033},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39905,"depth":85,"text":40035},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39914,"depth":85,"text":40037},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39931,"depth":85,"text":40039},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37525,"description":40041},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40048,"title":40049,"body":40050,"description":42203,"extension":1927,"meta":42204,"navigation":81,"path":42205,"seo":42206,"stem":42207,"__hash__":42208},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40051,"toc":42157},[40052,40055,40060,40066,40068,40120,40122,40141,40146,40150,40155,40158,40173,40176,40198,40200,40249,40251,40275,40277,40279,40294,40299,40307,40322,40324,40333,40336,40371,40375,40380,40384,40391,40426,40428,40444,40448,40451,40492,40494,40508,40512,40515,40539,40541,40550,40554,40557,40590,40592,40605,40609,40615,40634,40636,40644,40648,40653,40657,40663,40686,40688,40717,40720,40739,40743,40746,40773,40775,40809,40813,40816,40840,40844,40855,40857,40862,40868,40870,40954,40956,40998,41001,41005,41012,41021,41077,41084,41093,41098,41102,41173,41175,41184,41188,41191,41235,41237,41246,41250,41256,41306,41310,41315,41319,41343,41345,41354,41358,41382,41384,41395,41399,41423,41425,41434,41437,41454,41460,41464,41470,41473,41478,41481,41502,41504,41536,41539,41544,41546,41557,41559,41603,41607,41614,41666,41668,41677,41681,41684,41777,41780,41804,41808,41811,41903,41908,41912,41919,41924,41948,41950,41959,41964,41987,41989,41997,42004,42027,42035,42037,42050,42060,42062,42066,42073,42077,42086,42090,42097,42101,42105,42109,42122,42124,42154],[10,40053,40049],{"id":40054},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40056,9094,40057,40059],{},[61,40058,2845],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40061,40062,40063,40065],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[61,40064,2845],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[49,40067,52],{"id":51},[54,40069,40071],{"className":56,"code":40070,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[61,40072,40073,40087,40106],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40074,40075,40077,40079,40081,40083,40085],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40076,212],{"class":211},[64,40078,144],{"class":95},[64,40080,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40082,144],{"class":95},[64,40084,385],{"class":99},[64,40086,1737],{"class":95},[64,40088,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099,40102,40104],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40090,212],{"class":211},[64,40092,144],{"class":95},[64,40094,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40096,144],{"class":95},[64,40098,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40100,40101],{"class":1422},"3.14",[64,40103,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40105,1737],{"class":95},[64,40107,40108,40110,40112,40114,40116,40118],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,40109,212],{"class":211},[64,40111,144],{"class":95},[64,40113,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40115,144],{"class":95},[64,40117,3567],{"class":3816},[64,40119,1737],{"class":95},[14,40121,2035],{},[54,40123,40125],{"className":56,"code":40124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[61,40126,40127,40131,40136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40128,40129],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40130,2443],{"class":99},[64,40132,40133],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40134,40135],{"class":99},"3.14\n",[64,40137,40138],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,40139,40140],{"class":99},"1.0\n",[14,40142,256,40143,40145],{},[61,40144,2845],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[49,40147,40149],{"id":40148},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40151,40152,40154],{},[61,40153,2845],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40156,40157],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[21,40159,40160,40164,40168],{},[24,40161,40162],{},[61,40163,2455],{},[24,40165,40166],{},[61,40167,40101],{},[24,40169,40170],{},[61,40171,40172],{},"0.5",[14,40174,40175],{},"A few key points:",[21,40177,40178,40185,40188,40191],{},[24,40179,40180,40182,40183],{},[61,40181,2845],{}," returns a value of type ",[61,40184,2156],{},[24,40186,40187],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[24,40189,40190],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[24,40192,40193,40194],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[543,40195,40196],{"href":8189},[61,40197,2919],{},[14,40199,318],{},[54,40201,40203],{"className":56,"code":40202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[61,40204,40205,40225,40235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40206,40207,40209,40211,40214,40216,40218,40221,40223],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40208,2181],{"class":74},[64,40210,92],{"class":91},[64,40212,40213],{"class":1778}," float",[64,40215,144],{"class":95},[64,40217,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40219,40220],{"class":1422},"2.75",[64,40222,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40224,150],{"class":95},[64,40226,40227,40229,40231,40233],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40228,212],{"class":211},[64,40230,144],{"class":95},[64,40232,2204],{"class":140},[64,40234,150],{"class":95},[64,40236,40237,40239,40241,40243,40245,40247],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,40238,212],{"class":211},[64,40240,144],{"class":95},[64,40242,1779],{"class":1778},[64,40244,144],{"class":95},[64,40246,2204],{"class":140},[64,40248,1737],{"class":95},[14,40250,2035],{},[54,40252,40254],{"className":56,"code":40253,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[61,40255,40256,40261],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40257,40258],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40259,40260],{"class":99},"2.75\n",[64,40262,40263,40265,40267,40269,40271,40273],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40264,3250],{"class":91},[64,40266,3253],{"class":2029},[64,40268,3256],{"class":1418},[64,40270,2156],{"class":1422},[64,40272,3261],{"class":1418},[64,40274,3264],{"class":91},[49,40276,2120],{"id":2119},[14,40278,7186],{},[54,40280,40282],{"className":56,"code":40281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"float(value)\n",[61,40283,40284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40285,40286,40288,40290,40292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40287,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40289,144],{"class":95},[64,40291,2436],{"class":140},[64,40293,150],{"class":95},[14,40295,40296,40297,137],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[61,40298,2845],{},[14,40300,40301,40302,40304,40305,1117],{},"If you call ",[61,40303,2845],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[61,40306,3731],{},[54,40308,40310],{"className":56,"code":40309,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float())\n",[61,40311,40312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40313,40314,40316,40318,40320],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40315,212],{"class":211},[64,40317,144],{"class":95},[64,40319,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40321,7162],{"class":95},[14,40323,2035],{},[54,40325,40327],{"className":56,"code":40326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0.0\n",[61,40328,40329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40330,40331],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40332,40326],{"class":99},[14,40334,40335],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[54,40337,40339],{"className":56,"code":40338,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[61,40340,40341,40361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40342,40343,40346,40348,40350,40352,40354,40357,40359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40344,40345],{"class":74},"price ",[64,40347,92],{"class":91},[64,40349,40213],{"class":1778},[64,40351,144],{"class":95},[64,40353,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40355,40356],{"class":1422},"19.99",[64,40358,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40360,150],{"class":95},[64,40362,40363,40365,40367,40369],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40364,212],{"class":211},[64,40366,144],{"class":95},[64,40368,25104],{"class":140},[64,40370,150],{"class":95},[49,40372,40374],{"id":40373},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40376,40377,40379],{},[61,40378,2845],{}," can convert several common value types.",[816,40381,40383],{"id":40382},"integers","Integers",[14,40385,40386,40387,40390],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[61,40388,40389],{},".0"," added:",[54,40392,40394],{"className":56,"code":40393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[61,40395,40396,40410],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40397,40398,40400,40402,40404,40406,40408],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40399,212],{"class":211},[64,40401,144],{"class":95},[64,40403,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40405,144],{"class":95},[64,40407,385],{"class":99},[64,40409,1737],{"class":95},[64,40411,40412,40414,40416,40418,40420,40422,40424],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40413,212],{"class":211},[64,40415,144],{"class":95},[64,40417,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40419,144],{"class":95},[64,40421,1986],{"class":91},[64,40423,2021],{"class":99},[64,40425,1737],{"class":95},[14,40427,2035],{},[54,40429,40431],{"className":56,"code":40430,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[61,40432,40433,40437],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40434,40435],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40436,2443],{"class":99},[64,40438,40439,40441],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40440,1986],{"class":91},[64,40442,40443],{"class":99},"2.0\n",[816,40445,40447],{"id":40446},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40449,40450],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[54,40452,40454],{"className":56,"code":40453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[61,40455,40456,40474],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40457,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470,40472],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40459,212],{"class":211},[64,40461,144],{"class":95},[64,40463,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40465,144],{"class":95},[64,40467,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40469,40101],{"class":1422},[64,40471,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40473,1737],{"class":95},[64,40475,40476,40478,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40477,212],{"class":211},[64,40479,144],{"class":95},[64,40481,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40483,144],{"class":95},[64,40485,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40487,1432],{"class":1422},[64,40489,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40491,1737],{"class":95},[14,40493,2035],{},[54,40495,40497],{"className":56,"code":40496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n10.0\n",[61,40498,40499,40503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40500,40501],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40502,40135],{"class":99},[64,40504,40505],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40506,40507],{"class":99},"10.0\n",[816,40509,40511],{"id":40510},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40513,40514],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[54,40516,40518],{"className":56,"code":40517,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[61,40519,40520],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40521,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532,40535,40537],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40523,212],{"class":211},[64,40525,144],{"class":95},[64,40527,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40529,144],{"class":95},[64,40531,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40533,40534],{"class":1422},"  8.5  ",[64,40536,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40538,1737],{"class":95},[14,40540,2035],{},[54,40542,40544],{"className":56,"code":40543,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8.5\n",[61,40545,40546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40547,40548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40549,40543],{"class":99},[816,40551,40553],{"id":40552},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40555,40556],{},"Boolean values also work:",[54,40558,40560],{"className":56,"code":40559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[61,40561,40562,40576],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40563,40564,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40565,212],{"class":211},[64,40567,144],{"class":95},[64,40569,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40571,144],{"class":95},[64,40573,3567],{"class":3816},[64,40575,1737],{"class":95},[64,40577,40578,40580,40582,40584,40586,40588],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40579,212],{"class":211},[64,40581,144],{"class":95},[64,40583,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40585,144],{"class":95},[64,40587,3635],{"class":3816},[64,40589,1737],{"class":95},[14,40591,2035],{},[54,40593,40595],{"className":56,"code":40594,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1.0\n0.0\n",[61,40596,40597,40601],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40598,40599],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40600,40140],{"class":99},[64,40602,40603],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40604,40326],{"class":99},[816,40606,40608],{"id":40607},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40610,40611,40612,40614],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[61,40613,2845],{}," returns a float version of it:",[54,40616,40618],{"className":56,"code":40617,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(4.2))\n",[61,40619,40620],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40621,40622,40624,40626,40628,40630,40632],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40623,212],{"class":211},[64,40625,144],{"class":95},[64,40627,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40629,144],{"class":95},[64,40631,2326],{"class":99},[64,40633,1737],{"class":95},[14,40635,2035],{},[54,40637,40638],{"className":56,"code":2350,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,40639,40640],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40641,40642],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40643,2350],{"class":99},[49,40645,40647],{"id":40646},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40649,40650,40651,137],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[61,40652,2845],{},[816,40654,40656],{"id":40655},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40658,40659,40660,1117],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[61,40661,40662],{},"ValueError",[54,40664,40666],{"className":56,"code":40665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[61,40667,40668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40669,40670,40672,40674,40676,40678,40680,40682,40684],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40671,212],{"class":211},[64,40673,144],{"class":95},[64,40675,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40677,144],{"class":95},[64,40679,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40681,3809],{"class":1422},[64,40683,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40685,1737],{"class":95},[14,40687,29635],{},[54,40689,40691],{"className":56,"code":40690,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[61,40692,40693],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40694,40695,40697,40699,40702,40704,40707,40709,40711,40713,40715],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40696,40662],{"class":1778},[64,40698,1117],{"class":95},[64,40700,40701],{"class":74}," could ",[64,40703,300],{"class":91},[64,40705,40706],{"class":74}," convert string to ",[64,40708,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40710,1117],{"class":95},[64,40712,3256],{"class":1418},[64,40714,3809],{"class":1422},[64,40716,29654],{"class":1418},[14,40718,40719],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[54,40721,40723],{"className":56,"code":40722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[61,40724,40725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40726,40727,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40728,212],{"class":211},[64,40730,144],{"class":95},[64,40732,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40734,144],{"class":95},[64,40736,6241],{"class":1418},[64,40738,1737],{"class":95},[816,40740,40742],{"id":40741},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40744,40745],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[54,40747,40749],{"className":56,"code":40748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[61,40750,40751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40752,40753,40755,40757,40759,40761,40763,40765,40767,40769,40771],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40754,212],{"class":211},[64,40756,144],{"class":95},[64,40758,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40760,382],{"class":95},[64,40762,100],{"class":99},[64,40764,103],{"class":95},[64,40766,106],{"class":99},[64,40768,103],{"class":95},[64,40770,743],{"class":99},[64,40772,1769],{"class":95},[14,40774,29635],{},[54,40776,40778],{"className":56,"code":40777,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[61,40779,40780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40781,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790,40793,40796,40799,40801,40803,40805,40807],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40783,2964],{"class":1778},[64,40785,1117],{"class":95},[64,40787,40213],{"class":1778},[64,40789,7334],{"class":95},[64,40791,40792],{"class":74}," argument must be a string ",[64,40794,40795],{"class":91},"or",[64,40797,40798],{"class":74}," a real number",[64,40800,103],{"class":95},[64,40802,8069],{"class":91},[64,40804,3256],{"class":1418},[64,40806,8064],{"class":1422},[64,40808,29654],{"class":1418},[816,40810,40812],{"id":40811},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40814,40815],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[54,40817,40819],{"className":56,"code":40818,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[61,40820,40821],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40822,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831,40833,40836,40838],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40824,212],{"class":211},[64,40826,144],{"class":95},[64,40828,2156],{"class":1778},[64,40830,144],{"class":95},[64,40832,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40834,40835],{"class":1422},"3,14",[64,40837,1419],{"class":1418},[64,40839,1737],{"class":95},[14,40841,2961,40842,137],{},[61,40843,40662],{},[14,40845,40846,40847,40,40851,137],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[543,40848,40850],{"href":40849},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[543,40852,40854],{"href":40853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[49,40856,17372],{"id":17371},[14,40858,40859,40861],{},[61,40860,2845],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40863,40864,40865,40867],{},"It does ",[37,40866,300],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40869,318],{},[54,40871,40873],{"className":56,"code":40872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[61,40874,40875,40888,40902,40906,40916,40926,40940],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40876,40877,40879,40881,40883,40886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40878,34645],{"class":74},[64,40880,92],{"class":91},[64,40882,3315],{"class":1418},[64,40884,40885],{"class":1422},"6.5",[64,40887,3321],{"class":1418},[64,40889,40890,40892,40894,40896,40898,40900],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40891,2181],{"class":74},[64,40893,92],{"class":91},[64,40895,40213],{"class":1778},[64,40897,144],{"class":95},[64,40899,34666],{"class":140},[64,40901,150],{"class":95},[64,40903,40904],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,40905,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,40907,40908,40910,40912,40914],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,40909,212],{"class":211},[64,40911,144],{"class":95},[64,40913,34666],{"class":140},[64,40915,150],{"class":95},[64,40917,40918,40920,40922,40924],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,40919,212],{"class":211},[64,40921,144],{"class":95},[64,40923,2204],{"class":140},[64,40925,150],{"class":95},[64,40927,40928,40930,40932,40934,40936,40938],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,40929,212],{"class":211},[64,40931,144],{"class":95},[64,40933,1779],{"class":1778},[64,40935,144],{"class":95},[64,40937,34666],{"class":140},[64,40939,1737],{"class":95},[64,40941,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950,40952],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,40943,212],{"class":211},[64,40945,144],{"class":95},[64,40947,1779],{"class":1778},[64,40949,144],{"class":95},[64,40951,2204],{"class":140},[64,40953,1737],{"class":95},[14,40955,2035],{},[54,40957,40959],{"className":56,"code":40958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[61,40960,40961,40966,40970,40984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,40962,40963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40964,40965],{"class":99},"6.5\n",[64,40967,40968],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,40969,40965],{"class":99},[64,40971,40972,40974,40976,40978,40980,40982],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,40973,3250],{"class":91},[64,40975,3253],{"class":2029},[64,40977,3256],{"class":1418},[64,40979,3406],{"class":1422},[64,40981,3261],{"class":1418},[64,40983,3264],{"class":91},[64,40985,40986,40988,40990,40992,40994,40996],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,40987,3250],{"class":91},[64,40989,3253],{"class":2029},[64,40991,3256],{"class":1418},[64,40993,2156],{"class":1422},[64,40995,3261],{"class":1418},[64,40997,3264],{"class":91},[14,40999,41000],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[49,41002,41004],{"id":41003},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[816,41006,41008,41009,41011],{"id":41007},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[61,41010,2919],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41013,1944,41014,41018,41019,137],{},[543,41015,41016,2267],{"href":8189},[61,41017,2919],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[61,41020,2845],{},[54,41022,41024],{"className":56,"code":41023,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[61,41025,41026,41045,41059,41063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41027,41028,41030,41032,41034,41036,41038,41041,41043],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41029,8207],{"class":74},[64,41031,92],{"class":91},[64,41033,8212],{"class":211},[64,41035,144],{"class":95},[64,41037,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41039,41040],{"class":1422},"Enter a price: ",[64,41042,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41044,150],{"class":95},[64,41046,41047,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41048,40345],{"class":74},[64,41050,92],{"class":91},[64,41052,40213],{"class":1778},[64,41054,144],{"class":95},[64,41056,8236],{"class":140},[64,41058,150],{"class":95},[64,41060,41061],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,41062,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41064,41065,41067,41069,41071,41073,41075],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,41066,212],{"class":211},[64,41068,144],{"class":95},[64,41070,40345],{"class":140},[64,41072,39830],{"class":91},[64,41074,106],{"class":99},[64,41076,150],{"class":95},[14,41078,41079,41080,41083],{},"If the user enters ",[61,41081,41082],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[54,41085,41087],{"className":56,"code":41086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"9.0\n",[61,41088,41089],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41090,41091],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41092,41086],{"class":99},[14,41094,41095,41096,137],{},"For more help with this, see ",[543,41097,8952],{"href":8951},[816,41099,41101],{"id":41100},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[54,41103,41105],{"className":56,"code":41104,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[61,41106,41107,41120,41133,41137,41162],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41108,41109,41111,41113,41115,41118],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41110,1186],{"class":74},[64,41112,92],{"class":91},[64,41114,3315],{"class":1418},[64,41116,41117],{"class":1422},"2.5",[64,41119,3321],{"class":1418},[64,41121,41122,41124,41126,41128,41131],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41123,1202],{"class":74},[64,41125,92],{"class":91},[64,41127,3315],{"class":1418},[64,41129,41130],{"class":1422},"1.5",[64,41132,3321],{"class":1418},[64,41134,41135],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,41136,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41138,41139,41142,41144,41146,41148,41150,41152,41154,41156,41158,41160],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,41140,41141],{"class":74},"total ",[64,41143,92],{"class":91},[64,41145,40213],{"class":1778},[64,41147,144],{"class":95},[64,41149,543],{"class":140},[64,41151,219],{"class":95},[64,41153,2418],{"class":91},[64,41155,40213],{"class":1778},[64,41157,144],{"class":95},[64,41159,1235],{"class":140},[64,41161,150],{"class":95},[64,41163,41164,41166,41168,41171],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,41165,212],{"class":211},[64,41167,144],{"class":95},[64,41169,41170],{"class":140},"total",[64,41172,150],{"class":95},[14,41174,2035],{},[54,41176,41178],{"className":56,"code":41177,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4.0\n",[61,41179,41180],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41181,41182],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41183,41177],{"class":99},[816,41185,41187],{"id":41186},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41189,41190],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[54,41192,41194],{"className":56,"code":41193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,41195,41196,41206,41221,41225],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41197,41198,41201,41203],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41199,41200],{"class":74},"count ",[64,41202,92],{"class":91},[64,41204,41205],{"class":99}," 7\n",[64,41207,41208,41210,41212,41214,41216,41219],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41209,2194],{"class":74},[64,41211,92],{"class":91},[64,41213,40213],{"class":1778},[64,41215,144],{"class":95},[64,41217,41218],{"class":140},"count",[64,41220,150],{"class":95},[64,41222,41223],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,41224,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41226,41227,41229,41231,41233],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,41228,212],{"class":211},[64,41230,144],{"class":95},[64,41232,2229],{"class":140},[64,41234,150],{"class":95},[14,41236,2035],{},[54,41238,41240],{"className":56,"code":41239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.0\n",[61,41241,41242],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41243,41244],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41245,41239],{"class":99},[816,41247,41249],{"id":41248},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41251,41252,41253,41255],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[61,41254,2845],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[54,41257,41259],{"className":56,"code":41258,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[61,41260,41261,41275,41291,41295],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41262,41263,41266,41268,41270,41273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41264,41265],{"class":74},"temperature_text ",[64,41267,92],{"class":91},[64,41269,3315],{"class":1418},[64,41271,41272],{"class":1422},"21.8",[64,41274,3321],{"class":1418},[64,41276,41277,41280,41282,41284,41286,41289],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41278,41279],{"class":74},"temperature ",[64,41281,92],{"class":91},[64,41283,40213],{"class":1778},[64,41285,144],{"class":95},[64,41287,41288],{"class":140},"temperature_text",[64,41290,150],{"class":95},[64,41292,41293],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,41294,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41296,41297,41299,41301,41304],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,41298,212],{"class":211},[64,41300,144],{"class":95},[64,41302,41303],{"class":140},"temperature",[64,41305,150],{"class":95},[49,41307,41309],{"id":41308},"special-values","Special values",[14,41311,41312,41314],{},[61,41313,2845],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[816,41316,41318],{"id":41317},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[54,41320,41322],{"className":56,"code":41321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[61,41323,41324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41325,41326,41328,41330,41332,41334,41336,41339,41341],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41327,212],{"class":211},[64,41329,144],{"class":95},[64,41331,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41333,144],{"class":95},[64,41335,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41337,41338],{"class":1422},"inf",[64,41340,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41342,1737],{"class":95},[14,41344,2035],{},[54,41346,41348],{"className":56,"code":41347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"inf\n",[61,41349,41350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41351,41352],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41353,41347],{"class":74},[816,41355,41357],{"id":41356},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[54,41359,41361],{"className":56,"code":41360,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[61,41362,41363],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41364,41365,41367,41369,41371,41373,41375,41378,41380],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41366,212],{"class":211},[64,41368,144],{"class":95},[64,41370,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41372,144],{"class":95},[64,41374,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41376,41377],{"class":1422},"-inf",[64,41379,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41381,1737],{"class":95},[14,41383,2035],{},[54,41385,41387],{"className":56,"code":41386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"-inf\n",[61,41388,41389],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41390,41391,41393],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41392,1986],{"class":91},[64,41394,41347],{"class":74},[816,41396,41398],{"id":41397},"not-a-number","Not a number",[54,41400,41402],{"className":56,"code":41401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[61,41403,41404],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41405,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41416,41419,41421],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41407,212],{"class":211},[64,41409,144],{"class":95},[64,41411,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41413,144],{"class":95},[64,41415,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41417,41418],{"class":1422},"nan",[64,41420,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41422,1737],{"class":95},[14,41424,2035],{},[54,41426,41428],{"className":56,"code":41427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nan\n",[61,41429,41430],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41431,41432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41433,41427],{"class":74},[14,41435,41436],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[21,41438,41439,41444,41449],{},[24,41440,41441,41443],{},[61,41442,41338],{}," means positive infinity",[24,41445,41446,41448],{},[61,41447,41377],{}," means negative infinity",[24,41450,41451,41453],{},[61,41452,41418],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41455,41456,41457,41459],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[61,41458,2845],{}," accepts them.",[49,41461,41463],{"id":41462},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41465,41466,41467,41469],{},"The most common problems with ",[61,41468,2845],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[816,41471,40662],{"id":41472},"valueerror",[14,41474,294,41475,41477],{},[61,41476,40662],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41479,41480],{},"Common causes:",[21,41482,41483,41489,41492,41495],{},[24,41484,41485,41486],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[61,41487,41488],{},"\"abc\"",[24,41490,41491],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[24,41493,41494],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[24,41496,4668,41497],{},[543,41498,41499,41501],{"href":8189},[61,41500,2919],{}," returns a string",[14,41503,318],{},[54,41505,41507],{"className":56,"code":41506,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[61,41508,41509,41522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41510,41511,41513,41515,41517,41520],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41512,2411],{"class":74},[64,41514,92],{"class":91},[64,41516,3315],{"class":1418},[64,41518,41519],{"class":1422},"abc",[64,41521,3321],{"class":1418},[64,41523,41524,41526,41528,41530,41532,41534],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41525,212],{"class":211},[64,41527,144],{"class":95},[64,41529,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41531,144],{"class":95},[64,41533,2436],{"class":140},[64,41535,1737],{"class":95},[816,41537,2964],{"id":41538},"typeerror",[14,41540,294,41541,41543],{},[61,41542,2964],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41545,41480],{},[21,41547,41548,41551,41554],{},[24,41549,41550],{},"Passing a list",[24,41552,41553],{},"Passing a dictionary",[24,41555,41556],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41558,318],{},[54,41560,41562],{"className":56,"code":41561,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[61,41563,41564,41589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41565,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574,41576,41578,41580,41582,41585,41587],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41567,2411],{"class":74},[64,41569,92],{"class":91},[64,41571,1415],{"class":95},[64,41573,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41575,25104],{"class":1422},[64,41577,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41579,1117],{"class":95},[64,41581,3315],{"class":1418},[64,41583,41584],{"class":1422},"9.99",[64,41586,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41588,9280],{"class":95},[64,41590,41591,41593,41595,41597,41599,41601],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41592,212],{"class":211},[64,41594,144],{"class":95},[64,41596,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41598,144],{"class":95},[64,41600,2436],{"class":140},[64,41602,1737],{"class":95},[816,41604,41606],{"id":41605},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41608,41609,41610,41613],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[61,41611,41612],{},"strip()"," can help:",[54,41615,41617],{"className":56,"code":41616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[61,41618,41619,41632,41647,41651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41620,41621,41623,41625,41627,41630],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41622,2411],{"class":74},[64,41624,92],{"class":91},[64,41626,3315],{"class":1418},[64,41628,41629],{"class":1422},"  7.25  ",[64,41631,3321],{"class":1418},[64,41633,41634,41637,41639,41641,41643,41645],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41635,41636],{"class":74},"clean_value ",[64,41638,92],{"class":91},[64,41640,8403],{"class":74},[64,41642,137],{"class":95},[64,41644,8605],{"class":140},[64,41646,366],{"class":95},[64,41648,41649],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,41650,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41652,41653,41655,41657,41659,41661,41664],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,41654,212],{"class":211},[64,41656,144],{"class":95},[64,41658,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41660,144],{"class":95},[64,41662,41663],{"class":140},"clean_value",[64,41665,1737],{"class":95},[14,41667,2035],{},[54,41669,41671],{"className":56,"code":41670,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.25\n",[61,41672,41673],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41674,41675],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41676,41670],{"class":99},[816,41678,41680],{"id":41679},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41682,41683],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[54,41685,41687],{"className":56,"code":41686,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[61,41688,41689,41702,41706,41716,41730,41745,41749,41763],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41690,41691,41693,41695,41697,41700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41692,2411],{"class":74},[64,41694,92],{"class":91},[64,41696,3315],{"class":1418},[64,41698,41699],{"class":1422}," 3.5 ",[64,41701,3321],{"class":1418},[64,41703,41704],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41705,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41707,41708,41710,41712,41714],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,41709,212],{"class":211},[64,41711,144],{"class":95},[64,41713,2436],{"class":140},[64,41715,150],{"class":95},[64,41717,41718,41720,41722,41724,41726,41728],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,41719,212],{"class":211},[64,41721,144],{"class":95},[64,41723,1779],{"class":1778},[64,41725,144],{"class":95},[64,41727,2436],{"class":140},[64,41729,1737],{"class":95},[64,41731,41732,41734,41736,41739,41741,41743],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,41733,212],{"class":211},[64,41735,144],{"class":95},[64,41737,41738],{"class":211},"repr",[64,41740,144],{"class":95},[64,41742,2436],{"class":140},[64,41744,1737],{"class":95},[64,41746,41747],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,41748,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41750,41751,41753,41755,41757,41759,41761],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,41752,41636],{"class":74},[64,41754,92],{"class":91},[64,41756,8403],{"class":74},[64,41758,137],{"class":95},[64,41760,8605],{"class":140},[64,41762,366],{"class":95},[64,41764,41765,41767,41769,41771,41773,41775],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,41766,212],{"class":211},[64,41768,144],{"class":95},[64,41770,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41772,144],{"class":95},[64,41774,41663],{"class":140},[64,41776,1737],{"class":95},[14,41778,41779],{},"Why this helps:",[21,41781,41782,41788,41793,41799],{},[24,41783,41784,41787],{},[61,41785,41786],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[24,41789,41790,21320],{},[61,41791,41792],{},"print(type(value))",[24,41794,41795,41798],{},[61,41796,41797],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[24,41800,41801,41803],{},[61,41802,41612],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[816,41805,41807],{"id":41806},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41809,41810],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[54,41812,41814],{"className":56,"code":41813,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[61,41815,41816,41835,41839,41845,41860,41879,41888],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41817,41818,41820,41822,41824,41826,41828,41831,41833],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41819,2411],{"class":74},[64,41821,92],{"class":91},[64,41823,8212],{"class":211},[64,41825,144],{"class":95},[64,41827,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41829,41830],{"class":1422},"Enter a number: ",[64,41832,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41834,150],{"class":95},[64,41836,41837],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,41838,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,41840,41841,41843],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,41842,29758],{"class":70},[64,41844,6363],{"class":95},[64,41846,41847,41850,41852,41854,41856,41858],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,41848,41849],{"class":74},"    number ",[64,41851,92],{"class":91},[64,41853,40213],{"class":1778},[64,41855,144],{"class":95},[64,41857,2436],{"class":140},[64,41859,150],{"class":95},[64,41861,41862,41864,41866,41868,41871,41873,41875,41877],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,41863,8039],{"class":211},[64,41865,144],{"class":95},[64,41867,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41869,41870],{"class":1422},"Converted:",[64,41872,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41874,103],{"class":95},[64,41876,2161],{"class":140},[64,41878,150],{"class":95},[64,41880,41881,41883,41886],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,41882,29789],{"class":70},[64,41884,41885],{"class":1778}," ValueError",[64,41887,6363],{"class":95},[64,41889,41890,41892,41894,41896,41899,41901],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,41891,8039],{"class":211},[64,41893,144],{"class":95},[64,41895,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41897,41898],{"class":1422},"That is not a valid number.",[64,41900,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41902,150],{"class":95},[14,41904,41905,41906,137],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[543,41907,40854],{"href":40853},[49,41909,41911],{"id":41910},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41913,10562,41914,40,41916,41918],{},[61,41915,2845],{},[61,41917,2838],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41920,41921,41923],{},[61,41922,2845],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[54,41925,41927],{"className":56,"code":41926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[61,41928,41929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41930,41931,41933,41935,41937,41939,41941,41944,41946],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41932,212],{"class":211},[64,41934,144],{"class":95},[64,41936,2156],{"class":1778},[64,41938,144],{"class":95},[64,41940,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41942,41943],{"class":1422},"3.9",[64,41945,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41947,1737],{"class":95},[14,41949,2035],{},[54,41951,41953],{"className":56,"code":41952,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.9\n",[61,41954,41955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41956,41957],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41958,41952],{"class":99},[14,41960,41961,41963],{},[61,41962,2838],{}," creates whole numbers:",[54,41965,41967],{"className":56,"code":41966,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[61,41968,41969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41970,41971,41973,41975,41977,41979,41981,41983,41985],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41972,212],{"class":211},[64,41974,144],{"class":95},[64,41976,2152],{"class":1778},[64,41978,144],{"class":95},[64,41980,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41982,1432],{"class":1422},[64,41984,1419],{"class":1418},[64,41986,1737],{"class":95},[14,41988,2035],{},[54,41990,41991],{"className":56,"code":2340,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,41992,41993],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,41994,41995],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41996,2340],{"class":99},[14,41998,41999,42000,42003],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[61,42001,42002],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[54,42005,42007],{"className":56,"code":42006,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[61,42008,42009],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017,42019,42021,42023,42025],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42012,212],{"class":211},[64,42014,144],{"class":95},[64,42016,2152],{"class":1778},[64,42018,144],{"class":95},[64,42020,1419],{"class":1418},[64,42022,41943],{"class":1422},[64,42024,1419],{"class":1418},[64,42026,1737],{"class":95},[14,42028,2961,42029,8572,42031,42034],{},[61,42030,40662],{},[61,42032,42033],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42036,10685],{},[21,42038,42039,42045],{},[24,42040,42041,42044],{},[61,42042,42043],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[24,42046,42047,42049],{},[61,42048,42002],{}," fails",[14,42051,42052,42053,42056,42057,42059],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[543,42054,42055],{"href":2835},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[543,42058,2384],{"href":2383}," helpful.",[49,42061,1826],{"id":1825},[816,42063,42065],{"id":42064},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42067,42068,42069,2839,42071,137],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[61,42070,2455],{},[61,42072,40101],{},[816,42074,42076],{"id":42075},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42078,42079,42080,2839,42083,137],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[61,42081,42082],{},"\"2.5\"",[61,42084,42085],{},"\"10\"",[816,42087,42089],{"id":42088},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42091,29015,42092,42094,42095,137],{},[61,42093,41488],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[61,42096,40662],{},[816,42098,42100],{"id":42099},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42102,5113,42103,137],{},[61,42104,3731],{},[816,42106,42108],{"id":42107},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42110,42111,42112,42114,42115,40,42118,42114,42120,137],{},"Yes. ",[61,42113,3567],{}," becomes ",[61,42116,42117],{},"1.0",[61,42119,3635],{},[61,42121,3731],{},[49,42123,1865],{"id":1864},[21,42125,42126,42130,42136,42141,42145,42149],{},[24,42127,42128],{},[543,42129,42055],{"href":2835},[24,42131,42132],{},[543,42133,42135],{"href":42134},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[24,42137,42138],{},[543,42139,42140],{"href":40849},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[24,42142,42143],{},[543,42144,9029],{"href":8951},[24,42146,42147],{},[543,42148,40854],{"href":40853},[24,42150,42151],{},[543,42152,42153],{"href":8189},"Python input() Function Explained",[1898,42155,42156],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":42158},[42159,42160,42161,42162,42169,42174,42175,42182,42187,42194,42195,42202],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":40148,"depth":78,"text":40149},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":40373,"depth":78,"text":40374,"children":42163},[42164,42165,42166,42167,42168],{"id":40382,"depth":85,"text":40383},{"id":40446,"depth":85,"text":40447},{"id":40510,"depth":85,"text":40511},{"id":40552,"depth":85,"text":40553},{"id":40607,"depth":85,"text":40608},{"id":40646,"depth":78,"text":40647,"children":42170},[42171,42172,42173],{"id":40655,"depth":85,"text":40656},{"id":40741,"depth":85,"text":40742},{"id":40811,"depth":85,"text":40812},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":41003,"depth":78,"text":41004,"children":42176},[42177,42179,42180,42181],{"id":41007,"depth":85,"text":42178},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41100,"depth":85,"text":41101},{"id":41186,"depth":85,"text":41187},{"id":41248,"depth":85,"text":41249},{"id":41308,"depth":78,"text":41309,"children":42183},[42184,42185,42186],{"id":41317,"depth":85,"text":41318},{"id":41356,"depth":85,"text":41357},{"id":41397,"depth":85,"text":41398},{"id":41462,"depth":78,"text":41463,"children":42188},[42189,42190,42191,42192,42193],{"id":41472,"depth":85,"text":40662},{"id":41538,"depth":85,"text":2964},{"id":41605,"depth":85,"text":41606},{"id":41679,"depth":85,"text":41680},{"id":41806,"depth":85,"text":41807},{"id":41910,"depth":78,"text":41911},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":42196},[42197,42198,42199,42200,42201],{"id":42064,"depth":85,"text":42065},{"id":42075,"depth":85,"text":42076},{"id":42088,"depth":85,"text":42089},{"id":42099,"depth":85,"text":42100},{"id":42107,"depth":85,"text":42108},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40049,"description":42203},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42210,"title":42211,"body":42212,"description":43433,"extension":1927,"meta":43434,"navigation":81,"path":34982,"seo":43435,"stem":43436,"__hash__":43437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42213,"toc":43399},[42214,42217,42222,42225,42227,42266,42280,42284,42289,42292,42309,42312,42322,42337,42340,42342,42345,42361,42364,42367,42387,42391,42402,42405,42409,42413,42427,42462,42466,42477,42512,42515,42517,42525,42558,42574,42576,42586,42607,42618,42620,42625,42628,42642,42644,42663,42666,42679,42682,42686,42690,42704,42707,42725,42728,42743,42747,42752,42766,42772,42774,42831,42833,42866,42869,42885,42889,42896,42900,42905,42908,42919,42923,42928,42943,42952,42957,42976,42979,42991,42993,42998,43008,43011,43040,43045,43054,43058,43063,43066,43070,43075,43077,43107,43110,43117,43122,43127,43131,43134,43142,43145,43223,43226,43248,43250,43254,43257,43261,43267,43330,43334,43342,43346,43349,43351,43376,43396],[10,42215,42211],{"id":42216},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42218,3545,42219,42221],{},[61,42220,34985],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42223,42224],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[49,42226,52],{"id":51},[54,42228,42230],{"className":56,"code":42229,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[61,42231,42232,42242,42252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42233,42234,42236,42238,42240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42235,32108],{"class":211},[64,42237,144],{"class":95},[64,42239,11134],{"class":211},[64,42241,150],{"class":95},[64,42243,42244,42246,42248,42250],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,42245,32108],{"class":211},[64,42247,144],{"class":95},[64,42249,3406],{"class":1778},[64,42251,150],{"class":95},[64,42253,42254,42256,42258,42260,42262,42264],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,42255,32108],{"class":211},[64,42257,144],{"class":95},[64,42259,3261],{"class":1418},[64,42261,34616],{"class":1422},[64,42263,3261],{"class":1418},[64,42265,150],{"class":95},[14,42267,256,42268,42270,42271,2839,42273,42275,42276,42279],{},[61,42269,34985],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[61,42272,11134],{},[61,42274,3406],{},", or use a string such as ",[61,42277,42278],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[49,42281,42283],{"id":42282},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42285,42286,42288],{},[61,42287,34985],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42290,42291],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[21,42293,42294,42297,42300,42303,42306],{},[24,42295,42296],{},"Functions",[24,42298,42299],{},"Classes",[24,42301,42302],{},"Methods",[24,42304,42305],{},"Modules",[24,42307,42308],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42310,42311],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42313,42314,42315,42321],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[543,42316,42318],{"href":42317},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[61,42319,42320],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[54,42323,42325],{"className":56,"code":42324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\n",[61,42326,42327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42328,42329,42331,42333,42335],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42330,32108],{"class":211},[64,42332,144],{"class":95},[64,42334,11134],{"class":211},[64,42336,150],{"class":95},[14,42338,42339],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[49,42341,2120],{"id":2119},[14,42343,42344],{},"The main form is:",[54,42346,42348],{"className":56,"code":42347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(object)\n",[61,42349,42350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42351,42352,42354,42356,42359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42353,32108],{"class":211},[64,42355,144],{"class":95},[64,42357,42358],{"class":1778},"object",[64,42360,150],{"class":95},[14,42362,42363],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42365,42366],{},"Common examples include:",[21,42368,42369,42373,42378,42382],{},[24,42370,42371],{},[61,42372,11134],{},[24,42374,42375],{},[61,42376,42377],{},"list.append",[24,42379,42380],{},[61,42381,3406],{},[24,42383,42384],{},[61,42385,42386],{},"open",[14,42388,7143,42389,7146],{},[61,42390,34985],{},[54,42392,42394],{"className":56,"code":42393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help()\n",[61,42395,42396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42397,42398,42400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42399,32108],{"class":211},[64,42401,366],{"class":95},[14,42403,42404],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[49,42406,42408],{"id":42407},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[816,42410,42412],{"id":42411},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42414,42415,42416,2153,42418,2153,42420,17025,42423,137],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[61,42417,11134],{},[61,42419,212],{},[61,42421,42422],{},"input",[543,42424,42425],{"href":2264},[61,42426,1821],{},[54,42428,42430],{"className":56,"code":42429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[61,42431,42432,42442,42452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42433,42434,42436,42438,42440],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42435,32108],{"class":211},[64,42437,144],{"class":95},[64,42439,212],{"class":211},[64,42441,150],{"class":95},[64,42443,42444,42446,42448,42450],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,42445,32108],{"class":211},[64,42447,144],{"class":95},[64,42449,42422],{"class":211},[64,42451,150],{"class":95},[64,42453,42454,42456,42458,42460],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,42455,32108],{"class":211},[64,42457,144],{"class":95},[64,42459,1779],{"class":1778},[64,42461,150],{"class":95},[816,42463,42465],{"id":42464},"data-types","Data types",[14,42467,42468,42469,2153,42471,2153,42473,17025,42475,137],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[61,42470,3406],{},[61,42472,8064],{},[61,42474,8792],{},[61,42476,6256],{},[54,42478,42480],{"className":56,"code":42479,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[61,42481,42482,42492,42502],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42483,42484,42486,42488,42490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42485,32108],{"class":211},[64,42487,144],{"class":95},[64,42489,3406],{"class":1778},[64,42491,150],{"class":95},[64,42493,42494,42496,42498,42500],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,42495,32108],{"class":211},[64,42497,144],{"class":95},[64,42499,8064],{"class":1778},[64,42501,150],{"class":95},[64,42503,42504,42506,42508,42510],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,42505,32108],{"class":211},[64,42507,144],{"class":95},[64,42509,8792],{"class":1778},[64,42511,150],{"class":95},[14,42513,42514],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[816,42516,42302],{"id":34463},[14,42518,42519,42520,40,42523,137],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[61,42521,42522],{},"str.split",[61,42524,42377],{},[54,42526,42528],{"className":56,"code":42527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[61,42529,42530,42544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42531,42532,42534,42536,42538,42540,42542],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42533,32108],{"class":211},[64,42535,144],{"class":95},[64,42537,3406],{"class":1778},[64,42539,137],{"class":95},[64,42541,34426],{"class":24704},[64,42543,150],{"class":95},[64,42545,42546,42548,42550,42552,42554,42556],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,42547,32108],{"class":211},[64,42549,144],{"class":95},[64,42551,8064],{"class":1778},[64,42553,137],{"class":95},[64,42555,193],{"class":24704},[64,42557,150],{"class":95},[14,42559,42560,42561,8675,42563,28267,42568,42570,42571,42573],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[61,42562,34985],{},[543,42564,42566],{"href":42565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[61,42567,34268],{},[61,42569,34268],{}," shows available names, while ",[61,42572,34985],{}," explains one of them.",[816,42575,42305],{"id":34616},[14,42577,42578,42579,2153,42581,17025,42583,137],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[61,42580,18370],{},[61,42582,35146],{},[61,42584,42585],{},"os",[54,42587,42589],{"className":56,"code":42588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[61,42590,42591,42597],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42592,42593,42595],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42594,71],{"class":70},[64,42596,35050],{"class":74},[64,42598,42599,42601,42603,42605],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,42600,32108],{"class":211},[64,42602,144],{"class":95},[64,42604,18370],{"class":140},[64,42606,150],{"class":95},[14,42608,42609,42610,42614,42615,137],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[543,42611,42613],{"href":42612},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[543,42616,35113],{"href":42617},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[49,42619,34876],{"id":34875},[14,42621,42622,42624],{},[61,42623,34985],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42626,42627],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[21,42629,42630,42633,42636,42639],{},[24,42631,42632],{},"The function signature",[24,42634,42635],{},"The short description",[24,42637,42638],{},"Parameter names",[24,42640,42641],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42643,5439],{},[54,42645,42647],{"className":56,"code":42646,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.split)\n",[61,42648,42649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42650,42651,42653,42655,42657,42659,42661],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42652,32108],{"class":211},[64,42654,144],{"class":95},[64,42656,3406],{"class":1778},[64,42658,137],{"class":95},[64,42660,34426],{"class":24704},[64,42662,150],{"class":95},[14,42664,42665],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[21,42667,42668,42671,42674,42676],{},[24,42669,42670],{},"What object this is",[24,42672,42673],{},"What arguments it accepts",[24,42675,21923],{},[24,42677,42678],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42680,42681],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[49,42683,42685],{"id":42684},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42687,42688,29828],{},[61,42689,34985],{},[21,42691,42692,42695,42698,42701],{},[24,42693,42694],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[24,42696,42697],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[24,42699,42700],{},"You are exploring a new module",[24,42702,42703],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42705,42706],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[54,42708,42709],{"className":56,"code":42646,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,42710,42711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42712,42713,42715,42717,42719,42721,42723],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42714,32108],{"class":211},[64,42716,144],{"class":95},[64,42718,3406],{"class":1778},[64,42720,137],{"class":95},[64,42722,34426],{"class":24704},[64,42724,150],{"class":95},[14,42726,42727],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[54,42729,42731],{"className":56,"code":42730,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(open)\n",[61,42732,42733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42734,42735,42737,42739,42741],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42736,32108],{"class":211},[64,42738,144],{"class":95},[64,42740,42386],{"class":211},[64,42742,150],{"class":95},[49,42744,42746],{"id":42745},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42748,42749,42751],{},[61,42750,34985],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[21,42753,42754,42757,42760,42763],{},[24,42755,42756],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[24,42758,42759],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[24,42761,42762],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[24,42764,42765],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42767,42768,42769,42771],{},"So, ",[61,42770,34985],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42773,5439],{},[54,42775,42777],{"className":56,"code":42776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[61,42778,42779,42792,42816,42820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42780,42781,42783,42785,42787,42790],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42782,34645],{"class":74},[64,42784,92],{"class":91},[64,42786,3315],{"class":1418},[64,42788,42789],{"class":1422},"a,b,c",[64,42791,3321],{"class":1418},[64,42793,42794,42797,42799,42802,42804,42806,42808,42810,42812,42814],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,42795,42796],{"class":74},"parts ",[64,42798,92],{"class":91},[64,42800,42801],{"class":74}," text",[64,42803,137],{"class":95},[64,42805,34426],{"class":140},[64,42807,144],{"class":95},[64,42809,1419],{"class":1418},[64,42811,103],{"class":1422},[64,42813,1419],{"class":1418},[64,42815,150],{"class":95},[64,42817,42818],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,42819,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,42821,42822,42824,42826,42829],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,42823,212],{"class":211},[64,42825,144],{"class":95},[64,42827,42828],{"class":140},"parts",[64,42830,150],{"class":95},[14,42832,5527],{},[54,42834,42836],{"className":56,"code":42835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[61,42837,42838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42839,42840,42842,42844,42846,42848,42850,42852,42854,42856,42858,42860,42862,42864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42841,184],{"class":95},[64,42843,3261],{"class":1418},[64,42845,543],{"class":1422},[64,42847,3261],{"class":1418},[64,42849,103],{"class":95},[64,42851,3256],{"class":1418},[64,42853,1235],{"class":1422},[64,42855,3261],{"class":1418},[64,42857,103],{"class":95},[64,42859,3256],{"class":1418},[64,42861,9711],{"class":1422},[64,42863,3261],{"class":1418},[64,42865,746],{"class":95},[14,42867,42868],{},"A good workflow is:",[28667,42870,42871,42876,42879,42882],{},[24,42872,256,42873,42875],{},[61,42874,34985],{}," to inspect something",[24,42877,42878],{},"Write a tiny example",[24,42880,42881],{},"Check the result",[24,42883,42884],{},"Repeat",[49,42886,42888],{"id":42887},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42890,42891,40,42893,42895],{},[61,42892,34985],{},[61,42894,34268],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[816,42897,42898],{"id":32108},[61,42899,34985],{},[14,42901,256,42902,42904],{},[61,42903,34985],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42906,42907],{},"It tells you:",[21,42909,42910,42913,42916],{},[24,42911,42912],{},"What something is",[24,42914,42915],{},"How to use it",[24,42917,42918],{},"What parameters it accepts",[816,42920,42921],{"id":34329},[61,42922,34268],{},[14,42924,256,42925,42927],{},[61,42926,34268],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[54,42929,42931],{"className":56,"code":42930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dir(str)\n",[61,42932,42933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42934,42935,42937,42939,42941],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42936,34329],{"class":211},[64,42938,144],{"class":95},[64,42940,3406],{"class":1778},[64,42942,150],{"class":95},[14,42944,42945,42946,2153,42948,17025,42950,137],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[61,42947,34426],{},[61,42949,8605],{},[61,42951,8611],{},[14,42953,42954,42955,1117],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[61,42956,34985],{},[54,42958,42960],{"className":56,"code":42959,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(str.lower)\n",[61,42961,42962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,42963,42964,42966,42968,42970,42972,42974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42965,32108],{"class":211},[64,42967,144],{"class":95},[64,42969,3406],{"class":1778},[64,42971,137],{"class":95},[64,42973,8611],{"class":24704},[64,42975,150],{"class":95},[14,42977,42978],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[21,42980,42981,42986],{},[24,42982,256,42983,42985],{},[61,42984,34268],{}," to discover options",[24,42987,256,42988,42990],{},[61,42989,34985],{}," to understand one option",[49,42992,1646],{"id":1645},[14,42994,42995,42996,137],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[61,42997,34985],{},[816,42999,1654,43001,43004,43005],{"id":43000},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[61,43002,43003],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[61,43006,43007],{},"help(len)",[14,43009,43010],{},"These are not always the same.",[54,43012,43014],{"className":56,"code":43013,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[61,43015,43016,43026],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43017,43018,43020,43022,43024],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43019,32108],{"class":211},[64,43021,144],{"class":95},[64,43023,11134],{"class":211},[64,43025,150],{"class":95},[64,43027,43028,43030,43032,43034,43036,43038],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43029,32108],{"class":211},[64,43031,144],{"class":95},[64,43033,3261],{"class":1418},[64,43035,11134],{"class":1422},[64,43037,3261],{"class":1418},[64,43039,150],{"class":95},[14,43041,43042,43044],{},[61,43043,43007],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43046,43047,43049,43050,43053],{},[61,43048,43003],{}," treats ",[61,43051,43052],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[816,43055,43057],{"id":43056},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43059,43060,43062],{},[61,43061,34985],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43064,43065],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[816,43067,43069],{"id":43068},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43071,40301,43072,43074],{},[61,43073,34985],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43076,318],{},[54,43078,43080],{"className":56,"code":43079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[61,43081,43082,43092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43083,43084,43086,43088,43090],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43085,32108],{"class":211},[64,43087,144],{"class":95},[64,43089,11134],{"class":211},[64,43091,150],{"class":95},[64,43093,43094,43096,43098,43100,43103,43105],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43095,212],{"class":211},[64,43097,144],{"class":95},[64,43099,1419],{"class":1418},[64,43101,43102],{"class":1422},"Done",[64,43104,1419],{"class":1418},[64,43106,150],{"class":95},[14,43108,43109],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[816,43111,37161,43113,8675,43115],{"id":43112},"confusing-help-with-dir",[61,43114,34985],{},[61,43116,34268],{},[14,43118,43119,43120,137],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[61,43121,34268],{},[14,43123,43124,43125,137],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[61,43126,34985],{},[49,43128,43130],{"id":43129},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43132,43133],{},"Open Python:",[54,43135,43136],{"className":56,"code":35499,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,43137,43138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43139,43140],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43141,35499],{"class":74},[14,43143,43144],{},"Then test these commands:",[54,43146,43148],{"className":56,"code":43147,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[61,43149,43150,43160,43174,43188,43198,43213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43151,43152,43154,43156,43158],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43153,32108],{"class":211},[64,43155,144],{"class":95},[64,43157,11134],{"class":211},[64,43159,150],{"class":95},[64,43161,43162,43164,43166,43168,43170,43172],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43163,32108],{"class":211},[64,43165,144],{"class":95},[64,43167,3406],{"class":1778},[64,43169,137],{"class":95},[64,43171,34426],{"class":24704},[64,43173,150],{"class":95},[64,43175,43176,43178,43180,43182,43184,43186],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,43177,32108],{"class":211},[64,43179,144],{"class":95},[64,43181,8064],{"class":1778},[64,43183,137],{"class":95},[64,43185,193],{"class":24704},[64,43187,150],{"class":95},[64,43189,43190,43192,43194,43196],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,43191,32108],{"class":211},[64,43193,144],{"class":95},[64,43195,42386],{"class":211},[64,43197,150],{"class":95},[64,43199,43200,43202,43204,43206,43209,43211],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,43201,32108],{"class":211},[64,43203,144],{"class":95},[64,43205,3261],{"class":1418},[64,43207,43208],{"class":1422},"keywords",[64,43210,3261],{"class":1418},[64,43212,150],{"class":95},[64,43214,43215,43217,43219,43221],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,43216,34329],{"class":211},[64,43218,144],{"class":95},[64,43220,3406],{"class":1778},[64,43222,150],{"class":95},[14,43224,43225],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[21,43227,43228,43231,43234,43237,43240,43243],{},[24,43229,43230],{},"A built-in function",[24,43232,43233],{},"A string method",[24,43235,43236],{},"A list method",[24,43238,43239],{},"A built-in file function",[24,43241,43242],{},"A special help topic",[24,43244,294,43245,43247],{},[61,43246,34268],{}," example for comparison",[49,43249,1826],{"id":1825},[816,43251,43253],{"id":43252},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43255,43256],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[816,43258,43260],{"id":43259},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43262,43263,43264,43266],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[61,43265,34985],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[54,43268,43270],{"className":56,"code":43269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[61,43271,43272,43284,43297,43316,43320],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43273,43274,43276,43278,43280,43282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43275,34809],{"class":2029},[64,43277,34813],{"class":34812},[64,43279,144],{"class":95},[64,43281,7637],{"class":37619},[64,43283,8312],{"class":95},[64,43285,43286,43290,43294],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43287,43289],{"class":43288},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[64,43291,43293],{"class":43292},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[64,43295,43296],{"class":43288},"\"\"\"\n",[64,43298,43299,43301,43304,43307,43309,43311,43313],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,43300,34820],{"class":70},[64,43302,43303],{"class":2029}," f",[64,43305,43306],{"class":1422},"\"Hello, ",[64,43308,9249],{"class":99},[64,43310,7637],{"class":74},[64,43312,22256],{"class":99},[64,43314,43315],{"class":1422},"!\"\n",[64,43317,43318],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,43319,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,43321,43322,43324,43326,43328],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,43323,32108],{"class":211},[64,43325,144],{"class":95},[64,43327,34855],{"class":140},[64,43329,150],{"class":95},[816,43331,43333],{"id":43332},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43335,43336,43338,43339,43341],{},[61,43337,43007],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[61,43340,43003],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[816,43343,43345],{"id":43344},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43347,43348],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[49,43350,1865],{"id":1864},[21,43352,43353,43358,43362,43367,43372],{},[24,43354,43355],{},[543,43356,43357],{"href":42565},"Python dir() function explained",[24,43359,43360],{},[543,43361,8412],{"href":2264},[24,43363,43364],{},[543,43365,43366],{"href":42317},"Python len() function explained",[24,43368,43369],{},[543,43370,43371],{"href":42612},"How import works in Python",[24,43373,43374],{},[543,43375,35113],{"href":42617},[14,43377,43378,43379,43381,43382,2153,43384,17025,43386,43388,43389,2839,43392,43395],{},"Try ",[61,43380,34985],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[61,43383,11134],{},[61,43385,212],{},[61,43387,42422],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[61,43390,43391],{},"dir(str)",[61,43393,43394],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1898,43397,43398],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":43400},[43401,43402,43403,43404,43410,43411,43412,43413,43417,43425,43426,43432],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":42282,"depth":78,"text":42283},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":42407,"depth":78,"text":42408,"children":43405},[43406,43407,43408,43409],{"id":42411,"depth":85,"text":42412},{"id":42464,"depth":85,"text":42465},{"id":34463,"depth":85,"text":42302},{"id":34616,"depth":85,"text":42305},{"id":34875,"depth":78,"text":34876},{"id":42684,"depth":78,"text":42685},{"id":42745,"depth":78,"text":42746},{"id":42887,"depth":78,"text":42888,"children":43414},[43415,43416],{"id":32108,"depth":85,"text":34985},{"id":34329,"depth":85,"text":34268},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":43418},[43419,43421,43422,43423],{"id":43000,"depth":85,"text":43420},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43056,"depth":85,"text":43057},{"id":43068,"depth":85,"text":43069},{"id":43112,"depth":85,"text":43424},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43129,"depth":78,"text":43130},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":43427},[43428,43429,43430,43431],{"id":43252,"depth":85,"text":43253},{"id":43259,"depth":85,"text":43260},{"id":43332,"depth":85,"text":43333},{"id":43344,"depth":85,"text":43345},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42211,"description":43433},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43439,"title":43440,"body":43441,"description":44800,"extension":1927,"meta":44801,"navigation":81,"path":44802,"seo":44803,"stem":44804,"__hash__":44805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43442,"toc":44773},[43443,43448,43453,43459,43469,43528,43538,43549,43554,43560,43562,43580,43588,43590,43592,43607,43610,43621,43623,43714,43717,43721,43726,43747,43749,43859,43861,43888,43898,43902,43905,43988,43990,43998,44004,44010,44014,44017,44127,44129,44142,44145,44159,44167,44174,44179,44193,44199,44312,44314,44375,44378,44384,44390,44393,44415,44418,44488,44491,44523,44530,44532,44535,44553,44556,44568,44574,44576,44581,44607,44610,44682,44684,44690,44693,44699,44702,44708,44718,44724,44727,44734,44737,44739,44770],[10,43444,1877,43446,3542],{"id":43445},"python-id-function-explained",[61,43447,1805],{},[14,43449,32273,43450,43452],{},[61,43451,1805],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43454,43455,43456,43458],{},"Beginners usually see ",[61,43457,1805],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43460,256,43461,43463,43464,43466,43467,137],{},[61,43462,1805],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[37,43465,300],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[61,43468,1707],{},[54,43470,43472],{"className":56,"code":43471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[61,43473,43474,43486,43500,43504,43514],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43475,43476,43478,43480,43482,43484],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43477,7846],{"class":74},[64,43479,92],{"class":91},[64,43481,3315],{"class":1418},[64,43483,7265],{"class":1422},[64,43485,3321],{"class":1418},[64,43487,43488,43490,43492,43494,43496,43498],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43489,212],{"class":211},[64,43491,144],{"class":95},[64,43493,1720],{"class":211},[64,43495,144],{"class":95},[64,43497,7637],{"class":140},[64,43499,1737],{"class":95},[64,43501,43502],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,43503,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,43505,43506,43509,43511],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,43507,43508],{"class":74},"other ",[64,43510,92],{"class":91},[64,43512,43513],{"class":74}," name\n",[64,43515,43516,43518,43520,43522,43524,43526],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,43517,212],{"class":211},[64,43519,144],{"class":95},[64,43521,1720],{"class":211},[64,43523,144],{"class":95},[64,43525,30698],{"class":140},[64,43527,1737],{"class":95},[14,43529,43530,43531,43534,43535,43537],{},"In this example, ",[61,43532,43533],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[61,43536,1805],{}," values match.",[43539,43540,43541],"blockquote",{},[14,43542,256,43543,43545,43546,43548],{},[61,43544,1805],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[61,43547,1707],{}," for value comparison.",[49,43550,3639,43552,3642],{"id":43551},"what-id-does",[61,43553,1805],{},[14,43555,43556,43559],{},[61,43557,43558],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43561,13017],{},[21,43563,43564,43567,43574,43577],{},[24,43565,43566],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[24,43568,43569,43570,43573],{},"It shows ",[37,43571,43572],{},"object identity",", not object value",[24,43575,43576],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[24,43578,43579],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43581,43582,43583,43587],{},"This is closely related to how ",[543,43584,43586],{"href":43585},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[49,43589,2120],{"id":2119},[14,43591,5401],{},[54,43593,43595],{"className":56,"code":43594,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"id(object)\n",[61,43596,43597],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43598,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43600,1720],{"class":211},[64,43602,144],{"class":95},[64,43604,42358],{"class":1778},[64,43606,150],{"class":95},[14,43608,43609],{},"Important details:",[21,43611,43612,43615,43618],{},[24,43613,43614],{},"It takes one argument",[24,43616,43617],{},"It returns an integer",[24,43619,43620],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43622,318],{},[54,43624,43626],{"className":56,"code":43625,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[61,43627,43628,43640,43648,43668,43672,43686,43700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43629,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43631,34645],{"class":74},[64,43633,92],{"class":91},[64,43635,3315],{"class":1418},[64,43637,3809],{"class":1422},[64,43639,3321],{"class":1418},[64,43641,43642,43644,43646],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43643,2181],{"class":74},[64,43645,92],{"class":91},[64,43647,2730],{"class":99},[64,43649,43650,43652,43654,43656,43658,43660,43662,43664,43666],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,43651,7749],{"class":74},[64,43653,92],{"class":91},[64,43655,112],{"class":95},[64,43657,100],{"class":99},[64,43659,103],{"class":95},[64,43661,106],{"class":99},[64,43663,103],{"class":95},[64,43665,743],{"class":99},[64,43667,746],{"class":95},[64,43669,43670],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,43671,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,43673,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,43675,212],{"class":211},[64,43677,144],{"class":95},[64,43679,1720],{"class":211},[64,43681,144],{"class":95},[64,43683,34666],{"class":140},[64,43685,1737],{"class":95},[64,43687,43688,43690,43692,43694,43696,43698],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,43689,212],{"class":211},[64,43691,144],{"class":95},[64,43693,1720],{"class":211},[64,43695,144],{"class":95},[64,43697,2204],{"class":140},[64,43699,1737],{"class":95},[64,43701,43702,43704,43706,43708,43710,43712],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,43703,212],{"class":211},[64,43705,144],{"class":95},[64,43707,1720],{"class":211},[64,43709,144],{"class":95},[64,43711,7779],{"class":140},[64,43713,1737],{"class":95},[14,43715,43716],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[49,43718,43720],{"id":43719},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43722,43723,43724,137],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[61,43725,1805],{},[21,43727,43728,43735,43742],{},[24,43729,43730,43732,43733],{},[61,43731,1707],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[37,43734,2436],{},[24,43736,43737,43739,43740],{},[61,43738,877],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[37,43741,42358],{},[24,43743,43744,43746],{},[61,43745,1805],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43748,318],{},[54,43750,43752],{"className":56,"code":43751,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[61,43753,43754,43774,43794,43798,43815,43831,43845],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43755,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43757,1186],{"class":74},[64,43759,92],{"class":91},[64,43761,112],{"class":95},[64,43763,100],{"class":99},[64,43765,103],{"class":95},[64,43767,106],{"class":99},[64,43769,103],{"class":95},[64,43771,743],{"class":99},[64,43773,746],{"class":95},[64,43775,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784,43786,43788,43790,43792],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43777,1202],{"class":74},[64,43779,92],{"class":91},[64,43781,112],{"class":95},[64,43783,100],{"class":99},[64,43785,103],{"class":95},[64,43787,106],{"class":99},[64,43789,103],{"class":95},[64,43791,743],{"class":99},[64,43793,746],{"class":95},[64,43795,43796],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,43797,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,43799,43800,43802,43804,43806,43808,43810,43812],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,43801,212],{"class":211},[64,43803,144],{"class":95},[64,43805,1186],{"class":140},[64,43807,1707],{"class":91},[64,43809,2522],{"class":140},[64,43811,219],{"class":95},[64,43813,43814],{"class":222},"   # True\n",[64,43816,43817,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827,43829],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,43818,212],{"class":211},[64,43820,144],{"class":95},[64,43822,1186],{"class":140},[64,43824,877],{"class":70},[64,43826,2522],{"class":140},[64,43828,219],{"class":95},[64,43830,1106],{"class":222},[64,43832,43833,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,43834,212],{"class":211},[64,43836,144],{"class":95},[64,43838,1720],{"class":211},[64,43840,144],{"class":95},[64,43842,543],{"class":140},[64,43844,1737],{"class":95},[64,43846,43847,43849,43851,43853,43855,43857],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,43848,212],{"class":211},[64,43850,144],{"class":95},[64,43852,1720],{"class":211},[64,43854,144],{"class":95},[64,43856,1235],{"class":140},[64,43858,1737],{"class":95},[14,43860,2142],{},[21,43862,43863,43871,43879],{},[24,43864,43865,4747,43868,43870],{},[61,43866,43867],{},"a == b",[61,43869,3567],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[24,43872,43873,4747,43876,43878],{},[61,43874,43875],{},"a is b",[61,43877,3635],{}," because they are different list objects",[24,43880,43881,40,43884,43887],{},[61,43882,43883],{},"id(a)",[61,43885,43886],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43889,43890,43891,40,43894,137],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[543,43892,546],{"href":43893},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types",[543,43895,43897],{"href":43896},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[49,43899,43901],{"id":43900},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43903,43904],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[54,43906,43908],{"className":56,"code":43907,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[61,43909,43910,43930,43940,43944,43958,43973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43911,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922,43924,43926,43928],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43913,1161],{"class":74},[64,43915,92],{"class":91},[64,43917,112],{"class":95},[64,43919,1432],{"class":99},[64,43921,103],{"class":95},[64,43923,1437],{"class":99},[64,43925,103],{"class":95},[64,43927,7764],{"class":99},[64,43929,746],{"class":95},[64,43931,43932,43935,43937],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,43933,43934],{"class":74},"other_numbers ",[64,43936,92],{"class":91},[64,43938,43939],{"class":74}," numbers\n",[64,43941,43942],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,43943,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,43945,43946,43948,43950,43952,43954,43956],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,43947,212],{"class":211},[64,43949,144],{"class":95},[64,43951,1720],{"class":211},[64,43953,144],{"class":95},[64,43955,3611],{"class":140},[64,43957,1737],{"class":95},[64,43959,43960,43962,43964,43966,43968,43971],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,43961,212],{"class":211},[64,43963,144],{"class":95},[64,43965,1720],{"class":211},[64,43967,144],{"class":95},[64,43969,43970],{"class":140},"other_numbers",[64,43972,1737],{"class":95},[64,43974,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43986],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,43976,212],{"class":211},[64,43978,144],{"class":95},[64,43980,1161],{"class":140},[64,43982,877],{"class":70},[64,43984,43985],{"class":140}," other_numbers",[64,43987,150],{"class":95},[14,43989,5527],{},[54,43991,43992],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,43993,43994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,43995,43996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43997,3943],{"class":3816},[14,43999,44000,44001,44003],{},"The two ",[61,44002,1805],{}," values will also match.",[14,44005,22142,44006,44009],{},[61,44007,44008],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[49,44011,44013],{"id":44012},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44015,44016],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[54,44018,44020],{"className":56,"code":44019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[61,44021,44022,44043,44064,44068,44083,44097,44112],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44023,44024,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44025,44026],{"class":74},"list_a ",[64,44028,92],{"class":91},[64,44030,112],{"class":95},[64,44032,100],{"class":99},[64,44034,103],{"class":95},[64,44036,106],{"class":99},[64,44038,103],{"class":95},[64,44040,743],{"class":99},[64,44042,746],{"class":95},[64,44044,44045,44048,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060,44062],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44046,44047],{"class":74},"list_b ",[64,44049,92],{"class":91},[64,44051,112],{"class":95},[64,44053,100],{"class":99},[64,44055,103],{"class":95},[64,44057,106],{"class":99},[64,44059,103],{"class":95},[64,44061,743],{"class":99},[64,44063,746],{"class":95},[64,44065,44066],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,44067,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,44069,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078,44081],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,44071,212],{"class":211},[64,44073,144],{"class":95},[64,44075,44026],{"class":140},[64,44077,1707],{"class":91},[64,44079,44080],{"class":140}," list_b",[64,44082,150],{"class":95},[64,44084,44085,44087,44089,44091,44093,44095],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,44086,212],{"class":211},[64,44088,144],{"class":95},[64,44090,44026],{"class":140},[64,44092,877],{"class":70},[64,44094,44080],{"class":140},[64,44096,150],{"class":95},[64,44098,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107,44110],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,44100,212],{"class":211},[64,44102,144],{"class":95},[64,44104,1720],{"class":211},[64,44106,144],{"class":95},[64,44108,44109],{"class":140},"list_a",[64,44111,1737],{"class":95},[64,44113,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122,44125],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,44115,212],{"class":211},[64,44117,144],{"class":95},[64,44119,1720],{"class":211},[64,44121,144],{"class":95},[64,44123,44124],{"class":140},"list_b",[64,44126,1737],{"class":95},[14,44128,5527],{},[54,44130,44132],{"className":56,"code":44131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\n",[61,44133,44134,44138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44135,44136],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44137,3943],{"class":3816},[64,44139,44140],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44141,4004],{"class":3816},[14,44143,44144],{},"What this means:",[21,44146,44147,44150,44153],{},[24,44148,44149],{},"The lists are equal in value",[24,44151,44152],{},"They are not the same object",[24,44154,44155,44156,44158],{},"Their ",[61,44157,1805],{}," values are usually different",[14,44160,44161,44162,44164,44165,137],{},"This is why ",[61,44163,1805],{}," should not replace ",[61,44166,1707],{},[49,44168,44170,44171,44173],{"id":44169},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[61,44172,1805],{}," is useful",[14,44175,44176,44178],{},[61,44177,1805],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[21,44180,44181,44184,44187,44190],{},[24,44182,44183],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[24,44185,44186],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[24,44188,44189],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[24,44191,44192],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44194,44195,44196,44198],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[61,44197,1805],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[54,44200,44202],{"className":56,"code":44201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[61,44203,44204,44228,44237,44241,44260,44264,44274,44284,44298],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44205,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224,44226],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44207,88],{"class":74},[64,44209,92],{"class":91},[64,44211,112],{"class":95},[64,44213,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44215,543],{"class":1422},[64,44217,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44219,103],{"class":95},[64,44221,3315],{"class":1418},[64,44223,1235],{"class":1422},[64,44225,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44227,746],{"class":95},[64,44229,44230,44233,44235],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44231,44232],{"class":74},"copy_ref ",[64,44234,92],{"class":91},[64,44236,755],{"class":74},[64,44238,44239],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,44240,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,44242,44243,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,44244,44245],{"class":74},"copy_ref",[64,44247,137],{"class":95},[64,44249,193],{"class":140},[64,44251,144],{"class":95},[64,44253,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44255,9711],{"class":1422},[64,44257,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44259,150],{"class":95},[64,44261,44262],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,44263,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,44265,44266,44268,44270,44272],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,44267,212],{"class":211},[64,44269,144],{"class":95},[64,44271,147],{"class":140},[64,44273,150],{"class":95},[64,44275,44276,44278,44280,44282],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,44277,212],{"class":211},[64,44279,144],{"class":95},[64,44281,44245],{"class":140},[64,44283,150],{"class":95},[64,44285,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,44287,212],{"class":211},[64,44289,144],{"class":95},[64,44291,1720],{"class":211},[64,44293,144],{"class":95},[64,44295,147],{"class":140},[64,44297,1737],{"class":95},[64,44299,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308,44310],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,44301,212],{"class":211},[64,44303,144],{"class":95},[64,44305,1720],{"class":211},[64,44307,144],{"class":95},[64,44309,44245],{"class":140},[64,44311,1737],{"class":95},[14,44313,5527],{},[54,44315,44317],{"className":56,"code":44316,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[61,44318,44319,44347],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44320,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44322,184],{"class":95},[64,44324,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44326,543],{"class":1422},[64,44328,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44330,103],{"class":95},[64,44332,3256],{"class":1418},[64,44334,1235],{"class":1422},[64,44336,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44338,103],{"class":95},[64,44340,3256],{"class":1418},[64,44342,9711],{"class":1422},[64,44344,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44346,746],{"class":95},[64,44348,44349,44351,44353,44355,44357,44359,44361,44363,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44350,184],{"class":95},[64,44352,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44354,543],{"class":1422},[64,44356,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44358,103],{"class":95},[64,44360,3256],{"class":1418},[64,44362,1235],{"class":1422},[64,44364,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44366,103],{"class":95},[64,44368,3256],{"class":1418},[64,44370,9711],{"class":1422},[64,44372,3261],{"class":1418},[64,44374,746],{"class":95},[14,44376,44377],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[49,44379,44381,44382],{"id":44380},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[61,44383,1805],{},[14,44385,44386,44387,44389],{},"Do not use ",[61,44388,1805],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44391,44392],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[21,44394,44395,44401,44407,44410],{},[24,44396,44397,44398,44400],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[61,44399,1707],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[24,44402,44403,44404,44406],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[61,44405,1805],{}," values across program runs",[24,44408,44409],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[24,44411,44412,44413],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[61,44414,1805],{},[14,44416,44417],{},"Bad example:",[54,44419,44421],{"className":56,"code":44420,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[61,44422,44423,44435,44447,44451,44473],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44424,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44426,1186],{"class":74},[64,44428,92],{"class":91},[64,44430,3315],{"class":1418},[64,44432,37004],{"class":1422},[64,44434,3321],{"class":1418},[64,44436,44437,44439,44441,44443,44445],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44438,1202],{"class":74},[64,44440,92],{"class":91},[64,44442,3315],{"class":1418},[64,44444,37004],{"class":1422},[64,44446,3321],{"class":1418},[64,44448,44449],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,44450,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,44452,44453,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463,44465,44467,44469,44471],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,44454,6965],{"class":70},[64,44456,1730],{"class":211},[64,44458,144],{"class":95},[64,44460,543],{"class":140},[64,44462,219],{"class":95},[64,44464,6378],{"class":91},[64,44466,1730],{"class":211},[64,44468,144],{"class":95},[64,44470,1235],{"class":140},[64,44472,8312],{"class":95},[64,44474,44475,44477,44479,44481,44484,44486],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,44476,8039],{"class":211},[64,44478,144],{"class":95},[64,44480,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44482,44483],{"class":1422},"The values are equal",[64,44485,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44487,150],{"class":95},[14,44489,44490],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[54,44492,44494],{"className":56,"code":44493,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[61,44495,44496,44509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44497,44498,44500,44503,44505,44507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44499,6965],{"class":70},[64,44501,44502],{"class":74}," a ",[64,44504,1707],{"class":91},[64,44506,2522],{"class":74},[64,44508,6363],{"class":95},[64,44510,44511,44513,44515,44517,44519,44521],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44512,8039],{"class":211},[64,44514,144],{"class":95},[64,44516,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44518,44483],{"class":1422},[64,44520,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44522,150],{"class":95},[14,44524,256,44525,2839,44527,44529],{},[61,44526,877],{},[61,44528,1805],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[49,44531,20754],{"id":20753},[14,44533,44534],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[21,44536,44537,44540,44543,44548],{},[24,44538,44539],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[24,44541,44542],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[24,44544,44545,44546],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[61,44547,1805],{},[24,44549,44550,44551],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[61,44552,1805],{},[14,44554,44555],{},"The important rule is:",[21,44557,44558,44563],{},[24,44559,256,44560,44562],{},[61,44561,1707],{}," to check value",[24,44564,256,44565,44567],{},[61,44566,877],{}," to check identity",[14,44569,44570,44571,44573],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[61,44572,1805],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[49,44575,1646],{"id":1645},[14,44577,44578,44579,1117],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[61,44580,1805],{},[21,44582,44583,44591,44594,44597,44602],{},[24,44584,1654,44585,44587,44588,44590],{},[61,44586,1805],{}," when ",[61,44589,1707],{}," should be used",[24,44592,44593],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[24,44595,44596],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[24,44598,44599,44600],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[61,44601,1805],{},[24,44603,1654,44604,44606],{},[61,44605,1805],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44608,44609],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[54,44611,44613],{"className":56,"code":44612,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[61,44614,44615,44630,44644,44658,44672],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44616,44617,44619,44621,44623,44625,44628],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44618,212],{"class":211},[64,44620,144],{"class":95},[64,44622,1720],{"class":211},[64,44624,144],{"class":95},[64,44626,44627],{"class":140},"my_object",[64,44629,1737],{"class":95},[64,44631,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44633,212],{"class":211},[64,44635,144],{"class":95},[64,44637,1186],{"class":140},[64,44639,1707],{"class":91},[64,44641,2522],{"class":140},[64,44643,150],{"class":95},[64,44645,44646,44648,44650,44652,44654,44656],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,44647,212],{"class":211},[64,44649,144],{"class":95},[64,44651,1186],{"class":140},[64,44653,877],{"class":70},[64,44655,2522],{"class":140},[64,44657,150],{"class":95},[64,44659,44660,44662,44664,44666,44668,44670],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,44661,212],{"class":211},[64,44663,144],{"class":95},[64,44665,1779],{"class":1778},[64,44667,144],{"class":95},[64,44669,44627],{"class":140},[64,44671,1737],{"class":95},[64,44673,44674,44676,44678,44680],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,44675,32108],{"class":211},[64,44677,144],{"class":95},[64,44679,1720],{"class":211},[64,44681,150],{"class":95},[49,44683,1826],{"id":1825},[816,44685,44687,44688,12682],{"id":44686},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[61,44689,1805],{},[14,44691,44692],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[816,44694,14857,44696,44698],{"id":44695},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[61,44697,1805],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44700,44701],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[816,44703,21373,44705,44707],{"id":44704},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[61,44706,1805],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44709,30225,44710,44712,44713,2839,44715,44717],{},[61,44711,1707],{}," to compare values. Use ",[61,44714,1805],{},[61,44716,877],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[816,44719,44721,44722,2456],{"id":44720},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[61,44723,1805],{},[14,44725,44726],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[816,44728,44730,44731,44733],{"id":44729},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[61,44732,1805],{}," values?",[14,44735,44736],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[49,44738,1865],{"id":1864},[21,44740,44741,44746,44751,44756,44764],{},[24,44742,44743],{},[543,44744,44745],{"href":43585},"Python variables explained for beginners",[24,44747,44748],{},[543,44749,44750],{"href":43893},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[24,44752,44753],{},[543,44754,44755],{"href":43896},"Python data types overview",[24,44757,44758],{},[543,44759,1877,44761,3472],{"href":44760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[61,44762,44763],{},"isinstance()",[24,44765,44766],{},[543,44767,44769],{"href":44768},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1898,44771,44772],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":44774},[44775,44777,44778,44779,44780,44781,44783,44785,44786,44787,44799],{"id":43551,"depth":78,"text":44776},"What id() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":43719,"depth":78,"text":43720},{"id":43900,"depth":78,"text":43901},{"id":44012,"depth":78,"text":44013},{"id":44169,"depth":78,"text":44782},"When id() is useful",{"id":44380,"depth":78,"text":44784},"When not to use id()",{"id":20753,"depth":78,"text":20754},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":44788},[44789,44791,44793,44795,44797],{"id":44686,"depth":85,"text":44790},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44695,"depth":85,"text":44792},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44704,"depth":85,"text":44794},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44720,"depth":85,"text":44796},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44729,"depth":85,"text":44798},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43440,"description":44800},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44807,"title":42153,"body":44808,"description":46448,"extension":1927,"meta":46449,"navigation":81,"path":46450,"seo":46451,"stem":46452,"__hash__":46453},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44809,"toc":46414},[44810,44815,44820,44823,44825,44868,44873,44876,44881,44886,44889,44905,44907,44951,44953,44980,44982,44997,44999,45001,45003,45019,45021,45033,45036,45070,45073,45098,45103,45105,45110,45114,45117,45119,45167,45169,45202,45208,45219,45221,45273,45275,45306,45308,45312,45316,45359,45365,45371,45423,45431,45436,45440,45531,45533,45566,45569,45571,45631,45633,45659,45669,45671,45675,45680,45685,45687,45724,45726,45745,45748,45752,45755,45811,45823,45832,45834,45861,45869,45876,45880,45883,45920,45923,45929,45966,45968,45972,45978,45996,46001,46049,46053,46142,46145,46152,46154,46156,46161,46179,46181,46224,46230,46247,46249,46311,46313,46315,46321,46329,46335,46341,46350,46360,46364,46372,46374,46376,46411],[10,44811,1877,44813,3542],{"id":44812},"python-input-function-explained",[61,44814,2919],{},[14,44816,1944,44817,44819],{},[61,44818,2919],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44821,44822],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[49,44824,52],{"id":51},[54,44826,44828],{"className":56,"code":44827,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[61,44829,44830,44849],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44831,44832,44834,44836,44838,44840,44842,44845,44847],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44833,7846],{"class":74},[64,44835,92],{"class":91},[64,44837,8212],{"class":211},[64,44839,144],{"class":95},[64,44841,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44843,44844],{"class":1422},"Enter your name: ",[64,44846,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44848,150],{"class":95},[64,44850,44851,44853,44855,44857,44860,44862,44864,44866],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44852,212],{"class":211},[64,44854,144],{"class":95},[64,44856,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44858,44859],{"class":1422},"Hello, ",[64,44861,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44863,2418],{"class":91},[64,44865,35949],{"class":140},[64,44867,150],{"class":95},[14,44869,256,44870,44872],{},[61,44871,2919],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44874,44875],"hr",{},[49,44877,3639,44879,3642],{"id":44878},"what-input-does",[61,44880,2919],{},[14,44882,44883,44885],{},[61,44884,2919],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44887,44888],{},"Here is what happens:",[21,44890,44891,44896,44899,44902],{},[24,44892,44893,44895],{},[61,44894,2919],{}," waits for the user to type",[24,44897,44898],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[24,44900,44901],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[24,44903,44904],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44906,318],{},[54,44908,44910],{"className":56,"code":44909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[61,44911,44912,44932],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44913,44914,44917,44919,44921,44923,44925,44928,44930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44915,44916],{"class":74},"color ",[64,44918,92],{"class":91},[64,44920,8212],{"class":211},[64,44922,144],{"class":95},[64,44924,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44926,44927],{"class":1422},"What is your favorite color? ",[64,44929,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44931,150],{"class":95},[64,44933,44934,44936,44938,44940,44943,44945,44947,44949],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44935,212],{"class":211},[64,44937,144],{"class":95},[64,44939,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44941,44942],{"class":1422},"Your favorite color is",[64,44944,1419],{"class":1418},[64,44946,103],{"class":95},[64,44948,35808],{"class":140},[64,44950,150],{"class":95},[14,44952,29984],{},[54,44954,44956],{"className":56,"code":44955,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[61,44957,44958,44971],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,44959,44960,44962,44964,44967,44969],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44961,3639],{"class":74},[64,44963,877],{"class":91},[64,44965,44966],{"class":74}," your favorite color",[64,44968,2456],{"class":37324},[64,44970,35838],{"class":74},[64,44972,44973,44976,44978],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,44974,44975],{"class":74},"Your favorite color ",[64,44977,877],{"class":91},[64,44979,35838],{"class":74},[14,44981,19911],{},[21,44983,44984,44989,44994],{},[24,44985,44986,44987],{},"The prompt is ",[61,44988,44927],{},[24,44990,44991,44992],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[61,44993,32847],{},[24,44995,44996],{},"That value is then printed",[44874,44998],{},[49,45000,2120],{"id":2119},[14,45002,7186],{},[54,45004,45006],{"className":56,"code":45005,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"input(prompt)\n",[61,45007,45008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45009,45010,45012,45014,45017],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45011,42422],{"class":211},[64,45013,144],{"class":95},[64,45015,45016],{"class":140},"prompt",[64,45018,150],{"class":95},[14,45020,11432],{},[21,45022,45023,45027,45030],{},[24,45024,1944,45025,19993],{},[61,45026,45016],{},[24,45028,45029],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[24,45031,45032],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45034,45035],{},"Example with a prompt:",[54,45037,45039],{"className":56,"code":45038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[61,45040,45041,45060],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45042,45043,45045,45047,45049,45051,45053,45056,45058],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45044,7931],{"class":74},[64,45046,92],{"class":91},[64,45048,8212],{"class":211},[64,45050,144],{"class":95},[64,45052,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45054,45055],{"class":1422},"Enter your username: ",[64,45057,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45059,150],{"class":95},[64,45061,45062,45064,45066,45068],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45063,212],{"class":211},[64,45065,144],{"class":95},[64,45067,7955],{"class":140},[64,45069,150],{"class":95},[14,45071,45072],{},"Example without a prompt:",[54,45074,45076],{"className":56,"code":45075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[61,45077,45078,45088],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45079,45080,45082,45084,45086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45081,2411],{"class":74},[64,45083,92],{"class":91},[64,45085,8212],{"class":211},[64,45087,366],{"class":95},[64,45089,45090,45092,45094,45096],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45091,212],{"class":211},[64,45093,144],{"class":95},[64,45095,2436],{"class":140},[64,45097,150],{"class":95},[14,45099,7732,45100,45102],{},[61,45101,2919],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44874,45104],{},[49,45106,3639,45108,11679],{"id":45107},"what-input-returns",[61,45109,2919],{},[14,45111,45112,8195],{},[61,45113,2919],{},[14,45115,45116],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45118,318],{},[54,45120,45122],{"className":56,"code":45121,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[61,45123,45124,45143,45153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45125,45126,45128,45130,45132,45134,45136,45139,45141],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45127,21581],{"class":74},[64,45129,92],{"class":91},[64,45131,8212],{"class":211},[64,45133,144],{"class":95},[64,45135,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45137,45138],{"class":1422},"Enter your age: ",[64,45140,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45142,150],{"class":95},[64,45144,45145,45147,45149,45151],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45146,212],{"class":211},[64,45148,144],{"class":95},[64,45150,9270],{"class":140},[64,45152,150],{"class":95},[64,45154,45155,45157,45159,45161,45163,45165],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45156,212],{"class":211},[64,45158,144],{"class":95},[64,45160,1779],{"class":1778},[64,45162,144],{"class":95},[64,45164,9270],{"class":140},[64,45166,1737],{"class":95},[14,45168,29984],{},[54,45170,45172],{"className":56,"code":45171,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,45173,45174,45184,45188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45175,45176,45179,45181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45177,45178],{"class":74},"Enter your age",[64,45180,1117],{"class":95},[64,45182,45183],{"class":99}," 25\n",[64,45185,45186],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45187,2670],{"class":99},[64,45189,45190,45192,45194,45196,45198,45200],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45191,3250],{"class":91},[64,45193,3253],{"class":2029},[64,45195,3256],{"class":1418},[64,45197,3406],{"class":1422},[64,45199,3261],{"class":1418},[64,45201,3264],{"class":91},[14,45203,45204,45205,45207],{},"Even though the user typed ",[61,45206,9165],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45209,45210,45211,2839,45215,137],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[543,45212,45213],{"href":2835},[61,45214,2838],{},[543,45216,45217],{"href":2842},[61,45218,2845],{},[14,45220,318],{},[54,45222,45224],{"className":56,"code":45223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[61,45225,45226,45249,45259],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45227,45228,45230,45232,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45229,21581],{"class":74},[64,45231,92],{"class":91},[64,45233,45234],{"class":1778}," int",[64,45236,144],{"class":95},[64,45238,42422],{"class":211},[64,45240,144],{"class":95},[64,45242,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45244,45138],{"class":1422},[64,45246,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45248,1737],{"class":95},[64,45250,45251,45253,45255,45257],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45252,212],{"class":211},[64,45254,144],{"class":95},[64,45256,9270],{"class":140},[64,45258,150],{"class":95},[64,45260,45261,45263,45265,45267,45269,45271],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45262,212],{"class":211},[64,45264,144],{"class":95},[64,45266,1779],{"class":1778},[64,45268,144],{"class":95},[64,45270,9270],{"class":140},[64,45272,1737],{"class":95},[14,45274,29984],{},[54,45276,45278],{"className":56,"code":45277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[61,45279,45280,45288,45292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45281,45282,45284,45286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45283,45178],{"class":74},[64,45285,1117],{"class":95},[64,45287,45183],{"class":99},[64,45289,45290],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45291,2670],{"class":99},[64,45293,45294,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45295,3250],{"class":91},[64,45297,3253],{"class":2029},[64,45299,3256],{"class":1418},[64,45301,2152],{"class":1422},[64,45303,3261],{"class":1418},[64,45305,3264],{"class":91},[44874,45307],{},[49,45309,45311],{"id":45310},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[816,45313,45315],{"id":45314},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[54,45317,45319],{"className":56,"code":45318,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[61,45320,45321,45340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45322,45323,45325,45327,45329,45331,45333,45336,45338],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45324,7846],{"class":74},[64,45326,92],{"class":91},[64,45328,8212],{"class":211},[64,45330,144],{"class":95},[64,45332,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45334,45335],{"class":1422},"What is your name? ",[64,45337,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45339,150],{"class":95},[64,45341,45342,45344,45346,45348,45351,45353,45355,45357],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45343,212],{"class":211},[64,45345,144],{"class":95},[64,45347,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45349,45350],{"class":1422},"Hello,",[64,45352,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45354,103],{"class":95},[64,45356,35949],{"class":140},[64,45358,150],{"class":95},[14,45360,45361,45362,45364],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[61,45363,7637],{}," and prints it.",[816,45366,45368,45369],{"id":45367},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[61,45370,2838],{},[54,45372,45374],{"className":56,"code":45373,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[61,45375,45376,45399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45377,45378,45380,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392,45395,45397],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45379,21581],{"class":74},[64,45381,92],{"class":91},[64,45383,45234],{"class":1778},[64,45385,144],{"class":95},[64,45387,42422],{"class":211},[64,45389,144],{"class":95},[64,45391,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45393,45394],{"class":1422},"How old are you? ",[64,45396,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45398,1737],{"class":95},[64,45400,45401,45403,45405,45407,45410,45412,45414,45417,45419,45421],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45402,212],{"class":211},[64,45404,144],{"class":95},[64,45406,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45408,45409],{"class":1422},"Next year you will be",[64,45411,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45413,103],{"class":95},[64,45415,45416],{"class":140}," age ",[64,45418,2024],{"class":91},[64,45420,5465],{"class":99},[64,45422,150],{"class":95},[14,45424,6029,45425,45427,45428,45430],{},[61,45426,2838],{}," converts the text from ",[61,45429,2919],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45432,45433,45434,137],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[543,45435,8952],{"href":8951},[816,45437,45439],{"id":45438},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[54,45441,45443],{"className":56,"code":45442,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[61,45444,45445,45469,45493,45507,45511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45446,45447,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45462,45465,45467],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45448,45449],{"class":74},"num1 ",[64,45451,92],{"class":91},[64,45453,45234],{"class":1778},[64,45455,144],{"class":95},[64,45457,42422],{"class":211},[64,45459,144],{"class":95},[64,45461,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45463,45464],{"class":1422},"Enter the first number: ",[64,45466,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45468,1737],{"class":95},[64,45470,45471,45474,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484,45486,45489,45491],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45472,45473],{"class":74},"num2 ",[64,45475,92],{"class":91},[64,45477,45234],{"class":1778},[64,45479,144],{"class":95},[64,45481,42422],{"class":211},[64,45483,144],{"class":95},[64,45485,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45487,45488],{"class":1422},"Enter the second number: ",[64,45490,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45492,1737],{"class":95},[64,45494,45495,45497,45499,45502,45504],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45496,41141],{"class":74},[64,45498,92],{"class":91},[64,45500,45501],{"class":74}," num1 ",[64,45503,2024],{"class":91},[64,45505,45506],{"class":74}," num2\n",[64,45508,45509],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,45510,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,45512,45513,45515,45517,45519,45522,45524,45526,45529],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,45514,212],{"class":211},[64,45516,144],{"class":95},[64,45518,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45520,45521],{"class":1422},"Total:",[64,45523,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45525,103],{"class":95},[64,45527,45528],{"class":140}," total",[64,45530,150],{"class":95},[14,45532,29984],{},[54,45534,45536],{"className":56,"code":45535,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[61,45537,45538,45548,45557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45539,45540,45543,45545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45541,45542],{"class":74},"Enter the first number",[64,45544,1117],{"class":95},[64,45546,45547],{"class":99}," 2\n",[64,45549,45550,45553,45555],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45551,45552],{"class":74},"Enter the second number",[64,45554,1117],{"class":95},[64,45556,2540],{"class":99},[64,45558,45559,45562,45564],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45560,45561],{"class":74},"Total",[64,45563,1117],{"class":95},[64,45565,34800],{"class":99},[14,45567,45568],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45570,318],{},[54,45572,45574],{"className":56,"code":45573,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[61,45575,45576,45594,45612,45616],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45577,45578,45580,45582,45584,45586,45588,45590,45592],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45579,45449],{"class":74},[64,45581,92],{"class":91},[64,45583,8212],{"class":211},[64,45585,144],{"class":95},[64,45587,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45589,45464],{"class":1422},[64,45591,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45593,150],{"class":95},[64,45595,45596,45598,45600,45602,45604,45606,45608,45610],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45597,45473],{"class":74},[64,45599,92],{"class":91},[64,45601,8212],{"class":211},[64,45603,144],{"class":95},[64,45605,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45607,45488],{"class":1422},[64,45609,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45611,150],{"class":95},[64,45613,45614],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45615,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,45617,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626,45629],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,45619,212],{"class":211},[64,45621,144],{"class":95},[64,45623,45449],{"class":140},[64,45625,2024],{"class":91},[64,45627,45628],{"class":140}," num2",[64,45630,150],{"class":95},[14,45632,29984],{},[54,45634,45636],{"className":56,"code":45635,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[61,45637,45638,45646,45654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45639,45640,45642,45644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45641,45542],{"class":74},[64,45643,1117],{"class":95},[64,45645,45547],{"class":99},[64,45647,45648,45650,45652],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45649,45552],{"class":74},[64,45651,1117],{"class":95},[64,45653,2540],{"class":99},[64,45655,45656],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45657,45658],{"class":99},"23\n",[14,45660,45661,45662,45665,45666,137],{},"That happens because ",[61,45663,45664],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[61,45667,45668],{},"\"23\"",[44874,45670],{},[49,45672,45674],{"id":45673},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45676,45677,45678,137],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[61,45679,2919],{},[816,45681,4668,45683,41501],{"id":45682},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[61,45684,2919],{},[14,45686,39156],{},[54,45688,45690],{"className":56,"code":45689,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[61,45691,45692,45710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45693,45694,45696,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45695,2411],{"class":74},[64,45697,92],{"class":91},[64,45699,8212],{"class":211},[64,45701,144],{"class":95},[64,45703,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45705,41830],{"class":1422},[64,45707,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45709,150],{"class":95},[64,45711,45712,45714,45716,45718,45720,45722],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45713,212],{"class":211},[64,45715,144],{"class":95},[64,45717,1779],{"class":1778},[64,45719,144],{"class":95},[64,45721,2436],{"class":140},[64,45723,1737],{"class":95},[14,45725,2035],{},[54,45727,45729],{"className":56,"code":45728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,45730,45731],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45732,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45734,3250],{"class":91},[64,45736,3253],{"class":2029},[64,45738,3256],{"class":1418},[64,45740,3406],{"class":1422},[64,45742,3261],{"class":1418},[64,45744,3264],{"class":91},[14,45746,45747],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[816,45749,45751],{"id":45750},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45753,45754],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[54,45756,45758],{"className":56,"code":45757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[61,45759,45760,45778,45797],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45761,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772,45774,45776],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45763,1186],{"class":74},[64,45765,92],{"class":91},[64,45767,8212],{"class":211},[64,45769,144],{"class":95},[64,45771,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45773,41830],{"class":1422},[64,45775,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45777,150],{"class":95},[64,45779,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45793,45795],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45781,1202],{"class":74},[64,45783,92],{"class":91},[64,45785,8212],{"class":211},[64,45787,144],{"class":95},[64,45789,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45791,45792],{"class":1422},"Enter another number: ",[64,45794,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45796,150],{"class":95},[64,45798,45799,45801,45803,45805,45807,45809],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,45800,212],{"class":211},[64,45802,144],{"class":95},[64,45804,1186],{"class":140},[64,45806,2024],{"class":91},[64,45808,2522],{"class":140},[64,45810,150],{"class":95},[14,45812,41079,45813,40,45815,45817,45818,18917,45821,137],{},[61,45814,772],{},[61,45816,385],{},", the result is ",[61,45819,45820],{},"45",[61,45822,2106],{},[816,45824,45826,45827,45829,45830],{"id":45825},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[61,45828,40662],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[61,45831,2838],{},[14,45833,318],{},[54,45835,45837],{"className":56,"code":45836,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[61,45838,45839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45840,45841,45843,45845,45847,45849,45851,45853,45855,45857,45859],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45842,21581],{"class":74},[64,45844,92],{"class":91},[64,45846,45234],{"class":1778},[64,45848,144],{"class":95},[64,45850,42422],{"class":211},[64,45852,144],{"class":95},[64,45854,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45856,45138],{"class":1422},[64,45858,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45860,1737],{"class":95},[14,45862,8241,45863,45866,45867,137],{},[61,45864,45865],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[61,45868,40662],{},[14,45870,45871,45872,137],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[543,45873,45875],{"href":45874},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[816,45877,45879],{"id":45878},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45881,45882],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[54,45884,45886],{"className":56,"code":45885,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[61,45887,45888,45906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45889,45890,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45891,7846],{"class":74},[64,45893,92],{"class":91},[64,45895,8212],{"class":211},[64,45897,144],{"class":95},[64,45899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45901,44844],{"class":1422},[64,45903,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45905,150],{"class":95},[64,45907,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45909,212],{"class":211},[64,45911,144],{"class":95},[64,45913,41738],{"class":211},[64,45915,144],{"class":95},[64,45917,7637],{"class":140},[64,45919,1737],{"class":95},[14,45921,45922],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45924,45925,45926,1117],{},"You can remove them with ",[61,45927,45928],{},".strip()",[54,45930,45932],{"className":56,"code":45931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[61,45933,45934,45956],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,45935,45936,45938,45940,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950,45952,45954],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45937,7846],{"class":74},[64,45939,92],{"class":91},[64,45941,8212],{"class":211},[64,45943,144],{"class":95},[64,45945,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45947,44844],{"class":1422},[64,45949,1419],{"class":1418},[64,45951,8602],{"class":95},[64,45953,8605],{"class":140},[64,45955,366],{"class":95},[64,45957,45958,45960,45962,45964],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,45959,212],{"class":211},[64,45961,144],{"class":95},[64,45963,7637],{"class":140},[64,45965,150],{"class":95},[44874,45967],{},[49,45969,45971],{"id":45970},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45973,45974,45975,45977],{},"These habits make ",[61,45976,2919],{}," easier and safer to use.",[21,45979,45980,45983,45988,45991],{},[24,45981,45982],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[24,45984,256,45985,45987],{},[61,45986,45928],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[24,45989,45990],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[24,45992,256,45993,45995],{},[61,45994,29736],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45997,45998,45999,1117],{},"Example with ",[61,46000,45928],{},[54,46002,46004],{"className":56,"code":46003,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[61,46005,46006,46030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46007,46008,46011,46013,46015,46017,46019,46022,46024,46026,46028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46009,46010],{"class":74},"city ",[64,46012,92],{"class":91},[64,46014,8212],{"class":211},[64,46016,144],{"class":95},[64,46018,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46020,46021],{"class":1422},"Enter your city: ",[64,46023,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46025,8602],{"class":95},[64,46027,8605],{"class":140},[64,46029,366],{"class":95},[64,46031,46032,46034,46036,46038,46041,46043,46045,46047],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46033,212],{"class":211},[64,46035,144],{"class":95},[64,46037,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46039,46040],{"class":1422},"City:",[64,46042,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46044,103],{"class":95},[64,46046,31340],{"class":140},[64,46048,150],{"class":95},[14,46050,45998,46051,1117],{},[61,46052,29736],{},[54,46054,46056],{"className":56,"code":46055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[61,46057,46058,46064,46087,46119,46127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46059,46060,46062],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46061,29758],{"class":70},[64,46063,6363],{"class":95},[64,46065,46066,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46067,46068],{"class":74},"    age ",[64,46070,92],{"class":91},[64,46072,45234],{"class":1778},[64,46074,144],{"class":95},[64,46076,42422],{"class":211},[64,46078,144],{"class":95},[64,46080,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46082,45138],{"class":1422},[64,46084,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46086,1737],{"class":95},[64,46088,46089,46091,46093,46095,46098,46100,46102,46104,46106,46108,46110,46112,46115,46117],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46090,8039],{"class":211},[64,46092,144],{"class":95},[64,46094,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46096,46097],{"class":1422},"You will be",[64,46099,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46101,103],{"class":95},[64,46103,45416],{"class":140},[64,46105,2024],{"class":91},[64,46107,5465],{"class":99},[64,46109,103],{"class":95},[64,46111,3315],{"class":1418},[64,46113,46114],{"class":1422},"next year",[64,46116,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46118,150],{"class":95},[64,46120,46121,46123,46125],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,46122,29789],{"class":70},[64,46124,41885],{"class":1778},[64,46126,6363],{"class":95},[64,46128,46129,46131,46133,46135,46138,46140],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,46130,8039],{"class":211},[64,46132,144],{"class":95},[64,46134,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46136,46137],{"class":1422},"Please enter a whole number.",[64,46139,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46141,150],{"class":95},[14,46143,46144],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46146,46147,46148,137],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[543,46149,46151],{"href":46150},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44874,46153],{},[49,46155,1646],{"id":1645},[14,46157,46158,46159,1117],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[61,46160,2919],{},[21,46162,46163,46170,46173,46176],{},[24,46164,46165,46166,2839,46168],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[61,46167,2838],{},[61,46169,2845],{},[24,46171,46172],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[24,46174,46175],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[24,46177,46178],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46180,32038],{},[54,46182,46184],{"className":56,"code":46183,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[61,46185,46186,46196,46210],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46187,46188,46190,46192,46194],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46189,212],{"class":211},[64,46191,144],{"class":95},[64,46193,2436],{"class":140},[64,46195,150],{"class":95},[64,46197,46198,46200,46202,46204,46206,46208],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46199,212],{"class":211},[64,46201,144],{"class":95},[64,46203,1779],{"class":1778},[64,46205,144],{"class":95},[64,46207,2436],{"class":140},[64,46209,1737],{"class":95},[64,46211,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46213,212],{"class":211},[64,46215,144],{"class":95},[64,46217,41738],{"class":211},[64,46219,144],{"class":95},[64,46221,2436],{"class":140},[64,46223,1737],{"class":95},[14,46225,46226,46227,46229],{},"These help you inspect what ",[61,46228,2919],{}," actually returned:",[21,46231,46232,46237,46242],{},[24,46233,46234,46236],{},[61,46235,41786],{}," shows the value",[24,46238,46239,46241],{},[61,46240,41792],{}," shows the data type",[24,46243,46244,46246],{},[61,46245,41797],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46248,318],{},[54,46250,46252],{"className":56,"code":46251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[61,46253,46254,46273,46283,46297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46255,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266,46269,46271],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46257,2411],{"class":74},[64,46259,92],{"class":91},[64,46261,8212],{"class":211},[64,46263,144],{"class":95},[64,46265,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46267,46268],{"class":1422},"Enter something: ",[64,46270,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46272,150],{"class":95},[64,46274,46275,46277,46279,46281],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46276,212],{"class":211},[64,46278,144],{"class":95},[64,46280,2436],{"class":140},[64,46282,150],{"class":95},[64,46284,46285,46287,46289,46291,46293,46295],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46286,212],{"class":211},[64,46288,144],{"class":95},[64,46290,1779],{"class":1778},[64,46292,144],{"class":95},[64,46294,2436],{"class":140},[64,46296,1737],{"class":95},[64,46298,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,46300,212],{"class":211},[64,46302,144],{"class":95},[64,46304,41738],{"class":211},[64,46306,144],{"class":95},[64,46308,2436],{"class":140},[64,46310,1737],{"class":95},[44874,46312],{},[49,46314,1826],{"id":1825},[816,46316,12670,46318,46320],{"id":46317},"does-input-return-an-integer",[61,46319,2919],{}," return an integer?",[14,46322,46323,46324,46326,46327,39887],{},"No. ",[61,46325,2919],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[61,46328,2838],{},[816,46330,46332,46333,2456],{"id":46331},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[61,46334,2919],{},[14,46336,46337,46338,46340],{},"No. You can call ",[61,46339,2919],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[816,46342,5123,46344,46347,46348,2456],{"id":46343},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[61,46345,46346],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[61,46349,2919],{},[14,46351,29015,46352,46354,46355,42114,46357,46359],{},[61,46353,2919],{}," returns strings. ",[61,46356,45664],{},[61,46358,45668],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[816,46361,46363],{"id":46362},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46365,256,46366,46368,46369,137],{},[61,46367,45928],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[61,46370,46371],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44874,46373],{},[49,46375,1865],{"id":1864},[21,46377,46378,46383,46387,46393,46399,46403],{},[24,46379,46380],{},[543,46381,46382],{"href":46150},"How to get user input in Python",[24,46384,46385],{},[543,46386,9029],{"href":8951},[24,46388,46389],{},[543,46390,1877,46391,3472],{"href":2835},[61,46392,2838],{},[24,46394,46395],{},[543,46396,1877,46397,3472],{"href":2842},[61,46398,2845],{},[24,46400,46401],{},[543,46402,45875],{"href":45874},[24,46404,46405],{},[543,46406,1877,46408,3472],{"href":46407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[61,46409,46410],{},"print()",[1898,46412,46413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":46415},[46416,46417,46419,46420,46422,46428,46436,46437,46438,46447],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":44878,"depth":78,"text":46418},"What input() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":45107,"depth":78,"text":46421},"What input() returns",{"id":45310,"depth":78,"text":45311,"children":46423},[46424,46425,46427],{"id":45314,"depth":85,"text":45315},{"id":45367,"depth":85,"text":46426},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45438,"depth":85,"text":45439},{"id":45673,"depth":78,"text":45674,"children":46429},[46430,46432,46433,46435],{"id":45682,"depth":85,"text":46431},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45750,"depth":85,"text":45751},{"id":45825,"depth":85,"text":46434},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45878,"depth":85,"text":45879},{"id":45970,"depth":78,"text":45971},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":46439},[46440,46442,46444,46446],{"id":46317,"depth":85,"text":46441},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46331,"depth":85,"text":46443},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46343,"depth":85,"text":46445},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46362,"depth":85,"text":46363},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42153,"description":46448},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46455,"title":42055,"body":46456,"description":48768,"extension":1927,"meta":48769,"navigation":81,"path":48770,"seo":48771,"stem":48772,"__hash__":48773},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46457,"toc":48720},[46458,46463,46468,46473,46494,46497,46499,46559,46561,46580,46585,46590,46595,46597,46610,46612,46695,46697,46738,46744,46746,46776,46782,46785,46802,46804,46856,46858,46876,46882,46888,46891,46909,46911,46984,46986,47005,47012,47018,47023,47026,47086,47088,47107,47110,47113,47128,47134,47138,47199,47201,47222,47226,47355,47357,47487,47496,47502,47508,47516,47582,47584,47609,47612,47629,47642,47648,47651,47684,47686,47699,47702,47745,47747,47755,47762,47766,47773,47777,47804,47806,47814,47820,47837,47842,47846,47873,47875,47883,47887,47892,47895,47921,47924,47933,47941,47945,47955,47959,47962,47964,48015,48017,48047,48057,48084,48086,48094,48104,48108,48111,48113,48161,48163,48207,48213,48264,48266,48285,48290,48295,48298,48317,48320,48372,48374,48383,48385,48389,48393,48396,48405,48412,48414,48441,48445,48447,48456,48459,48466,48472,48532,48536,48538,48546,48549,48575,48581,48584,48604,48606,48615,48623,48625,48631,48636,48643,48653,48659,48667,48671,48674,48676,48717],[10,46459,1877,46461,3542],{"id":46460},"python-int-function-explained",[61,46462,2838],{},[14,46464,32273,46465,46467],{},[61,46466,2838],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46469,35362,46470,46472],{},[61,46471,2838],{}," when they want to:",[21,46474,46475,46485,46488,46491],{},[24,46476,46477,46478,46481,46482],{},"turn text like ",[61,46479,46480],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[61,46483,46484],{},"42",[24,46486,46487],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[24,46489,46490],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[24,46492,46493],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46495,46496],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[49,46498,52],{"id":51},[54,46500,46502],{"className":56,"code":46501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[61,46503,46504,46522,46536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46505,46506,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46507,212],{"class":211},[64,46509,144],{"class":95},[64,46511,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46513,144],{"class":95},[64,46515,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46517,46484],{"class":1422},[64,46519,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46521,1737],{"class":95},[64,46523,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532,46534],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46525,212],{"class":211},[64,46527,144],{"class":95},[64,46529,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46531,144],{"class":95},[64,46533,41943],{"class":99},[64,46535,1737],{"class":95},[64,46537,46538,46540,46542,46544,46546,46548,46551,46553,46555,46557],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46539,212],{"class":211},[64,46541,144],{"class":95},[64,46543,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46545,144],{"class":95},[64,46547,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46549,46550],{"class":1422},"101",[64,46552,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46554,103],{"class":95},[64,46556,106],{"class":99},[64,46558,1737],{"class":95},[14,46560,2035],{},[54,46562,46564],{"className":56,"code":46563,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n3\n5\n",[61,46565,46566,46571,46576],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46567,46568],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46569,46570],{"class":99},"42\n",[64,46572,46573],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46574,46575],{"class":99},"3\n",[64,46577,46578],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46579,2908],{"class":99},[14,46581,256,46582,46584],{},[61,46583,2838],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[49,46586,3639,46588,3642],{"id":46587},"what-int-does",[61,46589,2838],{},[14,46591,46592,46594],{},[61,46593,2838],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46596,13017],{},[21,46598,46599,46604,46607],{},[24,46600,46601,46602,7308],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[61,46603,2152],{},[24,46605,46606],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[24,46608,46609],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46611,318],{},[54,46613,46615],{"className":56,"code":46614,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[61,46616,46617,46629,46643,46647,46657,46667,46681],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46618,46619,46621,46623,46625,46627],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46620,34645],{"class":74},[64,46622,92],{"class":91},[64,46624,3315],{"class":1418},[64,46626,9165],{"class":1422},[64,46628,3321],{"class":1418},[64,46630,46631,46633,46635,46637,46639,46641],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46632,2181],{"class":74},[64,46634,92],{"class":91},[64,46636,45234],{"class":1778},[64,46638,144],{"class":95},[64,46640,34666],{"class":140},[64,46642,150],{"class":95},[64,46644,46645],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46646,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,46648,46649,46651,46653,46655],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,46650,212],{"class":211},[64,46652,144],{"class":95},[64,46654,34666],{"class":140},[64,46656,150],{"class":95},[64,46658,46659,46661,46663,46665],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,46660,212],{"class":211},[64,46662,144],{"class":95},[64,46664,2204],{"class":140},[64,46666,150],{"class":95},[64,46668,46669,46671,46673,46675,46677,46679],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,46670,212],{"class":211},[64,46672,144],{"class":95},[64,46674,1779],{"class":1778},[64,46676,144],{"class":95},[64,46678,34666],{"class":140},[64,46680,1737],{"class":95},[64,46682,46683,46685,46687,46689,46691,46693],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,46684,212],{"class":211},[64,46686,144],{"class":95},[64,46688,1779],{"class":1778},[64,46690,144],{"class":95},[64,46692,2204],{"class":140},[64,46694,1737],{"class":95},[14,46696,2035],{},[54,46698,46700],{"className":56,"code":46699,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[61,46701,46702,46706,46710,46724],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46703,46704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46705,2670],{"class":99},[64,46707,46708],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46709,2670],{"class":99},[64,46711,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46713,3250],{"class":91},[64,46715,3253],{"class":2029},[64,46717,3256],{"class":1418},[64,46719,3406],{"class":1422},[64,46721,3261],{"class":1418},[64,46723,3264],{"class":91},[64,46725,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,46727,3250],{"class":91},[64,46729,3253],{"class":2029},[64,46731,3256],{"class":1418},[64,46733,2152],{"class":1422},[64,46735,3261],{"class":1418},[64,46737,3264],{"class":91},[14,46739,46740,46741,46743],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[61,46742,2838],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[49,46745,2120],{"id":2119},[54,46747,46749],{"className":56,"code":46748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[61,46750,46751,46761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46752,46753,46755,46757,46759],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46754,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46756,144],{"class":95},[64,46758,2137],{"class":140},[64,46760,150],{"class":95},[64,46762,46763,46765,46767,46769,46771,46774],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46764,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46766,144],{"class":95},[64,46768,2137],{"class":140},[64,46770,103],{"class":95},[64,46772,46773],{"class":140}," base",[64,46775,150],{"class":95},[816,46777,46779],{"id":46778},"intx",[61,46780,46781],{},"int(x)",[14,46783,46784],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[21,46786,46787,46792,46797],{},[24,46788,46789,46790],{},"a string such as ",[61,46791,42085],{},[24,46793,46794,46795],{},"a float such as ",[61,46796,41943],{},[24,46798,46799,46800],{},"a boolean such as ",[61,46801,3567],{},[14,46803,318],{},[54,46805,46807],{"className":56,"code":46806,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[61,46808,46809,46827,46842],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46810,46811,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46812,212],{"class":211},[64,46814,144],{"class":95},[64,46816,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46818,144],{"class":95},[64,46820,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46822,1432],{"class":1422},[64,46824,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46826,1737],{"class":95},[64,46828,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837,46840],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46830,212],{"class":211},[64,46832,144],{"class":95},[64,46834,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46836,144],{"class":95},[64,46838,46839],{"class":99},"8.7",[64,46841,1737],{"class":95},[64,46843,46844,46846,46848,46850,46852,46854],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46845,212],{"class":211},[64,46847,144],{"class":95},[64,46849,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46851,144],{"class":95},[64,46853,3567],{"class":3816},[64,46855,1737],{"class":95},[14,46857,2035],{},[54,46859,46861],{"className":56,"code":46860,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n8\n1\n",[61,46862,46863,46867,46871],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46864,46865],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46866,2340],{"class":99},[64,46868,46869],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46870,2345],{"class":99},[64,46872,46873],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46874,46875],{"class":99},"1\n",[816,46877,46879],{"id":46878},"intx-base",[61,46880,46881],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46883,46884,46885,46887],{},"Use this form when ",[61,46886,2137],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46889,46890],{},"Common bases:",[21,46892,46893,46898,46903],{},[24,46894,46895,46897],{},[61,46896,2021],{}," for binary",[24,46899,46900,46902],{},[61,46901,2309],{}," for octal",[24,46904,46905,46908],{},[61,46906,46907],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46910,318],{},[54,46912,46914],{"className":56,"code":46913,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[61,46915,46916,46938,46961],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46917,46918,46920,46922,46924,46926,46928,46930,46932,46934,46936],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46919,212],{"class":211},[64,46921,144],{"class":95},[64,46923,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46925,144],{"class":95},[64,46927,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46929,46550],{"class":1422},[64,46931,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46933,103],{"class":95},[64,46935,106],{"class":99},[64,46937,1737],{"class":95},[64,46939,46940,46942,46944,46946,46948,46950,46953,46955,46957,46959],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46941,212],{"class":211},[64,46943,144],{"class":95},[64,46945,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46947,144],{"class":95},[64,46949,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46951,46952],{"class":1422},"17",[64,46954,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46956,103],{"class":95},[64,46958,6329],{"class":99},[64,46960,1737],{"class":95},[64,46962,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973,46976,46978,46980,46982],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,46964,212],{"class":211},[64,46966,144],{"class":95},[64,46968,2152],{"class":1778},[64,46970,144],{"class":95},[64,46972,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46974,46975],{"class":1422},"1A",[64,46977,1419],{"class":1418},[64,46979,103],{"class":95},[64,46981,13949],{"class":99},[64,46983,1737],{"class":95},[14,46985,2035],{},[54,46987,46989],{"className":56,"code":46988,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n15\n26\n",[61,46990,46991,46995,47000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,46992,46993],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46994,2908],{"class":99},[64,46996,46997],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,46998,46999],{"class":99},"15\n",[64,47001,47002],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47003,47004],{"class":99},"26\n",[14,47006,47007,47008,137],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[543,47009,47010,2267],{"href":2842},[61,47011,2845],{},[49,47013,1654,47015,47017],{"id":47014},"using-int-with-strings",[61,47016,2838],{}," with strings",[14,47019,47020,47022],{},[61,47021,2838],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47024,47025],{},"Examples that work:",[54,47027,47029],{"className":56,"code":47028,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[61,47030,47031,47049,47067],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47032,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045,47047],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47034,212],{"class":211},[64,47036,144],{"class":95},[64,47038,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47040,144],{"class":95},[64,47042,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47044,385],{"class":1422},[64,47046,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47048,1737],{"class":95},[64,47050,47051,47053,47055,47057,47059,47061,47063,47065],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47052,212],{"class":211},[64,47054,144],{"class":95},[64,47056,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47058,144],{"class":95},[64,47060,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47062,2257],{"class":1422},[64,47064,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47066,1737],{"class":95},[64,47068,47069,47071,47073,47075,47077,47079,47082,47084],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47070,212],{"class":211},[64,47072,144],{"class":95},[64,47074,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47076,144],{"class":95},[64,47078,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47080,47081],{"class":1422},"  42  ",[64,47083,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47085,1737],{"class":95},[14,47087,2035],{},[54,47089,47091],{"className":56,"code":47090,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n-12\n42\n",[61,47092,47093,47097,47103],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47094,47095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47096,2908],{"class":99},[64,47098,47099,47101],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47100,1986],{"class":91},[64,47102,2189],{"class":99},[64,47104,47105],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47106,46570],{"class":99},[14,47108,47109],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47111,47112],{},"Examples that fail:",[54,47114,47116],{"className":56,"code":47115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[61,47117,47118,47123],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47119,47120],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47121,47122],{"class":222},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[64,47124,47125],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47126,47127],{"class":222},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47129,47130,47131,47133],{},"These raise ",[61,47132,40662],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[816,47135,47137],{"id":47136},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[54,47139,47141],{"className":56,"code":47140,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[61,47142,47143,47161,47180],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47144,47145,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47146,212],{"class":211},[64,47148,144],{"class":95},[64,47150,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47152,144],{"class":95},[64,47154,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47156,187],{"class":1422},[64,47158,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47160,1737],{"class":95},[64,47162,47163,47165,47167,47169,47171,47173,47176,47178],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47164,212],{"class":211},[64,47166,144],{"class":95},[64,47168,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47170,144],{"class":95},[64,47172,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47174,47175],{"class":1422},"+7",[64,47177,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47179,1737],{"class":95},[64,47181,47182,47184,47186,47188,47190,47192,47195,47197],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47183,212],{"class":211},[64,47185,144],{"class":95},[64,47187,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47189,144],{"class":95},[64,47191,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47193,47194],{"class":1422},"-100",[64,47196,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47198,1737],{"class":95},[14,47200,2035],{},[54,47202,47204],{"className":56,"code":47203,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n7\n-100\n",[61,47205,47206,47211,47215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47207,47208],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47209,47210],{"class":99},"0\n",[64,47212,47213],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47214,2045],{"class":99},[64,47216,47217,47219],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47218,1986],{"class":91},[64,47220,47221],{"class":99},"100\n",[816,47223,47225],{"id":47224},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[54,47227,47229],{"className":56,"code":47228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[61,47230,47231,47269,47273,47285,47292,47307,47322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47232,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243,47245,47247,47249,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260,47262,47265,47267],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47234,3786],{"class":74},[64,47236,92],{"class":91},[64,47238,112],{"class":95},[64,47240,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47242,40101],{"class":1422},[64,47244,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47246,103],{"class":95},[64,47248,3315],{"class":1418},[64,47250,47251],{"class":1422},"12abc",[64,47253,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47255,103],{"class":95},[64,47257,6095],{"class":1418},[64,47259,103],{"class":95},[64,47261,3315],{"class":1418},[64,47263,47264],{"class":1422},"seven",[64,47266,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47268,746],{"class":95},[64,47270,47271],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47272,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,47274,47275,47277,47279,47281,47283],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47276,5926],{"class":70},[64,47278,21537],{"class":74},[64,47280,3847],{"class":70},[64,47282,3850],{"class":74},[64,47284,6363],{"class":95},[64,47286,47287,47290],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,47288,47289],{"class":70},"    try",[64,47291,6363],{"class":95},[64,47293,47294,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,47295,47296],{"class":211},"        print",[64,47298,144],{"class":95},[64,47300,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47302,144],{"class":95},[64,47304,2436],{"class":140},[64,47306,1737],{"class":95},[64,47308,47309,47312,47314,47317,47320],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,47310,47311],{"class":70},"    except",[64,47313,41885],{"class":1778},[64,47315,47316],{"class":70}," as",[64,47318,47319],{"class":74}," error",[64,47321,6363],{"class":95},[64,47323,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332,47334,47336,47339,47341,47344,47346,47349,47351,47353],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,47325,47296],{"class":211},[64,47327,144],{"class":95},[64,47329,22247],{"class":2029},[64,47331,1419],{"class":1422},[64,47333,9249],{"class":99},[64,47335,2436],{"class":140},[64,47337,47338],{"class":2029},"!r",[64,47340,22256],{"class":99},[64,47342,47343],{"class":1422}," -> ",[64,47345,9249],{"class":99},[64,47347,47348],{"class":140},"error",[64,47350,22256],{"class":99},[64,47352,1419],{"class":1422},[64,47354,150],{"class":95},[14,47356,2035],{},[54,47358,47360],{"className":56,"code":47359,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[61,47361,47362,47398,47430,47455],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47363,47364,47366,47368,47370,47373,47376,47378,47380,47382,47385,47388,47390,47392,47394,47396],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47365,3261],{"class":43288},[64,47367,40101],{"class":43292},[64,47369,3261],{"class":43288},[64,47371,47372],{"class":37324}," ->",[64,47374,47375],{"class":74}," invalid literal ",[64,47377,5926],{"class":70},[64,47379,45234],{"class":1778},[64,47381,7334],{"class":95},[64,47383,47384],{"class":70}," with",[64,47386,47387],{"class":74}," base ",[64,47389,1432],{"class":99},[64,47391,1117],{"class":95},[64,47393,3256],{"class":1418},[64,47395,40101],{"class":1422},[64,47397,29654],{"class":1418},[64,47399,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424,47426,47428],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47401,3261],{"class":1418},[64,47403,47251],{"class":1422},[64,47405,3261],{"class":1418},[64,47407,47372],{"class":37324},[64,47409,47375],{"class":74},[64,47411,5926],{"class":70},[64,47413,45234],{"class":1778},[64,47415,7334],{"class":95},[64,47417,47384],{"class":70},[64,47419,47387],{"class":74},[64,47421,1432],{"class":99},[64,47423,1117],{"class":95},[64,47425,3256],{"class":1418},[64,47427,47251],{"class":1422},[64,47429,29654],{"class":1418},[64,47431,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450,47452],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47433,3736],{"class":1418},[64,47435,47372],{"class":37324},[64,47437,47375],{"class":74},[64,47439,5926],{"class":70},[64,47441,45234],{"class":1778},[64,47443,7334],{"class":95},[64,47445,47384],{"class":70},[64,47447,47387],{"class":74},[64,47449,1432],{"class":99},[64,47451,1117],{"class":95},[64,47453,47454],{"class":1418}," ''\n",[64,47456,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,47458,3261],{"class":1418},[64,47460,47264],{"class":1422},[64,47462,3261],{"class":1418},[64,47464,47372],{"class":37324},[64,47466,47375],{"class":74},[64,47468,5926],{"class":70},[64,47470,45234],{"class":1778},[64,47472,7334],{"class":95},[64,47474,47384],{"class":70},[64,47476,47387],{"class":74},[64,47478,1432],{"class":99},[64,47480,1117],{"class":95},[64,47482,3256],{"class":1418},[64,47484,47264],{"class":1422},[64,47486,29654],{"class":1418},[14,47488,47489,47490,1249,47492,137],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[543,47491,8952],{"href":8951},[543,47493,47494,2267],{"href":8189},[61,47495,2919],{},[49,47497,1654,47499,47501],{"id":47498},"using-int-with-floats",[61,47500,2838],{}," with floats",[14,47503,47504,47505,47507],{},"When you pass a float to ",[61,47506,2838],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47509,47510,47511,14015,47513,47515],{},"Important: ",[61,47512,2838],{},[37,47514,300],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[54,47517,47519],{"className":56,"code":47518,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[61,47520,47521,47535,47550,47566],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47522,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47524,212],{"class":211},[64,47526,144],{"class":95},[64,47528,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47530,144],{"class":95},[64,47532,41943],{"class":99},[64,47534,1737],{"class":95},[64,47536,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47548],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47538,212],{"class":211},[64,47540,144],{"class":95},[64,47542,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47544,144],{"class":95},[64,47546,47547],{"class":99},"3.1",[64,47549,1737],{"class":95},[64,47551,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47553,212],{"class":211},[64,47555,144],{"class":95},[64,47557,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47559,144],{"class":95},[64,47561,1986],{"class":91},[64,47563,41943],{"class":99},[64,47565,1737],{"class":95},[64,47567,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47580],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,47569,212],{"class":211},[64,47571,144],{"class":95},[64,47573,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47575,144],{"class":95},[64,47577,1986],{"class":91},[64,47579,47547],{"class":99},[64,47581,1737],{"class":95},[14,47583,2035],{},[54,47585,47587],{"className":56,"code":47586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[61,47588,47589,47593,47597,47603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47590,47591],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47592,46575],{"class":99},[64,47594,47595],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47596,46575],{"class":99},[64,47598,47599,47601],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47600,1986],{"class":91},[64,47602,46575],{"class":99},[64,47604,47605,47607],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,47606,1986],{"class":91},[64,47608,46575],{"class":99},[14,47610,47611],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[21,47613,47614,47621],{},[24,47615,47616,42114,47619],{},[61,47617,47618],{},"int(3.9)",[61,47620,115],{},[24,47622,47623,42114,47626],{},[61,47624,47625],{},"int(-3.9)",[61,47627,47628],{},"-3",[14,47630,47631,47632,47636,47637,137],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[543,47633,47634],{"href":2842},[61,47635,2845],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[543,47638,47639],{"href":42134},[61,47640,47641],{},"str()",[49,47643,1654,47645,47647],{"id":47644},"using-int-with-booleans",[61,47646,2838],{}," with booleans",[14,47649,47650],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[54,47652,47654],{"className":56,"code":47653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[61,47655,47656,47670],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47657,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47659,212],{"class":211},[64,47661,144],{"class":95},[64,47663,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47665,144],{"class":95},[64,47667,3567],{"class":3816},[64,47669,1737],{"class":95},[64,47671,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47673,212],{"class":211},[64,47675,144],{"class":95},[64,47677,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47679,144],{"class":95},[64,47681,3635],{"class":3816},[64,47683,1737],{"class":95},[14,47685,2035],{},[54,47687,47689],{"className":56,"code":47688,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n0\n",[61,47690,47691,47695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47692,47693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47694,46875],{"class":99},[64,47696,47697],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47698,47210],{"class":99},[14,47700,47701],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[54,47703,47705],{"className":56,"code":47704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[61,47706,47707,47716,47731,47735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47708,47709,47712,47714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47710,47711],{"class":74},"passed ",[64,47713,92],{"class":91},[64,47715,6392],{"class":3816},[64,47717,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47729],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47719,41141],{"class":74},[64,47721,92],{"class":91},[64,47723,45234],{"class":1778},[64,47725,144],{"class":95},[64,47727,47728],{"class":140},"passed",[64,47730,150],{"class":95},[64,47732,47733],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47734,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,47736,47737,47739,47741,47743],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,47738,212],{"class":211},[64,47740,144],{"class":95},[64,47742,41170],{"class":140},[64,47744,150],{"class":95},[14,47746,2035],{},[54,47748,47749],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,47750,47751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47752,47753],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47754,46875],{"class":99},[14,47756,47757,47758,137],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[543,47759,47760,2267],{"href":5748},[61,47761,3776],{},[49,47763,47765],{"id":47764},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47767,47768,47769,47772],{},"Use the ",[61,47770,47771],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[816,47774,47776],{"id":47775},"binary-example","Binary example",[54,47778,47780],{"className":56,"code":47779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[61,47781,47782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47783,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794,47796,47798,47800,47802],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47785,212],{"class":211},[64,47787,144],{"class":95},[64,47789,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47791,144],{"class":95},[64,47793,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47795,46550],{"class":1422},[64,47797,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47799,103],{"class":95},[64,47801,106],{"class":99},[64,47803,1737],{"class":95},[14,47805,2035],{},[54,47807,47808],{"className":56,"code":2908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,47809,47810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47811,47812],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47813,2908],{"class":99},[14,47815,47816,47819],{},[61,47817,47818],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[21,47821,47822,47827,47832],{},[24,47823,47824],{},[61,47825,47826],{},"1 × 4",[24,47828,47829],{},[61,47830,47831],{},"0 × 2",[24,47833,47834],{},[61,47835,47836],{},"1 × 1",[14,47838,47839,47840,137],{},"So the result is ",[61,47841,385],{},[816,47843,47845],{"id":47844},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[54,47847,47849],{"className":56,"code":47848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[61,47850,47851],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47852,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861,47863,47865,47867,47869,47871],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47854,212],{"class":211},[64,47856,144],{"class":95},[64,47858,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47860,144],{"class":95},[64,47862,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47864,46975],{"class":1422},[64,47866,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47868,103],{"class":95},[64,47870,13949],{"class":99},[64,47872,1737],{"class":95},[14,47874,2035],{},[54,47876,47877],{"className":56,"code":47004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,47878,47879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47880,47881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47882,47004],{"class":99},[816,47884,47886],{"id":47885},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47888,1944,47889,47891],{},[61,47890,47771],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47893,47894],{},"Good:",[54,47896,47897],{"className":56,"code":47779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,47898,47899],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47900,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47902,212],{"class":211},[64,47904,144],{"class":95},[64,47906,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47908,144],{"class":95},[64,47910,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47912,46550],{"class":1422},[64,47914,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47916,103],{"class":95},[64,47918,106],{"class":99},[64,47920,1737],{"class":95},[14,47922,47923],{},"Not correct:",[54,47925,47927],{"className":56,"code":47926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(101, 2)\n",[61,47928,47929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47930,47931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47932,47926],{"class":222},[14,47934,47935,47936,8572,47938,47940],{},"That causes a ",[61,47937,2964],{},[61,47939,47771],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[49,47942,47944],{"id":47943},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47946,47947,47948,47950,47951,40,47953,137],{},"Two common errors with ",[61,47949,2838],{}," are ",[61,47952,40662],{},[61,47954,2964],{},[816,47956,47957],{"id":41472},[61,47958,40662],{},[14,47960,47961],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47963,318],{},[54,47965,47967],{"className":56,"code":47966,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[61,47968,47969,47975,47993,48005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,47970,47971,47973],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47972,29758],{"class":70},[64,47974,6363],{"class":95},[64,47976,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,47978,8039],{"class":211},[64,47980,144],{"class":95},[64,47982,2152],{"class":1778},[64,47984,144],{"class":95},[64,47986,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47988,40101],{"class":1422},[64,47990,1419],{"class":1418},[64,47992,1737],{"class":95},[64,47994,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,47996,29789],{"class":70},[64,47998,41885],{"class":1778},[64,48000,47316],{"class":70},[64,48002,47319],{"class":74},[64,48004,6363],{"class":95},[64,48006,48007,48009,48011,48013],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,48008,8039],{"class":211},[64,48010,144],{"class":95},[64,48012,47348],{"class":140},[64,48014,150],{"class":95},[14,48016,2035],{},[54,48018,48020],{"className":56,"code":48019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[61,48021,48022],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48023,48024,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037,48039,48041,48043,48045],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48025,48026],{"class":74},"invalid literal ",[64,48028,5926],{"class":70},[64,48030,45234],{"class":1778},[64,48032,7334],{"class":95},[64,48034,47384],{"class":70},[64,48036,47387],{"class":74},[64,48038,1432],{"class":99},[64,48040,1117],{"class":95},[64,48042,3256],{"class":1418},[64,48044,40101],{"class":1422},[64,48046,29654],{"class":1418},[14,48048,48049,48050,48053,48054,48056],{},"A decimal string like ",[61,48051,48052],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[61,48055,2838],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[54,48058,48060],{"className":56,"code":48059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[61,48061,48062],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48063,48064,48066,48068,48070,48072,48074,48076,48078,48080,48082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48065,212],{"class":211},[64,48067,144],{"class":95},[64,48069,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48071,144],{"class":95},[64,48073,2156],{"class":1778},[64,48075,144],{"class":95},[64,48077,1419],{"class":1418},[64,48079,40101],{"class":1422},[64,48081,1419],{"class":1418},[64,48083,2873],{"class":95},[14,48085,2035],{},[54,48087,48088],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,48089,48090],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48091,48092],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48093,46575],{"class":99},[14,48095,48096,48097,40,48100,137],{},"If you see this often, read ",[543,48098,48099],{"href":2923},"how to convert string to int in Python",[543,48101,25634,48102],{"href":45874},[61,48103,45875],{},[816,48105,48106],{"id":41538},[61,48107,2964],{},[14,48109,48110],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48112,318],{},[54,48114,48116],{"className":56,"code":48115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[61,48117,48118,48124,48138,48151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48119,48120,48122],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48121,29758],{"class":70},[64,48123,6363],{"class":95},[64,48125,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134,48136],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,48127,8039],{"class":211},[64,48129,144],{"class":95},[64,48131,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48133,144],{"class":95},[64,48135,3741],{"class":3816},[64,48137,1737],{"class":95},[64,48139,48140,48142,48145,48147,48149],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,48141,29789],{"class":70},[64,48143,48144],{"class":1778}," TypeError",[64,48146,47316],{"class":70},[64,48148,47319],{"class":74},[64,48150,6363],{"class":95},[64,48152,48153,48155,48157,48159],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,48154,8039],{"class":211},[64,48156,144],{"class":95},[64,48158,47348],{"class":140},[64,48160,150],{"class":95},[14,48162,2035],{},[54,48164,48166],{"className":56,"code":48165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[61,48167,48168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48169,48170,48172,48174,48177,48179,48181,48184,48186,48189,48191,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202,48205],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48171,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48173,7334],{"class":95},[64,48175,48176],{"class":74}," argument must be a string",[64,48178,103],{"class":95},[64,48180,44502],{"class":74},[64,48182,48183],{"class":1778},"bytes",[64,48185,1986],{"class":91},[64,48187,48188],{"class":74},"like ",[64,48190,42358],{"class":1778},[64,48192,48193],{"class":91}," or",[64,48195,40798],{"class":74},[64,48197,103],{"class":95},[64,48199,8069],{"class":91},[64,48201,3256],{"class":1418},[64,48203,48204],{"class":1422},"NoneType",[64,48206,29654],{"class":1418},[14,48208,48209,48210,48212],{},"Another example is using the ",[61,48211,47771],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[54,48214,48216],{"className":56,"code":48215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[61,48217,48218,48224,48242,48254],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48219,48220,48222],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48221,29758],{"class":70},[64,48223,6363],{"class":95},[64,48225,48226,48228,48230,48232,48234,48236,48238,48240],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,48227,8039],{"class":211},[64,48229,144],{"class":95},[64,48231,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48233,144],{"class":95},[64,48235,46550],{"class":99},[64,48237,103],{"class":95},[64,48239,106],{"class":99},[64,48241,1737],{"class":95},[64,48243,48244,48246,48248,48250,48252],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,48245,29789],{"class":70},[64,48247,48144],{"class":1778},[64,48249,47316],{"class":70},[64,48251,47319],{"class":74},[64,48253,6363],{"class":95},[64,48255,48256,48258,48260,48262],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,48257,8039],{"class":211},[64,48259,144],{"class":95},[64,48261,47348],{"class":140},[64,48263,150],{"class":95},[14,48265,2035],{},[54,48267,48269],{"className":56,"code":48268,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[61,48270,48271],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48272,48273,48275,48277,48280,48282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48274,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48276,7334],{"class":95},[64,48278,48279],{"class":74}," can",[64,48281,3261],{"class":1418},[64,48283,48284],{"class":1422},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[49,48286,4925,48288],{"id":48287},"when-to-use-int",[61,48289,2838],{},[14,48291,256,48292,48294],{},[61,48293,2838],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48296,48297],{},"Common uses:",[21,48299,48300,48306,48309,48312],{},[24,48301,48302,48303,48305],{},"Convert user input from ",[61,48304,2919],{}," into integers",[24,48307,48308],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[24,48310,48311],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[24,48313,48314,48315,36573],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[61,48316,47771],{},[14,48318,48319],{},"Example with user input:",[54,48321,48323],{"className":56,"code":48322,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[61,48324,48325,48339,48354,48358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48326,48327,48330,48332,48334,48337],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48328,48329],{"class":74},"age_text ",[64,48331,92],{"class":91},[64,48333,3315],{"class":1418},[64,48335,48336],{"class":1422},"18",[64,48338,3321],{"class":1418},[64,48340,48341,48343,48345,48347,48349,48352],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,48342,21581],{"class":74},[64,48344,92],{"class":91},[64,48346,45234],{"class":1778},[64,48348,144],{"class":95},[64,48350,48351],{"class":140},"age_text",[64,48353,150],{"class":95},[64,48355,48356],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,48357,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,48359,48360,48362,48364,48366,48368,48370],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,48361,212],{"class":211},[64,48363,144],{"class":95},[64,48365,21581],{"class":140},[64,48367,2024],{"class":91},[64,48369,5465],{"class":99},[64,48371,150],{"class":95},[14,48373,2035],{},[54,48375,48377],{"className":56,"code":48376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"19\n",[61,48378,48379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48380,48381],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48382,48376],{"class":99},[49,48384,1646],{"id":1645},[14,48386,14689,48387,137],{},[61,48388,2838],{},[816,48390,48392],{"id":48391},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48394,48395],{},"This fails:",[54,48397,48399],{"className":56,"code":48398,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[61,48400,48401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48402,48403],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48404,48398],{"class":222},[14,48406,48407,48408,48411],{},"Why: ",[61,48409,48410],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48413,18794],{},[54,48415,48417],{"className":56,"code":48416,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[61,48418,48419],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48420,48421,48423,48425,48427,48429,48431,48433,48435,48437,48439],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48422,212],{"class":211},[64,48424,144],{"class":95},[64,48426,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48428,144],{"class":95},[64,48430,2156],{"class":1778},[64,48432,144],{"class":95},[64,48434,1419],{"class":1418},[64,48436,41082],{"class":1422},[64,48438,1419],{"class":1418},[64,48440,2873],{"class":95},[816,48442,48444],{"id":48443},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48446,48395],{},[54,48448,48450],{"className":56,"code":48449,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[61,48451,48452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48453,48454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48455,48449],{"class":222},[14,48457,48458],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[816,48460,48462,48463],{"id":48461},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[61,48464,48465],{},"int(None)",[14,48467,48468,48469,48471],{},"This fails because ",[61,48470,3741],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[54,48473,48475],{"className":56,"code":48474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[61,48476,48477,48486,48490,48496,48510,48522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48478,48479,48481,48483],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48480,2411],{"class":74},[64,48482,92],{"class":91},[64,48484,48485],{"class":3816}," None\n",[64,48487,48488],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,48489,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,48491,48492,48494],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,48493,29758],{"class":70},[64,48495,6363],{"class":95},[64,48497,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506,48508],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,48499,8039],{"class":211},[64,48501,144],{"class":95},[64,48503,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48505,144],{"class":95},[64,48507,2436],{"class":140},[64,48509,1737],{"class":95},[64,48511,48512,48514,48516,48518,48520],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,48513,29789],{"class":70},[64,48515,48144],{"class":1778},[64,48517,47316],{"class":70},[64,48519,47319],{"class":74},[64,48521,6363],{"class":95},[64,48523,48524,48526,48528,48530],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,48525,8039],{"class":211},[64,48527,144],{"class":95},[64,48529,47348],{"class":140},[64,48531,150],{"class":95},[816,48533,48535],{"id":48534},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48537,48395],{},[54,48539,48540],{"className":56,"code":47926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,48541,48542],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48543,48544],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48545,47926],{"class":222},[14,48547,48548],{},"Use a string instead:",[54,48550,48551],{"className":56,"code":47779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,48552,48553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48554,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563,48565,48567,48569,48571,48573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48556,212],{"class":211},[64,48558,144],{"class":95},[64,48560,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48562,144],{"class":95},[64,48564,1419],{"class":1418},[64,48566,46550],{"class":1422},[64,48568,1419],{"class":1418},[64,48570,103],{"class":95},[64,48572,106],{"class":99},[64,48574,1737],{"class":95},[816,48576,8423,48578,48580],{"id":48577},"expecting-int-to-round",[61,48579,2838],{}," to round",[14,48582,48583],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[54,48585,48587],{"className":56,"code":48586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(int(4.9))\n",[61,48588,48589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48590,48591,48593,48595,48597,48599,48602],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48592,212],{"class":211},[64,48594,144],{"class":95},[64,48596,2152],{"class":1778},[64,48598,144],{"class":95},[64,48600,48601],{"class":99},"4.9",[64,48603,1737],{"class":95},[14,48605,2035],{},[54,48607,48609],{"className":56,"code":48608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4\n",[61,48610,48611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48612,48613],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48614,48608],{"class":99},[14,48616,3129,48617,48619,48620,48622],{},[61,48618,385],{},", remember that ",[61,48621,2838],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[49,48624,1826],{"id":1825},[816,48626,12670,48628,48630],{"id":48627},"does-int-round-numbers",[61,48629,2838],{}," round numbers?",[14,48632,46323,48633,48635],{},[61,48634,2838],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[816,48637,5123,48639,48642],{"id":48638},"why-does-int314-fail",[61,48640,48641],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48644,29015,48645,48647,48648,48650,48651,39887],{},[61,48646,48052],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[61,48649,2845],{}," first, then use ",[61,48652,2838],{},[816,48654,5107,48656,12682],{"id":48655},"what-does-inttrue-return",[61,48657,48658],{},"int(True)",[14,48660,5113,48661,28267,48663,42114,48665,137],{},[61,48662,100],{},[61,48664,3635],{},[61,48666,187],{},[816,48668,48670],{"id":48669},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48672,48673],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[49,48675,1865],{"id":1864},[21,48677,48678,48684,48690,48696,48701,48705,48711],{},[24,48679,48680],{},[543,48681,48682,3472],{"href":2842},[61,48683,2845],{},[24,48685,48686],{},[543,48687,48688,3472],{"href":42134},[61,48689,47641],{},[24,48691,48692],{},[543,48693,48694,3472],{"href":5748},[61,48695,3776],{},[24,48697,48698],{},[543,48699,48700],{"href":2923},"How to convert string to int in Python",[24,48702,48703],{},[543,48704,9029],{"href":8951},[24,48706,48707],{},[543,48708,48709,3472],{"href":8189},[61,48710,2919],{},[24,48712,48713],{},[543,48714,30302,48715],{"href":45874},[61,48716,45875],{},[1898,48718,48719],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":48721},[48722,48723,48725,48729,48734,48736,48738,48743,48747,48749,48758,48767],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":46587,"depth":78,"text":48724},"What int() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":48726},[48727,48728],{"id":46778,"depth":85,"text":46781},{"id":46878,"depth":85,"text":46881},{"id":47014,"depth":78,"text":48730,"children":48731},"Using int() with strings",[48732,48733],{"id":47136,"depth":85,"text":47137},{"id":47224,"depth":85,"text":47225},{"id":47498,"depth":78,"text":48735},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47644,"depth":78,"text":48737},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47764,"depth":78,"text":47765,"children":48739},[48740,48741,48742],{"id":47775,"depth":85,"text":47776},{"id":47844,"depth":85,"text":47845},{"id":47885,"depth":85,"text":47886},{"id":47943,"depth":78,"text":47944,"children":48744},[48745,48746],{"id":41472,"depth":85,"text":40662},{"id":41538,"depth":85,"text":2964},{"id":48287,"depth":78,"text":48748},"When to use int()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":48750},[48751,48752,48753,48755,48756],{"id":48391,"depth":85,"text":48392},{"id":48443,"depth":85,"text":48444},{"id":48461,"depth":85,"text":48754},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48534,"depth":85,"text":48535},{"id":48577,"depth":85,"text":48757},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":48759},[48760,48762,48764,48766],{"id":48627,"depth":85,"text":48761},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48638,"depth":85,"text":48763},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48655,"depth":85,"text":48765},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48669,"depth":85,"text":48670},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42055,"description":48768},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48775,"title":48776,"body":48777,"description":50613,"extension":1927,"meta":50614,"navigation":81,"path":44760,"seo":50615,"stem":50616,"__hash__":50617},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48778,"toc":50569},[48779,48784,48789,48797,48806,48808,48867,48873,48878,48883,48886,48914,48917,48920,48931,48941,48943,48945,48965,48969,48997,48999,49038,49040,49048,49050,49053,49057,49110,49112,49124,49128,49185,49187,49199,49205,49211,49215,49218,49221,49287,49289,49301,49307,49309,49361,49364,49405,49408,49415,49424,49430,49433,49466,49472,49475,49506,49512,49515,49527,49531,49536,49540,49698,49700,49715,49718,49722,49826,49828,49845,49849,49910,49912,49920,49923,49927,49994,49996,50005,50011,50013,50022,50024,50059,50064,50066,50096,50100,50102,50139,50142,50144,50181,50187,50189,50239,50241,50249,50259,50265,50269,50274,50323,50325,50338,50341,50343,50346,50421,50424,50443,50446,50476,50486,50488,50493,50500,50506,50512,50519,50527,50533,50536,50538,50566],[10,48780,1877,48782,3542],{"id":48781},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[61,48783,44763],{},[14,48785,48786,48788],{},[61,48787,44763],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48790,48791,48792,2839,48794,48796],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[61,48793,3567],{},[61,48795,3635],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48798,48799,48800,48802,48803,48805],{},"In many cases, ",[61,48801,44763],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[61,48804,1821],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[49,48807,3572],{"id":3571},[54,48809,48811],{"className":56,"code":48810,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[61,48812,48813,48821,48825,48846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48814,48815,48817,48819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48816,2411],{"class":74},[64,48818,92],{"class":91},[64,48820,1583],{"class":99},[64,48822,48823],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,48824,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,48826,48827,48829,48831,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,48828,212],{"class":211},[64,48830,144],{"class":95},[64,48832,48833],{"class":211},"isinstance",[64,48835,144],{"class":95},[64,48837,2436],{"class":140},[64,48839,103],{"class":95},[64,48841,45234],{"class":1778},[64,48843,5328],{"class":95},[64,48845,43814],{"class":222},[64,48847,48848,48850,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860,48863,48865],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,48849,212],{"class":211},[64,48851,144],{"class":95},[64,48853,48833],{"class":211},[64,48855,144],{"class":95},[64,48857,2436],{"class":140},[64,48859,103],{"class":95},[64,48861,48862],{"class":1778}," str",[64,48864,5328],{"class":95},[64,48866,1106],{"class":222},[14,48868,256,48869,48872],{},[61,48870,48871],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[49,48874,3639,48876,3642],{"id":48875},"what-isinstance-does",[61,48877,44763],{},[14,48879,48880,48882],{},[61,48881,44763],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48884,48885],{},"It:",[21,48887,48888,48891,48897,48900],{},[24,48889,48890],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[24,48892,11397,48893,2839,48895],{},[61,48894,3567],{},[61,48896,3635],{},[24,48898,48899],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[24,48901,48902,48903,2153,48905,2153,48907,2153,48909,17025,48912],{},"Is commonly used with ",[61,48904,3406],{},[61,48906,2152],{},[61,48908,8064],{},[61,48910,48911],{},"tuple",[61,48913,8792],{},[14,48915,48916],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48918,48919],{},"For example, you might want to:",[21,48921,48922,48925,48928],{},[24,48923,48924],{},"loop through a list",[24,48926,48927],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[24,48929,48930],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48932,48933,48934,2839,48937,137],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[543,48935,44755],{"href":48936},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[543,48938,48940],{"href":48939},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[49,48942,2120],{"id":2119},[14,48944,2123],{},[54,48946,48948],{"className":56,"code":48947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[61,48949,48950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,48951,48952,48954,48956,48958,48960,48963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48953,48833],{"class":211},[64,48955,144],{"class":95},[64,48957,42358],{"class":1778},[64,48959,103],{"class":95},[64,48961,48962],{"class":140}," classinfo",[64,48964,150],{"class":95},[816,48966,48968],{"id":48967},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[21,48970,48971,48976,48990],{},[24,48972,48973,48975],{},[61,48974,42358],{}," is the value you want to test",[24,48977,48978,48981,48982,2153,48984,2153,48986,2157,48988],{},[61,48979,48980],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[61,48983,2152],{},[61,48985,3406],{},[61,48987,8064],{},[61,48989,8792],{},[24,48991,48992,48993,2839,48995],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[61,48994,3567],{},[61,48996,3635],{},[14,48998,318],{},[54,49000,49002],{"className":56,"code":49001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[61,49003,49004,49016,49020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49005,49006,49008,49010,49012,49014],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49007,7846],{"class":74},[64,49009,92],{"class":91},[64,49011,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49013,11483],{"class":1422},[64,49015,3321],{"class":1418},[64,49017,49018],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49019,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49021,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032,49034,49036],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49023,212],{"class":211},[64,49025,144],{"class":95},[64,49027,48833],{"class":211},[64,49029,144],{"class":95},[64,49031,7637],{"class":140},[64,49033,103],{"class":95},[64,49035,48862],{"class":1778},[64,49037,1737],{"class":95},[14,49039,2035],{},[54,49041,49042],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,49043,49044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49045,49046],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49047,3943],{"class":3816},[49,49049,11449],{"id":11448},[14,49051,49052],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[816,49054,49056],{"id":49055},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[54,49058,49060],{"className":56,"code":49059,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[61,49061,49062,49070,49074,49092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49063,49064,49066,49068],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49065,2411],{"class":74},[64,49067,92],{"class":91},[64,49069,45183],{"class":99},[64,49071,49072],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49073,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49075,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49077,212],{"class":211},[64,49079,144],{"class":95},[64,49081,48833],{"class":211},[64,49083,144],{"class":95},[64,49085,2436],{"class":140},[64,49087,103],{"class":95},[64,49089,45234],{"class":1778},[64,49091,1737],{"class":95},[64,49093,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,49095,212],{"class":211},[64,49097,144],{"class":95},[64,49099,48833],{"class":211},[64,49101,144],{"class":95},[64,49103,2436],{"class":140},[64,49105,103],{"class":95},[64,49107,48862],{"class":1778},[64,49109,1737],{"class":95},[14,49111,2035],{},[54,49113,49114],{"className":56,"code":44131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,49115,49116,49120],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49117,49118],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49119,3943],{"class":3816},[64,49121,49122],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49123,4004],{"class":3816},[816,49125,49127],{"id":49126},"check-text","Check text",[54,49129,49131],{"className":56,"code":49130,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[61,49132,49133,49145,49149,49167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49134,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49136,34645],{"class":74},[64,49138,92],{"class":91},[64,49140,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49142,3809],{"class":1422},[64,49144,3321],{"class":1418},[64,49146,49147],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49148,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49150,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49152,212],{"class":211},[64,49154,144],{"class":95},[64,49156,48833],{"class":211},[64,49158,144],{"class":95},[64,49160,34666],{"class":140},[64,49162,103],{"class":95},[64,49164,48862],{"class":1778},[64,49166,1737],{"class":95},[64,49168,49169,49171,49173,49175,49177,49179,49181,49183],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,49170,212],{"class":211},[64,49172,144],{"class":95},[64,49174,48833],{"class":211},[64,49176,144],{"class":95},[64,49178,34666],{"class":140},[64,49180,103],{"class":95},[64,49182,45234],{"class":1778},[64,49184,1737],{"class":95},[14,49186,2035],{},[54,49188,49189],{"className":56,"code":44131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,49190,49191,49195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49192,49193],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49194,3943],{"class":3816},[64,49196,49197],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49198,4004],{"class":3816},[14,49200,49201,49202,49204],{},"In both examples, ",[61,49203,44763],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49206,49207,49208,137],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[543,49209,49210],{"href":2923},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[49,49212,49214],{"id":49213},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49216,49217],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49219,49220],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[54,49222,49224],{"className":56,"code":49223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[61,49225,49226,49235,49239,49263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49227,49228,49230,49232],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49229,2411],{"class":74},[64,49231,92],{"class":91},[64,49233,49234],{"class":99}," 3.5\n",[64,49236,49237],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49238,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49240,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49242,212],{"class":211},[64,49244,144],{"class":95},[64,49246,48833],{"class":211},[64,49248,144],{"class":95},[64,49250,2436],{"class":140},[64,49252,103],{"class":95},[64,49254,9207],{"class":95},[64,49256,2152],{"class":1778},[64,49258,103],{"class":95},[64,49260,40213],{"class":1778},[64,49262,2873],{"class":95},[64,49264,49265,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,49266,212],{"class":211},[64,49268,144],{"class":95},[64,49270,48833],{"class":211},[64,49272,144],{"class":95},[64,49274,2436],{"class":140},[64,49276,103],{"class":95},[64,49278,9207],{"class":95},[64,49280,3406],{"class":1778},[64,49282,103],{"class":95},[64,49284,22513],{"class":1778},[64,49286,2873],{"class":95},[14,49288,2035],{},[54,49290,49291],{"className":56,"code":44131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,49292,49293,49297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49294,49295],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49296,3943],{"class":3816},[64,49298,49299],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49300,4004],{"class":3816},[14,49302,49303,49304,49306],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[61,49305,40795],{}," conditions.",[14,49308,8268],{},[54,49310,49312],{"className":56,"code":49311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[61,49313,49314,49322,49326],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49315,49316,49318,49320],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49317,2411],{"class":74},[64,49319,92],{"class":91},[64,49321,49234],{"class":99},[64,49323,49324],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49325,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49327,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344,49346,49349,49351,49353,49355,49357,49359],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49329,212],{"class":211},[64,49331,144],{"class":95},[64,49333,1779],{"class":1778},[64,49335,144],{"class":95},[64,49337,2436],{"class":140},[64,49339,219],{"class":95},[64,49341,6378],{"class":91},[64,49343,45234],{"class":1778},[64,49345,48193],{"class":70},[64,49347,49348],{"class":1778}," type",[64,49350,144],{"class":95},[64,49352,2436],{"class":140},[64,49354,219],{"class":95},[64,49356,6378],{"class":91},[64,49358,40213],{"class":1778},[64,49360,150],{"class":95},[14,49362,49363],{},"you can write this:",[54,49365,49367],{"className":56,"code":49366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[61,49368,49369,49377,49381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49370,49371,49373,49375],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49372,2411],{"class":74},[64,49374,92],{"class":91},[64,49376,49234],{"class":99},[64,49378,49379],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49380,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49382,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49384,212],{"class":211},[64,49386,144],{"class":95},[64,49388,48833],{"class":211},[64,49390,144],{"class":95},[64,49392,2436],{"class":140},[64,49394,103],{"class":95},[64,49396,9207],{"class":95},[64,49398,2152],{"class":1778},[64,49400,103],{"class":95},[64,49402,40213],{"class":1778},[64,49404,2873],{"class":95},[14,49406,49407],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[49,49409,49411,10557,49413],{"id":49410},"isinstance-vs-type",[61,49412,44763],{},[61,49414,1821],{},[14,49416,10562,49417,40,49419,49423],{},[61,49418,44763],{},[543,49420,49421],{"href":2264},[61,49422,1821],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[816,49425,49427],{"id":49426},"typevalue-int",[61,49428,49429],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49431,49432],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[54,49434,49436],{"className":56,"code":49435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[61,49437,49438,49446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49439,49440,49442,49444],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49441,2411],{"class":74},[64,49443,92],{"class":91},[64,49445,1583],{"class":99},[64,49447,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49449,212],{"class":211},[64,49451,144],{"class":95},[64,49453,1779],{"class":1778},[64,49455,144],{"class":95},[64,49457,2436],{"class":140},[64,49459,219],{"class":95},[64,49461,6378],{"class":91},[64,49463,45234],{"class":1778},[64,49465,150],{"class":95},[816,49467,49469],{"id":49468},"isinstancevalue-int",[61,49470,49471],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49473,49474],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[54,49476,49478],{"className":56,"code":49477,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[61,49479,49480,49488],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49481,49482,49484,49486],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49483,2411],{"class":74},[64,49485,92],{"class":91},[64,49487,1583],{"class":99},[64,49489,49490,49492,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49491,212],{"class":211},[64,49493,144],{"class":95},[64,49495,48833],{"class":211},[64,49497,144],{"class":95},[64,49499,2436],{"class":140},[64,49501,103],{"class":95},[64,49503,45234],{"class":1778},[64,49505,1737],{"class":95},[14,49507,49508,49509,49511],{},"For beginners, ",[61,49510,44763],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49513,49514],{},"In everyday code:",[21,49516,49517,49522],{},[24,49518,39948,49519,49521],{},[61,49520,1821],{}," when you need the exact type",[24,49523,39948,49524,49526],{},[61,49525,44763],{}," when you want a practical type check",[49,49528,49530],{"id":49529},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49532,49533,49534,137],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[61,49535,44763],{},[816,49537,49539],{"id":49538},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[54,49541,49543],{"className":56,"code":49542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[61,49544,49545,49563,49582,49594,49599,49617,49628,49632,49644,49648,49672],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49546,49547,49549,49552,49554,49556,49558,49561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49548,34809],{"class":2029},[64,49550,49551],{"class":34812}," repeat_text",[64,49553,144],{"class":95},[64,49555,34666],{"class":37619},[64,49557,103],{"class":95},[64,49559,49560],{"class":37619}," count",[64,49562,8312],{"class":95},[64,49564,49565,49567,49569,49572,49574,49576,49578,49580],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49566,6368],{"class":70},[64,49568,8069],{"class":91},[64,49570,49571],{"class":211}," isinstance",[64,49573,144],{"class":95},[64,49575,34666],{"class":140},[64,49577,103],{"class":95},[64,49579,48862],{"class":1778},[64,49581,8312],{"class":95},[64,49583,49584,49587,49589,49592],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49585,49586],{"class":70},"        return",[64,49588,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49590,49591],{"class":1422},"text must be a string",[64,49593,3321],{"class":1418},[64,49595,49596],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,49597,49598],{"class":74},"    \n",[64,49600,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,49602,6368],{"class":70},[64,49604,8069],{"class":91},[64,49606,49571],{"class":211},[64,49608,144],{"class":95},[64,49610,41218],{"class":140},[64,49612,103],{"class":95},[64,49614,45234],{"class":1778},[64,49616,8312],{"class":95},[64,49618,49619,49621,49623,49626],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,49620,49586],{"class":70},[64,49622,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49624,49625],{"class":1422},"count must be an integer",[64,49627,3321],{"class":1418},[64,49629,49630],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,49631,49598],{"class":74},[64,49633,49634,49636,49639,49641],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,49635,34820],{"class":70},[64,49637,49638],{"class":74}," text ",[64,49640,39830],{"class":91},[64,49642,49643],{"class":74}," count\n",[64,49645,49646],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,49647,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49649,49650,49652,49654,49657,49659,49661,49664,49666,49668,49670],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,49651,212],{"class":211},[64,49653,144],{"class":95},[64,49655,49656],{"class":140},"repeat_text",[64,49658,144],{"class":95},[64,49660,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49662,49663],{"class":1422},"Hi ",[64,49665,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49667,103],{"class":95},[64,49669,743],{"class":99},[64,49671,1737],{"class":95},[64,49673,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696],{"class":66,"line":241},[64,49675,212],{"class":211},[64,49677,144],{"class":95},[64,49679,49656],{"class":140},[64,49681,144],{"class":95},[64,49683,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49685,49663],{"class":1422},[64,49687,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49689,103],{"class":95},[64,49691,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49693,115],{"class":1422},[64,49695,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49697,1737],{"class":95},[14,49699,2035],{},[54,49701,49703],{"className":56,"code":49702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[61,49704,49705,49710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49706,49707],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49708,49709],{"class":74},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[64,49711,49712],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49713,49714],{"class":74},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49716,49717],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[816,49719,49721],{"id":49720},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[54,49723,49725],{"className":56,"code":49724,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[61,49726,49727,49759,49763,49779,49794,49811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49728,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751,49753,49755,49757],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49730,2411],{"class":74},[64,49732,92],{"class":91},[64,49734,112],{"class":95},[64,49736,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49738,543],{"class":1422},[64,49740,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49742,103],{"class":95},[64,49744,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49746,1235],{"class":1422},[64,49748,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49750,103],{"class":95},[64,49752,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49754,9711],{"class":1422},[64,49756,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49758,746],{"class":95},[64,49760,49761],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49762,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49764,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49766,6965],{"class":70},[64,49768,49571],{"class":211},[64,49770,144],{"class":95},[64,49772,2436],{"class":140},[64,49774,103],{"class":95},[64,49776,48862],{"class":1778},[64,49778,8312],{"class":95},[64,49780,49781,49783,49785,49787,49790,49792],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,49782,8039],{"class":211},[64,49784,144],{"class":95},[64,49786,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49788,49789],{"class":1422},"This is text",[64,49791,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49793,150],{"class":95},[64,49795,49796,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,49797,49798],{"class":70},"elif",[64,49800,49571],{"class":211},[64,49802,144],{"class":95},[64,49804,2436],{"class":140},[64,49806,103],{"class":95},[64,49808,22513],{"class":1778},[64,49810,8312],{"class":95},[64,49812,49813,49815,49817,49819,49822,49824],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,49814,8039],{"class":211},[64,49816,144],{"class":95},[64,49818,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49820,49821],{"class":1422},"This is a list",[64,49823,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49825,150],{"class":95},[14,49827,2035],{},[54,49829,49831],{"className":56,"code":49830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This is a list\n",[61,49832,49833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49834,49835,49838,49840,49842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49836,49837],{"class":74},"This ",[64,49839,877],{"class":91},[64,49841,44502],{"class":74},[64,49843,49844],{"class":1778},"list\n",[816,49846,49848],{"id":49847},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[54,49850,49852],{"className":56,"code":49851,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[61,49853,49854,49866,49870,49886,49900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49855,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49857,2411],{"class":74},[64,49859,92],{"class":91},[64,49861,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49863,46484],{"class":1422},[64,49865,3321],{"class":1418},[64,49867,49868],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49869,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49871,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49873,6965],{"class":70},[64,49875,49571],{"class":211},[64,49877,144],{"class":95},[64,49879,2436],{"class":140},[64,49881,103],{"class":95},[64,49883,48862],{"class":1778},[64,49885,8312],{"class":95},[64,49887,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896,49898],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,49889,41849],{"class":74},[64,49891,92],{"class":91},[64,49893,45234],{"class":1778},[64,49895,144],{"class":95},[64,49897,2436],{"class":140},[64,49899,150],{"class":95},[64,49901,49902,49904,49906,49908],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,49903,8039],{"class":211},[64,49905,144],{"class":95},[64,49907,2204],{"class":140},[64,49909,150],{"class":95},[14,49911,2035],{},[54,49913,49914],{"className":56,"code":46570,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,49915,49916],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49917,49918],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49919,46570],{"class":99},[14,49921,49922],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[816,49924,49926],{"id":49925},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[54,49928,49930],{"className":56,"code":49929,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[61,49931,49932,49956,49960,49976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,49933,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952,49954],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49935,2411],{"class":74},[64,49937,92],{"class":91},[64,49939,1415],{"class":95},[64,49941,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49943,7637],{"class":1422},[64,49945,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49947,1117],{"class":95},[64,49949,3315],{"class":1418},[64,49951,12846],{"class":1422},[64,49953,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49955,9280],{"class":95},[64,49957,49958],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,49959,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,49961,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972,49974],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,49963,6965],{"class":70},[64,49965,49571],{"class":211},[64,49967,144],{"class":95},[64,49969,2436],{"class":140},[64,49971,103],{"class":95},[64,49973,9142],{"class":1778},[64,49975,8312],{"class":95},[64,49977,49978,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990,49992],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,49979,8039],{"class":211},[64,49981,144],{"class":95},[64,49983,2436],{"class":140},[64,49985,184],{"class":95},[64,49987,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49989,7637],{"class":1422},[64,49991,1419],{"class":1418},[64,49993,393],{"class":95},[14,49995,2035],{},[54,49997,49999],{"className":56,"code":49998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\n",[61,50000,50001],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50002,50003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50004,49998],{"class":74},[14,50006,50007,50008,50010],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[61,50009,2964],{}," messages later.",[49,50012,4483],{"id":4482},[816,50014,50016,50017,11064,50020],{"id":50015},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[61,50018,50019],{},"\"int\"",[61,50021,2152],{},[14,50023,16596],{},[54,50025,50027],{"className":56,"code":50026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[61,50028,50029,50037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50030,50031,50033,50035],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50032,2411],{"class":74},[64,50034,92],{"class":91},[64,50036,1583],{"class":99},[64,50038,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50040,212],{"class":211},[64,50042,144],{"class":95},[64,50044,48833],{"class":211},[64,50046,144],{"class":95},[64,50048,2436],{"class":140},[64,50050,103],{"class":95},[64,50052,3315],{"class":1418},[64,50054,2152],{"class":1422},[64,50056,1419],{"class":1418},[64,50058,1737],{"class":95},[14,50060,50061,50063],{},[61,50062,50019],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50065,16608],{},[54,50067,50068],{"className":56,"code":49477,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,50069,50070,50078],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50071,50072,50074,50076],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50073,2411],{"class":74},[64,50075,92],{"class":91},[64,50077,1583],{"class":99},[64,50079,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50081,212],{"class":211},[64,50083,144],{"class":95},[64,50085,48833],{"class":211},[64,50087,144],{"class":95},[64,50089,2436],{"class":140},[64,50091,103],{"class":95},[64,50093,45234],{"class":1778},[64,50095,1737],{"class":95},[816,50097,50099],{"id":50098},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50101,16596],{},[54,50103,50105],{"className":56,"code":50104,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[61,50106,50107,50115],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50108,50109,50111,50113],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50110,2411],{"class":74},[64,50112,92],{"class":91},[64,50114,34800],{"class":99},[64,50116,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50118,212],{"class":211},[64,50120,144],{"class":95},[64,50122,48833],{"class":211},[64,50124,144],{"class":95},[64,50126,2436],{"class":140},[64,50128,103],{"class":95},[64,50130,112],{"class":95},[64,50132,2152],{"class":1778},[64,50134,103],{"class":95},[64,50136,40213],{"class":1778},[64,50138,1769],{"class":95},[14,50140,50141],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50143,16608],{},[54,50145,50147],{"className":56,"code":50146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[61,50148,50149,50157],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50150,50151,50153,50155],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50152,2411],{"class":74},[64,50154,92],{"class":91},[64,50156,34800],{"class":99},[64,50158,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177,50179],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50160,212],{"class":211},[64,50162,144],{"class":95},[64,50164,48833],{"class":211},[64,50166,144],{"class":95},[64,50168,2436],{"class":140},[64,50170,103],{"class":95},[64,50172,9207],{"class":95},[64,50174,2152],{"class":1778},[64,50176,103],{"class":95},[64,50178,40213],{"class":1778},[64,50180,2873],{"class":95},[816,50182,25729,50184,50186],{"id":50183},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[61,50185,44763],{}," converts a value",[14,50188,18867],{},[54,50190,50192],{"className":56,"code":50191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,50193,50194,50207,50225,50229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50195,50196,50198,50200,50202,50205],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50197,2411],{"class":74},[64,50199,92],{"class":91},[64,50201,3315],{"class":1418},[64,50203,50204],{"class":1422},"123",[64,50206,3321],{"class":1418},[64,50208,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50210,2194],{"class":74},[64,50212,92],{"class":91},[64,50214,49571],{"class":211},[64,50216,144],{"class":95},[64,50218,2436],{"class":140},[64,50220,103],{"class":95},[64,50222,45234],{"class":1778},[64,50224,150],{"class":95},[64,50226,50227],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,50228,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,50230,50231,50233,50235,50237],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,50232,212],{"class":211},[64,50234,144],{"class":95},[64,50236,2229],{"class":140},[64,50238,150],{"class":95},[14,50240,2035],{},[54,50242,50243],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,50244,50245],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50246,50247],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50248,4004],{"class":3816},[14,50250,50251,50252,50255,50256,50258],{},"This does not convert ",[61,50253,50254],{},"\"123\""," into ",[61,50257,50204],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50260,50261,50262,6598],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[61,50263,50264],{},"int(value)",[816,50266,50268],{"id":50267},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50270,50271,50273],{},[61,50272,44763],{}," does not modify anything.",[54,50275,50277],{"className":56,"code":50276,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[61,50278,50279,50291,50295,50313],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50280,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50282,2411],{"class":74},[64,50284,92],{"class":91},[64,50286,3315],{"class":1418},[64,50288,13521],{"class":1422},[64,50290,3321],{"class":1418},[64,50292,50293],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50294,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,50296,50297,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,50298,212],{"class":211},[64,50300,144],{"class":95},[64,50302,48833],{"class":211},[64,50304,144],{"class":95},[64,50306,2436],{"class":140},[64,50308,103],{"class":95},[64,50310,48862],{"class":1778},[64,50312,1737],{"class":95},[64,50314,50315,50317,50319,50321],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,50316,212],{"class":211},[64,50318,144],{"class":95},[64,50320,2436],{"class":140},[64,50322,150],{"class":95},[14,50324,2035],{},[54,50326,50328],{"className":56,"code":50327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n100\n",[61,50329,50330,50334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50331,50332],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50333,3943],{"class":3816},[64,50335,50336],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50337,47221],{"class":99},[14,50339,50340],{},"The value stays the same.",[49,50342,25897],{"id":25896},[14,50344,50345],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[54,50347,50349],{"className":56,"code":50348,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[61,50350,50351,50365,50383,50407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50352,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50354,212],{"class":211},[64,50356,144],{"class":95},[64,50358,1779],{"class":1778},[64,50360,144],{"class":95},[64,50362,2436],{"class":140},[64,50364,1737],{"class":95},[64,50366,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377,50379,50381],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50368,212],{"class":211},[64,50370,144],{"class":95},[64,50372,48833],{"class":211},[64,50374,144],{"class":95},[64,50376,2436],{"class":140},[64,50378,103],{"class":95},[64,50380,45234],{"class":1778},[64,50382,1737],{"class":95},[64,50384,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,50386,212],{"class":211},[64,50388,144],{"class":95},[64,50390,48833],{"class":211},[64,50392,144],{"class":95},[64,50394,2436],{"class":140},[64,50396,103],{"class":95},[64,50398,9207],{"class":95},[64,50400,2152],{"class":1778},[64,50402,103],{"class":95},[64,50404,40213],{"class":1778},[64,50406,2873],{"class":95},[64,50408,50409,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,50410,212],{"class":211},[64,50412,144],{"class":95},[64,50414,41738],{"class":211},[64,50416,144],{"class":95},[64,50418,2436],{"class":140},[64,50420,1737],{"class":95},[14,50422,50423],{},"These can help when:",[21,50425,50426,50429,50434,50437],{},[24,50427,50428],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[24,50430,50431,50432],{},"you are getting a ",[61,50433,2964],{},[24,50435,50436],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[24,50438,50439,50440,50442],{},"the second argument to ",[61,50441,44763],{}," is invalid",[14,50444,50445],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[21,50447,50448,50462,50468,50473],{},[24,50449,50450,50451,2839,50454,50457,50458,2839,50460],{},"using ",[61,50452,50453],{},"'int'",[61,50455,50456],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[61,50459,2152],{},[61,50461,3406],{},[24,50463,50464,50465,50467],{},"expecting ",[61,50466,44763],{}," to convert a value",[24,50469,50450,50470,50472],{},[61,50471,1821],{}," when inherited types should also match",[24,50474,50475],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50477,50478,50479,137],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[543,50480,50482,50483],{"href":50481},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[61,50484,50485],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[49,50487,1826],{"id":1825},[816,50489,5107,50491,5110],{"id":50490},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[61,50492,44763],{},[14,50494,5113,50495,50497,50498,137],{},[61,50496,3567],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[61,50499,3635],{},[816,50501,5135,50503,50505],{"id":50502},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[61,50504,44763],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50507,50508,50509,137],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[61,50510,50511],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[816,50513,5145,50515,40,50517,2456],{"id":50514},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[61,50516,44763],{},[61,50518,1821],{},[14,50520,50521,50523,50524,50526],{},[61,50522,1821],{}," gives the exact type. ",[61,50525,44763],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[816,50528,12670,50530,50532],{"id":50529},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[61,50531,44763],{}," convert a value?",[14,50534,50535],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[49,50537,1865],{"id":1864},[21,50539,50540,50546,50550,50555,50560],{},[24,50541,50542],{},[543,50543,1877,50544,3472],{"href":2264},[61,50545,1821],{},[24,50547,50548],{},[543,50549,44755],{"href":48936},[24,50551,50552],{},[543,50553,50554],{"href":2923},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[24,50556,50557],{},[543,50558,50559],{"href":48939},"What is a data type in Python?",[24,50561,50562],{},[543,50563,50482,50564],{"href":50481},[61,50565,50485],{},[1898,50567,50568],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":50570},[50571,50572,50574,50577,50581,50582,50587,50593,50601,50602,50612],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":48875,"depth":78,"text":50573},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":50575},[50576],{"id":48967,"depth":85,"text":48968},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449,"children":50578},[50579,50580],{"id":49055,"depth":85,"text":49056},{"id":49126,"depth":85,"text":49127},{"id":49213,"depth":78,"text":49214},{"id":49410,"depth":78,"text":50583,"children":50584},"isinstance() vs type()",[50585,50586],{"id":49426,"depth":85,"text":49429},{"id":49468,"depth":85,"text":49471},{"id":49529,"depth":78,"text":49530,"children":50588},[50589,50590,50591,50592],{"id":49538,"depth":85,"text":49539},{"id":49720,"depth":85,"text":49721},{"id":49847,"depth":85,"text":49848},{"id":49925,"depth":85,"text":49926},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":50594},[50595,50597,50598,50600],{"id":50015,"depth":85,"text":50596},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50098,"depth":85,"text":50099},{"id":50183,"depth":85,"text":50599},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50267,"depth":85,"text":50268},{"id":25896,"depth":78,"text":25897},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":50603},[50604,50606,50608,50610],{"id":50490,"depth":85,"text":50605},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50502,"depth":85,"text":50607},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50514,"depth":85,"text":50609},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50529,"depth":85,"text":50611},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48776,"description":50613},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50619,"title":50620,"body":50621,"description":52594,"extension":1927,"meta":52595,"navigation":81,"path":52596,"seo":52597,"stem":52598,"__hash__":52599},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50622,"toc":52569},[50623,50626,50631,50636,50650,50653,50655,50730,50735,50739,50744,50747,50761,50763,50929,50942,50944,50946,50961,50964,50967,50980,50982,51080,51084,51090,51093,51102,51104,51139,51144,51165,51170,51175,51207,51210,51267,51271,51277,51280,51333,51335,51375,51378,51446,51449,51500,51507,51511,51517,51602,51608,51614,51663,51666,51669,51719,51721,51726,51730,51780,51784,51831,51835,51912,51916,51981,51984,51988,51993,51998,52010,52012,52031,52037,52040,52059,52064,52091,52098,52102,52108,52111,52206,52209,52212,52261,52266,52268,52272,52307,52310,52367,52377,52380,52414,52417,52419,52423,52426,52430,52433,52437,52440,52444,52457,52461,52466,52468,52518,52530,52532,52566],[10,50624,50620],{"id":50625},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50627,9094,50628,50630],{},[61,50629,42320],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50632,35362,50633,50635],{},[61,50634,42320],{}," to count:",[21,50637,50638,50641,50644,50647],{},[24,50639,50640],{},"characters in a string",[24,50642,50643],{},"items in a list or tuple",[24,50645,50646],{},"keys in a dictionary",[24,50648,50649],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50651,50652],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[49,50654,52],{"id":51},[54,50656,50658],{"className":56,"code":50657,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[61,50659,50660,50672,50692,50696,50713],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50661,50662,50664,50666,50668,50670],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50663,34645],{"class":74},[64,50665,92],{"class":91},[64,50667,3315],{"class":1418},[64,50669,3809],{"class":1422},[64,50671,3321],{"class":1418},[64,50673,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684,50686,50688,50690],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50675,7749],{"class":74},[64,50677,92],{"class":91},[64,50679,112],{"class":95},[64,50681,1432],{"class":99},[64,50683,103],{"class":95},[64,50685,1437],{"class":99},[64,50687,103],{"class":95},[64,50689,7764],{"class":99},[64,50691,746],{"class":95},[64,50693,50694],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,50695,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,50697,50698,50700,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,50699,212],{"class":211},[64,50701,144],{"class":95},[64,50703,11134],{"class":211},[64,50705,144],{"class":95},[64,50707,34666],{"class":140},[64,50709,5328],{"class":95},[64,50711,50712],{"class":222},"   # 5\n",[64,50714,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,50716,212],{"class":211},[64,50718,144],{"class":95},[64,50720,11134],{"class":211},[64,50722,144],{"class":95},[64,50724,7779],{"class":140},[64,50726,5328],{"class":95},[64,50728,50729],{"class":222},"  # 3\n",[14,50731,256,50732,50734],{},[61,50733,42320],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[49,50736,50738],{"id":50737},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50740,50741,50743],{},[61,50742,42320],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50745,50746],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[21,50748,50749,50752,50755,50758],{},[24,50750,50751],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[24,50753,50754],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[24,50756,50757],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[24,50759,50760],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50762,318],{},[54,50764,50766],{"className":56,"code":50765,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[61,50767,50768,50780,50805,50837,50857,50861,50878,50895,50912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50769,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50771,7846],{"class":74},[64,50773,92],{"class":91},[64,50775,3315],{"class":1418},[64,50777,7646],{"class":1422},[64,50779,3321],{"class":1418},[64,50781,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798,50800,50803],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,50783,1161],{"class":74},[64,50785,92],{"class":91},[64,50787,112],{"class":95},[64,50789,1432],{"class":99},[64,50791,103],{"class":95},[64,50793,1437],{"class":99},[64,50795,103],{"class":95},[64,50797,7764],{"class":99},[64,50799,103],{"class":95},[64,50801,50802],{"class":99}," 40",[64,50804,746],{"class":95},[64,50806,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,50808,9137],{"class":74},[64,50810,92],{"class":91},[64,50812,1415],{"class":95},[64,50814,1419],{"class":1418},[64,50816,543],{"class":1422},[64,50818,1419],{"class":1418},[64,50820,1117],{"class":95},[64,50822,5465],{"class":99},[64,50824,103],{"class":95},[64,50826,3315],{"class":1418},[64,50828,1235],{"class":1422},[64,50830,1419],{"class":1418},[64,50832,1117],{"class":95},[64,50834,106],{"class":99},[64,50836,9280],{"class":95},[64,50838,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847,50849,50851,50853,50855],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,50840,3786],{"class":74},[64,50842,92],{"class":91},[64,50844,1415],{"class":95},[64,50846,385],{"class":99},[64,50848,103],{"class":95},[64,50850,390],{"class":99},[64,50852,103],{"class":95},[64,50854,5962],{"class":99},[64,50856,9280],{"class":95},[64,50858,50859],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,50860,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,50862,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,50864,212],{"class":211},[64,50866,144],{"class":95},[64,50868,11134],{"class":211},[64,50870,144],{"class":95},[64,50872,7637],{"class":140},[64,50874,5328],{"class":95},[64,50876,50877],{"class":222},"     # 3\n",[64,50879,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,50881,212],{"class":211},[64,50883,144],{"class":95},[64,50885,11134],{"class":211},[64,50887,144],{"class":95},[64,50889,3611],{"class":140},[64,50891,5328],{"class":95},[64,50893,50894],{"class":222},"  # 4\n",[64,50896,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905,50907,50909],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,50898,212],{"class":211},[64,50900,144],{"class":95},[64,50902,11134],{"class":211},[64,50904,144],{"class":95},[64,50906,9176],{"class":140},[64,50908,5328],{"class":95},[64,50910,50911],{"class":222},"     # 2\n",[64,50913,50914,50916,50918,50920,50922,50924,50926],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,50915,212],{"class":211},[64,50917,144],{"class":95},[64,50919,11134],{"class":211},[64,50921,144],{"class":95},[64,50923,5325],{"class":140},[64,50925,5328],{"class":95},[64,50927,50928],{"class":222},"   # 3\n",[14,50930,50931,50932,2153,50936,17025,50940,137],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[543,50933,50935],{"href":50934},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[543,50937,50939],{"href":50938},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[543,50941,9127],{"href":9126},[49,50943,2120],{"id":2119},[14,50945,2123],{},[54,50947,50949],{"className":56,"code":50948,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len(object)\n",[61,50950,50951],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50952,50953,50955,50957,50959],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50954,11134],{"class":211},[64,50956,144],{"class":95},[64,50958,42358],{"class":1778},[64,50960,150],{"class":95},[14,50962,50963],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50965,50966],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[21,50968,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977],{},[24,50970,37864],{},[24,50972,37858],{},[24,50974,37861],{},[24,50976,37867],{},[24,50978,50979],{},"a dictionary",[14,50981,318],{},[54,50983,50985],{"className":56,"code":50984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[61,50986,50987,51008,51032,51054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,50988,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50990,212],{"class":211},[64,50992,144],{"class":95},[64,50994,11134],{"class":211},[64,50996,144],{"class":95},[64,50998,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51000,58],{"class":1422},[64,51002,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51004,5328],{"class":95},[64,51006,51007],{"class":222},"      # 6\n",[64,51009,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51011,212],{"class":211},[64,51013,144],{"class":95},[64,51015,11134],{"class":211},[64,51017,382],{"class":95},[64,51019,100],{"class":99},[64,51021,103],{"class":95},[64,51023,106],{"class":99},[64,51025,103],{"class":95},[64,51027,743],{"class":99},[64,51029,4699],{"class":95},[64,51031,50877],{"class":222},[64,51033,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048,51051],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,51035,212],{"class":211},[64,51037,144],{"class":95},[64,51039,11134],{"class":211},[64,51041,5478],{"class":95},[64,51043,1432],{"class":99},[64,51045,103],{"class":95},[64,51047,1437],{"class":99},[64,51049,51050],{"class":95},")))",[64,51052,51053],{"class":222},"      # 2\n",[64,51055,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51077],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,51057,212],{"class":211},[64,51059,144],{"class":95},[64,51061,11134],{"class":211},[64,51063,5497],{"class":95},[64,51065,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51067,2137],{"class":1422},[64,51069,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51071,1117],{"class":95},[64,51073,5465],{"class":99},[64,51075,51076],{"class":95},"}))",[64,51078,51079],{"class":222},"      # 1\n",[49,51081,51083],{"id":51082},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51085,51086,51087,51089],{},"When you use ",[61,51088,42320],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51091,51092],{},"That includes:",[21,51094,51095,51097,51099],{},[24,51096,36101],{},[24,51098,10424],{},[24,51100,51101],{},"punctuation",[14,51103,318],{},[54,51105,51107],{"className":56,"code":51106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[61,51108,51109,51122],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51110,51111,51113,51115,51117,51120],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51112,34645],{"class":74},[64,51114,92],{"class":91},[64,51116,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51118,51119],{"class":1422},"Hi there!",[64,51121,3321],{"class":1418},[64,51123,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134,51136],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51125,212],{"class":211},[64,51127,144],{"class":95},[64,51129,11134],{"class":211},[64,51131,144],{"class":95},[64,51133,34666],{"class":140},[64,51135,5328],{"class":95},[64,51137,51138],{"class":222},"  # 9\n",[14,51140,51141,51142,2456],{},"Why is the result ",[61,51143,2106],{},[21,51145,51146,51152,51156,51159],{},[24,51147,51148,51151],{},[61,51149,51150],{},"H"," = 1",[24,51153,51154,51151],{},[61,51155,36112],{},[24,51157,51158],{},"space = 1",[24,51160,51161,51164],{},[61,51162,51163],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51166,51167,51168],{},"Total: ",[61,51169,2106],{},[14,51171,51172,51173,1117],{},"An empty string has length ",[61,51174,187],{},[54,51176,51178],{"className":56,"code":51177,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[61,51179,51180,51189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51181,51182,51185,51187],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51183,51184],{"class":74},"empty_text ",[64,51186,92],{"class":91},[64,51188,7851],{"class":1418},[64,51190,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51202,51204],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51192,212],{"class":211},[64,51194,144],{"class":95},[64,51196,11134],{"class":211},[64,51198,144],{"class":95},[64,51200,51201],{"class":140},"empty_text",[64,51203,5328],{"class":95},[64,51205,51206],{"class":222},"  # 0\n",[14,51208,51209],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[54,51211,51213],{"className":56,"code":51212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[61,51214,51215,51228,51232,51252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51216,51217,51220,51222,51224,51226],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51218,51219],{"class":74},"user_name ",[64,51221,92],{"class":91},[64,51223,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51225,4968],{"class":1422},[64,51227,3321],{"class":1418},[64,51229,51230],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51231,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,51233,51234,51236,51238,51240,51243,51245,51248,51250],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,51235,6965],{"class":70},[64,51237,38343],{"class":211},[64,51239,144],{"class":95},[64,51241,51242],{"class":140},"user_name",[64,51244,219],{"class":95},[64,51246,51247],{"class":91}," >=",[64,51249,743],{"class":99},[64,51251,6363],{"class":95},[64,51253,51254,51256,51258,51260,51263,51265],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,51255,8039],{"class":211},[64,51257,144],{"class":95},[64,51259,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51261,51262],{"class":1422},"Name is long enough",[64,51264,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51266,150],{"class":95},[49,51268,51270],{"id":51269},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51272,51273,51274,51276],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[61,51275,42320],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51278,51279],{},"Example with a list:",[54,51281,51283],{"className":56,"code":51282,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[61,51284,51285,51317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51286,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313,51315],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51288,13041],{"class":74},[64,51290,92],{"class":91},[64,51292,112],{"class":95},[64,51294,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51296,13058],{"class":1422},[64,51298,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51300,103],{"class":95},[64,51302,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51304,17409],{"class":1422},[64,51306,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51308,103],{"class":95},[64,51310,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51312,13075],{"class":1422},[64,51314,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51316,746],{"class":95},[64,51318,51319,51321,51323,51325,51327,51329,51331],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51320,212],{"class":211},[64,51322,144],{"class":95},[64,51324,11134],{"class":211},[64,51326,144],{"class":95},[64,51328,17456],{"class":140},[64,51330,5328],{"class":95},[64,51332,50729],{"class":222},[14,51334,37873],{},[54,51336,51338],{"className":56,"code":51337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[61,51339,51340,51357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51341,51342,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51343,51344],{"class":74},"point ",[64,51346,92],{"class":91},[64,51348,9207],{"class":95},[64,51350,1432],{"class":99},[64,51352,103],{"class":95},[64,51354,1437],{"class":99},[64,51356,150],{"class":95},[64,51358,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51370,51372],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51360,212],{"class":211},[64,51362,144],{"class":95},[64,51364,11134],{"class":211},[64,51366,144],{"class":95},[64,51368,51369],{"class":140},"point",[64,51371,5328],{"class":95},[64,51373,51374],{"class":222},"  # 2\n",[14,51376,51377],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[54,51379,51381],{"className":56,"code":51380,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[61,51382,51383,51407,51411,51429],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51384,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51386,7749],{"class":74},[64,51388,92],{"class":91},[64,51390,112],{"class":95},[64,51392,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51394,4043],{"class":1422},[64,51396,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51398,103],{"class":95},[64,51400,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51402,4052],{"class":1422},[64,51404,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51406,746],{"class":95},[64,51408,51409],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51410,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,51412,51413,51415,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425,51427],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,51414,6965],{"class":70},[64,51416,38343],{"class":211},[64,51418,144],{"class":95},[64,51420,7779],{"class":140},[64,51422,219],{"class":95},[64,51424,38353],{"class":91},[64,51426,5465],{"class":99},[64,51428,6363],{"class":95},[64,51430,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,51432,8039],{"class":211},[64,51434,144],{"class":95},[64,51436,7779],{"class":140},[64,51438,184],{"class":95},[64,51440,100],{"class":99},[64,51442,989],{"class":95},[64,51444,51445],{"class":222},"  # banana\n",[14,51447,51448],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[54,51450,51452],{"className":56,"code":51451,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[61,51453,51454,51477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51455,51456,51458,51460,51462,51465,51467,51470,51472,51475],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51457,5028],{"class":74},[64,51459,92],{"class":91},[64,51461,112],{"class":95},[64,51463,51464],{"class":99},"88",[64,51466,103],{"class":95},[64,51468,51469],{"class":99}," 91",[64,51471,103],{"class":95},[64,51473,51474],{"class":99}," 75",[64,51476,746],{"class":95},[64,51478,51479,51481,51483,51485,51488,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51480,212],{"class":211},[64,51482,144],{"class":95},[64,51484,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51486,51487],{"class":1422},"Number of scores:",[64,51489,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51491,103],{"class":95},[64,51493,38343],{"class":211},[64,51495,144],{"class":95},[64,51497,1423],{"class":140},[64,51499,1737],{"class":95},[14,51501,51502,51503,137],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[543,51504,51506],{"href":51505},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[49,51508,51510],{"id":51509},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51512,51513,51514,51516],{},"For dictionaries, ",[61,51515,42320],{}," counts keys.",[54,51518,51520],{"className":56,"code":51519,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[61,51521,51522,51530,51548,51562,51578,51582,51586],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51523,51524,51526,51528],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51525,12829],{"class":74},[64,51527,92],{"class":91},[64,51529,11467],{"class":95},[64,51531,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540,51542,51544,51546],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51533,11472],{"class":1418},[64,51535,7637],{"class":1422},[64,51537,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51539,1117],{"class":95},[64,51541,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51543,7891],{"class":1422},[64,51545,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51547,11488],{"class":95},[64,51549,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,51551,11472],{"class":1418},[64,51553,9270],{"class":1422},[64,51555,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51557,1117],{"class":95},[64,51559,30898],{"class":99},[64,51561,11488],{"class":95},[64,51563,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,51565,11472],{"class":1418},[64,51567,19845],{"class":1422},[64,51569,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51571,1117],{"class":95},[64,51573,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51575,22198],{"class":1422},[64,51577,3321],{"class":1418},[64,51579,51580],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,51581,9280],{"class":95},[64,51583,51584],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,51585,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,51587,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,51589,212],{"class":211},[64,51591,144],{"class":95},[64,51593,11134],{"class":211},[64,51595,144],{"class":95},[64,51597,13589],{"class":140},[64,51599,5328],{"class":95},[64,51601,50729],{"class":222},[14,51603,51604,51605,51607],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[61,51606,42320],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51609,51610,51611,51613],{},"For sets, ",[61,51612,42320],{}," counts unique items:",[54,51615,51617],{"className":56,"code":51616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[61,51618,51619,51647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631,51633,51635,51637,51639,51641,51643,51645],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51622,1161],{"class":74},[64,51624,92],{"class":91},[64,51626,1415],{"class":95},[64,51628,100],{"class":99},[64,51630,103],{"class":95},[64,51632,106],{"class":99},[64,51634,103],{"class":95},[64,51636,743],{"class":99},[64,51638,103],{"class":95},[64,51640,743],{"class":99},[64,51642,103],{"class":95},[64,51644,106],{"class":99},[64,51646,9280],{"class":95},[64,51648,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51650,212],{"class":211},[64,51652,144],{"class":95},[64,51654,11134],{"class":211},[64,51656,144],{"class":95},[64,51658,3611],{"class":140},[64,51660,5328],{"class":95},[64,51662,50729],{"class":222},[14,51664,51665],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51667,51668],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[54,51670,51672],{"className":56,"code":51671,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[61,51673,51674,51682,51686,51704],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51675,51676,51678,51680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51677,9137],{"class":74},[64,51679,92],{"class":91},[64,51681,9810],{"class":95},[64,51683,51684],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51685,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,51687,51688,51690,51692,51694,51696,51698,51700,51702],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,51689,6965],{"class":70},[64,51691,38343],{"class":211},[64,51693,144],{"class":95},[64,51695,9176],{"class":140},[64,51697,219],{"class":95},[64,51699,6378],{"class":91},[64,51701,3797],{"class":99},[64,51703,6363],{"class":95},[64,51705,51706,51708,51710,51712,51715,51717],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,51707,8039],{"class":211},[64,51709,144],{"class":95},[64,51711,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51713,51714],{"class":1422},"The dictionary is empty",[64,51716,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51718,150],{"class":95},[49,51720,41004],{"id":41003},[14,51722,51723,51724,137],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[61,51725,42320],{},[816,51727,51729],{"id":51728},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[54,51731,51733],{"className":56,"code":51732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[61,51734,51735,51743,51747,51765],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51736,51737,51739,51741],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51738,7749],{"class":74},[64,51740,92],{"class":91},[64,51742,7808],{"class":95},[64,51744,51745],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51746,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,51748,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,51750,6965],{"class":70},[64,51752,38343],{"class":211},[64,51754,144],{"class":95},[64,51756,7779],{"class":140},[64,51758,219],{"class":95},[64,51760,6378],{"class":91},[64,51762,3797],{"class":99},[64,51764,6363],{"class":95},[64,51766,51767,51769,51771,51773,51776,51778],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,51768,8039],{"class":211},[64,51770,144],{"class":95},[64,51772,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51774,51775],{"class":1422},"The list is empty",[64,51777,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51779,150],{"class":95},[816,51781,51783],{"id":51782},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[54,51785,51787],{"className":56,"code":51786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[61,51788,51789,51808],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51790,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801,51804,51806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51792,6123],{"class":74},[64,51794,92],{"class":91},[64,51796,8212],{"class":211},[64,51798,144],{"class":95},[64,51800,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51802,51803],{"class":1422},"Enter a word: ",[64,51805,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51807,150],{"class":95},[64,51809,51810,51812,51814,51816,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51811,212],{"class":211},[64,51813,144],{"class":95},[64,51815,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51817,51818],{"class":1422},"Number of characters:",[64,51820,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51822,103],{"class":95},[64,51824,38343],{"class":211},[64,51826,144],{"class":95},[64,51828,38348],{"class":140},[64,51830,1737],{"class":95},[816,51832,51834],{"id":51833},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[54,51836,51838],{"className":56,"code":51837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[61,51839,51840,51854,51858,51876,51891,51897],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51841,51842,51845,51847,51849,51852],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51843,51844],{"class":74},"password ",[64,51846,92],{"class":91},[64,51848,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51850,51851],{"class":1422},"secret123",[64,51853,3321],{"class":1418},[64,51855,51856],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51857,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,51859,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870,51872,51874],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,51861,6965],{"class":70},[64,51863,38343],{"class":211},[64,51865,144],{"class":95},[64,51867,17575],{"class":140},[64,51869,219],{"class":95},[64,51871,51247],{"class":91},[64,51873,6329],{"class":99},[64,51875,6363],{"class":95},[64,51877,51878,51880,51882,51884,51887,51889],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,51879,8039],{"class":211},[64,51881,144],{"class":95},[64,51883,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51885,51886],{"class":1422},"Password length is valid",[64,51888,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51890,150],{"class":95},[64,51892,51893,51895],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,51894,27388],{"class":70},[64,51896,6363],{"class":95},[64,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51908,51910],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,51900,8039],{"class":211},[64,51902,144],{"class":95},[64,51904,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51906,51907],{"class":1422},"Password is too short",[64,51909,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51911,150],{"class":95},[816,51913,51915],{"id":51914},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[54,51917,51919],{"className":56,"code":51918,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[61,51920,51921,51957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,51922,51923,51926,51928,51930,51932,51935,51937,51939,51941,51944,51946,51948,51950,51953,51955],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51924,51925],{"class":74},"results ",[64,51927,92],{"class":91},[64,51929,112],{"class":95},[64,51931,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51933,51934],{"class":1422},"item1",[64,51936,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51938,103],{"class":95},[64,51940,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51942,51943],{"class":1422},"item2",[64,51945,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51947,103],{"class":95},[64,51949,3315],{"class":1418},[64,51951,51952],{"class":1422},"item3",[64,51954,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51956,746],{"class":95},[64,51958,51959,51961,51963,51965,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976,51979],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,51960,212],{"class":211},[64,51962,144],{"class":95},[64,51964,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51966,51967],{"class":1422},"Items found:",[64,51969,1419],{"class":1418},[64,51971,103],{"class":95},[64,51973,38343],{"class":211},[64,51975,144],{"class":95},[64,51977,51978],{"class":140},"results",[64,51980,1737],{"class":95},[14,51982,51983],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[49,51985,51987],{"id":51986},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51989,51990,51992],{},[61,51991,42320],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51994,51995,51996,1117],{},"These will raise a ",[61,51997,2964],{},[21,51999,52000,52003,52006],{},[24,52001,52002],{},"plain integers",[24,52004,52005],{},"floats",[24,52007,52008],{},[61,52009,3741],{},[14,52011,318],{},[54,52013,52015],{"className":56,"code":52014,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(5))\n",[61,52016,52017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52018,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52020,212],{"class":211},[64,52022,144],{"class":95},[64,52024,11134],{"class":211},[64,52026,144],{"class":95},[64,52028,385],{"class":99},[64,52030,1737],{"class":95},[14,52032,52033,52034,52036],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[61,52035,385],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52038,52039],{},"Another example:",[54,52041,52043],{"className":56,"code":52042,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(3.14))\n",[61,52044,52045],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52046,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055,52057],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52048,212],{"class":211},[64,52050,144],{"class":95},[64,52052,11134],{"class":211},[64,52054,144],{"class":95},[64,52056,40101],{"class":99},[64,52058,1737],{"class":95},[14,52060,52061,52062,1117],{},"And with ",[61,52063,3741],{},[54,52065,52067],{"className":56,"code":52066,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[61,52068,52069,52077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52070,52071,52073,52075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52072,2411],{"class":74},[64,52074,92],{"class":91},[64,52076,48485],{"class":3816},[64,52078,52079,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52080,212],{"class":211},[64,52082,144],{"class":95},[64,52084,11134],{"class":211},[64,52086,144],{"class":95},[64,52088,2436],{"class":140},[64,52090,1737],{"class":95},[14,52092,52093,52094,137],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[543,52095,52097],{"href":52096},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[49,52099,52101],{"id":52100},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52103,52104,52105,52107],{},"Before using ",[61,52106,42320],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52109,52110],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[54,52112,52114],{"className":56,"code":52113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[61,52115,52116,52124,52128,52138,52152,52170,52188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52117,52118,52120,52122],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52119,2411],{"class":74},[64,52121,92],{"class":91},[64,52123,48485],{"class":3816},[64,52125,52126],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52127,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,52129,52130,52132,52134,52136],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,52131,212],{"class":211},[64,52133,144],{"class":95},[64,52135,2436],{"class":140},[64,52137,150],{"class":95},[64,52139,52140,52142,52144,52146,52148,52150],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,52141,212],{"class":211},[64,52143,144],{"class":95},[64,52145,1779],{"class":1778},[64,52147,144],{"class":95},[64,52149,2436],{"class":140},[64,52151,1737],{"class":95},[64,52153,52154,52156,52158,52160,52162,52164,52166,52168],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,52155,212],{"class":211},[64,52157,144],{"class":95},[64,52159,48833],{"class":211},[64,52161,144],{"class":95},[64,52163,2436],{"class":140},[64,52165,103],{"class":95},[64,52167,48862],{"class":1778},[64,52169,1737],{"class":95},[64,52171,52172,52174,52176,52178,52180,52182,52184,52186],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,52173,212],{"class":211},[64,52175,144],{"class":95},[64,52177,48833],{"class":211},[64,52179,144],{"class":95},[64,52181,2436],{"class":140},[64,52183,103],{"class":95},[64,52185,22513],{"class":1778},[64,52187,1737],{"class":95},[64,52189,52190,52192,52194,52196,52198,52200,52202,52204],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,52191,212],{"class":211},[64,52193,144],{"class":95},[64,52195,48833],{"class":211},[64,52197,144],{"class":95},[64,52199,2436],{"class":140},[64,52201,103],{"class":95},[64,52203,9142],{"class":1778},[64,52205,1737],{"class":95},[14,52207,52208],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52210,52211],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[54,52213,52215],{"className":56,"code":52214,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[61,52216,52217,52229,52233,52247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52218,52219,52221,52223,52225,52227],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52220,2411],{"class":74},[64,52222,92],{"class":91},[64,52224,3315],{"class":1418},[64,52226,3809],{"class":1422},[64,52228,3321],{"class":1418},[64,52230,52231],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52232,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,52234,52235,52237,52239,52241,52243,52245],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,52236,6965],{"class":70},[64,52238,21537],{"class":74},[64,52240,877],{"class":91},[64,52242,8069],{"class":91},[64,52244,3817],{"class":3816},[64,52246,6363],{"class":95},[64,52248,52249,52251,52253,52255,52257,52259],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,52250,8039],{"class":211},[64,52252,144],{"class":95},[64,52254,11134],{"class":211},[64,52256,144],{"class":95},[64,52258,2436],{"class":140},[64,52260,1737],{"class":95},[14,52262,52263,52264,137],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[543,52265,8412],{"href":2264},[49,52267,1646],{"id":1645},[14,52269,23048,52270,1117],{},[61,52271,42320],{},[21,52273,52274,52282,52290,52298,52304],{},[24,52275,1654,52276,52278,52279],{},[61,52277,42320],{}," on an integer like ",[61,52280,52281],{},"len(5)",[24,52283,1654,52284,52286,52287],{},[61,52285,42320],{}," on a float like ",[61,52288,52289],{},"len(3.14)",[24,52291,1654,52292,52294,52295,52297],{},[61,52293,42320],{}," on ",[61,52296,3741],{}," after a function returns nothing",[24,52299,4544,52300,52303],{},[61,52301,52302],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[24,52305,52306],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52308,52309],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[54,52311,52313],{"className":56,"code":52312,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[61,52314,52315,52351],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52316,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52318,13170],{"class":74},[64,52320,92],{"class":91},[64,52322,1415],{"class":95},[64,52324,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52326,7637],{"class":1422},[64,52328,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52330,1117],{"class":95},[64,52332,3315],{"class":1418},[64,52334,12846],{"class":1422},[64,52336,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52338,103],{"class":95},[64,52340,3315],{"class":1418},[64,52342,9270],{"class":1422},[64,52344,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52346,1117],{"class":95},[64,52348,1437],{"class":99},[64,52350,9280],{"class":95},[64,52352,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52354,212],{"class":211},[64,52356,144],{"class":95},[64,52358,11134],{"class":211},[64,52360,144],{"class":95},[64,52362,17260],{"class":140},[64,52364,5328],{"class":95},[64,52366,51374],{"class":222},[14,52368,37552,52369,52371,52372,40,52374,137],{},[61,52370,2021],{}," because there are two keys: ",[61,52373,15192],{},[61,52375,52376],{},"\"age\"",[14,52378,52379],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[54,52381,52383],{"className":56,"code":52382,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[61,52384,52385,52398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52386,52387,52389,52391,52393,52396],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52388,34645],{"class":74},[64,52390,92],{"class":91},[64,52392,3315],{"class":1418},[64,52394,52395],{"class":1422},"a b",[64,52397,3321],{"class":1418},[64,52399,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52401,212],{"class":211},[64,52403,144],{"class":95},[64,52405,11134],{"class":211},[64,52407,144],{"class":95},[64,52409,34666],{"class":140},[64,52411,5328],{"class":95},[64,52413,50729],{"class":222},[14,52415,52416],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[49,52418,1826],{"id":1825},[816,52420,52422],{"id":52421},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52424,52425],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[816,52427,52429],{"id":52428},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52431,52432],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[816,52434,52436],{"id":52435},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52438,52439],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[816,52441,52443],{"id":52442},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52445,52446,52447,52449,52450,2839,52452,52454,52455,137],{},"No. Using ",[61,52448,42320],{}," on an ",[61,52451,2152],{},[61,52453,2156],{}," raises a ",[61,52456,2964],{},[816,52458,52460],{"id":52459},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52462,7732,52463,137],{},[61,52464,52465],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52467,318],{},[54,52469,52471],{"className":56,"code":52470,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[61,52472,52473,52481,52485,52503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52474,52475,52477,52479],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52476,8278],{"class":74},[64,52478,92],{"class":91},[64,52480,7808],{"class":95},[64,52482,52483],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52484,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,52486,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,52488,6965],{"class":70},[64,52490,38343],{"class":211},[64,52492,144],{"class":95},[64,52494,8309],{"class":140},[64,52496,219],{"class":95},[64,52498,6378],{"class":91},[64,52500,3797],{"class":99},[64,52502,6363],{"class":95},[64,52504,52505,52507,52509,52511,52514,52516],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,52506,8039],{"class":211},[64,52508,144],{"class":95},[64,52510,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52512,52513],{"class":1422},"Empty list",[64,52515,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52517,150],{"class":95},[14,52519,52520,52521,52523,52524,52526,52527,52529],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[61,52522,3635],{}," in an ",[61,52525,6965],{}," statement, but ",[61,52528,42320],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[49,52531,1865],{"id":1864},[21,52533,52534,52538,52542,52546,52551,52555,52561],{},[24,52535,52536],{},[543,52537,50935],{"href":50934},[24,52539,52540],{},[543,52541,50939],{"href":50938},[24,52543,52544],{},[543,52545,9127],{"href":9126},[24,52547,52548],{},[543,52549,52550],{"href":51505},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[24,52552,52553],{},[543,52554,8412],{"href":2264},[24,52556,52557],{},[543,52558,52560],{"href":52559},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[24,52562,52563],{},[543,52564,52565],{"href":52096},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1898,52567,52568],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":52570},[52571,52572,52573,52574,52575,52576,52577,52583,52584,52585,52586,52593],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":50737,"depth":78,"text":50738},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":51082,"depth":78,"text":51083},{"id":51269,"depth":78,"text":51270},{"id":51509,"depth":78,"text":51510},{"id":41003,"depth":78,"text":41004,"children":52578},[52579,52580,52581,52582],{"id":51728,"depth":85,"text":51729},{"id":51782,"depth":85,"text":51783},{"id":51833,"depth":85,"text":51834},{"id":51914,"depth":85,"text":51915},{"id":51986,"depth":78,"text":51987},{"id":52100,"depth":78,"text":52101},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":52587},[52588,52589,52590,52591,52592],{"id":52421,"depth":85,"text":52422},{"id":52428,"depth":85,"text":52429},{"id":52435,"depth":85,"text":52436},{"id":52442,"depth":85,"text":52443},{"id":52459,"depth":85,"text":52460},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50620,"description":52594},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52601,"title":52602,"body":52603,"description":54287,"extension":1927,"meta":54288,"navigation":81,"path":54289,"seo":54290,"stem":54291,"__hash__":54292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52604,"toc":54260},[52605,52608,52622,52628,52630,52684,52689,52693,52709,52712,52726,52732,52734,52737,52756,52772,52774,52850,52852,52889,52900,52902,52905,52966,52968,53001,53004,53010,53014,53017,53142,53144,53202,53210,53263,53265,53292,53298,53308,53312,53315,53320,53372,53374,53400,53406,53460,53462,53487,53490,53514,53520,53522,53526,53528,53585,53587,53595,53597,53619,53621,53674,53676,53700,53704,53706,53745,53747,53755,53761,53765,53817,53819,53845,53853,53857,53862,53871,53873,53939,53941,53973,53977,53982,53984,53998,54001,54074,54076,54102,54104,54108,54115,54119,54126,54130,54133,54135,54188,54190,54216,54220,54229,54231,54257],[10,52606,52602],{"id":52607},"python-list-append-method",[14,52609,1944,52610,52613,52614,52617,52618,52621],{},[61,52611,52612],{},"append()"," method adds ",[37,52615,52616],{},"one item"," to the ",[37,52619,52620],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52623,52624,52625,52627],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[37,52626,300],{}," create a new list.",[49,52629,3572],{"id":3571},[54,52631,52633],{"className":56,"code":52632,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,52634,52635,52655,52669,52679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52636,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52638,1161],{"class":74},[64,52640,92],{"class":91},[64,52642,112],{"class":95},[64,52644,100],{"class":99},[64,52646,103],{"class":95},[64,52648,106],{"class":99},[64,52650,103],{"class":95},[64,52652,743],{"class":99},[64,52654,746],{"class":95},[64,52656,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52658,3611],{"class":74},[64,52660,137],{"class":95},[64,52662,193],{"class":140},[64,52664,144],{"class":95},[64,52666,772],{"class":99},[64,52668,150],{"class":95},[64,52670,52671,52673,52675,52677],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,52672,212],{"class":211},[64,52674,144],{"class":95},[64,52676,3611],{"class":140},[64,52678,150],{"class":95},[64,52680,52681],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,52682,52683],{"class":222},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52685,256,52686,52688],{},[61,52687,52612],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[49,52690,52692],{"id":52691},"what-append-does","What append() does",[21,52694,52695,52700,52703,52706],{},[24,52696,52697,52699],{},[61,52698,52612],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[24,52701,52702],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[24,52704,52705],{},"It does not create a new list",[24,52707,52708],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52710,52711],{},"This means you can append:",[21,52713,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724],{},[24,52715,3611],{},[24,52717,5275],{},[24,52719,40552],{},[24,52721,5266],{},[24,52723,7219],{},[24,52725,34619],{},[14,52727,52728,52729,137],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[543,52730,52731],{"href":50938},"Python lists explained for beginners",[49,52733,5398],{"id":5397},[14,52735,52736],{},"Basic form:",[54,52738,52740],{"className":56,"code":52739,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.append(item)\n",[61,52741,52742],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52743,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52745,8309],{"class":74},[64,52747,137],{"class":95},[64,52749,193],{"class":140},[64,52751,144],{"class":95},[64,52753,23264],{"class":140},[64,52755,150],{"class":95},[21,52757,52758,52763,52768],{},[24,52759,52760,52762],{},[61,52761,8309],{}," is the list you want to change",[24,52764,52765,52767],{},[61,52766,23264],{}," is the value or object to add",[24,52769,11885,52770],{},[61,52771,3741],{},[14,52773,318],{},[54,52775,52777],{"className":56,"code":52776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[61,52778,52779,52803,52826,52830,52840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52780,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52782,36196],{"class":74},[64,52784,92],{"class":91},[64,52786,112],{"class":95},[64,52788,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52790,4043],{"class":1422},[64,52792,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52794,103],{"class":95},[64,52796,3315],{"class":1418},[64,52798,4052],{"class":1422},[64,52800,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52802,746],{"class":95},[64,52804,52805,52807,52809,52812,52814,52816,52818,52820,52822,52824],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52806,2194],{"class":74},[64,52808,92],{"class":91},[64,52810,52811],{"class":74}," fruits",[64,52813,137],{"class":95},[64,52815,193],{"class":140},[64,52817,144],{"class":95},[64,52819,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52821,33177],{"class":1422},[64,52823,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52825,150],{"class":95},[64,52827,52828],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,52829,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,52831,52832,52834,52836,52838],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,52833,212],{"class":211},[64,52835,144],{"class":95},[64,52837,36248],{"class":140},[64,52839,150],{"class":95},[64,52841,52842,52844,52846,52848],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,52843,212],{"class":211},[64,52845,144],{"class":95},[64,52847,2229],{"class":140},[64,52849,150],{"class":95},[14,52851,2035],{},[54,52853,52855],{"className":56,"code":52854,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[61,52856,52857,52885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52858,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52860,184],{"class":95},[64,52862,3261],{"class":1418},[64,52864,4043],{"class":1422},[64,52866,3261],{"class":1418},[64,52868,103],{"class":95},[64,52870,3256],{"class":1418},[64,52872,4052],{"class":1422},[64,52874,3261],{"class":1418},[64,52876,103],{"class":95},[64,52878,3256],{"class":1418},[64,52880,33177],{"class":1422},[64,52882,3261],{"class":1418},[64,52884,746],{"class":95},[64,52886,52887],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52888,11782],{"class":3816},[14,52890,52891,52892,52894,52895,52897,52898,137],{},"The important detail is that ",[61,52893,52612],{}," updates ",[61,52896,36248],{},", but the method itself returns ",[61,52899,3741],{},[49,52901,11449],{"id":11448},[14,52903,52904],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[54,52906,52908],{"className":56,"code":52907,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[61,52909,52910,52934,52952,52956],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52911,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52913,13041],{"class":74},[64,52915,92],{"class":91},[64,52917,112],{"class":95},[64,52919,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52921,13058],{"class":1422},[64,52923,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52925,103],{"class":95},[64,52927,3315],{"class":1418},[64,52929,13075],{"class":1422},[64,52931,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52933,746],{"class":95},[64,52935,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,52937,17456],{"class":74},[64,52939,137],{"class":95},[64,52941,193],{"class":140},[64,52943,144],{"class":95},[64,52945,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52947,17409],{"class":1422},[64,52949,1419],{"class":1418},[64,52951,150],{"class":95},[64,52953,52954],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,52955,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,52957,52958,52960,52962,52964],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,52959,212],{"class":211},[64,52961,144],{"class":95},[64,52963,17456],{"class":140},[64,52965,150],{"class":95},[14,52967,2035],{},[54,52969,52971],{"className":56,"code":52970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[61,52972,52973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,52974,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52976,184],{"class":95},[64,52978,3261],{"class":1418},[64,52980,13058],{"class":1422},[64,52982,3261],{"class":1418},[64,52984,103],{"class":95},[64,52986,3256],{"class":1418},[64,52988,13075],{"class":1422},[64,52990,3261],{"class":1418},[64,52992,103],{"class":95},[64,52994,3256],{"class":1418},[64,52996,17409],{"class":1422},[64,52998,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53000,746],{"class":95},[14,53002,53003],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53005,31038,53006,137],{},[543,53007,53009],{"href":53008},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[49,53011,53013],{"id":53012},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53015,53016],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[54,53018,53020],{"className":56,"code":53019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,53021,53022,53030,53034,53048,53066,53080,53106,53128,53132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53023,53024,53026,53028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53025,7749],{"class":74},[64,53027,92],{"class":91},[64,53029,7808],{"class":95},[64,53031,53032],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53033,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53035,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53037,7779],{"class":74},[64,53039,137],{"class":95},[64,53041,193],{"class":140},[64,53043,144],{"class":95},[64,53045,1432],{"class":99},[64,53047,150],{"class":95},[64,53049,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53051,7779],{"class":74},[64,53053,137],{"class":95},[64,53055,193],{"class":140},[64,53057,144],{"class":95},[64,53059,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53061,3809],{"class":1422},[64,53063,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53065,150],{"class":95},[64,53067,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,53069,7779],{"class":74},[64,53071,137],{"class":95},[64,53073,193],{"class":140},[64,53075,144],{"class":95},[64,53077,3567],{"class":3816},[64,53079,150],{"class":95},[64,53081,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,53083,7779],{"class":74},[64,53085,137],{"class":95},[64,53087,193],{"class":140},[64,53089,5497],{"class":95},[64,53091,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53093,7637],{"class":1422},[64,53095,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53097,1117],{"class":95},[64,53099,3315],{"class":1418},[64,53101,7646],{"class":1422},[64,53103,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53105,30451],{"class":95},[64,53107,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,53109,7779],{"class":74},[64,53111,137],{"class":95},[64,53113,193],{"class":140},[64,53115,382],{"class":95},[64,53117,100],{"class":99},[64,53119,103],{"class":95},[64,53121,106],{"class":99},[64,53123,103],{"class":95},[64,53125,743],{"class":99},[64,53127,393],{"class":95},[64,53129,53130],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,53131,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53133,53134,53136,53138,53140],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,53135,212],{"class":211},[64,53137,144],{"class":95},[64,53139,7779],{"class":140},[64,53141,150],{"class":95},[14,53143,2035],{},[54,53145,53147],{"className":56,"code":53146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[61,53148,53149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53150,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53152,184],{"class":95},[64,53154,1432],{"class":99},[64,53156,103],{"class":95},[64,53158,3256],{"class":1418},[64,53160,3809],{"class":1422},[64,53162,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53164,103],{"class":95},[64,53166,3879],{"class":3816},[64,53168,103],{"class":95},[64,53170,1415],{"class":95},[64,53172,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53174,7637],{"class":1422},[64,53176,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53178,1117],{"class":95},[64,53180,3256],{"class":1418},[64,53182,7646],{"class":1422},[64,53184,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53186,53187],{"class":95},"},",[64,53189,112],{"class":95},[64,53191,100],{"class":99},[64,53193,103],{"class":95},[64,53195,106],{"class":99},[64,53197,103],{"class":95},[64,53199,743],{"class":99},[64,53201,123],{"class":95},[14,53203,53204,53205,42114,53207,137],{},"A list added with ",[61,53206,52612],{},[37,53208,53209],{},"one single item",[54,53211,53213],{"className":56,"code":53212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,53214,53215,53231,53249,53253],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53216,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53218,1161],{"class":74},[64,53220,92],{"class":91},[64,53222,112],{"class":95},[64,53224,100],{"class":99},[64,53226,103],{"class":95},[64,53228,106],{"class":99},[64,53230,746],{"class":95},[64,53232,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53234,3611],{"class":74},[64,53236,137],{"class":95},[64,53238,193],{"class":140},[64,53240,382],{"class":95},[64,53242,115],{"class":99},[64,53244,103],{"class":95},[64,53246,120],{"class":99},[64,53248,393],{"class":95},[64,53250,53251],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53252,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53254,53255,53257,53259,53261],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53256,212],{"class":211},[64,53258,144],{"class":95},[64,53260,3611],{"class":140},[64,53262,150],{"class":95},[14,53264,2035],{},[54,53266,53268],{"className":56,"code":53267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[61,53269,53270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53271,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53273,184],{"class":95},[64,53275,100],{"class":99},[64,53277,103],{"class":95},[64,53279,106],{"class":99},[64,53281,103],{"class":95},[64,53283,112],{"class":95},[64,53285,115],{"class":99},[64,53287,103],{"class":95},[64,53289,120],{"class":99},[64,53291,123],{"class":95},[14,53293,2251,53294,53297],{},[61,53295,53296],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53299,53300,53301,53307],{},"This is different from ",[543,53302,53304],{"href":53303},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[61,53305,53306],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[49,53309,53311],{"id":53310},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53313,53314],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[816,53316,1654,53318],{"id":53317},"using-append",[61,53319,52612],{},[54,53321,53322],{"className":56,"code":53212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53323,53324,53340,53358,53362],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53325,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53327,1161],{"class":74},[64,53329,92],{"class":91},[64,53331,112],{"class":95},[64,53333,100],{"class":99},[64,53335,103],{"class":95},[64,53337,106],{"class":99},[64,53339,746],{"class":95},[64,53341,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354,53356],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53343,3611],{"class":74},[64,53345,137],{"class":95},[64,53347,193],{"class":140},[64,53349,382],{"class":95},[64,53351,115],{"class":99},[64,53353,103],{"class":95},[64,53355,120],{"class":99},[64,53357,393],{"class":95},[64,53359,53360],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53361,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53363,53364,53366,53368,53370],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53365,212],{"class":211},[64,53367,144],{"class":95},[64,53369,3611],{"class":140},[64,53371,150],{"class":95},[14,53373,2035],{},[54,53375,53376],{"className":56,"code":53267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53377,53378],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53379,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53381,184],{"class":95},[64,53383,100],{"class":99},[64,53385,103],{"class":95},[64,53387,106],{"class":99},[64,53389,103],{"class":95},[64,53391,112],{"class":95},[64,53393,115],{"class":99},[64,53395,103],{"class":95},[64,53397,120],{"class":99},[64,53399,123],{"class":95},[816,53401,1654,53403],{"id":53402},"using-extend",[61,53404,53405],{},"extend()",[54,53407,53409],{"className":56,"code":53408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,53410,53411,53427,53446,53450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53412,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53414,1161],{"class":74},[64,53416,92],{"class":91},[64,53418,112],{"class":95},[64,53420,100],{"class":99},[64,53422,103],{"class":95},[64,53424,106],{"class":99},[64,53426,746],{"class":95},[64,53428,53429,53431,53433,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53430,3611],{"class":74},[64,53432,137],{"class":95},[64,53434,53435],{"class":140},"extend",[64,53437,382],{"class":95},[64,53439,115],{"class":99},[64,53441,103],{"class":95},[64,53443,120],{"class":99},[64,53445,393],{"class":95},[64,53447,53448],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53449,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53451,53452,53454,53456,53458],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53453,212],{"class":211},[64,53455,144],{"class":95},[64,53457,3611],{"class":140},[64,53459,150],{"class":95},[14,53461,2035],{},[54,53463,53465],{"className":56,"code":53464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,53466,53467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53468,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53470,184],{"class":95},[64,53472,100],{"class":99},[64,53474,103],{"class":95},[64,53476,106],{"class":99},[64,53478,103],{"class":95},[64,53480,743],{"class":99},[64,53482,103],{"class":95},[64,53484,120],{"class":99},[64,53486,746],{"class":95},[14,53488,53489],{},"The difference:",[21,53491,53492,53498,53504,53509],{},[24,53493,53494,53497],{},[61,53495,53496],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[24,53499,53500,53503],{},[61,53501,53502],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[24,53505,256,53506,53508],{},[61,53507,52612],{}," for one item",[24,53510,256,53511,53513],{},[61,53512,53405],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53515,53516,53517,137],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[543,53518,53519],{"href":53303},"Python list extend() method",[49,53521,4483],{"id":4482},[816,53523,53525],{"id":53524},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53527,25645],{},[54,53529,53531],{"className":56,"code":53530,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,53532,53533,53553,53571,53575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53534,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53536,7749],{"class":74},[64,53538,92],{"class":91},[64,53540,112],{"class":95},[64,53542,100],{"class":99},[64,53544,103],{"class":95},[64,53546,106],{"class":99},[64,53548,103],{"class":95},[64,53550,743],{"class":99},[64,53552,746],{"class":95},[64,53554,53555,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53556,7749],{"class":74},[64,53558,92],{"class":91},[64,53560,5934],{"class":74},[64,53562,137],{"class":95},[64,53564,193],{"class":140},[64,53566,144],{"class":95},[64,53568,772],{"class":99},[64,53570,150],{"class":95},[64,53572,53573],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53574,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53576,53577,53579,53581,53583],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53578,212],{"class":211},[64,53580,144],{"class":95},[64,53582,7779],{"class":140},[64,53584,150],{"class":95},[14,53586,2035],{},[54,53588,53589],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53590,53591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53592,53593],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53594,11782],{"class":3816},[14,53596,11874],{},[21,53598,53599,53604,53610],{},[24,53600,53601,53603],{},[61,53602,52612],{}," changes the list in place",[24,53605,53606,2361,53608],{},[61,53607,52612],{},[61,53609,3741],{},[24,53611,53612,53613,53616,53617],{},"So ",[61,53614,53615],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[61,53618,3741],{},[14,53620,10779],{},[54,53622,53624],{"className":56,"code":53623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,53625,53626,53646,53660,53664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53627,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53629,7749],{"class":74},[64,53631,92],{"class":91},[64,53633,112],{"class":95},[64,53635,100],{"class":99},[64,53637,103],{"class":95},[64,53639,106],{"class":99},[64,53641,103],{"class":95},[64,53643,743],{"class":99},[64,53645,746],{"class":95},[64,53647,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53649,7779],{"class":74},[64,53651,137],{"class":95},[64,53653,193],{"class":140},[64,53655,144],{"class":95},[64,53657,772],{"class":99},[64,53659,150],{"class":95},[64,53661,53662],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53663,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53665,53666,53668,53670,53672],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53667,212],{"class":211},[64,53669,144],{"class":95},[64,53671,7779],{"class":140},[64,53673,150],{"class":95},[14,53675,2035],{},[54,53677,53678],{"className":56,"code":53464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53679,53680],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53681,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53683,184],{"class":95},[64,53685,100],{"class":99},[64,53687,103],{"class":95},[64,53689,106],{"class":99},[64,53691,103],{"class":95},[64,53693,743],{"class":99},[64,53695,103],{"class":95},[64,53697,120],{"class":99},[64,53699,746],{"class":95},[816,53701,53703],{"id":53702},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53705,18867],{},[54,53707,53709],{"className":56,"code":53708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[61,53710,53711,53735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53712,53713,53715,53717,53719,53721,53723,53725,53727,53729,53731,53733],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53714,31838],{"class":74},[64,53716,92],{"class":91},[64,53718,112],{"class":95},[64,53720,100],{"class":99},[64,53722,103],{"class":95},[64,53724,106],{"class":99},[64,53726,190],{"class":95},[64,53728,193],{"class":140},[64,53730,144],{"class":95},[64,53732,115],{"class":99},[64,53734,150],{"class":95},[64,53736,53737,53739,53741,53743],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53738,212],{"class":211},[64,53740,144],{"class":95},[64,53742,31857],{"class":140},[64,53744,150],{"class":95},[14,53746,2035],{},[54,53748,53749],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53750,53751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53752,53753],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53754,11782],{"class":3816},[14,53756,53757,53758,53760],{},"Remember: ",[61,53759,52612],{}," updates the list you already have.",[816,53762,53764],{"id":53763},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[54,53766,53767],{"className":56,"code":53212,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53768,53769,53785,53803,53807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53770,53771,53773,53775,53777,53779,53781,53783],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53772,1161],{"class":74},[64,53774,92],{"class":91},[64,53776,112],{"class":95},[64,53778,100],{"class":99},[64,53780,103],{"class":95},[64,53782,106],{"class":99},[64,53784,746],{"class":95},[64,53786,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53788,3611],{"class":74},[64,53790,137],{"class":95},[64,53792,193],{"class":140},[64,53794,382],{"class":95},[64,53796,115],{"class":99},[64,53798,103],{"class":95},[64,53800,120],{"class":99},[64,53802,393],{"class":95},[64,53804,53805],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53806,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53808,53809,53811,53813,53815],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53810,212],{"class":211},[64,53812,144],{"class":95},[64,53814,3611],{"class":140},[64,53816,150],{"class":95},[14,53818,2035],{},[54,53820,53821],{"className":56,"code":53267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53822,53823],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53824,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53826,184],{"class":95},[64,53828,100],{"class":99},[64,53830,103],{"class":95},[64,53832,106],{"class":99},[64,53834,103],{"class":95},[64,53836,112],{"class":95},[64,53838,115],{"class":99},[64,53840,103],{"class":95},[64,53842,120],{"class":99},[64,53844,123],{"class":95},[14,53846,3129,53847,53850,53851,6598],{},[61,53848,53849],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[61,53852,53405],{},[816,53854,53856],{"id":53855},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53858,53859,53861],{},[61,53860,52612],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53863,53864,53865,137],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[543,53866,53868],{"href":53867},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[61,53869,53870],{},"list.insert()",[14,53872,318],{},[54,53874,53876],{"className":56,"code":53875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[61,53877,53878,53902,53925,53929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53879,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53881,36048],{"class":74},[64,53883,92],{"class":91},[64,53885,112],{"class":95},[64,53887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53889,543],{"class":1422},[64,53891,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53893,103],{"class":95},[64,53895,3315],{"class":1418},[64,53897,9711],{"class":1422},[64,53899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53901,746],{"class":95},[64,53903,53904,53906,53908,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,53905,36101],{"class":74},[64,53907,137],{"class":95},[64,53909,53910],{"class":140},"insert",[64,53912,144],{"class":95},[64,53914,100],{"class":99},[64,53916,103],{"class":95},[64,53918,3315],{"class":1418},[64,53920,1235],{"class":1422},[64,53922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,53924,150],{"class":95},[64,53926,53927],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,53928,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,53930,53931,53933,53935,53937],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,53932,212],{"class":211},[64,53934,144],{"class":95},[64,53936,36101],{"class":140},[64,53938,150],{"class":95},[14,53940,2035],{},[54,53942,53943],{"className":56,"code":42835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,53944,53945],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,53946,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961,53963,53965,53967,53969,53971],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53948,184],{"class":95},[64,53950,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53952,543],{"class":1422},[64,53954,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53956,103],{"class":95},[64,53958,3256],{"class":1418},[64,53960,1235],{"class":1422},[64,53962,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53964,103],{"class":95},[64,53966,3256],{"class":1418},[64,53968,9711],{"class":1422},[64,53970,3261],{"class":1418},[64,53972,746],{"class":95},[49,53974,53976],{"id":53975},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53978,53979,53981],{},[61,53980,52612],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53983,36383],{},[21,53985,53986,53989,53992,53995],{},[24,53987,53988],{},"building a list in a loop",[24,53990,53991],{},"collecting user input",[24,53993,53994],{},"storing results step by step",[24,53996,53997],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53999,54000],{},"Example with a loop:",[54,54002,54004],{"className":56,"code":54003,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[61,54005,54006,54015,54019,54040,54059,54063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54007,54008,54011,54013],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54009,54010],{"class":74},"squares ",[64,54012,92],{"class":91},[64,54014,7808],{"class":95},[64,54016,54017],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54018,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54020,54021,54023,54025,54027,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54022,5926],{"class":70},[64,54024,6356],{"class":74},[64,54026,3847],{"class":70},[64,54028,54029],{"class":211}," range",[64,54031,144],{"class":95},[64,54033,100],{"class":99},[64,54035,103],{"class":95},[64,54037,4570],{"class":99},[64,54039,8312],{"class":95},[64,54041,54042,54045,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,54043,54044],{"class":74},"    squares",[64,54046,137],{"class":95},[64,54048,193],{"class":140},[64,54050,144],{"class":95},[64,54052,2181],{"class":140},[64,54054,39830],{"class":91},[64,54056,2161],{"class":140},[64,54058,150],{"class":95},[64,54060,54061],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,54062,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54064,54065,54067,54069,54072],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,54066,212],{"class":211},[64,54068,144],{"class":95},[64,54070,54071],{"class":140},"squares",[64,54073,150],{"class":95},[14,54075,2035],{},[54,54077,54079],{"className":56,"code":54078,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[61,54080,54081],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54082,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093,54096,54098,54100],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54084,184],{"class":95},[64,54086,100],{"class":99},[64,54088,103],{"class":95},[64,54090,120],{"class":99},[64,54092,103],{"class":95},[64,54094,54095],{"class":99}," 9",[64,54097,103],{"class":95},[64,54099,13949],{"class":99},[64,54101,746],{"class":95},[49,54103,1826],{"id":1825},[816,54105,54107],{"id":54106},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54109,46323,54110,54112,54113,137],{},[61,54111,52612],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[61,54114,3741],{},[816,54116,54118],{"id":54117},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54120,54121,54122,137],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[543,54123,54124],{"href":53303},[61,54125,53405],{},[816,54127,54129],{"id":54128},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54131,54132],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54134,318],{},[54,54136,54138],{"className":56,"code":54137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[61,54139,54140,54156,54174,54178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54141,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54143,9137],{"class":74},[64,54145,92],{"class":91},[64,54147,112],{"class":95},[64,54149,100],{"class":99},[64,54151,103],{"class":95},[64,54153,106],{"class":99},[64,54155,746],{"class":95},[64,54157,54158,54160,54162,54164,54166,54168,54170,54172],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54159,9176],{"class":74},[64,54161,137],{"class":95},[64,54163,193],{"class":140},[64,54165,382],{"class":95},[64,54167,115],{"class":99},[64,54169,103],{"class":95},[64,54171,120],{"class":99},[64,54173,393],{"class":95},[64,54175,54176],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54177,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54179,54180,54182,54184,54186],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,54181,212],{"class":211},[64,54183,144],{"class":95},[64,54185,9176],{"class":140},[64,54187,150],{"class":95},[14,54189,2035],{},[54,54191,54192],{"className":56,"code":53267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,54193,54194],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54195,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54197,184],{"class":95},[64,54199,100],{"class":99},[64,54201,103],{"class":95},[64,54203,106],{"class":99},[64,54205,103],{"class":95},[64,54207,112],{"class":95},[64,54209,115],{"class":99},[64,54211,103],{"class":95},[64,54213,120],{"class":99},[64,54215,123],{"class":95},[816,54217,54219],{"id":54218},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54221,54222,54224,54225,54228],{},[61,54223,52612],{}," adds at the end. ",[61,54226,54227],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[49,54230,1865],{"id":1864},[21,54232,54233,54238,54242,54247,54251],{},[24,54234,54235],{},[543,54236,54237],{"href":53008},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[24,54239,54240],{},[543,54241,53519],{"href":53303},[24,54243,54244],{},[543,54245,54246],{"href":53867},"Python list insert() method",[24,54248,54249],{},[543,54250,52731],{"href":50938},[24,54252,54253],{},[543,54254,54256],{"href":54255},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1898,54258,54259],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":54261},[54262,54263,54264,54265,54266,54267,54273,54279,54280,54286],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":52691,"depth":78,"text":52692},{"id":5397,"depth":78,"text":5398},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":53012,"depth":78,"text":53013},{"id":53310,"depth":78,"text":53311,"children":54268},[54269,54271],{"id":53317,"depth":85,"text":54270},"Using append()",{"id":53402,"depth":85,"text":54272},"Using extend()",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":54274},[54275,54276,54277,54278],{"id":53524,"depth":85,"text":53525},{"id":53702,"depth":85,"text":53703},{"id":53763,"depth":85,"text":53764},{"id":53855,"depth":85,"text":53856},{"id":53975,"depth":78,"text":53976},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":54281},[54282,54283,54284,54285],{"id":54106,"depth":85,"text":54107},{"id":54117,"depth":85,"text":54118},{"id":54128,"depth":85,"text":54129},{"id":54218,"depth":85,"text":54219},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52602,"description":54287},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54294,"title":54295,"body":54296,"description":55538,"extension":1927,"meta":55539,"navigation":81,"path":55540,"seo":55541,"stem":55542,"__hash__":55543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54297,"toc":55503},[54298,54304,54310,54316,54318,54366,54371,54376,54380,54396,54402,54404,54407,54422,54424,54435,54437,54439,54496,54498,54506,54508,54524,54530,54532,54538,54542,54626,54629,54678,54685,54693,54696,54710,54723,54729,54804,54811,54818,54891,54899,54902,54913,54921,54925,54929,54940,54942,55019,55040,55042,55052,55055,55103,55105,55126,55129,55131,55182,55188,55195,55262,55268,55274,55277,55304,55309,55315,55318,55390,55393,55404,55410,55412,55418,55421,55427,55433,55440,55448,55454,55460,55462,55500],[10,54299,54301,54302,11295],{"id":54300},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[61,54303,11294],{},[14,54305,54306,54309],{},[61,54307,54308],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54311,54312,54313,54315],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[37,54314,11307],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[49,54317,3572],{"id":3571},[54,54319,54321],{"className":56,"code":54320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[61,54322,54323,54343,54353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54324,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54326,7749],{"class":74},[64,54328,92],{"class":91},[64,54330,112],{"class":95},[64,54332,100],{"class":99},[64,54334,103],{"class":95},[64,54336,106],{"class":99},[64,54338,103],{"class":95},[64,54340,743],{"class":99},[64,54342,746],{"class":95},[64,54344,54345,54347,54349,54351],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54346,7779],{"class":74},[64,54348,137],{"class":95},[64,54350,11356],{"class":140},[64,54352,366],{"class":95},[64,54354,54355,54357,54359,54361,54363],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54356,212],{"class":211},[64,54358,144],{"class":95},[64,54360,7779],{"class":140},[64,54362,219],{"class":95},[64,54364,54365],{"class":222},"  # []\n",[14,54367,256,54368,54370],{},[61,54369,11294],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[49,54372,3639,54374,3642],{"id":54373},"what-listclear-does",[61,54375,54308],{},[14,54377,54378,1117],{},[61,54379,54308],{},[21,54381,54382,54385,54388,54393],{},[24,54383,54384],{},"Removes every item from a list",[24,54386,54387],{},"Changes the original list in place",[24,54389,54390,54391],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[61,54392,3750],{},[24,54394,54395],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54397,54398,54399,54401],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[61,54400,11294],{},", but it contains no values.",[49,54403,2120],{"id":2119},[14,54405,54406],{},"Syntax:",[54,54408,54410],{"className":56,"code":54409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.clear()\n",[61,54411,54412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54413,54414,54416,54418,54420],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54415,8309],{"class":74},[64,54417,137],{"class":95},[64,54419,11356],{"class":140},[64,54421,366],{"class":95},[14,54423,11432],{},[21,54425,54426,54429,54432],{},[24,54427,54428],{},"Call it on a list object",[24,54430,54431],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[24,54433,54434],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[49,54436,11449],{"id":11448},[14,54438,11452],{},[54,54440,54442],{"className":56,"code":54441,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,54443,54444,54468,54472,54482,54486],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54445,54446,54448,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54447,1161],{"class":74},[64,54449,92],{"class":91},[64,54451,112],{"class":95},[64,54453,1432],{"class":99},[64,54455,103],{"class":95},[64,54457,1437],{"class":99},[64,54459,103],{"class":95},[64,54461,7764],{"class":99},[64,54463,103],{"class":95},[64,54465,50802],{"class":99},[64,54467,746],{"class":95},[64,54469,54470],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54471,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54473,54474,54476,54478,54480],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54475,3611],{"class":74},[64,54477,137],{"class":95},[64,54479,11356],{"class":140},[64,54481,366],{"class":95},[64,54483,54484],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,54485,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54487,54488,54490,54492,54494],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,54489,212],{"class":211},[64,54491,144],{"class":95},[64,54493,3611],{"class":140},[64,54495,150],{"class":95},[14,54497,2035],{},[54,54499,54500],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,54501,54502],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54503,54504],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54505,38254],{"class":95},[14,54507,11657],{},[21,54509,54510,54515,54521],{},[24,54511,54512,54514],{},[61,54513,3611],{}," starts with four items",[24,54516,54517,54520],{},[61,54518,54519],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[24,54522,54523],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54525,54526,54527,137],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[543,54528,52731],{"href":54529},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[49,54531,17372],{"id":17371},[14,54533,54534,2361,54536,137],{},[61,54535,11294],{},[61,54537,3741],{},[14,54539,40864,54540,52627],{},[37,54541,300],{},[54,54543,54545],{"className":56,"code":54544,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[61,54546,54547,54579,54583,54597,54601,54614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54548,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54550,7749],{"class":74},[64,54552,92],{"class":91},[64,54554,112],{"class":95},[64,54556,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54558,543],{"class":1422},[64,54560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54562,103],{"class":95},[64,54564,3315],{"class":1418},[64,54566,1235],{"class":1422},[64,54568,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54570,103],{"class":95},[64,54572,3315],{"class":1418},[64,54574,9711],{"class":1422},[64,54576,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54578,746],{"class":95},[64,54580,54581],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54582,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54584,54585,54587,54589,54591,54593,54595],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54586,2194],{"class":74},[64,54588,92],{"class":91},[64,54590,5934],{"class":74},[64,54592,137],{"class":95},[64,54594,11356],{"class":140},[64,54596,366],{"class":95},[64,54598,54599],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,54600,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54602,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,54604,212],{"class":211},[64,54606,144],{"class":95},[64,54608,7779],{"class":140},[64,54610,219],{"class":95},[64,54612,54613],{"class":222},"   # []\n",[64,54615,54616,54618,54620,54622,54624],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,54617,212],{"class":211},[64,54619,144],{"class":95},[64,54621,2229],{"class":140},[64,54623,219],{"class":95},[64,54625,20829],{"class":222},[14,54627,54628],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[54,54630,54632],{"className":56,"code":54631,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[61,54633,54634,54654,54668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54635,54636,54638,54640,54642,54644,54646,54648,54650,54652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54637,7749],{"class":74},[64,54639,92],{"class":91},[64,54641,112],{"class":95},[64,54643,100],{"class":99},[64,54645,103],{"class":95},[64,54647,106],{"class":99},[64,54649,103],{"class":95},[64,54651,743],{"class":99},[64,54653,746],{"class":95},[64,54655,54656,54658,54660,54662,54664,54666],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54657,7749],{"class":74},[64,54659,92],{"class":91},[64,54661,5934],{"class":74},[64,54663,137],{"class":95},[64,54665,11356],{"class":140},[64,54667,366],{"class":95},[64,54669,54670,54672,54674,54676],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54671,212],{"class":211},[64,54673,144],{"class":95},[64,54675,7779],{"class":140},[64,54677,150],{"class":95},[14,54679,11890,54680,42114,54682,54684],{},[61,54681,7779],{},[61,54683,3741],{},", not an empty list.",[49,54686,54688,54690,54691],{"id":54687},"clear-vs-assigning",[61,54689,11294],{}," vs assigning ",[61,54692,3750],{},[14,54694,54695],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[54,54697,54698],{"className":56,"code":54409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,54699,54700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54701,54702,54704,54706,54708],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54703,8309],{"class":74},[64,54705,137],{"class":95},[64,54707,11356],{"class":140},[64,54709,366],{"class":95},[54,54711,54713],{"className":56,"code":54712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n",[61,54714,54715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54716,54717,54719,54721],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54718,8278],{"class":74},[64,54720,92],{"class":91},[64,54722,7808],{"class":95},[816,54724,54726,54728],{"id":54725},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[61,54727,11294],{}," empties the same list object",[54,54730,54732],{"className":56,"code":54731,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[61,54733,54734,54754,54762,54766,54776,54780,54792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748,54750,54752],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54737,1186],{"class":74},[64,54739,92],{"class":91},[64,54741,112],{"class":95},[64,54743,100],{"class":99},[64,54745,103],{"class":95},[64,54747,106],{"class":99},[64,54749,103],{"class":95},[64,54751,743],{"class":99},[64,54753,746],{"class":95},[64,54755,54756,54758,54760],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54757,1202],{"class":74},[64,54759,92],{"class":91},[64,54761,1592],{"class":74},[64,54763,54764],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54765,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54767,54768,54770,54772,54774],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,54769,543],{"class":74},[64,54771,137],{"class":95},[64,54773,11356],{"class":140},[64,54775,366],{"class":95},[64,54777,54778],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,54779,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54781,54782,54784,54786,54788,54790],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,54783,212],{"class":211},[64,54785,144],{"class":95},[64,54787,543],{"class":140},[64,54789,219],{"class":95},[64,54791,54365],{"class":222},[64,54793,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,54795,212],{"class":211},[64,54797,144],{"class":95},[64,54799,1235],{"class":140},[64,54801,219],{"class":95},[64,54803,54365],{"class":222},[14,54805,10562,54806,40,54808,54810],{},[61,54807,543],{},[61,54809,1235],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[816,54812,54814,54817],{"id":54813},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[61,54815,54816],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[54,54819,54821],{"className":56,"code":54820,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,54822,54823,54843,54851,54855,54863,54867,54879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54824,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839,54841],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54826,1186],{"class":74},[64,54828,92],{"class":91},[64,54830,112],{"class":95},[64,54832,100],{"class":99},[64,54834,103],{"class":95},[64,54836,106],{"class":99},[64,54838,103],{"class":95},[64,54840,743],{"class":99},[64,54842,746],{"class":95},[64,54844,54845,54847,54849],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54846,1202],{"class":74},[64,54848,92],{"class":91},[64,54850,1592],{"class":74},[64,54852,54853],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54854,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54856,54857,54859,54861],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,54858,1186],{"class":74},[64,54860,92],{"class":91},[64,54862,7808],{"class":95},[64,54864,54865],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,54866,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54868,54869,54871,54873,54875,54877],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,54870,212],{"class":211},[64,54872,144],{"class":95},[64,54874,543],{"class":140},[64,54876,219],{"class":95},[64,54878,54365],{"class":222},[64,54880,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,54882,212],{"class":211},[64,54884,144],{"class":95},[64,54886,1235],{"class":140},[64,54888,219],{"class":95},[64,54890,1226],{"class":222},[14,54892,20724,54893,54895,54896,54898],{},[61,54894,543],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[61,54897,1235],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54900,54901],{},"This difference matters when:",[21,54903,54904,54907,54910],{},[24,54905,54906],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[24,54908,54909],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[24,54911,54912],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54914,54915,54916,137],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[543,54917,54918,54919,1248],{"href":1245},"the list ",[61,54920,12743],{},[49,54922,4925,54923],{"id":12404},[61,54924,11294],{},[14,54926,256,54927,6287],{},[61,54928,11294],{},[21,54930,54931,54934,54937],{},[24,54932,54933],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[24,54935,54936],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[24,54938,54939],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54941,318],{},[54,54943,54945],{"className":56,"code":54944,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[61,54946,54947,54983,54987,54992,55003,55007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,54948,54949,54952,54954,54956,54958,54961,54963,54965,54967,54970,54972,54974,54976,54979,54981],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54950,54951],{"class":74},"shopping_cart ",[64,54953,92],{"class":91},[64,54955,112],{"class":95},[64,54957,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54959,54960],{"class":1422},"milk",[64,54962,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54964,103],{"class":95},[64,54966,3315],{"class":1418},[64,54968,54969],{"class":1422},"bread",[64,54971,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54973,103],{"class":95},[64,54975,3315],{"class":1418},[64,54977,54978],{"class":1422},"eggs",[64,54980,1419],{"class":1418},[64,54982,746],{"class":95},[64,54984,54985],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,54986,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,54988,54989],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,54990,54991],{"class":222},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[64,54993,54994,54997,54999,55001],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,54995,54996],{"class":74},"shopping_cart",[64,54998,137],{"class":95},[64,55000,11356],{"class":140},[64,55002,366],{"class":95},[64,55004,55005],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,55006,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55008,55009,55011,55013,55015,55017],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,55010,212],{"class":211},[64,55012,144],{"class":95},[64,55014,54996],{"class":140},[64,55016,219],{"class":95},[64,55018,54365],{"class":222},[14,55020,55021,55022,55026,55027,55033,55034,137],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[543,55023,55025],{"href":55024},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[543,55028,55030,1248],{"href":55029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[61,55031,55032],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[543,55035,55037,1248],{"href":55036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[61,55038,55039],{},"list.pop()",[49,55041,4483],{"id":4482},[816,55043,55045,55046,11064,55049],{"id":55044},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[61,55047,55048],{},"my_list.clear",[61,55050,55051],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55053,55054],{},"This does not call the method.",[54,55056,55058],{"className":56,"code":55057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[61,55059,55060,55080,55084,55093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55061,55062,55064,55066,55068,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55063,7749],{"class":74},[64,55065,92],{"class":91},[64,55067,112],{"class":95},[64,55069,100],{"class":99},[64,55071,103],{"class":95},[64,55073,106],{"class":99},[64,55075,103],{"class":95},[64,55077,743],{"class":99},[64,55079,746],{"class":95},[64,55081,55082],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55083,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55085,55086,55088,55090],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55087,7779],{"class":74},[64,55089,137],{"class":95},[64,55091,55092],{"class":24704},"clear\n",[64,55094,55095,55097,55099,55101],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55096,212],{"class":211},[64,55098,144],{"class":95},[64,55100,7779],{"class":140},[64,55102,150],{"class":95},[14,55104,2035],{},[54,55106,55108],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[61,55109,55110],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55111,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55113,184],{"class":95},[64,55115,100],{"class":99},[64,55117,103],{"class":95},[64,55119,106],{"class":99},[64,55121,103],{"class":95},[64,55123,743],{"class":99},[64,55125,746],{"class":95},[14,55127,55128],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55130,10779],{},[54,55132,55134],{"className":56,"code":55133,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[61,55135,55136,55156,55160,55170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55137,55138,55140,55142,55144,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55139,7749],{"class":74},[64,55141,92],{"class":91},[64,55143,112],{"class":95},[64,55145,100],{"class":99},[64,55147,103],{"class":95},[64,55149,106],{"class":99},[64,55151,103],{"class":95},[64,55153,743],{"class":99},[64,55155,746],{"class":95},[64,55157,55158],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55159,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55161,55162,55164,55166,55168],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55163,7779],{"class":74},[64,55165,137],{"class":95},[64,55167,11356],{"class":140},[64,55169,366],{"class":95},[64,55171,55172,55174,55176,55178,55180],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55173,212],{"class":211},[64,55175,144],{"class":95},[64,55177,7779],{"class":140},[64,55179,219],{"class":95},[64,55181,54365],{"class":222},[816,55183,8423,55185,55187],{"id":55184},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[61,55186,11294],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55189,55190,2361,55192,55194],{},[61,55191,11294],{},[61,55193,3741],{},", not the list.",[54,55196,55198],{"className":56,"code":55197,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[61,55199,55200,55220,55234,55238,55250],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55201,55202,55204,55206,55208,55210,55212,55214,55216,55218],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55203,7749],{"class":74},[64,55205,92],{"class":91},[64,55207,112],{"class":95},[64,55209,100],{"class":99},[64,55211,103],{"class":95},[64,55213,106],{"class":99},[64,55215,103],{"class":95},[64,55217,743],{"class":99},[64,55219,746],{"class":95},[64,55221,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55223,2194],{"class":74},[64,55225,92],{"class":91},[64,55227,5934],{"class":74},[64,55229,137],{"class":95},[64,55231,11356],{"class":140},[64,55233,366],{"class":95},[64,55235,55236],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55237,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55239,55240,55242,55244,55246,55248],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55241,212],{"class":211},[64,55243,144],{"class":95},[64,55245,2229],{"class":140},[64,55247,219],{"class":95},[64,55249,20829],{"class":222},[64,55251,55252,55254,55256,55258,55260],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,55253,212],{"class":211},[64,55255,144],{"class":95},[64,55257,7779],{"class":140},[64,55259,219],{"class":95},[64,55261,54613],{"class":222},[816,55263,1654,55265,55267],{"id":55264},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[61,55266,11294],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55269,55270,55271,55273],{},"Some types have a ",[61,55272,11294],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55275,55276],{},"This will fail:",[54,55278,55280],{"className":56,"code":55279,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[61,55281,55282,55294],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55283,55284,55286,55288,55290,55292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55285,34645],{"class":74},[64,55287,92],{"class":91},[64,55289,3315],{"class":1418},[64,55291,3809],{"class":1422},[64,55293,3321],{"class":1418},[64,55295,55296,55298,55300,55302],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55297,34666],{"class":74},[64,55299,137],{"class":95},[64,55301,11356],{"class":140},[64,55303,366],{"class":95},[14,55305,55306,55307,33557],{},"A string does not have a ",[61,55308,11294],{},[14,55310,55311,55312,55314],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[61,55313,3741],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55316,55317],{},"Useful checks:",[54,55319,55321],{"className":56,"code":55320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[61,55322,55323,55333,55347,55361,55370,55380],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55324,55325,55327,55329,55331],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55326,212],{"class":211},[64,55328,144],{"class":95},[64,55330,8309],{"class":140},[64,55332,150],{"class":95},[64,55334,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55336,212],{"class":211},[64,55338,144],{"class":95},[64,55340,1779],{"class":1778},[64,55342,144],{"class":95},[64,55344,8309],{"class":140},[64,55346,1737],{"class":95},[64,55348,55349,55351,55353,55355,55357,55359],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55350,212],{"class":211},[64,55352,144],{"class":95},[64,55354,1720],{"class":211},[64,55356,144],{"class":95},[64,55358,8309],{"class":140},[64,55360,1737],{"class":95},[64,55362,55363,55365,55367],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55364,43508],{"class":74},[64,55366,92],{"class":91},[64,55368,55369],{"class":74}," my_list\n",[64,55371,55372,55374,55376,55378],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,55373,8309],{"class":74},[64,55375,137],{"class":95},[64,55377,11356],{"class":140},[64,55379,366],{"class":95},[64,55381,55382,55384,55386,55388],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,55383,212],{"class":211},[64,55385,144],{"class":95},[64,55387,30698],{"class":140},[64,55389,150],{"class":95},[14,55391,55392],{},"These can help you see:",[21,55394,55395,55398,55401],{},[24,55396,55397],{},"What the variable currently contains",[24,55399,55400],{},"Whether it is really a list",[24,55402,55403],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55405,55406,55407,137],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[543,55408,55409],{"href":54255},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[49,55411,1826],{"id":1825},[816,55413,12670,55415,55417],{"id":55414},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[61,55416,54308],{}," delete the list?",[14,55419,55420],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[816,55422,12670,55424,55426],{"id":55423},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[61,55425,54308],{}," return a new list?",[14,55428,55429,55430,55432],{},"No. It returns ",[61,55431,3741],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[816,55434,5145,55436,40,55438,2456],{"id":55435},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[61,55437,11294],{},[61,55439,54816],{},[14,55441,55442,55444,55445,55447],{},[61,55443,11294],{}," empties the same list object. ",[61,55446,54816],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[816,55449,28282,55451,55453],{"id":55450},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[61,55452,11294],{}," on other types?",[14,55455,55456,55457,55459],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[61,55458,11294],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[49,55461,1865],{"id":1864},[21,55463,55464,55468,55473,55480,55487,55493],{},[24,55465,55466],{},[543,55467,52731],{"href":54529},[24,55469,55470],{},[543,55471,55472],{"href":55024},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[24,55474,55475],{},[543,55476,55477,55478,1248],{"href":55036},"Python list ",[61,55479,12729],{},[24,55481,55482],{},[543,55483,55477,55484,1248],{"href":55029},[61,55485,55486],{},"remove()",[24,55488,55489],{},[543,55490,55477,55491,1248],{"href":1245},[61,55492,12743],{},[24,55494,55495],{},[543,55496,30302,55497,33590],{"href":54255},[61,55498,55499],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1898,55501,55502],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":55504},[55505,55506,55508,55509,55510,55511,55518,55519,55527,55537],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":54373,"depth":78,"text":55507},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":54687,"depth":78,"text":55512,"children":55513},"clear() vs assigning []",[55514,55516],{"id":54725,"depth":85,"text":55515},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54813,"depth":85,"text":55517},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12404,"depth":78,"text":12775},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":55520},[55521,55523,55525],{"id":55044,"depth":85,"text":55522},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55184,"depth":85,"text":55524},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55264,"depth":85,"text":55526},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":55528},[55529,55531,55533,55535],{"id":55414,"depth":85,"text":55530},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55423,"depth":85,"text":55532},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55435,"depth":85,"text":55534},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55450,"depth":85,"text":55536},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54295,"description":55538},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55545,"title":55546,"body":55547,"description":57223,"extension":1927,"meta":57224,"navigation":81,"path":57225,"seo":57226,"stem":57227,"__hash__":57228},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55548,"toc":57192},[55549,55554,55559,55567,55569,55657,55664,55669,55673,55687,55689,55766,55768,55829,55832,55834,55836,55857,55860,55874,55877,55922,55924,55932,55935,55941,55947,55950,56027,56029,56074,56077,56082,56165,56167,56208,56213,56217,56223,56225,56233,56236,56327,56329,56387,56390,56405,56410,56420,56425,56427,56432,56437,56440,56442,56499,56502,56555,56561,56566,56570,56587,56589,56673,56675,56716,56724,56726,56731,56736,56738,56801,56806,56876,56880,56915,56918,56920,56959,56963,57039,57045,57051,57056,57078,57081,57100,57108,57110,57116,57119,57126,57134,57138,57141,57145,57151,57159,57162,57164,57189],[10,55550,54301,55552,11295],{"id":55551},"python-list-copy-method",[61,55553,12743],{},[14,55555,55556,55558],{},[61,55557,1124],{}," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55560,55561,55562,14015,55564,55566],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[61,55563,92],{},[37,55565,300],{}," make a real copy.",[49,55568,52],{"id":51},[54,55570,55572],{"className":56,"code":55571,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,55573,55574,55594,55609,55613,55628,55632,55645],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55575,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55577,1161],{"class":74},[64,55579,92],{"class":91},[64,55581,112],{"class":95},[64,55583,100],{"class":99},[64,55585,103],{"class":95},[64,55587,106],{"class":99},[64,55589,103],{"class":95},[64,55591,743],{"class":99},[64,55593,746],{"class":95},[64,55595,55596,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55597,55598],{"class":74},"new_numbers ",[64,55600,92],{"class":91},[64,55602,1191],{"class":74},[64,55604,137],{"class":95},[64,55606,141],{"class":140},[64,55608,366],{"class":95},[64,55610,55611],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55612,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55614,55615,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55616,55617],{"class":74},"new_numbers",[64,55619,137],{"class":95},[64,55621,193],{"class":140},[64,55623,144],{"class":95},[64,55625,772],{"class":99},[64,55627,150],{"class":95},[64,55629,55630],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,55631,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55633,55634,55636,55638,55640,55642],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,55635,212],{"class":211},[64,55637,144],{"class":95},[64,55639,3611],{"class":140},[64,55641,219],{"class":95},[64,55643,55644],{"class":222},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[64,55646,55647,55649,55651,55653,55655],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,55648,212],{"class":211},[64,55650,144],{"class":95},[64,55652,55617],{"class":140},[64,55654,219],{"class":95},[64,55656,791],{"class":222},[14,55658,256,55659,55661,55662,137],{},[61,55660,1124],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[37,55663,39],{},[49,55665,3639,55667,3642],{"id":55666},"what-listcopy-does",[61,55668,1124],{},[14,55670,55671,1117],{},[61,55672,1124],{},[21,55674,55675,55678,55681,55684],{},[24,55676,55677],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[24,55679,55680],{},"Returns that new list",[24,55682,55683],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[24,55685,55686],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55688,318],{},[54,55690,55692],{"className":56,"code":55691,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[61,55693,55694,55726,55741,55745,55755],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55695,55696,55698,55700,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716,55718,55720,55722,55724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55697,36196],{"class":74},[64,55699,92],{"class":91},[64,55701,112],{"class":95},[64,55703,1419],{"class":1418},[64,55705,4043],{"class":1422},[64,55707,1419],{"class":1418},[64,55709,103],{"class":95},[64,55711,3315],{"class":1418},[64,55713,4052],{"class":1422},[64,55715,1419],{"class":1418},[64,55717,103],{"class":95},[64,55719,3315],{"class":1418},[64,55721,33177],{"class":1422},[64,55723,1419],{"class":1418},[64,55725,746],{"class":95},[64,55727,55728,55731,55733,55735,55737,55739],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55729,55730],{"class":74},"copied_fruits ",[64,55732,92],{"class":91},[64,55734,52811],{"class":74},[64,55736,137],{"class":95},[64,55738,141],{"class":140},[64,55740,366],{"class":95},[64,55742,55743],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55744,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55746,55747,55749,55751,55753],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55748,212],{"class":211},[64,55750,144],{"class":95},[64,55752,36248],{"class":140},[64,55754,150],{"class":95},[64,55756,55757,55759,55761,55764],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,55758,212],{"class":211},[64,55760,144],{"class":95},[64,55762,55763],{"class":140},"copied_fruits",[64,55765,150],{"class":95},[14,55767,2035],{},[54,55769,55771],{"className":56,"code":55770,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[61,55772,55773,55801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55774,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55776,184],{"class":95},[64,55778,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55780,4043],{"class":1422},[64,55782,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55784,103],{"class":95},[64,55786,3256],{"class":1418},[64,55788,4052],{"class":1422},[64,55790,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55792,103],{"class":95},[64,55794,3256],{"class":1418},[64,55796,33177],{"class":1422},[64,55798,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55800,746],{"class":95},[64,55802,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825,55827],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55804,184],{"class":95},[64,55806,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55808,4043],{"class":1422},[64,55810,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55812,103],{"class":95},[64,55814,3256],{"class":1418},[64,55816,4052],{"class":1422},[64,55818,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55820,103],{"class":95},[64,55822,3256],{"class":1418},[64,55824,33177],{"class":1422},[64,55826,3261],{"class":1418},[64,55828,746],{"class":95},[14,55830,55831],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[49,55833,2120],{"id":2119},[14,55835,2123],{},[54,55837,55839],{"className":56,"code":55838,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[61,55840,55841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55842,55843,55846,55848,55851,55853,55855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55844,55845],{"class":74},"new_list ",[64,55847,92],{"class":91},[64,55849,55850],{"class":74}," old_list",[64,55852,137],{"class":95},[64,55854,141],{"class":140},[64,55856,366],{"class":95},[14,55858,55859],{},"How it works:",[21,55861,55862,55868,55871],{},[24,55863,55864,55865,55867],{},"Call ",[61,55866,12743],{}," on an existing list",[24,55869,55870],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[24,55872,55873],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55875,55876],{},"Example with an empty list:",[54,55878,55880],{"className":56,"code":55879,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[61,55881,55882,55891,55907,55911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55883,55884,55887,55889],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55885,55886],{"class":74},"empty_list ",[64,55888,92],{"class":91},[64,55890,7808],{"class":95},[64,55892,55893,55896,55898,55901,55903,55905],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55894,55895],{"class":74},"new_empty_list ",[64,55897,92],{"class":91},[64,55899,55900],{"class":74}," empty_list",[64,55902,137],{"class":95},[64,55904,141],{"class":140},[64,55906,366],{"class":95},[64,55908,55909],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55910,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55912,55913,55915,55917,55920],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55914,212],{"class":211},[64,55916,144],{"class":95},[64,55918,55919],{"class":140},"new_empty_list",[64,55921,150],{"class":95},[14,55923,2035],{},[54,55925,55926],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,55927,55928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55929,55930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55931,38254],{"class":95},[14,55933,55934],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[49,55936,55938,55939],{"id":55937},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[61,55940,92],{},[14,55942,1654,55943,14015,55945,52627],{},[61,55944,92],{},[37,55946,300],{},[14,55948,55949],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[54,55951,55953],{"className":56,"code":55952,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[61,55954,55955,55975,55984,55988,56003,56007,56017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,55956,55957,55959,55961,55963,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55958,1161],{"class":74},[64,55960,92],{"class":91},[64,55962,112],{"class":95},[64,55964,100],{"class":99},[64,55966,103],{"class":95},[64,55968,106],{"class":99},[64,55970,103],{"class":95},[64,55972,743],{"class":99},[64,55974,746],{"class":95},[64,55976,55977,55980,55982],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,55978,55979],{"class":74},"same_list ",[64,55981,92],{"class":91},[64,55983,43939],{"class":74},[64,55985,55986],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,55987,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,55989,55990,55993,55995,55997,55999,56001],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,55991,55992],{"class":74},"same_list",[64,55994,137],{"class":95},[64,55996,193],{"class":140},[64,55998,144],{"class":95},[64,56000,772],{"class":99},[64,56002,150],{"class":95},[64,56004,56005],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,56006,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56008,56009,56011,56013,56015],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,56010,212],{"class":211},[64,56012,144],{"class":95},[64,56014,3611],{"class":140},[64,56016,150],{"class":95},[64,56018,56019,56021,56023,56025],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,56020,212],{"class":211},[64,56022,144],{"class":95},[64,56024,55992],{"class":140},[64,56026,150],{"class":95},[14,56028,2035],{},[54,56030,56032],{"className":56,"code":56031,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,56033,56034,56054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56035,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56037,184],{"class":95},[64,56039,100],{"class":99},[64,56041,103],{"class":95},[64,56043,106],{"class":99},[64,56045,103],{"class":95},[64,56047,743],{"class":99},[64,56049,103],{"class":95},[64,56051,120],{"class":99},[64,56053,746],{"class":95},[64,56055,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56057,184],{"class":95},[64,56059,100],{"class":99},[64,56061,103],{"class":95},[64,56063,106],{"class":99},[64,56065,103],{"class":95},[64,56067,743],{"class":99},[64,56069,103],{"class":95},[64,56071,120],{"class":99},[64,56073,746],{"class":95},[14,56075,56076],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56078,56079,56080,1117],{},"Now compare that with ",[61,56081,12743],{},[54,56083,56085],{"className":56,"code":56084,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[61,56086,56087,56107,56122,56126,56141,56145,56155],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56088,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56090,1161],{"class":74},[64,56092,92],{"class":91},[64,56094,112],{"class":95},[64,56096,100],{"class":99},[64,56098,103],{"class":95},[64,56100,106],{"class":99},[64,56102,103],{"class":95},[64,56104,743],{"class":99},[64,56106,746],{"class":95},[64,56108,56109,56112,56114,56116,56118,56120],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56110,56111],{"class":74},"copied_numbers ",[64,56113,92],{"class":91},[64,56115,1191],{"class":74},[64,56117,137],{"class":95},[64,56119,141],{"class":140},[64,56121,366],{"class":95},[64,56123,56124],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,56125,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56127,56128,56131,56133,56135,56137,56139],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,56129,56130],{"class":74},"copied_numbers",[64,56132,137],{"class":95},[64,56134,193],{"class":140},[64,56136,144],{"class":95},[64,56138,772],{"class":99},[64,56140,150],{"class":95},[64,56142,56143],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,56144,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56146,56147,56149,56151,56153],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,56148,212],{"class":211},[64,56150,144],{"class":95},[64,56152,3611],{"class":140},[64,56154,150],{"class":95},[64,56156,56157,56159,56161,56163],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,56158,212],{"class":211},[64,56160,144],{"class":95},[64,56162,56130],{"class":140},[64,56164,150],{"class":95},[14,56166,2035],{},[54,56168,56170],{"className":56,"code":56169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,56171,56172,56188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56173,56174,56176,56178,56180,56182,56184,56186],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56175,184],{"class":95},[64,56177,100],{"class":99},[64,56179,103],{"class":95},[64,56181,106],{"class":99},[64,56183,103],{"class":95},[64,56185,743],{"class":99},[64,56187,746],{"class":95},[64,56189,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56191,184],{"class":95},[64,56193,100],{"class":99},[64,56195,103],{"class":95},[64,56197,106],{"class":99},[64,56199,103],{"class":95},[64,56201,743],{"class":99},[64,56203,103],{"class":95},[64,56205,120],{"class":99},[64,56207,746],{"class":95},[14,56209,56210,56211,137],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[543,56212,52731],{"href":50938},[49,56214,56216],{"id":56215},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56218,56219,12814,56221,137],{},[61,56220,1124],{},[37,56222,39],{},[14,56224,304],{},[21,56226,56227,56230],{},[24,56228,56229],{},"The outer list is new",[24,56231,56232],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56234,56235],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[54,56237,56239],{"className":56,"code":56238,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[61,56240,56241,56267,56281,56285,56303,56307,56317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56242,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56244,88],{"class":74},[64,56246,92],{"class":91},[64,56248,96],{"class":95},[64,56250,100],{"class":99},[64,56252,103],{"class":95},[64,56254,106],{"class":99},[64,56256,109],{"class":95},[64,56258,112],{"class":95},[64,56260,115],{"class":99},[64,56262,103],{"class":95},[64,56264,120],{"class":99},[64,56266,123],{"class":95},[64,56268,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56270,354],{"class":74},[64,56272,92],{"class":91},[64,56274,359],{"class":74},[64,56276,137],{"class":95},[64,56278,141],{"class":140},[64,56280,366],{"class":95},[64,56282,56283],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,56284,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56286,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,56288,375],{"class":74},[64,56290,184],{"class":95},[64,56292,187],{"class":99},[64,56294,190],{"class":95},[64,56296,193],{"class":140},[64,56298,144],{"class":95},[64,56300,198],{"class":99},[64,56302,150],{"class":95},[64,56304,56305],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,56306,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56308,56309,56311,56313,56315],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,56310,212],{"class":211},[64,56312,144],{"class":95},[64,56314,147],{"class":140},[64,56316,150],{"class":95},[64,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,56320,212],{"class":211},[64,56322,144],{"class":95},[64,56324,375],{"class":140},[64,56326,150],{"class":95},[14,56328,2035],{},[54,56330,56332],{"className":56,"code":56331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[61,56333,56334,56361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56335,56336,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56337,56338],{"class":95},"[[",[64,56340,100],{"class":99},[64,56342,103],{"class":95},[64,56344,106],{"class":99},[64,56346,103],{"class":95},[64,56348,10169],{"class":99},[64,56350,109],{"class":95},[64,56352,112],{"class":95},[64,56354,115],{"class":99},[64,56356,103],{"class":95},[64,56358,120],{"class":99},[64,56360,123],{"class":95},[64,56362,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56364,56338],{"class":95},[64,56366,100],{"class":99},[64,56368,103],{"class":95},[64,56370,106],{"class":99},[64,56372,103],{"class":95},[64,56374,10169],{"class":99},[64,56376,109],{"class":95},[64,56378,112],{"class":95},[64,56380,115],{"class":99},[64,56382,103],{"class":95},[64,56384,120],{"class":99},[64,56386,123],{"class":95},[14,56388,56389],{},"Why did both change?",[21,56391,56392,56399],{},[24,56393,56394,40,56396,56398],{},[61,56395,147],{},[61,56397,375],{}," are different outer lists",[24,56400,56401,56402,56404],{},"But the inner list ",[61,56403,534],{}," is the same object in both lists",[14,56406,53612,56407,56409],{},[61,56408,12743],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[21,56411,56412,56415,56418],{},[24,56413,56414],{},"Numbers",[24,56416,56417],{},"Strings",[24,56419,40553],{},[14,56421,56422,56423,137],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[543,56424,13752],{"href":1929},[49,56426,17372],{"id":17371},[14,56428,56429,56431],{},[61,56430,1124],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56433,40864,56434,56436],{},[37,56435,300],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56438,56439],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56441,16608],{},[54,56443,56445],{"className":56,"code":56444,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[61,56446,56447,56471,56485,56489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56448,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56450,13041],{"class":74},[64,56452,92],{"class":91},[64,56454,112],{"class":95},[64,56456,1419],{"class":1418},[64,56458,13058],{"class":1422},[64,56460,1419],{"class":1418},[64,56462,103],{"class":95},[64,56464,3315],{"class":1418},[64,56466,13075],{"class":1422},[64,56468,1419],{"class":1418},[64,56470,746],{"class":95},[64,56472,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481,56483],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56474,13084],{"class":74},[64,56476,92],{"class":91},[64,56478,13089],{"class":74},[64,56480,137],{"class":95},[64,56482,141],{"class":140},[64,56484,366],{"class":95},[64,56486,56487],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,56488,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56490,56491,56493,56495,56497],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,56492,212],{"class":211},[64,56494,144],{"class":95},[64,56496,13108],{"class":140},[64,56498,150],{"class":95},[14,56500,56501],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[54,56503,56505],{"className":56,"code":56504,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[61,56506,56507,56531,56541,56545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56508,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56510,13041],{"class":74},[64,56512,92],{"class":91},[64,56514,112],{"class":95},[64,56516,1419],{"class":1418},[64,56518,13058],{"class":1422},[64,56520,1419],{"class":1418},[64,56522,103],{"class":95},[64,56524,3315],{"class":1418},[64,56526,13075],{"class":1422},[64,56528,1419],{"class":1418},[64,56530,746],{"class":95},[64,56532,56533,56535,56537,56539],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56534,17456],{"class":74},[64,56536,137],{"class":95},[64,56538,141],{"class":140},[64,56540,366],{"class":95},[64,56542,56543],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,56544,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56546,56547,56549,56551,56553],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,56548,212],{"class":211},[64,56550,144],{"class":95},[64,56552,17456],{"class":140},[64,56554,150],{"class":95},[14,56556,56557,56558,56560],{},"In the second example, ",[61,56559,12743],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[49,56562,4925,56564],{"id":56563},"when-to-use-listcopy",[61,56565,1124],{},[14,56567,256,56568,10573],{},[61,56569,1124],{},[21,56571,56572,56575,56578,56581],{},[24,56573,56574],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[24,56576,56577],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[24,56579,56580],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[24,56582,56583,56584],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[61,56585,56586],{},"[:]",[14,56588,318],{},[54,56590,56592],{"className":56,"code":56591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[61,56593,56594,56614,56629,56633,56648,56652,56662],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56595,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56597,5028],{"class":74},[64,56599,92],{"class":91},[64,56601,112],{"class":95},[64,56603,1432],{"class":99},[64,56605,103],{"class":95},[64,56607,1437],{"class":99},[64,56609,103],{"class":95},[64,56611,7764],{"class":99},[64,56613,746],{"class":95},[64,56615,56616,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56617,56618],{"class":74},"backup_scores ",[64,56620,92],{"class":91},[64,56622,5075],{"class":74},[64,56624,137],{"class":95},[64,56626,141],{"class":140},[64,56628,366],{"class":95},[64,56630,56631],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,56632,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56634,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56646],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,56636,1423],{"class":74},[64,56638,137],{"class":95},[64,56640,193],{"class":140},[64,56642,144],{"class":95},[64,56644,56645],{"class":99},"40",[64,56647,150],{"class":95},[64,56649,56650],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,56651,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56653,56654,56656,56658,56660],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,56655,212],{"class":211},[64,56657,144],{"class":95},[64,56659,1423],{"class":140},[64,56661,150],{"class":95},[64,56663,56664,56666,56668,56671],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,56665,212],{"class":211},[64,56667,144],{"class":95},[64,56669,56670],{"class":140},"backup_scores",[64,56672,150],{"class":95},[14,56674,2035],{},[54,56676,56678],{"className":56,"code":56677,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[61,56679,56680,56700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56681,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694,56696,56698],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56683,184],{"class":95},[64,56685,1432],{"class":99},[64,56687,103],{"class":95},[64,56689,1437],{"class":99},[64,56691,103],{"class":95},[64,56693,7764],{"class":99},[64,56695,103],{"class":95},[64,56697,50802],{"class":99},[64,56699,746],{"class":95},[64,56701,56702,56704,56706,56708,56710,56712,56714],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56703,184],{"class":95},[64,56705,1432],{"class":99},[64,56707,103],{"class":95},[64,56709,1437],{"class":99},[64,56711,103],{"class":95},[64,56713,7764],{"class":99},[64,56715,746],{"class":95},[14,56717,56718,56719,137],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[543,56720,55477,56722,1248],{"href":56721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[61,56723,52612],{},[49,56725,4483],{"id":4482},[14,56727,56728,56729,137],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[61,56730,1124],{},[816,56732,1654,56734,1657],{"id":56733},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[61,56735,92],{},[14,56737,39156],{},[54,56739,56741],{"className":56,"code":56740,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,56742,56743,56763,56771,56785,56789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56744,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56746,1186],{"class":74},[64,56748,92],{"class":91},[64,56750,112],{"class":95},[64,56752,100],{"class":99},[64,56754,103],{"class":95},[64,56756,106],{"class":99},[64,56758,103],{"class":95},[64,56760,743],{"class":99},[64,56762,746],{"class":95},[64,56764,56765,56767,56769],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56766,1202],{"class":74},[64,56768,92],{"class":91},[64,56770,1592],{"class":74},[64,56772,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,56774,1235],{"class":74},[64,56776,137],{"class":95},[64,56778,193],{"class":140},[64,56780,144],{"class":95},[64,56782,772],{"class":99},[64,56784,150],{"class":95},[64,56786,56787],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,56788,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56790,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,56792,212],{"class":211},[64,56794,144],{"class":95},[64,56796,543],{"class":140},[64,56798,219],{"class":95},[64,56800,791],{"class":222},[14,56802,56803,56804,6598],{},"Fix: use ",[61,56805,12743],{},[54,56807,56809],{"className":56,"code":56808,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,56810,56811,56831,56846,56860,56864],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56812,56813,56815,56817,56819,56821,56823,56825,56827,56829],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56814,1186],{"class":74},[64,56816,92],{"class":91},[64,56818,112],{"class":95},[64,56820,100],{"class":99},[64,56822,103],{"class":95},[64,56824,106],{"class":99},[64,56826,103],{"class":95},[64,56828,743],{"class":99},[64,56830,746],{"class":95},[64,56832,56833,56835,56837,56840,56842,56844],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56834,1202],{"class":74},[64,56836,92],{"class":91},[64,56838,56839],{"class":74}," a",[64,56841,137],{"class":95},[64,56843,141],{"class":140},[64,56845,366],{"class":95},[64,56847,56848,56850,56852,56854,56856,56858],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,56849,1235],{"class":74},[64,56851,137],{"class":95},[64,56853,193],{"class":140},[64,56855,144],{"class":95},[64,56857,772],{"class":99},[64,56859,150],{"class":95},[64,56861,56862],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,56863,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,56865,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,56867,212],{"class":211},[64,56869,144],{"class":95},[64,56871,543],{"class":140},[64,56873,219],{"class":95},[64,56875,1226],{"class":222},[816,56877,56879],{"id":56878},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[54,56881,56883],{"className":56,"code":56882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[61,56884,56885,56905],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56886,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56888,1161],{"class":74},[64,56890,92],{"class":91},[64,56892,112],{"class":95},[64,56894,100],{"class":99},[64,56896,103],{"class":95},[64,56898,106],{"class":99},[64,56900,103],{"class":95},[64,56902,743],{"class":99},[64,56904,746],{"class":95},[64,56906,56907,56909,56911,56913],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56908,3611],{"class":74},[64,56910,137],{"class":95},[64,56912,141],{"class":140},[64,56914,366],{"class":95},[14,56916,56917],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56919,39219],{},[54,56921,56923],{"className":56,"code":56922,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[61,56924,56925,56945],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56926,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941,56943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56928,1161],{"class":74},[64,56930,92],{"class":91},[64,56932,112],{"class":95},[64,56934,100],{"class":99},[64,56936,103],{"class":95},[64,56938,106],{"class":99},[64,56940,103],{"class":95},[64,56942,743],{"class":99},[64,56944,746],{"class":95},[64,56946,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56948,56111],{"class":74},[64,56950,92],{"class":91},[64,56952,1191],{"class":74},[64,56954,137],{"class":95},[64,56956,141],{"class":140},[64,56958,366],{"class":95},[816,56960,56962],{"id":56961},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[54,56964,56966],{"className":56,"code":56965,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[61,56967,56968,56986,57000,57004,57022,57026],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,56969,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56971,1186],{"class":74},[64,56973,92],{"class":91},[64,56975,96],{"class":95},[64,56977,100],{"class":99},[64,56979,109],{"class":95},[64,56981,112],{"class":95},[64,56983,2021],{"class":99},[64,56985,123],{"class":95},[64,56987,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,56989,1202],{"class":74},[64,56991,92],{"class":91},[64,56993,56839],{"class":74},[64,56995,137],{"class":95},[64,56997,141],{"class":140},[64,56999,366],{"class":95},[64,57001,57002],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,57003,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,57005,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,57007,1235],{"class":74},[64,57009,184],{"class":95},[64,57011,187],{"class":99},[64,57013,190],{"class":95},[64,57015,193],{"class":140},[64,57017,144],{"class":95},[64,57019,198],{"class":99},[64,57021,150],{"class":95},[64,57023,57024],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,57025,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,57027,57028,57030,57032,57034,57036],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,57029,212],{"class":211},[64,57031,144],{"class":95},[64,57033,543],{"class":140},[64,57035,219],{"class":95},[64,57037,57038],{"class":222},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57040,57041,57042,57044],{},"Fix: remember that ",[61,57043,1124],{}," is shallow.",[816,57046,25571,57048,57050],{"id":57047},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[61,57049,12743],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57052,57053,57055],{},[61,57054,12743],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[54,57057,57059],{"className":56,"code":57058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[61,57060,57061,57073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57062,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57064,7846],{"class":74},[64,57066,92],{"class":91},[64,57068,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57070,4968],{"class":1422},[64,57072,3321],{"class":1418},[64,57074,57075],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,57076,57077],{"class":222},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57079,57080],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[54,57082,57084],{"className":56,"code":57083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(name))\n",[61,57085,57086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57087,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57089,212],{"class":211},[64,57091,144],{"class":95},[64,57093,1779],{"class":1778},[64,57095,144],{"class":95},[64,57097,7637],{"class":140},[64,57099,1737],{"class":95},[14,57101,57102,57103,57107],{},"You can also review ",[543,57104,57106],{"href":57105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[49,57109,1826],{"id":1825},[816,57111,12670,57113,57115],{"id":57112},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[61,57114,1124],{}," change the original list?",[14,57117,57118],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[816,57120,5145,57122,40,57124,2456],{"id":57121},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[61,57123,1124],{},[61,57125,92],{},[14,57127,57128,57130,57131,57133],{},[61,57129,12743],{}," creates a new list. ",[61,57132,92],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[816,57135,14857,57136,14860],{"id":1836},[61,57137,1124],{},[14,57139,57140],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[816,57142,57144],{"id":57143},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57146,42111,57147,57150],{},[61,57148,57149],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[816,57152,14857,57154,57156,57157,2456],{"id":57153},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[61,57155,1124],{}," the same as ",[61,57158,56586],{},[14,57160,57161],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[49,57163,1865],{"id":1864},[21,57165,57166,57170,57174,57179,57185],{},[24,57167,57168],{},[543,57169,1890],{"href":1369},[24,57171,57172],{},[543,57173,52731],{"href":50938},[24,57175,57176],{},[543,57177,57178],{"href":57105},"Creating a list in Python",[24,57180,57181],{},[543,57182,55477,57183,1248],{"href":56721},[61,57184,52612],{},[24,57186,57187],{},[543,57188,13752],{"href":1929},[1898,57190,57191],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":57193},[57194,57195,57197,57198,57200,57201,57202,57204,57212,57222],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":55666,"depth":78,"text":57196},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":55937,"depth":78,"text":57199},"Why not use =",{"id":56215,"depth":78,"text":56216},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":56563,"depth":78,"text":57203},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":57205},[57206,57208,57209,57210],{"id":56733,"depth":85,"text":57207},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56878,"depth":85,"text":56879},{"id":56961,"depth":85,"text":56962},{"id":57047,"depth":85,"text":57211},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":57213},[57214,57216,57218,57219,57220],{"id":57112,"depth":85,"text":57215},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57121,"depth":85,"text":57217},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":1836,"depth":85,"text":1837},{"id":57143,"depth":85,"text":57144},{"id":57153,"depth":85,"text":57221},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55546,"description":57223},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57230,"title":57231,"body":57232,"description":58973,"extension":1927,"meta":58974,"navigation":81,"path":58975,"seo":58976,"stem":58977,"__hash__":58978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57233,"toc":58932},[57234,57240,57246,57249,57260,57263,57265,57328,57334,57339,57343,57357,57360,57365,57370,57372,57374,57393,57405,57407,57474,57476,57484,57489,57491,57499,57502,57519,57521,57645,57656,57660,57665,57668,57670,57688,57692,57778,57787,57795,57864,57866,57869,57881,57886,57890,57961,57964,57968,57972,58037,58039,58047,58051,58134,58136,58144,58148,58209,58211,58219,58223,58310,58312,58320,58325,58330,58333,58344,58346,58431,58436,58444,58446,58450,58454,58459,58521,58525,58533,58539,58548,58553,58602,58605,58626,58630,58692,58699,58704,58707,58794,58797,58808,58811,58831,58833,58839,58842,58846,58850,58856,58859,58865,58872,58880,58891,58893,58929],[10,57235,54301,57237,11295],{"id":57236},"python-list-count-method",[61,57238,57239],{},"count()",[14,57241,57242,57245],{},[61,57243,57244],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57247,57248],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[21,57250,57251,57254,57257],{},[24,57252,57253],{},"count one specific item",[24,57255,57256],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[24,57258,57259],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57261,57262],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[49,57264,3572],{"id":3571},[54,57266,57268],{"className":56,"code":57267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[61,57269,57270,57298,57316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57271,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57273,1161],{"class":74},[64,57275,92],{"class":91},[64,57277,112],{"class":95},[64,57279,100],{"class":99},[64,57281,103],{"class":95},[64,57283,106],{"class":99},[64,57285,103],{"class":95},[64,57287,106],{"class":99},[64,57289,103],{"class":95},[64,57291,743],{"class":99},[64,57293,103],{"class":95},[64,57295,106],{"class":99},[64,57297,746],{"class":95},[64,57299,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,57301,2194],{"class":74},[64,57303,92],{"class":91},[64,57305,1191],{"class":74},[64,57307,137],{"class":95},[64,57309,41218],{"class":140},[64,57311,144],{"class":95},[64,57313,2021],{"class":99},[64,57315,150],{"class":95},[64,57317,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,57319,212],{"class":211},[64,57321,144],{"class":95},[64,57323,2229],{"class":140},[64,57325,219],{"class":95},[64,57327,50729],{"class":222},[14,57329,256,57330,57333],{},[61,57331,57332],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[49,57335,3639,57337,3642],{"id":57336},"what-listcount-does",[61,57338,57244],{},[14,57340,57341,1117],{},[61,57342,57244],{},[21,57344,57345,57348,57351,57354],{},[24,57346,57347],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[24,57349,57350],{},"returns an integer",[24,57352,57353],{},"does not change the original list",[24,57355,57356],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57358,57359],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57361,57362,57363,137],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[61,57364,115],{},[14,57366,57367,57368,137],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[61,57369,187],{},[49,57371,2120],{"id":2119},[14,57373,2123],{},[54,57375,57377],{"className":56,"code":57376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.count(value)\n",[61,57378,57379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57380,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57382,8309],{"class":74},[64,57384,137],{"class":95},[64,57386,41218],{"class":140},[64,57388,144],{"class":95},[64,57390,2436],{"class":140},[64,57392,150],{"class":95},[21,57394,57395,57400],{},[24,57396,57397,57399],{},[61,57398,8309],{}," is the list you want to search",[24,57401,57402,57404],{},[61,57403,2436],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57406,318],{},[54,57408,57410],{"className":56,"code":57409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[61,57411,57412,57452],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57413,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57415,36048],{"class":74},[64,57417,92],{"class":91},[64,57419,112],{"class":95},[64,57421,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57423,543],{"class":1422},[64,57425,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57427,103],{"class":95},[64,57429,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57431,1235],{"class":1422},[64,57433,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57435,103],{"class":95},[64,57437,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57439,543],{"class":1422},[64,57441,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57443,103],{"class":95},[64,57445,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57447,9711],{"class":1422},[64,57449,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57451,746],{"class":95},[64,57453,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470,57472],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,57455,212],{"class":211},[64,57457,144],{"class":95},[64,57459,36101],{"class":140},[64,57461,137],{"class":95},[64,57463,41218],{"class":140},[64,57465,144],{"class":95},[64,57467,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57469,543],{"class":1422},[64,57471,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57473,1737],{"class":95},[14,57475,2035],{},[54,57477,57478],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,57479,57480],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57481,57482],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57483,17009],{"class":99},[14,57485,57486,57487,137],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[61,57488,187],{},[49,57490,37977],{"id":37976},[14,57492,57493,57494,57496,57497,137],{},"The return value from ",[61,57495,57239],{}," is always an ",[61,57498,2152],{},[14,57500,57501],{},"Possible results:",[21,57503,57504,57509,57514],{},[24,57505,57506,57508],{},[61,57507,187],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[24,57510,57511,57513],{},[61,57512,100],{}," if it appears once",[24,57515,57516,57518],{},[61,57517,2021],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57520,318],{},[54,57522,57524],{"className":56,"code":57523,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[61,57525,57526,57566,57570,57595,57620],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57527,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57529,13041],{"class":74},[64,57531,92],{"class":91},[64,57533,112],{"class":95},[64,57535,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57537,13058],{"class":1422},[64,57539,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57541,103],{"class":95},[64,57543,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57545,13075],{"class":1422},[64,57547,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57549,103],{"class":95},[64,57551,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57553,17409],{"class":1422},[64,57555,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57557,103],{"class":95},[64,57559,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57561,13075],{"class":1422},[64,57563,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57565,746],{"class":95},[64,57567,57568],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,57569,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,57571,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,57573,212],{"class":211},[64,57575,144],{"class":95},[64,57577,17456],{"class":140},[64,57579,137],{"class":95},[64,57581,41218],{"class":140},[64,57583,144],{"class":95},[64,57585,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57587,13075],{"class":1422},[64,57589,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57591,5328],{"class":95},[64,57593,57594],{"class":222},"   # 2\n",[64,57596,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,57598,212],{"class":211},[64,57600,144],{"class":95},[64,57602,17456],{"class":140},[64,57604,137],{"class":95},[64,57606,41218],{"class":140},[64,57608,144],{"class":95},[64,57610,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57612,13058],{"class":1422},[64,57614,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57616,5328],{"class":95},[64,57618,57619],{"class":222},"    # 1\n",[64,57621,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,57623,212],{"class":211},[64,57625,144],{"class":95},[64,57627,17456],{"class":140},[64,57629,137],{"class":95},[64,57631,41218],{"class":140},[64,57633,144],{"class":95},[64,57635,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57637,22477],{"class":1422},[64,57639,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57641,5328],{"class":95},[64,57643,57644],{"class":222}," # 0\n",[14,57646,57647,57648,57650,57651,57653,57654,137],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[61,57649,57239],{}," works, but using ",[61,57652,3847],{}," is often simpler. See ",[543,57655,6167],{"href":6166},[49,57657,57659],{"id":57658},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57661,57662,57664],{},[61,57663,57244],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57666,57667],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57669,43609],{},[21,57671,57672,57675,57678,57685],{},[24,57673,57674],{},"matches are based on equality",[24,57676,57677],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[24,57679,57680,40,57682,57684],{},[61,57681,100],{},[61,57683,3567],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[24,57686,57687],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[816,57689,57691],{"id":57690},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[54,57693,57695],{"className":56,"code":57694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[61,57696,57697,57730,57754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57698,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57700,4034],{"class":74},[64,57702,92],{"class":91},[64,57704,112],{"class":95},[64,57706,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57708,4043],{"class":1422},[64,57710,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57712,103],{"class":95},[64,57714,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57716,57717],{"class":1422},"Apple",[64,57719,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57721,103],{"class":95},[64,57723,3315],{"class":1418},[64,57725,4043],{"class":1422},[64,57727,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57729,746],{"class":95},[64,57731,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,57733,212],{"class":211},[64,57735,144],{"class":95},[64,57737,4078],{"class":140},[64,57739,137],{"class":95},[64,57741,41218],{"class":140},[64,57743,144],{"class":95},[64,57745,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57747,4043],{"class":1422},[64,57749,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57751,5328],{"class":95},[64,57753,51374],{"class":222},[64,57755,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,57757,212],{"class":211},[64,57759,144],{"class":95},[64,57761,4078],{"class":140},[64,57763,137],{"class":95},[64,57765,41218],{"class":140},[64,57767,144],{"class":95},[64,57769,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57771,57717],{"class":1422},[64,57773,1419],{"class":1418},[64,57775,5328],{"class":95},[64,57777,27733],{"class":222},[14,57779,57780,40,57783,57786],{},[61,57781,57782],{},"\"apple\"",[61,57784,57785],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[816,57788,57790,40,57792,57794],{"id":57789},"_1-and-true-can-match",[61,57791,100],{},[61,57793,3567],{}," can match",[54,57796,57798],{"className":56,"code":57797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[61,57799,57800,57824,57844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57801,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57803,3786],{"class":74},[64,57805,92],{"class":91},[64,57807,112],{"class":95},[64,57809,100],{"class":99},[64,57811,103],{"class":95},[64,57813,3879],{"class":3816},[64,57815,103],{"class":95},[64,57817,106],{"class":99},[64,57819,103],{"class":95},[64,57821,5465],{"class":99},[64,57823,746],{"class":95},[64,57825,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,57827,212],{"class":211},[64,57829,144],{"class":95},[64,57831,5325],{"class":140},[64,57833,137],{"class":95},[64,57835,41218],{"class":140},[64,57837,144],{"class":95},[64,57839,100],{"class":99},[64,57841,5328],{"class":95},[64,57843,50877],{"class":222},[64,57845,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,57847,212],{"class":211},[64,57849,144],{"class":95},[64,57851,5325],{"class":140},[64,57853,137],{"class":95},[64,57855,41218],{"class":140},[64,57857,144],{"class":95},[64,57859,3567],{"class":3816},[64,57861,5328],{"class":95},[64,57863,50729],{"class":222},[14,57865,4374],{},[14,57867,57868],{},"In Python:",[21,57870,57871,57876],{},[24,57872,57873],{},[61,57874,57875],{},"True == 1",[24,57877,57878],{},[61,57879,57880],{},"False == 0",[14,57882,53612,57883,57885],{},[61,57884,57239],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[816,57887,57889],{"id":57888},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[54,57891,57893],{"className":56,"code":57892,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[61,57894,57895,57937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57896,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57898,7749],{"class":74},[64,57900,92],{"class":91},[64,57902,96],{"class":95},[64,57904,100],{"class":99},[64,57906,103],{"class":95},[64,57908,106],{"class":99},[64,57910,109],{"class":95},[64,57912,112],{"class":95},[64,57914,115],{"class":99},[64,57916,103],{"class":95},[64,57918,120],{"class":99},[64,57920,109],{"class":95},[64,57922,112],{"class":95},[64,57924,100],{"class":99},[64,57926,103],{"class":95},[64,57928,106],{"class":99},[64,57930,109],{"class":95},[64,57932,112],{"class":95},[64,57934,100],{"class":99},[64,57936,123],{"class":95},[64,57938,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,57940,212],{"class":211},[64,57942,144],{"class":95},[64,57944,7779],{"class":140},[64,57946,137],{"class":95},[64,57948,41218],{"class":140},[64,57950,382],{"class":95},[64,57952,100],{"class":99},[64,57954,103],{"class":95},[64,57956,106],{"class":99},[64,57958,4699],{"class":95},[64,57960,51374],{"class":222},[14,57962,57963],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[49,57965,57967],{"id":57966},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[816,57969,57971],{"id":57970},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[54,57973,57975],{"className":56,"code":57974,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,57976,57977,58005,58023,58027],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,57978,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57980,1161],{"class":74},[64,57982,92],{"class":91},[64,57984,112],{"class":95},[64,57986,1432],{"class":99},[64,57988,103],{"class":95},[64,57990,1437],{"class":99},[64,57992,103],{"class":95},[64,57994,5973],{"class":99},[64,57996,103],{"class":95},[64,57998,7764],{"class":99},[64,58000,103],{"class":95},[64,58002,5973],{"class":99},[64,58004,746],{"class":95},[64,58006,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58008,2194],{"class":74},[64,58010,92],{"class":91},[64,58012,1191],{"class":74},[64,58014,137],{"class":95},[64,58016,41218],{"class":140},[64,58018,144],{"class":95},[64,58020,1432],{"class":99},[64,58022,150],{"class":95},[64,58024,58025],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,58026,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,58028,58029,58031,58033,58035],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,58030,212],{"class":211},[64,58032,144],{"class":95},[64,58034,2229],{"class":140},[64,58036,150],{"class":95},[14,58038,2035],{},[54,58040,58041],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,58042,58043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58044,58045],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58046,46575],{"class":99},[816,58048,58050],{"id":58049},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[54,58052,58054],{"className":56,"code":58053,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,58055,58056,58098,58120,58124],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58057,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58094,58096],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58059,4034],{"class":74},[64,58061,92],{"class":91},[64,58063,112],{"class":95},[64,58065,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58067,37004],{"class":1422},[64,58069,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58071,103],{"class":95},[64,58073,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58075,58076],{"class":1422},"dog",[64,58078,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58080,103],{"class":95},[64,58082,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58084,37004],{"class":1422},[64,58086,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58088,103],{"class":95},[64,58090,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58092,58093],{"class":1422},"bird",[64,58095,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58097,746],{"class":95},[64,58099,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58101,2194],{"class":74},[64,58103,92],{"class":91},[64,58105,6137],{"class":74},[64,58107,137],{"class":95},[64,58109,41218],{"class":140},[64,58111,144],{"class":95},[64,58113,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58115,37004],{"class":1422},[64,58117,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58119,150],{"class":95},[64,58121,58122],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,58123,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,58125,58126,58128,58130,58132],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,58127,212],{"class":211},[64,58129,144],{"class":95},[64,58131,2229],{"class":140},[64,58133,150],{"class":95},[14,58135,2035],{},[54,58137,58138],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,58139,58140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58141,58142],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58143,17009],{"class":99},[816,58145,58147],{"id":58146},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[54,58149,58151],{"className":56,"code":58150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,58152,58153,58177,58195,58199],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58154,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58156,1161],{"class":74},[64,58158,92],{"class":91},[64,58160,112],{"class":95},[64,58162,100],{"class":99},[64,58164,103],{"class":95},[64,58166,106],{"class":99},[64,58168,103],{"class":95},[64,58170,743],{"class":99},[64,58172,103],{"class":95},[64,58174,120],{"class":99},[64,58176,746],{"class":95},[64,58178,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58180,2194],{"class":74},[64,58182,92],{"class":91},[64,58184,1191],{"class":74},[64,58186,137],{"class":95},[64,58188,41218],{"class":140},[64,58190,144],{"class":95},[64,58192,385],{"class":99},[64,58194,150],{"class":95},[64,58196,58197],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,58198,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,58200,58201,58203,58205,58207],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,58202,212],{"class":211},[64,58204,144],{"class":95},[64,58206,2229],{"class":140},[64,58208,150],{"class":95},[14,58210,2035],{},[54,58212,58213],{"className":56,"code":47210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,58214,58215],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58216,58217],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58218,47210],{"class":99},[816,58220,58222],{"id":58221},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[54,58224,58226],{"className":56,"code":58225,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,58227,58228,58274,58296,58300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58229,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58231,9137],{"class":74},[64,58233,92],{"class":91},[64,58235,96],{"class":95},[64,58237,100],{"class":99},[64,58239,103],{"class":95},[64,58241,106],{"class":99},[64,58243,109],{"class":95},[64,58245,112],{"class":95},[64,58247,100],{"class":99},[64,58249,103],{"class":95},[64,58251,106],{"class":99},[64,58253,109],{"class":95},[64,58255,112],{"class":95},[64,58257,2021],{"class":99},[64,58259,103],{"class":95},[64,58261,743],{"class":99},[64,58263,109],{"class":95},[64,58265,112],{"class":95},[64,58267,100],{"class":99},[64,58269,103],{"class":95},[64,58271,106],{"class":99},[64,58273,123],{"class":95},[64,58275,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58277,2194],{"class":74},[64,58279,92],{"class":91},[64,58281,14523],{"class":74},[64,58283,137],{"class":95},[64,58285,41218],{"class":140},[64,58287,382],{"class":95},[64,58289,100],{"class":99},[64,58291,103],{"class":95},[64,58293,106],{"class":99},[64,58295,393],{"class":95},[64,58297,58298],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,58299,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,58301,58302,58304,58306,58308],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,58303,212],{"class":211},[64,58305,144],{"class":95},[64,58307,2229],{"class":140},[64,58309,150],{"class":95},[14,58311,2035],{},[54,58313,58314],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,58315,58316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58317,58318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58319,46575],{"class":99},[49,58321,4925,58323],{"id":58322},"when-to-use-count",[61,58324,57239],{},[14,58326,256,58327,58329],{},[61,58328,57239],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58331,58332],{},"Good use cases:",[21,58334,58335,58338,58341],{},[24,58336,58337],{},"counting one specific item",[24,58339,58340],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[24,58342,58343],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58345,318],{},[54,58347,58349],{"className":56,"code":58348,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[61,58350,58351,58392,58416,58420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58352,58353,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388,58390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58354,58355],{"class":74},"votes ",[64,58357,92],{"class":91},[64,58359,112],{"class":95},[64,58361,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58363,8628],{"class":1422},[64,58365,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58367,103],{"class":95},[64,58369,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58371,8568],{"class":1422},[64,58373,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58375,103],{"class":95},[64,58377,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58379,8628],{"class":1422},[64,58381,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58383,103],{"class":95},[64,58385,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58387,8628],{"class":1422},[64,58389,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58391,746],{"class":95},[64,58393,58394,58397,58399,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58414],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58395,58396],{"class":74},"yes_votes ",[64,58398,92],{"class":91},[64,58400,58401],{"class":74}," votes",[64,58403,137],{"class":95},[64,58405,41218],{"class":140},[64,58407,144],{"class":95},[64,58409,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58411,8628],{"class":1422},[64,58413,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58415,150],{"class":95},[64,58417,58418],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,58419,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,58421,58422,58424,58426,58429],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,58423,212],{"class":211},[64,58425,144],{"class":95},[64,58427,58428],{"class":140},"yes_votes",[64,58430,150],{"class":95},[14,58432,58433,58435],{},[61,58434,57239],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58437,58438,58439,40,58441,137],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[543,58440,52731],{"href":50938},[543,58442,58443],{"href":1895},"what is a list in Python",[49,58445,1646],{"id":1645},[14,58447,8417,58448,137],{},[61,58449,57244],{},[816,58451,58453],{"id":58452},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58455,58456,58458],{},[61,58457,57244],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[54,58460,58462],{"className":56,"code":58461,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[61,58463,58464,58497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58465,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58467,4034],{"class":74},[64,58469,92],{"class":91},[64,58471,112],{"class":95},[64,58473,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58475,58476],{"class":1422},"apple pie",[64,58478,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58480,103],{"class":95},[64,58482,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58484,4052],{"class":1422},[64,58486,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58488,103],{"class":95},[64,58490,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58492,58476],{"class":1422},[64,58494,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58496,746],{"class":95},[64,58498,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58500,212],{"class":211},[64,58502,144],{"class":95},[64,58504,4078],{"class":140},[64,58506,137],{"class":95},[64,58508,41218],{"class":140},[64,58510,144],{"class":95},[64,58512,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58514,4043],{"class":1422},[64,58516,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58518,5328],{"class":95},[64,58520,51206],{"class":222},[14,58522,2452,58523,2456],{},[61,58524,187],{},[14,58526,29015,58527,58529,58530,137],{},[61,58528,57782],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[61,58531,58532],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58534,58535,58536,137],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[61,58537,58538],{},"str.count()",[816,58540,8423,58542,8426,58544,2839,58546],{"id":58541},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[61,58543,57239],{},[61,58545,3567],{},[61,58547,3635],{},[14,58549,58550,58552],{},[61,58551,57239],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[54,58554,58556],{"className":56,"code":58555,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[61,58557,58558,58582],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58559,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58561,1161],{"class":74},[64,58563,92],{"class":91},[64,58565,112],{"class":95},[64,58567,100],{"class":99},[64,58569,103],{"class":95},[64,58571,106],{"class":99},[64,58573,103],{"class":95},[64,58575,106],{"class":99},[64,58577,103],{"class":95},[64,58579,743],{"class":99},[64,58581,746],{"class":95},[64,58583,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58585,212],{"class":211},[64,58587,144],{"class":95},[64,58589,3611],{"class":140},[64,58591,137],{"class":95},[64,58593,41218],{"class":140},[64,58595,144],{"class":95},[64,58597,2021],{"class":99},[64,58599,5328],{"class":95},[64,58601,51374],{"class":222},[14,58603,58604],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[54,58606,58608],{"className":56,"code":58607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[61,58609,58610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58611,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58613,212],{"class":211},[64,58615,144],{"class":95},[64,58617,2021],{"class":99},[64,58619,21127],{"class":70},[64,58621,1191],{"class":140},[64,58623,219],{"class":95},[64,58625,885],{"class":222},[816,58627,58629],{"id":58628},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[54,58631,58633],{"className":56,"code":58632,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[61,58634,58635,58668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58636,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58664,58666],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58638,4959],{"class":74},[64,58640,92],{"class":91},[64,58642,112],{"class":95},[64,58644,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58646,7646],{"class":1422},[64,58648,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58650,103],{"class":95},[64,58652,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58654,20172],{"class":1422},[64,58656,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58658,103],{"class":95},[64,58660,3315],{"class":1418},[64,58662,58663],{"class":1422},"SAM",[64,58665,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58667,746],{"class":95},[64,58669,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58671,212],{"class":211},[64,58673,144],{"class":95},[64,58675,5003],{"class":140},[64,58677,137],{"class":95},[64,58679,41218],{"class":140},[64,58681,144],{"class":95},[64,58683,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58685,20172],{"class":1422},[64,58687,1419],{"class":1418},[64,58689,5328],{"class":95},[64,58691,27733],{"class":222},[14,58693,58694,58695,58698],{},"Only the exact string ",[61,58696,58697],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[816,58700,29604,58702,33505],{"id":58701},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[61,58703,57239],{},[14,58705,58706],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[54,58708,58710],{"className":56,"code":58709,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[61,58711,58712,58722,58736,58754,58768,58780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58713,58714,58716,58718,58720],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58715,212],{"class":211},[64,58717,144],{"class":95},[64,58719,8309],{"class":140},[64,58721,150],{"class":95},[64,58723,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732,58734],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,58725,212],{"class":211},[64,58727,144],{"class":95},[64,58729,1779],{"class":1778},[64,58731,144],{"class":95},[64,58733,8309],{"class":140},[64,58735,1737],{"class":95},[64,58737,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,58739,212],{"class":211},[64,58741,144],{"class":95},[64,58743,8309],{"class":140},[64,58745,137],{"class":95},[64,58747,41218],{"class":140},[64,58749,144],{"class":95},[64,58751,2436],{"class":140},[64,58753,1737],{"class":95},[64,58755,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,58757,212],{"class":211},[64,58759,144],{"class":95},[64,58761,2411],{"class":140},[64,58763,3847],{"class":70},[64,58765,8366],{"class":140},[64,58767,150],{"class":95},[64,58769,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,58771,5926],{"class":70},[64,58773,5929],{"class":74},[64,58775,3847],{"class":70},[64,58777,8366],{"class":74},[64,58779,6363],{"class":95},[64,58781,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,58783,8039],{"class":211},[64,58785,144],{"class":95},[64,58787,41738],{"class":211},[64,58789,144],{"class":95},[64,58791,23264],{"class":140},[64,58793,1737],{"class":95},[14,58795,58796],{},"These checks can help you see:",[21,58798,58799,58802,58805],{},[24,58800,58801],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[24,58803,58804],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[24,58806,58807],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58809,58810],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[21,58812,58813,58818,58821,58828],{},[24,58814,50450,58815,58817],{},[61,58816,57239],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[24,58819,58820],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[24,58822,11079,58823,58825,58826],{},[61,58824,57244],{}," with string ",[61,58827,57239],{},[24,58829,58830],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[49,58832,1826],{"id":1825},[816,58834,12670,58836,58838],{"id":58835},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[61,58837,57244],{}," change the list?",[14,58840,58841],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[816,58843,58845],{"id":58844},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58847,11885,58848,137],{},[61,58849,187],{},[816,58851,5135,58853,58855],{"id":58852},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[61,58854,57244],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58857,58858],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[816,58860,14857,58862,58864],{"id":58861},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[61,58863,57244],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58866,42111,58867,40,58869,58871],{},[61,58868,57785],{},[61,58870,57782],{}," are different values.",[816,58873,5123,58875,58877,58878,2456],{"id":58874},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[61,58876,3567],{}," sometimes count like ",[61,58879,100],{},[14,58881,8756,58882,58884,58885,40,58887,58884,58889,137],{},[61,58883,3567],{}," compares equal to ",[61,58886,100],{},[61,58888,3635],{},[61,58890,187],{},[49,58892,1865],{"id":1864},[21,58894,58895,58899,58905,58909,58917,58924],{},[24,58896,58897],{},[543,58898,52731],{"href":50938},[24,58900,58901],{},[543,58902,58904],{"href":58903},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[24,58906,58907],{},[543,58908,6903],{"href":6166},[24,58910,58911],{},[543,58912,55477,58914,1248],{"href":58913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[61,58915,58916],{},"index()",[24,58918,58919],{},[543,58920,1877,58922],{"href":58921},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[61,58923,42320],{},[24,58925,58926],{},[543,58927,58928],{"href":1895},"What is a list in Python",[1898,58930,58931],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":58933},[58934,58935,58937,58938,58939,58945,58951,58953,58961,58972],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":57336,"depth":78,"text":58936},"What list.count() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":37976,"depth":78,"text":37977},{"id":57658,"depth":78,"text":57659,"children":58940},[58941,58942,58944],{"id":57690,"depth":85,"text":57691},{"id":57789,"depth":85,"text":58943},"1 and True can match",{"id":57888,"depth":85,"text":57889},{"id":57966,"depth":78,"text":57967,"children":58946},[58947,58948,58949,58950],{"id":57970,"depth":85,"text":57971},{"id":58049,"depth":85,"text":58050},{"id":58146,"depth":85,"text":58147},{"id":58221,"depth":85,"text":58222},{"id":58322,"depth":78,"text":58952},"When to use count()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":58954},[58955,58956,58958,58959],{"id":58452,"depth":85,"text":58453},{"id":58541,"depth":85,"text":58957},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58628,"depth":85,"text":58629},{"id":58701,"depth":85,"text":58960},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":58962},[58963,58965,58966,58968,58970],{"id":58835,"depth":85,"text":58964},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58844,"depth":85,"text":58845},{"id":58852,"depth":85,"text":58967},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58861,"depth":85,"text":58969},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58874,"depth":85,"text":58971},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57231,"description":58973},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58980,"title":58981,"body":58982,"description":60945,"extension":1927,"meta":60946,"navigation":81,"path":60947,"seo":60948,"stem":60949,"__hash__":60950},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58983,"toc":60908},[58984,58987,58990,58992,59120,59124,59205,59216,59218,59237,59241,59244,59247,59265,59267,59310,59314,59339,59348,59352,59357,59360,59477,59481,59550,59554,59566,59570,59573,59614,59618,59631,59634,59719,59723,59756,59763,59769,59774,59776,59788,59792,59825,59829,59861,59865,59902,59906,59926,59930,59964,59968,59997,60008,60012,60015,60018,60031,60088,60092,60131,60137,60140,60142,60145,60149,60152,60177,60179,60204,60211,60214,60259,60263,60282,60285,60324,60331,60336,60370,60374,60475,60482,60515,60519,60545,60549,60552,60590,60593,60630,60634,60637,60656,60660,60721,60723,60741,60745,60748,60751,60780,60782,60786,60789,60797,60801,60804,60824,60830,60836,60840,60843,60850,60858,60860,60899,60905],[10,58985,58981],{"id":58986},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58988,58989],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[49,58991,3572],{"id":3571},[54,58993,58995],{"className":56,"code":58994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[61,58996,58997,59017,59049,59057,59075,59079,59089,59099,59110],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,58998,58999,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59000,1161],{"class":74},[64,59002,92],{"class":91},[64,59004,112],{"class":95},[64,59006,100],{"class":99},[64,59008,103],{"class":95},[64,59010,106],{"class":99},[64,59012,103],{"class":95},[64,59014,743],{"class":99},[64,59016,746],{"class":95},[64,59018,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59020,4959],{"class":74},[64,59022,92],{"class":91},[64,59024,112],{"class":95},[64,59026,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59028,12846],{"class":1422},[64,59030,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59032,103],{"class":95},[64,59034,3315],{"class":1418},[64,59036,35898],{"class":1422},[64,59038,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59040,103],{"class":95},[64,59042,3315],{"class":1418},[64,59044,35907],{"class":1422},[64,59046,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59048,746],{"class":95},[64,59050,59051,59053,59055],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,59052,55886],{"class":74},[64,59054,92],{"class":91},[64,59056,7808],{"class":95},[64,59058,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,59060,36048],{"class":74},[64,59062,92],{"class":91},[64,59064,22513],{"class":1778},[64,59066,144],{"class":95},[64,59068,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59070,41519],{"class":1422},[64,59072,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59074,150],{"class":95},[64,59076,59077],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,59078,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,59080,59081,59083,59085,59087],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,59082,212],{"class":211},[64,59084,144],{"class":95},[64,59086,3611],{"class":140},[64,59088,150],{"class":95},[64,59090,59091,59093,59095,59097],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,59092,212],{"class":211},[64,59094,144],{"class":95},[64,59096,5003],{"class":140},[64,59098,150],{"class":95},[64,59100,59101,59103,59105,59108],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,59102,212],{"class":211},[64,59104,144],{"class":95},[64,59106,59107],{"class":140},"empty_list",[64,59109,150],{"class":95},[64,59111,59112,59114,59116,59118],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,59113,212],{"class":211},[64,59115,144],{"class":95},[64,59117,36101],{"class":140},[64,59119,150],{"class":95},[14,59121,59122],{},[37,59123,2035],{},[54,59125,59127],{"className":56,"code":59126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[61,59128,59129,59145,59173,59177],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59130,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141,59143],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59132,184],{"class":95},[64,59134,100],{"class":99},[64,59136,103],{"class":95},[64,59138,106],{"class":99},[64,59140,103],{"class":95},[64,59142,743],{"class":99},[64,59144,746],{"class":95},[64,59146,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59148,184],{"class":95},[64,59150,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59152,12846],{"class":1422},[64,59154,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59156,103],{"class":95},[64,59158,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59160,35898],{"class":1422},[64,59162,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59164,103],{"class":95},[64,59166,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59168,35907],{"class":1422},[64,59170,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59172,746],{"class":95},[64,59174,59175],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,59176,38254],{"class":95},[64,59178,59179,59181,59183,59185,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,59180,184],{"class":95},[64,59182,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59184,543],{"class":1422},[64,59186,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59188,103],{"class":95},[64,59190,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59192,1235],{"class":1422},[64,59194,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59196,103],{"class":95},[64,59198,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59200,9711],{"class":1422},[64,59202,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59204,746],{"class":95},[14,59206,59207,59208,59210,59211,59213,59214,137],{},"Use square brackets ",[61,59209,3750],{}," for most lists. Use ",[61,59212,24735],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[61,59215,36155],{},[49,59217,15116],{"id":15115},[21,59219,59220,59223,59226,59229,59234],{},[24,59221,59222],{},"What a list is in Python",[24,59224,59225],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[24,59227,59228],{},"How to create an empty list",[24,59230,59231,59232,2267],{},"How to create a list with the ",[61,59233,24735],{},[24,59235,59236],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[49,59238,59240],{"id":59239},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59242,59243],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59245,59246],{},"This means:",[21,59248,59249,59252,59255,59258],{},[24,59250,59251],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[24,59253,59254],{},"The order of items is kept",[24,59256,59257],{},"A list can hold different data types",[24,59259,59260,59261,59264],{},"A list is ",[37,59262,59263],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59266,318],{},[54,59268,59270],{"className":56,"code":59269,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,59271,59272,59296,59300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59273,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59275,7749],{"class":74},[64,59277,92],{"class":91},[64,59279,112],{"class":95},[64,59281,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59283,4043],{"class":1422},[64,59285,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59287,103],{"class":95},[64,59289,5973],{"class":99},[64,59291,103],{"class":95},[64,59293,3879],{"class":3816},[64,59295,746],{"class":95},[64,59297,59298],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59299,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,59301,59302,59304,59306,59308],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,59303,212],{"class":211},[64,59305,144],{"class":95},[64,59307,7779],{"class":140},[64,59309,150],{"class":95},[14,59311,59312],{},[37,59313,2035],{},[54,59315,59317],{"className":56,"code":59316,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[61,59318,59319],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59320,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335,59337],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59322,184],{"class":95},[64,59324,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59326,4043],{"class":1422},[64,59328,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59330,103],{"class":95},[64,59332,5973],{"class":99},[64,59334,103],{"class":95},[64,59336,3879],{"class":3816},[64,59338,746],{"class":95},[14,59340,59341,59342,2839,59345,137],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[543,59343,59344],{"href":50938},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[543,59346,59347],{"href":1895},"What is a List in Python?",[49,59349,59351],{"id":59350},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59353,59207,59354,59356],{},[61,59355,3750],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59358,59359],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[54,59361,59363],{"className":56,"code":59362,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[61,59364,59365,59385,59417,59442,59446,59456,59466],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59368,1161],{"class":74},[64,59370,92],{"class":91},[64,59372,112],{"class":95},[64,59374,100],{"class":99},[64,59376,103],{"class":95},[64,59378,106],{"class":99},[64,59380,103],{"class":95},[64,59382,743],{"class":99},[64,59384,746],{"class":95},[64,59386,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59388,4959],{"class":74},[64,59390,92],{"class":91},[64,59392,112],{"class":95},[64,59394,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59396,12846],{"class":1422},[64,59398,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59400,103],{"class":95},[64,59402,3315],{"class":1418},[64,59404,35898],{"class":1422},[64,59406,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59408,103],{"class":95},[64,59410,3315],{"class":1418},[64,59412,35907],{"class":1422},[64,59414,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59416,746],{"class":95},[64,59418,59419,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,59420,59421],{"class":74},"mixed ",[64,59423,92],{"class":91},[64,59425,112],{"class":95},[64,59427,1432],{"class":99},[64,59429,103],{"class":95},[64,59431,3315],{"class":1418},[64,59433,3809],{"class":1422},[64,59435,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59437,103],{"class":95},[64,59439,3870],{"class":3816},[64,59441,746],{"class":95},[64,59443,59444],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,59445,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,59449,212],{"class":211},[64,59451,144],{"class":95},[64,59453,3611],{"class":140},[64,59455,150],{"class":95},[64,59457,59458,59460,59462,59464],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,59459,212],{"class":211},[64,59461,144],{"class":95},[64,59463,5003],{"class":140},[64,59465,150],{"class":95},[64,59467,59468,59470,59472,59475],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,59469,212],{"class":211},[64,59471,144],{"class":95},[64,59473,59474],{"class":140},"mixed",[64,59476,150],{"class":95},[14,59478,59479],{},[37,59480,2035],{},[54,59482,59484],{"className":56,"code":59483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[61,59485,59486,59502,59530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59487,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59489,184],{"class":95},[64,59491,100],{"class":99},[64,59493,103],{"class":95},[64,59495,106],{"class":99},[64,59497,103],{"class":95},[64,59499,743],{"class":99},[64,59501,746],{"class":95},[64,59503,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59505,184],{"class":95},[64,59507,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59509,12846],{"class":1422},[64,59511,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59513,103],{"class":95},[64,59515,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59517,35898],{"class":1422},[64,59519,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59521,103],{"class":95},[64,59523,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59525,35907],{"class":1422},[64,59527,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59529,746],{"class":95},[64,59531,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,59533,184],{"class":95},[64,59535,1432],{"class":99},[64,59537,103],{"class":95},[64,59539,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59541,3809],{"class":1422},[64,59543,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59545,103],{"class":95},[64,59547,3870],{"class":3816},[64,59549,746],{"class":95},[816,59551,59553],{"id":59552},"key-points","Key points",[21,59555,59556,59561,59563],{},[24,59557,256,59558,59560],{},[61,59559,3750],{}," to make a new list",[24,59562,15385],{},[24,59564,59565],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[49,59567,59569],{"id":59568},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59571,59572],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[54,59574,59576],{"className":56,"code":59575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[61,59577,59578,59586,59590,59600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59579,59580,59582,59584],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59581,8278],{"class":74},[64,59583,92],{"class":91},[64,59585,7808],{"class":95},[64,59587,59588],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59589,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,59591,59592,59594,59596,59598],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,59593,212],{"class":211},[64,59595,144],{"class":95},[64,59597,8309],{"class":140},[64,59599,150],{"class":95},[64,59601,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,59603,212],{"class":211},[64,59605,144],{"class":95},[64,59607,11134],{"class":211},[64,59609,144],{"class":95},[64,59611,8309],{"class":140},[64,59613,1737],{"class":95},[14,59615,59616],{},[37,59617,2035],{},[54,59619,59621],{"className":56,"code":59620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[]\n0\n",[61,59622,59623,59627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59624,59625],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59626,38254],{"class":95},[64,59628,59629],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59630,47210],{"class":99},[14,59632,59633],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[54,59635,59637],{"className":56,"code":59636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[61,59638,59639,59647,59651,59669,59687,59705,59709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59640,59641,59643,59645],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59642,4959],{"class":74},[64,59644,92],{"class":91},[64,59646,7808],{"class":95},[64,59648,59649],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59650,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,59652,59653,59655,59657,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,59654,5003],{"class":74},[64,59656,137],{"class":95},[64,59658,193],{"class":140},[64,59660,144],{"class":95},[64,59662,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59664,12846],{"class":1422},[64,59666,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59668,150],{"class":95},[64,59670,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,59672,5003],{"class":74},[64,59674,137],{"class":95},[64,59676,193],{"class":140},[64,59678,144],{"class":95},[64,59680,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59682,35898],{"class":1422},[64,59684,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59686,150],{"class":95},[64,59688,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,59690,5003],{"class":74},[64,59692,137],{"class":95},[64,59694,193],{"class":140},[64,59696,144],{"class":95},[64,59698,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59700,35907],{"class":1422},[64,59702,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59704,150],{"class":95},[64,59706,59707],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,59708,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,59710,59711,59713,59715,59717],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,59712,212],{"class":211},[64,59714,144],{"class":95},[64,59716,5003],{"class":140},[64,59718,150],{"class":95},[14,59720,59721],{},[37,59722,2035],{},[54,59724,59726],{"className":56,"code":59725,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[61,59727,59728],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59729,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59731,184],{"class":95},[64,59733,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59735,12846],{"class":1422},[64,59737,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59739,103],{"class":95},[64,59741,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59743,35898],{"class":1422},[64,59745,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59747,103],{"class":95},[64,59749,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59751,35907],{"class":1422},[64,59753,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59755,746],{"class":95},[14,59757,59758,59759,137],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[543,59760,59761,1248],{"href":56721},[61,59762,52612],{},[49,59764,59766,59767],{"id":59765},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[61,59768,24735],{},[14,59770,256,59771,59773],{},[61,59772,24735],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59775,5424],{},[21,59777,59778,59780,59782,59784],{},[24,59779,5275],{},[24,59781,5269],{},[24,59783,5272],{},[24,59785,59786],{},[61,59787,36155],{},[816,59789,59791],{"id":59790},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[54,59793,59795],{"className":56,"code":59794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,59796,59797,59815],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59798,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59800,36048],{"class":74},[64,59802,92],{"class":91},[64,59804,22513],{"class":1778},[64,59806,144],{"class":95},[64,59808,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59810,41519],{"class":1422},[64,59812,1419],{"class":1418},[64,59814,150],{"class":95},[64,59816,59817,59819,59821,59823],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59818,212],{"class":211},[64,59820,144],{"class":95},[64,59822,36101],{"class":140},[64,59824,150],{"class":95},[14,59826,59827],{},[37,59828,2035],{},[54,59830,59831],{"className":56,"code":42835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,59832,59833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59834,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59836,184],{"class":95},[64,59838,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59840,543],{"class":1422},[64,59842,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59844,103],{"class":95},[64,59846,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59848,1235],{"class":1422},[64,59850,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59852,103],{"class":95},[64,59854,3256],{"class":1418},[64,59856,9711],{"class":1422},[64,59858,3261],{"class":1418},[64,59860,746],{"class":95},[816,59862,59864],{"id":59863},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[54,59866,59868],{"className":56,"code":59867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,59869,59870,59892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59871,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59873,1161],{"class":74},[64,59875,92],{"class":91},[64,59877,22513],{"class":1778},[64,59879,5478],{"class":95},[64,59881,100],{"class":99},[64,59883,103],{"class":95},[64,59885,106],{"class":99},[64,59887,103],{"class":95},[64,59889,743],{"class":99},[64,59891,1737],{"class":95},[64,59893,59894,59896,59898,59900],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59895,212],{"class":211},[64,59897,144],{"class":95},[64,59899,3611],{"class":140},[64,59901,150],{"class":95},[14,59903,59904],{},[37,59905,2035],{},[54,59907,59908],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,59909,59910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59911,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59913,184],{"class":95},[64,59915,100],{"class":99},[64,59917,103],{"class":95},[64,59919,106],{"class":99},[64,59921,103],{"class":95},[64,59923,743],{"class":99},[64,59925,746],{"class":95},[816,59927,59929],{"id":59928},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[54,59931,59933],{"className":56,"code":59932,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[61,59934,59935,59954],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59936,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59948,59950,59952],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59938,3786],{"class":74},[64,59940,92],{"class":91},[64,59942,22513],{"class":1778},[64,59944,144],{"class":95},[64,59946,59947],{"class":211},"range",[64,59949,144],{"class":95},[64,59951,385],{"class":99},[64,59953,1737],{"class":95},[64,59955,59956,59958,59960,59962],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,59957,212],{"class":211},[64,59959,144],{"class":95},[64,59961,5325],{"class":140},[64,59963,150],{"class":95},[14,59965,59966],{},[37,59967,2035],{},[54,59969,59971],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,59972,59973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,59974,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59976,184],{"class":95},[64,59978,187],{"class":99},[64,59980,103],{"class":95},[64,59982,5465],{"class":99},[64,59984,103],{"class":95},[64,59986,106],{"class":99},[64,59988,103],{"class":95},[64,59990,743],{"class":99},[64,59992,103],{"class":95},[64,59994,120],{"class":99},[64,59996,746],{"class":95},[14,59998,59999,60001,60002,137],{},[61,60000,24735],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[543,60003,60005,60007],{"href":60004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[61,60006,24735],{},": Function Explained",[49,60009,60011],{"id":60010},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60013,60014],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60016,60017],{},"Examples include:",[21,60019,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028],{},[24,60021,5275],{},[24,60023,40382],{},[24,60025,52005],{},[24,60027,40552],{},[24,60029,60030],{},"other lists",[54,60032,60034],{"className":56,"code":60033,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[61,60035,60036,60074,60078],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60037,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60039,9137],{"class":74},[64,60041,92],{"class":91},[64,60043,112],{"class":95},[64,60045,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60047,12846],{"class":1422},[64,60049,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60051,103],{"class":95},[64,60053,9277],{"class":99},[64,60055,103],{"class":95},[64,60057,3879],{"class":3816},[64,60059,103],{"class":95},[64,60061,112],{"class":95},[64,60063,100],{"class":99},[64,60065,103],{"class":95},[64,60067,106],{"class":99},[64,60069,103],{"class":95},[64,60071,743],{"class":99},[64,60073,123],{"class":95},[64,60075,60076],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60077,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,60079,60080,60082,60084,60086],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,60081,212],{"class":211},[64,60083,144],{"class":95},[64,60085,9176],{"class":140},[64,60087,150],{"class":95},[14,60089,60090],{},[37,60091,2035],{},[54,60093,60095],{"className":56,"code":60094,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[61,60096,60097],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60098,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60100,184],{"class":95},[64,60102,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60104,12846],{"class":1422},[64,60106,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60108,103],{"class":95},[64,60110,9277],{"class":99},[64,60112,103],{"class":95},[64,60114,3879],{"class":3816},[64,60116,103],{"class":95},[64,60118,112],{"class":95},[64,60120,100],{"class":99},[64,60122,103],{"class":95},[64,60124,106],{"class":99},[64,60126,103],{"class":95},[64,60128,743],{"class":99},[64,60130,123],{"class":95},[14,60132,60133,60134,137],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[37,60135,60136],{},"nested list",[14,60138,60139],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[49,60141,4483],{"id":4482},[14,60143,60144],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[816,60146,60148],{"id":60147},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60150,60151],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[54,60153,60155],{"className":56,"code":60154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[61,60156,60157,60161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60158,60159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60160,4500],{"class":222},[64,60162,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60164,1161],{"class":74},[64,60166,92],{"class":91},[64,60168,112],{"class":95},[64,60170,100],{"class":99},[64,60172,106],{"class":99},[64,60174,743],{"class":99},[64,60176,746],{"class":95},[14,60178,10779],{},[54,60180,60182],{"className":56,"code":60181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,60183,60184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60185,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60187,1161],{"class":74},[64,60189,92],{"class":91},[64,60191,112],{"class":95},[64,60193,100],{"class":99},[64,60195,103],{"class":95},[64,60197,106],{"class":99},[64,60199,103],{"class":95},[64,60201,743],{"class":99},[64,60203,746],{"class":95},[816,60205,1654,60207,11064,60209],{"id":60206},"using-instead-of",[61,60208,7334],{},[61,60210,3750],{},[14,60212,60213],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[54,60215,60217],{"className":56,"code":60216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[61,60218,60219,60240,60244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60220,60221,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60222,60223],{"class":74},"my_values ",[64,60225,92],{"class":91},[64,60227,9207],{"class":95},[64,60229,100],{"class":99},[64,60231,103],{"class":95},[64,60233,106],{"class":99},[64,60235,103],{"class":95},[64,60237,743],{"class":99},[64,60239,150],{"class":95},[64,60241,60242],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60243,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,60245,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60257],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,60247,212],{"class":211},[64,60249,144],{"class":95},[64,60251,1779],{"class":1778},[64,60253,144],{"class":95},[64,60255,60256],{"class":140},"my_values",[64,60258,1737],{"class":95},[14,60260,60261],{},[37,60262,2035],{},[54,60264,60266],{"className":56,"code":60265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[61,60267,60268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60269,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60271,3250],{"class":91},[64,60273,3253],{"class":2029},[64,60275,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60277,48911],{"class":1422},[64,60279,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60281,3264],{"class":91},[14,60283,60284],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[54,60286,60288],{"className":56,"code":60287,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[61,60289,60290,60310],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60291,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60293,60223],{"class":74},[64,60295,92],{"class":91},[64,60297,112],{"class":95},[64,60299,100],{"class":99},[64,60301,103],{"class":95},[64,60303,106],{"class":99},[64,60305,103],{"class":95},[64,60307,743],{"class":99},[64,60309,746],{"class":95},[64,60311,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60313,212],{"class":211},[64,60315,144],{"class":95},[64,60317,1779],{"class":1778},[64,60319,144],{"class":95},[64,60321,60256],{"class":140},[64,60323,1737],{"class":95},[816,60325,8423,60327,60330],{"id":60326},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[61,60328,60329],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60332,60333,60335],{},[61,60334,24735],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[54,60337,60339],{"className":56,"code":60338,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[61,60340,60341,60360],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60342,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60356,60358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60344,2194],{"class":74},[64,60346,92],{"class":91},[64,60348,22513],{"class":1778},[64,60350,144],{"class":95},[64,60352,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60354,60355],{"class":1422},"hello world",[64,60357,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60359,150],{"class":95},[64,60361,60362,60364,60366,60368],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60363,212],{"class":211},[64,60365,144],{"class":95},[64,60367,2229],{"class":140},[64,60369,150],{"class":95},[14,60371,60372],{},[37,60373,2035],{},[54,60375,60377],{"className":56,"code":60376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[61,60378,60379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60380,60381,60383,60385,60388,60390,60392,60394,60397,60399,60401,60403,60406,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60465,60467,60469,60471,60473],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60382,184],{"class":95},[64,60384,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60386,60387],{"class":1422},"h",[64,60389,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60391,103],{"class":95},[64,60393,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60395,60396],{"class":1422},"e",[64,60398,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60400,103],{"class":95},[64,60402,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60404,60405],{"class":1422},"l",[64,60407,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60409,103],{"class":95},[64,60411,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60413,60405],{"class":1422},[64,60415,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60417,103],{"class":95},[64,60419,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60421,60422],{"class":1422},"o",[64,60424,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60426,103],{"class":95},[64,60428,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60430,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60432,103],{"class":95},[64,60434,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60436,60437],{"class":1422},"w",[64,60439,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60441,103],{"class":95},[64,60443,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60445,60422],{"class":1422},[64,60447,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60449,103],{"class":95},[64,60451,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60453,60454],{"class":1422},"r",[64,60456,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60458,103],{"class":95},[64,60460,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60462,60405],{"class":1422},[64,60464,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60466,103],{"class":95},[64,60468,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60470,18721],{"class":1422},[64,60472,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60474,746],{"class":95},[14,60476,60477,60478,60481],{},"If you want words, use ",[61,60479,60480],{},"split()"," instead:",[54,60483,60485],{"className":56,"code":60484,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[61,60486,60487,60505],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60488,60489,60491,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60490,4034],{"class":74},[64,60492,92],{"class":91},[64,60494,3315],{"class":1418},[64,60496,60355],{"class":1422},[64,60498,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60500,137],{"class":95},[64,60502,34426],{"class":140},[64,60504,366],{"class":95},[64,60506,60507,60509,60511,60513],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60508,212],{"class":211},[64,60510,144],{"class":95},[64,60512,4078],{"class":140},[64,60514,150],{"class":95},[14,60516,60517],{},[37,60518,2035],{},[54,60520,60522],{"className":56,"code":60521,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['hello', 'world']\n",[61,60523,60524],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60525,60526,60528,60530,60532,60534,60536,60538,60541,60543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60527,184],{"class":95},[64,60529,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60531,3809],{"class":1422},[64,60533,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60535,103],{"class":95},[64,60537,3256],{"class":1418},[64,60539,60540],{"class":1422},"world",[64,60542,3261],{"class":1418},[64,60544,746],{"class":95},[816,60546,60548],{"id":60547},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60550,60551],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[54,60553,60555],{"className":56,"code":60554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[61,60556,60557,60561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60558,60559],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60560,4500],{"class":222},[64,60562,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579,60582,60584,60586,60588],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60564,4959],{"class":74},[64,60566,92],{"class":91},[64,60568,112],{"class":95},[64,60570,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60572,12846],{"class":1422},[64,60574,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60576,103],{"class":95},[64,60578,3315],{"class":1418},[64,60580,60581],{"class":1422},"Ben', ",[64,60583,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60585,35907],{"class":74},[64,60587,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60589,746],{"class":1422},[14,60591,60592],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[54,60594,60596],{"className":56,"code":60595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[61,60597,60598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60599,60600,60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622,60624,60626,60628],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60601,4959],{"class":74},[64,60603,92],{"class":91},[64,60605,112],{"class":95},[64,60607,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60609,12846],{"class":1422},[64,60611,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60613,103],{"class":95},[64,60615,3315],{"class":1418},[64,60617,35898],{"class":1422},[64,60619,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60621,103],{"class":95},[64,60623,3315],{"class":1418},[64,60625,35907],{"class":1422},[64,60627,1419],{"class":1418},[64,60629,746],{"class":95},[816,60631,60633],{"id":60632},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60635,60636],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[21,60638,60639,60642,60645,60650],{},[24,60640,60641],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[24,60643,60644],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[24,60646,60647,60648],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[61,60649,24735],{},[24,60651,8423,60652,60655],{},[61,60653,60654],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[816,60657,60659],{"id":60658},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[54,60661,60663],{"className":56,"code":60662,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[61,60664,60665,60675,60689,60703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60666,60667,60669,60671,60673],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60668,212],{"class":211},[64,60670,144],{"class":95},[64,60672,8309],{"class":140},[64,60674,150],{"class":95},[64,60676,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60678,212],{"class":211},[64,60680,144],{"class":95},[64,60682,1779],{"class":1778},[64,60684,144],{"class":95},[64,60686,8309],{"class":140},[64,60688,1737],{"class":95},[64,60690,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699,60701],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,60692,212],{"class":211},[64,60694,144],{"class":95},[64,60696,11134],{"class":211},[64,60698,144],{"class":95},[64,60700,8309],{"class":140},[64,60702,1737],{"class":95},[64,60704,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,60706,212],{"class":211},[64,60708,144],{"class":95},[64,60710,8064],{"class":1778},[64,60712,144],{"class":95},[64,60714,59947],{"class":211},[64,60716,144],{"class":95},[64,60718,385],{"class":99},[64,60720,2873],{"class":95},[14,60722,25963],{},[21,60724,60725,60728,60731,60734],{},[24,60726,60727],{},"what the list contains",[24,60729,60730],{},"whether the value is really a list",[24,60732,60733],{},"how many items it has",[24,60735,25974,60736,60738,60739],{},[61,60737,24735],{}," does with ",[61,60740,36155],{},[49,60742,60744],{"id":60743},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60746,60747],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60749,60750],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[21,60752,60753,60768,60773],{},[24,60754,256,60755,2153,60759,17025,60763,60767],{},[543,60756,60757],{"href":56721},[61,60758,52612],{},[543,60760,60761],{"href":53303},[61,60762,53405],{},[543,60764,60765],{"href":53867},[61,60766,54227],{}," to add items later",[24,60769,256,60770,60772],{},[543,60771,59344],{"href":50938}," for a broader introduction",[24,60774,256,60775,60779],{},[543,60776,60777,60007],{"href":60004},[61,60778,24735],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[49,60781,1826],{"id":1825},[816,60783,60785],{"id":60784},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60787,60788],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[54,60790,60791],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,60792,60793],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60794,60795],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60796,38254],{"class":95},[816,60798,60800],{"id":60799},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60802,60803],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[54,60805,60806],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,60807,60808],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60809,60810,60812,60814,60816,60818,60820,60822],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60811,184],{"class":95},[64,60813,100],{"class":99},[64,60815,103],{"class":95},[64,60817,106],{"class":99},[64,60819,103],{"class":95},[64,60821,743],{"class":99},[64,60823,746],{"class":95},[816,60825,5107,60827,60829],{"id":60826},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[61,60828,24735],{}," do in Python?",[14,60831,60832,60833,60835],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[61,60834,36155],{},", into a list.",[816,60837,60839],{"id":60838},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60841,60842],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[816,60844,5145,60846,40,60848,2456],{"id":60845},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[61,60847,3750],{},[61,60849,7334],{},[14,60851,60852,60854,60855,60857],{},[61,60853,3750],{}," creates a list. ",[61,60856,7334],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[49,60859,1865],{"id":1864},[21,60861,60862,60866,60872,60878,60884,60890,60894],{},[24,60863,60864],{},[543,60865,59344],{"href":50938},[24,60867,60868],{},[543,60869,55477,60870,11295],{"href":56721},[61,60871,52612],{},[24,60873,60874],{},[543,60875,55477,60876,11295],{"href":53303},[61,60877,53405],{},[24,60879,60880],{},[543,60881,55477,60882,11295],{"href":53867},[61,60883,54227],{},[24,60885,60886],{},[543,60887,1877,60888,3542],{"href":60004},[61,60889,24735],{},[24,60891,60892],{},[543,60893,59347],{"href":1895},[24,60895,60896],{},[543,60897,60898],{"href":545},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60900,60901,60902,60904],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[61,60903,52612],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1898,60906,60907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":60909},[60910,60911,60912,60913,60916,60917,60923,60924,60934,60935,60944],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":15115,"depth":78,"text":15116},{"id":59239,"depth":78,"text":59240},{"id":59350,"depth":78,"text":59351,"children":60914},[60915],{"id":59552,"depth":85,"text":59553},{"id":59568,"depth":78,"text":59569},{"id":59765,"depth":78,"text":60918,"children":60919},"Create a list with list()",[60920,60921,60922],{"id":59790,"depth":85,"text":59791},{"id":59863,"depth":85,"text":59864},{"id":59928,"depth":85,"text":59929},{"id":60010,"depth":78,"text":60011},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":60925},[60926,60927,60929,60931,60932,60933],{"id":60147,"depth":85,"text":60148},{"id":60206,"depth":85,"text":60928},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60326,"depth":85,"text":60930},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60547,"depth":85,"text":60548},{"id":60632,"depth":85,"text":60633},{"id":60658,"depth":85,"text":60659},{"id":60743,"depth":78,"text":60744},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":60936},[60937,60938,60939,60941,60942],{"id":60784,"depth":85,"text":60785},{"id":60799,"depth":85,"text":60800},{"id":60826,"depth":85,"text":60940},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60838,"depth":85,"text":60839},{"id":60845,"depth":85,"text":60943},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58981,"description":60945},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60952,"title":60953,"body":60954,"description":62695,"extension":1927,"meta":62696,"navigation":81,"path":62697,"seo":62698,"stem":62699,"__hash__":62700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60955,"toc":62650},[60956,60961,60966,60969,60971,61042,61047,61052,61056,61070,61075,61077,61097,61102,61105,61128,61132,61137,61229,61231,61253,61259,61265,61272,61279,61285,61342,61348,61406,61408,61420,61428,61434,61439,61443,61500,61503,61507,61566,61569,61573,61631,61643,61647,61700,61703,61707,61713,61719,61781,61784,61845,61848,61904,61909,61911,61915,61922,61983,61988,61997,62053,62060,62064,62122,62131,62189,62193,62228,62232,62242,62245,62300,62314,62317,62432,62437,62441,62452,62454,62533,62543,62545,62550,62555,62562,62570,62576,62579,62585,62588,62594,62600,62602,62638,62647],[10,60957,54301,60959,11295],{"id":60958},"python-list-extend-method",[61,60960,53405],{},[14,60962,60963,60965],{},[61,60964,53306],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60967,60968],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[49,60970,52],{"id":51},[54,60972,60974],{"className":56,"code":60973,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,60975,60976,60992,61009,61013,61028,61038],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,60977,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988,60990],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60979,1161],{"class":74},[64,60981,92],{"class":91},[64,60983,112],{"class":95},[64,60985,100],{"class":99},[64,60987,103],{"class":95},[64,60989,106],{"class":99},[64,60991,746],{"class":95},[64,60993,60994,60997,60999,61001,61003,61005,61007],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,60995,60996],{"class":74},"more_numbers ",[64,60998,92],{"class":91},[64,61000,112],{"class":95},[64,61002,115],{"class":99},[64,61004,103],{"class":95},[64,61006,120],{"class":99},[64,61008,746],{"class":95},[64,61010,61011],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61012,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61014,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023,61026],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61016,3611],{"class":74},[64,61018,137],{"class":95},[64,61020,53435],{"class":140},[64,61022,144],{"class":95},[64,61024,61025],{"class":140},"more_numbers",[64,61027,150],{"class":95},[64,61029,61030,61032,61034,61036],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61031,212],{"class":211},[64,61033,144],{"class":95},[64,61035,3611],{"class":140},[64,61037,150],{"class":95},[64,61039,61040],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,61041,52683],{"class":222},[14,61043,256,61044,61046],{},[61,61045,53405],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[49,61048,3639,61050,3642],{"id":61049},"what-listextend-does",[61,61051,53306],{},[14,61053,61054,1117],{},[61,61055,53405],{},[21,61057,61058,61061,61063,61066],{},[24,61059,61060],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[24,61062,54387],{},[24,61064,61065],{},"Does not create a new list",[24,61067,11397,61068],{},[61,61069,3741],{},[14,61071,61072,61073,53760],{},"This is an important point: ",[61,61074,53405],{},[49,61076,2120],{"id":2119},[54,61078,61080],{"className":56,"code":61079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[61,61081,61082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61083,61084,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61085,61086],{"class":74},"list_name",[64,61088,137],{"class":95},[64,61090,53435],{"class":140},[64,61092,144],{"class":95},[64,61094,3683],{"class":140},[64,61096,150],{"class":95},[14,61098,5419,61099,61101],{},[37,61100,3683],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61103,61104],{},"Common iterables include:",[21,61106,61107,61111,61115,61119,61124],{},[24,61108,61109],{},[61,61110,8064],{},[24,61112,61113],{},[61,61114,48911],{},[24,61116,61117],{},[61,61118,6256],{},[24,61120,61121],{},[61,61122,61123],{},"string",[24,61125,61126],{},[61,61127,59947],{},[49,61129,61131],{"id":61130},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61133,61134,61135,1117],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[61,61136,53405],{},[54,61138,61140],{"className":56,"code":61139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[61,61141,61142,61166,61191,61195,61210,61214,61224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61143,61144,61146,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61145,36196],{"class":74},[64,61147,92],{"class":91},[64,61149,112],{"class":95},[64,61151,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61153,4043],{"class":1422},[64,61155,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61157,103],{"class":95},[64,61159,3315],{"class":1418},[64,61161,4052],{"class":1422},[64,61163,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61165,746],{"class":95},[64,61167,61168,61171,61173,61175,61177,61179,61181,61183,61185,61187,61189],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61169,61170],{"class":74},"more_fruits ",[64,61172,92],{"class":91},[64,61174,112],{"class":95},[64,61176,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61178,33177],{"class":1422},[64,61180,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61182,103],{"class":95},[64,61184,3315],{"class":1418},[64,61186,22486],{"class":1422},[64,61188,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61190,746],{"class":95},[64,61192,61193],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61194,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61196,61197,61199,61201,61203,61205,61208],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61198,36248],{"class":74},[64,61200,137],{"class":95},[64,61202,53435],{"class":140},[64,61204,144],{"class":95},[64,61206,61207],{"class":140},"more_fruits",[64,61209,150],{"class":95},[64,61211,61212],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61213,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61215,61216,61218,61220,61222],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,61217,212],{"class":211},[64,61219,144],{"class":95},[64,61221,36248],{"class":140},[64,61223,150],{"class":95},[64,61225,61226],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,61227,61228],{"class":222},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61230,11657],{},[21,61232,61233,61238,61243],{},[24,61234,61235,61237],{},[61,61236,36248],{}," starts with two items",[24,61239,61240,61242],{},[61,61241,61207],{}," has two more items",[24,61244,61245,61247,61248,61250,61251],{},[61,61246,53405],{}," adds each item from ",[61,61249,61207],{}," to ",[61,61252,36248],{},[14,61254,61255,61256,61258],{},"After the method runs, ",[61,61257,36248],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61260,54526,61261,40,61263,137],{},[543,61262,52731],{"href":50938},[543,61264,57106],{"href":57105},[49,61266,61268,10557,61270],{"id":61267},"extend-vs-append",[61,61269,53405],{},[61,61271,52612],{},[14,61273,61274,40,61276,61278],{},[61,61275,53405],{},[61,61277,52612],{}," are often confused.",[816,61280,61282,61284],{"id":61281},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[61,61283,53405],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[54,61286,61288],{"className":56,"code":61287,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,61289,61290,61306,61324,61328,61338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61291,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61293,1161],{"class":74},[64,61295,92],{"class":91},[64,61297,112],{"class":95},[64,61299,100],{"class":99},[64,61301,103],{"class":95},[64,61303,106],{"class":99},[64,61305,746],{"class":95},[64,61307,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61309,3611],{"class":74},[64,61311,137],{"class":95},[64,61313,53435],{"class":140},[64,61315,382],{"class":95},[64,61317,115],{"class":99},[64,61319,103],{"class":95},[64,61321,120],{"class":99},[64,61323,393],{"class":95},[64,61325,61326],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61327,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61329,61330,61332,61334,61336],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61331,212],{"class":211},[64,61333,144],{"class":95},[64,61335,3611],{"class":140},[64,61337,150],{"class":95},[64,61339,61340],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61341,52683],{"class":222},[816,61343,61345,61347],{"id":61344},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[61,61346,52612],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[54,61349,61351],{"className":56,"code":61350,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[61,61352,61353,61369,61387,61391,61401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61354,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61356,1161],{"class":74},[64,61358,92],{"class":91},[64,61360,112],{"class":95},[64,61362,100],{"class":99},[64,61364,103],{"class":95},[64,61366,106],{"class":99},[64,61368,746],{"class":95},[64,61370,61371,61373,61375,61377,61379,61381,61383,61385],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61372,3611],{"class":74},[64,61374,137],{"class":95},[64,61376,193],{"class":140},[64,61378,382],{"class":95},[64,61380,115],{"class":99},[64,61382,103],{"class":95},[64,61384,120],{"class":99},[64,61386,393],{"class":95},[64,61388,61389],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61390,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61392,61393,61395,61397,61399],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61394,212],{"class":211},[64,61396,144],{"class":95},[64,61398,3611],{"class":140},[64,61400,150],{"class":95},[64,61402,61403],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61404,61405],{"class":222},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61407,18648],{},[21,61409,61410,61415],{},[24,61411,61412,61414],{},[61,61413,53405],{}," to combine values",[24,61416,61417,61419],{},[61,61418,52612],{}," to add one item",[14,61421,42052,61422,40,61426,137],{},[543,61423,55477,61424,1248],{"href":56721},[61,61425,52612],{},[543,61427,53009],{"href":53008},[49,61429,1654,61431,61433],{"id":61430},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[61,61432,53405],{}," with different iterables",[14,61435,61436,61438],{},[61,61437,53405],{}," works with more than just lists.",[816,61440,61442],{"id":61441},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[54,61444,61446],{"className":56,"code":61445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,61447,61448,61464,61482,61486,61496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61449,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458,61460,61462],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61451,3786],{"class":74},[64,61453,92],{"class":91},[64,61455,112],{"class":95},[64,61457,100],{"class":99},[64,61459,103],{"class":95},[64,61461,106],{"class":99},[64,61463,746],{"class":95},[64,61465,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61467,5325],{"class":74},[64,61469,137],{"class":95},[64,61471,53435],{"class":140},[64,61473,5478],{"class":95},[64,61475,115],{"class":99},[64,61477,103],{"class":95},[64,61479,120],{"class":99},[64,61481,1737],{"class":95},[64,61483,61484],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61485,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61487,61488,61490,61492,61494],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61489,212],{"class":211},[64,61491,144],{"class":95},[64,61493,5325],{"class":140},[64,61495,150],{"class":95},[64,61497,61498],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61499,52683],{"class":222},[14,61501,61502],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[816,61504,61506],{"id":61505},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[54,61508,61510],{"className":56,"code":61509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[61,61511,61512,61528,61547,61551,61561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61513,61514,61516,61518,61520,61522,61524,61526],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61515,36048],{"class":74},[64,61517,92],{"class":91},[64,61519,112],{"class":95},[64,61521,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61523,543],{"class":1422},[64,61525,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61527,746],{"class":95},[64,61529,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540,61543,61545],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61531,36101],{"class":74},[64,61533,137],{"class":95},[64,61535,53435],{"class":140},[64,61537,144],{"class":95},[64,61539,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61541,61542],{"class":1422},"bc",[64,61544,1419],{"class":1418},[64,61546,150],{"class":95},[64,61548,61549],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61550,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61552,61553,61555,61557,61559],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61554,212],{"class":211},[64,61556,144],{"class":95},[64,61558,36101],{"class":140},[64,61560,150],{"class":95},[64,61562,61563],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61564,61565],{"class":222},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61567,61568],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[816,61570,61572],{"id":61571},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[54,61574,61576],{"className":56,"code":61575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[61,61577,61578,61590,61612,61616,61626],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61579,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61581,1161],{"class":74},[64,61583,92],{"class":91},[64,61585,112],{"class":95},[64,61587,187],{"class":99},[64,61589,746],{"class":95},[64,61591,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61593,3611],{"class":74},[64,61595,137],{"class":95},[64,61597,53435],{"class":140},[64,61599,144],{"class":95},[64,61601,59947],{"class":211},[64,61603,144],{"class":95},[64,61605,100],{"class":99},[64,61607,103],{"class":95},[64,61609,120],{"class":99},[64,61611,1737],{"class":95},[64,61613,61614],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61615,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61617,61618,61620,61622,61624],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61619,212],{"class":211},[64,61621,144],{"class":95},[64,61623,3611],{"class":140},[64,61625,150],{"class":95},[64,61627,61628],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61629,61630],{"class":222},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61632,61633,61636,61637,2153,61639,17025,61641,137],{},[61,61634,61635],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[61,61638,100],{},[61,61640,2021],{},[61,61642,115],{},[816,61644,61646],{"id":61645},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[54,61648,61650],{"className":56,"code":61649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,61651,61652,61668,61686,61690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61653,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662,61664,61666],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61655,7749],{"class":74},[64,61657,92],{"class":91},[64,61659,112],{"class":95},[64,61661,100],{"class":99},[64,61663,103],{"class":95},[64,61665,106],{"class":99},[64,61667,746],{"class":95},[64,61669,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682,61684],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61671,7779],{"class":74},[64,61673,137],{"class":95},[64,61675,53435],{"class":140},[64,61677,5497],{"class":95},[64,61679,115],{"class":99},[64,61681,103],{"class":95},[64,61683,120],{"class":99},[64,61685,30451],{"class":95},[64,61687,61688],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61689,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61691,61692,61694,61696,61698],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61693,212],{"class":211},[64,61695,144],{"class":95},[64,61697,7779],{"class":140},[64,61699,150],{"class":95},[14,61701,61702],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[49,61704,61706],{"id":61705},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61708,61709,2361,61711,137],{},[61,61710,53405],{},[61,61712,3741],{},[14,61714,61715,61716,1117],{},"That means this is ",[37,61717,61718],{},"wrong",[54,61720,61722],{"className":56,"code":61721,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[61,61723,61724,61740,61762,61766,61776],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61725,61726,61728,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61727,1161],{"class":74},[64,61729,92],{"class":91},[64,61731,112],{"class":95},[64,61733,100],{"class":99},[64,61735,103],{"class":95},[64,61737,106],{"class":99},[64,61739,746],{"class":95},[64,61741,61742,61744,61746,61748,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61743,2194],{"class":74},[64,61745,92],{"class":91},[64,61747,1191],{"class":74},[64,61749,137],{"class":95},[64,61751,53435],{"class":140},[64,61753,382],{"class":95},[64,61755,115],{"class":99},[64,61757,103],{"class":95},[64,61759,120],{"class":99},[64,61761,393],{"class":95},[64,61763,61764],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61765,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61767,61768,61770,61772,61774],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61769,212],{"class":211},[64,61771,144],{"class":95},[64,61773,2229],{"class":140},[64,61775,150],{"class":95},[64,61777,61778],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61779,61780],{"class":222},"# None\n",[14,61782,61783],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[54,61785,61787],{"className":56,"code":61786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[61,61788,61789,61805,61827,61831,61841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61790,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61792,1161],{"class":74},[64,61794,92],{"class":91},[64,61796,112],{"class":95},[64,61798,100],{"class":99},[64,61800,103],{"class":95},[64,61802,106],{"class":99},[64,61804,746],{"class":95},[64,61806,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61808,1161],{"class":74},[64,61810,92],{"class":91},[64,61812,1191],{"class":74},[64,61814,137],{"class":95},[64,61816,53435],{"class":140},[64,61818,382],{"class":95},[64,61820,115],{"class":99},[64,61822,103],{"class":95},[64,61824,120],{"class":99},[64,61826,393],{"class":95},[64,61828,61829],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61830,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61832,61833,61835,61837,61839],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61834,212],{"class":211},[64,61836,144],{"class":95},[64,61838,3611],{"class":140},[64,61840,150],{"class":95},[64,61842,61843],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61844,61780],{"class":222},[14,61846,61847],{},"The correct way is:",[54,61849,61850],{"className":56,"code":61287,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,61851,61852,61868,61886,61890,61900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61853,61854,61856,61858,61860,61862,61864,61866],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61855,1161],{"class":74},[64,61857,92],{"class":91},[64,61859,112],{"class":95},[64,61861,100],{"class":99},[64,61863,103],{"class":95},[64,61865,106],{"class":99},[64,61867,746],{"class":95},[64,61869,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61871,3611],{"class":74},[64,61873,137],{"class":95},[64,61875,53435],{"class":140},[64,61877,382],{"class":95},[64,61879,115],{"class":99},[64,61881,103],{"class":95},[64,61883,120],{"class":99},[64,61885,393],{"class":95},[64,61887,61888],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61889,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61891,61892,61894,61896,61898],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61893,212],{"class":211},[64,61895,144],{"class":95},[64,61897,3611],{"class":140},[64,61899,150],{"class":95},[64,61901,61902],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61903,52683],{"class":222},[14,61905,55864,61906,61908],{},[61,61907,53405],{}," first, then use the original list.",[49,61910,4483],{"id":4482},[14,61912,14689,61913,137],{},[61,61914,53405],{},[816,61916,61918,61919,61921],{"id":61917},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[61,61920,53405],{}," to return a new list",[54,61923,61925],{"className":56,"code":61924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[61,61926,61927,61943,61965,61969,61979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,61928,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61930,1161],{"class":74},[64,61932,92],{"class":91},[64,61934,112],{"class":95},[64,61936,100],{"class":99},[64,61938,103],{"class":95},[64,61940,106],{"class":99},[64,61942,746],{"class":95},[64,61944,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,61946,55598],{"class":74},[64,61948,92],{"class":91},[64,61950,1191],{"class":74},[64,61952,137],{"class":95},[64,61954,53435],{"class":140},[64,61956,382],{"class":95},[64,61958,115],{"class":99},[64,61960,103],{"class":95},[64,61962,120],{"class":99},[64,61964,393],{"class":95},[64,61966,61967],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,61968,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,61970,61971,61973,61975,61977],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,61972,212],{"class":211},[64,61974,144],{"class":95},[64,61976,55617],{"class":140},[64,61978,150],{"class":95},[64,61980,61981],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,61982,61780],{"class":222},[14,61984,61985,61986,137],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[61,61987,53405],{},[816,61989,61991,61992,44587,61994,61996],{"id":61990},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[61,61993,52612],{},[61,61995,53405],{}," is needed",[54,61998,61999],{"className":56,"code":61350,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,62000,62001,62017,62035,62039,62049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62002,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62004,1161],{"class":74},[64,62006,92],{"class":91},[64,62008,112],{"class":95},[64,62010,100],{"class":99},[64,62012,103],{"class":95},[64,62014,106],{"class":99},[64,62016,746],{"class":95},[64,62018,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029,62031,62033],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62020,3611],{"class":74},[64,62022,137],{"class":95},[64,62024,193],{"class":140},[64,62026,382],{"class":95},[64,62028,115],{"class":99},[64,62030,103],{"class":95},[64,62032,120],{"class":99},[64,62034,393],{"class":95},[64,62036,62037],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,62038,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62040,62041,62043,62045,62047],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,62042,212],{"class":211},[64,62044,144],{"class":95},[64,62046,3611],{"class":140},[64,62048,150],{"class":95},[64,62050,62051],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,62052,61405],{"class":222},[14,62054,62055,62056,53850,62058,6598],{},"If you wanted ",[61,62057,53849],{},[61,62059,53405],{},[816,62061,62063],{"id":62062},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[54,62065,62067],{"className":56,"code":62066,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[61,62068,62069,62085,62103,62107,62117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62070,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081,62083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62072,4034],{"class":74},[64,62074,92],{"class":91},[64,62076,112],{"class":95},[64,62078,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62080,3809],{"class":1422},[64,62082,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62084,746],{"class":95},[64,62086,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099,62101],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62088,4078],{"class":74},[64,62090,137],{"class":95},[64,62092,53435],{"class":140},[64,62094,144],{"class":95},[64,62096,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62098,60540],{"class":1422},[64,62100,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62102,150],{"class":95},[64,62104,62105],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,62106,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62108,62109,62111,62113,62115],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,62110,212],{"class":211},[64,62112,144],{"class":95},[64,62114,4078],{"class":140},[64,62116,150],{"class":95},[64,62118,62119],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,62120,62121],{"class":222},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62123,62124,62125,62128,62129,1117],{},"If you want ",[61,62126,62127],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[61,62130,52612],{},[54,62132,62134],{"className":56,"code":62133,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[61,62135,62136,62152,62170,62174,62184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62137,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62139,4034],{"class":74},[64,62141,92],{"class":91},[64,62143,112],{"class":95},[64,62145,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62147,3809],{"class":1422},[64,62149,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62151,746],{"class":95},[64,62153,62154,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166,62168],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62155,4078],{"class":74},[64,62157,137],{"class":95},[64,62159,193],{"class":140},[64,62161,144],{"class":95},[64,62163,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62165,60540],{"class":1422},[64,62167,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62169,150],{"class":95},[64,62171,62172],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,62173,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62175,62176,62178,62180,62182],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,62177,212],{"class":211},[64,62179,144],{"class":95},[64,62181,4078],{"class":140},[64,62183,150],{"class":95},[64,62185,62186],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,62187,62188],{"class":222},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[816,62190,62192],{"id":62191},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[54,62194,62196],{"className":56,"code":62195,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[61,62197,62198,62214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62201,1161],{"class":74},[64,62203,92],{"class":91},[64,62205,112],{"class":95},[64,62207,100],{"class":99},[64,62209,103],{"class":95},[64,62211,106],{"class":99},[64,62213,746],{"class":95},[64,62215,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224,62226],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62217,3611],{"class":74},[64,62219,137],{"class":95},[64,62221,53435],{"class":140},[64,62223,144],{"class":95},[64,62225,385],{"class":99},[64,62227,150],{"class":95},[14,62229,39611,62230,6518],{},[61,62231,385],{},[14,62233,62234,62235,62237,62238,62241],{},"You will get a ",[61,62236,2964],{},". See ",[543,62239,62240],{"href":52559},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62243,62244],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[54,62246,62248],{"className":56,"code":62247,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[61,62249,62250,62260,62274,62286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62251,62252,62254,62256,62258],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62253,212],{"class":211},[64,62255,144],{"class":95},[64,62257,8309],{"class":140},[64,62259,150],{"class":95},[64,62261,62262,62264,62266,62268,62270,62272],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62263,212],{"class":211},[64,62265,144],{"class":95},[64,62267,1779],{"class":1778},[64,62269,144],{"class":95},[64,62271,5325],{"class":140},[64,62273,1737],{"class":95},[64,62275,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,62277,212],{"class":211},[64,62279,144],{"class":95},[64,62281,2229],{"class":140},[64,62283,219],{"class":95},[64,62285,150],{"class":74},[64,62287,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,62289,32108],{"class":211},[64,62291,144],{"class":95},[64,62293,8064],{"class":1778},[64,62295,137],{"class":95},[64,62297,53435],{"class":24704},[64,62299,150],{"class":95},[43539,62301,62302],{},[14,62303,62304,62305,62308,62309,62311,62312,137],{},"Note: ",[61,62306,62307],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[61,62310,219],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[61,62313,32983],{},[14,62315,62316],{},"Correct debugging example:",[54,62318,62320],{"className":56,"code":62319,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[61,62321,62322,62338,62354,62358,62372,62376,62384,62394,62408,62418],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62323,62324,62326,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62325,8278],{"class":74},[64,62327,92],{"class":91},[64,62329,112],{"class":95},[64,62331,100],{"class":99},[64,62333,103],{"class":95},[64,62335,106],{"class":99},[64,62337,746],{"class":95},[64,62339,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62341,3786],{"class":74},[64,62343,92],{"class":91},[64,62345,112],{"class":95},[64,62347,115],{"class":99},[64,62349,103],{"class":95},[64,62351,120],{"class":99},[64,62353,746],{"class":95},[64,62355,62356],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,62357,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62359,62360,62362,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,62361,8309],{"class":74},[64,62363,137],{"class":95},[64,62365,53435],{"class":140},[64,62367,144],{"class":95},[64,62369,5325],{"class":140},[64,62371,150],{"class":95},[64,62373,62374],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,62375,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62377,62378,62380,62382],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,62379,2194],{"class":74},[64,62381,92],{"class":91},[64,62383,48485],{"class":3816},[64,62385,62386,62388,62390,62392],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,62387,212],{"class":211},[64,62389,144],{"class":95},[64,62391,8309],{"class":140},[64,62393,150],{"class":95},[64,62395,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,62397,212],{"class":211},[64,62399,144],{"class":95},[64,62401,1779],{"class":1778},[64,62403,144],{"class":95},[64,62405,5325],{"class":140},[64,62407,1737],{"class":95},[64,62409,62410,62412,62414,62416],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,62411,212],{"class":211},[64,62413,144],{"class":95},[64,62415,2229],{"class":140},[64,62417,150],{"class":95},[64,62419,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,62421,32108],{"class":211},[64,62423,144],{"class":95},[64,62425,8064],{"class":1778},[64,62427,137],{"class":95},[64,62429,53435],{"class":24704},[64,62431,150],{"class":95},[49,62433,4925,62435],{"id":62434},"when-to-use-extend",[61,62436,53405],{},[14,62438,256,62439,6287],{},[61,62440,53405],{},[21,62442,62443,62446,62449],{},[24,62444,62445],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[24,62447,62448],{},"Add multiple values at once",[24,62450,62451],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62453,5439],{},[54,62455,62457],{"className":56,"code":62456,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[61,62458,62459,62476,62494,62498,62514,62518,62528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62460,62461,62464,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62462,62463],{"class":74},"all_scores ",[64,62465,92],{"class":91},[64,62467,112],{"class":95},[64,62469,13467],{"class":99},[64,62471,103],{"class":95},[64,62473,13472],{"class":99},[64,62475,746],{"class":95},[64,62477,62478,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62492],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62479,62480],{"class":74},"new_scores ",[64,62482,92],{"class":91},[64,62484,112],{"class":95},[64,62486,51464],{"class":99},[64,62488,103],{"class":95},[64,62490,62491],{"class":99}," 92",[64,62493,746],{"class":95},[64,62495,62496],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,62497,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62499,62500,62503,62505,62507,62509,62512],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,62501,62502],{"class":74},"all_scores",[64,62504,137],{"class":95},[64,62506,53435],{"class":140},[64,62508,144],{"class":95},[64,62510,62511],{"class":140},"new_scores",[64,62513,150],{"class":95},[64,62515,62516],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,62517,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62519,62520,62522,62524,62526],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,62521,212],{"class":211},[64,62523,144],{"class":95},[64,62525,62502],{"class":140},[64,62527,150],{"class":95},[64,62529,62530],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,62531,62532],{"class":222},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62534,62535,62536,62538,62539,137],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[61,62537,52612],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[543,62540,55477,62541,1248],{"href":53867},[61,62542,54227],{},[49,62544,1826],{"id":1825},[816,62546,12670,62548,55426],{"id":62547},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[61,62549,53306],{},[14,62551,62552,62553,137],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[61,62554,3741],{},[816,62556,5145,62558,40,62560,2456],{"id":62557},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[61,62559,53405],{},[61,62561,52612],{},[14,62563,62564,62566,62567,62569],{},[61,62565,53405],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[61,62568,52612],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[816,62571,28282,62573,62575],{"id":62572},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[61,62574,53405],{}," with a string?",[14,62577,62578],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[816,62580,28282,62582,62584],{"id":62581},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[61,62583,53405],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62586,62587],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[816,62589,62591,62592,2456],{"id":62590},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[61,62593,53405],{},[14,62595,62596,62597,62599],{},"You get a ",[61,62598,2964],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[49,62601,1865],{"id":1864},[21,62603,62604,62610,62614,62618,62622,62628,62632],{},[24,62605,62606],{},[543,62607,55477,62608,1248],{"href":56721},[61,62609,52612],{},[24,62611,62612],{},[543,62613,54237],{"href":53008},[24,62615,62616],{},[543,62617,57178],{"href":57105},[24,62619,62620],{},[543,62621,52731],{"href":50938},[24,62623,62624],{},[543,62625,55477,62626,1248],{"href":53867},[61,62627,54227],{},[24,62629,62630],{},[543,62631,62240],{"href":52559},[24,62633,62634],{},[543,62635,55477,62636,1248],{"href":1245},[61,62637,12743],{},[14,62639,62640,62641,62643,62644,62646],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[61,62642,52612],{},", when to use ",[61,62645,54227],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1898,62648,62649],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":62651},[62652,62653,62655,62656,62657,62664,62671,62672,62680,62682,62694],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":61049,"depth":78,"text":62654},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":61130,"depth":78,"text":61131},{"id":61267,"depth":78,"text":62658,"children":62659},"extend() vs append()",[62660,62662],{"id":61281,"depth":85,"text":62661},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61344,"depth":85,"text":62663},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61430,"depth":78,"text":62665,"children":62666},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62667,62668,62669,62670],{"id":61441,"depth":85,"text":61442},{"id":61505,"depth":85,"text":61506},{"id":61571,"depth":85,"text":61572},{"id":61645,"depth":85,"text":61646},{"id":61705,"depth":78,"text":61706},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":62673},[62674,62676,62678,62679],{"id":61917,"depth":85,"text":62675},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61990,"depth":85,"text":62677},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62062,"depth":85,"text":62063},{"id":62191,"depth":85,"text":62192},{"id":62434,"depth":78,"text":62681},"When to use extend()",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":62683},[62684,62686,62688,62690,62692],{"id":62547,"depth":85,"text":62685},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62557,"depth":85,"text":62687},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62572,"depth":85,"text":62689},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62581,"depth":85,"text":62691},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62590,"depth":85,"text":62693},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60953,"description":62695},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62702,"title":62703,"body":62704,"description":64795,"extension":1927,"meta":64796,"navigation":81,"path":64797,"seo":64798,"stem":64799,"__hash__":64800},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62705,"toc":64758},[62706,62709,62714,62720,62731,62737,62739,62808,62810,62859,62867,62871,62876,62879,62890,62895,62897,62899,62920,62933,62936,62949,62951,62956,62981,62983,62991,62994,63063,63065,63089,63095,63099,63103,63139,63141,63161,63168,63172,63205,63207,63241,63246,63250,63283,63285,63313,63321,63325,63362,63364,63385,63388,63392,63461,63463,63487,63493,63500,63504,63507,63509,63523,63526,63550,63552,63577,63580,63599,63601,63627,63636,63640,63647,63724,63726,63767,63773,63779,63870,63872,63928,63931,63936,63940,63945,63949,64008,64010,64035,64039,64102,64104,64129,64133,64196,64198,64241,64244,64248,64252,64274,64278,64360,64362,64397,64405,64407,64411,64415,64417,64444,64449,64451,64478,64485,64488,64511,64513,64562,64565,64568,64587,64591,64594,64645,64648,64654,64658,64663,64666,64668,64674,64683,64687,64693,64697,64700,64704,64707,64711,64717,64719,64755],[10,62707,62703],{"id":62708},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62710,9094,62711,62713],{},[61,62712,24735],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62715,62716,62717,62719],{},"Beginners usually use ",[61,62718,24735],{}," for two main reasons:",[21,62721,62722,62725],{},[24,62723,62724],{},"to make an empty list",[24,62726,62727,62728,62730],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[61,62729,59947],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62732,62733,62734,62736],{},"This page explains how ",[61,62735,24735],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[49,62738,52],{"id":51},[54,62740,62742],{"className":56,"code":62741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[61,62743,62744,62766,62784,62788,62798],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62745,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62760,62762,62764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62747,1161],{"class":74},[64,62749,92],{"class":91},[64,62751,22513],{"class":1778},[64,62753,5478],{"class":95},[64,62755,100],{"class":99},[64,62757,103],{"class":95},[64,62759,106],{"class":99},[64,62761,103],{"class":95},[64,62763,743],{"class":99},[64,62765,1737],{"class":95},[64,62767,62768,62770,62772,62774,62776,62778,62780,62782],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62769,36048],{"class":74},[64,62771,92],{"class":91},[64,62773,22513],{"class":1778},[64,62775,144],{"class":95},[64,62777,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62779,41519],{"class":1422},[64,62781,1419],{"class":1418},[64,62783,150],{"class":95},[64,62785,62786],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,62787,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,62789,62790,62792,62794,62796],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,62791,212],{"class":211},[64,62793,144],{"class":95},[64,62795,3611],{"class":140},[64,62797,150],{"class":95},[64,62799,62800,62802,62804,62806],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,62801,212],{"class":211},[64,62803,144],{"class":95},[64,62805,36101],{"class":140},[64,62807,150],{"class":95},[14,62809,2035],{},[54,62811,62813],{"className":56,"code":62812,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[61,62814,62815,62831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62816,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62818,184],{"class":95},[64,62820,100],{"class":99},[64,62822,103],{"class":95},[64,62824,106],{"class":99},[64,62826,103],{"class":95},[64,62828,743],{"class":99},[64,62830,746],{"class":95},[64,62832,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62834,184],{"class":95},[64,62836,3261],{"class":1418},[64,62838,543],{"class":1422},[64,62840,3261],{"class":1418},[64,62842,103],{"class":95},[64,62844,3256],{"class":1418},[64,62846,1235],{"class":1422},[64,62848,3261],{"class":1418},[64,62850,103],{"class":95},[64,62852,3256],{"class":1418},[64,62854,9711],{"class":1422},[64,62856,3261],{"class":1418},[64,62858,746],{"class":95},[14,62860,256,62861,62863,62864,62866],{},[61,62862,24735],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[61,62865,59947],{},", set, or dictionary.",[49,62868,62870],{"id":62869},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62872,62873,62875],{},[61,62874,24735],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62877,62878],{},"It can:",[21,62880,62881,62884,62887],{},[24,62882,62883],{},"create a new list object",[24,62885,62886],{},"make an empty list",[24,62888,62889],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62891,62892,62893,137],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[543,62894,52731],{"href":50938},[49,62896,2120],{"id":2119},[14,62898,26442],{},[54,62900,62902],{"className":56,"code":62901,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[61,62903,62904,62910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62905,62906,62908],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62907,8064],{"class":1778},[64,62909,366],{"class":95},[64,62911,62912,62914,62916,62918],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62913,8064],{"class":1778},[64,62915,144],{"class":95},[64,62917,3683],{"class":140},[64,62919,150],{"class":95},[21,62921,62922,62927],{},[24,62923,62924,62926],{},[61,62925,24735],{}," makes an empty list",[24,62928,62929,62932],{},[61,62930,62931],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62934,62935],{},"Common iterable values include:",[21,62937,62938,62940,62942,62944,62947],{},[24,62939,5275],{},[24,62941,5269],{},[24,62943,5272],{},[24,62945,62946],{},"ranges",[24,62948,7219],{},[49,62950,59569],{"id":59568},[14,62952,256,62953,62955],{},[61,62954,24735],{}," with no arguments:",[54,62957,62959],{"className":56,"code":62958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[61,62960,62961,62971],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62962,62963,62965,62967,62969],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62964,7749],{"class":74},[64,62966,92],{"class":91},[64,62968,22513],{"class":1778},[64,62970,366],{"class":95},[64,62972,62973,62975,62977,62979],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,62974,212],{"class":211},[64,62976,144],{"class":95},[64,62978,7779],{"class":140},[64,62980,150],{"class":95},[14,62982,2035],{},[54,62984,62985],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,62986,62987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,62988,62989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62990,38254],{"class":95},[14,62992,62993],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[54,62995,62997],{"className":56,"code":62996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,62998,62999,63009,63013,63031,63049,63053],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63000,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63002,7749],{"class":74},[64,63004,92],{"class":91},[64,63006,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63008,366],{"class":95},[64,63010,63011],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63012,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,63014,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,63016,7779],{"class":74},[64,63018,137],{"class":95},[64,63020,193],{"class":140},[64,63022,144],{"class":95},[64,63024,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63026,4043],{"class":1422},[64,63028,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63030,150],{"class":95},[64,63032,63033,63035,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045,63047],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,63034,7779],{"class":74},[64,63036,137],{"class":95},[64,63038,193],{"class":140},[64,63040,144],{"class":95},[64,63042,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63044,4052],{"class":1422},[64,63046,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63048,150],{"class":95},[64,63050,63051],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,63052,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,63054,63055,63057,63059,63061],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,63056,212],{"class":211},[64,63058,144],{"class":95},[64,63060,7779],{"class":140},[64,63062,150],{"class":95},[14,63064,2035],{},[54,63066,63067],{"className":56,"code":38380,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,63068,63069],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63070,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63072,184],{"class":95},[64,63074,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63076,4043],{"class":1422},[64,63078,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63080,103],{"class":95},[64,63082,3256],{"class":1418},[64,63084,4052],{"class":1422},[64,63086,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63088,746],{"class":95},[14,63090,63091,63092,63094],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[61,63093,3750],{},". Both are valid.",[49,63096,63098],{"id":63097},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[816,63100,63102],{"id":63101},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[54,63104,63105],{"className":56,"code":59867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,63106,63107,63129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63108,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63110,1161],{"class":74},[64,63112,92],{"class":91},[64,63114,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63116,5478],{"class":95},[64,63118,100],{"class":99},[64,63120,103],{"class":95},[64,63122,106],{"class":99},[64,63124,103],{"class":95},[64,63126,743],{"class":99},[64,63128,1737],{"class":95},[64,63130,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63132,212],{"class":211},[64,63134,144],{"class":95},[64,63136,3611],{"class":140},[64,63138,150],{"class":95},[14,63140,2035],{},[54,63142,63143],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,63144,63145],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63146,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63148,184],{"class":95},[64,63150,100],{"class":99},[64,63152,103],{"class":95},[64,63154,106],{"class":99},[64,63156,103],{"class":95},[64,63158,743],{"class":99},[64,63160,746],{"class":95},[14,63162,63163,63164,137],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[543,63165,63167],{"href":63166},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[816,63169,63171],{"id":63170},"string-to-list","String to list",[54,63173,63175],{"className":56,"code":63174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,63176,63177,63195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63178,63179,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189,63191,63193],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63180,36048],{"class":74},[64,63182,92],{"class":91},[64,63184,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63186,144],{"class":95},[64,63188,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63190,37004],{"class":1422},[64,63192,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63194,150],{"class":95},[64,63196,63197,63199,63201,63203],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63198,212],{"class":211},[64,63200,144],{"class":95},[64,63202,36101],{"class":140},[64,63204,150],{"class":95},[14,63206,2035],{},[54,63208,63210],{"className":56,"code":63209,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[61,63211,63212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63213,63214,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63237,63239],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63215,184],{"class":95},[64,63217,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63219,9711],{"class":1422},[64,63221,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63223,103],{"class":95},[64,63225,3256],{"class":1418},[64,63227,543],{"class":1422},[64,63229,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63231,103],{"class":95},[64,63233,3256],{"class":1418},[64,63235,63236],{"class":1422},"t",[64,63238,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63240,746],{"class":95},[14,63242,63243,63245],{},[61,63244,24735],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[816,63247,63249],{"id":63248},"range-to-list","Range to list",[54,63251,63253],{"className":56,"code":63252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,63254,63255,63273],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63256,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267,63269,63271],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63258,1161],{"class":74},[64,63260,92],{"class":91},[64,63262,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63264,144],{"class":95},[64,63266,59947],{"class":211},[64,63268,144],{"class":95},[64,63270,385],{"class":99},[64,63272,1737],{"class":95},[64,63274,63275,63277,63279,63281],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63276,212],{"class":211},[64,63278,144],{"class":95},[64,63280,3611],{"class":140},[64,63282,150],{"class":95},[14,63284,2035],{},[54,63286,63287],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,63288,63289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63290,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63292,184],{"class":95},[64,63294,187],{"class":99},[64,63296,103],{"class":95},[64,63298,5465],{"class":99},[64,63300,103],{"class":95},[64,63302,106],{"class":99},[64,63304,103],{"class":95},[64,63306,743],{"class":99},[64,63308,103],{"class":95},[64,63310,120],{"class":99},[64,63312,746],{"class":95},[14,63314,63315,63316,63320],{},"This is common when working with ",[543,63317,63318],{"href":36152},[61,63319,36155],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[816,63322,63324],{"id":63323},"set-to-list","Set to list",[54,63326,63328],{"className":56,"code":63327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[61,63329,63330,63352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63331,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63333,3786],{"class":74},[64,63335,92],{"class":91},[64,63337,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63339,5497],{"class":95},[64,63341,1432],{"class":99},[64,63343,103],{"class":95},[64,63345,1437],{"class":99},[64,63347,103],{"class":95},[64,63349,7764],{"class":99},[64,63351,30451],{"class":95},[64,63353,63354,63356,63358,63360],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63355,212],{"class":211},[64,63357,144],{"class":95},[64,63359,5325],{"class":140},[64,63361,150],{"class":95},[14,63363,16911],{},[54,63365,63367],{"className":56,"code":63366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[61,63368,63369],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63370,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63372,184],{"class":95},[64,63374,1432],{"class":99},[64,63376,103],{"class":95},[64,63378,1437],{"class":99},[64,63380,103],{"class":95},[64,63382,7764],{"class":99},[64,63384,746],{"class":95},[14,63386,63387],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[816,63389,63391],{"id":63390},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[54,63393,63395],{"className":56,"code":63394,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,63396,63397,63433,63447,63451],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63398,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63400,13170],{"class":74},[64,63402,92],{"class":91},[64,63404,1415],{"class":95},[64,63406,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63408,7637],{"class":1422},[64,63410,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63412,1117],{"class":95},[64,63414,3315],{"class":1418},[64,63416,12846],{"class":1422},[64,63418,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63420,103],{"class":95},[64,63422,3315],{"class":1418},[64,63424,9270],{"class":1422},[64,63426,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63428,1117],{"class":95},[64,63430,9277],{"class":99},[64,63432,9280],{"class":95},[64,63434,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63436,2194],{"class":74},[64,63438,92],{"class":91},[64,63440,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63442,144],{"class":95},[64,63444,17260],{"class":140},[64,63446,150],{"class":95},[64,63448,63449],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,63450,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,63452,63453,63455,63457,63459],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,63454,212],{"class":211},[64,63456,144],{"class":95},[64,63458,2229],{"class":140},[64,63460,150],{"class":95},[14,63462,2035],{},[54,63464,63465],{"className":56,"code":25435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,63466,63467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63468,63469,63471,63473,63475,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63470,184],{"class":95},[64,63472,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63474,7637],{"class":1422},[64,63476,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63478,103],{"class":95},[64,63480,3256],{"class":1418},[64,63482,9270],{"class":1422},[64,63484,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63486,746],{"class":95},[14,63488,63489,63490,63492],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[61,63491,24735],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63494,63495,63496,137],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[543,63497,63499],{"href":63498},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[49,63501,63503],{"id":63502},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63505,63506],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63508,61104],{},[21,63510,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519,63521],{},[24,63512,5266],{},[24,63514,5269],{},[24,63516,5275],{},[24,63518,5272],{},[24,63520,62946],{},[24,63522,7219],{},[14,63524,63525],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[54,63527,63529],{"className":56,"code":63528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[61,63530,63531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63532,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541,63543,63546,63548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63534,212],{"class":211},[64,63536,144],{"class":95},[64,63538,8064],{"class":1778},[64,63540,144],{"class":95},[64,63542,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63544,63545],{"class":1422},"hi",[64,63547,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63549,1737],{"class":95},[14,63551,2035],{},[54,63553,63555],{"className":56,"code":63554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'i']\n",[61,63556,63557],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63558,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63560,184],{"class":95},[64,63562,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63564,60387],{"class":1422},[64,63566,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63568,103],{"class":95},[64,63570,3256],{"class":1418},[64,63572,36112],{"class":1422},[64,63574,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63576,746],{"class":95},[14,63578,63579],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[54,63581,63583],{"className":56,"code":63582,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(5))\n",[61,63584,63585],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63586,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63588,212],{"class":211},[64,63590,144],{"class":95},[64,63592,8064],{"class":1778},[64,63594,144],{"class":95},[64,63596,385],{"class":99},[64,63598,1737],{"class":95},[14,63600,2035],{},[54,63602,63604],{"className":56,"code":63603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[61,63605,63606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63607,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63609,2964],{"class":1778},[64,63611,1117],{"class":95},[64,63613,3256],{"class":1418},[64,63615,2152],{"class":1422},[64,63617,3261],{"class":1418},[64,63619,24571],{"class":1778},[64,63621,980],{"class":91},[64,63623,8069],{"class":91},[64,63625,63626],{"class":74}," iterable\n",[14,63628,63629,63630,63632,63633,137],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[543,63631,5101],{"href":5554},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[543,63634,63635],{"href":52559},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[49,63637,63639],{"id":63638},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63641,63642,63643,63646],{},"If you already have a list, ",[61,63644,63645],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[54,63648,63650],{"className":56,"code":63649,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[61,63651,63652,63672,63686,63690,63700,63710],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63653,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63655,88],{"class":74},[64,63657,92],{"class":91},[64,63659,112],{"class":95},[64,63661,100],{"class":99},[64,63663,103],{"class":95},[64,63665,106],{"class":99},[64,63667,103],{"class":95},[64,63669,743],{"class":99},[64,63671,746],{"class":95},[64,63673,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63675,354],{"class":74},[64,63677,92],{"class":91},[64,63679,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63681,144],{"class":95},[64,63683,147],{"class":140},[64,63685,150],{"class":95},[64,63687,63688],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,63689,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,63691,63692,63694,63696,63698],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,63693,212],{"class":211},[64,63695,144],{"class":95},[64,63697,147],{"class":140},[64,63699,150],{"class":95},[64,63701,63702,63704,63706,63708],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,63703,212],{"class":211},[64,63705,144],{"class":95},[64,63707,375],{"class":140},[64,63709,150],{"class":95},[64,63711,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,63713,212],{"class":211},[64,63715,144],{"class":95},[64,63717,88],{"class":140},[64,63719,877],{"class":70},[64,63721,1694],{"class":140},[64,63723,150],{"class":95},[14,63725,2035],{},[54,63727,63729],{"className":56,"code":63728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[61,63730,63731,63747,63763],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63732,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63734,184],{"class":95},[64,63736,100],{"class":99},[64,63738,103],{"class":95},[64,63740,106],{"class":99},[64,63742,103],{"class":95},[64,63744,743],{"class":99},[64,63746,746],{"class":95},[64,63748,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63750,184],{"class":95},[64,63752,100],{"class":99},[64,63754,103],{"class":95},[64,63756,106],{"class":99},[64,63758,103],{"class":95},[64,63760,743],{"class":99},[64,63762,746],{"class":95},[64,63764,63765],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,63766,4004],{"class":3816},[14,63768,63769,63770,63772],{},"This means ",[61,63771,375],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63774,63775,63776,63778],{},"However, this is only a ",[37,63777,39],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[54,63780,63782],{"className":56,"code":63781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[61,63783,63784,63810,63824,63828,63846,63850,63860],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63785,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63787,88],{"class":74},[64,63789,92],{"class":91},[64,63791,96],{"class":95},[64,63793,100],{"class":99},[64,63795,103],{"class":95},[64,63797,106],{"class":99},[64,63799,109],{"class":95},[64,63801,112],{"class":95},[64,63803,115],{"class":99},[64,63805,103],{"class":95},[64,63807,120],{"class":99},[64,63809,123],{"class":95},[64,63811,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63813,354],{"class":74},[64,63815,92],{"class":91},[64,63817,22513],{"class":1778},[64,63819,144],{"class":95},[64,63821,147],{"class":140},[64,63823,150],{"class":95},[64,63825,63826],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,63827,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,63829,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,63831,375],{"class":74},[64,63833,184],{"class":95},[64,63835,187],{"class":99},[64,63837,190],{"class":95},[64,63839,193],{"class":140},[64,63841,144],{"class":95},[64,63843,198],{"class":99},[64,63845,150],{"class":95},[64,63847,63848],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,63849,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,63851,63852,63854,63856,63858],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,63853,212],{"class":211},[64,63855,144],{"class":95},[64,63857,147],{"class":140},[64,63859,150],{"class":95},[64,63861,63862,63864,63866,63868],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,63863,212],{"class":211},[64,63865,144],{"class":95},[64,63867,375],{"class":140},[64,63869,150],{"class":95},[14,63871,2035],{},[54,63873,63874],{"className":56,"code":56331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,63875,63876,63902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63877,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63879,56338],{"class":95},[64,63881,100],{"class":99},[64,63883,103],{"class":95},[64,63885,106],{"class":99},[64,63887,103],{"class":95},[64,63889,10169],{"class":99},[64,63891,109],{"class":95},[64,63893,112],{"class":95},[64,63895,115],{"class":99},[64,63897,103],{"class":95},[64,63899,120],{"class":99},[64,63901,123],{"class":95},[64,63903,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63905,56338],{"class":95},[64,63907,100],{"class":99},[64,63909,103],{"class":95},[64,63911,106],{"class":99},[64,63913,103],{"class":95},[64,63915,10169],{"class":99},[64,63917,109],{"class":95},[64,63919,112],{"class":95},[64,63921,115],{"class":99},[64,63923,103],{"class":95},[64,63925,120],{"class":99},[64,63927,123],{"class":95},[14,63929,63930],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63932,63933,63934,137],{},"For more on this, see ",[543,63935,13752],{"href":1929},[49,63937,63939],{"id":63938},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63941,63942,63943,137],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[61,63944,24735],{},[816,63946,63948],{"id":63947},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[54,63950,63952],{"className":56,"code":63951,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[61,63953,63954,63994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,63955,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63957,12829],{"class":74},[64,63959,92],{"class":91},[64,63961,1415],{"class":95},[64,63963,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63965,7637],{"class":1422},[64,63967,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63969,1117],{"class":95},[64,63971,3315],{"class":1418},[64,63973,7891],{"class":1422},[64,63975,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63977,103],{"class":95},[64,63979,3315],{"class":1418},[64,63981,19845],{"class":1422},[64,63983,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63985,1117],{"class":95},[64,63987,3315],{"class":1418},[64,63989,22198],{"class":1422},[64,63991,1419],{"class":1418},[64,63993,9280],{"class":95},[64,63995,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,63997,212],{"class":211},[64,63999,144],{"class":95},[64,64001,8064],{"class":1778},[64,64003,144],{"class":95},[64,64005,13589],{"class":140},[64,64007,1737],{"class":95},[14,64009,2035],{},[54,64011,64013],{"className":56,"code":64012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'grade']\n",[61,64014,64015],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64016,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64018,184],{"class":95},[64,64020,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64022,7637],{"class":1422},[64,64024,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64026,103],{"class":95},[64,64028,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64030,19845],{"class":1422},[64,64032,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64034,746],{"class":95},[816,64036,64038],{"id":64037},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[54,64040,64042],{"className":56,"code":64041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[61,64043,64044,64084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64045,64046,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64047,12829],{"class":74},[64,64049,92],{"class":91},[64,64051,1415],{"class":95},[64,64053,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64055,7637],{"class":1422},[64,64057,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64059,1117],{"class":95},[64,64061,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64063,7891],{"class":1422},[64,64065,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64067,103],{"class":95},[64,64069,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64071,19845],{"class":1422},[64,64073,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64075,1117],{"class":95},[64,64077,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64079,22198],{"class":1422},[64,64081,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64083,9280],{"class":95},[64,64085,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,64087,212],{"class":211},[64,64089,144],{"class":95},[64,64091,8064],{"class":1778},[64,64093,144],{"class":95},[64,64095,13589],{"class":140},[64,64097,137],{"class":95},[64,64099,5325],{"class":140},[64,64101,6259],{"class":95},[14,64103,2035],{},[54,64105,64107],{"className":56,"code":64106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[61,64108,64109],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64110,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64112,184],{"class":95},[64,64114,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64116,7891],{"class":1422},[64,64118,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64120,103],{"class":95},[64,64122,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64124,22198],{"class":1422},[64,64126,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64128,746],{"class":95},[816,64130,64132],{"id":64131},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[54,64134,64136],{"className":56,"code":64135,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[61,64137,64138,64178],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64139,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64141,12829],{"class":74},[64,64143,92],{"class":91},[64,64145,1415],{"class":95},[64,64147,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64149,7637],{"class":1422},[64,64151,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64153,1117],{"class":95},[64,64155,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64157,7891],{"class":1422},[64,64159,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64161,103],{"class":95},[64,64163,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64165,19845],{"class":1422},[64,64167,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64169,1117],{"class":95},[64,64171,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64173,22198],{"class":1422},[64,64175,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64177,9280],{"class":95},[64,64179,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,64181,212],{"class":211},[64,64183,144],{"class":95},[64,64185,8064],{"class":1778},[64,64187,144],{"class":95},[64,64189,13589],{"class":140},[64,64191,137],{"class":95},[64,64193,7779],{"class":140},[64,64195,6259],{"class":95},[14,64197,2035],{},[54,64199,64201],{"className":56,"code":64200,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[61,64202,64203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64204,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64206,21693],{"class":95},[64,64208,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64210,7637],{"class":1422},[64,64212,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64214,103],{"class":95},[64,64216,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64218,7891],{"class":1422},[64,64220,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64222,1727],{"class":95},[64,64224,9207],{"class":95},[64,64226,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64228,19845],{"class":1422},[64,64230,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64232,103],{"class":95},[64,64234,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64236,22198],{"class":1422},[64,64238,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64240,9220],{"class":95},[14,64242,64243],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[49,64245,64247],{"id":64246},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64249,256,64250,10573],{},[61,64251,24735],{},[21,64253,64254,64262,64271],{},[24,64255,64256,64257,2839,64259],{},"you need list methods like ",[61,64258,52612],{},[61,64260,64261],{},"sort()",[24,64263,64264,64265,2839,64267,64270],{},"you want to convert ",[61,64266,36155],{},[61,64268,64269],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[24,64272,64273],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64275,45998,64276,1117],{},[61,64277,64269],{},[54,64279,64281],{"className":56,"code":64280,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[61,64282,64283,64307,64323,64327,64350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64284,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64286,4959],{"class":74},[64,64288,92],{"class":91},[64,64290,112],{"class":95},[64,64292,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64294,12846],{"class":1422},[64,64296,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64298,103],{"class":95},[64,64300,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64302,35898],{"class":1422},[64,64304,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64306,746],{"class":95},[64,64308,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,64310,5028],{"class":74},[64,64312,92],{"class":91},[64,64314,112],{"class":95},[64,64316,13467],{"class":99},[64,64318,103],{"class":95},[64,64320,13472],{"class":99},[64,64322,746],{"class":95},[64,64324,64325],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,64326,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,64328,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,64330,9187],{"class":74},[64,64332,92],{"class":91},[64,64334,22513],{"class":1778},[64,64336,144],{"class":95},[64,64338,64339],{"class":211},"zip",[64,64341,144],{"class":95},[64,64343,5003],{"class":140},[64,64345,103],{"class":95},[64,64347,5075],{"class":140},[64,64349,1737],{"class":95},[64,64351,64352,64354,64356,64358],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,64353,212],{"class":211},[64,64355,144],{"class":95},[64,64357,9233],{"class":140},[64,64359,150],{"class":95},[14,64361,2035],{},[54,64363,64365],{"className":56,"code":64364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[61,64366,64367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64368,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64370,21693],{"class":95},[64,64372,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64374,12846],{"class":1422},[64,64376,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64378,103],{"class":95},[64,64380,19852],{"class":99},[64,64382,1727],{"class":95},[64,64384,9207],{"class":95},[64,64386,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64388,35898],{"class":1422},[64,64390,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64392,103],{"class":95},[64,64394,13472],{"class":99},[64,64396,9220],{"class":95},[14,64398,64399,64400,64402,64403,137],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[61,64401,52612],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[543,64404,53009],{"href":53008},[49,64406,4483],{"id":4482},[14,64408,56728,64409,137],{},[61,64410,24735],{},[816,64412,64414],{"id":64413},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64416,4490],{},[54,64418,64420],{"className":56,"code":64419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[61,64421,64422,64426],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64423,64424],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64425,4500],{"class":222},[64,64427,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,64429,8064],{"class":1778},[64,64431,144],{"class":95},[64,64433,100],{"class":99},[64,64435,103],{"class":95},[64,64437,106],{"class":99},[64,64439,103],{"class":95},[64,64441,743],{"class":99},[64,64443,150],{"class":95},[14,64445,64446,64448],{},[61,64447,24735],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64450,18648],{},[54,64452,64454],{"className":56,"code":64453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[61,64455,64456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64457,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64459,212],{"class":211},[64,64461,144],{"class":95},[64,64463,8064],{"class":1778},[64,64465,5478],{"class":95},[64,64467,100],{"class":99},[64,64469,103],{"class":95},[64,64471,106],{"class":99},[64,64473,103],{"class":95},[64,64475,743],{"class":99},[64,64477,2873],{"class":95},[816,64479,64481,64482],{"id":64480},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[64,64483,64484],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64486,64487],{},"This is a common surprise:",[54,64489,64491],{"className":56,"code":64490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[61,64492,64493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64494,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64496,212],{"class":211},[64,64498,144],{"class":95},[64,64500,8064],{"class":1778},[64,64502,144],{"class":95},[64,64504,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64506,3809],{"class":1422},[64,64508,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64510,1737],{"class":95},[14,64512,2035],{},[54,64514,64516],{"className":56,"code":64515,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[61,64517,64518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64519,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64521,184],{"class":95},[64,64523,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64525,60387],{"class":1422},[64,64527,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64529,103],{"class":95},[64,64531,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64533,60396],{"class":1422},[64,64535,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64537,103],{"class":95},[64,64539,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64541,60405],{"class":1422},[64,64543,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64545,103],{"class":95},[64,64547,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64549,60405],{"class":1422},[64,64551,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64553,103],{"class":95},[64,64555,3256],{"class":1418},[64,64557,60422],{"class":1422},[64,64559,3261],{"class":1418},[64,64561,746],{"class":95},[14,64563,64564],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64566,64567],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[54,64569,64571],{"className":56,"code":64570,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[61,64572,64573],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64574,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64576,212],{"class":211},[64,64578,382],{"class":95},[64,64580,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64582,3809],{"class":1422},[64,64584,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64586,393],{"class":95},[816,64588,64590],{"id":64589},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64592,64593],{},"This:",[54,64595,64597],{"className":56,"code":64596,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[61,64598,64599,64631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64600,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64602,9137],{"class":74},[64,64604,92],{"class":91},[64,64606,1415],{"class":95},[64,64608,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64610,543],{"class":1422},[64,64612,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64614,1117],{"class":95},[64,64616,5465],{"class":99},[64,64618,103],{"class":95},[64,64620,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64622,1235],{"class":1422},[64,64624,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64626,1117],{"class":95},[64,64628,106],{"class":99},[64,64630,9280],{"class":95},[64,64632,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,64634,212],{"class":211},[64,64636,144],{"class":95},[64,64638,8064],{"class":1778},[64,64640,144],{"class":95},[64,64642,9176],{"class":140},[64,64644,1737],{"class":95},[14,64646,64647],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64649,256,64650,64653],{},[61,64651,64652],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[816,64655,64657],{"id":64656},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64659,64660,64662],{},[61,64661,24735],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64664,64665],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[49,64667,1826],{"id":1825},[816,64669,5145,64671,64673],{"id":64670},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[64,64672],{}," and list()?",[14,64675,64676,64677,64679,64680,64682],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[61,64678,3750],{}," is shorter. ",[61,64681,24735],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[816,64684,64686],{"id":64685},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64688,64689,64690,64692],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[61,64691,24735],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[816,64694,64696],{"id":64695},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64698,64699],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[816,64701,64703],{"id":64702},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64705,64706],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[816,64708,64710],{"id":64709},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64712,64713,64714,64716],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[61,64715,24735],{}," cannot loop through it.",[49,64718,1865],{"id":1864},[21,64720,64721,64725,64730,64734,64738,64742,64746,64751],{},[24,64722,64723],{},[543,64724,52731],{"href":50938},[24,64726,64727],{},[543,64728,64729],{"href":36152},"Python range() function explained",[24,64731,64732],{},[543,64733,63167],{"href":63166},[24,64735,64736],{},[543,64737,63499],{"href":63498},[24,64739,64740],{},[543,64741,5182],{"href":5554},[24,64743,64744],{},[543,64745,13752],{"href":1929},[24,64747,64748],{},[543,64749,64750],{"href":52559},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[24,64752,64753],{},[543,64754,54237],{"href":53008},[1898,64756,64757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":64759},[64760,64761,64762,64763,64764,64771,64772,64773,64778,64779,64786,64794],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":62869,"depth":78,"text":62870},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":59568,"depth":78,"text":59569},{"id":63097,"depth":78,"text":63098,"children":64765},[64766,64767,64768,64769,64770],{"id":63101,"depth":85,"text":63102},{"id":63170,"depth":85,"text":63171},{"id":63248,"depth":85,"text":63249},{"id":63323,"depth":85,"text":63324},{"id":63390,"depth":85,"text":63391},{"id":63502,"depth":78,"text":63503},{"id":63638,"depth":78,"text":63639},{"id":63938,"depth":78,"text":63939,"children":64774},[64775,64776,64777],{"id":63947,"depth":85,"text":63948},{"id":64037,"depth":85,"text":64038},{"id":64131,"depth":85,"text":64132},{"id":64246,"depth":78,"text":64247},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":64780},[64781,64782,64784,64785],{"id":64413,"depth":85,"text":64414},{"id":64480,"depth":85,"text":64783},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64589,"depth":85,"text":64590},{"id":64656,"depth":85,"text":64657},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":64787},[64788,64790,64791,64792,64793],{"id":64670,"depth":85,"text":64789},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64685,"depth":85,"text":64686},{"id":64695,"depth":85,"text":64696},{"id":64702,"depth":85,"text":64703},{"id":64709,"depth":85,"text":64710},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62703,"description":64795},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64802,"title":64803,"body":64804,"description":66155,"extension":1927,"meta":66156,"navigation":81,"path":66157,"seo":66158,"stem":66159,"__hash__":66160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64805,"toc":66129},[64806,64811,64817,64826,64828,64901,64910,64915,64919,64935,64939,64941,64943,64962,64965,64993,64996,65021,65029,65031,65036,65043,65045,65102,65104,65112,65118,65122,65125,65198,65200,65208,65211,65234,65241,65247,65251,65257,65328,65330,65338,65347,65354,65361,65369,65513,65515,65532,65535,65574,65577,65581,65586,65588,65647,65653,65656,65763,65765,65780,65783,65790,65792,65796,65944,65947,66008,66011,66014,66035,66040,66044,66055,66058,66060,66065,66068,66076,66081,66087,66090,66096,66104,66106,66126],[10,64807,54301,64809,11295],{"id":64808},"python-list-index-method",[61,64810,58916],{},[14,64812,64813,64816],{},[61,64814,64815],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64818,64819,64820,64823,64824,137],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[37,64821,64822],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[61,64825,40662],{},[49,64827,3572],{"id":3571},[54,64829,64831],{"className":56,"code":64830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[61,64832,64833,64865,64888],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64834,64835,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64836,7749],{"class":74},[64,64838,92],{"class":91},[64,64840,112],{"class":95},[64,64842,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64844,4043],{"class":1422},[64,64846,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64848,103],{"class":95},[64,64850,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64852,4052],{"class":1422},[64,64854,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64856,103],{"class":95},[64,64858,3315],{"class":1418},[64,64860,4061],{"class":1422},[64,64862,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64864,746],{"class":95},[64,64866,64867,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,64868,64869],{"class":74},"position ",[64,64871,92],{"class":91},[64,64873,5934],{"class":74},[64,64875,137],{"class":95},[64,64877,35803],{"class":140},[64,64879,144],{"class":95},[64,64881,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64883,4052],{"class":1422},[64,64885,1419],{"class":1418},[64,64887,150],{"class":95},[64,64889,64890,64892,64894,64897,64899],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,64891,212],{"class":211},[64,64893,144],{"class":95},[64,64895,64896],{"class":140},"position",[64,64898,219],{"class":95},[64,64900,27733],{"class":222},[14,64902,256,64903,64906,64907,64909],{},[61,64904,64905],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[61,64908,40662],{}," if the item is not found.",[49,64911,3639,64913,3642],{"id":64912},"what-listindex-does",[61,64914,64815],{},[14,64916,64917,1117],{},[61,64918,64815],{},[21,64920,64921,64924,64927,64932],{},[24,64922,64923],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[24,64925,64926],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[24,64928,64929,64930],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[61,64931,187],{},[24,64933,64934],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64936,54526,64937,137],{},[543,64938,52731],{"href":54529},[49,64940,2120],{"id":2119},[14,64942,30680],{},[54,64944,64946],{"className":56,"code":64945,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.index(value)\n",[61,64947,64948],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64949,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64951,8309],{"class":74},[64,64953,137],{"class":95},[64,64955,35803],{"class":140},[64,64957,144],{"class":95},[64,64959,2436],{"class":140},[64,64961,150],{"class":95},[14,64963,64964],{},"You can also limit the search:",[54,64966,64968],{"className":56,"code":64967,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[61,64969,64970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,64971,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64991],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64973,8309],{"class":74},[64,64975,137],{"class":95},[64,64977,35803],{"class":140},[64,64979,144],{"class":95},[64,64981,2436],{"class":140},[64,64983,103],{"class":95},[64,64985,36009],{"class":140},[64,64987,103],{"class":95},[64,64989,64990],{"class":140}," end",[64,64992,150],{"class":95},[14,64994,64995],{},"Here is what each part means:",[21,64997,64998,65003,65008,65013],{},[24,64999,65000,65002],{},[61,65001,2436],{},": the item to search for",[24,65004,65005,65007],{},[61,65006,36030],{},": where the search begins",[24,65009,65010,65012],{},[61,65011,52620],{},": where the search stops",[24,65014,65015,4747,65017,65020],{},[61,65016,52620],{},[37,65018,65019],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65022,65023,65024,65026,65027,137],{},"This means Python searches from ",[61,65025,36030],{}," up to, but not including, ",[61,65028,52620],{},[49,65030,37977],{"id":37976},[14,65032,65033,65035],{},[61,65034,64815],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65037,65038,65039,65042],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[37,65040,65041],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65044,318],{},[54,65046,65048],{"className":56,"code":65047,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,65049,65050,65070,65088,65092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65051,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65053,1161],{"class":74},[64,65055,92],{"class":91},[64,65057,112],{"class":95},[64,65059,1432],{"class":99},[64,65061,103],{"class":95},[64,65063,1437],{"class":99},[64,65065,103],{"class":95},[64,65067,7764],{"class":99},[64,65069,746],{"class":95},[64,65071,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65073,2194],{"class":74},[64,65075,92],{"class":91},[64,65077,1191],{"class":74},[64,65079,137],{"class":95},[64,65081,35803],{"class":140},[64,65083,144],{"class":95},[64,65085,15707],{"class":99},[64,65087,150],{"class":95},[64,65089,65090],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,65091,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,65093,65094,65096,65098,65100],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,65095,212],{"class":211},[64,65097,144],{"class":95},[64,65099,2229],{"class":140},[64,65101,150],{"class":95},[14,65103,2035],{},[54,65105,65106],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,65107,65108],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65109,65110],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65111,46875],{"class":99},[14,65113,65114,65115,65117],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[61,65116,58916],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[49,65119,65121],{"id":65120},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65123,65124],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[54,65126,65128],{"className":56,"code":65127,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[61,65129,65130,65162,65184,65188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65131,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65133,36196],{"class":74},[64,65135,92],{"class":91},[64,65137,112],{"class":95},[64,65139,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65141,4043],{"class":1422},[64,65143,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65145,103],{"class":95},[64,65147,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65149,4052],{"class":1422},[64,65151,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65153,103],{"class":95},[64,65155,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65157,4061],{"class":1422},[64,65159,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65161,746],{"class":95},[64,65163,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65165,64869],{"class":74},[64,65167,92],{"class":91},[64,65169,52811],{"class":74},[64,65171,137],{"class":95},[64,65173,35803],{"class":140},[64,65175,144],{"class":95},[64,65177,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65179,4061],{"class":1422},[64,65181,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65183,150],{"class":95},[64,65185,65186],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,65187,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,65189,65190,65192,65194,65196],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,65191,212],{"class":211},[64,65193,144],{"class":95},[64,65195,64896],{"class":140},[64,65197,150],{"class":95},[14,65199,2035],{},[54,65201,65202],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,65203,65204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65205,65206],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65207,17009],{"class":99},[14,65209,65210],{},"In this list:",[21,65212,65213,65220,65227],{},[24,65214,65215,65217,65218],{},[61,65216,57782],{}," is at index ",[61,65219,187],{},[24,65221,65222,65217,65225],{},[61,65223,65224],{},"\"banana\"",[61,65226,100],{},[24,65228,65229,65217,65232],{},[61,65230,65231],{},"\"cherry\"",[61,65233,2021],{},[14,65235,53612,65236,2361,65239,137],{},[61,65237,65238],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[61,65240,2021],{},[14,65242,51502,65243,137],{},[543,65244,65246],{"href":65245},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[49,65248,65250],{"id":65249},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65252,65253,65254,65256],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[61,65255,58916],{}," returns the first match only.",[54,65258,65260],{"className":56,"code":65259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[61,65261,65262,65302,65306],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65263,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65265,13041],{"class":74},[64,65267,92],{"class":91},[64,65269,112],{"class":95},[64,65271,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65273,13058],{"class":1422},[64,65275,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65277,103],{"class":95},[64,65279,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65281,13075],{"class":1422},[64,65283,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65285,103],{"class":95},[64,65287,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65289,13058],{"class":1422},[64,65291,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65293,103],{"class":95},[64,65295,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65297,17409],{"class":1422},[64,65299,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65301,746],{"class":95},[64,65303,65304],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65305,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,65307,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,65309,212],{"class":211},[64,65311,144],{"class":95},[64,65313,17456],{"class":140},[64,65315,137],{"class":95},[64,65317,35803],{"class":140},[64,65319,144],{"class":95},[64,65321,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65323,13058],{"class":1422},[64,65325,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65327,1737],{"class":95},[14,65329,2035],{},[54,65331,65332],{"className":56,"code":47210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,65333,65334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65335,65336],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65337,47210],{"class":99},[14,65339,20931,65340,65343,65344,65346],{},[61,65341,65342],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[61,65345,187],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65348,65349,65350,137],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[543,65351,55477,65352,1248],{"href":58975},[61,65353,57239],{},[49,65355,1654,65357,40,65359],{"id":65356},"using-start-and-end",[61,65358,36030],{},[61,65360,52620],{},[14,65362,65363,65364,40,65366,65368],{},"The optional ",[61,65365,36030],{},[61,65367,52620],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[54,65370,65372],{"className":56,"code":65371,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[61,65373,65374,65422,65426,65451,65480],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65375,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384,65386,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65377,36048],{"class":74},[64,65379,92],{"class":91},[64,65381,112],{"class":95},[64,65383,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65385,543],{"class":1422},[64,65387,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65389,103],{"class":95},[64,65391,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65393,1235],{"class":1422},[64,65395,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65397,103],{"class":95},[64,65399,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65401,9711],{"class":1422},[64,65403,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65405,103],{"class":95},[64,65407,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65409,1235],{"class":1422},[64,65411,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65413,103],{"class":95},[64,65415,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65417,18721],{"class":1422},[64,65419,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65421,746],{"class":95},[64,65423,65424],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65425,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,65427,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,65429,212],{"class":211},[64,65431,144],{"class":95},[64,65433,36101],{"class":140},[64,65435,137],{"class":95},[64,65437,35803],{"class":140},[64,65439,144],{"class":95},[64,65441,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65443,1235],{"class":1422},[64,65445,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65447,5328],{"class":95},[64,65449,65450],{"class":222},"        # first match\n",[64,65452,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,65454,212],{"class":211},[64,65456,144],{"class":95},[64,65458,36101],{"class":140},[64,65460,137],{"class":95},[64,65462,35803],{"class":140},[64,65464,144],{"class":95},[64,65466,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65468,1235],{"class":1422},[64,65470,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65472,103],{"class":95},[64,65474,106],{"class":99},[64,65476,5328],{"class":95},[64,65478,65479],{"class":222},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[64,65481,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,65483,212],{"class":211},[64,65485,144],{"class":95},[64,65487,36101],{"class":140},[64,65489,137],{"class":95},[64,65491,35803],{"class":140},[64,65493,144],{"class":95},[64,65495,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65497,1235],{"class":1422},[64,65499,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65501,103],{"class":95},[64,65503,5465],{"class":99},[64,65505,103],{"class":95},[64,65507,120],{"class":99},[64,65509,5328],{"class":95},[64,65511,65512],{"class":222},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65514,2035],{},[54,65516,65518],{"className":56,"code":65517,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n3\n1\n",[61,65519,65520,65524,65528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65521,65522],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65523,46875],{"class":99},[64,65525,65526],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65527,46575],{"class":99},[64,65529,65530],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,65531,46875],{"class":99},[14,65533,65534],{},"How this works:",[21,65536,65537,65549,65562],{},[24,65538,65539,65542,65543,65546,65547],{},[61,65540,65541],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[61,65544,65545],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[61,65548,100],{},[24,65550,65551,65554,65555,65557,65558,65546,65560],{},[61,65552,65553],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[61,65556,2021],{},", so it finds the next ",[61,65559,65545],{},[61,65561,115],{},[24,65563,65564,65567,65568,2153,65570,17025,65572],{},[61,65565,65566],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[61,65569,100],{},[61,65571,2021],{},[61,65573,115],{},[14,65575,65576],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[49,65578,65580],{"id":65579},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65582,65583,65584,137],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[61,65585,40662],{},[14,65587,318],{},[54,65589,65591],{"className":56,"code":65590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[61,65592,65593,65625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65594,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65596,7749],{"class":74},[64,65598,92],{"class":91},[64,65600,112],{"class":95},[64,65602,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65604,4043],{"class":1422},[64,65606,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65608,103],{"class":95},[64,65610,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65612,4052],{"class":1422},[64,65614,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65616,103],{"class":95},[64,65618,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65620,4061],{"class":1422},[64,65622,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65624,746],{"class":95},[64,65626,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65628,212],{"class":211},[64,65630,144],{"class":95},[64,65632,7779],{"class":140},[64,65634,137],{"class":95},[64,65636,35803],{"class":140},[64,65638,144],{"class":95},[64,65640,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65642,33177],{"class":1422},[64,65644,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65646,1737],{"class":95},[14,65648,39611,65649,65652],{},[61,65650,65651],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65654,65655],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[54,65657,65659],{"className":56,"code":65658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[61,65660,65661,65693,65706,65710,65723,65742,65748],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65662,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65664,7749],{"class":74},[64,65666,92],{"class":91},[64,65668,112],{"class":95},[64,65670,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65672,4043],{"class":1422},[64,65674,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65676,103],{"class":95},[64,65678,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65680,4052],{"class":1422},[64,65682,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65684,103],{"class":95},[64,65686,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65688,4061],{"class":1422},[64,65690,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65692,746],{"class":95},[64,65694,65695,65698,65700,65702,65704],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65696,65697],{"class":74},"search_value ",[64,65699,92],{"class":91},[64,65701,3315],{"class":1418},[64,65703,33177],{"class":1422},[64,65705,3321],{"class":1418},[64,65707,65708],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,65709,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,65711,65712,65714,65717,65719,65721],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,65713,6965],{"class":70},[64,65715,65716],{"class":74}," search_value ",[64,65718,3847],{"class":91},[64,65720,5934],{"class":74},[64,65722,6363],{"class":95},[64,65724,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65740],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,65726,8039],{"class":211},[64,65728,144],{"class":95},[64,65730,7779],{"class":140},[64,65732,137],{"class":95},[64,65734,35803],{"class":140},[64,65736,144],{"class":95},[64,65738,65739],{"class":140},"search_value",[64,65741,1737],{"class":95},[64,65743,65744,65746],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,65745,27388],{"class":70},[64,65747,6363],{"class":95},[64,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756,65759,65761],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,65751,8039],{"class":211},[64,65753,144],{"class":95},[64,65755,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65757,65758],{"class":1422},"Item not found",[64,65760,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65762,150],{"class":95},[14,65764,2035],{},[54,65766,65768],{"className":56,"code":65767,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Item not found\n",[61,65769,65770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65771,65772,65775,65777],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65773,65774],{"class":74},"Item ",[64,65776,300],{"class":91},[64,65778,65779],{"class":74}," found\n",[14,65781,65782],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65784,65785,65786,137],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[543,65787,65789],{"href":65788},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[49,65791,4483],{"id":4482},[14,65793,21164,65794,1117],{},[61,65795,64815],{},[21,65797,65798,65816,65828,65888],{},[24,65799,25729,65800,2361,65802,65805,65806,65808,65809,5126,65811,65813,65814,137],{},[61,65801,58916],{},[61,65803,65804],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9818,65807],{},"\nPython does ",[37,65810,300],{},[61,65812,65804],{},". It raises ",[61,65815,40662],{},[24,65817,65818,65819,65821,65824,65825,65827],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9818,65820],{},[61,65822,65823],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[61,65826,65224],{},", not the value itself.",[24,65829,1654,65830,11064,65833,65835,65837,65838,16608,65840,65863,16596,65865],{},[61,65831,65832],{},"index[]",[61,65834,58916],{},[9818,65836],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9818,65839],{},[54,65841,65843],{"className":56,"code":65842,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[61,65844,65845],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65846,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65848,7779],{"class":74},[64,65850,137],{"class":95},[64,65852,35803],{"class":140},[64,65854,144],{"class":95},[64,65856,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65858,4052],{"class":1422},[64,65860,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65862,150],{"class":95},[9818,65864],{},[54,65866,65868],{"className":56,"code":65867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[61,65869,65870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65871,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65873,7779],{"class":74},[64,65875,137],{"class":95},[64,65877,35803],{"class":24704},[64,65879,184],{"class":95},[64,65881,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65883,4052],{"class":1422},[64,65885,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65887,746],{"class":95},[24,65889,65890,65891,65893,40,65896,65898,65899],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9818,65892],{},[61,65894,65895],{},"\"3\"",[61,65897,115],{}," are different values in Python.",[54,65900,65902],{"className":56,"code":65901,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[61,65903,65904,65924],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65905,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65907,1161],{"class":74},[64,65909,92],{"class":91},[64,65911,112],{"class":95},[64,65913,100],{"class":99},[64,65915,103],{"class":95},[64,65917,106],{"class":99},[64,65919,103],{"class":95},[64,65921,743],{"class":99},[64,65923,746],{"class":95},[64,65925,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65927,212],{"class":211},[64,65929,144],{"class":95},[64,65931,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65933,115],{"class":1422},[64,65935,1419],{"class":1418},[64,65937,21127],{"class":70},[64,65939,1191],{"class":140},[64,65941,219],{"class":95},[64,65943,4735],{"class":222},[14,65945,65946],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[54,65948,65950],{"className":56,"code":65949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[61,65951,65952,65962,65976,65990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,65953,65954,65956,65958,65960],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65955,212],{"class":211},[64,65957,144],{"class":95},[64,65959,8309],{"class":140},[64,65961,150],{"class":95},[64,65963,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,65965,212],{"class":211},[64,65967,144],{"class":95},[64,65969,1779],{"class":1778},[64,65971,144],{"class":95},[64,65973,65739],{"class":140},[64,65975,1737],{"class":95},[64,65977,65978,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,65979,212],{"class":211},[64,65981,144],{"class":95},[64,65983,65697],{"class":140},[64,65985,3847],{"class":70},[64,65987,8366],{"class":140},[64,65989,150],{"class":95},[64,65991,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,65993,212],{"class":211},[64,65995,144],{"class":95},[64,65997,8309],{"class":140},[64,65999,137],{"class":95},[64,66001,35803],{"class":140},[64,66003,144],{"class":95},[64,66005,65739],{"class":140},[64,66007,1737],{"class":95},[14,66009,66010],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66012,66013],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[21,66015,66016,66019,66026,66032],{},[24,66017,66018],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[24,66020,66021,66022,11064,66024],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[61,66023,65895],{},[61,66025,115],{},[24,66027,66028,66029,66031],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[61,66030,58916],{}," returns only the first one",[24,66033,66034],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[49,66036,4925,66038],{"id":66037},"when-to-use-index",[61,66039,58916],{},[14,66041,256,66042,10573],{},[61,66043,58916],{},[21,66045,66046,66049,66052],{},[24,66047,66048],{},"You need the position of a known value",[24,66050,66051],{},"You are working with a small list",[24,66053,66054],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66056,66057],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[49,66059,1826],{"id":1825},[816,66061,5107,66063,5110],{"id":66062},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[61,66064,64815],{},[14,66066,66067],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[816,66069,12670,66071,5126,66073,66075],{"id":66070},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[61,66072,64815],{},[61,66074,65804],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66077,66078,66079,6598],{},"No. It raises ",[61,66080,40662],{},[816,66082,5135,66084,66086],{"id":66083},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[61,66085,64815],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66088,66089],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[816,66091,66093,66094,2456],{"id":66092},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[61,66095,58916],{},[14,66097,66098,66099,40,66101,66103],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[61,66100,36030],{},[61,66102,52620],{}," arguments.",[49,66105,1865],{"id":1864},[21,66107,66108,66112,66116,66120],{},[24,66109,66110],{},[543,66111,58904],{"href":65245},[24,66113,66114],{},[543,66115,52731],{"href":54529},[24,66117,66118],{},[543,66119,65789],{"href":65788},[24,66121,66122],{},[543,66123,55477,66124,1248],{"href":58975},[61,66125,57239],{},[1898,66127,66128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":66130},[66131,66132,66134,66135,66136,66137,66138,66140,66141,66142,66144,66154],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":64912,"depth":78,"text":66133},"What list.index() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":37976,"depth":78,"text":37977},{"id":65120,"depth":78,"text":65121},{"id":65249,"depth":78,"text":65250},{"id":65356,"depth":78,"text":66139},"Using start and end",{"id":65579,"depth":78,"text":65580},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483},{"id":66037,"depth":78,"text":66143},"When to use index()",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":66145},[66146,66148,66150,66152],{"id":66062,"depth":85,"text":66147},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66070,"depth":85,"text":66149},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66083,"depth":85,"text":66151},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66092,"depth":85,"text":66153},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64803,"description":66155},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66162,"title":66163,"body":66164,"description":68106,"extension":1927,"meta":68107,"navigation":81,"path":68108,"seo":68109,"stem":68110,"__hash__":68111},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66165,"toc":68066},[66166,66171,66176,66179,66188,66245,66251,66256,66260,66274,66280,66282,66305,66322,66324,66385,66387,66419,66432,66434,66437,66537,66539,66617,66623,66627,66635,66639,66645,66700,66702,66726,66730,66733,66786,66788,66812,66816,66819,66872,66874,66898,66902,66908,66979,66981,67022,67028,67035,67038,67043,67051,67056,67064,67066,67163,67165,67234,67241,67246,67248,67252,67257,67259,67330,67332,67361,67367,67369,67396,67399,67422,67426,67429,67451,67454,67477,67479,67539,67541,67573,67579,67584,67637,67639,67664,67667,67716,67718,67739,67743,67748,67751,67806,67808,67835,67842,67846,67851,67922,67925,67939,67944,67949,67951,67965,67977,67982,67984,67989,67994,67998,68001,68007,68013,68020,68028,68030,68063],[10,66167,54301,66169,11295],{"id":66168},"python-list-insert-method",[61,66170,54227],{},[14,66172,66173,66175],{},[61,66174,53870],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66177,66178],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66180,256,66181,66183,66184,137],{},[61,66182,54227],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[543,66185,55477,66186,1248],{"href":56721},[61,66187,52612],{},[54,66189,66191],{"className":56,"code":66190,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,66192,66193,66213,66231,66241],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66194,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66196,1161],{"class":74},[64,66198,92],{"class":91},[64,66200,112],{"class":95},[64,66202,100],{"class":99},[64,66204,103],{"class":95},[64,66206,106],{"class":99},[64,66208,103],{"class":95},[64,66210,120],{"class":99},[64,66212,746],{"class":95},[64,66214,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66216,3611],{"class":74},[64,66218,137],{"class":95},[64,66220,53910],{"class":140},[64,66222,144],{"class":95},[64,66224,2021],{"class":99},[64,66226,103],{"class":95},[64,66228,743],{"class":99},[64,66230,150],{"class":95},[64,66232,66233,66235,66237,66239],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,66234,212],{"class":211},[64,66236,144],{"class":95},[64,66238,3611],{"class":140},[64,66240,150],{"class":95},[64,66242,66243],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,66244,52683],{"class":222},[14,66246,256,66247,66250],{},[61,66248,66249],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[49,66252,3639,66254,3642],{"id":66253},"what-listinsert-does",[61,66255,53870],{},[14,66257,66258,1117],{},[61,66259,53870],{},[21,66261,66262,66265,66268,66270],{},[24,66263,66264],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[24,66266,66267],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[24,66269,54387],{},[24,66271,11397,66272],{},[61,66273,3741],{},[14,66275,66276,66277,66279],{},"That last point is important. ",[61,66278,54227],{}," does not create a new list.",[49,66281,5398],{"id":5397},[54,66283,66285],{"className":56,"code":66284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[61,66286,66287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66288,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66290,8309],{"class":74},[64,66292,137],{"class":95},[64,66294,53910],{"class":140},[64,66296,144],{"class":95},[64,66298,35803],{"class":140},[64,66300,103],{"class":95},[64,66302,29461],{"class":140},[64,66304,150],{"class":95},[21,66306,66307,66312,66317],{},[24,66308,66309,66311],{},[61,66310,35803],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[24,66313,66314,66316],{},[61,66315,23264],{}," is the value to add",[24,66318,66319,66320],{},"The first list position is index ",[61,66321,187],{},[14,66323,318],{},[54,66325,66327],{"className":56,"code":66326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,66328,66329,66353,66375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66330,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66332,36048],{"class":74},[64,66334,92],{"class":91},[64,66336,112],{"class":95},[64,66338,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66340,543],{"class":1422},[64,66342,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66344,103],{"class":95},[64,66346,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66348,9711],{"class":1422},[64,66350,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66352,746],{"class":95},[64,66354,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66356,36101],{"class":74},[64,66358,137],{"class":95},[64,66360,53910],{"class":140},[64,66362,144],{"class":95},[64,66364,100],{"class":99},[64,66366,103],{"class":95},[64,66368,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66370,1235],{"class":1422},[64,66372,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66374,150],{"class":95},[64,66376,66377,66379,66381,66383],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,66378,212],{"class":211},[64,66380,144],{"class":95},[64,66382,36101],{"class":140},[64,66384,150],{"class":95},[14,66386,2035],{},[54,66388,66389],{"className":56,"code":42835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,66390,66391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66392,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66394,184],{"class":95},[64,66396,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66398,543],{"class":1422},[64,66400,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66402,103],{"class":95},[64,66404,3256],{"class":1418},[64,66406,1235],{"class":1422},[64,66408,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66410,103],{"class":95},[64,66412,3256],{"class":1418},[64,66414,9711],{"class":1422},[64,66416,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66418,746],{"class":95},[14,66420,20724,66421,66423,66424,66426,66427,40,66429,137],{},[61,66422,65545],{}," is inserted at index ",[61,66425,100],{},", so it appears between ",[61,66428,18049],{},[61,66430,66431],{},"\"c\"",[49,66433,5755],{"id":5754},[14,66435,66436],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[54,66438,66440],{"className":56,"code":66439,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[61,66441,66442,66474,66492,66496,66518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66443,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66445,13041],{"class":74},[64,66447,92],{"class":91},[64,66449,112],{"class":95},[64,66451,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66453,13058],{"class":1422},[64,66455,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66457,103],{"class":95},[64,66459,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66461,13075],{"class":1422},[64,66463,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66465,103],{"class":95},[64,66467,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66469,17409],{"class":1422},[64,66471,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66473,746],{"class":95},[64,66475,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66477,212],{"class":211},[64,66479,144],{"class":95},[64,66481,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66483,11538],{"class":1422},[64,66485,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66487,103],{"class":95},[64,66489,13089],{"class":140},[64,66491,150],{"class":95},[64,66493,66494],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,66495,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,66497,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,66499,17456],{"class":74},[64,66501,137],{"class":95},[64,66503,53910],{"class":140},[64,66505,144],{"class":95},[64,66507,100],{"class":99},[64,66509,103],{"class":95},[64,66511,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66513,22477],{"class":1422},[64,66515,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66517,150],{"class":95},[64,66519,66520,66522,66524,66526,66529,66531,66533,66535],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,66521,212],{"class":211},[64,66523,144],{"class":95},[64,66525,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66527,66528],{"class":1422},"After: ",[64,66530,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66532,103],{"class":95},[64,66534,13089],{"class":140},[64,66536,150],{"class":95},[14,66538,2035],{},[54,66540,66542],{"className":56,"code":66541,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[61,66543,66544,66576],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66545,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66547,11597],{"class":74},[64,66549,1117],{"class":95},[64,66551,112],{"class":95},[64,66553,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66555,13058],{"class":1422},[64,66557,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66559,103],{"class":95},[64,66561,3256],{"class":1418},[64,66563,13075],{"class":1422},[64,66565,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66567,103],{"class":95},[64,66569,3256],{"class":1418},[64,66571,17409],{"class":1422},[64,66573,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66575,746],{"class":95},[64,66577,66578,66580,66582,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66579,11650],{"class":74},[64,66581,1117],{"class":95},[64,66583,66584],{"class":95},"  [",[64,66586,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66588,13058],{"class":1422},[64,66590,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66592,103],{"class":95},[64,66594,3256],{"class":1418},[64,66596,22477],{"class":1422},[64,66598,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66600,103],{"class":95},[64,66602,3256],{"class":1418},[64,66604,13075],{"class":1422},[64,66606,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66608,103],{"class":95},[64,66610,3256],{"class":1418},[64,66612,17409],{"class":1422},[64,66614,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66616,746],{"class":95},[14,66618,66619,66620,66622],{},"The new value appears at index ",[61,66621,100],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[49,66624,66626],{"id":66625},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66628,1944,66629,35286,66631,66634],{},[61,66630,35803],{},[61,66632,66633],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[816,66636,66638],{"id":66637},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66640,66641,66642,66644],{},"Use index ",[61,66643,187],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[54,66646,66648],{"className":56,"code":66647,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[61,66649,66650,66671,66690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66651,66652,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66653,66654],{"class":74},"nums ",[64,66656,92],{"class":91},[64,66658,112],{"class":95},[64,66660,2021],{"class":99},[64,66662,103],{"class":95},[64,66664,743],{"class":99},[64,66666,103],{"class":95},[64,66668,120],{"class":99},[64,66670,746],{"class":95},[64,66672,66673,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66674,66675],{"class":74},"nums",[64,66677,137],{"class":95},[64,66679,53910],{"class":140},[64,66681,144],{"class":95},[64,66683,187],{"class":99},[64,66685,103],{"class":95},[64,66687,5465],{"class":99},[64,66689,150],{"class":95},[64,66691,66692,66694,66696,66698],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,66693,212],{"class":211},[64,66695,144],{"class":95},[64,66697,66675],{"class":140},[64,66699,150],{"class":95},[14,66701,2035],{},[54,66703,66704],{"className":56,"code":53464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,66705,66706],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66707,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66709,184],{"class":95},[64,66711,100],{"class":99},[64,66713,103],{"class":95},[64,66715,106],{"class":99},[64,66717,103],{"class":95},[64,66719,743],{"class":99},[64,66721,103],{"class":95},[64,66723,120],{"class":99},[64,66725,746],{"class":95},[816,66727,66729],{"id":66728},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66731,66732],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[54,66734,66736],{"className":56,"code":66735,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[61,66737,66738,66758,66776],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66739,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66741,66654],{"class":74},[64,66743,92],{"class":91},[64,66745,112],{"class":95},[64,66747,100],{"class":99},[64,66749,103],{"class":95},[64,66751,106],{"class":99},[64,66753,103],{"class":95},[64,66755,120],{"class":99},[64,66757,746],{"class":95},[64,66759,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66761,66675],{"class":74},[64,66763,137],{"class":95},[64,66765,53910],{"class":140},[64,66767,144],{"class":95},[64,66769,2021],{"class":99},[64,66771,103],{"class":95},[64,66773,743],{"class":99},[64,66775,150],{"class":95},[64,66777,66778,66780,66782,66784],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,66779,212],{"class":211},[64,66781,144],{"class":95},[64,66783,66675],{"class":140},[64,66785,150],{"class":95},[14,66787,2035],{},[54,66789,66790],{"className":56,"code":53464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,66791,66792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66793,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806,66808,66810],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66795,184],{"class":95},[64,66797,100],{"class":99},[64,66799,103],{"class":95},[64,66801,106],{"class":99},[64,66803,103],{"class":95},[64,66805,743],{"class":99},[64,66807,103],{"class":95},[64,66809,120],{"class":99},[64,66811,746],{"class":95},[816,66813,66815],{"id":66814},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66817,66818],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[54,66820,66822],{"className":56,"code":66821,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[61,66823,66824,66844,66862],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66825,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66827,66654],{"class":74},[64,66829,92],{"class":91},[64,66831,112],{"class":95},[64,66833,100],{"class":99},[64,66835,103],{"class":95},[64,66837,106],{"class":99},[64,66839,103],{"class":95},[64,66841,743],{"class":99},[64,66843,746],{"class":95},[64,66845,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66847,66675],{"class":74},[64,66849,137],{"class":95},[64,66851,53910],{"class":140},[64,66853,144],{"class":95},[64,66855,1432],{"class":99},[64,66857,103],{"class":95},[64,66859,120],{"class":99},[64,66861,150],{"class":95},[64,66863,66864,66866,66868,66870],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,66865,212],{"class":211},[64,66867,144],{"class":95},[64,66869,66675],{"class":140},[64,66871,150],{"class":95},[14,66873,2035],{},[54,66875,66876],{"className":56,"code":53464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,66877,66878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66879,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66881,184],{"class":95},[64,66883,100],{"class":99},[64,66885,103],{"class":95},[64,66887,106],{"class":99},[64,66889,103],{"class":95},[64,66891,743],{"class":99},[64,66893,103],{"class":95},[64,66895,120],{"class":99},[64,66897,746],{"class":95},[816,66899,66901],{"id":66900},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66903,66904,66905,66907],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[61,66906,54227],{}," places the item before that position.",[54,66909,66911],{"className":56,"code":66910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,66912,66913,66945,66969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66914,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66916,36048],{"class":74},[64,66918,92],{"class":91},[64,66920,112],{"class":95},[64,66922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66924,543],{"class":1422},[64,66926,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66928,103],{"class":95},[64,66930,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66932,1235],{"class":1422},[64,66934,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66936,103],{"class":95},[64,66938,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66940,18721],{"class":1422},[64,66942,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66944,746],{"class":95},[64,66946,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,66948,36101],{"class":74},[64,66950,137],{"class":95},[64,66952,53910],{"class":140},[64,66954,144],{"class":95},[64,66956,1986],{"class":91},[64,66958,100],{"class":99},[64,66960,103],{"class":95},[64,66962,3315],{"class":1418},[64,66964,9711],{"class":1422},[64,66966,1419],{"class":1418},[64,66968,150],{"class":95},[64,66970,66971,66973,66975,66977],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,66972,212],{"class":211},[64,66974,144],{"class":95},[64,66976,36101],{"class":140},[64,66978,150],{"class":95},[14,66980,2035],{},[54,66982,66984],{"className":56,"code":66983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[61,66985,66986],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,66987,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66989,184],{"class":95},[64,66991,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66993,543],{"class":1422},[64,66995,3261],{"class":1418},[64,66997,103],{"class":95},[64,66999,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67001,1235],{"class":1422},[64,67003,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67005,103],{"class":95},[64,67007,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67009,9711],{"class":1422},[64,67011,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67013,103],{"class":95},[64,67015,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67017,18721],{"class":1422},[64,67019,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67021,746],{"class":95},[14,67023,67024,67025,2268],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[543,67026,67027],{"href":50938},"Python lists beginner guide",[49,67029,67031,10557,67033],{"id":67030},"insert-vs-append",[61,67032,54227],{},[61,67034,52612],{},[14,67036,67037],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[816,67039,256,67041,10573],{"id":67040},"use-insert-when",[61,67042,54227],{},[21,67044,67045,67048],{},[24,67046,67047],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[24,67049,67050],{},"The order of the list matters",[816,67052,256,67054,10573],{"id":67053},"use-append-when",[61,67055,52612],{},[21,67057,67058,67061],{},[24,67059,67060],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[24,67062,67063],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67065,318],{},[54,67067,67069],{"className":56,"code":67068,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[61,67070,67071,67095,67099,67121,67131,67135,67153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67072,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67074,7749],{"class":74},[64,67076,92],{"class":91},[64,67078,112],{"class":95},[64,67080,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67082,4043],{"class":1422},[64,67084,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67086,103],{"class":95},[64,67088,3315],{"class":1418},[64,67090,33177],{"class":1422},[64,67092,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67094,746],{"class":95},[64,67096,67097],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67098,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,67100,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,67102,7779],{"class":74},[64,67104,137],{"class":95},[64,67106,53910],{"class":140},[64,67108,144],{"class":95},[64,67110,100],{"class":99},[64,67112,103],{"class":95},[64,67114,3315],{"class":1418},[64,67116,4052],{"class":1422},[64,67118,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67120,150],{"class":95},[64,67122,67123,67125,67127,67129],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,67124,212],{"class":211},[64,67126,144],{"class":95},[64,67128,7779],{"class":140},[64,67130,150],{"class":95},[64,67132,67133],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,67134,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,67136,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,67138,7779],{"class":74},[64,67140,137],{"class":95},[64,67142,193],{"class":140},[64,67144,144],{"class":95},[64,67146,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67148,22486],{"class":1422},[64,67150,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67152,150],{"class":95},[64,67154,67155,67157,67159,67161],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,67156,212],{"class":211},[64,67158,144],{"class":95},[64,67160,7779],{"class":140},[64,67162,150],{"class":95},[14,67164,2035],{},[54,67166,67168],{"className":56,"code":67167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[61,67169,67170,67198],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67173,184],{"class":95},[64,67175,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67177,4043],{"class":1422},[64,67179,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67181,103],{"class":95},[64,67183,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67185,4052],{"class":1422},[64,67187,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67189,103],{"class":95},[64,67191,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67193,33177],{"class":1422},[64,67195,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67197,746],{"class":95},[64,67199,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67201,184],{"class":95},[64,67203,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67205,4043],{"class":1422},[64,67207,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67209,103],{"class":95},[64,67211,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67213,4052],{"class":1422},[64,67215,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67217,103],{"class":95},[64,67219,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67221,33177],{"class":1422},[64,67223,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67225,103],{"class":95},[64,67227,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67229,22486],{"class":1422},[64,67231,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67233,746],{"class":95},[14,67235,67236,67237,137],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[543,67238,55477,67239,1248],{"href":56721},[61,67240,52612],{},[14,67242,67243,67244,137],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[543,67245,53009],{"href":53008},[49,67247,4483],{"id":4482},[14,67249,14689,67250,137],{},[61,67251,54227],{},[816,67253,12561,67255],{"id":67254},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[61,67256,54227],{},[14,67258,25645],{},[54,67260,67262],{"className":56,"code":67261,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,67263,67264,67284,67306,67310,67320],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67265,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280,67282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67267,1161],{"class":74},[64,67269,92],{"class":91},[64,67271,112],{"class":95},[64,67273,100],{"class":99},[64,67275,103],{"class":95},[64,67277,106],{"class":99},[64,67279,103],{"class":95},[64,67281,743],{"class":99},[64,67283,746],{"class":95},[64,67285,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67287,2194],{"class":74},[64,67289,92],{"class":91},[64,67291,1191],{"class":74},[64,67293,137],{"class":95},[64,67295,53910],{"class":140},[64,67297,144],{"class":95},[64,67299,100],{"class":99},[64,67301,103],{"class":95},[64,67303,10169],{"class":99},[64,67305,150],{"class":95},[64,67307,67308],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,67309,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,67311,67312,67314,67316,67318],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,67313,212],{"class":211},[64,67315,144],{"class":95},[64,67317,2229],{"class":140},[64,67319,150],{"class":95},[64,67321,67322,67324,67326,67328],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,67323,212],{"class":211},[64,67325,144],{"class":95},[64,67327,3611],{"class":140},[64,67329,150],{"class":95},[14,67331,2035],{},[54,67333,67335],{"className":56,"code":67334,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[61,67336,67337,67341],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67338,67339],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67340,11782],{"class":3816},[64,67342,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67344,184],{"class":95},[64,67346,100],{"class":99},[64,67348,103],{"class":95},[64,67350,10169],{"class":99},[64,67352,103],{"class":95},[64,67354,106],{"class":99},[64,67356,103],{"class":95},[64,67358,743],{"class":99},[64,67360,746],{"class":95},[14,67362,67363,54112,67365,137],{},[61,67364,54227],{},[61,67366,3741],{},[14,67368,16596],{},[54,67370,67372],{"className":56,"code":67371,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[61,67373,67374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67375,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67377,55845],{"class":74},[64,67379,92],{"class":91},[64,67381,1191],{"class":74},[64,67383,137],{"class":95},[64,67385,53910],{"class":140},[64,67387,144],{"class":95},[64,67389,100],{"class":99},[64,67391,103],{"class":95},[64,67393,10169],{"class":99},[64,67395,150],{"class":95},[14,67397,67398],{},"Right:",[54,67400,67402],{"className":56,"code":67401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[61,67403,67404],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67405,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67407,3611],{"class":74},[64,67409,137],{"class":95},[64,67411,53910],{"class":140},[64,67413,144],{"class":95},[64,67415,100],{"class":99},[64,67417,103],{"class":95},[64,67419,10169],{"class":99},[64,67421,150],{"class":95},[816,67423,67425],{"id":67424},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67427,67428],{},"The correct order is:",[54,67430,67431],{"className":56,"code":66284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,67432,67433],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67434,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67436,8309],{"class":74},[64,67438,137],{"class":95},[64,67440,53910],{"class":140},[64,67442,144],{"class":95},[64,67444,35803],{"class":140},[64,67446,103],{"class":95},[64,67448,29461],{"class":140},[64,67450,150],{"class":95},[14,67452,67453],{},"Not:",[54,67455,67457],{"className":56,"code":67456,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[61,67458,67459],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67460,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67462,8309],{"class":74},[64,67464,137],{"class":95},[64,67466,53910],{"class":140},[64,67468,144],{"class":95},[64,67470,23264],{"class":140},[64,67472,103],{"class":95},[64,67474,35778],{"class":140},[64,67476,150],{"class":95},[14,67478,318],{},[54,67480,67481],{"className":56,"code":66326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,67482,67483,67507,67529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67484,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67486,36048],{"class":74},[64,67488,92],{"class":91},[64,67490,112],{"class":95},[64,67492,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67494,543],{"class":1422},[64,67496,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67498,103],{"class":95},[64,67500,3315],{"class":1418},[64,67502,9711],{"class":1422},[64,67504,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67506,746],{"class":95},[64,67508,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67510,36101],{"class":74},[64,67512,137],{"class":95},[64,67514,53910],{"class":140},[64,67516,144],{"class":95},[64,67518,100],{"class":99},[64,67520,103],{"class":95},[64,67522,3315],{"class":1418},[64,67524,1235],{"class":1422},[64,67526,1419],{"class":1418},[64,67528,150],{"class":95},[64,67530,67531,67533,67535,67537],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,67532,212],{"class":211},[64,67534,144],{"class":95},[64,67536,36101],{"class":140},[64,67538,150],{"class":95},[14,67540,2035],{},[54,67542,67543],{"className":56,"code":42835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,67544,67545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67546,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67548,184],{"class":95},[64,67550,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67552,543],{"class":1422},[64,67554,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67556,103],{"class":95},[64,67558,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67560,1235],{"class":1422},[64,67562,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67564,103],{"class":95},[64,67566,3256],{"class":1418},[64,67568,9711],{"class":1422},[64,67570,3261],{"class":1418},[64,67572,746],{"class":95},[816,67574,8423,67576,67578],{"id":67575},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[61,67577,54227],{}," to replace an item",[14,67580,67581,67583],{},[61,67582,54227],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[54,67585,67587],{"className":56,"code":67586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,67588,67589,67609,67627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67590,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603,67605,67607],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67592,1161],{"class":74},[64,67594,92],{"class":91},[64,67596,112],{"class":95},[64,67598,100],{"class":99},[64,67600,103],{"class":95},[64,67602,106],{"class":99},[64,67604,103],{"class":95},[64,67606,743],{"class":99},[64,67608,746],{"class":95},[64,67610,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67612,3611],{"class":74},[64,67614,137],{"class":95},[64,67616,53910],{"class":140},[64,67618,144],{"class":95},[64,67620,100],{"class":99},[64,67622,103],{"class":95},[64,67624,10169],{"class":99},[64,67626,150],{"class":95},[64,67628,67629,67631,67633,67635],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,67630,212],{"class":211},[64,67632,144],{"class":95},[64,67634,3611],{"class":140},[64,67636,150],{"class":95},[14,67638,2035],{},[54,67640,67642],{"className":56,"code":67641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[61,67643,67644],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67645,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67647,184],{"class":95},[64,67649,100],{"class":99},[64,67651,103],{"class":95},[64,67653,10169],{"class":99},[64,67655,103],{"class":95},[64,67657,106],{"class":99},[64,67659,103],{"class":95},[64,67661,743],{"class":99},[64,67663,746],{"class":95},[14,67665,67666],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[54,67668,67670],{"className":56,"code":67669,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,67671,67672,67692,67706],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67673,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67675,1161],{"class":74},[64,67677,92],{"class":91},[64,67679,112],{"class":95},[64,67681,100],{"class":99},[64,67683,103],{"class":95},[64,67685,106],{"class":99},[64,67687,103],{"class":95},[64,67689,743],{"class":99},[64,67691,746],{"class":95},[64,67693,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67695,3611],{"class":74},[64,67697,184],{"class":95},[64,67699,100],{"class":99},[64,67701,977],{"class":95},[64,67703,13241],{"class":91},[64,67705,14091],{"class":99},[64,67707,67708,67710,67712,67714],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,67709,212],{"class":211},[64,67711,144],{"class":95},[64,67713,3611],{"class":140},[64,67715,150],{"class":95},[14,67717,2035],{},[54,67719,67721],{"className":56,"code":67720,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[61,67722,67723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67724,67725,67727,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67726,184],{"class":95},[64,67728,100],{"class":99},[64,67730,103],{"class":95},[64,67732,10169],{"class":99},[64,67734,103],{"class":95},[64,67736,743],{"class":99},[64,67738,746],{"class":95},[816,67740,67742],{"id":67741},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67744,67745,67747],{},[61,67746,54227],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67749,67750],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[54,67752,67754],{"className":56,"code":67753,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,67755,67756,67772,67796],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67757,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67759,1161],{"class":74},[64,67761,92],{"class":91},[64,67763,112],{"class":95},[64,67765,100],{"class":99},[64,67767,103],{"class":95},[64,67769,120],{"class":99},[64,67771,746],{"class":95},[64,67773,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67775,3611],{"class":74},[64,67777,137],{"class":95},[64,67779,53910],{"class":140},[64,67781,144],{"class":95},[64,67783,100],{"class":99},[64,67785,103],{"class":95},[64,67787,112],{"class":95},[64,67789,2021],{"class":99},[64,67791,103],{"class":95},[64,67793,743],{"class":99},[64,67795,393],{"class":95},[64,67797,67798,67800,67802,67804],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,67799,212],{"class":211},[64,67801,144],{"class":95},[64,67803,3611],{"class":140},[64,67805,150],{"class":95},[14,67807,2035],{},[54,67809,67811],{"className":56,"code":67810,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[61,67812,67813],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67814,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67816,184],{"class":95},[64,67818,100],{"class":99},[64,67820,103],{"class":95},[64,67822,112],{"class":95},[64,67824,2021],{"class":99},[64,67826,103],{"class":95},[64,67828,743],{"class":99},[64,67830,109],{"class":95},[64,67832,120],{"class":99},[64,67834,746],{"class":95},[14,67836,67837,67838,137],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[543,67839,55477,67840,1248],{"href":53303},[61,67841,53405],{},[816,67843,67845],{"id":67844},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67847,8846,67848,67850],{},[61,67849,54227],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[54,67852,67854],{"className":56,"code":67853,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[61,67855,67856,67866,67880,67898,67912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,67857,67858,67860,67862,67864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67859,212],{"class":211},[64,67861,144],{"class":95},[64,67863,8309],{"class":140},[64,67865,150],{"class":95},[64,67867,67868,67870,67872,67874,67876,67878],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,67869,212],{"class":211},[64,67871,144],{"class":95},[64,67873,11134],{"class":211},[64,67875,144],{"class":95},[64,67877,8309],{"class":140},[64,67879,1737],{"class":95},[64,67881,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,67883,212],{"class":211},[64,67885,144],{"class":95},[64,67887,8309],{"class":140},[64,67889,137],{"class":95},[64,67891,53910],{"class":24704},[64,67893,137],{"class":95},[64,67895,34403],{"class":34410},[64,67897,150],{"class":95},[64,67899,67900,67902,67904,67906,67908,67910],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,67901,32108],{"class":211},[64,67903,144],{"class":95},[64,67905,8064],{"class":1778},[64,67907,137],{"class":95},[64,67909,53910],{"class":24704},[64,67911,150],{"class":95},[64,67913,67914,67916,67918,67920],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,67915,1779],{"class":1778},[64,67917,144],{"class":95},[64,67919,8309],{"class":140},[64,67921,150],{"class":95},[14,67923,67924],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[21,67926,67927,67930,67933,67936],{},[24,67928,67929],{},"What is currently in the list",[24,67931,67932],{},"How long the list is",[24,67934,67935],{},"That you are working with a real list",[24,67937,67938],{},"How Python describes the method",[49,67940,4925,67942],{"id":67941},"when-to-use-insert",[61,67943,54227],{},[14,67945,256,67946,67948],{},[61,67947,54227],{}," when position matters.",[14,67950,36383],{},[21,67952,67953,67956,67959,67962],{},[24,67954,67955],{},"Ordered menus",[24,67957,67958],{},"Rankings or score lists",[24,67960,67961],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[24,67963,67964],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67966,67967,67968,67970,67971,67973,67974,67976],{},"You usually do ",[37,67969,300],{}," need ",[61,67972,54227],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[61,67975,52612],{}," is simpler.",[14,67978,67979,67980,137],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[543,67981,57106],{"href":57105},[49,67983,1826],{"id":1825},[816,67985,12670,67987,55426],{"id":67986},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[61,67988,53870],{},[14,67990,67991,67992,137],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[61,67993,3741],{},[816,67995,67997],{"id":67996},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67999,68000],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[816,68002,5135,68004,68006],{"id":68003},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[61,68005,53870],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68008,68009,68010,68012],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[61,68011,53405],{}," or slicing.",[816,68014,5145,68016,40,68018,2456],{"id":68015},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[61,68017,54227],{},[61,68019,52612],{},[14,68021,68022,68024,68025,68027],{},[61,68023,54227],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[61,68026,52612],{}," adds only at the end.",[49,68029,1865],{"id":1864},[21,68031,68032,68038,68044,68048,68052,68056],{},[24,68033,68034],{},[543,68035,55477,68036,1248],{"href":56721},[61,68037,52612],{},[24,68039,68040],{},[543,68041,55477,68042,1248],{"href":53303},[61,68043,53405],{},[24,68045,68046],{},[543,68047,54237],{"href":53008},[24,68049,68050],{},[543,68051,52731],{"href":50938},[24,68053,68054],{},[543,68055,57178],{"href":57105},[24,68057,68058],{},[543,68059,30302,68060,33590],{"href":54255},[61,68061,68062],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1898,68064,68065],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":68067},[68068,68070,68071,68072,68078,68085,68094,68096,68105],{"id":66253,"depth":78,"text":68069},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5397,"depth":78,"text":5398},{"id":5754,"depth":78,"text":5755},{"id":66625,"depth":78,"text":66626,"children":68073},[68074,68075,68076,68077],{"id":66637,"depth":85,"text":66638},{"id":66728,"depth":85,"text":66729},{"id":66814,"depth":85,"text":66815},{"id":66900,"depth":85,"text":66901},{"id":67030,"depth":78,"text":68079,"children":68080},"insert() vs append()",[68081,68083],{"id":67040,"depth":85,"text":68082},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67053,"depth":85,"text":68084},"Use append() when:",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":68086},[68087,68089,68090,68092,68093],{"id":67254,"depth":85,"text":68088},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67424,"depth":85,"text":67425},{"id":67575,"depth":85,"text":68091},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67741,"depth":85,"text":67742},{"id":67844,"depth":85,"text":67845},{"id":67941,"depth":78,"text":68095},"When to use insert()",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":68097},[68098,68100,68101,68103],{"id":67986,"depth":85,"text":68099},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67996,"depth":85,"text":67997},{"id":68003,"depth":85,"text":68102},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68015,"depth":85,"text":68104},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66163,"description":68106},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68113,"title":68114,"body":68115,"description":69670,"extension":1927,"meta":69671,"navigation":81,"path":58921,"seo":69672,"stem":69673,"__hash__":69674},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68116,"toc":69643},[68117,68123,68132,68181,68183,68191,68197,68199,68217,68223,68228,68231,68234,68249,68251,68303,68305,68313,68321,68328,68330,68336,68401,68403,68411,68413,68432,68435,68486,68490,68495,68522,68524,68532,68535,68604,68606,68621,68627,68631,68640,68643,68698,68700,68708,68711,68713,68758,68760,68768,68774,68776,68784,68787,68789,68828,68830,68869,68874,68876,68878,68913,68916,68918,68956,68960,68966,68968,69019,69021,69029,69036,69039,69060,69063,69118,69129,69131,69192,69194,69203,69210,69216,69219,69222,69279,69282,69295,69302,69308,69314,69316,69329,69332,69429,69431,69448,69451,69533,69535,69557,69564,69570,69572,69576,69582,69588,69593,69597,69600,69606,69613,69615,69640],[10,68118,68120,68121,219],{"id":68119},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[61,68122,11134],{},[14,68124,68125,68126,68128,68129,68131],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[61,68127,42320],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[61,68130,42320],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[54,68133,68135],{"className":56,"code":68134,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[61,68136,68137,68157,68171],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68138,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151,68153,68155],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68140,1161],{"class":74},[64,68142,92],{"class":91},[64,68144,112],{"class":95},[64,68146,1432],{"class":99},[64,68148,103],{"class":95},[64,68150,1437],{"class":99},[64,68152,103],{"class":95},[64,68154,7764],{"class":99},[64,68156,746],{"class":95},[64,68158,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68160,41200],{"class":74},[64,68162,92],{"class":91},[64,68164,38343],{"class":211},[64,68166,144],{"class":95},[64,68168,3611],{"class":140},[64,68170,150],{"class":95},[64,68172,68173,68175,68177,68179],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,68174,212],{"class":211},[64,68176,144],{"class":95},[64,68178,41218],{"class":140},[64,68180,150],{"class":95},[14,68182,2035],{},[54,68184,68185],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,68186,68187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68188,68189],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68190,46575],{"class":99},[14,68192,256,68193,68196],{},[61,68194,68195],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[49,68198,15116],{"id":15115},[21,68200,68201,68206,68211,68214],{},[24,68202,4163,68203,68205],{},[61,68204,42320],{}," works with Python lists",[24,68207,68208,68209,11679],{},"What value ",[61,68210,42320],{},[24,68212,68213],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[24,68215,68216],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[49,68218,3639,68220,68222],{"id":68219},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[61,68221,42320],{}," returns for a list",[14,68224,68225,65035],{},[61,68226,68227],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68229,68230],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68232,68233],{},"A few important points:",[21,68235,68236,68239,68244],{},[24,68237,68238],{},"It counts list items",[24,68240,40864,68241,68243],{},[37,68242,300],{}," count characters inside a string item",[24,68245,68246,68247],{},"An empty list returns ",[61,68248,187],{},[14,68250,318],{},[54,68252,68254],{"className":56,"code":68253,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[61,68255,68256,68289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68257,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68259,4034],{"class":74},[64,68261,92],{"class":91},[64,68263,112],{"class":95},[64,68265,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68267,37004],{"class":1422},[64,68269,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68271,103],{"class":95},[64,68273,3315],{"class":1418},[64,68275,68276],{"class":1422},"elephant",[64,68278,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68280,103],{"class":95},[64,68282,3315],{"class":1418},[64,68284,58076],{"class":1422},[64,68286,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68288,746],{"class":95},[64,68290,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299,68301],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68292,212],{"class":211},[64,68294,144],{"class":95},[64,68296,11134],{"class":211},[64,68298,144],{"class":95},[64,68300,4078],{"class":140},[64,68302,1737],{"class":95},[14,68304,2035],{},[54,68306,68307],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,68308,68309],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68310,68311],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68312,46575],{"class":99},[14,68314,20931,68315,68318,68319,65042],{},[61,68316,68317],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[37,68320,52616],{},[14,68322,68323,68324,137],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[543,68325,1877,68326,3472],{"href":42317},[61,68327,42320],{},[49,68329,5755],{"id":5754},[14,68331,68332,68333,68335],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[61,68334,42320],{},", and print the result.",[54,68337,68339],{"className":56,"code":68338,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[61,68340,68341,68373,68387,68391],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68342,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68344,13041],{"class":74},[64,68346,92],{"class":91},[64,68348,112],{"class":95},[64,68350,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68352,13058],{"class":1422},[64,68354,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68356,103],{"class":95},[64,68358,3315],{"class":1418},[64,68360,17409],{"class":1422},[64,68362,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68364,103],{"class":95},[64,68366,3315],{"class":1418},[64,68368,13075],{"class":1422},[64,68370,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68372,746],{"class":95},[64,68374,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68376,41200],{"class":74},[64,68378,92],{"class":91},[64,68380,38343],{"class":211},[64,68382,144],{"class":95},[64,68384,17456],{"class":140},[64,68386,150],{"class":95},[64,68388,68389],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,68390,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,68392,68393,68395,68397,68399],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,68394,212],{"class":211},[64,68396,144],{"class":95},[64,68398,41218],{"class":140},[64,68400,150],{"class":95},[14,68402,2035],{},[54,68404,68405],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,68406,68407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68408,68409],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68410,46575],{"class":99},[14,68412,11657],{},[21,68414,68415,68420,68427],{},[24,68416,68417,68419],{},[61,68418,17456],{}," is a list with 3 items",[24,68421,68422,2361,68425],{},[61,68423,68424],{},"len(colors)",[61,68426,115],{},[24,68428,68429,68430],{},"That value is stored in ",[61,68431,41218],{},[14,68433,68434],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[54,68436,68438],{"className":56,"code":68437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[61,68439,68440,68472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68441,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68443,13041],{"class":74},[64,68445,92],{"class":91},[64,68447,112],{"class":95},[64,68449,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68451,13058],{"class":1422},[64,68453,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68455,103],{"class":95},[64,68457,3315],{"class":1418},[64,68459,17409],{"class":1422},[64,68461,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68463,103],{"class":95},[64,68465,3315],{"class":1418},[64,68467,13075],{"class":1422},[64,68469,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68471,746],{"class":95},[64,68473,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68475,212],{"class":211},[64,68477,144],{"class":95},[64,68479,11134],{"class":211},[64,68481,144],{"class":95},[64,68483,17456],{"class":140},[64,68485,1737],{"class":95},[49,68487,68489],{"id":68488},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68491,68492,68493,137],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[61,68494,187],{},[54,68496,68498],{"className":56,"code":68497,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[61,68499,68500,68508],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68501,68502,68504,68506],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68503,7749],{"class":74},[64,68505,92],{"class":91},[64,68507,7808],{"class":95},[64,68509,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68511,212],{"class":211},[64,68513,144],{"class":95},[64,68515,11134],{"class":211},[64,68517,144],{"class":95},[64,68519,7779],{"class":140},[64,68521,1737],{"class":95},[14,68523,2035],{},[54,68525,68526],{"className":56,"code":47210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,68527,68528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68529,68530],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68531,47210],{"class":99},[14,68533,68534],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[54,68536,68538],{"className":56,"code":68537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[61,68539,68540,68548,68552,68570,68584,68590],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68541,68542,68544,68546],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68543,7749],{"class":74},[64,68545,92],{"class":91},[64,68547,7808],{"class":95},[64,68549,68550],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68551,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,68553,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,68555,6965],{"class":70},[64,68557,38343],{"class":211},[64,68559,144],{"class":95},[64,68561,7779],{"class":140},[64,68563,219],{"class":95},[64,68565,38353],{"class":91},[64,68567,3797],{"class":99},[64,68569,6363],{"class":95},[64,68571,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,68573,8039],{"class":211},[64,68575,144],{"class":95},[64,68577,7779],{"class":140},[64,68579,184],{"class":95},[64,68581,187],{"class":99},[64,68583,393],{"class":95},[64,68585,68586,68588],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,68587,27388],{"class":70},[64,68589,6363],{"class":95},[64,68591,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,68593,8039],{"class":211},[64,68595,144],{"class":95},[64,68597,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68599,51775],{"class":1422},[64,68601,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68603,150],{"class":95},[14,68605,2035],{},[54,68607,68609],{"className":56,"code":68608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The list is empty\n",[61,68610,68611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68612,68613,68615,68617,68619],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68614,1944],{"class":74},[64,68616,8064],{"class":1778},[64,68618,980],{"class":91},[64,68620,8072],{"class":74},[14,68622,68623,68624,68626],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[543,68625,52731],{"href":50938}," is a good next step.",[49,68628,68630],{"id":68629},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68632,68633,68635,68636,68639],{},[61,68634,42320],{}," counts only the ",[37,68637,68638],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68641,68642],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[54,68644,68646],{"className":56,"code":68645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[61,68647,68648,68684],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68649,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68651,9137],{"class":74},[64,68653,92],{"class":91},[64,68655,96],{"class":95},[64,68657,100],{"class":99},[64,68659,103],{"class":95},[64,68661,106],{"class":99},[64,68663,109],{"class":95},[64,68665,112],{"class":95},[64,68667,115],{"class":99},[64,68669,103],{"class":95},[64,68671,120],{"class":99},[64,68673,109],{"class":95},[64,68675,112],{"class":95},[64,68677,385],{"class":99},[64,68679,103],{"class":95},[64,68681,390],{"class":99},[64,68683,123],{"class":95},[64,68685,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68687,212],{"class":211},[64,68689,144],{"class":95},[64,68691,11134],{"class":211},[64,68693,144],{"class":95},[64,68695,9176],{"class":140},[64,68697,1737],{"class":95},[14,68699,2035],{},[54,68701,68702],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,68703,68704],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68705,68706],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68707,46575],{"class":99},[14,68709,68710],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68712,52039],{},[54,68714,68716],{"className":56,"code":68715,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[61,68717,68718,68744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68719,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68721,59421],{"class":74},[64,68723,92],{"class":91},[64,68725,112],{"class":95},[64,68727,100],{"class":99},[64,68729,103],{"class":95},[64,68731,112],{"class":95},[64,68733,2021],{"class":99},[64,68735,103],{"class":95},[64,68737,743],{"class":99},[64,68739,109],{"class":95},[64,68741,120],{"class":99},[64,68743,746],{"class":95},[64,68745,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68747,212],{"class":211},[64,68749,144],{"class":95},[64,68751,11134],{"class":211},[64,68753,144],{"class":95},[64,68755,59474],{"class":140},[64,68757,1737],{"class":95},[14,68759,2035],{},[54,68761,68762],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,68763,68764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68765,68766],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68767,46575],{"class":99},[14,68769,20931,68770,68773],{},[61,68771,68772],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[49,68775,4483],{"id":4482},[816,68777,1654,68779,11064,68782],{"id":68778},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[61,68780,68781],{},"my_list.len()",[61,68783,68227],{},[14,68785,68786],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68788,16596],{},[54,68790,68792],{"className":56,"code":68791,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[61,68793,68794,68814],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68795,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68797,1161],{"class":74},[64,68799,92],{"class":91},[64,68801,112],{"class":95},[64,68803,1432],{"class":99},[64,68805,103],{"class":95},[64,68807,1437],{"class":99},[64,68809,103],{"class":95},[64,68811,7764],{"class":99},[64,68813,746],{"class":95},[64,68815,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68817,212],{"class":211},[64,68819,144],{"class":95},[64,68821,3611],{"class":140},[64,68823,137],{"class":95},[64,68825,11134],{"class":140},[64,68827,7162],{"class":95},[14,68829,16608],{},[54,68831,68833],{"className":56,"code":68832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[61,68834,68835,68855],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68836,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68838,1161],{"class":74},[64,68840,92],{"class":91},[64,68842,112],{"class":95},[64,68844,1432],{"class":99},[64,68846,103],{"class":95},[64,68848,1437],{"class":99},[64,68850,103],{"class":95},[64,68852,7764],{"class":99},[64,68854,746],{"class":95},[64,68856,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68858,212],{"class":211},[64,68860,144],{"class":95},[64,68862,11134],{"class":211},[64,68864,144],{"class":95},[64,68866,3611],{"class":140},[64,68868,1737],{"class":95},[14,68870,68871,68873],{},[61,68872,42320],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[816,68875,25642],{"id":25641},[14,68877,16596],{},[54,68879,68881],{"className":56,"code":68880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[61,68882,68883,68903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68884,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68886,1161],{"class":74},[64,68888,92],{"class":91},[64,68890,112],{"class":95},[64,68892,1432],{"class":99},[64,68894,103],{"class":95},[64,68896,1437],{"class":99},[64,68898,103],{"class":95},[64,68900,7764],{"class":99},[64,68902,746],{"class":95},[64,68904,68905,68907,68909,68911],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68906,212],{"class":211},[64,68908,144],{"class":95},[64,68910,11134],{"class":211},[64,68912,150],{"class":95},[14,68914,68915],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68917,16608],{},[54,68919,68920],{"className":56,"code":68832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,68921,68922,68942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68923,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932,68934,68936,68938,68940],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68925,1161],{"class":74},[64,68927,92],{"class":91},[64,68929,112],{"class":95},[64,68931,1432],{"class":99},[64,68933,103],{"class":95},[64,68935,1437],{"class":99},[64,68937,103],{"class":95},[64,68939,7764],{"class":99},[64,68941,746],{"class":95},[64,68943,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,68945,212],{"class":211},[64,68947,144],{"class":95},[64,68949,11134],{"class":211},[64,68951,144],{"class":95},[64,68953,3611],{"class":140},[64,68955,1737],{"class":95},[816,68957,68959],{"id":68958},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68961,68962,68963,68965],{},"The length of a list is ",[37,68964,300],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68967,318],{},[54,68969,68971],{"className":56,"code":68970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[61,68972,68973,69005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,68974,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68976,36048],{"class":74},[64,68978,92],{"class":91},[64,68980,112],{"class":95},[64,68982,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68984,543],{"class":1422},[64,68986,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68988,103],{"class":95},[64,68990,3315],{"class":1418},[64,68992,1235],{"class":1422},[64,68994,1419],{"class":1418},[64,68996,103],{"class":95},[64,68998,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69000,9711],{"class":1422},[64,69002,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69004,746],{"class":95},[64,69006,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69008,212],{"class":211},[64,69010,144],{"class":95},[64,69012,11134],{"class":211},[64,69014,144],{"class":95},[64,69016,36101],{"class":140},[64,69018,1737],{"class":95},[14,69020,2035],{},[54,69022,69023],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,69024,69025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69026,69027],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69028,46575],{"class":99},[14,69030,69031,69032,18917,69034,137],{},"But the last index is ",[61,69033,2021],{},[61,69035,115],{},[14,69037,69038],{},"Indexes are:",[21,69040,69041,69048,69054],{},[24,69042,69043,69045,69046],{},[61,69044,187],{}," for ",[61,69047,18049],{},[24,69049,69050,69045,69052],{},[61,69051,100],{},[61,69053,65545],{},[24,69055,69056,69045,69058],{},[61,69057,2021],{},[61,69059,66431],{},[14,69061,69062],{},"So this causes an error:",[54,69064,69066],{"className":56,"code":69065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[61,69067,69068,69100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69069,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69071,36048],{"class":74},[64,69073,92],{"class":91},[64,69075,112],{"class":95},[64,69077,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69079,543],{"class":1422},[64,69081,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69083,103],{"class":95},[64,69085,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69087,1235],{"class":1422},[64,69089,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69091,103],{"class":95},[64,69093,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69095,9711],{"class":1422},[64,69097,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69099,746],{"class":95},[64,69101,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69103,212],{"class":211},[64,69105,144],{"class":95},[64,69107,36101],{"class":140},[64,69109,184],{"class":95},[64,69111,11134],{"class":211},[64,69113,144],{"class":95},[64,69115,36101],{"class":140},[64,69117,10651],{"class":95},[14,69119,8466,69120,4747,69123,69125,69126,69128],{},[61,69121,69122],{},"len(letters)",[61,69124,115],{},", and index ",[61,69127,115],{}," does not exist.",[14,69130,18794],{},[54,69132,69134],{"className":56,"code":69133,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[61,69135,69136,69168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69137,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69139,36048],{"class":74},[64,69141,92],{"class":91},[64,69143,112],{"class":95},[64,69145,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69147,543],{"class":1422},[64,69149,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69151,103],{"class":95},[64,69153,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69155,1235],{"class":1422},[64,69157,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69159,103],{"class":95},[64,69161,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69163,9711],{"class":1422},[64,69165,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69167,746],{"class":95},[64,69169,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69171,212],{"class":211},[64,69173,144],{"class":95},[64,69175,36101],{"class":140},[64,69177,184],{"class":95},[64,69179,11134],{"class":211},[64,69181,144],{"class":95},[64,69183,36101],{"class":140},[64,69185,219],{"class":95},[64,69187,2186],{"class":91},[64,69189,5465],{"class":99},[64,69191,393],{"class":95},[14,69193,2035],{},[54,69195,69197],{"className":56,"code":69196,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"c\n",[61,69198,69199],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69200,69201],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69202,69196],{"class":74},[14,69204,69205,69206,137],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[543,69207,69209],{"href":69208},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[816,69211,1654,69213,69215],{"id":69212},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[61,69214,42320],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69217,69218],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69220,69221],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[54,69223,69225],{"className":56,"code":69224,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[61,69226,69227,69237,69251,69265],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69228,69229,69231,69233,69235],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69230,212],{"class":211},[64,69232,144],{"class":95},[64,69234,8309],{"class":140},[64,69236,150],{"class":95},[64,69238,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247,69249],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69240,212],{"class":211},[64,69242,144],{"class":95},[64,69244,11134],{"class":211},[64,69246,144],{"class":95},[64,69248,8309],{"class":140},[64,69250,1737],{"class":95},[64,69252,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,69254,212],{"class":211},[64,69256,144],{"class":95},[64,69258,1779],{"class":1778},[64,69260,144],{"class":95},[64,69262,8309],{"class":140},[64,69264,1737],{"class":95},[64,69266,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,69268,212],{"class":211},[64,69270,144],{"class":95},[64,69272,8309],{"class":140},[64,69274,184],{"class":95},[64,69276,187],{"class":99},[64,69278,393],{"class":95},[14,69280,69281],{},"These help you verify:",[21,69283,69284,69287,69289,69292],{},[24,69285,69286],{},"what the variable contains",[24,69288,60733],{},[24,69290,69291],{},"whether it is really a list",[24,69293,69294],{},"what the first item is",[14,69296,69297,69298,69301],{},"Be careful with ",[61,69299,69300],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[49,69303,4925,69305,69307],{"id":69304},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[61,69306,42320],{}," with lists",[14,69309,69310,69311,69313],{},"You will often use ",[61,69312,42320],{}," in real programs.",[14,69315,9345],{},[21,69317,69318,69320,69323,69326],{},[24,69319,51729],{},[24,69321,69322],{},"Control loops",[24,69324,69325],{},"Validate input or results",[24,69327,69328],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69330,69331],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[54,69333,69335],{"className":56,"code":69334,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[61,69336,69337,69357,69373,69377,69391,69405],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69338,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69340,1186],{"class":74},[64,69342,92],{"class":91},[64,69344,112],{"class":95},[64,69346,100],{"class":99},[64,69348,103],{"class":95},[64,69350,106],{"class":99},[64,69352,103],{"class":95},[64,69354,743],{"class":99},[64,69356,746],{"class":95},[64,69358,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69360,1202],{"class":74},[64,69362,92],{"class":91},[64,69364,112],{"class":95},[64,69366,1432],{"class":99},[64,69368,103],{"class":95},[64,69370,1437],{"class":99},[64,69372,746],{"class":95},[64,69374,69375],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,69376,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,69378,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,69380,212],{"class":211},[64,69382,144],{"class":95},[64,69384,11134],{"class":211},[64,69386,144],{"class":95},[64,69388,543],{"class":140},[64,69390,1737],{"class":95},[64,69392,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,69394,212],{"class":211},[64,69396,144],{"class":95},[64,69398,11134],{"class":211},[64,69400,144],{"class":95},[64,69402,1235],{"class":140},[64,69404,1737],{"class":95},[64,69406,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,69408,212],{"class":211},[64,69410,144],{"class":95},[64,69412,11134],{"class":211},[64,69414,144],{"class":95},[64,69416,543],{"class":140},[64,69418,219],{"class":95},[64,69420,38353],{"class":91},[64,69422,38343],{"class":211},[64,69424,144],{"class":95},[64,69426,1235],{"class":140},[64,69428,1737],{"class":95},[14,69430,2035],{},[54,69432,69434],{"className":56,"code":69433,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[61,69435,69436,69440,69444],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69437,69438],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69439,46575],{"class":99},[64,69441,69442],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69443,17009],{"class":99},[64,69445,69446],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,69447,3943],{"class":3816},[14,69449,69450],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[54,69452,69454],{"className":56,"code":69453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[61,69455,69456,69488,69492,69514],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69457,69458,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69459,4959],{"class":74},[64,69461,92],{"class":91},[64,69463,112],{"class":95},[64,69465,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69467,12846],{"class":1422},[64,69469,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69471,103],{"class":95},[64,69473,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69475,35898],{"class":1422},[64,69477,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69479,103],{"class":95},[64,69481,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69483,35907],{"class":1422},[64,69485,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69487,746],{"class":95},[64,69489,69490],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69491,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,69493,69494,69496,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,69495,5926],{"class":70},[64,69497,69498],{"class":74}," i ",[64,69500,3847],{"class":70},[64,69502,54029],{"class":211},[64,69504,144],{"class":95},[64,69506,11134],{"class":211},[64,69508,144],{"class":95},[64,69510,5003],{"class":140},[64,69512,69513],{"class":95},")):\n",[64,69515,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69527,69529,69531],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,69517,8039],{"class":211},[64,69519,144],{"class":95},[64,69521,36112],{"class":140},[64,69523,103],{"class":95},[64,69525,69526],{"class":140}," names",[64,69528,184],{"class":95},[64,69530,36112],{"class":140},[64,69532,393],{"class":95},[14,69534,2035],{},[54,69536,69537],{"className":56,"code":35956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,69538,69539,69545,69551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69540,69541,69543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69542,187],{"class":99},[64,69544,35965],{"class":74},[64,69546,69547,69549],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69548,100],{"class":99},[64,69550,35972],{"class":74},[64,69552,69553,69555],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,69554,2021],{"class":99},[64,69556,35979],{"class":74},[14,69558,69559,69560,137],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[543,69561,69563],{"href":69562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69565,69566,69567,69569],{},"You can also read ",[543,69568,51506],{"href":51505}," for a task-focused guide.",[49,69571,1826],{"id":1825},[816,69573,69575],{"id":69574},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69577,256,69578,69581],{},[61,69579,69580],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[816,69583,5107,69585,12682],{"id":69584},"what-does-len-return",[61,69586,69587],{},"len([])",[14,69589,5113,69590,69592],{},[61,69591,187],{}," because the list is empty.",[816,69594,69596],{"id":69595},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69598,69599],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[816,69601,28282,69603,69605],{"id":69602},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[61,69604,68781],{}," in Python?",[14,69607,30225,69608,8192,69610,69612],{},[61,69609,68227],{},[61,69611,42320],{}," is a built-in function.",[49,69614,1865],{"id":1864},[21,69616,69617,69623,69627,69631,69635],{},[24,69618,69619],{},[543,69620,1877,69621,3472],{"href":42317},[61,69622,42320],{},[24,69624,69625],{},[543,69626,52550],{"href":51505},[24,69628,69629],{},[543,69630,52731],{"href":50938},[24,69632,69633],{},[543,69634,69209],{"href":69208},[24,69636,69637],{},[543,69638,69639],{"href":69562},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1898,69641,69642],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":69644},[69645,69646,69648,69649,69650,69651,69659,69661,69669],{"id":15115,"depth":78,"text":15116},{"id":68219,"depth":78,"text":69647},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5754,"depth":78,"text":5755},{"id":68488,"depth":78,"text":68489},{"id":68629,"depth":78,"text":68630},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":69652},[69653,69655,69656,69657],{"id":68778,"depth":85,"text":69654},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25641,"depth":85,"text":25642},{"id":68958,"depth":85,"text":68959},{"id":69212,"depth":85,"text":69658},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69304,"depth":78,"text":69660},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":69662},[69663,69664,69666,69667],{"id":69574,"depth":85,"text":69575},{"id":69584,"depth":85,"text":69665},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69595,"depth":85,"text":69596},{"id":69602,"depth":85,"text":69668},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68114,"description":69670},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69676,"title":69677,"body":69678,"description":71660,"extension":1927,"meta":71661,"navigation":81,"path":71662,"seo":71663,"stem":71664,"__hash__":71665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69679,"toc":71633},[69680,69683,69688,69691,69699,69712,69714,69779,69781,69803,69808,69812,69817,69825,69827,69837,69839,69920,69922,69952,69954,69973,69978,69995,69997,70081,70083,70113,70118,70122,70128,70212,70214,70244,70247,70251,70254,70345,70347,70385,70388,70473,70475,70505,70511,70518,70522,70527,70536,70538,70623,70625,70654,70657,70665,70669,70673,70682,70705,70707,70729,70731,70745,70747,70807,70811,70816,70855,70857,70874,70876,70886,70985,70990,70994,70999,71042,71044,71072,71074,71088,71163,71165,71187,71191,71194,71199,71210,71215,71223,71226,71297,71299,71324,71381,71383,71404,71413,71421,71426,71428,71433,71454,71457,71532,71535,71549,71556,71558,71562,71568,71572,71582,71586,71593,71597,71603,71605,71630],[10,69681,69677],{"id":69682},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69684,69685,69687],{},[61,69686,55039],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69689,69690],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[21,69692,69693,69696],{},[24,69694,69695],{},"delete an item from a list",[24,69697,69698],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69700,69701,69702,69704,69705,8675,69707,69711],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[61,69703,12729],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[61,69706,12729],{},[543,69708,69709],{"href":55029},[61,69710,55486],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[49,69713,52],{"id":51},[54,69715,69717],{"className":56,"code":69716,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,69718,69719,69739,69754,69758,69769],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69720,69721,69723,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69722,1161],{"class":74},[64,69724,92],{"class":91},[64,69726,112],{"class":95},[64,69728,1432],{"class":99},[64,69730,103],{"class":95},[64,69732,1437],{"class":99},[64,69734,103],{"class":95},[64,69736,7764],{"class":99},[64,69738,746],{"class":95},[64,69740,69741,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69742,69743],{"class":74},"last_item ",[64,69745,92],{"class":91},[64,69747,1191],{"class":74},[64,69749,137],{"class":95},[64,69751,26196],{"class":140},[64,69753,366],{"class":95},[64,69755,69756],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,69757,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,69759,69760,69762,69764,69767],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,69761,212],{"class":211},[64,69763,144],{"class":95},[64,69765,69766],{"class":140},"last_item",[64,69768,150],{"class":95},[64,69770,69771,69773,69775,69777],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,69772,212],{"class":211},[64,69774,144],{"class":95},[64,69776,3611],{"class":140},[64,69778,150],{"class":95},[14,69780,2035],{},[54,69782,69784],{"className":56,"code":69783,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[61,69785,69786,69791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69787,69788],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69789,69790],{"class":99},"30\n",[64,69792,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69794,184],{"class":95},[64,69796,1432],{"class":99},[64,69798,103],{"class":95},[64,69800,1437],{"class":99},[64,69802,746],{"class":95},[14,69804,256,69805,69807],{},[61,69806,12729],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[49,69809,69811],{"id":69810},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69813,69814,69816],{},[61,69815,12729],{}," has two main jobs:",[21,69818,69819,69822],{},[24,69820,69821],{},"It removes one item from a list",[24,69823,69824],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69826,43609],{},[21,69828,69829,69832,69835],{},[24,69830,69831],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[24,69833,69834],{},"It changes the original list",[24,69836,52705],{},[14,69838,318],{},[54,69840,69842],{"className":56,"code":69841,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[61,69843,69844,69876,69880,69895,69899,69910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69845,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69847,13041],{"class":74},[64,69849,92],{"class":91},[64,69851,112],{"class":95},[64,69853,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69855,13058],{"class":1422},[64,69857,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69859,103],{"class":95},[64,69861,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69863,17409],{"class":1422},[64,69865,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69867,103],{"class":95},[64,69869,3315],{"class":1418},[64,69871,13075],{"class":1422},[64,69873,1419],{"class":1418},[64,69875,746],{"class":95},[64,69877,69878],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69879,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,69881,69882,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,69883,69884],{"class":74},"removed ",[64,69886,92],{"class":91},[64,69888,13089],{"class":74},[64,69890,137],{"class":95},[64,69892,26196],{"class":140},[64,69894,366],{"class":95},[64,69896,69897],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,69898,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,69900,69901,69903,69905,69908],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,69902,212],{"class":211},[64,69904,144],{"class":95},[64,69906,69907],{"class":140},"removed",[64,69909,150],{"class":95},[64,69911,69912,69914,69916,69918],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,69913,212],{"class":211},[64,69915,144],{"class":95},[64,69917,17456],{"class":140},[64,69919,150],{"class":95},[14,69921,2035],{},[54,69923,69925],{"className":56,"code":69924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[61,69926,69927,69932],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69928,69929],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69930,69931],{"class":74},"blue\n",[64,69933,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,69935,184],{"class":95},[64,69937,3261],{"class":1418},[64,69939,13058],{"class":1422},[64,69941,3261],{"class":1418},[64,69943,103],{"class":95},[64,69945,3256],{"class":1418},[64,69947,17409],{"class":1422},[64,69949,3261],{"class":1418},[64,69951,746],{"class":95},[49,69953,2120],{"id":2119},[54,69955,69957],{"className":56,"code":69956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list.pop([index])\n",[61,69958,69959],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,69960,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69962,8064],{"class":1778},[64,69964,137],{"class":95},[64,69966,26196],{"class":140},[64,69968,382],{"class":95},[64,69970,35803],{"class":140},[64,69972,393],{"class":95},[14,69974,1944,69975,69977],{},[61,69976,35803],{}," is optional.",[21,69979,69980,69986,69992],{},[24,69981,69982,69983,69985],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[61,69984,12729],{}," removes the last item",[24,69987,69988,69989,69991],{},"If you give an index, ",[61,69990,12729],{}," removes the item at that position",[24,69993,69994],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69996,318],{},[54,69998,70000],{"className":56,"code":69999,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[61,70001,70002,70034,70038,70057,70061,70071],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70003,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028,70030,70032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70005,36048],{"class":74},[64,70007,92],{"class":91},[64,70009,112],{"class":95},[64,70011,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70013,543],{"class":1422},[64,70015,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70017,103],{"class":95},[64,70019,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70021,1235],{"class":1422},[64,70023,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70025,103],{"class":95},[64,70027,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70029,9711],{"class":1422},[64,70031,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70033,746],{"class":95},[64,70035,70036],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70037,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70039,70040,70042,70044,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,70041,28492],{"class":74},[64,70043,92],{"class":91},[64,70045,70046],{"class":74}," letters",[64,70048,137],{"class":95},[64,70050,26196],{"class":140},[64,70052,144],{"class":95},[64,70054,100],{"class":99},[64,70056,150],{"class":95},[64,70058,70059],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,70060,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70062,70063,70065,70067,70069],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,70064,212],{"class":211},[64,70066,144],{"class":95},[64,70068,23264],{"class":140},[64,70070,150],{"class":95},[64,70072,70073,70075,70077,70079],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,70074,212],{"class":211},[64,70076,144],{"class":95},[64,70078,36101],{"class":140},[64,70080,150],{"class":95},[14,70082,2035],{},[54,70084,70086],{"className":56,"code":70085,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[61,70087,70088,70093],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70089,70090],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70091,70092],{"class":74},"b\n",[64,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70096,184],{"class":95},[64,70098,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70100,543],{"class":1422},[64,70102,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70104,103],{"class":95},[64,70106,3256],{"class":1418},[64,70108,9711],{"class":1422},[64,70110,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70112,746],{"class":95},[14,70114,70115,70116,137],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[543,70117,52731],{"href":50938},[49,70119,70121],{"id":70120},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70123,70124,70125,70127],{},"When you call ",[61,70126,12729],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[54,70129,70131],{"className":56,"code":70130,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[61,70132,70133,70168,70172,70187,70191,70202],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70134,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70146,70148,70150,70152,70155,70157,70159,70161,70164,70166],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70136,29852],{"class":74},[64,70138,92],{"class":91},[64,70140,112],{"class":95},[64,70142,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70144,70145],{"class":1422},"write",[64,70147,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70149,103],{"class":95},[64,70151,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70153,70154],{"class":1422},"test",[64,70156,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70158,103],{"class":95},[64,70160,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70162,70163],{"class":1422},"submit",[64,70165,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70167,746],{"class":95},[64,70169,70170],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70171,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70173,70174,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,70175,70176],{"class":74},"last_task ",[64,70178,92],{"class":91},[64,70180,29930],{"class":74},[64,70182,137],{"class":95},[64,70184,26196],{"class":140},[64,70186,366],{"class":95},[64,70188,70189],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,70190,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70192,70193,70195,70197,70200],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,70194,212],{"class":211},[64,70196,144],{"class":95},[64,70198,70199],{"class":140},"last_task",[64,70201,150],{"class":95},[64,70203,70204,70206,70208,70210],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,70205,212],{"class":211},[64,70207,144],{"class":95},[64,70209,36463],{"class":140},[64,70211,150],{"class":95},[14,70213,2035],{},[54,70215,70217],{"className":56,"code":70216,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[61,70218,70219,70224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70220,70221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70222,70223],{"class":74},"submit\n",[64,70225,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70227,184],{"class":95},[64,70229,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70231,70145],{"class":1422},[64,70233,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70235,103],{"class":95},[64,70237,3256],{"class":1418},[64,70239,70154],{"class":1422},[64,70241,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70243,746],{"class":95},[14,70245,70246],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[49,70248,70250],{"id":70249},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70252,70253],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[54,70255,70257],{"className":56,"code":70256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[61,70258,70259,70299,70303,70321,70325,70335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70260,70261,70263,70265,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70262,36196],{"class":74},[64,70264,92],{"class":91},[64,70266,112],{"class":95},[64,70268,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70270,4043],{"class":1422},[64,70272,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70274,103],{"class":95},[64,70276,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70278,4052],{"class":1422},[64,70280,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70282,103],{"class":95},[64,70284,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70286,4061],{"class":1422},[64,70288,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70290,103],{"class":95},[64,70292,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70294,33177],{"class":1422},[64,70296,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70298,746],{"class":95},[64,70300,70301],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70302,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70304,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,70306,69884],{"class":74},[64,70308,92],{"class":91},[64,70310,52811],{"class":74},[64,70312,137],{"class":95},[64,70314,26196],{"class":140},[64,70316,144],{"class":95},[64,70318,100],{"class":99},[64,70320,150],{"class":95},[64,70322,70323],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,70324,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70326,70327,70329,70331,70333],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,70328,212],{"class":211},[64,70330,144],{"class":95},[64,70332,69907],{"class":140},[64,70334,150],{"class":95},[64,70336,70337,70339,70341,70343],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,70338,212],{"class":211},[64,70340,144],{"class":95},[64,70342,36248],{"class":140},[64,70344,150],{"class":95},[14,70346,2035],{},[54,70348,70350],{"className":56,"code":70349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[61,70351,70352,70357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70353,70354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70355,70356],{"class":74},"banana\n",[64,70358,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70360,184],{"class":95},[64,70362,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70364,4043],{"class":1422},[64,70366,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70368,103],{"class":95},[64,70370,3256],{"class":1418},[64,70372,4061],{"class":1422},[64,70374,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70376,103],{"class":95},[64,70378,3256],{"class":1418},[64,70380,33177],{"class":1422},[64,70382,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70384,746],{"class":95},[14,70386,70387],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[54,70389,70391],{"className":56,"code":70390,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[61,70392,70393,70425,70429,70449,70453,70463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70394,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70396,36196],{"class":74},[64,70398,92],{"class":91},[64,70400,112],{"class":95},[64,70402,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70404,4043],{"class":1422},[64,70406,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70408,103],{"class":95},[64,70410,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70412,4052],{"class":1422},[64,70414,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70416,103],{"class":95},[64,70418,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70420,4061],{"class":1422},[64,70422,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70424,746],{"class":95},[64,70426,70427],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70428,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70430,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,70432,69884],{"class":74},[64,70434,92],{"class":91},[64,70436,52811],{"class":74},[64,70438,137],{"class":95},[64,70440,26196],{"class":140},[64,70442,144],{"class":95},[64,70444,1986],{"class":91},[64,70446,100],{"class":99},[64,70448,150],{"class":95},[64,70450,70451],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,70452,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70454,70455,70457,70459,70461],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,70456,212],{"class":211},[64,70458,144],{"class":95},[64,70460,69907],{"class":140},[64,70462,150],{"class":95},[64,70464,70465,70467,70469,70471],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,70466,212],{"class":211},[64,70468,144],{"class":95},[64,70470,36248],{"class":140},[64,70472,150],{"class":95},[14,70474,2035],{},[54,70476,70478],{"className":56,"code":70477,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[61,70479,70480,70485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70481,70482],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70483,70484],{"class":74},"cherry\n",[64,70486,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70488,184],{"class":95},[64,70490,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70492,4043],{"class":1422},[64,70494,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70496,103],{"class":95},[64,70498,3256],{"class":1418},[64,70500,4052],{"class":1422},[64,70502,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70504,746],{"class":95},[14,70506,70507,70508,70510],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[61,70509,65804],{}," means the last item.",[14,70512,70513,70514,137],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[543,70515,70516,1248],{"href":58913},[61,70517,64815],{},[49,70519,70521],{"id":70520},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70523,70524,70526],{},[61,70525,12729],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70528,70529,70530,40,70532,137],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[61,70531,12729],{},[543,70533,70534],{"href":55029},[61,70535,55486],{},[14,70537,318],{},[54,70539,70541],{"className":56,"code":70540,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[61,70542,70543,70575,70579,70598,70602,70613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70544,70545,70547,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70546,4959],{"class":74},[64,70548,92],{"class":91},[64,70550,112],{"class":95},[64,70552,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70554,12846],{"class":1422},[64,70556,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70558,103],{"class":95},[64,70560,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70562,35898],{"class":1422},[64,70564,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70566,103],{"class":95},[64,70568,3315],{"class":1418},[64,70570,35907],{"class":1422},[64,70572,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70574,746],{"class":95},[64,70576,70577],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70578,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70580,70581,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,70582,70583],{"class":74},"removed_name ",[64,70585,92],{"class":91},[64,70587,69526],{"class":74},[64,70589,137],{"class":95},[64,70591,26196],{"class":140},[64,70593,144],{"class":95},[64,70595,187],{"class":99},[64,70597,150],{"class":95},[64,70599,70600],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,70601,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70603,70604,70606,70608,70611],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,70605,212],{"class":211},[64,70607,144],{"class":95},[64,70609,70610],{"class":140},"removed_name",[64,70612,150],{"class":95},[64,70614,70615,70617,70619,70621],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,70616,212],{"class":211},[64,70618,144],{"class":95},[64,70620,5003],{"class":140},[64,70622,150],{"class":95},[14,70624,2035],{},[54,70626,70628],{"className":56,"code":70627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[61,70629,70630,70634],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70631,70632],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70633,49998],{"class":74},[64,70635,70636,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70637,184],{"class":95},[64,70639,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70641,35898],{"class":1422},[64,70643,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70645,103],{"class":95},[64,70647,3256],{"class":1418},[64,70649,35907],{"class":1422},[64,70651,3261],{"class":1418},[64,70653,746],{"class":95},[14,70655,70656],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70658,70659,70660,70662,70663,137],{},"By comparison, ",[61,70661,55486],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[61,70664,3741],{},[49,70666,70668],{"id":70667},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[816,70670,70672],{"id":70671},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70674,70675,70676,70678,70679,137],{},"If the list is empty, ",[61,70677,12729],{}," raises an ",[61,70680,70681],{},"IndexError",[54,70683,70685],{"className":56,"code":70684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[61,70686,70687,70695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70688,70689,70691,70693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70690,7749],{"class":74},[64,70692,92],{"class":91},[64,70694,7808],{"class":95},[64,70696,70697,70699,70701,70703],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70698,7779],{"class":74},[64,70700,137],{"class":95},[64,70702,26196],{"class":140},[64,70704,366],{"class":95},[14,70706,2035],{},[54,70708,70710],{"className":56,"code":70709,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[61,70711,70712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70713,70714,70716,70718,70721,70724,70727],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70715,70681],{"class":1778},[64,70717,1117],{"class":95},[64,70719,70720],{"class":74}," pop ",[64,70722,70723],{"class":70},"from",[64,70725,70726],{"class":74}," empty ",[64,70728,49844],{"class":1778},[14,70730,39219],{},[21,70732,70733,70738],{},[24,70734,70735,70736],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[61,70737,12729],{},[24,70739,70740,70741,40,70743],{},"Or handle the error with ",[61,70742,29758],{},[61,70744,29789],{},[14,70746,318],{},[54,70748,70750],{"className":56,"code":70749,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[61,70751,70752,70760,70764,70772,70786,70792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70753,70754,70756,70758],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70755,7749],{"class":74},[64,70757,92],{"class":91},[64,70759,7808],{"class":95},[64,70761,70762],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70763,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70765,70766,70768,70770],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,70767,6965],{"class":70},[64,70769,5934],{"class":74},[64,70771,6363],{"class":95},[64,70773,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782,70784],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,70775,8039],{"class":211},[64,70777,144],{"class":95},[64,70779,7779],{"class":140},[64,70781,137],{"class":95},[64,70783,26196],{"class":140},[64,70785,7162],{"class":95},[64,70787,70788,70790],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,70789,27388],{"class":70},[64,70791,6363],{"class":95},[64,70793,70794,70796,70798,70800,70803,70805],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,70795,8039],{"class":211},[64,70797,144],{"class":95},[64,70799,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70801,70802],{"class":1422},"The list is empty.",[64,70804,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70806,150],{"class":95},[816,70808,70810],{"id":70809},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70812,70813,70814,137],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[61,70815,70681],{},[54,70817,70819],{"className":56,"code":70818,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[61,70820,70821,70841],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70822,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70824,1161],{"class":74},[64,70826,92],{"class":91},[64,70828,112],{"class":95},[64,70830,1432],{"class":99},[64,70832,103],{"class":95},[64,70834,1437],{"class":99},[64,70836,103],{"class":95},[64,70838,7764],{"class":99},[64,70840,746],{"class":95},[64,70842,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70844,3611],{"class":74},[64,70846,137],{"class":95},[64,70848,26196],{"class":140},[64,70850,144],{"class":95},[64,70852,385],{"class":99},[64,70854,150],{"class":95},[14,70856,2035],{},[54,70858,70860],{"className":56,"code":70859,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[61,70861,70862],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70863,70864,70866,70868,70871],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70865,70681],{"class":1778},[64,70867,1117],{"class":95},[64,70869,70870],{"class":74}," pop index out of ",[64,70872,70873],{"class":211},"range\n",[14,70875,39219],{},[21,70877,70878,70883],{},[24,70879,70880,70881],{},"Check the list length with ",[61,70882,42320],{},[24,70884,70885],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[54,70887,70889],{"className":56,"code":70888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[61,70890,70891,70911,70920,70924,70946,70964,70970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,70892,70893,70895,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907,70909],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70894,1161],{"class":74},[64,70896,92],{"class":91},[64,70898,112],{"class":95},[64,70900,1432],{"class":99},[64,70902,103],{"class":95},[64,70904,1437],{"class":99},[64,70906,103],{"class":95},[64,70908,7764],{"class":99},[64,70910,746],{"class":95},[64,70912,70913,70916,70918],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,70914,70915],{"class":74},"index ",[64,70917,92],{"class":91},[64,70919,45547],{"class":99},[64,70921,70922],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,70923,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,70925,70926,70928,70930,70933,70936,70938,70940,70942,70944],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,70927,6965],{"class":70},[64,70929,3797],{"class":99},[64,70931,70932],{"class":91}," \u003C=",[64,70934,70935],{"class":74}," index ",[64,70937,3250],{"class":91},[64,70939,38343],{"class":211},[64,70941,144],{"class":95},[64,70943,3611],{"class":140},[64,70945,8312],{"class":95},[64,70947,70948,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,70949,8039],{"class":211},[64,70951,144],{"class":95},[64,70953,3611],{"class":140},[64,70955,137],{"class":95},[64,70957,26196],{"class":140},[64,70959,144],{"class":95},[64,70961,35803],{"class":140},[64,70963,1737],{"class":95},[64,70965,70966,70968],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,70967,27388],{"class":70},[64,70969,6363],{"class":95},[64,70971,70972,70974,70976,70978,70981,70983],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,70973,8039],{"class":211},[64,70975,144],{"class":95},[64,70977,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70979,70980],{"class":1422},"Index is out of range.",[64,70982,1419],{"class":1418},[64,70984,150],{"class":95},[14,70986,70987,70988,137],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[543,70989,69209],{"href":69208},[816,70991,70993],{"id":70992},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70995,70996,70998],{},[61,70997,12729],{}," expects an integer index.",[54,71000,71002],{"className":56,"code":71001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[61,71003,71004,71024],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71005,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020,71022],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71007,1161],{"class":74},[64,71009,92],{"class":91},[64,71011,112],{"class":95},[64,71013,1432],{"class":99},[64,71015,103],{"class":95},[64,71017,1437],{"class":99},[64,71019,103],{"class":95},[64,71021,7764],{"class":99},[64,71023,746],{"class":95},[64,71025,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71027,3611],{"class":74},[64,71029,137],{"class":95},[64,71031,26196],{"class":140},[64,71033,144],{"class":95},[64,71035,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71037,100],{"class":1422},[64,71039,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71041,150],{"class":95},[14,71043,2035],{},[54,71045,71047],{"className":56,"code":71046,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[61,71048,71049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71050,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061,71063,71066,71069],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71052,2964],{"class":1778},[64,71054,1117],{"class":95},[64,71056,3256],{"class":1418},[64,71058,3406],{"class":1422},[64,71060,3261],{"class":1418},[64,71062,24571],{"class":1778},[64,71064,71065],{"class":74}," cannot be interpreted ",[64,71067,71068],{"class":70},"as",[64,71070,71071],{"class":74}," an integer\n",[14,71073,39219],{},[21,71075,71076,71085],{},[24,71077,71078,71079,2153,71081,2157,71083],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[61,71080,187],{},[61,71082,100],{},[61,71084,65804],{},[24,71086,71087],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[54,71089,71091],{"className":56,"code":71090,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,71092,71093,71113,71131,71135,71153],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71094,71095,71097,71099,71101,71103,71105,71107,71109,71111],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71096,1161],{"class":74},[64,71098,92],{"class":91},[64,71100,112],{"class":95},[64,71102,1432],{"class":99},[64,71104,103],{"class":95},[64,71106,1437],{"class":99},[64,71108,103],{"class":95},[64,71110,7764],{"class":99},[64,71112,746],{"class":95},[64,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71116,70915],{"class":74},[64,71118,92],{"class":91},[64,71120,45234],{"class":1778},[64,71122,144],{"class":95},[64,71124,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71126,100],{"class":1422},[64,71128,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71130,150],{"class":95},[64,71132,71133],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,71134,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,71136,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,71138,212],{"class":211},[64,71140,144],{"class":95},[64,71142,3611],{"class":140},[64,71144,137],{"class":95},[64,71146,26196],{"class":140},[64,71148,144],{"class":95},[64,71150,35803],{"class":140},[64,71152,1737],{"class":95},[64,71154,71155,71157,71159,71161],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,71156,212],{"class":211},[64,71158,144],{"class":95},[64,71160,3611],{"class":140},[64,71162,150],{"class":95},[14,71164,2035],{},[54,71166,71168],{"className":56,"code":71167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[61,71169,71170,71175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71171,71172],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71173,71174],{"class":99},"20\n",[64,71176,71177,71179,71181,71183,71185],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71178,184],{"class":95},[64,71180,1432],{"class":99},[64,71182,103],{"class":95},[64,71184,7764],{"class":99},[64,71186,746],{"class":95},[49,71188,71190],{"id":71189},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71192,71193],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[816,71195,256,71197,10573],{"id":71196},"use-pop-when",[61,71198,12729],{},[21,71200,71201,71204,71207],{},[24,71202,71203],{},"you want to remove by index",[24,71205,71206],{},"you want the removed item returned",[24,71208,71209],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[816,71211,256,71213,10573],{"id":71212},"use-remove-when",[61,71214,55486],{},[21,71216,71217,71220],{},[24,71218,71219],{},"you want to remove by value",[24,71221,71222],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71224,71225],{},"Compare these examples:",[54,71227,71229],{"className":56,"code":71228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,71230,71231,71255,71259,71277,71287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71232,71233,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71234,1161],{"class":74},[64,71236,92],{"class":91},[64,71238,112],{"class":95},[64,71240,1432],{"class":99},[64,71242,103],{"class":95},[64,71244,1437],{"class":99},[64,71246,103],{"class":95},[64,71248,7764],{"class":99},[64,71250,103],{"class":95},[64,71252,1437],{"class":99},[64,71254,746],{"class":95},[64,71256,71257],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71258,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,71260,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,71262,69884],{"class":74},[64,71264,92],{"class":91},[64,71266,1191],{"class":74},[64,71268,137],{"class":95},[64,71270,26196],{"class":140},[64,71272,144],{"class":95},[64,71274,100],{"class":99},[64,71276,150],{"class":95},[64,71278,71279,71281,71283,71285],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,71280,212],{"class":211},[64,71282,144],{"class":95},[64,71284,69907],{"class":140},[64,71286,150],{"class":95},[64,71288,71289,71291,71293,71295],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,71290,212],{"class":211},[64,71292,144],{"class":95},[64,71294,3611],{"class":140},[64,71296,150],{"class":95},[14,71298,2035],{},[54,71300,71302],{"className":56,"code":71301,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[61,71303,71304,71308],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71305,71306],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71307,71174],{"class":99},[64,71309,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71311,184],{"class":95},[64,71313,1432],{"class":99},[64,71315,103],{"class":95},[64,71317,7764],{"class":99},[64,71319,103],{"class":95},[64,71321,1437],{"class":99},[64,71323,746],{"class":95},[54,71325,71327],{"className":56,"code":71326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,71328,71329,71353,71357,71371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71330,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339,71341,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71332,1161],{"class":74},[64,71334,92],{"class":91},[64,71336,112],{"class":95},[64,71338,1432],{"class":99},[64,71340,103],{"class":95},[64,71342,1437],{"class":99},[64,71344,103],{"class":95},[64,71346,7764],{"class":99},[64,71348,103],{"class":95},[64,71350,1437],{"class":99},[64,71352,746],{"class":95},[64,71354,71355],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71356,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,71358,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,71360,3611],{"class":74},[64,71362,137],{"class":95},[64,71364,34752],{"class":140},[64,71366,144],{"class":95},[64,71368,15707],{"class":99},[64,71370,150],{"class":95},[64,71372,71373,71375,71377,71379],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,71374,212],{"class":211},[64,71376,144],{"class":95},[64,71378,3611],{"class":140},[64,71380,150],{"class":95},[14,71382,2035],{},[54,71384,71386],{"className":56,"code":71385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[61,71387,71388],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71389,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71391,184],{"class":95},[64,71393,1432],{"class":99},[64,71395,103],{"class":95},[64,71397,7764],{"class":99},[64,71399,103],{"class":95},[64,71401,1437],{"class":99},[64,71403,746],{"class":95},[14,71405,71406,71407,71410,71411,137],{},"In the first example, ",[61,71408,71409],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[61,71412,100],{},[14,71414,56557,71415,71418,71419,137],{},[61,71416,71417],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[61,71420,15707],{},[14,71422,71423,71424,137],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[543,71425,55025],{"href":55024},[49,71427,1646],{"id":1645},[14,71429,71430,71431,1117],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[61,71432,12729],{},[21,71434,71435,71438,71441,71447,71451],{},[24,71436,71437],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[24,71439,71440],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[24,71442,37161,71443,8675,71445],{},[61,71444,12729],{},[61,71446,55486],{},[24,71448,8423,71449,61921],{},[61,71450,12729],{},[24,71452,71453],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71455,71456],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[54,71458,71460],{"className":56,"code":71459,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[61,71461,71462,71472,71486,71500,71518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71463,71464,71466,71468,71470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71465,212],{"class":211},[64,71467,144],{"class":95},[64,71469,8309],{"class":140},[64,71471,150],{"class":95},[64,71473,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71475,212],{"class":211},[64,71477,144],{"class":95},[64,71479,11134],{"class":211},[64,71481,144],{"class":95},[64,71483,8309],{"class":140},[64,71485,1737],{"class":95},[64,71487,71488,71490,71492,71494,71496,71498],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,71489,212],{"class":211},[64,71491,144],{"class":95},[64,71493,8309],{"class":140},[64,71495,137],{"class":95},[64,71497,26196],{"class":140},[64,71499,7162],{"class":95},[64,71501,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510,71512,71514,71516],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,71503,212],{"class":211},[64,71505,144],{"class":95},[64,71507,8309],{"class":140},[64,71509,137],{"class":95},[64,71511,26196],{"class":140},[64,71513,144],{"class":95},[64,71515,187],{"class":99},[64,71517,1737],{"class":95},[64,71519,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,71521,212],{"class":211},[64,71523,144],{"class":95},[64,71525,1779],{"class":1778},[64,71527,144],{"class":95},[64,71529,35803],{"class":140},[64,71531,1737],{"class":95},[14,71533,71534],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[21,71536,71537,71543],{},[24,71538,71539,71542],{},[61,71540,71541],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[24,71544,71545,71548],{},[61,71546,71547],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71550,71551,71552,71555],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[61,71553,71554],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[49,71557,1826],{"id":1825},[816,71559,71561],{"id":71560},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71563,71564,71565,71567],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[61,71566,12729],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[816,71569,71571],{"id":71570},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71573,71574,71576,71577,71579,71580,137],{},[61,71575,12729],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[61,71578,55486],{}," removes by value and returns ",[61,71581,3741],{},[816,71583,71585],{"id":71584},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71587,71588,71589,71592],{},"Yes. For example, ",[61,71590,71591],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[816,71594,71596],{"id":71595},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71598,71599,71600,71602],{},"Python raises ",[61,71601,70681],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[49,71604,1865],{"id":1864},[21,71606,71607,71611,71616,71621,71626],{},[24,71608,71609],{},[543,71610,55472],{"href":55024},[24,71612,71613],{},[543,71614,71615],{"href":55029},"Python list remove() method",[24,71617,71618],{},[543,71619,71620],{"href":58913},"Python list index() method",[24,71622,71623],{},[543,71624,71625],{"href":50938},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[24,71627,71628],{},[543,71629,69209],{"href":69208},[1898,71631,71632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":71634},[71635,71636,71637,71638,71639,71640,71641,71646,71652,71653,71659],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":69810,"depth":78,"text":69811},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":70120,"depth":78,"text":70121},{"id":70249,"depth":78,"text":70250},{"id":70520,"depth":78,"text":70521},{"id":70667,"depth":78,"text":70668,"children":71642},[71643,71644,71645],{"id":70671,"depth":85,"text":70672},{"id":70809,"depth":85,"text":70810},{"id":70992,"depth":85,"text":70993},{"id":71189,"depth":78,"text":71190,"children":71647},[71648,71650],{"id":71196,"depth":85,"text":71649},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71212,"depth":85,"text":71651},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":71654},[71655,71656,71657,71658],{"id":71560,"depth":85,"text":71561},{"id":71570,"depth":85,"text":71571},{"id":71584,"depth":85,"text":71585},{"id":71595,"depth":85,"text":71596},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69677,"description":71660},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71667,"title":71668,"body":71669,"description":73454,"extension":1927,"meta":73455,"navigation":81,"path":73456,"seo":73457,"stem":73458,"__hash__":73459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71670,"toc":73436},[71671,71674,71679,71685,71687,71757,71763,71767,71772,71793,71796,71863,71865,71886,71894,71896,71915,71931,71933,71998,72000,72025,72027,72029,72094,72096,72121,72123,72137,72140,72193,72195,72216,72220,72228,72301,72303,72336,72342,72348,72439,72441,72466,72472,72561,72563,72587,72589,72593,72648,72650,72682,72685,72688,72782,72784,72817,72823,72829,72833,72840,72866,72870,72935,72937,72962,72966,73047,73049,73078,73083,73088,73093,73097,73104,73126,73130,73189,73191,73215,73224,73229,73231,73235,73264,73266,73341,73344,73358,73364,73366,73370,73373,73377,73382,73386,73395,73399,73407,73409,73433],[10,71672,71668],{"id":71673},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71675,1944,71676,71678],{},[61,71677,55032],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71680,71681,71682,71684],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[37,71683,2436],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[49,71686,52],{"id":51},[54,71688,71690],{"className":56,"code":71689,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[61,71691,71692,71724,71742,71752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71693,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704,71706,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71695,7749],{"class":74},[64,71697,92],{"class":91},[64,71699,112],{"class":95},[64,71701,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71703,4043],{"class":1422},[64,71705,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71707,103],{"class":95},[64,71709,3315],{"class":1418},[64,71711,4052],{"class":1422},[64,71713,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71715,103],{"class":95},[64,71717,3315],{"class":1418},[64,71719,33177],{"class":1422},[64,71721,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71723,746],{"class":95},[64,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71727,7779],{"class":74},[64,71729,137],{"class":95},[64,71731,34752],{"class":140},[64,71733,144],{"class":95},[64,71735,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71737,4052],{"class":1422},[64,71739,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71741,150],{"class":95},[64,71743,71744,71746,71748,71750],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,71745,212],{"class":211},[64,71747,144],{"class":95},[64,71749,7779],{"class":140},[64,71751,150],{"class":95},[64,71753,71754],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,71755,71756],{"class":222},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71758,256,71759,71762],{},[61,71760,71761],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[49,71764,71766],{"id":71765},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71768,71769,71771],{},[61,71770,55486],{}," is a list method that:",[21,71773,71774,71780,71785,71790],{},[24,71775,71776,71777,71779],{},"Deletes the ",[37,71778,29863],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[24,71781,71782,71783],{},"Changes the original list ",[37,71784,11307],{},[24,71786,12670,71787,71789],{},[37,71788,300],{}," return a new list",[24,71791,71792],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71794,71795],{},"This is important for beginners:",[54,71797,71799],{"className":56,"code":71798,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[61,71800,71801,71821,71839,71843,71853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71802,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71804,1161],{"class":74},[64,71806,92],{"class":91},[64,71808,112],{"class":95},[64,71810,100],{"class":99},[64,71812,103],{"class":95},[64,71814,106],{"class":99},[64,71816,103],{"class":95},[64,71818,743],{"class":99},[64,71820,746],{"class":95},[64,71822,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71824,2194],{"class":74},[64,71826,92],{"class":91},[64,71828,1191],{"class":74},[64,71830,137],{"class":95},[64,71832,34752],{"class":140},[64,71834,144],{"class":95},[64,71836,2021],{"class":99},[64,71838,150],{"class":95},[64,71840,71841],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,71842,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,71844,71845,71847,71849,71851],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,71846,212],{"class":211},[64,71848,144],{"class":95},[64,71850,3611],{"class":140},[64,71852,150],{"class":95},[64,71854,71855,71857,71859,71861],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,71856,212],{"class":211},[64,71858,144],{"class":95},[64,71860,2229],{"class":140},[64,71862,150],{"class":95},[14,71864,2035],{},[54,71866,71868],{"className":56,"code":71867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[61,71869,71870,71882],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71871,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71873,184],{"class":95},[64,71875,100],{"class":99},[64,71877,103],{"class":95},[64,71879,743],{"class":99},[64,71881,746],{"class":95},[64,71883,71884],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71885,11782],{"class":3816},[14,71887,71888,71889,71891,71892,137],{},"The list changed, but ",[61,71890,55486],{}," itself returned ",[61,71893,3741],{},[49,71895,5398],{"id":5397},[54,71897,71899],{"className":56,"code":71898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list.remove(value)\n",[61,71900,71901],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71904,8064],{"class":1778},[64,71906,137],{"class":95},[64,71908,34752],{"class":140},[64,71910,144],{"class":95},[64,71912,2436],{"class":140},[64,71914,150],{"class":95},[21,71916,71917,71922,71925],{},[24,71918,71919,71921],{},[61,71920,2436],{}," is the item you want to delete",[24,71923,71924],{},"Python searches from left to right",[24,71926,71927,71928,71930],{},"Only the ",[37,71929,29863],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71932,318],{},[54,71934,71936],{"className":56,"code":71935,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,71937,71938,71970,71988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,71939,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71941,36048],{"class":74},[64,71943,92],{"class":91},[64,71945,112],{"class":95},[64,71947,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71949,543],{"class":1422},[64,71951,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71953,103],{"class":95},[64,71955,3315],{"class":1418},[64,71957,1235],{"class":1422},[64,71959,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71961,103],{"class":95},[64,71963,3315],{"class":1418},[64,71965,9711],{"class":1422},[64,71967,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71969,746],{"class":95},[64,71971,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,71973,36101],{"class":74},[64,71975,137],{"class":95},[64,71977,34752],{"class":140},[64,71979,144],{"class":95},[64,71981,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71983,1235],{"class":1422},[64,71985,1419],{"class":1418},[64,71987,150],{"class":95},[64,71989,71990,71992,71994,71996],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,71991,212],{"class":211},[64,71993,144],{"class":95},[64,71995,36101],{"class":140},[64,71997,150],{"class":95},[14,71999,2035],{},[54,72001,72003],{"className":56,"code":72002,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'c']\n",[61,72004,72005],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72006,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72008,184],{"class":95},[64,72010,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72012,543],{"class":1422},[64,72014,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72016,103],{"class":95},[64,72018,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72020,9711],{"class":1422},[64,72022,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72024,746],{"class":95},[49,72026,5755],{"id":5754},[14,72028,65124],{},[54,72030,72032],{"className":56,"code":72031,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[61,72033,72034,72066,72084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72035,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72037,13041],{"class":74},[64,72039,92],{"class":91},[64,72041,112],{"class":95},[64,72043,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72045,13058],{"class":1422},[64,72047,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72049,103],{"class":95},[64,72051,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72053,13075],{"class":1422},[64,72055,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72057,103],{"class":95},[64,72059,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72061,17409],{"class":1422},[64,72063,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72065,746],{"class":95},[64,72067,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72069,17456],{"class":74},[64,72071,137],{"class":95},[64,72073,34752],{"class":140},[64,72075,144],{"class":95},[64,72077,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72079,13075],{"class":1422},[64,72081,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72083,150],{"class":95},[64,72085,72086,72088,72090,72092],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,72087,212],{"class":211},[64,72089,144],{"class":95},[64,72091,17456],{"class":140},[64,72093,150],{"class":95},[14,72095,2035],{},[54,72097,72099],{"className":56,"code":72098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['red', 'green']\n",[61,72100,72101],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72102,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72104,184],{"class":95},[64,72106,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72108,13058],{"class":1422},[64,72110,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72112,103],{"class":95},[64,72114,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72116,17409],{"class":1422},[64,72118,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72120,746],{"class":95},[14,72122,11657],{},[21,72124,72125,72128,72134],{},[24,72126,72127],{},"A list is created with three values",[24,72129,72130,72133],{},[61,72131,72132],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[24,72135,72136],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72138,72139],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[54,72141,72143],{"className":56,"code":72142,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[61,72144,72145,72169,72183],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72146,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72148,5028],{"class":74},[64,72150,92],{"class":91},[64,72152,112],{"class":95},[64,72154,1432],{"class":99},[64,72156,103],{"class":95},[64,72158,1437],{"class":99},[64,72160,103],{"class":95},[64,72162,7764],{"class":99},[64,72164,103],{"class":95},[64,72166,50802],{"class":99},[64,72168,746],{"class":95},[64,72170,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72172,1423],{"class":74},[64,72174,137],{"class":95},[64,72176,34752],{"class":140},[64,72178,144],{"class":95},[64,72180,1497],{"class":99},[64,72182,150],{"class":95},[64,72184,72185,72187,72189,72191],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,72186,212],{"class":211},[64,72188,144],{"class":95},[64,72190,1423],{"class":140},[64,72192,150],{"class":95},[14,72194,2035],{},[54,72196,72198],{"className":56,"code":72197,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[61,72199,72200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72203,184],{"class":95},[64,72205,1432],{"class":99},[64,72207,103],{"class":95},[64,72209,1437],{"class":99},[64,72211,103],{"class":95},[64,72213,50802],{"class":99},[64,72215,746],{"class":95},[49,72217,72219],{"id":72218},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72221,65114,72222,72224,72225,72227],{},[61,72223,55486],{}," deletes only the ",[37,72226,29863],{}," one.",[54,72229,72231],{"className":56,"code":72230,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[61,72232,72233,72273,72291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72234,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72236,7749],{"class":74},[64,72238,92],{"class":91},[64,72240,112],{"class":95},[64,72242,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72244,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72246,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72248,103],{"class":95},[64,72250,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72252,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72254,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72256,103],{"class":95},[64,72258,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72260,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72262,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72264,103],{"class":95},[64,72266,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72268,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72270,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72272,746],{"class":95},[64,72274,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72276,7779],{"class":74},[64,72278,137],{"class":95},[64,72280,34752],{"class":140},[64,72282,144],{"class":95},[64,72284,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72286,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72288,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72290,150],{"class":95},[64,72292,72293,72295,72297,72299],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,72294,212],{"class":211},[64,72296,144],{"class":95},[64,72298,7779],{"class":140},[64,72300,150],{"class":95},[14,72302,2035],{},[54,72304,72306],{"className":56,"code":72305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[61,72307,72308],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72309,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72311,184],{"class":95},[64,72313,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72315,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72317,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72319,103],{"class":95},[64,72321,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72323,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72325,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72327,103],{"class":95},[64,72329,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72331,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72333,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72335,746],{"class":95},[14,72337,72338,72339,72341],{},"Only the first ",[61,72340,57782],{}," was removed.",[14,72343,72344,72345,72347],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[61,72346,55486],{}," again:",[54,72349,72351],{"className":56,"code":72350,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[61,72352,72353,72393,72411,72429],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72354,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72356,7749],{"class":74},[64,72358,92],{"class":91},[64,72360,112],{"class":95},[64,72362,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72364,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72366,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72368,103],{"class":95},[64,72370,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72372,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72374,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72376,103],{"class":95},[64,72378,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72380,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72382,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72384,103],{"class":95},[64,72386,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72388,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72390,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72392,746],{"class":95},[64,72394,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72396,7779],{"class":74},[64,72398,137],{"class":95},[64,72400,34752],{"class":140},[64,72402,144],{"class":95},[64,72404,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72406,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72408,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72410,150],{"class":95},[64,72412,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,72414,7779],{"class":74},[64,72416,137],{"class":95},[64,72418,34752],{"class":140},[64,72420,144],{"class":95},[64,72422,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72424,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72426,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72428,150],{"class":95},[64,72430,72431,72433,72435,72437],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,72432,212],{"class":211},[64,72434,144],{"class":95},[64,72436,7779],{"class":140},[64,72438,150],{"class":95},[14,72440,2035],{},[54,72442,72444],{"className":56,"code":72443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[61,72445,72446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72447,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72449,184],{"class":95},[64,72451,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72453,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72455,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72457,103],{"class":95},[64,72459,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72461,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72463,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72465,746],{"class":95},[14,72467,72468,72469,72471],{},"If you need to remove ",[37,72470,3678],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[54,72473,72475],{"className":56,"code":72474,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[61,72476,72477,72517,72551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72478,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72480,7749],{"class":74},[64,72482,92],{"class":91},[64,72484,112],{"class":95},[64,72486,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72488,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72490,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72492,103],{"class":95},[64,72494,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72496,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72498,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72500,103],{"class":95},[64,72502,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72504,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72506,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72508,103],{"class":95},[64,72510,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72512,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72514,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72516,746],{"class":95},[64,72518,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72536,72538,72540,72543,72545,72547,72549],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72520,7749],{"class":74},[64,72522,92],{"class":91},[64,72524,112],{"class":95},[64,72526,28492],{"class":74},[64,72528,5926],{"class":70},[64,72530,5929],{"class":74},[64,72532,3847],{"class":70},[64,72534,72535],{"class":74}," items ",[64,72537,6965],{"class":70},[64,72539,5929],{"class":74},[64,72541,72542],{"class":91},"!=",[64,72544,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72546,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72548,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72550,746],{"class":95},[64,72552,72553,72555,72557,72559],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,72554,212],{"class":211},[64,72556,144],{"class":95},[64,72558,7779],{"class":140},[64,72560,150],{"class":95},[14,72562,2035],{},[54,72564,72565],{"className":56,"code":72443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,72566,72567],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72568,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72570,184],{"class":95},[64,72572,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72574,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72576,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72578,103],{"class":95},[64,72580,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72582,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72584,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72586,746],{"class":95},[49,72588,65580],{"id":65579},[14,72590,65583,72591,137],{},[61,72592,40662],{},[54,72594,72596],{"className":56,"code":72595,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[61,72597,72598,72630],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72599,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72601,7749],{"class":74},[64,72603,92],{"class":91},[64,72605,112],{"class":95},[64,72607,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72609,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72611,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72613,103],{"class":95},[64,72615,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72617,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72619,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72621,103],{"class":95},[64,72623,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72625,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72627,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72629,746],{"class":95},[64,72631,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72633,7779],{"class":74},[64,72635,137],{"class":95},[64,72637,34752],{"class":140},[64,72639,144],{"class":95},[64,72641,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72643,22486],{"class":1422},[64,72645,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72647,150],{"class":95},[14,72649,2035],{},[54,72651,72653],{"className":56,"code":72652,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[61,72654,72655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72656,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72658,40662],{"class":1778},[64,72660,1117],{"class":95},[64,72662,22513],{"class":1778},[64,72664,137],{"class":95},[64,72666,34752],{"class":140},[64,72668,144],{"class":95},[64,72670,2137],{"class":140},[64,72672,16404],{"class":95},[64,72674,3844],{"class":74},[64,72676,300],{"class":91},[64,72678,21127],{"class":91},[64,72680,72681],{"class":1778}," list\n",[14,72683,72684],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72686,72687],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[54,72689,72691],{"className":56,"code":72690,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,72692,72693,72725,72737,72741,72753,72768,72772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72694,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72696,7749],{"class":74},[64,72698,92],{"class":91},[64,72700,112],{"class":95},[64,72702,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72704,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72706,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72708,103],{"class":95},[64,72710,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72712,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72714,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72716,103],{"class":95},[64,72718,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72720,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72722,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72724,746],{"class":95},[64,72726,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72728,2411],{"class":74},[64,72730,92],{"class":91},[64,72732,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72734,22486],{"class":1422},[64,72736,3321],{"class":1418},[64,72738,72739],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,72740,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,72742,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,72744,6965],{"class":70},[64,72746,21537],{"class":74},[64,72748,3847],{"class":91},[64,72750,5934],{"class":74},[64,72752,6363],{"class":95},[64,72754,72755,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,72756,72757],{"class":74},"    items",[64,72759,137],{"class":95},[64,72761,34752],{"class":140},[64,72763,144],{"class":95},[64,72765,2436],{"class":140},[64,72767,150],{"class":95},[64,72769,72770],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,72771,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,72773,72774,72776,72778,72780],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,72775,212],{"class":211},[64,72777,144],{"class":95},[64,72779,7779],{"class":140},[64,72781,150],{"class":95},[14,72783,2035],{},[54,72785,72787],{"className":56,"code":72786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[61,72788,72789],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72790,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72792,184],{"class":95},[64,72794,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72796,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72798,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72800,103],{"class":95},[64,72802,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72804,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72806,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72808,103],{"class":95},[64,72810,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72812,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72814,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72816,746],{"class":95},[14,72818,72819,72820,72822],{},"This avoids the error because ",[61,72821,55486],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72824,72825,72826,137],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[543,72827,65789],{"href":72828},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[49,72830,72832],{"id":72831},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72834,72835,40,72837,72839],{},[61,72836,55486],{},[61,72838,12729],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[21,72841,72842,72849,72855,72861],{},[24,72843,72844,72846,72847],{},[61,72845,55486],{}," deletes by ",[37,72848,2436],{},[24,72850,72851,72846,72853],{},[61,72852,12729],{},[37,72854,35803],{},[24,72856,72857,2361,72859],{},[61,72858,55486],{},[61,72860,3741],{},[24,72862,72863,72865],{},[61,72864,12729],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72867,45998,72868,1117],{},[61,72869,55486],{},[54,72871,72873],{"className":56,"code":72872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[61,72874,72875,72907,72925],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72876,72877,72879,72881,72883,72885,72887,72889,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72878,7749],{"class":74},[64,72880,92],{"class":91},[64,72882,112],{"class":95},[64,72884,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72886,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72888,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72890,103],{"class":95},[64,72892,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72894,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72896,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72898,103],{"class":95},[64,72900,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72902,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72904,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72906,746],{"class":95},[64,72908,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,72910,7779],{"class":74},[64,72912,137],{"class":95},[64,72914,34752],{"class":140},[64,72916,144],{"class":95},[64,72918,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72920,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72924,150],{"class":95},[64,72926,72927,72929,72931,72933],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,72928,212],{"class":211},[64,72930,144],{"class":95},[64,72932,7779],{"class":140},[64,72934,150],{"class":95},[14,72936,2035],{},[54,72938,72940],{"className":56,"code":72939,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[61,72941,72942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72943,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72945,184],{"class":95},[64,72947,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72949,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72951,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72953,103],{"class":95},[64,72955,3256],{"class":1418},[64,72957,33177],{"class":1422},[64,72959,3261],{"class":1418},[64,72961,746],{"class":95},[14,72963,45998,72964,1117],{},[61,72965,12729],{},[54,72967,72969],{"className":56,"code":72968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[61,72970,72971,73003,73022,73026,73036],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,72972,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72974,7749],{"class":74},[64,72976,92],{"class":91},[64,72978,112],{"class":95},[64,72980,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72982,4043],{"class":1422},[64,72984,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72986,103],{"class":95},[64,72988,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72990,4052],{"class":1422},[64,72992,1419],{"class":1418},[64,72994,103],{"class":95},[64,72996,3315],{"class":1418},[64,72998,33177],{"class":1422},[64,73000,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73002,746],{"class":95},[64,73004,73005,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73006,73007],{"class":74},"removed_item ",[64,73009,92],{"class":91},[64,73011,5934],{"class":74},[64,73013,137],{"class":95},[64,73015,26196],{"class":140},[64,73017,144],{"class":95},[64,73019,100],{"class":99},[64,73021,150],{"class":95},[64,73023,73024],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73025,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,73027,73028,73030,73032,73034],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,73029,212],{"class":211},[64,73031,144],{"class":95},[64,73033,7779],{"class":140},[64,73035,150],{"class":95},[64,73037,73038,73040,73042,73045],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,73039,212],{"class":211},[64,73041,144],{"class":95},[64,73043,73044],{"class":140},"removed_item",[64,73046,150],{"class":95},[14,73048,2035],{},[54,73050,73052],{"className":56,"code":73051,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[61,73053,73054,73074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73055,73056,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73057,184],{"class":95},[64,73059,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73061,4043],{"class":1422},[64,73063,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73065,103],{"class":95},[64,73067,3256],{"class":1418},[64,73069,33177],{"class":1422},[64,73071,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73073,746],{"class":95},[64,73075,73076],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73077,70356],{"class":74},[14,73079,256,73080,73082],{},[61,73081,55486],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73084,256,73085,73087],{},[61,73086,12729],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73089,1242,73090,137],{},[543,73091,73092],{"href":55036},"Python list pop() method",[49,73094,73096],{"id":73095},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73098,73099,40,73101,73103],{},[61,73100,55486],{},[61,73102,26979],{}," are also different.",[21,73105,73106,73111,73116,73121],{},[24,73107,73108,73110],{},[61,73109,55486],{}," deletes by matching value",[24,73112,73113,73115],{},[61,73114,26979],{}," deletes by index or slice",[24,73117,256,73118,73120],{},[61,73119,26979],{}," when you know the position",[24,73122,256,73123,73125],{},[61,73124,55486],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73127,45998,73128,1117],{},[61,73129,26979],{},[54,73131,73133],{"className":56,"code":73132,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[61,73134,73135,73167,73179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73136,73137,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73138,7749],{"class":74},[64,73140,92],{"class":91},[64,73142,112],{"class":95},[64,73144,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73146,4043],{"class":1422},[64,73148,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73150,103],{"class":95},[64,73152,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73154,4052],{"class":1422},[64,73156,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73158,103],{"class":95},[64,73160,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73162,33177],{"class":1422},[64,73164,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73166,746],{"class":95},[64,73168,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73170,26979],{"class":70},[64,73172,5934],{"class":74},[64,73174,184],{"class":95},[64,73176,100],{"class":99},[64,73178,746],{"class":95},[64,73180,73181,73183,73185,73187],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73182,212],{"class":211},[64,73184,144],{"class":95},[64,73186,7779],{"class":140},[64,73188,150],{"class":95},[14,73190,2035],{},[54,73192,73193],{"className":56,"code":72939,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,73194,73195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73196,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73198,184],{"class":95},[64,73200,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73202,4043],{"class":1422},[64,73204,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73206,103],{"class":95},[64,73208,3256],{"class":1418},[64,73210,33177],{"class":1422},[64,73212,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73214,746],{"class":95},[14,73216,73217,73218,73220,73221,73223],{},"This removed the item at index ",[61,73219,100],{},", not the value ",[61,73222,65224],{}," directly.",[14,73225,73226,73227,137],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[543,73228,55025],{"href":55024},[49,73230,1646],{"id":1645},[14,73232,21164,73233,1117],{},[61,73234,55486],{},[21,73236,73237,73240,73245,73252,73261],{},[24,73238,73239],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[24,73241,8423,73242,73244],{},[61,73243,55486],{}," to delete all matching values",[24,73246,12561,73247,73249,73250],{},[61,73248,55486],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[61,73251,3741],{},[24,73253,1654,73254,44587,73256,2839,73258,73260],{},[61,73255,55486],{},[61,73257,12729],{},[61,73259,26979],{}," would be a better fit",[24,73262,73263],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73265,71456],{},[54,73267,73269],{"className":56,"code":73268,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[61,73270,73271,73281,73295,73313,73327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73272,73273,73275,73277,73279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73274,212],{"class":211},[64,73276,144],{"class":95},[64,73278,8309],{"class":140},[64,73280,150],{"class":95},[64,73282,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73284,212],{"class":211},[64,73286,144],{"class":95},[64,73288,2411],{"class":140},[64,73290,3847],{"class":70},[64,73292,8366],{"class":140},[64,73294,150],{"class":95},[64,73296,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73298,212],{"class":211},[64,73300,144],{"class":95},[64,73302,8309],{"class":140},[64,73304,137],{"class":95},[64,73306,41218],{"class":140},[64,73308,144],{"class":95},[64,73310,2436],{"class":140},[64,73312,1737],{"class":95},[64,73314,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,73316,212],{"class":211},[64,73318,144],{"class":95},[64,73320,1779],{"class":1778},[64,73322,144],{"class":95},[64,73324,8309],{"class":140},[64,73326,1737],{"class":95},[64,73328,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,73330,32108],{"class":211},[64,73332,144],{"class":95},[64,73334,8064],{"class":1778},[64,73336,137],{"class":95},[64,73338,34752],{"class":24704},[64,73340,150],{"class":95},[14,73342,73343],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[21,73345,73346,73349,73352,73355],{},[24,73347,73348],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[24,73350,73351],{},"How many times does it appear?",[24,73353,73354],{},"Am I working with a list?",[24,73356,73357],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73359,73360,73361,73363],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[543,73362,71620],{"href":58913}," may also help.",[49,73365,1826],{"id":1825},[816,73367,73369],{"id":73368},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73371,73372],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[816,73374,73376],{"id":73375},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73378,5113,73379,73381],{},[61,73380,3741],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[816,73383,73385],{"id":73384},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73387,73388,73389,73392,73393,137],{},"Check with ",[61,73390,73391],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[61,73394,55486],{},[816,73396,73398],{"id":73397},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73400,256,73401,73403,73404,73406],{},[61,73402,55486],{}," for a value and ",[61,73405,12729],{}," for an index.",[49,73408,1865],{"id":1864},[21,73410,73411,73415,73419,73423,73427],{},[24,73412,73413],{},[543,73414,55472],{"href":55024},[24,73416,73417],{},[543,73418,73092],{"href":55036},[24,73420,73421],{},[543,73422,71620],{"href":58913},[24,73424,73425],{},[543,73426,65789],{"href":72828},[24,73428,73429],{},[543,73430,73432],{"href":73431},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1898,73434,73435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":73437},[73438,73439,73440,73441,73442,73443,73444,73445,73446,73447,73453],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":71765,"depth":78,"text":71766},{"id":5397,"depth":78,"text":5398},{"id":5754,"depth":78,"text":5755},{"id":72218,"depth":78,"text":72219},{"id":65579,"depth":78,"text":65580},{"id":72831,"depth":78,"text":72832},{"id":73095,"depth":78,"text":73096},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":73448},[73449,73450,73451,73452],{"id":73368,"depth":85,"text":73369},{"id":73375,"depth":85,"text":73376},{"id":73384,"depth":85,"text":73385},{"id":73397,"depth":85,"text":73398},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71668,"description":73454},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73461,"title":73462,"body":73463,"description":75354,"extension":1927,"meta":75355,"navigation":81,"path":75356,"seo":75357,"stem":75358,"__hash__":75359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73464,"toc":75324},[73465,73471,73477,73480,73491,73493,73542,73547,73552,73556,73571,73573,73638,73640,73681,73683,73685,73700,73702,73713,73715,73772,73774,73807,73809,73812,73861,73863,73888,73890,73906,73912,73919,73980,73982,74015,74020,74023,74103,74105,74166,74172,74176,74179,74243,74245,74270,74272,74292,74294,74343,74345,74366,74375,74378,74382,74387,74432,74434,74455,74461,74466,74474,74538,74540,74577,74583,74587,74594,74659,74661,74698,74702,74719,74729,74734,74739,74750,74757,74759,74765,74788,74791,74818,74823,74826,74927,74929,74984,74987,75094,75096,75167,75170,75196,75198,75203,75207,75215,75220,75225,75231,75236,75240,75243,75260,75263,75283,75291,75293,75321],[10,73466,54301,73468,11295],{"id":73467},"python-list-reverse-method",[61,73469,73470],{},"reverse()",[14,73472,73473,73476],{},[61,73474,73475],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73478,73479],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73481,73482,73483,73485,73486,73490],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[61,73484,73470],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[543,73487,73489],{"href":73488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[49,73492,3572],{"id":3571},[54,73494,73496],{"className":56,"code":73495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[61,73497,73498,73518,73529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73499,73500,73502,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73501,1161],{"class":74},[64,73503,92],{"class":91},[64,73505,112],{"class":95},[64,73507,100],{"class":99},[64,73509,103],{"class":95},[64,73511,106],{"class":99},[64,73513,103],{"class":95},[64,73515,743],{"class":99},[64,73517,746],{"class":95},[64,73519,73520,73522,73524,73527],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73521,3611],{"class":74},[64,73523,137],{"class":95},[64,73525,73526],{"class":140},"reverse",[64,73528,366],{"class":95},[64,73530,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73532,212],{"class":211},[64,73534,144],{"class":95},[64,73536,3611],{"class":140},[64,73538,219],{"class":95},[64,73540,73541],{"class":222},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73543,73544,73546],{},[61,73545,73470],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[49,73548,3639,73550,3642],{"id":73549},"what-listreverse-does",[61,73551,73475],{},[14,73553,73554,1117],{},[61,73555,73475],{},[21,73557,73558,73561,73564,73568],{},[24,73559,73560],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[24,73562,73563],{},"Changes the original list directly",[24,73565,11397,73566],{},[61,73567,3741],{},[24,73569,73570],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73572,318],{},[54,73574,73576],{"className":56,"code":73575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[61,73577,73578,73618,73628],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73579,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73581,36048],{"class":74},[64,73583,92],{"class":91},[64,73585,112],{"class":95},[64,73587,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73589,543],{"class":1422},[64,73591,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73593,103],{"class":95},[64,73595,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73597,1235],{"class":1422},[64,73599,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73601,103],{"class":95},[64,73603,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73605,9711],{"class":1422},[64,73607,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73609,103],{"class":95},[64,73611,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73613,18721],{"class":1422},[64,73615,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73617,746],{"class":95},[64,73619,73620,73622,73624,73626],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73621,36101],{"class":74},[64,73623,137],{"class":95},[64,73625,73526],{"class":140},[64,73627,366],{"class":95},[64,73629,73630,73632,73634,73636],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73631,212],{"class":211},[64,73633,144],{"class":95},[64,73635,36101],{"class":140},[64,73637,150],{"class":95},[14,73639,2035],{},[54,73641,73643],{"className":56,"code":73642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[61,73644,73645],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73646,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73648,184],{"class":95},[64,73650,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73652,18721],{"class":1422},[64,73654,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73656,103],{"class":95},[64,73658,3256],{"class":1418},[64,73660,9711],{"class":1422},[64,73662,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73664,103],{"class":95},[64,73666,3256],{"class":1418},[64,73668,1235],{"class":1422},[64,73670,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73672,103],{"class":95},[64,73674,3256],{"class":1418},[64,73676,543],{"class":1422},[64,73678,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73680,746],{"class":95},[49,73682,2120],{"id":2119},[14,73684,2123],{},[54,73686,73688],{"className":56,"code":73687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.reverse()\n",[61,73689,73690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73691,73692,73694,73696,73698],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73693,8309],{"class":74},[64,73695,137],{"class":95},[64,73697,73526],{"class":140},[64,73699,366],{"class":95},[14,73701,13017],{},[21,73703,73704,73707,73710],{},[24,73705,73706],{},"No arguments are needed",[24,73708,73709],{},"You call it on an existing list",[24,73711,73712],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73714,318],{},[54,73716,73718],{"className":56,"code":73717,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[61,73719,73720,73752,73762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73721,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73723,13041],{"class":74},[64,73725,92],{"class":91},[64,73727,112],{"class":95},[64,73729,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73731,13058],{"class":1422},[64,73733,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73735,103],{"class":95},[64,73737,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73739,17409],{"class":1422},[64,73741,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73743,103],{"class":95},[64,73745,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73747,13075],{"class":1422},[64,73749,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73751,746],{"class":95},[64,73753,73754,73756,73758,73760],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73755,17456],{"class":74},[64,73757,137],{"class":95},[64,73759,73526],{"class":140},[64,73761,366],{"class":95},[64,73763,73764,73766,73768,73770],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73765,212],{"class":211},[64,73767,144],{"class":95},[64,73769,17456],{"class":140},[64,73771,150],{"class":95},[14,73773,2035],{},[54,73775,73777],{"className":56,"code":73776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[61,73778,73779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73780,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73782,184],{"class":95},[64,73784,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73786,13075],{"class":1422},[64,73788,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73790,103],{"class":95},[64,73792,3256],{"class":1418},[64,73794,17409],{"class":1422},[64,73796,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73798,103],{"class":95},[64,73800,3256],{"class":1418},[64,73802,13058],{"class":1422},[64,73804,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73806,746],{"class":95},[49,73808,11449],{"id":11448},[14,73810,73811],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[54,73813,73815],{"className":56,"code":73814,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,73816,73817,73841,73851],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73818,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73820,1161],{"class":74},[64,73822,92],{"class":91},[64,73824,112],{"class":95},[64,73826,1432],{"class":99},[64,73828,103],{"class":95},[64,73830,1437],{"class":99},[64,73832,103],{"class":95},[64,73834,7764],{"class":99},[64,73836,103],{"class":95},[64,73838,50802],{"class":99},[64,73840,746],{"class":95},[64,73842,73843,73845,73847,73849],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73844,3611],{"class":74},[64,73846,137],{"class":95},[64,73848,73526],{"class":140},[64,73850,366],{"class":95},[64,73852,73853,73855,73857,73859],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73854,212],{"class":211},[64,73856,144],{"class":95},[64,73858,3611],{"class":140},[64,73860,150],{"class":95},[14,73862,2035],{},[54,73864,73866],{"className":56,"code":73865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[61,73867,73868],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73869,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73871,184],{"class":95},[64,73873,56645],{"class":99},[64,73875,103],{"class":95},[64,73877,7764],{"class":99},[64,73879,103],{"class":95},[64,73881,1437],{"class":99},[64,73883,103],{"class":95},[64,73885,5973],{"class":99},[64,73887,746],{"class":95},[14,73889,11657],{},[21,73891,73892,73898,73903],{},[24,73893,73894,73895],{},"The list starts as ",[61,73896,73897],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[24,73899,73900,73902],{},[61,73901,73470],{}," flips the order",[24,73904,73905],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[49,73907,73909,73911],{"id":73908},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[61,73910,73470],{}," changes the original list",[14,73913,73914,73915,73918],{},"This method is ",[37,73916,73917],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[54,73920,73922],{"className":56,"code":73921,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[61,73923,73924,73956,73966,73970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73925,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73927,36196],{"class":74},[64,73929,92],{"class":91},[64,73931,112],{"class":95},[64,73933,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73935,4043],{"class":1422},[64,73937,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73939,103],{"class":95},[64,73941,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73943,4052],{"class":1422},[64,73945,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73947,103],{"class":95},[64,73949,3315],{"class":1418},[64,73951,4061],{"class":1422},[64,73953,1419],{"class":1418},[64,73955,746],{"class":95},[64,73957,73958,73960,73962,73964],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,73959,36248],{"class":74},[64,73961,137],{"class":95},[64,73963,73526],{"class":140},[64,73965,366],{"class":95},[64,73967,73968],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,73969,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,73971,73972,73974,73976,73978],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,73973,212],{"class":211},[64,73975,144],{"class":95},[64,73977,36248],{"class":140},[64,73979,150],{"class":95},[14,73981,2035],{},[54,73983,73985],{"className":56,"code":73984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[61,73986,73987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,73988,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73990,184],{"class":95},[64,73992,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73994,4061],{"class":1422},[64,73996,3261],{"class":1418},[64,73998,103],{"class":95},[64,74000,3256],{"class":1418},[64,74002,4052],{"class":1422},[64,74004,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74006,103],{"class":95},[64,74008,3256],{"class":1418},[64,74010,4043],{"class":1422},[64,74012,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74014,746],{"class":95},[14,74016,256,74017,74019],{},[61,74018,73470],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74021,74022],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[54,74024,74026],{"className":56,"code":74025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[61,74027,74028,74060,74078,74082,74092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74029,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74031,36196],{"class":74},[64,74033,92],{"class":91},[64,74035,112],{"class":95},[64,74037,1419],{"class":1418},[64,74039,4043],{"class":1422},[64,74041,1419],{"class":1418},[64,74043,103],{"class":95},[64,74045,3315],{"class":1418},[64,74047,4052],{"class":1422},[64,74049,1419],{"class":1418},[64,74051,103],{"class":95},[64,74053,3315],{"class":1418},[64,74055,4061],{"class":1422},[64,74057,1419],{"class":1418},[64,74059,746],{"class":95},[64,74061,74062,74065,74067,74069,74072,74074,74076],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74063,74064],{"class":74},"reversed_fruits ",[64,74066,92],{"class":91},[64,74068,52811],{"class":74},[64,74070,74071],{"class":95},"[::",[64,74073,1986],{"class":91},[64,74075,100],{"class":99},[64,74077,746],{"class":95},[64,74079,74080],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74081,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74083,74084,74086,74088,74090],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,74085,212],{"class":211},[64,74087,144],{"class":95},[64,74089,36248],{"class":140},[64,74091,150],{"class":95},[64,74093,74094,74096,74098,74101],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,74095,212],{"class":211},[64,74097,144],{"class":95},[64,74099,74100],{"class":140},"reversed_fruits",[64,74102,150],{"class":95},[14,74104,2035],{},[54,74106,74108],{"className":56,"code":74107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[61,74109,74110,74138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74111,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74113,184],{"class":95},[64,74115,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74117,4043],{"class":1422},[64,74119,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74121,103],{"class":95},[64,74123,3256],{"class":1418},[64,74125,4052],{"class":1422},[64,74127,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74129,103],{"class":95},[64,74131,3256],{"class":1418},[64,74133,4061],{"class":1422},[64,74135,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74137,746],{"class":95},[64,74139,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150,74152,74154,74156,74158,74160,74162,74164],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74141,184],{"class":95},[64,74143,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74145,4061],{"class":1422},[64,74147,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74149,103],{"class":95},[64,74151,3256],{"class":1418},[64,74153,4052],{"class":1422},[64,74155,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74157,103],{"class":95},[64,74159,3256],{"class":1418},[64,74161,4043],{"class":1422},[64,74163,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74165,746],{"class":95},[14,74167,74168,74169,137],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[543,74170,74171],{"href":73488},"Python list slicing explained",[49,74173,74175],{"id":74174},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74177,74178],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[54,74180,74182],{"className":56,"code":74181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,74183,74184,74204,74218,74222,74233],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74185,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74187,1161],{"class":74},[64,74189,92],{"class":91},[64,74191,112],{"class":95},[64,74193,100],{"class":99},[64,74195,103],{"class":95},[64,74197,106],{"class":99},[64,74199,103],{"class":95},[64,74201,743],{"class":99},[64,74203,746],{"class":95},[64,74205,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74207,55845],{"class":74},[64,74209,92],{"class":91},[64,74211,1191],{"class":74},[64,74213,137],{"class":95},[64,74215,73526],{"class":140},[64,74217,366],{"class":95},[64,74219,74220],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74221,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74223,74224,74226,74228,74231],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,74225,212],{"class":211},[64,74227,144],{"class":95},[64,74229,74230],{"class":140},"new_list",[64,74232,150],{"class":95},[64,74234,74235,74237,74239,74241],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,74236,212],{"class":211},[64,74238,144],{"class":95},[64,74240,3611],{"class":140},[64,74242,150],{"class":95},[14,74244,2035],{},[54,74246,74248],{"className":56,"code":74247,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[61,74249,74250,74254],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74251,74252],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74253,11782],{"class":3816},[64,74255,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74257,184],{"class":95},[64,74259,115],{"class":99},[64,74261,103],{"class":95},[64,74263,106],{"class":99},[64,74265,103],{"class":95},[64,74267,5465],{"class":99},[64,74269,746],{"class":95},[14,74271,11874],{},[21,74273,74274,74282,74286],{},[24,74275,74276,74278,74279,74281],{},[61,74277,73470],{}," changes ",[61,74280,3611],{}," directly",[24,74283,40864,74284,71789],{},[37,74285,300],{},[24,74287,53612,74288,42114,74290],{},[61,74289,74230],{},[61,74291,3741],{},[14,74293,61847],{},[54,74295,74297],{"className":56,"code":74296,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,74298,74299,74319,74329,74333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74300,74301,74303,74305,74307,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74302,1161],{"class":74},[64,74304,92],{"class":91},[64,74306,112],{"class":95},[64,74308,100],{"class":99},[64,74310,103],{"class":95},[64,74312,106],{"class":99},[64,74314,103],{"class":95},[64,74316,743],{"class":99},[64,74318,746],{"class":95},[64,74320,74321,74323,74325,74327],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74322,3611],{"class":74},[64,74324,137],{"class":95},[64,74326,73526],{"class":140},[64,74328,366],{"class":95},[64,74330,74331],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74332,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74334,74335,74337,74339,74341],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,74336,212],{"class":211},[64,74338,144],{"class":95},[64,74340,3611],{"class":140},[64,74342,150],{"class":95},[14,74344,2035],{},[54,74346,74348],{"className":56,"code":74347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[61,74349,74350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74351,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74353,184],{"class":95},[64,74355,115],{"class":99},[64,74357,103],{"class":95},[64,74359,106],{"class":99},[64,74361,103],{"class":95},[64,74363,5465],{"class":99},[64,74365,746],{"class":95},[49,74367,74369,10557,74371,74374],{"id":74368},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[61,74370,73470],{},[61,74372,74373],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74376,74377],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[816,74379,74380],{"id":73526},[61,74381,73470],{},[14,74383,74384,74386],{},[61,74385,73470],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[54,74388,74390],{"className":56,"code":74389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,74391,74392,74412,74422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74393,74394,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74395,1161],{"class":74},[64,74397,92],{"class":91},[64,74399,112],{"class":95},[64,74401,115],{"class":99},[64,74403,103],{"class":95},[64,74405,5465],{"class":99},[64,74407,103],{"class":95},[64,74409,106],{"class":99},[64,74411,746],{"class":95},[64,74413,74414,74416,74418,74420],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74415,3611],{"class":74},[64,74417,137],{"class":95},[64,74419,73526],{"class":140},[64,74421,366],{"class":95},[64,74423,74424,74426,74428,74430],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74425,212],{"class":211},[64,74427,144],{"class":95},[64,74429,3611],{"class":140},[64,74431,150],{"class":95},[14,74433,2035],{},[54,74435,74437],{"className":56,"code":74436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[61,74438,74439],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74440,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74442,184],{"class":95},[64,74444,2021],{"class":99},[64,74446,103],{"class":95},[64,74448,5465],{"class":99},[64,74450,103],{"class":95},[64,74452,743],{"class":99},[64,74454,746],{"class":95},[14,74456,74457,74458,74460],{},"Notice that this is ",[37,74459,300],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[816,74462,74464],{"id":74463},"sorted",[61,74465,74373],{},[14,74467,74468,74473],{},[543,74469,74471],{"href":74470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[61,74472,74373],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[54,74475,74477],{"className":56,"code":74476,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[61,74478,74479,74499,74514,74518,74528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74480,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495,74497],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74482,1161],{"class":74},[64,74484,92],{"class":91},[64,74486,112],{"class":95},[64,74488,115],{"class":99},[64,74490,103],{"class":95},[64,74492,5465],{"class":99},[64,74494,103],{"class":95},[64,74496,106],{"class":99},[64,74498,746],{"class":95},[64,74500,74501,74503,74505,74508,74510,74512],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74502,2194],{"class":74},[64,74504,92],{"class":91},[64,74506,74507],{"class":211}," sorted",[64,74509,144],{"class":95},[64,74511,3611],{"class":140},[64,74513,150],{"class":95},[64,74515,74516],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74517,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74519,74520,74522,74524,74526],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,74521,212],{"class":211},[64,74523,144],{"class":95},[64,74525,3611],{"class":140},[64,74527,150],{"class":95},[64,74529,74530,74532,74534,74536],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,74531,212],{"class":211},[64,74533,144],{"class":95},[64,74535,2229],{"class":140},[64,74537,150],{"class":95},[14,74539,2035],{},[54,74541,74543],{"className":56,"code":74542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[61,74544,74545,74561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74546,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74548,184],{"class":95},[64,74550,115],{"class":99},[64,74552,103],{"class":95},[64,74554,5465],{"class":99},[64,74556,103],{"class":95},[64,74558,106],{"class":99},[64,74560,746],{"class":95},[64,74562,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74564,184],{"class":95},[64,74566,100],{"class":99},[64,74568,103],{"class":95},[64,74570,106],{"class":99},[64,74572,103],{"class":95},[64,74574,743],{"class":99},[64,74576,746],{"class":95},[14,74578,74579,74580,137],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[61,74581,74582],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[816,74584,74586],{"id":74585},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74588,74589,74590,74593],{},"Slicing with ",[61,74591,74592],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[54,74595,74597],{"className":56,"code":74596,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[61,74598,74599,74619,74635,74639,74649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74600,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74602,1161],{"class":74},[64,74604,92],{"class":91},[64,74606,112],{"class":95},[64,74608,115],{"class":99},[64,74610,103],{"class":95},[64,74612,5465],{"class":99},[64,74614,103],{"class":95},[64,74616,106],{"class":99},[64,74618,746],{"class":95},[64,74620,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631,74633],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74622,2194],{"class":74},[64,74624,92],{"class":91},[64,74626,1191],{"class":74},[64,74628,74071],{"class":95},[64,74630,1986],{"class":91},[64,74632,100],{"class":99},[64,74634,746],{"class":95},[64,74636,74637],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74638,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74640,74641,74643,74645,74647],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,74642,212],{"class":211},[64,74644,144],{"class":95},[64,74646,3611],{"class":140},[64,74648,150],{"class":95},[64,74650,74651,74653,74655,74657],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,74652,212],{"class":211},[64,74654,144],{"class":95},[64,74656,2229],{"class":140},[64,74658,150],{"class":95},[14,74660,2035],{},[54,74662,74664],{"className":56,"code":74663,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[61,74665,74666,74682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74667,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74669,184],{"class":95},[64,74671,115],{"class":99},[64,74673,103],{"class":95},[64,74675,5465],{"class":99},[64,74677,103],{"class":95},[64,74679,106],{"class":99},[64,74681,746],{"class":95},[64,74683,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74685,184],{"class":95},[64,74687,2021],{"class":99},[64,74689,103],{"class":95},[64,74691,5465],{"class":99},[64,74693,103],{"class":95},[64,74695,743],{"class":99},[64,74697,746],{"class":95},[816,74699,74701],{"id":74700},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[21,74703,74704,74709,74714],{},[24,74705,256,74706,74708],{},[61,74707,73470],{}," when you want to change the original list",[24,74710,256,74711,74713],{},[61,74712,74592],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[24,74715,256,74716,74718],{},[61,74717,74373],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74720,74721,74722,74728],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[543,74723,74725,74726,1248],{"href":74724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[61,74727,64261],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[49,74730,4925,74732],{"id":74731},"when-to-use-reverse",[61,74733,73470],{},[14,74735,74736,74738],{},[61,74737,73470],{}," is a good choice:",[21,74740,74741,74744,74747],{},[24,74742,74743],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[24,74745,74746],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[24,74748,74749],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74751,74752,74753,137],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[543,74754,74756],{"href":74755},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[49,74758,1646],{"id":1645},[14,74760,74761,74762,74764],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[61,74763,73470],{}," for these reasons:",[21,74766,74767,74771,74776,74781],{},[24,74768,12561,74769,12564],{},[61,74770,73470],{},[24,74772,8423,74773,74775],{},[61,74774,73470],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[24,74777,1654,74778,74780],{},[61,74779,73470],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[24,74782,37161,74783,8675,74785],{},[61,74784,73470],{},[61,74786,74787],{},"reversed()",[14,74789,74790],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[54,74792,74794],{"className":56,"code":74793,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[61,74795,74796,74808],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74797,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74799,34645],{"class":74},[64,74801,92],{"class":91},[64,74803,3315],{"class":1418},[64,74805,3809],{"class":1422},[64,74807,3321],{"class":1418},[64,74809,74810,74812,74814,74816],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74811,34666],{"class":74},[64,74813,137],{"class":95},[64,74815,73526],{"class":140},[64,74817,366],{"class":95},[14,74819,74820,74821,33557],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[61,74822,73470],{},[14,74824,74825],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[54,74827,74829],{"className":56,"code":74828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[61,74830,74831,74851,74855,74865,74879,74883,74897,74907,74911],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74832,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74834,8278],{"class":74},[64,74836,92],{"class":91},[64,74838,112],{"class":95},[64,74840,100],{"class":99},[64,74842,103],{"class":95},[64,74844,106],{"class":99},[64,74846,103],{"class":95},[64,74848,743],{"class":99},[64,74850,746],{"class":95},[64,74852,74853],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74854,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74856,74857,74859,74861,74863],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74858,212],{"class":211},[64,74860,144],{"class":95},[64,74862,8309],{"class":140},[64,74864,150],{"class":95},[64,74866,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,74868,212],{"class":211},[64,74870,144],{"class":95},[64,74872,1779],{"class":1778},[64,74874,144],{"class":95},[64,74876,8309],{"class":140},[64,74878,1737],{"class":95},[64,74880,74881],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,74882,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74884,74885,74887,74889,74891,74893,74895],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,74886,2194],{"class":74},[64,74888,92],{"class":91},[64,74890,8366],{"class":74},[64,74892,137],{"class":95},[64,74894,73526],{"class":140},[64,74896,366],{"class":95},[64,74898,74899,74901,74903,74905],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,74900,212],{"class":211},[64,74902,144],{"class":95},[64,74904,2229],{"class":140},[64,74906,150],{"class":95},[64,74908,74909],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,74910,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,74912,74913,74915,74917,74919,74921,74923,74925],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,74914,212],{"class":211},[64,74916,144],{"class":95},[64,74918,8309],{"class":140},[64,74920,74071],{"class":95},[64,74922,1986],{"class":91},[64,74924,100],{"class":99},[64,74926,393],{"class":95},[14,74928,2035],{},[54,74930,74932],{"className":56,"code":74931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[61,74933,74934,74950,74964,74968],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74935,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946,74948],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74937,184],{"class":95},[64,74939,100],{"class":99},[64,74941,103],{"class":95},[64,74943,106],{"class":99},[64,74945,103],{"class":95},[64,74947,743],{"class":99},[64,74949,746],{"class":95},[64,74951,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,74953,3250],{"class":91},[64,74955,3253],{"class":2029},[64,74957,3256],{"class":1418},[64,74959,8064],{"class":1422},[64,74961,3261],{"class":1418},[64,74963,3264],{"class":91},[64,74965,74966],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,74967,11782],{"class":3816},[64,74969,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,74971,184],{"class":95},[64,74973,100],{"class":99},[64,74975,103],{"class":95},[64,74977,106],{"class":99},[64,74979,103],{"class":95},[64,74981,5465],{"class":99},[64,74983,746],{"class":95},[14,74985,74986],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[54,74988,74990],{"className":56,"code":74989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[61,74991,74992,75012,75016,75026,75040,75044,75058,75068,75078],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,74993,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74995,8278],{"class":74},[64,74997,92],{"class":91},[64,74999,112],{"class":95},[64,75001,100],{"class":99},[64,75003,103],{"class":95},[64,75005,106],{"class":99},[64,75007,103],{"class":95},[64,75009,743],{"class":99},[64,75011,746],{"class":95},[64,75013,75014],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,75015,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,75017,75018,75020,75022,75024],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,75019,212],{"class":211},[64,75021,144],{"class":95},[64,75023,8309],{"class":140},[64,75025,150],{"class":95},[64,75027,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,75029,212],{"class":211},[64,75031,144],{"class":95},[64,75033,1779],{"class":1778},[64,75035,144],{"class":95},[64,75037,8309],{"class":140},[64,75039,1737],{"class":95},[64,75041,75042],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,75043,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,75045,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054,75056],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,75047,2194],{"class":74},[64,75049,92],{"class":91},[64,75051,8366],{"class":74},[64,75053,137],{"class":95},[64,75055,73526],{"class":140},[64,75057,366],{"class":95},[64,75059,75060,75062,75064,75066],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,75061,212],{"class":211},[64,75063,144],{"class":95},[64,75065,2229],{"class":140},[64,75067,150],{"class":95},[64,75069,75070,75072,75074,75076],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,75071,212],{"class":211},[64,75073,144],{"class":95},[64,75075,8309],{"class":140},[64,75077,150],{"class":95},[64,75079,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088,75090,75092],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,75081,212],{"class":211},[64,75083,144],{"class":95},[64,75085,8309],{"class":140},[64,75087,74071],{"class":95},[64,75089,1986],{"class":91},[64,75091,100],{"class":99},[64,75093,393],{"class":95},[14,75095,2035],{},[54,75097,75099],{"className":56,"code":75098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[61,75100,75101,75117,75131,75135,75151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75102,75103,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75104,184],{"class":95},[64,75106,100],{"class":99},[64,75108,103],{"class":95},[64,75110,106],{"class":99},[64,75112,103],{"class":95},[64,75114,743],{"class":99},[64,75116,746],{"class":95},[64,75118,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127,75129],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,75120,3250],{"class":91},[64,75122,3253],{"class":2029},[64,75124,3256],{"class":1418},[64,75126,8064],{"class":1422},[64,75128,3261],{"class":1418},[64,75130,3264],{"class":91},[64,75132,75133],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,75134,11782],{"class":3816},[64,75136,75137,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147,75149],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,75138,184],{"class":95},[64,75140,115],{"class":99},[64,75142,103],{"class":95},[64,75144,106],{"class":99},[64,75146,103],{"class":95},[64,75148,5465],{"class":99},[64,75150,746],{"class":95},[64,75152,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163,75165],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,75154,184],{"class":95},[64,75156,100],{"class":99},[64,75158,103],{"class":95},[64,75160,106],{"class":99},[64,75162,103],{"class":95},[64,75164,743],{"class":99},[64,75166,746],{"class":95},[14,75168,75169],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[21,75171,75172,75181,75190],{},[24,75173,27749,75174,75177,75178],{},[61,75175,75176],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[61,75179,75180],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[24,75182,11890,75183,75186,75187,22513],{},[61,75184,75185],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[37,75188,75189],{},"current",[24,75191,75192,75193],{},"So it prints ",[61,75194,75195],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[49,75197,1826],{"id":1825},[816,75199,12670,75201,55426],{"id":75200},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[61,75202,73475],{},[14,75204,62552,75205,137],{},[61,75206,3741],{},[816,75208,34162,75210,34165,75212,2456],{"id":75209},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[61,75211,73470],{},[61,75213,75214],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75216,75217,75219],{},[61,75218,73470],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75221,75222,75224],{},[61,75223,75214],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[816,75226,28282,75228,75230],{"id":75227},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[61,75229,73470],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75232,46323,75233,75235],{},[61,75234,73470],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[816,75237,75239],{"id":75238},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75241,75242],{},"Use slicing:",[54,75244,75246],{"className":56,"code":75245,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list[::-1]\n",[61,75247,75248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75249,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75251,8309],{"class":74},[64,75253,74071],{"class":95},[64,75255,1986],{"class":91},[64,75257,100],{"class":99},[64,75259,746],{"class":95},[14,75261,75262],{},"Or use:",[54,75264,75266],{"className":56,"code":75265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[61,75267,75268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75269,75270,75272,75274,75277,75279,75281],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75271,8064],{"class":1778},[64,75273,144],{"class":95},[64,75275,75276],{"class":211},"reversed",[64,75278,144],{"class":95},[64,75280,8309],{"class":140},[64,75282,1737],{"class":95},[14,75284,75285,75286,75290],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[543,75287,55477,75288],{"href":1245},[61,75289,12743],{}," can also help.",[49,75292,1865],{"id":1864},[21,75294,75295,75301,75307,75311,75315],{},[24,75296,75297],{},[543,75298,55477,75299,1248],{"href":74724},[61,75300,64261],{},[24,75302,75303],{},[543,75304,1877,75305,3472],{"href":74470},[61,75306,74373],{},[24,75308,75309],{},[543,75310,74756],{"href":74755},[24,75312,75313],{},[543,75314,74171],{"href":73488},[24,75316,75317],{},[543,75318,55477,75319,1248],{"href":1245},[61,75320,12743],{},[1898,75322,75323],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":75325},[75326,75327,75329,75330,75331,75333,75334,75341,75343,75344,75353],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":73549,"depth":78,"text":75328},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":73908,"depth":78,"text":75332},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74174,"depth":78,"text":74175},{"id":74368,"depth":78,"text":75335,"children":75336},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75337,75338,75339,75340],{"id":73526,"depth":85,"text":73470},{"id":74463,"depth":85,"text":74373},{"id":74585,"depth":85,"text":74586},{"id":74700,"depth":85,"text":74701},{"id":74731,"depth":78,"text":75342},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":75345},[75346,75348,75350,75352],{"id":75200,"depth":85,"text":75347},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75209,"depth":85,"text":75349},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75227,"depth":85,"text":75351},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75238,"depth":85,"text":75239},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73462,"description":75354},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75361,"title":75362,"body":75363,"description":77796,"extension":1927,"meta":77797,"navigation":81,"path":77798,"seo":77799,"stem":77800,"__hash__":77801},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75364,"toc":77764},[75365,75368,75380,75383,75406,75414,75416,75528,75537,75541,75544,75547,75634,75636,75669,75671,75694,75700,75704,75707,75729,75731,75748,75751,75771,75773,75883,75885,75962,75966,75969,76012,76014,76147,76149,76251,76256,76260,76263,76265,76279,76282,76396,76398,76472,76474,76502,76506,76511,76541,76544,76670,76672,76754,76760,76764,76766,76805,76814,76818,76821,76825,76872,76874,76882,76886,76937,76939,76952,76954,76968,76971,76979,76981,77028,77030,77038,77041,77084,77089,77092,77095,77118,77122,77173,77176,77197,77207,77211,77213,77243,77246,77269,77273,77276,77343,77345,77382,77385,77393,77460,77462,77499,77505,77512,77516,77519,77549,77554,77558,77561,77585,77588,77682,77692,77694,77698,77701,77705,77708,77713,77716,77722,77725,77727,77755,77761],[10,75366,75362],{"id":75367},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75369,75370,75371,2153,75373,17025,75376,75379],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[61,75372,36030],{},[61,75374,75375],{},"stop",[61,75377,75378],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75381,75382],{},"The basic slice form is:",[54,75384,75386],{"className":56,"code":75385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[61,75387,75388],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75389,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75391,8309],{"class":74},[64,75393,184],{"class":95},[64,75395,36030],{"class":74},[64,75397,1117],{"class":95},[64,75399,75375],{"class":74},[64,75401,1117],{"class":95},[64,75403,75378],{"class":74},[64,75405,746],{"class":95},[14,75407,75408,75409,75411,75412,137],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[61,75410,75375],{}," position is ",[37,75413,65019],{},[49,75415,52],{"id":51},[54,75417,75419],{"className":56,"code":75418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[61,75420,75421,75449,75453,75474,75492,75509],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75422,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75424,1161],{"class":74},[64,75426,92],{"class":91},[64,75428,112],{"class":95},[64,75430,1432],{"class":99},[64,75432,103],{"class":95},[64,75434,1437],{"class":99},[64,75436,103],{"class":95},[64,75438,7764],{"class":99},[64,75440,103],{"class":95},[64,75442,50802],{"class":99},[64,75444,103],{"class":95},[64,75446,5045],{"class":99},[64,75448,746],{"class":95},[64,75450,75451],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,75452,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,75454,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469,75471],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,75456,212],{"class":211},[64,75458,144],{"class":95},[64,75460,3611],{"class":140},[64,75462,184],{"class":95},[64,75464,100],{"class":99},[64,75466,1117],{"class":95},[64,75468,772],{"class":99},[64,75470,989],{"class":95},[64,75472,75473],{"class":222},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[64,75475,75476,75478,75480,75482,75485,75487,75489],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,75477,212],{"class":211},[64,75479,144],{"class":95},[64,75481,3611],{"class":140},[64,75483,75484],{"class":95},"[:",[64,75486,115],{"class":99},[64,75488,989],{"class":95},[64,75490,75491],{"class":222},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[64,75493,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,75495,212],{"class":211},[64,75497,144],{"class":95},[64,75499,3611],{"class":140},[64,75501,74071],{"class":95},[64,75503,2021],{"class":99},[64,75505,989],{"class":95},[64,75507,75508],{"class":222},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[64,75510,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,75512,212],{"class":211},[64,75514,144],{"class":95},[64,75516,3611],{"class":140},[64,75518,74071],{"class":95},[64,75520,1986],{"class":91},[64,75522,100],{"class":99},[64,75524,989],{"class":95},[64,75526,75527],{"class":222},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75529,256,75530,75533,75534,75536],{},[61,75531,75532],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[61,75535,75375],{}," value is not included.",[49,75538,75540],{"id":75539},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75542,75543],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75545,75546],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[54,75548,75550],{"className":56,"code":75549,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[61,75551,75552,75600,75604,75623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75553,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75555,36048],{"class":74},[64,75557,92],{"class":91},[64,75559,112],{"class":95},[64,75561,1419],{"class":1418},[64,75563,543],{"class":1422},[64,75565,1419],{"class":1418},[64,75567,103],{"class":95},[64,75569,3315],{"class":1418},[64,75571,1235],{"class":1422},[64,75573,1419],{"class":1418},[64,75575,103],{"class":95},[64,75577,3315],{"class":1418},[64,75579,9711],{"class":1422},[64,75581,1419],{"class":1418},[64,75583,103],{"class":95},[64,75585,3315],{"class":1418},[64,75587,18721],{"class":1422},[64,75589,1419],{"class":1418},[64,75591,103],{"class":95},[64,75593,3315],{"class":1418},[64,75595,60396],{"class":1422},[64,75597,1419],{"class":1418},[64,75599,746],{"class":95},[64,75601,75602],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,75603,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,75605,75606,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,75607,75608],{"class":74},"part ",[64,75610,92],{"class":91},[64,75612,70046],{"class":74},[64,75614,184],{"class":95},[64,75616,100],{"class":99},[64,75618,1117],{"class":95},[64,75620,772],{"class":99},[64,75622,746],{"class":95},[64,75624,75625,75627,75629,75632],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,75626,212],{"class":211},[64,75628,144],{"class":95},[64,75630,75631],{"class":140},"part",[64,75633,150],{"class":95},[14,75635,2035],{},[54,75637,75639],{"className":56,"code":75638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[61,75640,75641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75642,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665,75667],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75644,184],{"class":95},[64,75646,3261],{"class":1418},[64,75648,1235],{"class":1422},[64,75650,3261],{"class":1418},[64,75652,103],{"class":95},[64,75654,3256],{"class":1418},[64,75656,9711],{"class":1422},[64,75658,3261],{"class":1418},[64,75660,103],{"class":95},[64,75662,3256],{"class":1418},[64,75664,18721],{"class":1422},[64,75666,3261],{"class":1418},[64,75668,746],{"class":95},[14,75670,13017],{},[21,75672,75673,75676,75679,75685,75691],{},[24,75674,75675],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[24,75677,75678],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[24,75680,75681,75682],{},"Basic form: ",[61,75683,75684],{},"list[start:stop]",[24,75686,75687,75688,75690],{},"The item at ",[61,75689,75375],{}," is not included",[24,75692,75693],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75695,75696,75697,137],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[543,75698,75699],{"href":50938},"beginner guide to Python lists",[49,75701,75703],{"id":75702},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75705,75706],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[54,75708,75709],{"className":56,"code":75385,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,75710,75711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75712,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75714,8309],{"class":74},[64,75716,184],{"class":95},[64,75718,36030],{"class":74},[64,75720,1117],{"class":95},[64,75722,75375],{"class":74},[64,75724,1117],{"class":95},[64,75726,75378],{"class":74},[64,75728,746],{"class":95},[14,75730,64995],{},[21,75732,75733,75738,75743],{},[24,75734,75735,75737],{},[61,75736,36030],{}," is where slicing begins",[24,75739,75740,75742],{},[61,75741,75375],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[24,75744,75745,75747],{},[61,75746,75378],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75749,75750],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[21,75752,75753,75759,75764],{},[24,75754,75755,75756,75758],{},"Missing ",[61,75757,36030],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[24,75760,75755,75761,75763],{},[61,75762,75375],{}," means go to the end of the list",[24,75765,75755,75766,75768,75769],{},[61,75767,75378],{}," means use ",[61,75770,100],{},[14,75772,318],{},[54,75774,75776],{"className":56,"code":75775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[61,75777,75778,75806,75810,75831,75848,75866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75779,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75781,1161],{"class":74},[64,75783,92],{"class":91},[64,75785,112],{"class":95},[64,75787,1432],{"class":99},[64,75789,103],{"class":95},[64,75791,1437],{"class":99},[64,75793,103],{"class":95},[64,75795,7764],{"class":99},[64,75797,103],{"class":95},[64,75799,50802],{"class":99},[64,75801,103],{"class":95},[64,75803,5045],{"class":99},[64,75805,746],{"class":95},[64,75807,75808],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,75809,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,75811,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,75813,212],{"class":211},[64,75815,144],{"class":95},[64,75817,3611],{"class":140},[64,75819,184],{"class":95},[64,75821,100],{"class":99},[64,75823,1117],{"class":95},[64,75825,772],{"class":99},[64,75827,989],{"class":95},[64,75829,75830],{"class":222},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[64,75832,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,75834,212],{"class":211},[64,75836,144],{"class":95},[64,75838,3611],{"class":140},[64,75840,75484],{"class":95},[64,75842,115],{"class":99},[64,75844,989],{"class":95},[64,75846,75847],{"class":222},"    # start from the beginning\n",[64,75849,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75863],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,75851,212],{"class":211},[64,75853,144],{"class":95},[64,75855,3611],{"class":140},[64,75857,184],{"class":95},[64,75859,2021],{"class":99},[64,75861,75862],{"class":95},":])",[64,75864,75865],{"class":222},"    # go to the end\n",[64,75867,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,75869,212],{"class":211},[64,75871,144],{"class":95},[64,75873,3611],{"class":140},[64,75875,74071],{"class":95},[64,75877,100],{"class":99},[64,75879,989],{"class":95},[64,75881,75882],{"class":222},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75884,2035],{},[54,75886,75888],{"className":56,"code":75887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[61,75889,75890,75906,75922,75938],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,75891,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75893,184],{"class":95},[64,75895,15707],{"class":99},[64,75897,103],{"class":95},[64,75899,7764],{"class":99},[64,75901,103],{"class":95},[64,75903,50802],{"class":99},[64,75905,746],{"class":95},[64,75907,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,75909,184],{"class":95},[64,75911,1432],{"class":99},[64,75913,103],{"class":95},[64,75915,1437],{"class":99},[64,75917,103],{"class":95},[64,75919,7764],{"class":99},[64,75921,746],{"class":95},[64,75923,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,75925,184],{"class":95},[64,75927,1497],{"class":99},[64,75929,103],{"class":95},[64,75931,50802],{"class":99},[64,75933,103],{"class":95},[64,75935,5045],{"class":99},[64,75937,746],{"class":95},[64,75939,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,75941,184],{"class":95},[64,75943,1432],{"class":99},[64,75945,103],{"class":95},[64,75947,1437],{"class":99},[64,75949,103],{"class":95},[64,75951,7764],{"class":99},[64,75953,103],{"class":95},[64,75955,50802],{"class":99},[64,75957,103],{"class":95},[64,75959,5045],{"class":99},[64,75961,746],{"class":95},[49,75963,75965],{"id":75964},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75967,75968],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[21,75970,75971,75980,75989,76000,76006],{},[24,75972,75973,75976,75977,5934],{},[61,75974,75975],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[61,75978,75979],{},"n",[24,75981,75982,75985,75986,75988],{},[61,75983,75984],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[61,75987,75979],{}," to the end",[24,75990,75991,75994,75995,75997,75998],{},[61,75992,75993],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[61,75996,543],{}," up to ",[61,75999,1235],{},[24,76001,76002,76005],{},[61,76003,76004],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[24,76007,76008,76011],{},[61,76009,76010],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76013,318],{},[54,76015,76017],{"className":56,"code":76016,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[61,76018,76019,76052,76056,76073,76090,76111,76128],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76020,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76050],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76022,1161],{"class":74},[64,76024,92],{"class":91},[64,76026,112],{"class":95},[64,76028,1432],{"class":99},[64,76030,103],{"class":95},[64,76032,1437],{"class":99},[64,76034,103],{"class":95},[64,76036,7764],{"class":99},[64,76038,103],{"class":95},[64,76040,50802],{"class":99},[64,76042,103],{"class":95},[64,76044,5045],{"class":99},[64,76046,103],{"class":95},[64,76048,76049],{"class":99}," 60",[64,76051,746],{"class":95},[64,76053,76054],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76055,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,76057,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76059,212],{"class":211},[64,76061,144],{"class":95},[64,76063,3611],{"class":140},[64,76065,75484],{"class":95},[64,76067,115],{"class":99},[64,76069,989],{"class":95},[64,76071,76072],{"class":222},"    # first 3 items\n",[64,76074,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,76076,212],{"class":211},[64,76078,144],{"class":95},[64,76080,3611],{"class":140},[64,76082,184],{"class":95},[64,76084,115],{"class":99},[64,76086,75862],{"class":95},[64,76088,76089],{"class":222},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[64,76091,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,76093,212],{"class":211},[64,76095,144],{"class":95},[64,76097,3611],{"class":140},[64,76099,184],{"class":95},[64,76101,100],{"class":99},[64,76103,1117],{"class":95},[64,76105,385],{"class":99},[64,76107,989],{"class":95},[64,76109,76110],{"class":222},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[64,76112,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,76114,212],{"class":211},[64,76116,144],{"class":95},[64,76118,3611],{"class":140},[64,76120,74071],{"class":95},[64,76122,2021],{"class":99},[64,76124,989],{"class":95},[64,76126,76127],{"class":222},"   # every second item\n",[64,76129,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,76131,212],{"class":211},[64,76133,144],{"class":95},[64,76135,3611],{"class":140},[64,76137,74071],{"class":95},[64,76139,1986],{"class":91},[64,76141,100],{"class":99},[64,76143,989],{"class":95},[64,76145,76146],{"class":222},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76148,2035],{},[54,76150,76152],{"className":56,"code":76151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[61,76153,76154,76170,76186,76206,76222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76155,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76157,184],{"class":95},[64,76159,1432],{"class":99},[64,76161,103],{"class":95},[64,76163,1437],{"class":99},[64,76165,103],{"class":95},[64,76167,7764],{"class":99},[64,76169,746],{"class":95},[64,76171,76172,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76173,184],{"class":95},[64,76175,56645],{"class":99},[64,76177,103],{"class":95},[64,76179,5045],{"class":99},[64,76181,103],{"class":95},[64,76183,76049],{"class":99},[64,76185,746],{"class":95},[64,76187,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76189,184],{"class":95},[64,76191,15707],{"class":99},[64,76193,103],{"class":95},[64,76195,7764],{"class":99},[64,76197,103],{"class":95},[64,76199,50802],{"class":99},[64,76201,103],{"class":95},[64,76203,5045],{"class":99},[64,76205,746],{"class":95},[64,76207,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,76209,184],{"class":95},[64,76211,1432],{"class":99},[64,76213,103],{"class":95},[64,76215,7764],{"class":99},[64,76217,103],{"class":95},[64,76219,5045],{"class":99},[64,76221,746],{"class":95},[64,76223,76224,76226,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,76225,184],{"class":95},[64,76227,76228],{"class":99},"60",[64,76230,103],{"class":95},[64,76232,5045],{"class":99},[64,76234,103],{"class":95},[64,76236,50802],{"class":99},[64,76238,103],{"class":95},[64,76240,7764],{"class":99},[64,76242,103],{"class":95},[64,76244,1437],{"class":99},[64,76246,103],{"class":95},[64,76248,5973],{"class":99},[64,76250,746],{"class":95},[14,76252,76253,76254,137],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[543,76255,1370],{"href":1369},[49,76257,76259],{"id":76258},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76261,76262],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76264,5439],{},[21,76266,76267,76273],{},[24,76268,76269,76272],{},[61,76270,76271],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[24,76274,76275,76278],{},[61,76276,76277],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76280,76281],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[54,76283,76285],{"className":56,"code":76284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[61,76286,76287,76335,76339,76358,76377],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76288,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76290,36048],{"class":74},[64,76292,92],{"class":91},[64,76294,112],{"class":95},[64,76296,1419],{"class":1418},[64,76298,543],{"class":1422},[64,76300,1419],{"class":1418},[64,76302,103],{"class":95},[64,76304,3315],{"class":1418},[64,76306,1235],{"class":1422},[64,76308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,76310,103],{"class":95},[64,76312,3315],{"class":1418},[64,76314,9711],{"class":1422},[64,76316,1419],{"class":1418},[64,76318,103],{"class":95},[64,76320,3315],{"class":1418},[64,76322,18721],{"class":1422},[64,76324,1419],{"class":1418},[64,76326,103],{"class":95},[64,76328,3315],{"class":1418},[64,76330,60396],{"class":1422},[64,76332,1419],{"class":1418},[64,76334,746],{"class":95},[64,76336,76337],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76338,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,76340,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76342,212],{"class":211},[64,76344,144],{"class":95},[64,76346,36101],{"class":140},[64,76348,184],{"class":95},[64,76350,1986],{"class":91},[64,76352,100],{"class":99},[64,76354,989],{"class":95},[64,76356,76357],{"class":222},"    # last item\n",[64,76359,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,76361,212],{"class":211},[64,76363,144],{"class":95},[64,76365,36101],{"class":140},[64,76367,184],{"class":95},[64,76369,1986],{"class":91},[64,76371,115],{"class":99},[64,76373,75862],{"class":95},[64,76375,76376],{"class":222},"   # last 3 items\n",[64,76378,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,76380,212],{"class":211},[64,76382,144],{"class":95},[64,76384,36101],{"class":140},[64,76386,75484],{"class":95},[64,76388,1986],{"class":91},[64,76390,100],{"class":99},[64,76392,989],{"class":95},[64,76394,76395],{"class":222},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76397,2035],{},[54,76399,76401],{"className":56,"code":76400,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[61,76402,76403,76408,76436],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76404,76405],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76406,76407],{"class":74},"e\n",[64,76409,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76411,184],{"class":95},[64,76413,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76415,9711],{"class":1422},[64,76417,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76419,103],{"class":95},[64,76421,3256],{"class":1418},[64,76423,18721],{"class":1422},[64,76425,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76427,103],{"class":95},[64,76429,3256],{"class":1418},[64,76431,60396],{"class":1422},[64,76433,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76435,746],{"class":95},[64,76437,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76439,184],{"class":95},[64,76441,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76443,543],{"class":1422},[64,76445,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76447,103],{"class":95},[64,76449,3256],{"class":1418},[64,76451,1235],{"class":1422},[64,76453,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76455,103],{"class":95},[64,76457,3256],{"class":1418},[64,76459,9711],{"class":1422},[64,76461,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76463,103],{"class":95},[64,76465,3256],{"class":1418},[64,76467,18721],{"class":1422},[64,76469,3261],{"class":1418},[64,76471,746],{"class":95},[14,76473,13017],{},[21,76475,76476,76479,76483,76489,76495],{},[24,76477,76478],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[24,76480,76481,76272],{},[61,76482,76271],{},[24,76484,76485,76488],{},[61,76486,76487],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[24,76490,76491,76494],{},[61,76492,76493],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[24,76496,76497,76498,40,76500],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[61,76499,36030],{},[61,76501,75375],{},[49,76503,76505],{"id":76504},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76507,1944,76508,76510],{},[61,76509,75378],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[21,76512,76513,76516,76519,76524,76534],{},[24,76514,76515],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[24,76517,76518],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[24,76520,76521,76523],{},[61,76522,76010],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[24,76525,8846,76526,76528,76529,76531,76532],{},[61,76527,75378],{}," is negative, ",[61,76530,36030],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[61,76533,75375],{},[24,76535,76536,76538,76539],{},[61,76537,75378],{}," cannot be ",[61,76540,187],{},[14,76542,76543],{},"Example with different step values:",[54,76545,76547],{"className":56,"code":76546,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[61,76548,76549,76581,76585,76602,76624,76643],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76550,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76552,1161],{"class":74},[64,76554,92],{"class":91},[64,76556,112],{"class":95},[64,76558,1432],{"class":99},[64,76560,103],{"class":95},[64,76562,1437],{"class":99},[64,76564,103],{"class":95},[64,76566,7764],{"class":99},[64,76568,103],{"class":95},[64,76570,50802],{"class":99},[64,76572,103],{"class":95},[64,76574,5045],{"class":99},[64,76576,103],{"class":95},[64,76578,76049],{"class":99},[64,76580,746],{"class":95},[64,76582,76583],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76584,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,76586,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76588,212],{"class":211},[64,76590,144],{"class":95},[64,76592,3611],{"class":140},[64,76594,74071],{"class":95},[64,76596,2021],{"class":99},[64,76598,989],{"class":95},[64,76600,76601],{"class":222},"     # every second item\n",[64,76603,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76617,76619,76621],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,76605,212],{"class":211},[64,76607,144],{"class":95},[64,76609,3611],{"class":140},[64,76611,184],{"class":95},[64,76613,100],{"class":99},[64,76615,76616],{"class":95},"::",[64,76618,2021],{"class":99},[64,76620,989],{"class":95},[64,76622,76623],{"class":222},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[64,76625,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,76627,212],{"class":211},[64,76629,144],{"class":95},[64,76631,3611],{"class":140},[64,76633,74071],{"class":95},[64,76635,1986],{"class":91},[64,76637,100],{"class":99},[64,76639,989],{"class":95},[64,76641,76642],{"class":222},"    # reverse the list\n",[64,76644,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,76646,212],{"class":211},[64,76648,144],{"class":95},[64,76650,3611],{"class":140},[64,76652,184],{"class":95},[64,76654,772],{"class":99},[64,76656,1117],{"class":95},[64,76658,100],{"class":99},[64,76660,1117],{"class":95},[64,76662,1986],{"class":91},[64,76664,100],{"class":99},[64,76666,989],{"class":95},[64,76668,76669],{"class":222},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76671,2035],{},[54,76673,76675],{"className":56,"code":76674,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[61,76676,76677,76693,76709,76737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76678,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76680,184],{"class":95},[64,76682,1432],{"class":99},[64,76684,103],{"class":95},[64,76686,7764],{"class":99},[64,76688,103],{"class":95},[64,76690,5045],{"class":99},[64,76692,746],{"class":95},[64,76694,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76696,184],{"class":95},[64,76698,15707],{"class":99},[64,76700,103],{"class":95},[64,76702,50802],{"class":99},[64,76704,103],{"class":95},[64,76706,76049],{"class":99},[64,76708,746],{"class":95},[64,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76712,184],{"class":95},[64,76714,76228],{"class":99},[64,76716,103],{"class":95},[64,76718,5045],{"class":99},[64,76720,103],{"class":95},[64,76722,50802],{"class":99},[64,76724,103],{"class":95},[64,76726,7764],{"class":99},[64,76728,103],{"class":95},[64,76730,1437],{"class":99},[64,76732,103],{"class":95},[64,76734,5973],{"class":99},[64,76736,746],{"class":95},[64,76738,76739,76741,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,76740,184],{"class":95},[64,76742,76743],{"class":99},"50",[64,76745,103],{"class":95},[64,76747,50802],{"class":99},[64,76749,103],{"class":95},[64,76751,7764],{"class":99},[64,76753,746],{"class":95},[14,76755,76756,76757,137],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[543,76758,76759],{"href":74755},"how to reverse a list in Python",[816,76761,76763],{"id":76762},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76765,2797],{},[54,76767,76769],{"className":56,"code":76768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[61,76770,76771,76791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76772,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76774,1161],{"class":74},[64,76776,92],{"class":91},[64,76778,112],{"class":95},[64,76780,100],{"class":99},[64,76782,103],{"class":95},[64,76784,106],{"class":99},[64,76786,103],{"class":95},[64,76788,743],{"class":99},[64,76790,746],{"class":95},[64,76792,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76794,212],{"class":211},[64,76796,144],{"class":95},[64,76798,3611],{"class":140},[64,76800,74071],{"class":95},[64,76802,187],{"class":99},[64,76804,393],{"class":95},[14,76806,76807,76808,76810,76811,76813],{},"Python raises a ",[61,76809,40662],{}," because a slice step of ",[61,76812,187],{}," does not make sense.",[49,76815,76817],{"id":76816},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76819,76820],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[816,76822,76824],{"id":76823},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[54,76826,76828],{"className":56,"code":76827,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[61,76829,76830,76854,76858],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76831,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76833,1161],{"class":74},[64,76835,92],{"class":91},[64,76837,112],{"class":95},[64,76839,1432],{"class":99},[64,76841,103],{"class":95},[64,76843,1437],{"class":99},[64,76845,103],{"class":95},[64,76847,7764],{"class":99},[64,76849,103],{"class":95},[64,76851,50802],{"class":99},[64,76853,746],{"class":95},[64,76855,76856],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76857,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,76859,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76861,212],{"class":211},[64,76863,144],{"class":95},[64,76865,3611],{"class":140},[64,76867,184],{"class":95},[64,76869,2021],{"class":99},[64,76871,393],{"class":95},[14,76873,2035],{},[54,76875,76876],{"className":56,"code":69790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,76877,76878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76879,76880],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76881,69790],{"class":99},[816,76883,76885],{"id":76884},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[54,76887,76889],{"className":56,"code":76888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[61,76890,76891,76915,76919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76892,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76894,1161],{"class":74},[64,76896,92],{"class":91},[64,76898,112],{"class":95},[64,76900,1432],{"class":99},[64,76902,103],{"class":95},[64,76904,1437],{"class":99},[64,76906,103],{"class":95},[64,76908,7764],{"class":99},[64,76910,103],{"class":95},[64,76912,50802],{"class":99},[64,76914,746],{"class":95},[64,76916,76917],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,76918,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,76920,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,76922,212],{"class":211},[64,76924,144],{"class":95},[64,76926,3611],{"class":140},[64,76928,184],{"class":95},[64,76930,2021],{"class":99},[64,76932,1117],{"class":95},[64,76934,115],{"class":99},[64,76936,393],{"class":95},[14,76938,2035],{},[54,76940,76942],{"className":56,"code":76941,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[30]\n",[61,76943,76944],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76945,76946,76948,76950],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76947,184],{"class":95},[64,76949,1497],{"class":99},[64,76951,746],{"class":95},[14,76953,13725],{},[21,76955,76956,76962],{},[24,76957,76958,76961],{},[61,76959,76960],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[24,76963,76964,76967],{},[61,76965,76966],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76969,76970],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[21,76972,76973,76976],{},[24,76974,76975],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[24,76977,76978],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76980,318],{},[54,76982,76984],{"className":56,"code":76983,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[61,76985,76986,77006,77010],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002,77004],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76989,1161],{"class":74},[64,76991,92],{"class":91},[64,76993,112],{"class":95},[64,76995,1432],{"class":99},[64,76997,103],{"class":95},[64,76999,1437],{"class":99},[64,77001,103],{"class":95},[64,77003,7764],{"class":99},[64,77005,746],{"class":95},[64,77007,77008],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77009,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,77011,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,77013,212],{"class":211},[64,77015,144],{"class":95},[64,77017,3611],{"class":140},[64,77019,184],{"class":95},[64,77021,385],{"class":99},[64,77023,1117],{"class":95},[64,77025,1432],{"class":99},[64,77027,393],{"class":95},[14,77029,2035],{},[54,77031,77032],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,77033,77034],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77035,77036],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77037,38254],{"class":95},[14,77039,77040],{},"But this would raise an error:",[54,77042,77044],{"className":56,"code":77043,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[61,77045,77046,77066,77070],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77047,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77049,1161],{"class":74},[64,77051,92],{"class":91},[64,77053,112],{"class":95},[64,77055,1432],{"class":99},[64,77057,103],{"class":95},[64,77059,1437],{"class":99},[64,77061,103],{"class":95},[64,77063,7764],{"class":99},[64,77065,746],{"class":95},[64,77067,77068],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77069,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,77071,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,77073,212],{"class":211},[64,77075,144],{"class":95},[64,77077,3611],{"class":140},[64,77079,184],{"class":95},[64,77081,385],{"class":99},[64,77083,393],{"class":95},[14,77085,77086,77087,137],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[543,77088,69209],{"href":69208},[49,77090,15130],{"id":77091},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77093,77094],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[21,77096,77097,77101,77103,77106,77112],{},[24,77098,4668,77099,75690],{},[61,77100,75375],{},[24,77102,60641],{},[24,77104,77105],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[24,77107,37161,77108,8675,77110],{},[61,77109,76010],{},[61,77111,73475],{},[24,77113,77114,77115,77117],{},"Using step ",[61,77116,187],{},", which causes an error",[816,77119,77121],{"id":77120},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[54,77123,77125],{"className":56,"code":77124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[61,77126,77127,77155],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77128,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147,77149,77151,77153],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77130,1161],{"class":74},[64,77132,92],{"class":91},[64,77134,112],{"class":95},[64,77136,1432],{"class":99},[64,77138,103],{"class":95},[64,77140,1437],{"class":99},[64,77142,103],{"class":95},[64,77144,7764],{"class":99},[64,77146,103],{"class":95},[64,77148,50802],{"class":99},[64,77150,103],{"class":95},[64,77152,5045],{"class":99},[64,77154,746],{"class":95},[64,77156,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169,77171],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77158,212],{"class":211},[64,77160,144],{"class":95},[64,77162,3611],{"class":140},[64,77164,184],{"class":95},[64,77166,100],{"class":99},[64,77168,1117],{"class":95},[64,77170,772],{"class":99},[64,77172,393],{"class":95},[14,77174,77175],{},"This returns:",[54,77177,77179],{"className":56,"code":77178,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[61,77180,77181],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77182,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77184,184],{"class":95},[64,77186,15707],{"class":99},[64,77188,103],{"class":95},[64,77190,7764],{"class":99},[64,77192,103],{"class":95},[64,77194,50802],{"class":99},[64,77196,746],{"class":95},[14,77198,40864,77199,77201,77202,77204,77205,137],{},[37,77200,300],{}," include ",[61,77203,76743],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[61,77206,772],{},[816,77208,77210],{"id":77209},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77212,16596],{},[54,77214,77216],{"className":56,"code":77215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[61,77217,77218,77238],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77219,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77221,1161],{"class":74},[64,77223,92],{"class":91},[64,77225,112],{"class":95},[64,77227,1432],{"class":99},[64,77229,103],{"class":95},[64,77231,1437],{"class":99},[64,77233,103],{"class":95},[64,77235,7764],{"class":99},[64,77237,746],{"class":95},[64,77239,77240],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77241,77242],{"class":222},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77244,77245],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[54,77247,77249],{"className":56,"code":77248,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[61,77250,77251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77252,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77254,212],{"class":211},[64,77256,144],{"class":95},[64,77258,3611],{"class":140},[64,77260,184],{"class":95},[64,77262,100],{"class":99},[64,77264,1117],{"class":95},[64,77266,115],{"class":99},[64,77268,393],{"class":95},[816,77270,77272],{"id":77271},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77274,77275],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[54,77277,77279],{"className":56,"code":77278,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,77280,77281,77305,77319,77323,77333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77282,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77284,1161],{"class":74},[64,77286,92],{"class":91},[64,77288,112],{"class":95},[64,77290,1432],{"class":99},[64,77292,103],{"class":95},[64,77294,1437],{"class":99},[64,77296,103],{"class":95},[64,77298,7764],{"class":99},[64,77300,103],{"class":95},[64,77302,50802],{"class":99},[64,77304,746],{"class":95},[64,77306,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77308,75608],{"class":74},[64,77310,92],{"class":91},[64,77312,1191],{"class":74},[64,77314,75484],{"class":95},[64,77316,2021],{"class":99},[64,77318,746],{"class":95},[64,77320,77321],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,77322,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,77324,77325,77327,77329,77331],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,77326,212],{"class":211},[64,77328,144],{"class":95},[64,77330,75631],{"class":140},[64,77332,150],{"class":95},[64,77334,77335,77337,77339,77341],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,77336,212],{"class":211},[64,77338,144],{"class":95},[64,77340,3611],{"class":140},[64,77342,150],{"class":95},[14,77344,2035],{},[54,77346,77348],{"className":56,"code":77347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[61,77349,77350,77362],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77351,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77353,184],{"class":95},[64,77355,1432],{"class":99},[64,77357,103],{"class":95},[64,77359,1437],{"class":99},[64,77361,746],{"class":95},[64,77363,77364,77366,77368,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77365,184],{"class":95},[64,77367,1432],{"class":99},[64,77369,103],{"class":95},[64,77371,1437],{"class":99},[64,77373,103],{"class":95},[64,77375,7764],{"class":99},[64,77377,103],{"class":95},[64,77379,50802],{"class":99},[64,77381,746],{"class":95},[14,77383,77384],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[816,77386,77388,77389,8675,77391],{"id":77387},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[61,77390,76010],{},[61,77392,73475],{},[54,77394,77396],{"className":56,"code":77395,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,77397,77398,77418,77422,77439,77450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77399,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77401,1161],{"class":74},[64,77403,92],{"class":91},[64,77405,112],{"class":95},[64,77407,1432],{"class":99},[64,77409,103],{"class":95},[64,77411,1437],{"class":99},[64,77413,103],{"class":95},[64,77415,7764],{"class":99},[64,77417,746],{"class":95},[64,77419,77420],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77421,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,77423,77424,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,77425,77426],{"class":74},"reversed_copy ",[64,77428,92],{"class":91},[64,77430,1191],{"class":74},[64,77432,74071],{"class":95},[64,77434,1986],{"class":91},[64,77436,100],{"class":99},[64,77438,746],{"class":95},[64,77440,77441,77443,77445,77448],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,77442,212],{"class":211},[64,77444,144],{"class":95},[64,77446,77447],{"class":140},"reversed_copy",[64,77449,150],{"class":95},[64,77451,77452,77454,77456,77458],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,77453,212],{"class":211},[64,77455,144],{"class":95},[64,77457,3611],{"class":140},[64,77459,150],{"class":95},[14,77461,2035],{},[54,77463,77465],{"className":56,"code":77464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[61,77466,77467,77483],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77468,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77470,184],{"class":95},[64,77472,1497],{"class":99},[64,77474,103],{"class":95},[64,77476,1437],{"class":99},[64,77478,103],{"class":95},[64,77480,5973],{"class":99},[64,77482,746],{"class":95},[64,77484,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77486,184],{"class":95},[64,77488,1432],{"class":99},[64,77490,103],{"class":95},[64,77492,1437],{"class":99},[64,77494,103],{"class":95},[64,77496,7764],{"class":99},[64,77498,746],{"class":95},[14,77500,77501,77504],{},[61,77502,77503],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77506,77507,77508,77511],{},"By contrast, ",[61,77509,77510],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[816,77513,77515],{"id":77514},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77517,77518],{},"This is not allowed:",[54,77520,77522],{"className":56,"code":77521,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[61,77523,77524,77544],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77525,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77527,1161],{"class":74},[64,77529,92],{"class":91},[64,77531,112],{"class":95},[64,77533,1432],{"class":99},[64,77535,103],{"class":95},[64,77537,1437],{"class":99},[64,77539,103],{"class":95},[64,77541,7764],{"class":99},[64,77543,746],{"class":95},[64,77545,77546],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77547,77548],{"class":222},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77550,77551,77552,137],{},"Python will raise a ",[61,77553,40662],{},[49,77555,77557],{"id":77556},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77559,77560],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[21,77562,77563,77570,77576,77579,77582],{},[24,77564,37161,77565,40,77567,77569],{},[61,77566,36030],{},[61,77568,75375],{}," positions",[24,77571,77572,77573,77575],{},"Assuming the ",[61,77574,75375],{}," index is included",[24,77577,77578],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[24,77580,77581],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[24,77583,77584],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77586,77587],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[54,77589,77591],{"className":56,"code":77590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[61,77592,77593,77603,77617,77635,77649,77666],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77594,77595,77597,77599,77601],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77596,212],{"class":211},[64,77598,144],{"class":95},[64,77600,8309],{"class":140},[64,77602,150],{"class":95},[64,77604,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77606,212],{"class":211},[64,77608,144],{"class":95},[64,77610,11134],{"class":211},[64,77612,144],{"class":95},[64,77614,8309],{"class":140},[64,77616,1737],{"class":95},[64,77618,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,77620,212],{"class":211},[64,77622,144],{"class":95},[64,77624,8309],{"class":140},[64,77626,184],{"class":95},[64,77628,100],{"class":99},[64,77630,1117],{"class":95},[64,77632,772],{"class":99},[64,77634,393],{"class":95},[64,77636,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,77638,212],{"class":211},[64,77640,144],{"class":95},[64,77642,8309],{"class":140},[64,77644,75484],{"class":95},[64,77646,115],{"class":99},[64,77648,393],{"class":95},[64,77650,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,77652,212],{"class":211},[64,77654,144],{"class":95},[64,77656,8309],{"class":140},[64,77658,184],{"class":95},[64,77660,1986],{"class":91},[64,77662,115],{"class":99},[64,77664,77665],{"class":95},":])\n",[64,77667,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,77669,212],{"class":211},[64,77671,144],{"class":95},[64,77673,8309],{"class":140},[64,77675,74071],{"class":95},[64,77677,1986],{"class":91},[64,77679,100],{"class":99},[64,77681,393],{"class":95},[14,77683,1654,77684,77686,77687,77691],{},[61,77685,42320],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[543,77688,77690],{"href":77689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[49,77693,1826],{"id":1825},[816,77695,77697],{"id":77696},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77699,77700],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[816,77702,77704],{"id":77703},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77706,77707],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[816,77709,5107,77711,39918],{"id":77710},"what-does-list-1-do",[61,77712,76010],{},[14,77714,77715],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[816,77717,77719,77720,2456],{"id":77718},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[61,77721,70681],{},[14,77723,77724],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[49,77726,1865],{"id":1864},[21,77728,77729,77734,77739,77743,77747,77751],{},[24,77730,77731],{},[543,77732,77733],{"href":50938},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[24,77735,77736],{},[543,77737,77738],{"href":57105},"How to create a list in Python",[24,77740,77741],{},[543,77742,1890],{"href":1369},[24,77744,77745],{},[543,77746,74756],{"href":74755},[24,77748,77749],{},[543,77750,77690],{"href":77689},[24,77752,77753],{},[543,77754,69209],{"href":69208},[14,77756,77757,77758,77760],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[61,77759,42320],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1898,77762,77763],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":77765},[77766,77767,77768,77769,77770,77771,77774,77778,77786,77787,77795],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":75539,"depth":78,"text":75540},{"id":75702,"depth":78,"text":75703},{"id":75964,"depth":78,"text":75965},{"id":76258,"depth":78,"text":76259},{"id":76504,"depth":78,"text":76505,"children":77772},[77773],{"id":76762,"depth":85,"text":76763},{"id":76816,"depth":78,"text":76817,"children":77775},[77776,77777],{"id":76823,"depth":85,"text":76824},{"id":76884,"depth":85,"text":76885},{"id":77091,"depth":78,"text":15130,"children":77779},[77780,77781,77782,77783,77785],{"id":77120,"depth":85,"text":77121},{"id":77209,"depth":85,"text":77210},{"id":77271,"depth":85,"text":77272},{"id":77387,"depth":85,"text":77784},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77514,"depth":85,"text":77515},{"id":77556,"depth":78,"text":77557},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":77788},[77789,77790,77791,77793],{"id":77696,"depth":85,"text":77697},{"id":77703,"depth":85,"text":77704},{"id":77710,"depth":85,"text":77792},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77718,"depth":85,"text":77794},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75362,"description":77796},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77803,"title":77804,"body":77805,"description":79874,"extension":1927,"meta":79875,"navigation":81,"path":79876,"seo":79877,"stem":79878,"__hash__":79879},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77806,"toc":79840},[77807,77812,77818,77824,77826,77873,77880,77885,77889,77904,77907,77960,77962,77987,77992,77994,78026,78029,78045,78047,78108,78110,78135,78139,78144,78197,78199,78224,78229,78290,78292,78317,78320,78327,78331,78334,78395,78397,78430,78433,78494,78496,78529,78535,78608,78610,78642,78649,78654,78659,78661,78673,78676,78754,78756,78797,78800,78874,78876,78909,78914,78921,78928,78932,78941,78945,78953,78955,79022,79024,79060,79065,79076,79078,79083,79088,79090,79153,79155,79180,79187,79192,79196,79199,79239,79244,79250,79255,79257,79284,79289,79292,79339,79341,79398,79405,79410,79416,79485,79489,79492,79555,79557,79590,79595,79597,79600,79681,79683,79707,79713,79715,79720,79724,79731,79739,79743,79745,79768,79772,79774,79801,79804,79811,79814,79816,79837],[10,77808,54301,77810,11295],{"id":77809},"python-list-sort-method",[61,77811,64261],{},[14,77813,77814,77817],{},[61,77815,77816],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77819,77820,77821,77823],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[61,77822,64261],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[49,77825,52],{"id":51},[54,77827,77829],{"className":56,"code":77828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,77830,77831,77851,77861],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77832,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77834,1161],{"class":74},[64,77836,92],{"class":91},[64,77838,112],{"class":95},[64,77840,115],{"class":99},[64,77842,103],{"class":95},[64,77844,5465],{"class":99},[64,77846,103],{"class":95},[64,77848,106],{"class":99},[64,77850,746],{"class":95},[64,77852,77853,77855,77857,77859],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77854,3611],{"class":74},[64,77856,137],{"class":95},[64,77858,34757],{"class":140},[64,77860,366],{"class":95},[64,77862,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,77864,212],{"class":211},[64,77866,144],{"class":95},[64,77868,3611],{"class":140},[64,77870,219],{"class":95},[64,77872,1226],{"class":222},[14,77874,256,77875,77877,77878,137],{},[61,77876,77816],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[61,77879,3741],{},[49,77881,3639,77883,3642],{"id":77882},"what-listsort-does",[61,77884,77816],{},[14,77886,77887,1117],{},[61,77888,77816],{},[21,77890,77891,77894,77897,77901],{},[24,77892,77893],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[24,77895,77896],{},"Changes the original list",[24,77898,11397,77899],{},[61,77900,3741],{},[24,77902,77903],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77905,77906],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[54,77908,77910],{"className":56,"code":77909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,77911,77912,77936,77946,77950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77913,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77915,1161],{"class":74},[64,77917,92],{"class":91},[64,77919,112],{"class":95},[64,77921,385],{"class":99},[64,77923,103],{"class":95},[64,77925,106],{"class":99},[64,77927,103],{"class":95},[64,77929,54095],{"class":99},[64,77931,103],{"class":95},[64,77933,5465],{"class":99},[64,77935,746],{"class":95},[64,77937,77938,77940,77942,77944],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,77939,3611],{"class":74},[64,77941,137],{"class":95},[64,77943,34757],{"class":140},[64,77945,366],{"class":95},[64,77947,77948],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,77949,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,77951,77952,77954,77956,77958],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,77953,212],{"class":211},[64,77955,144],{"class":95},[64,77957,3611],{"class":140},[64,77959,150],{"class":95},[14,77961,2035],{},[54,77963,77965],{"className":56,"code":77964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[61,77966,77967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,77968,77969,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77970,184],{"class":95},[64,77972,100],{"class":99},[64,77974,103],{"class":95},[64,77976,106],{"class":99},[64,77978,103],{"class":95},[64,77980,4570],{"class":99},[64,77982,103],{"class":95},[64,77984,54095],{"class":99},[64,77986,746],{"class":95},[14,77988,77989,77990,137],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[543,77991,67027],{"href":50938},[49,77993,2120],{"id":2119},[54,77995,77997],{"className":56,"code":77996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[61,77998,77999],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78000,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009,78011,78013,78015,78017,78020,78022,78024],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78002,8309],{"class":74},[64,78004,137],{"class":95},[64,78006,34757],{"class":140},[64,78008,144],{"class":95},[64,78010,14796],{"class":9147},[64,78012,92],{"class":91},[64,78014,3741],{"class":3816},[64,78016,103],{"class":95},[64,78018,78019],{"class":9147}," reverse",[64,78021,92],{"class":91},[64,78023,3635],{"class":3816},[64,78025,150],{"class":95},[14,78027,78028],{},"Main arguments:",[21,78030,78031,78036,78042],{},[24,78032,78033,78035],{},[61,78034,14796],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[24,78037,78038,78041],{},[61,78039,78040],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[24,78043,78044],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78046,318],{},[54,78048,78050],{"className":56,"code":78049,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,78051,78052,78076,78094,78098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78053,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78055,1161],{"class":74},[64,78057,92],{"class":91},[64,78059,112],{"class":95},[64,78061,772],{"class":99},[64,78063,103],{"class":95},[64,78065,5465],{"class":99},[64,78067,103],{"class":95},[64,78069,5962],{"class":99},[64,78071,103],{"class":95},[64,78073,106],{"class":99},[64,78075,746],{"class":95},[64,78077,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78079,3611],{"class":74},[64,78081,137],{"class":95},[64,78083,34757],{"class":140},[64,78085,144],{"class":95},[64,78087,73526],{"class":9147},[64,78089,92],{"class":91},[64,78091,3567],{"class":3816},[64,78093,150],{"class":95},[64,78095,78096],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78097,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78099,78100,78102,78104,78106],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78101,212],{"class":211},[64,78103,144],{"class":95},[64,78105,3611],{"class":140},[64,78107,150],{"class":95},[14,78109,2035],{},[54,78111,78113],{"className":56,"code":78112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[61,78114,78115],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78116,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78118,184],{"class":95},[64,78120,1989],{"class":99},[64,78122,103],{"class":95},[64,78124,120],{"class":99},[64,78126,103],{"class":95},[64,78128,106],{"class":99},[64,78130,103],{"class":95},[64,78132,5465],{"class":99},[64,78134,746],{"class":95},[49,78136,78138],{"id":78137},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78140,256,78141,78143],{},[61,78142,64261],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[54,78145,78147],{"className":56,"code":78146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,78148,78149,78173,78183,78187],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78150,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167,78169,78171],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78152,1161],{"class":74},[64,78154,92],{"class":91},[64,78156,112],{"class":95},[64,78158,1432],{"class":99},[64,78160,103],{"class":95},[64,78162,743],{"class":99},[64,78164,103],{"class":95},[64,78166,6329],{"class":99},[64,78168,103],{"class":95},[64,78170,5465],{"class":99},[64,78172,746],{"class":95},[64,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78176,3611],{"class":74},[64,78178,137],{"class":95},[64,78180,34757],{"class":140},[64,78182,366],{"class":95},[64,78184,78185],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78186,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78188,78189,78191,78193,78195],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78190,212],{"class":211},[64,78192,144],{"class":95},[64,78194,3611],{"class":140},[64,78196,150],{"class":95},[14,78198,2035],{},[54,78200,78202],{"className":56,"code":78201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[61,78203,78204],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78205,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220,78222],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78207,184],{"class":95},[64,78209,100],{"class":99},[64,78211,103],{"class":95},[64,78213,743],{"class":99},[64,78215,103],{"class":95},[64,78217,6329],{"class":99},[64,78219,103],{"class":95},[64,78221,5973],{"class":99},[64,78223,746],{"class":95},[14,78225,256,78226,78228],{},[61,78227,78040],{}," for descending order:",[54,78230,78232],{"className":56,"code":78231,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,78233,78234,78258,78276,78280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78235,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78237,1161],{"class":74},[64,78239,92],{"class":91},[64,78241,112],{"class":95},[64,78243,1432],{"class":99},[64,78245,103],{"class":95},[64,78247,743],{"class":99},[64,78249,103],{"class":95},[64,78251,6329],{"class":99},[64,78253,103],{"class":95},[64,78255,5465],{"class":99},[64,78257,746],{"class":95},[64,78259,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78261,3611],{"class":74},[64,78263,137],{"class":95},[64,78265,34757],{"class":140},[64,78267,144],{"class":95},[64,78269,73526],{"class":9147},[64,78271,92],{"class":91},[64,78273,3567],{"class":3816},[64,78275,150],{"class":95},[64,78277,78278],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78279,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78281,78282,78284,78286,78288],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78283,212],{"class":211},[64,78285,144],{"class":95},[64,78287,3611],{"class":140},[64,78289,150],{"class":95},[14,78291,2035],{},[54,78293,78295],{"className":56,"code":78294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[61,78296,78297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78300,184],{"class":95},[64,78302,1432],{"class":99},[64,78304,103],{"class":95},[64,78306,6329],{"class":99},[64,78308,103],{"class":95},[64,78310,743],{"class":99},[64,78312,103],{"class":95},[64,78314,5465],{"class":99},[64,78316,746],{"class":95},[14,78318,78319],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78321,78322,78323,137],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[543,78324,78326],{"href":78325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[49,78328,78330],{"id":78329},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78332,78333],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[54,78335,78337],{"className":56,"code":78336,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,78338,78339,78371,78381,78385],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78340,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78342,4034],{"class":74},[64,78344,92],{"class":91},[64,78346,112],{"class":95},[64,78348,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78350,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78352,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78354,103],{"class":95},[64,78356,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78358,4043],{"class":1422},[64,78360,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78362,103],{"class":95},[64,78364,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78366,4061],{"class":1422},[64,78368,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78370,746],{"class":95},[64,78372,78373,78375,78377,78379],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78374,4078],{"class":74},[64,78376,137],{"class":95},[64,78378,34757],{"class":140},[64,78380,366],{"class":95},[64,78382,78383],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78384,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78386,78387,78389,78391,78393],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78388,212],{"class":211},[64,78390,144],{"class":95},[64,78392,4078],{"class":140},[64,78394,150],{"class":95},[14,78396,2035],{},[54,78398,78400],{"className":56,"code":78399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[61,78401,78402],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78403,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78405,184],{"class":95},[64,78407,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78409,4043],{"class":1422},[64,78411,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78413,103],{"class":95},[64,78415,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78417,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78419,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78421,103],{"class":95},[64,78423,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78425,4061],{"class":1422},[64,78427,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78429,746],{"class":95},[14,78431,78432],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[54,78434,78436],{"className":56,"code":78435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,78437,78438,78470,78480,78484],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78439,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78441,4034],{"class":74},[64,78443,92],{"class":91},[64,78445,112],{"class":95},[64,78447,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78449,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78451,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78453,103],{"class":95},[64,78455,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78457,57717],{"class":1422},[64,78459,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78461,103],{"class":95},[64,78463,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78465,4061],{"class":1422},[64,78467,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78469,746],{"class":95},[64,78471,78472,78474,78476,78478],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78473,4078],{"class":74},[64,78475,137],{"class":95},[64,78477,34757],{"class":140},[64,78479,366],{"class":95},[64,78481,78482],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78483,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78485,78486,78488,78490,78492],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78487,212],{"class":211},[64,78489,144],{"class":95},[64,78491,4078],{"class":140},[64,78493,150],{"class":95},[14,78495,2035],{},[54,78497,78499],{"className":56,"code":78498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[61,78500,78501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78502,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78504,184],{"class":95},[64,78506,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78508,57717],{"class":1422},[64,78510,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78512,103],{"class":95},[64,78514,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78516,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78518,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78520,103],{"class":95},[64,78522,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78524,4061],{"class":1422},[64,78526,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78528,746],{"class":95},[14,78530,78531,78532,1117],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[61,78533,78534],{},"key=str.lower",[54,78536,78538],{"className":56,"code":78537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,78539,78540,78572,78594,78598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78541,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78543,4034],{"class":74},[64,78545,92],{"class":91},[64,78547,112],{"class":95},[64,78549,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78551,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78553,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78555,103],{"class":95},[64,78557,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78559,57717],{"class":1422},[64,78561,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78563,103],{"class":95},[64,78565,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78567,4061],{"class":1422},[64,78569,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78571,746],{"class":95},[64,78573,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78575,4078],{"class":74},[64,78577,137],{"class":95},[64,78579,34757],{"class":140},[64,78581,144],{"class":95},[64,78583,14796],{"class":9147},[64,78585,92],{"class":91},[64,78587,3406],{"class":1778},[64,78589,137],{"class":95},[64,78591,8611],{"class":24704},[64,78593,150],{"class":95},[64,78595,78596],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78597,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78599,78600,78602,78604,78606],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78601,212],{"class":211},[64,78603,144],{"class":95},[64,78605,4078],{"class":140},[64,78607,150],{"class":95},[14,78609,2035],{},[54,78611,78612],{"className":56,"code":78498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,78613,78614],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78615,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78617,184],{"class":95},[64,78619,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78621,57717],{"class":1422},[64,78623,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78625,103],{"class":95},[64,78627,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78629,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78631,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78633,103],{"class":95},[64,78635,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78637,4061],{"class":1422},[64,78639,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78641,746],{"class":95},[14,78643,78644,78645,78648],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[61,78646,78647],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[49,78650,36570,78652,36573],{"id":78651},"using-the-key-argument",[61,78653,14796],{},[14,78655,1944,78656,78658],{},[61,78657,14796],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78660,7311],{},[21,78662,78663,78668],{},[24,78664,78665,78667],{},[61,78666,11134],{}," to sort by length",[24,78669,78670,78672],{},[61,78671,78647],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78674,78675],{},"Sort words by length:",[54,78677,78679],{"className":56,"code":78678,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,78680,78681,78722,78740,78744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78682,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78684,4034],{"class":74},[64,78686,92],{"class":91},[64,78688,112],{"class":95},[64,78690,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78692,78693],{"class":1422},"pear",[64,78695,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78697,103],{"class":95},[64,78699,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78701,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78703,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78705,103],{"class":95},[64,78707,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78709,38315],{"class":1422},[64,78711,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78713,103],{"class":95},[64,78715,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78717,4043],{"class":1422},[64,78719,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78721,746],{"class":95},[64,78723,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78725,4078],{"class":74},[64,78727,137],{"class":95},[64,78729,34757],{"class":140},[64,78731,144],{"class":95},[64,78733,14796],{"class":9147},[64,78735,92],{"class":91},[64,78737,11134],{"class":211},[64,78739,150],{"class":95},[64,78741,78742],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78743,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78745,78746,78748,78750,78752],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78747,212],{"class":211},[64,78749,144],{"class":95},[64,78751,4078],{"class":140},[64,78753,150],{"class":95},[14,78755,2035],{},[54,78757,78759],{"className":56,"code":78758,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[61,78760,78761],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78762,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78764,184],{"class":95},[64,78766,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78768,38315],{"class":1422},[64,78770,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78772,103],{"class":95},[64,78774,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78776,78693],{"class":1422},[64,78778,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78780,103],{"class":95},[64,78782,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78784,4043],{"class":1422},[64,78786,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78788,103],{"class":95},[64,78790,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78792,4052],{"class":1422},[64,78794,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78796,746],{"class":95},[14,78798,78799],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[54,78801,78803],{"className":56,"code":78802,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,78804,78805,78838,78860,78864],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78806,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78834,78836],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78808,4034],{"class":74},[64,78810,92],{"class":91},[64,78812,112],{"class":95},[64,78814,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78816,4977],{"class":1422},[64,78818,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78820,103],{"class":95},[64,78822,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78824,17757],{"class":1422},[64,78826,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78828,103],{"class":95},[64,78830,3315],{"class":1418},[64,78832,78833],{"class":1422},"Carol",[64,78835,1419],{"class":1418},[64,78837,746],{"class":95},[64,78839,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78841,4078],{"class":74},[64,78843,137],{"class":95},[64,78845,34757],{"class":140},[64,78847,144],{"class":95},[64,78849,14796],{"class":9147},[64,78851,92],{"class":91},[64,78853,3406],{"class":1778},[64,78855,137],{"class":95},[64,78857,8611],{"class":24704},[64,78859,150],{"class":95},[64,78861,78862],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78863,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78865,78866,78868,78870,78872],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,78867,212],{"class":211},[64,78869,144],{"class":95},[64,78871,4078],{"class":140},[64,78873,150],{"class":95},[14,78875,2035],{},[54,78877,78879],{"className":56,"code":78878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[61,78880,78881],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78882,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78884,184],{"class":95},[64,78886,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78888,17757],{"class":1422},[64,78890,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78892,103],{"class":95},[64,78894,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78896,4977],{"class":1422},[64,78898,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78900,103],{"class":95},[64,78902,3256],{"class":1418},[64,78904,78833],{"class":1422},[64,78906,3261],{"class":1418},[64,78908,746],{"class":95},[14,78910,1944,78911,78913],{},[61,78912,14796],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[49,78915,78917,10557,78919],{"id":78916},"listsort-vs-sorted",[61,78918,77816],{},[61,78920,74373],{},[14,78922,78923,40,78925,78927],{},[61,78924,77816],{},[61,78926,74373],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78929,78930,1117],{},[61,78931,77816],{},[21,78933,78934,78937],{},[24,78935,78936],{},"Changes the existing list",[24,78938,11397,78939],{},[61,78940,3741],{},[14,78942,78943,1117],{},[61,78944,74373],{},[21,78946,78947,78950],{},[24,78948,78949],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[24,78951,78952],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78954,318],{},[54,78956,78958],{"className":56,"code":78957,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[61,78959,78960,78980,78984,78998,79002,79012],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,78961,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78963,1161],{"class":74},[64,78965,92],{"class":91},[64,78967,112],{"class":95},[64,78969,115],{"class":99},[64,78971,103],{"class":95},[64,78973,5465],{"class":99},[64,78975,103],{"class":95},[64,78977,106],{"class":99},[64,78979,746],{"class":95},[64,78981,78982],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,78983,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,78985,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,78987,55845],{"class":74},[64,78989,92],{"class":91},[64,78991,74507],{"class":211},[64,78993,144],{"class":95},[64,78995,3611],{"class":140},[64,78997,150],{"class":95},[64,78999,79000],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,79001,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,79003,79004,79006,79008,79010],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,79005,212],{"class":211},[64,79007,144],{"class":95},[64,79009,3611],{"class":140},[64,79011,150],{"class":95},[64,79013,79014,79016,79018,79020],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,79015,212],{"class":211},[64,79017,144],{"class":95},[64,79019,74230],{"class":140},[64,79021,150],{"class":95},[14,79023,2035],{},[54,79025,79026],{"className":56,"code":74542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,79027,79028,79044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79029,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79031,184],{"class":95},[64,79033,115],{"class":99},[64,79035,103],{"class":95},[64,79037,5465],{"class":99},[64,79039,103],{"class":95},[64,79041,106],{"class":99},[64,79043,746],{"class":95},[64,79045,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79047,184],{"class":95},[64,79049,100],{"class":99},[64,79051,103],{"class":95},[64,79053,106],{"class":99},[64,79055,103],{"class":95},[64,79057,743],{"class":99},[64,79059,746],{"class":95},[14,79061,256,79062,79064],{},[61,79063,74373],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79066,79067,79068,40,79072,137],{},"You can learn more in ",[543,79069,1877,79070,5751],{"href":74470},[61,79071,74373],{},[543,79073,79075],{"href":79074},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[49,79077,1646],{"id":1645},[14,79079,79080,79081,137],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[61,79082,77816],{},[816,79084,12561,79086],{"id":79085},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[61,79087,64261],{},[14,79089,25645],{},[54,79091,79093],{"className":56,"code":79092,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,79094,79095,79115,79129,79133,79143],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79096,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79098,1161],{"class":74},[64,79100,92],{"class":91},[64,79102,112],{"class":95},[64,79104,115],{"class":99},[64,79106,103],{"class":95},[64,79108,5465],{"class":99},[64,79110,103],{"class":95},[64,79112,106],{"class":99},[64,79114,746],{"class":95},[64,79116,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79118,2194],{"class":74},[64,79120,92],{"class":91},[64,79122,1191],{"class":74},[64,79124,137],{"class":95},[64,79126,34757],{"class":140},[64,79128,366],{"class":95},[64,79130,79131],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,79132,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,79134,79135,79137,79139,79141],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,79136,212],{"class":211},[64,79138,144],{"class":95},[64,79140,2229],{"class":140},[64,79142,150],{"class":95},[64,79144,79145,79147,79149,79151],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,79146,212],{"class":211},[64,79148,144],{"class":95},[64,79150,3611],{"class":140},[64,79152,150],{"class":95},[14,79154,2035],{},[54,79156,79158],{"className":56,"code":79157,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[61,79159,79160,79164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79161,79162],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79163,11782],{"class":3816},[64,79165,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79167,184],{"class":95},[64,79169,100],{"class":99},[64,79171,103],{"class":95},[64,79173,106],{"class":99},[64,79175,103],{"class":95},[64,79177,743],{"class":99},[64,79179,746],{"class":95},[14,79181,79182,79184,79185,137],{},[61,79183,64261],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[61,79186,3741],{},[14,79188,79189,79190,6598],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[61,79191,74373],{},[816,79193,79195],{"id":79194},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79197,79198],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[54,79200,79202],{"className":56,"code":79201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[61,79203,79204,79229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79205,79206,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216,79218,79221,79223,79225,79227],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79207,7749],{"class":74},[64,79209,92],{"class":91},[64,79211,112],{"class":95},[64,79213,100],{"class":99},[64,79215,103],{"class":95},[64,79217,3315],{"class":1418},[64,79219,79220],{"class":1422},"two",[64,79222,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79224,103],{"class":95},[64,79226,743],{"class":99},[64,79228,746],{"class":95},[64,79230,79231,79233,79235,79237],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79232,7779],{"class":74},[64,79234,137],{"class":95},[64,79236,34757],{"class":140},[64,79238,366],{"class":95},[14,79240,2961,79241,79243],{},[61,79242,2964],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[816,79245,4668,79247,79249],{"id":79246},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[61,79248,64261],{}," only works on lists",[14,79251,79252,79254],{},[61,79253,64261],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79256,16596],{},[54,79258,79260],{"className":56,"code":79259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[61,79261,79262,79274],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79263,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79265,34645],{"class":74},[64,79267,92],{"class":91},[64,79269,3315],{"class":1418},[64,79271,58],{"class":1422},[64,79273,3321],{"class":1418},[64,79275,79276,79278,79280,79282],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79277,34666],{"class":74},[64,79279,137],{"class":95},[64,79281,34757],{"class":140},[64,79283,366],{"class":95},[14,79285,79286,79287,33557],{},"Strings do not have a ",[61,79288,64261],{},[14,79290,79291],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[54,79293,79295],{"className":56,"code":79294,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[61,79296,79297,79315,79325,79329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79298,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79300,36048],{"class":74},[64,79302,92],{"class":91},[64,79304,22513],{"class":1778},[64,79306,144],{"class":95},[64,79308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79310,58],{"class":1422},[64,79312,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79314,150],{"class":95},[64,79316,79317,79319,79321,79323],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79318,36101],{"class":74},[64,79320,137],{"class":95},[64,79322,34757],{"class":140},[64,79324,366],{"class":95},[64,79326,79327],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,79328,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,79330,79331,79333,79335,79337],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,79332,212],{"class":211},[64,79334,144],{"class":95},[64,79336,36101],{"class":140},[64,79338,150],{"class":95},[14,79340,2035],{},[54,79342,79344],{"className":56,"code":79343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[61,79345,79346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79347,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79349,184],{"class":95},[64,79351,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79353,60387],{"class":1422},[64,79355,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79357,103],{"class":95},[64,79359,3256],{"class":1418},[64,79361,75979],{"class":1422},[64,79363,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79365,103],{"class":95},[64,79367,3256],{"class":1418},[64,79369,60422],{"class":1422},[64,79371,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79373,103],{"class":95},[64,79375,3256],{"class":1418},[64,79377,14],{"class":1422},[64,79379,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79381,103],{"class":95},[64,79383,3256],{"class":1418},[64,79385,63236],{"class":1422},[64,79387,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79389,103],{"class":95},[64,79391,3256],{"class":1418},[64,79393,11719],{"class":1422},[64,79395,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79397,746],{"class":95},[816,79399,79401,79402,79404],{"id":79400},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[61,79403,14796],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79406,79407,79408,137],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[61,79409,14796],{},[14,79411,79412,79413,79415],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[61,79414,64261],{}," will not do that:",[54,79417,79419],{"className":56,"code":79418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,79420,79421,79453,79471,79475],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79422,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79424,4034],{"class":74},[64,79426,92],{"class":91},[64,79428,112],{"class":95},[64,79430,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79432,4052],{"class":1422},[64,79434,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79436,103],{"class":95},[64,79438,3315],{"class":1418},[64,79440,38315],{"class":1422},[64,79442,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79444,103],{"class":95},[64,79446,3315],{"class":1418},[64,79448,4043],{"class":1422},[64,79450,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79452,746],{"class":95},[64,79454,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79456,4078],{"class":74},[64,79458,137],{"class":95},[64,79460,34757],{"class":140},[64,79462,144],{"class":95},[64,79464,14796],{"class":9147},[64,79466,92],{"class":91},[64,79468,11134],{"class":211},[64,79470,150],{"class":95},[64,79472,79473],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,79474,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,79476,79477,79479,79481,79483],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,79478,212],{"class":211},[64,79480,144],{"class":95},[64,79482,4078],{"class":140},[64,79484,150],{"class":95},[816,79486,79488],{"id":79487},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79490,79491],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[54,79493,79495],{"className":56,"code":79494,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,79496,79497,79531,79541,79545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79498,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79527,79529],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79500,4034],{"class":74},[64,79502,92],{"class":91},[64,79504,112],{"class":95},[64,79506,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79508,79509],{"class":1422},"zebra",[64,79511,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79513,103],{"class":95},[64,79515,3315],{"class":1418},[64,79517,57717],{"class":1422},[64,79519,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79521,103],{"class":95},[64,79523,3315],{"class":1418},[64,79525,79526],{"class":1422},"monkey",[64,79528,1419],{"class":1418},[64,79530,746],{"class":95},[64,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79534,4078],{"class":74},[64,79536,137],{"class":95},[64,79538,34757],{"class":140},[64,79540,366],{"class":95},[64,79542,79543],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,79544,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,79546,79547,79549,79551,79553],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,79548,212],{"class":211},[64,79550,144],{"class":95},[64,79552,4078],{"class":140},[64,79554,150],{"class":95},[14,79556,2035],{},[54,79558,79560],{"className":56,"code":79559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[61,79561,79562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79563,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79565,184],{"class":95},[64,79567,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79569,57717],{"class":1422},[64,79571,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79573,103],{"class":95},[64,79575,3256],{"class":1418},[64,79577,79526],{"class":1422},[64,79579,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79581,103],{"class":95},[64,79583,3256],{"class":1418},[64,79585,79509],{"class":1422},[64,79587,3261],{"class":1418},[64,79589,746],{"class":95},[14,79591,256,79592,79594],{},[61,79593,78534],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[816,79596,60659],{"id":60658},[14,79598,79599],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[54,79601,79603],{"className":56,"code":79602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[61,79604,79605,79615,79629,79643,79657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79606,79607,79609,79611,79613],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79608,212],{"class":211},[64,79610,144],{"class":95},[64,79612,8309],{"class":140},[64,79614,150],{"class":95},[64,79616,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79618,212],{"class":211},[64,79620,144],{"class":95},[64,79622,1779],{"class":1778},[64,79624,144],{"class":95},[64,79626,8309],{"class":140},[64,79628,1737],{"class":95},[64,79630,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,79632,212],{"class":211},[64,79634,144],{"class":95},[64,79636,8309],{"class":140},[64,79638,137],{"class":95},[64,79640,34757],{"class":140},[64,79642,7162],{"class":95},[64,79644,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,79646,212],{"class":211},[64,79648,144],{"class":95},[64,79650,74463],{"class":211},[64,79652,144],{"class":95},[64,79654,8309],{"class":140},[64,79656,1737],{"class":95},[64,79658,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,79660,212],{"class":211},[64,79662,382],{"class":95},[64,79664,1779],{"class":1778},[64,79666,144],{"class":95},[64,79668,23264],{"class":140},[64,79670,219],{"class":95},[64,79672,3841],{"class":70},[64,79674,5929],{"class":140},[64,79676,3847],{"class":70},[64,79678,8366],{"class":140},[64,79680,393],{"class":95},[14,79682,11143],{},[21,79684,79685,79688,79691,79698,79704],{},[24,79686,79687],{},"What values are in the list",[24,79689,79690],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[24,79692,79693,79694,2361,79696],{},"That ",[61,79695,64261],{},[61,79697,3741],{},[24,79699,79700,79701,79703],{},"Whether ",[61,79702,74373],{}," works better for your case",[24,79705,79706],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79708,79709,79710,79712],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[61,79711,2964],{}," problems.",[49,79714,1826],{"id":1825},[816,79716,12670,79718,55426],{"id":79717},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[61,79719,77816],{},[14,79721,62552,79722,137],{},[61,79723,3741],{},[816,79725,5145,79727,40,79729,2456],{"id":79726},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[61,79728,64261],{},[61,79730,74373],{},[14,79732,79733,79735,79736,79738],{},[61,79734,64261],{}," changes the list itself. ",[61,79737,74373],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[816,79740,79742],{"id":79741},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79744,18648],{},[54,79746,79748],{"className":56,"code":79747,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[61,79749,79750],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79751,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79753,8309],{"class":74},[64,79755,137],{"class":95},[64,79757,34757],{"class":140},[64,79759,144],{"class":95},[64,79761,73526],{"class":9147},[64,79763,92],{"class":91},[64,79765,3567],{"class":3816},[64,79767,150],{"class":95},[816,79769,79771],{"id":79770},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79773,18648],{},[54,79775,79777],{"className":56,"code":79776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[61,79778,79779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79780,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79782,8309],{"class":74},[64,79784,137],{"class":95},[64,79786,34757],{"class":140},[64,79788,144],{"class":95},[64,79790,14796],{"class":9147},[64,79792,92],{"class":91},[64,79794,3406],{"class":1778},[64,79796,137],{"class":95},[64,79798,8611],{"class":24704},[64,79800,150],{"class":95},[14,79802,79803],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[816,79805,79807,79808,79810],{"id":79806},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[61,79809,2964],{}," when sorting?",[14,79812,79813],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[49,79815,1865],{"id":1864},[21,79817,79818,79823,79829,79833],{},[24,79819,79820],{},[543,79821,79822],{"href":78325},"How to sort a list in Python",[24,79824,79825],{},[543,79826,1877,79827,5751],{"href":74470},[61,79828,74373],{},[24,79830,79831],{},[543,79832,67027],{"href":50938},[24,79834,79835],{},[543,79836,79075],{"href":79074},[1898,79838,79839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":79841},[79842,79843,79845,79846,79847,79848,79850,79852,79863,79873],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":77882,"depth":78,"text":79844},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":78137,"depth":78,"text":78138},{"id":78329,"depth":78,"text":78330},{"id":78651,"depth":78,"text":79849},"Using the key argument",{"id":78916,"depth":78,"text":79851},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":79853},[79854,79856,79857,79859,79861,79862],{"id":79085,"depth":85,"text":79855},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79194,"depth":85,"text":79195},{"id":79246,"depth":85,"text":79858},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79400,"depth":85,"text":79860},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79487,"depth":85,"text":79488},{"id":60658,"depth":85,"text":60659},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":79864},[79865,79867,79869,79870,79871],{"id":79717,"depth":85,"text":79866},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79726,"depth":85,"text":79868},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79741,"depth":85,"text":79742},{"id":79770,"depth":85,"text":79771},{"id":79806,"depth":85,"text":79872},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77804,"description":79874},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79881,"title":79882,"body":79883,"description":82514,"extension":1927,"meta":82515,"navigation":81,"path":82516,"seo":82517,"stem":82518,"__hash__":82519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79884,"toc":82473},[79885,79890,79895,79898,79909,79912,79932,79934,79996,79998,80039,80048,80053,80058,80064,80075,80077,80096,80099,80104,80109,80111,80116,80130,80132,80150,80153,80170,80173,80179,80202,80207,80209,80212,80273,80275,80308,80310,80349,80357,80367,80373,80378,80471,80473,80497,80499,80517,80520,80551,80557,80562,80565,80567,80692,80694,80718,80720,80739,80745,80751,80870,80872,80889,80896,80902,80907,80914,80920,80922,80979,80982,81003,81006,81009,81070,81072,81105,81109,81179,81181,81198,81202,81205,81280,81282,81319,81322,81325,81396,81398,81459,81464,81469,81472,81486,81488,81561,81563,81583,81586,81589,81646,81708,81711,81743,81746,81761,81766,81768,81774,81777,81833,81836,81838,81857,81861,81863,81907,81916,81918,81978,81982,81985,81987,82080,82082,82197,82201,82203,82277,82280,82283,82285,82290,82355,82357,82381,82391,82393,82399,82408,82417,82426,82432,82435,82439,82442,82444,82470],[10,79886,1877,79888,3542],{"id":79887},"python-map-function-explained",[61,79889,39674],{},[14,79891,3545,79892,79894],{},[61,79893,39674],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79896,79897],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[21,79899,79900,79903,79906],{},[24,79901,79902],{},"converting numbers to strings",[24,79904,79905],{},"changing strings to integers",[24,79907,79908],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79910,79911],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[21,79913,79914,79921,79927],{},[24,79915,79916,14015,79918,79920],{},[61,79917,39674],{},[37,79919,300],{}," return a list in Python 3",[24,79922,79923,79924],{},"it returns a ",[37,79925,79926],{},"map object",[24,79928,79929,79930],{},"you often convert that result with ",[61,79931,24735],{},[49,79933,52],{"id":51},[54,79935,79937],{"className":56,"code":79936,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,79938,79939,79963,79982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,79940,79941,79943,79945,79947,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959,79961],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79942,1161],{"class":74},[64,79944,92],{"class":91},[64,79946,112],{"class":95},[64,79948,100],{"class":99},[64,79950,103],{"class":95},[64,79952,106],{"class":99},[64,79954,103],{"class":95},[64,79956,743],{"class":99},[64,79958,103],{"class":95},[64,79960,120],{"class":99},[64,79962,746],{"class":95},[64,79964,79965,79967,79969,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,79966,2194],{"class":74},[64,79968,92],{"class":91},[64,79970,79971],{"class":211}," map",[64,79973,144],{"class":95},[64,79975,3406],{"class":1778},[64,79977,103],{"class":95},[64,79979,1191],{"class":140},[64,79981,150],{"class":95},[64,79983,79984,79986,79988,79990,79992,79994],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,79985,212],{"class":211},[64,79987,144],{"class":95},[64,79989,8064],{"class":1778},[64,79991,144],{"class":95},[64,79993,2229],{"class":140},[64,79995,1737],{"class":95},[14,79997,2035],{},[54,79999,80001],{"className":56,"code":80000,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[61,80002,80003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80004,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80006,184],{"class":95},[64,80008,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80010,100],{"class":1422},[64,80012,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80014,103],{"class":95},[64,80016,3256],{"class":1418},[64,80018,2021],{"class":1422},[64,80020,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80022,103],{"class":95},[64,80024,3256],{"class":1418},[64,80026,115],{"class":1422},[64,80028,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80030,103],{"class":95},[64,80032,3256],{"class":1418},[64,80034,772],{"class":1422},[64,80036,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80038,746],{"class":95},[14,80040,256,80041,80044,80045,80047],{},[61,80042,80043],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[61,80046,24735],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[49,80049,3639,80051,3642],{"id":80050},"what-map-does",[61,80052,39674],{},[14,80054,80055,80057],{},[61,80056,39674],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80059,80060,80061,80063],{},"An ",[37,80062,3683],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[21,80065,80066,80068,80070,80072],{},[24,80067,37858],{},[24,80069,37861],{},[24,80071,37864],{},[24,80073,80074],{},"a range object",[14,80076,30680],{},[54,80078,80080],{"className":56,"code":80079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"map(function, iterable)\n",[61,80081,80082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80083,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092,80094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80085,39817],{"class":211},[64,80087,144],{"class":95},[64,80089,37817],{"class":140},[64,80091,103],{"class":95},[64,80093,37822],{"class":140},[64,80095,150],{"class":95},[14,80097,80098],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80100,80101,80102,33698],{},"Important: the result is a ",[37,80103,79926],{},[14,80105,80106,80107,137],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[543,80108,5101],{"href":5100},[49,80110,2120],{"id":2119},[14,80112,80113,80115],{},[61,80114,39674],{}," needs at least two parts:",[21,80117,80118,80124],{},[24,80119,80120,80123],{},[37,80121,80122],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[24,80125,80126,80129],{},[37,80127,80128],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80131,3668],{},[54,80133,80134],{"className":56,"code":80079,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,80135,80136],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80137,80138,80140,80142,80144,80146,80148],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80139,39817],{"class":211},[64,80141,144],{"class":95},[64,80143,37817],{"class":140},[64,80145,103],{"class":95},[64,80147,37822],{"class":140},[64,80149,150],{"class":95},[14,80151,80152],{},"You can pass:",[21,80154,80155,80164,80167],{},[24,80156,80157,80158,2153,80160,2157,80162],{},"built-in functions like ",[61,80159,3406],{},[61,80161,2152],{},[61,80163,1981],{},[24,80165,80166],{},"your own custom function",[24,80168,80169],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80171,80172],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80174,80175,80176,80178],{},"You will often see ",[61,80177,39674],{}," used like this:",[54,80180,80182],{"className":56,"code":80181,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list(map(function, values))\n",[61,80183,80184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80185,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80187,8064],{"class":1778},[64,80189,144],{"class":95},[64,80191,39817],{"class":211},[64,80193,144],{"class":95},[64,80195,37817],{"class":140},[64,80197,103],{"class":95},[64,80199,3850],{"class":140},[64,80201,1737],{"class":95},[14,80203,6644,80204,80206],{},[61,80205,24735],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[49,80208,11449],{"id":11448},[14,80210,80211],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[54,80213,80215],{"className":56,"code":80214,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,80216,80217,80237,80255,80259],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80218,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80220,1161],{"class":74},[64,80222,92],{"class":91},[64,80224,112],{"class":95},[64,80226,1432],{"class":99},[64,80228,103],{"class":95},[64,80230,1437],{"class":99},[64,80232,103],{"class":95},[64,80234,7764],{"class":99},[64,80236,746],{"class":95},[64,80238,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249,80251,80253],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,80240,2194],{"class":74},[64,80242,92],{"class":91},[64,80244,79971],{"class":211},[64,80246,144],{"class":95},[64,80248,3406],{"class":1778},[64,80250,103],{"class":95},[64,80252,1191],{"class":140},[64,80254,150],{"class":95},[64,80256,80257],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,80258,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80260,80261,80263,80265,80267,80269,80271],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,80262,212],{"class":211},[64,80264,144],{"class":95},[64,80266,8064],{"class":1778},[64,80268,144],{"class":95},[64,80270,2229],{"class":140},[64,80272,1737],{"class":95},[14,80274,2035],{},[54,80276,80278],{"className":56,"code":80277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[61,80279,80280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80281,80282,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80283,184],{"class":95},[64,80285,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80287,1432],{"class":1422},[64,80289,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80291,103],{"class":95},[64,80293,3256],{"class":1418},[64,80295,15707],{"class":1422},[64,80297,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80299,103],{"class":95},[64,80301,3256],{"class":1418},[64,80303,1497],{"class":1422},[64,80305,3261],{"class":1418},[64,80307,746],{"class":95},[14,80309,11657],{},[21,80311,80312,80317,80325,80333,80341],{},[24,80313,80314,80316],{},[61,80315,3611],{}," contains integers",[24,80318,80319,80322,80323],{},[61,80320,80321],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[61,80324,47641],{},[24,80326,80327,42114,80330],{},[61,80328,80329],{},"str(10)",[61,80331,80332],{},"'10'",[24,80334,80335,42114,80338],{},[61,80336,80337],{},"str(20)",[61,80339,80340],{},"'20'",[24,80342,80343,42114,80346],{},[61,80344,80345],{},"str(30)",[61,80347,80348],{},"'30'",[14,80350,53612,80351,80353,80354,80356],{},[61,80352,39674],{}," applies ",[61,80355,47641],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80358,80359,80360,80362,80363,137],{},"If you want to understand ",[61,80361,24735],{}," better, see ",[543,80364,1877,80365,3472],{"href":64797},[61,80366,24735],{},[49,80368,1654,80370,80372],{"id":80369},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[61,80371,39674],{}," with your own function",[14,80374,15667,80375,80377],{},[61,80376,39674],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[54,80379,80381],{"className":56,"code":80380,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,80382,80383,80396,80406,80410,80434,80453,80457],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80384,80385,80387,80390,80392,80394],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80386,34809],{"class":2029},[64,80388,80389],{"class":34812}," double",[64,80391,144],{"class":95},[64,80393,2137],{"class":37619},[64,80395,8312],{"class":95},[64,80397,80398,80400,80402,80404],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,80399,34820],{"class":70},[64,80401,3844],{"class":74},[64,80403,39830],{"class":91},[64,80405,45547],{"class":99},[64,80407,80408],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,80409,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80411,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,80413,1161],{"class":74},[64,80415,92],{"class":91},[64,80417,112],{"class":95},[64,80419,100],{"class":99},[64,80421,103],{"class":95},[64,80423,106],{"class":99},[64,80425,103],{"class":95},[64,80427,743],{"class":99},[64,80429,103],{"class":95},[64,80431,120],{"class":99},[64,80433,746],{"class":95},[64,80435,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80447,80449,80451],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,80437,2194],{"class":74},[64,80439,92],{"class":91},[64,80441,79971],{"class":211},[64,80443,144],{"class":95},[64,80445,80446],{"class":140},"double",[64,80448,103],{"class":95},[64,80450,1191],{"class":140},[64,80452,150],{"class":95},[64,80454,80455],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,80456,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80458,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,80460,212],{"class":211},[64,80462,144],{"class":95},[64,80464,8064],{"class":1778},[64,80466,144],{"class":95},[64,80468,2229],{"class":140},[64,80470,1737],{"class":95},[14,80472,2035],{},[54,80474,80475],{"className":56,"code":39843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,80476,80477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80478,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80480,184],{"class":95},[64,80482,2021],{"class":99},[64,80484,103],{"class":95},[64,80486,120],{"class":99},[64,80488,103],{"class":95},[64,80490,390],{"class":99},[64,80492,103],{"class":95},[64,80494,6329],{"class":99},[64,80496,746],{"class":95},[14,80498,65534],{},[21,80500,80501,80508,80514],{},[24,80502,80503,80505,80506],{},[61,80504,39674],{}," takes the function ",[61,80507,80446],{},[24,80509,80510,80511,80513],{},"it sends each item from ",[61,80512,3611],{}," into that function",[24,80515,80516],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80518,80519],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[21,80521,80522,80529,80536,80544],{},[24,80523,80524,6041,80527],{},[61,80525,80526],{},"double(1)",[61,80528,2021],{},[24,80530,80531,6041,80534],{},[61,80532,80533],{},"double(2)",[61,80535,772],{},[24,80537,80538,6041,80541],{},[61,80539,80540],{},"double(3)",[61,80542,80543],{},"6",[24,80545,80546,6041,80549],{},[61,80547,80548],{},"double(4)",[61,80550,2309],{},[49,80552,1654,80554,80556],{"id":80553},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[61,80555,39674],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80558,80559,80561],{},[61,80560,39674],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80563,80564],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80566,318],{},[54,80568,80570],{"className":56,"code":80569,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,80571,80572,80589,80599,80603,80624,80645,80649,80674,80678],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80573,80574,80576,80579,80581,80583,80585,80587],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80575,34809],{"class":2029},[64,80577,80578],{"class":34812}," add_numbers",[64,80580,144],{"class":95},[64,80582,543],{"class":37619},[64,80584,103],{"class":95},[64,80586,2522],{"class":37619},[64,80588,8312],{"class":95},[64,80590,80591,80593,80595,80597],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,80592,34820],{"class":70},[64,80594,44502],{"class":74},[64,80596,2024],{"class":91},[64,80598,36139],{"class":74},[64,80600,80601],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,80602,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80604,80605,80608,80610,80612,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,80606,80607],{"class":74},"list1 ",[64,80609,92],{"class":91},[64,80611,112],{"class":95},[64,80613,100],{"class":99},[64,80615,103],{"class":95},[64,80617,106],{"class":99},[64,80619,103],{"class":95},[64,80621,743],{"class":99},[64,80623,746],{"class":95},[64,80625,80626,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,80627,80628],{"class":74},"list2 ",[64,80630,92],{"class":91},[64,80632,112],{"class":95},[64,80634,1432],{"class":99},[64,80636,103],{"class":95},[64,80638,1437],{"class":99},[64,80640,103],{"class":95},[64,80642,7764],{"class":99},[64,80644,746],{"class":95},[64,80646,80647],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,80648,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80650,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80662,80664,80667,80669,80672],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,80652,2194],{"class":74},[64,80654,92],{"class":91},[64,80656,79971],{"class":211},[64,80658,144],{"class":95},[64,80660,80661],{"class":140},"add_numbers",[64,80663,103],{"class":95},[64,80665,80666],{"class":140}," list1",[64,80668,103],{"class":95},[64,80670,80671],{"class":140}," list2",[64,80673,150],{"class":95},[64,80675,80676],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,80677,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80679,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,80681,212],{"class":211},[64,80683,144],{"class":95},[64,80685,8064],{"class":1778},[64,80687,144],{"class":95},[64,80689,2229],{"class":140},[64,80691,1737],{"class":95},[14,80693,2035],{},[54,80695,80697],{"className":56,"code":80696,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[61,80698,80699],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80700,80701,80703,80706,80708,80711,80713,80716],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80702,184],{"class":95},[64,80704,80705],{"class":99},"11",[64,80707,103],{"class":95},[64,80709,80710],{"class":99}," 22",[64,80712,103],{"class":95},[64,80714,80715],{"class":99}," 33",[64,80717,746],{"class":95},[14,80719,2142],{},[21,80721,80722,80728,80734],{},[24,80723,80724,80725],{},"the first values are used together: ",[61,80726,80727],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[24,80729,80730,80731],{},"then ",[61,80732,80733],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[24,80735,80730,80736],{},[61,80737,80738],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[816,80740,80742,80744],{"id":80741},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[61,80743,39674],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80746,80747,80748,80750],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[61,80749,39674],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[54,80752,80754],{"className":56,"code":80753,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,80755,80756,80772,80782,80786,80810,80826,80830,80852,80856],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80757,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80759,34809],{"class":2029},[64,80761,80578],{"class":34812},[64,80763,144],{"class":95},[64,80765,543],{"class":37619},[64,80767,103],{"class":95},[64,80769,2522],{"class":37619},[64,80771,8312],{"class":95},[64,80773,80774,80776,80778,80780],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,80775,34820],{"class":70},[64,80777,44502],{"class":74},[64,80779,2024],{"class":91},[64,80781,36139],{"class":74},[64,80783,80784],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,80785,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796,80798,80800,80802,80804,80806,80808],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,80789,80607],{"class":74},[64,80791,92],{"class":91},[64,80793,112],{"class":95},[64,80795,100],{"class":99},[64,80797,103],{"class":95},[64,80799,106],{"class":99},[64,80801,103],{"class":95},[64,80803,743],{"class":99},[64,80805,103],{"class":95},[64,80807,120],{"class":99},[64,80809,746],{"class":95},[64,80811,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,80813,80628],{"class":74},[64,80815,92],{"class":91},[64,80817,112],{"class":95},[64,80819,1432],{"class":99},[64,80821,103],{"class":95},[64,80823,1437],{"class":99},[64,80825,746],{"class":95},[64,80827,80828],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,80829,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80831,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842,80844,80846,80848,80850],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,80833,2194],{"class":74},[64,80835,92],{"class":91},[64,80837,79971],{"class":211},[64,80839,144],{"class":95},[64,80841,80661],{"class":140},[64,80843,103],{"class":95},[64,80845,80666],{"class":140},[64,80847,103],{"class":95},[64,80849,80671],{"class":140},[64,80851,150],{"class":95},[64,80853,80854],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,80855,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80857,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866,80868],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,80859,212],{"class":211},[64,80861,144],{"class":95},[64,80863,8064],{"class":1778},[64,80865,144],{"class":95},[64,80867,2229],{"class":140},[64,80869,1737],{"class":95},[14,80871,2035],{},[54,80873,80875],{"className":56,"code":80874,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[11, 22]\n",[61,80876,80877],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80878,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80880,184],{"class":95},[64,80882,80705],{"class":99},[64,80884,103],{"class":95},[64,80886,80710],{"class":99},[64,80888,746],{"class":95},[14,80890,80891,80892,80895],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[61,80893,80894],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[49,80897,80899,80901],{"id":80898},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[61,80900,39674],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80903,37980,80904,80906],{},[61,80905,39674],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80908,80909,80910,80913],{},"This object is ",[37,80911,80912],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[816,80915,2452,80917,80919],{"id":80916},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[61,80918,32983],{}," looks strange",[14,80921,33599],{},[54,80923,80925],{"className":56,"code":80924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,80926,80927,80947,80965,80969],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80928,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80930,1161],{"class":74},[64,80932,92],{"class":91},[64,80934,112],{"class":95},[64,80936,100],{"class":99},[64,80938,103],{"class":95},[64,80940,106],{"class":99},[64,80942,103],{"class":95},[64,80944,743],{"class":99},[64,80946,746],{"class":95},[64,80948,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,80950,2194],{"class":74},[64,80952,92],{"class":91},[64,80954,79971],{"class":211},[64,80956,144],{"class":95},[64,80958,3406],{"class":1778},[64,80960,103],{"class":95},[64,80962,1191],{"class":140},[64,80964,150],{"class":95},[64,80966,80967],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,80968,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,80970,80971,80973,80975,80977],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,80972,212],{"class":211},[64,80974,144],{"class":95},[64,80976,2229],{"class":140},[64,80978,150],{"class":95},[14,80980,80981],{},"Output will look something like this:",[54,80983,80985],{"className":56,"code":80984,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[61,80986,80987],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,80988,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80990,3250],{"class":91},[64,80992,39817],{"class":211},[64,80994,24571],{"class":1778},[64,80996,37321],{"class":74},[64,80998,37325],{"class":37324},[64,81000,37328],{"class":34410},[64,81002,3264],{"class":91},[14,81004,81005],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81007,81008],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[54,81010,81012],{"className":56,"code":81011,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,81013,81014,81034,81052,81056],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81015,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81017,1161],{"class":74},[64,81019,92],{"class":91},[64,81021,112],{"class":95},[64,81023,100],{"class":99},[64,81025,103],{"class":95},[64,81027,106],{"class":99},[64,81029,103],{"class":95},[64,81031,743],{"class":99},[64,81033,746],{"class":95},[64,81035,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81037,2194],{"class":74},[64,81039,92],{"class":91},[64,81041,79971],{"class":211},[64,81043,144],{"class":95},[64,81045,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81047,103],{"class":95},[64,81049,1191],{"class":140},[64,81051,150],{"class":95},[64,81053,81054],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81055,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,81057,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,81059,212],{"class":211},[64,81061,144],{"class":95},[64,81063,8064],{"class":1778},[64,81065,144],{"class":95},[64,81067,2229],{"class":140},[64,81069,1737],{"class":95},[14,81071,2035],{},[54,81073,81075],{"className":56,"code":81074,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[61,81076,81077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81078,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81080,184],{"class":95},[64,81082,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81084,100],{"class":1422},[64,81086,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81088,103],{"class":95},[64,81090,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81092,2021],{"class":1422},[64,81094,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81096,103],{"class":95},[64,81098,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81100,115],{"class":1422},[64,81102,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81104,746],{"class":95},[816,81106,81108],{"id":81107},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[54,81110,81112],{"className":56,"code":81111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[61,81113,81114,81134,81152,81156,81169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81115,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81117,1161],{"class":74},[64,81119,92],{"class":91},[64,81121,112],{"class":95},[64,81123,100],{"class":99},[64,81125,103],{"class":95},[64,81127,106],{"class":99},[64,81129,103],{"class":95},[64,81131,743],{"class":99},[64,81133,746],{"class":95},[64,81135,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81137,2194],{"class":74},[64,81139,92],{"class":91},[64,81141,79971],{"class":211},[64,81143,144],{"class":95},[64,81145,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81147,103],{"class":95},[64,81149,1191],{"class":140},[64,81151,150],{"class":95},[64,81153,81154],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81155,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,81157,81158,81160,81162,81164,81167],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,81159,5926],{"class":70},[64,81161,5929],{"class":74},[64,81163,3847],{"class":70},[64,81165,81166],{"class":74}," result",[64,81168,6363],{"class":95},[64,81170,81171,81173,81175,81177],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,81172,8039],{"class":211},[64,81174,144],{"class":95},[64,81176,23264],{"class":140},[64,81178,150],{"class":95},[14,81180,2035],{},[54,81182,81184],{"className":56,"code":81183,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n2\n3\n",[61,81185,81186,81190,81194],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81187,81188],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81189,46875],{"class":99},[64,81191,81192],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81193,17009],{"class":99},[64,81195,81196],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81197,46575],{"class":99},[816,81199,81201],{"id":81200},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81203,81204],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[54,81206,81208],{"className":56,"code":81207,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,81209,81210,81230,81248,81252,81266],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81211,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81213,1161],{"class":74},[64,81215,92],{"class":91},[64,81217,112],{"class":95},[64,81219,100],{"class":99},[64,81221,103],{"class":95},[64,81223,106],{"class":99},[64,81225,103],{"class":95},[64,81227,743],{"class":99},[64,81229,746],{"class":95},[64,81231,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81233,2194],{"class":74},[64,81235,92],{"class":91},[64,81237,79971],{"class":211},[64,81239,144],{"class":95},[64,81241,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81243,103],{"class":95},[64,81245,1191],{"class":140},[64,81247,150],{"class":95},[64,81249,81250],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81251,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,81253,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,81255,212],{"class":211},[64,81257,144],{"class":95},[64,81259,8064],{"class":1778},[64,81261,144],{"class":95},[64,81263,2229],{"class":140},[64,81265,1737],{"class":95},[64,81267,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,81269,212],{"class":211},[64,81271,144],{"class":95},[64,81273,8064],{"class":1778},[64,81275,144],{"class":95},[64,81277,2229],{"class":140},[64,81279,1737],{"class":95},[14,81281,2035],{},[54,81283,81285],{"className":56,"code":81284,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[61,81286,81287,81315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81288,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81290,184],{"class":95},[64,81292,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81294,100],{"class":1422},[64,81296,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81298,103],{"class":95},[64,81300,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81302,2021],{"class":1422},[64,81304,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81306,103],{"class":95},[64,81308,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81310,115],{"class":1422},[64,81312,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81314,746],{"class":95},[64,81316,81317],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81318,38254],{"class":95},[14,81320,81321],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81323,81324],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[54,81326,81328],{"className":56,"code":81327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[61,81329,81330,81350,81372,81376,81386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81331,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81333,1161],{"class":74},[64,81335,92],{"class":91},[64,81337,112],{"class":95},[64,81339,100],{"class":99},[64,81341,103],{"class":95},[64,81343,106],{"class":99},[64,81345,103],{"class":95},[64,81347,743],{"class":99},[64,81349,746],{"class":95},[64,81351,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81353,2194],{"class":74},[64,81355,92],{"class":91},[64,81357,22513],{"class":1778},[64,81359,144],{"class":95},[64,81361,39817],{"class":211},[64,81363,144],{"class":95},[64,81365,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81367,103],{"class":95},[64,81369,1191],{"class":140},[64,81371,1737],{"class":95},[64,81373,81374],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81375,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,81379,212],{"class":211},[64,81381,144],{"class":95},[64,81383,2229],{"class":140},[64,81385,150],{"class":95},[64,81387,81388,81390,81392,81394],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,81389,212],{"class":211},[64,81391,144],{"class":95},[64,81393,2229],{"class":140},[64,81395,150],{"class":95},[14,81397,2035],{},[54,81399,81401],{"className":56,"code":81400,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[61,81402,81403,81431],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81404,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81406,184],{"class":95},[64,81408,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81410,100],{"class":1422},[64,81412,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81414,103],{"class":95},[64,81416,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81418,2021],{"class":1422},[64,81420,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81422,103],{"class":95},[64,81424,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81426,115],{"class":1422},[64,81428,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81430,746],{"class":95},[64,81432,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81434,184],{"class":95},[64,81436,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81438,100],{"class":1422},[64,81440,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81442,103],{"class":95},[64,81444,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81446,2021],{"class":1422},[64,81448,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81450,103],{"class":95},[64,81452,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81454,115],{"class":1422},[64,81456,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81458,746],{"class":95},[49,81460,4925,81462],{"id":81461},"when-to-use-map",[61,81463,39674],{},[14,81465,81466,81468],{},[61,81467,39674],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81470,81471],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[21,81473,81474,81478,81482],{},[24,81475,81476],{},[61,81477,3406],{},[24,81479,81480],{},[61,81481,2152],{},[24,81483,81484],{},[61,81485,1981],{},[14,81487,318],{},[54,81489,81491],{"className":56,"code":81490,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,81492,81493,81525,81547,81551],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81494,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81496,3786],{"class":74},[64,81498,92],{"class":91},[64,81500,112],{"class":95},[64,81502,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81504,100],{"class":1422},[64,81506,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81508,103],{"class":95},[64,81510,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81512,2021],{"class":1422},[64,81514,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81516,103],{"class":95},[64,81518,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81520,115],{"class":1422},[64,81522,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81524,746],{"class":95},[64,81526,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81528,1161],{"class":74},[64,81530,92],{"class":91},[64,81532,22513],{"class":1778},[64,81534,144],{"class":95},[64,81536,39817],{"class":211},[64,81538,144],{"class":95},[64,81540,2152],{"class":1778},[64,81542,103],{"class":95},[64,81544,3850],{"class":140},[64,81546,1737],{"class":95},[64,81548,81549],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81550,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,81552,81553,81555,81557,81559],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,81554,212],{"class":211},[64,81556,144],{"class":95},[64,81558,3611],{"class":140},[64,81560,150],{"class":95},[14,81562,2035],{},[54,81564,81565],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,81566,81567],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81568,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81570,184],{"class":95},[64,81572,100],{"class":99},[64,81574,103],{"class":95},[64,81576,106],{"class":99},[64,81578,103],{"class":95},[64,81580,743],{"class":99},[64,81582,746],{"class":95},[14,81584,81585],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81587,81588],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[54,81590,81592],{"className":56,"code":81591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[61,81593,81594,81614,81636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81595,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81597,1161],{"class":74},[64,81599,92],{"class":91},[64,81601,112],{"class":95},[64,81603,100],{"class":99},[64,81605,103],{"class":95},[64,81607,106],{"class":99},[64,81609,103],{"class":95},[64,81611,743],{"class":99},[64,81613,746],{"class":95},[64,81615,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81617,2194],{"class":74},[64,81619,92],{"class":91},[64,81621,22513],{"class":1778},[64,81623,144],{"class":95},[64,81625,39817],{"class":211},[64,81627,144],{"class":95},[64,81629,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81631,103],{"class":95},[64,81633,1191],{"class":140},[64,81635,1737],{"class":95},[64,81637,81638,81640,81642,81644],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81639,212],{"class":211},[64,81641,144],{"class":95},[64,81643,2229],{"class":140},[64,81645,150],{"class":95},[54,81647,81649],{"className":56,"code":81648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[61,81650,81651,81671,81698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81652,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81654,1161],{"class":74},[64,81656,92],{"class":91},[64,81658,112],{"class":95},[64,81660,100],{"class":99},[64,81662,103],{"class":95},[64,81664,106],{"class":99},[64,81666,103],{"class":95},[64,81668,743],{"class":99},[64,81670,746],{"class":95},[64,81672,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81692,81694,81696],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81674,2194],{"class":74},[64,81676,92],{"class":91},[64,81678,112],{"class":95},[64,81680,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81682,144],{"class":95},[64,81684,75979],{"class":140},[64,81686,219],{"class":95},[64,81688,3841],{"class":70},[64,81690,81691],{"class":74}," n ",[64,81693,3847],{"class":70},[64,81695,1191],{"class":74},[64,81697,746],{"class":95},[64,81699,81700,81702,81704,81706],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81701,212],{"class":211},[64,81703,144],{"class":95},[64,81705,2229],{"class":140},[64,81707,150],{"class":95},[14,81709,81710],{},"Both produce:",[54,81712,81713],{"className":56,"code":81074,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,81714,81715],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81716,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81718,184],{"class":95},[64,81720,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81722,100],{"class":1422},[64,81724,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81726,103],{"class":95},[64,81728,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81730,2021],{"class":1422},[64,81732,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81734,103],{"class":95},[64,81736,3256],{"class":1418},[64,81738,115],{"class":1422},[64,81740,3261],{"class":1418},[64,81742,746],{"class":95},[14,81744,81745],{},"A simple rule:",[21,81747,81748,81753,81758],{},[24,81749,39948,81750,81752],{},[61,81751,39674],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[24,81754,39954,81755,81757],{},[61,81756,5926],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[24,81759,81760],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81762,81763,81764,137],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[543,81765,4357],{"href":4356},[49,81767,4483],{"id":4482},[816,81769,81771,81772],{"id":81770},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[61,81773,24735],{},[14,81775,81776],{},"This is very common:",[54,81778,81779],{"className":56,"code":80924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,81780,81781,81801,81819,81823],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81782,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81784,1161],{"class":74},[64,81786,92],{"class":91},[64,81788,112],{"class":95},[64,81790,100],{"class":99},[64,81792,103],{"class":95},[64,81794,106],{"class":99},[64,81796,103],{"class":95},[64,81798,743],{"class":99},[64,81800,746],{"class":95},[64,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815,81817],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81804,2194],{"class":74},[64,81806,92],{"class":91},[64,81808,79971],{"class":211},[64,81810,144],{"class":95},[64,81812,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81814,103],{"class":95},[64,81816,1191],{"class":140},[64,81818,150],{"class":95},[64,81820,81821],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81822,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,81824,81825,81827,81829,81831],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,81826,212],{"class":211},[64,81828,144],{"class":95},[64,81830,2229],{"class":140},[64,81832,150],{"class":95},[14,81834,81835],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81837,39219],{},[54,81839,81841],{"className":56,"code":81840,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(result))\n",[61,81842,81843],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81844,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81846,212],{"class":211},[64,81848,144],{"class":95},[64,81850,8064],{"class":1778},[64,81852,144],{"class":95},[64,81854,2229],{"class":140},[64,81856,1737],{"class":95},[816,81858,81860],{"id":81859},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81862,16596],{},[54,81864,81866],{"className":56,"code":81865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[61,81867,81868,81888],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81869,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81871,1161],{"class":74},[64,81873,92],{"class":91},[64,81875,112],{"class":95},[64,81877,100],{"class":99},[64,81879,103],{"class":95},[64,81881,106],{"class":99},[64,81883,103],{"class":95},[64,81885,743],{"class":99},[64,81887,746],{"class":95},[64,81889,81890,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81903,81905],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81891,2194],{"class":74},[64,81893,92],{"class":91},[64,81895,79971],{"class":211},[64,81897,144],{"class":95},[64,81899,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81901,81902],{"class":95},"(),",[64,81904,1191],{"class":140},[64,81906,150],{"class":95},[14,81908,81909,81910,81912,81913,81915],{},"This is wrong because ",[61,81911,47641],{}," is being called immediately. ",[61,81914,39674],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81917,16608],{},[54,81919,81920],{"className":56,"code":81011,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,81921,81922,81942,81960,81964],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81923,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81925,1161],{"class":74},[64,81927,92],{"class":91},[64,81929,112],{"class":95},[64,81931,100],{"class":99},[64,81933,103],{"class":95},[64,81935,106],{"class":99},[64,81937,103],{"class":95},[64,81939,743],{"class":99},[64,81941,746],{"class":95},[64,81943,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,81945,2194],{"class":74},[64,81947,92],{"class":91},[64,81949,79971],{"class":211},[64,81951,144],{"class":95},[64,81953,3406],{"class":1778},[64,81955,103],{"class":95},[64,81957,1191],{"class":140},[64,81959,150],{"class":95},[64,81961,81962],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,81963,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,81965,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,81967,212],{"class":211},[64,81969,144],{"class":95},[64,81971,8064],{"class":1778},[64,81973,144],{"class":95},[64,81975,2229],{"class":140},[64,81977,1737],{"class":95},[816,81979,81981],{"id":81980},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81983,81984],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81986,16596],{},[54,81988,81990],{"className":56,"code":81989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,81991,81992,82009,82019,82023,82043,82062,82066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,81993,81994,81996,81999,82001,82003,82005,82007],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81995,34809],{"class":2029},[64,81997,81998],{"class":34812}," add",[64,82000,144],{"class":95},[64,82002,543],{"class":37619},[64,82004,103],{"class":95},[64,82006,2522],{"class":37619},[64,82008,8312],{"class":95},[64,82010,82011,82013,82015,82017],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82012,34820],{"class":70},[64,82014,44502],{"class":74},[64,82016,2024],{"class":91},[64,82018,36139],{"class":74},[64,82020,82021],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82022,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82024,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039,82041],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,82026,1161],{"class":74},[64,82028,92],{"class":91},[64,82030,112],{"class":95},[64,82032,100],{"class":99},[64,82034,103],{"class":95},[64,82036,106],{"class":99},[64,82038,103],{"class":95},[64,82040,743],{"class":99},[64,82042,746],{"class":95},[64,82044,82045,82047,82049,82051,82053,82056,82058,82060],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,82046,2194],{"class":74},[64,82048,92],{"class":91},[64,82050,79971],{"class":211},[64,82052,144],{"class":95},[64,82054,82055],{"class":140},"add",[64,82057,103],{"class":95},[64,82059,1191],{"class":140},[64,82061,150],{"class":95},[64,82063,82064],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,82065,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82067,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,82069,212],{"class":211},[64,82071,144],{"class":95},[64,82073,8064],{"class":1778},[64,82075,144],{"class":95},[64,82077,2229],{"class":140},[64,82079,1737],{"class":95},[14,82081,16608],{},[54,82083,82085],{"className":56,"code":82084,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[61,82086,82087,82103,82113,82117,82137,82157,82179,82183],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82088,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82090,34809],{"class":2029},[64,82092,81998],{"class":34812},[64,82094,144],{"class":95},[64,82096,543],{"class":37619},[64,82098,103],{"class":95},[64,82100,2522],{"class":37619},[64,82102,8312],{"class":95},[64,82104,82105,82107,82109,82111],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82106,34820],{"class":70},[64,82108,44502],{"class":74},[64,82110,2024],{"class":91},[64,82112,36139],{"class":74},[64,82114,82115],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82116,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82118,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,82120,80607],{"class":74},[64,82122,92],{"class":91},[64,82124,112],{"class":95},[64,82126,100],{"class":99},[64,82128,103],{"class":95},[64,82130,106],{"class":99},[64,82132,103],{"class":95},[64,82134,743],{"class":99},[64,82136,746],{"class":95},[64,82138,82139,82141,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,82140,80628],{"class":74},[64,82142,92],{"class":91},[64,82144,112],{"class":95},[64,82146,1432],{"class":99},[64,82148,103],{"class":95},[64,82150,1437],{"class":99},[64,82152,103],{"class":95},[64,82154,7764],{"class":99},[64,82156,746],{"class":95},[64,82158,82159,82161,82163,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,82160,2194],{"class":74},[64,82162,92],{"class":91},[64,82164,79971],{"class":211},[64,82166,144],{"class":95},[64,82168,82055],{"class":140},[64,82170,103],{"class":95},[64,82172,80666],{"class":140},[64,82174,103],{"class":95},[64,82176,80671],{"class":140},[64,82178,150],{"class":95},[64,82180,82181],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,82182,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82184,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,82186,212],{"class":211},[64,82188,144],{"class":95},[64,82190,8064],{"class":1778},[64,82192,144],{"class":95},[64,82194,2229],{"class":140},[64,82196,1737],{"class":95},[816,82198,82200],{"id":82199},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82202,16596],{},[54,82204,82205],{"className":56,"code":81207,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,82206,82207,82227,82245,82249,82263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82208,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82210,1161],{"class":74},[64,82212,92],{"class":91},[64,82214,112],{"class":95},[64,82216,100],{"class":99},[64,82218,103],{"class":95},[64,82220,106],{"class":99},[64,82222,103],{"class":95},[64,82224,743],{"class":99},[64,82226,746],{"class":95},[64,82228,82229,82231,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241,82243],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82230,2194],{"class":74},[64,82232,92],{"class":91},[64,82234,79971],{"class":211},[64,82236,144],{"class":95},[64,82238,3406],{"class":1778},[64,82240,103],{"class":95},[64,82242,1191],{"class":140},[64,82244,150],{"class":95},[64,82246,82247],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82248,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82250,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,82252,212],{"class":211},[64,82254,144],{"class":95},[64,82256,8064],{"class":1778},[64,82258,144],{"class":95},[64,82260,2229],{"class":140},[64,82262,1737],{"class":95},[64,82264,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,82266,212],{"class":211},[64,82268,144],{"class":95},[64,82270,8064],{"class":1778},[64,82272,144],{"class":95},[64,82274,2229],{"class":140},[64,82276,1737],{"class":95},[14,82278,82279],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82281,82282],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[49,82284,67845],{"id":67844},[14,82286,8846,82287,82289],{},[61,82288,39674],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,82291,82293],{"className":56,"code":82292,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[61,82294,82295,82305,82319,82333,82345],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82296,82297,82299,82301,82303],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82298,212],{"class":211},[64,82300,144],{"class":95},[64,82302,2229],{"class":140},[64,82304,150],{"class":95},[64,82306,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82308,212],{"class":211},[64,82310,144],{"class":95},[64,82312,8064],{"class":1778},[64,82314,144],{"class":95},[64,82316,2229],{"class":140},[64,82318,1737],{"class":95},[64,82320,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82322,212],{"class":211},[64,82324,144],{"class":95},[64,82326,1779],{"class":1778},[64,82328,144],{"class":95},[64,82330,2229],{"class":140},[64,82332,1737],{"class":95},[64,82334,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,82336,5926],{"class":70},[64,82338,5929],{"class":74},[64,82340,3847],{"class":70},[64,82342,81166],{"class":74},[64,82344,6363],{"class":95},[64,82346,82347,82349,82351,82353],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,82348,8039],{"class":211},[64,82350,144],{"class":95},[64,82352,23264],{"class":140},[64,82354,150],{"class":95},[14,82356,12638],{},[21,82358,82359,82364,82369,82375],{},[24,82360,82361,82363],{},[61,82362,32983],{}," shows that you have a map object",[24,82365,82366,82368],{},[61,82367,32991],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[24,82370,82371,82374],{},[61,82372,82373],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[24,82376,82377,82378,82380],{},"looping over ",[61,82379,2229],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82382,82383,82384,82387,82388,82390],{},"Be careful: ",[61,82385,82386],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[61,82389,5926],{}," loop consume the map object.",[49,82392,1826],{"id":1825},[816,82394,12670,82396,82398],{"id":82395},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[61,82397,39674],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82400,82401,82402,82404,82405,23892],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[61,82403,39674],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[61,82406,82407],{},"list(map(...))",[816,82409,14857,82411,82413,82414,82416],{"id":82410},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[61,82412,39674],{}," better than a ",[61,82415,5926],{}," loop?",[14,82418,82419,82420,82422,82423,82425],{},"Not always. ",[61,82421,39674],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[61,82424,5926],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[816,82427,5135,82429,82431],{"id":82428},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[61,82430,39674],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82433,82434],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[816,82436,82438],{"id":82437},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82440,82441],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[49,82443,1865],{"id":1864},[21,82445,82446,82452,82458,82462,82466],{},[24,82447,82448],{},[543,82449,1877,82450,3472],{"href":40043},[61,82451,37533],{},[24,82453,82454],{},[543,82455,1877,82456,3472],{"href":64797},[61,82457,24735],{},[24,82459,82460],{},[543,82461,5187],{"href":5096},[24,82463,82464],{},[543,82465,5192],{"href":4356},[24,82467,82468],{},[543,82469,5182],{"href":5100},[1898,82471,82472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":82474},[82475,82476,82478,82479,82480,82482,82487,82494,82496,82503,82504,82513],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":80050,"depth":78,"text":82477},"What map() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":80369,"depth":78,"text":82481},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80553,"depth":78,"text":82483,"children":82484},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82485],{"id":80741,"depth":85,"text":82486},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80898,"depth":78,"text":82488,"children":82489},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82490,82492,82493],{"id":80916,"depth":85,"text":82491},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81107,"depth":85,"text":81108},{"id":81200,"depth":85,"text":81201},{"id":81461,"depth":78,"text":82495},"When to use map()",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":82497},[82498,82500,82501,82502],{"id":81770,"depth":85,"text":82499},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81859,"depth":85,"text":81860},{"id":81980,"depth":85,"text":81981},{"id":82199,"depth":85,"text":82200},{"id":67844,"depth":78,"text":67845},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":82505},[82506,82508,82510,82512],{"id":82395,"depth":85,"text":82507},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82410,"depth":85,"text":82509},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82428,"depth":85,"text":82511},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82437,"depth":85,"text":82438},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79882,"description":82514},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82521,"title":82522,"body":82523,"description":84543,"extension":1927,"meta":84544,"navigation":81,"path":84545,"seo":84546,"stem":84547,"__hash__":84548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82524,"toc":84501},[82525,82531,82536,82539,82547,82550,82552,82676,82678,82696,82698,82718,82723,82727,82741,82744,82747,82749,82754,82866,82869,82887,82893,82896,82958,82960,82969,82972,82986,82988,83036,83038,83047,83057,83063,83066,83093,83095,83103,83106,83109,83179,83181,83189,83192,83197,83202,83253,83255,83263,83266,83268,83285,83287,83339,83342,83348,83352,83357,83360,83364,83423,83425,83434,83440,83449,83453,83516,83518,83526,83531,83535,83540,83620,83622,83631,83638,83643,83648,83651,83686,83688,83696,83699,83705,83707,83757,83759,83768,83771,83789,83791,83796,83802,83809,83836,83838,83861,83866,83901,83906,83912,83917,83960,83963,83966,84005,84012,84018,84023,84038,84042,84049,84052,84056,84061,84065,84070,84072,84133,84135,84164,84169,84176,84185,84187,84190,84215,84217,84320,84323,84341,84350,84352,84357,84360,84366,84369,84371,84381,84387,84391,84449,84456,84464,84466,84498],[10,82526,1877,82528,3542],{"id":82527},"python-max-function-explained",[61,82529,82530],{},"max()",[14,82532,9094,82533,82535],{},[61,82534,82530],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82537,82538],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[21,82540,82541,82544],{},[24,82542,82543],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[24,82545,82546],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82548,82549],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[49,82551,52],{"id":51},[54,82553,82555],{"className":56,"code":82554,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[61,82556,82557,82581,82596,82600,82626,82630,82662],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82558,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575,82577,82579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82560,1161],{"class":74},[64,82562,92],{"class":91},[64,82564,112],{"class":95},[64,82566,115],{"class":99},[64,82568,103],{"class":95},[64,82570,6329],{"class":99},[64,82572,103],{"class":95},[64,82574,106],{"class":99},[64,82576,103],{"class":95},[64,82578,4570],{"class":99},[64,82580,746],{"class":95},[64,82582,82583,82585,82587,82590,82592,82594],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82584,212],{"class":211},[64,82586,144],{"class":95},[64,82588,82589],{"class":211},"max",[64,82591,144],{"class":95},[64,82593,3611],{"class":140},[64,82595,1737],{"class":95},[64,82597,82598],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82599,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82601,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,82603,212],{"class":211},[64,82605,144],{"class":95},[64,82607,82589],{"class":211},[64,82609,144],{"class":95},[64,82611,115],{"class":99},[64,82613,103],{"class":95},[64,82615,6329],{"class":99},[64,82617,103],{"class":95},[64,82619,106],{"class":99},[64,82621,103],{"class":95},[64,82623,4570],{"class":99},[64,82625,1737],{"class":95},[64,82627,82628],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,82629,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82631,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,82633,4034],{"class":74},[64,82635,92],{"class":91},[64,82637,112],{"class":95},[64,82639,1419],{"class":1418},[64,82641,4043],{"class":1422},[64,82643,1419],{"class":1418},[64,82645,103],{"class":95},[64,82647,3315],{"class":1418},[64,82649,4052],{"class":1422},[64,82651,1419],{"class":1418},[64,82653,103],{"class":95},[64,82655,3315],{"class":1418},[64,82657,78693],{"class":1422},[64,82659,1419],{"class":1418},[64,82661,746],{"class":95},[64,82663,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,82665,212],{"class":211},[64,82667,144],{"class":95},[64,82669,82589],{"class":211},[64,82671,144],{"class":95},[64,82673,4078],{"class":140},[64,82675,1737],{"class":95},[14,82677,2035],{},[54,82679,82681],{"className":56,"code":82680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n8\npear\n",[61,82682,82683,82687,82691],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82684,82685],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82686,2345],{"class":99},[64,82688,82689],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82690,2345],{"class":99},[64,82692,82693],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82694,82695],{"class":74},"pear\n",[14,82697,19911],{},[21,82699,82700,82706,82712],{},[24,82701,82702,82705],{},[61,82703,82704],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[24,82707,82708,82711],{},[61,82709,82710],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[24,82713,82714,82717],{},[61,82715,82716],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[49,82719,3639,82721,3642],{"id":82720},"what-max-does",[61,82722,82530],{},[14,82724,82725,1117],{},[61,82726,82530],{},[21,82728,82729,82732,82735,82738],{},[24,82730,82731],{},"Returns the largest item",[24,82733,82734],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[24,82736,82737],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[24,82739,82740],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82742,82743],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82745,82746],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[49,82748,2120],{"id":2119},[14,82750,82751,82752,1117],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[61,82753,82530],{},[54,82755,82757],{"className":56,"code":82756,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[61,82758,82759,82769,82793,82815,82838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82760,82761,82763,82765,82767],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82762,82589],{"class":211},[64,82764,144],{"class":95},[64,82766,3683],{"class":140},[64,82768,150],{"class":95},[64,82770,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779,82782,82784,82786,82788,82791],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82772,82589],{"class":211},[64,82774,144],{"class":95},[64,82776,3683],{"class":140},[64,82778,103],{"class":95},[64,82780,82781],{"class":91}," *",[64,82783,103],{"class":95},[64,82785,21532],{"class":9147},[64,82787,92],{"class":91},[64,82789,82790],{"class":140},"func",[64,82792,150],{"class":95},[64,82794,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82796,82589],{"class":211},[64,82798,144],{"class":95},[64,82800,3683],{"class":140},[64,82802,103],{"class":95},[64,82804,82781],{"class":91},[64,82806,103],{"class":95},[64,82808,26478],{"class":9147},[64,82810,92],{"class":91},[64,82812,2436],{"class":140},[64,82814,150],{"class":95},[64,82816,82817,82819,82821,82824,82826,82829,82831,82833,82836],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,82818,82589],{"class":211},[64,82820,144],{"class":95},[64,82822,82823],{"class":140},"arg1",[64,82825,103],{"class":95},[64,82827,82828],{"class":140}," arg2",[64,82830,103],{"class":95},[64,82832,82781],{"class":91},[64,82834,82835],{"class":140},"args",[64,82837,150],{"class":95},[64,82839,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,82841,82589],{"class":211},[64,82843,144],{"class":95},[64,82845,82823],{"class":140},[64,82847,103],{"class":95},[64,82849,82828],{"class":140},[64,82851,103],{"class":95},[64,82853,82781],{"class":91},[64,82855,82835],{"class":140},[64,82857,103],{"class":95},[64,82859,21532],{"class":9147},[64,82861,92],{"class":91},[64,82863,82790],{"class":140},[64,82865,150],{"class":95},[14,82867,82868],{},"The most important parts are:",[21,82870,82871,82876,82881],{},[24,82872,82873,82875],{},[61,82874,3683],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[24,82877,82878,82880],{},[61,82879,14796],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[24,82882,82883,82886],{},[61,82884,82885],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[49,82888,1654,82890,82892],{"id":82889},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[61,82891,82530],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82894,82895],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[54,82897,82899],{"className":56,"code":82898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[61,82900,82901,82927,82943,82947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82902,82903,82905,82907,82909,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82904,5028],{"class":74},[64,82906,92],{"class":91},[64,82908,112],{"class":95},[64,82910,82911],{"class":99},"72",[64,82913,103],{"class":95},[64,82915,51469],{"class":99},[64,82917,103],{"class":95},[64,82919,13472],{"class":99},[64,82921,103],{"class":95},[64,82923,82924],{"class":99}," 66",[64,82926,746],{"class":95},[64,82928,82929,82932,82934,82937,82939,82941],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,82930,82931],{"class":74},"highest_score ",[64,82933,92],{"class":91},[64,82935,82936],{"class":211}," max",[64,82938,144],{"class":95},[64,82940,1423],{"class":140},[64,82942,150],{"class":95},[64,82944,82945],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,82946,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,82948,82949,82951,82953,82956],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,82950,212],{"class":211},[64,82952,144],{"class":95},[64,82954,82955],{"class":140},"highest_score",[64,82957,150],{"class":95},[14,82959,2035],{},[54,82961,82963],{"className":56,"code":82962,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"91\n",[61,82964,82965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82966,82967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82968,82962],{"class":99},[14,82970,82971],{},"This works well for:",[21,82973,82974,82977,82980,82983],{},[24,82975,82976],{},"Scores",[24,82978,82979],{},"Prices",[24,82981,82982],{},"Ages",[24,82984,82985],{},"Counts",[14,82987,52039],{},[54,82989,82991],{"className":56,"code":82990,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[61,82992,82993,83021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,82994,82995,82998,83000,83002,83004,83006,83009,83011,83014,83016,83019],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82996,82997],{"class":74},"prices ",[64,82999,92],{"class":91},[64,83001,112],{"class":95},[64,83003,40356],{"class":99},[64,83005,103],{"class":95},[64,83007,83008],{"class":99}," 5.50",[64,83010,103],{"class":95},[64,83012,83013],{"class":99}," 12.75",[64,83015,103],{"class":95},[64,83017,83018],{"class":99}," 29.00",[64,83020,746],{"class":95},[64,83022,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83034],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83024,212],{"class":211},[64,83026,144],{"class":95},[64,83028,82589],{"class":211},[64,83030,144],{"class":95},[64,83032,83033],{"class":140},"prices",[64,83035,1737],{"class":95},[14,83037,2035],{},[54,83039,83041],{"className":56,"code":83040,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"29.0\n",[61,83042,83043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83044,83045],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83046,83040],{"class":99},[14,83048,83049,83050,83052,83053,137],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[61,83051,82530],{}," is simpler than ",[543,83054,83055],{"href":74470},[61,83056,74373],{},[49,83058,1654,83060,83062],{"id":83059},"using-max-with-separate-values",[61,83061,82530],{}," with separate values",[14,83064,83065],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[54,83067,83069],{"className":56,"code":83068,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[61,83070,83071],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83072,83073,83075,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83074,212],{"class":211},[64,83076,144],{"class":95},[64,83078,82589],{"class":211},[64,83080,144],{"class":95},[64,83082,772],{"class":99},[64,83084,103],{"class":95},[64,83086,30898],{"class":99},[64,83088,103],{"class":95},[64,83090,5962],{"class":99},[64,83092,1737],{"class":95},[14,83094,2035],{},[54,83096,83097],{"className":56,"code":2189,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,83098,83099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83100,83101],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83102,2189],{"class":99},[14,83104,83105],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83107,83108],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[54,83110,83112],{"className":56,"code":83111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[61,83113,83114,83123,83131,83141,83145,83168],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83115,83116,83118,83120],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83117,1186],{"class":74},[64,83119,92],{"class":91},[64,83121,83122],{"class":99}," 15\n",[64,83124,83125,83127,83129],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83126,1202],{"class":74},[64,83128,92],{"class":91},[64,83130,2730],{"class":99},[64,83132,83133,83136,83138],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,83134,83135],{"class":74},"c ",[64,83137,92],{"class":91},[64,83139,83140],{"class":99}," 27\n",[64,83142,83143],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,83144,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,83146,83147,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164,83166],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,83148,83149],{"class":74},"largest ",[64,83151,92],{"class":91},[64,83153,82936],{"class":211},[64,83155,144],{"class":95},[64,83157,543],{"class":140},[64,83159,103],{"class":95},[64,83161,2522],{"class":140},[64,83163,103],{"class":95},[64,83165,9653],{"class":140},[64,83167,150],{"class":95},[64,83169,83170,83172,83174,83177],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,83171,212],{"class":211},[64,83173,144],{"class":95},[64,83175,83176],{"class":140},"largest",[64,83178,150],{"class":95},[14,83180,2035],{},[54,83182,83183],{"className":56,"code":46570,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,83184,83185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83186,83187],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83188,46570],{"class":99},[14,83190,83191],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[49,83193,1654,83195,47017],{"id":83194},"using-max-with-strings",[61,83196,82530],{},[14,83198,83199,83201],{},[61,83200,82530],{}," can compare strings too.",[54,83203,83205],{"className":56,"code":83204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[61,83206,83207,83239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83208,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83210,4034],{"class":74},[64,83212,92],{"class":91},[64,83214,112],{"class":95},[64,83216,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83218,4043],{"class":1422},[64,83220,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83222,103],{"class":95},[64,83224,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83226,4052],{"class":1422},[64,83228,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83230,103],{"class":95},[64,83232,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83234,78693],{"class":1422},[64,83236,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83238,746],{"class":95},[64,83240,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83242,212],{"class":211},[64,83244,144],{"class":95},[64,83246,82589],{"class":211},[64,83248,144],{"class":95},[64,83250,4078],{"class":140},[64,83252,1737],{"class":95},[14,83254,2035],{},[54,83256,83257],{"className":56,"code":82695,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,83258,83259],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83260,83261],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83262,82695],{"class":74},[14,83264,83265],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83267,68233],{},[21,83269,83270,83279,83282],{},[24,83271,83272,83275,83276,83278],{},[61,83273,83274],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[61,83277,65224],{}," alphabetically",[24,83280,83281],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[24,83283,83284],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83286,318],{},[54,83288,83290],{"className":56,"code":83289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[61,83291,83292,83325],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83293,83294,83296,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83295,4034],{"class":74},[64,83297,92],{"class":91},[64,83299,112],{"class":95},[64,83301,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83303,4043],{"class":1422},[64,83305,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83307,103],{"class":95},[64,83309,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83311,83312],{"class":1422},"Banana",[64,83314,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83316,103],{"class":95},[64,83318,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83320,78693],{"class":1422},[64,83322,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83324,746],{"class":95},[64,83326,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83328,212],{"class":211},[64,83330,144],{"class":95},[64,83332,82589],{"class":211},[64,83334,144],{"class":95},[64,83336,4078],{"class":140},[64,83338,1737],{"class":95},[14,83340,83341],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83343,83344,83345,83347],{},"You can fix that with the ",[61,83346,14796],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[49,83349,36570,83350,36573],{"id":78651},[61,83351,14796],{},[14,83353,1944,83354,83356],{},[61,83355,14796],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83358,83359],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[816,83361,83363],{"id":83362},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[54,83365,83367],{"className":56,"code":83366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[61,83368,83369,83401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83370,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83372,4034],{"class":74},[64,83374,92],{"class":91},[64,83376,112],{"class":95},[64,83378,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83380,37004],{"class":1422},[64,83382,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83384,103],{"class":95},[64,83386,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83388,68276],{"class":1422},[64,83390,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83392,103],{"class":95},[64,83394,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83396,58076],{"class":1422},[64,83398,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83400,746],{"class":95},[64,83402,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83404,212],{"class":211},[64,83406,144],{"class":95},[64,83408,82589],{"class":211},[64,83410,144],{"class":95},[64,83412,4078],{"class":140},[64,83414,103],{"class":95},[64,83416,21532],{"class":9147},[64,83418,92],{"class":91},[64,83420,11134],{"class":211},[64,83422,1737],{"class":95},[14,83424,2035],{},[54,83426,83428],{"className":56,"code":83427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"elephant\n",[61,83429,83430],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83431,83432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83433,83427],{"class":74},[14,83435,20724,83436,83439],{},[61,83437,83438],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83441,83442,83443,33585,83445,137],{},"If you are new to ",[61,83444,42320],{},[543,83446,83447,5751],{"href":42317},[61,83448,42320],{},[816,83450,83452],{"id":83451},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[54,83454,83456],{"className":56,"code":83455,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[61,83457,83458,83490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83459,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83461,4034],{"class":74},[64,83463,92],{"class":91},[64,83465,112],{"class":95},[64,83467,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83469,4043],{"class":1422},[64,83471,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83473,103],{"class":95},[64,83475,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83477,83312],{"class":1422},[64,83479,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83481,103],{"class":95},[64,83483,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83485,78693],{"class":1422},[64,83487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83489,746],{"class":95},[64,83491,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83493,212],{"class":211},[64,83495,144],{"class":95},[64,83497,82589],{"class":211},[64,83499,144],{"class":95},[64,83501,4078],{"class":140},[64,83503,103],{"class":95},[64,83505,21532],{"class":9147},[64,83507,92],{"class":91},[64,83509,3406],{"class":1778},[64,83511,137],{"class":95},[64,83513,8611],{"class":24704},[64,83515,1737],{"class":95},[14,83517,2035],{},[54,83519,83520],{"className":56,"code":82695,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,83521,83522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83523,83524],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83525,82695],{"class":74},[14,83527,20724,83528,83530],{},[61,83529,78647],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[816,83532,83534],{"id":83533},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83536,83537,83538,1117],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[61,83539,37616],{},[54,83541,83543],{"className":56,"code":83542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[61,83544,83545,83588],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83546,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83559,83561,83563,83566,83568,83570,83572,83575,83577,83579,83581,83584,83586],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83548,7749],{"class":74},[64,83550,92],{"class":91},[64,83552,112],{"class":95},[64,83554,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83556,543],{"class":1422},[64,83558,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83560,103],{"class":95},[64,83562,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83564,83565],{"class":1422},"bb",[64,83567,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83569,103],{"class":95},[64,83571,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83573,83574],{"class":1422},"cccc",[64,83576,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83578,103],{"class":95},[64,83580,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83582,83583],{"class":1422},"ddd",[64,83585,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83587,746],{"class":95},[64,83589,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83591,212],{"class":211},[64,83593,144],{"class":95},[64,83595,82589],{"class":211},[64,83597,144],{"class":95},[64,83599,7779],{"class":140},[64,83601,103],{"class":95},[64,83603,21532],{"class":9147},[64,83605,92],{"class":91},[64,83607,37616],{"class":2029},[64,83609,42801],{"class":37619},[64,83611,1117],{"class":95},[64,83613,38343],{"class":211},[64,83615,144],{"class":95},[64,83617,34666],{"class":140},[64,83619,2873],{"class":95},[14,83621,2035],{},[54,83623,83625],{"className":56,"code":83624,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cccc\n",[61,83626,83627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83628,83629],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83630,83624],{"class":74},[14,83632,49508,83633,40,83635,83637],{},[61,83634,83438],{},[61,83636,78534],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[49,83639,36570,83641,36573],{"id":83640},"using-the-default-argument",[61,83642,82885],{},[14,83644,1944,83645,83647],{},[61,83646,82885],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83649,83650],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[54,83652,83654],{"className":56,"code":83653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[61,83655,83656,83664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83657,83658,83660,83662],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83659,1161],{"class":74},[64,83661,92],{"class":91},[64,83663,7808],{"class":95},[64,83665,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83667,212],{"class":211},[64,83669,144],{"class":95},[64,83671,82589],{"class":211},[64,83673,144],{"class":95},[64,83675,3611],{"class":140},[64,83677,103],{"class":95},[64,83679,26478],{"class":9147},[64,83681,92],{"class":91},[64,83683,187],{"class":99},[64,83685,1737],{"class":95},[14,83687,2035],{},[54,83689,83690],{"className":56,"code":47210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,83691,83692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83693,83694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83695,47210],{"class":99},[14,83697,83698],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83700,83701,83702,83704],{},"Without ",[61,83703,82885],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83706,52039],{},[54,83708,83710],{"className":56,"code":83709,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[61,83711,83712,83720,83747],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83713,83714,83716,83718],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83715,4034],{"class":74},[64,83717,92],{"class":91},[64,83719,7808],{"class":95},[64,83721,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83743,83745],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83723,2194],{"class":74},[64,83725,92],{"class":91},[64,83727,82936],{"class":211},[64,83729,144],{"class":95},[64,83731,4078],{"class":140},[64,83733,103],{"class":95},[64,83735,26478],{"class":9147},[64,83737,92],{"class":91},[64,83739,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83741,83742],{"class":1422},"no words found",[64,83744,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83746,150],{"class":95},[64,83748,83749,83751,83753,83755],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,83750,212],{"class":211},[64,83752,144],{"class":95},[64,83754,2229],{"class":140},[64,83756,150],{"class":95},[14,83758,2035],{},[54,83760,83762],{"className":56,"code":83761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"no words found\n",[61,83763,83764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83765,83766],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83767,83761],{"class":74},[14,83769,83770],{},"Important:",[21,83772,83773,83781],{},[24,83774,83775,83777,83778],{},[61,83776,82885],{}," works with ",[61,83779,83780],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[24,83782,40864,83783,83785,83786],{},[37,83784,300],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[61,83787,83788],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[49,83790,47944],{"id":47943},[14,83792,83793,83794,137],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[61,83795,82530],{},[816,83797,83799,83801],{"id":83798},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[61,83800,40662],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83803,83804,83805,45866,83807,137],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[61,83806,82885],{},[61,83808,40662],{},[54,83810,83812],{"className":56,"code":83811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[61,83813,83814,83822],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83815,83816,83818,83820],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83817,1161],{"class":74},[64,83819,92],{"class":91},[64,83821,7808],{"class":95},[64,83823,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83825,212],{"class":211},[64,83827,144],{"class":95},[64,83829,82589],{"class":211},[64,83831,144],{"class":95},[64,83833,3611],{"class":140},[64,83835,1737],{"class":95},[14,83837,29635],{},[54,83839,83841],{"className":56,"code":83840,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[61,83842,83843],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83844,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83856,83858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83846,40662],{"class":1778},[64,83848,1117],{"class":95},[64,83850,82936],{"class":211},[64,83852,7334],{"class":95},[64,83854,83855],{"class":74}," arg ",[64,83857,877],{"class":91},[64,83859,83860],{"class":74}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83862,83863,83864,1117],{},"Fix it by using ",[61,83865,82885],{},[54,83867,83869],{"className":56,"code":83868,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[61,83870,83871,83879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83872,83873,83875,83877],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83874,1161],{"class":74},[64,83876,92],{"class":91},[64,83878,7808],{"class":95},[64,83880,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83882,212],{"class":211},[64,83884,144],{"class":95},[64,83886,82589],{"class":211},[64,83888,144],{"class":95},[64,83890,3611],{"class":140},[64,83892,103],{"class":95},[64,83894,26478],{"class":9147},[64,83896,92],{"class":91},[64,83898,3741],{"class":3816},[64,83900,1737],{"class":95},[14,83902,83903,83904,137],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[543,83905,65789],{"href":72828},[816,83907,83909,83911],{"id":83908},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[61,83910,2964],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83913,83914,83915,137],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[61,83916,2964],{},[54,83918,83920],{"className":56,"code":83919,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[61,83921,83922,83946],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83923,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83925,7749],{"class":74},[64,83927,92],{"class":91},[64,83929,112],{"class":95},[64,83931,1432],{"class":99},[64,83933,103],{"class":95},[64,83935,3315],{"class":1418},[64,83937,15707],{"class":1422},[64,83939,1419],{"class":1418},[64,83941,103],{"class":95},[64,83943,7764],{"class":99},[64,83945,746],{"class":95},[64,83947,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956,83958],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83949,212],{"class":211},[64,83951,144],{"class":95},[64,83953,82589],{"class":211},[64,83955,144],{"class":95},[64,83957,7779],{"class":140},[64,83959,1737],{"class":95},[14,83961,83962],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83964,83965],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[54,83967,83969],{"className":56,"code":83968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[61,83970,83971,83991],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,83972,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987,83989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83974,7749],{"class":74},[64,83976,92],{"class":91},[64,83978,112],{"class":95},[64,83980,1432],{"class":99},[64,83982,103],{"class":95},[64,83984,1437],{"class":99},[64,83986,103],{"class":95},[64,83988,7764],{"class":99},[64,83990,746],{"class":95},[64,83992,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,83994,212],{"class":211},[64,83996,144],{"class":95},[64,83998,82589],{"class":211},[64,84000,144],{"class":95},[64,84002,7779],{"class":140},[64,84004,1737],{"class":95},[14,84006,84007,84008,137],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[543,84009,84011],{"href":84010},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[816,84013,84015,84017],{"id":84014},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[61,84016,2964],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84019,84020,84022],{},[61,84021,82530],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[54,84024,84026],{"className":56,"code":84025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(max())\n",[61,84027,84028],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84029,84030,84032,84034,84036],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84031,212],{"class":211},[64,84033,144],{"class":95},[64,84035,82589],{"class":211},[64,84037,7162],{"class":95},[14,84039,2961,84040,137],{},[61,84041,2964],{},[49,84043,84045,10557,84047],{"id":84044},"max-vs-sorted",[61,84046,82530],{},[61,84048,74373],{},[14,84050,84051],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84053,84054,1117],{},[61,84055,82530],{},[21,84057,84058],{},[24,84059,84060],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84062,84063,1117],{},[61,84064,74373],{},[21,84066,84067],{},[24,84068,84069],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84071,318],{},[54,84073,84075],{"className":56,"code":84074,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[61,84076,84077,84101,84105,84119],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84078,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097,84099],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84080,1161],{"class":74},[64,84082,92],{"class":91},[64,84084,112],{"class":95},[64,84086,115],{"class":99},[64,84088,103],{"class":95},[64,84090,6329],{"class":99},[64,84092,103],{"class":95},[64,84094,106],{"class":99},[64,84096,103],{"class":95},[64,84098,4570],{"class":99},[64,84100,746],{"class":95},[64,84102,84103],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84104,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,84106,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,84108,212],{"class":211},[64,84110,144],{"class":95},[64,84112,82589],{"class":211},[64,84114,144],{"class":95},[64,84116,3611],{"class":140},[64,84118,1737],{"class":95},[64,84120,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,84122,212],{"class":211},[64,84124,144],{"class":95},[64,84126,74463],{"class":211},[64,84128,144],{"class":95},[64,84130,3611],{"class":140},[64,84132,1737],{"class":95},[14,84134,2035],{},[54,84136,84138],{"className":56,"code":84137,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[61,84139,84140,84144],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84141,84142],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84143,2345],{"class":99},[64,84145,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84147,184],{"class":95},[64,84149,2021],{"class":99},[64,84151,103],{"class":95},[64,84153,743],{"class":99},[64,84155,103],{"class":95},[64,84157,4570],{"class":99},[64,84159,103],{"class":95},[64,84161,6329],{"class":99},[64,84163,746],{"class":95},[14,84165,256,84166,84168],{},[61,84167,82530],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84170,256,84171,84175],{},[543,84172,84173],{"href":74470},[61,84174,74373],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84177,84178,84179,137],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[543,84180,84182],{"href":84181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[61,84183,84184],{},"min()",[49,84186,1646],{"id":1645},[14,84188,84189],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[21,84191,84192,84199,84202,84207,84210],{},[24,84193,29604,84194,84196,84197],{},[61,84195,82530],{}," on an empty list without ",[61,84198,82885],{},[24,84200,84201],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[24,84203,8423,84204,84206],{},[61,84205,82530],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[24,84208,84209],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[24,84211,1654,84212,84214],{},[61,84213,82885],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84216,11085],{},[54,84218,84220],{"className":56,"code":84219,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[61,84221,84222,84232,84246,84260,84274,84296],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84223,84224,84226,84228,84230],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84225,212],{"class":211},[64,84227,144],{"class":95},[64,84229,7779],{"class":140},[64,84231,150],{"class":95},[64,84233,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242,84244],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84235,212],{"class":211},[64,84237,144],{"class":95},[64,84239,1779],{"class":1778},[64,84241,144],{"class":95},[64,84243,7779],{"class":140},[64,84245,1737],{"class":95},[64,84247,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,84249,212],{"class":211},[64,84251,144],{"class":95},[64,84253,11134],{"class":211},[64,84255,144],{"class":95},[64,84257,7779],{"class":140},[64,84259,1737],{"class":95},[64,84261,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,84263,212],{"class":211},[64,84265,144],{"class":95},[64,84267,82589],{"class":211},[64,84269,144],{"class":95},[64,84271,7779],{"class":140},[64,84273,1737],{"class":95},[64,84275,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,84277,212],{"class":211},[64,84279,144],{"class":95},[64,84281,82589],{"class":211},[64,84283,144],{"class":95},[64,84285,7779],{"class":140},[64,84287,103],{"class":95},[64,84289,26478],{"class":9147},[64,84291,92],{"class":91},[64,84293,3741],{"class":3816},[64,84295,1737],{"class":95},[64,84297,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310,84312,84314,84316,84318],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,84299,212],{"class":211},[64,84301,382],{"class":95},[64,84303,1779],{"class":1778},[64,84305,144],{"class":95},[64,84307,2137],{"class":140},[64,84309,219],{"class":95},[64,84311,3841],{"class":70},[64,84313,3844],{"class":140},[64,84315,3847],{"class":70},[64,84317,5934],{"class":140},[64,84319,393],{"class":95},[14,84321,84322],{},"These are useful for checking:",[21,84324,84325,84330,84335,84338],{},[24,84326,84327,84328],{},"What is actually inside ",[61,84329,7779],{},[24,84331,79700,84332,84334],{},[61,84333,7779],{}," is a list or some other type",[24,84336,84337],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[24,84339,84340],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84342,69297,84343,84346,84347,84349],{},[61,84344,84345],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[61,84348,7779],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[49,84351,1826],{"id":1825},[816,84353,5107,84355,5110],{"id":84354},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[61,84356,82530],{},[14,84358,84359],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[816,84361,5135,84363,84365],{"id":84362},"can-max-work-with-strings",[61,84364,82530],{}," work with strings?",[14,84367,84368],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[816,84370,71596],{"id":71595},[14,84372,84373,52454,84375,84377,84378,84380],{},[61,84374,82530],{},[61,84376,40662],{}," unless you use the ",[61,84379,82885],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[816,84382,84384,84385,2456],{"id":84383},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[61,84386,82530],{},[14,84388,256,84389,1117],{},[61,84390,83438],{},[54,84392,84393],{"className":56,"code":83366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,84394,84395,84427],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84396,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423,84425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84398,4034],{"class":74},[64,84400,92],{"class":91},[64,84402,112],{"class":95},[64,84404,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84406,37004],{"class":1422},[64,84408,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84410,103],{"class":95},[64,84412,3315],{"class":1418},[64,84414,68276],{"class":1422},[64,84416,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84418,103],{"class":95},[64,84420,3315],{"class":1418},[64,84422,58076],{"class":1422},[64,84424,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84426,746],{"class":95},[64,84428,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84430,212],{"class":211},[64,84432,144],{"class":95},[64,84434,82589],{"class":211},[64,84436,144],{"class":95},[64,84438,4078],{"class":140},[64,84440,103],{"class":95},[64,84442,21532],{"class":9147},[64,84444,92],{"class":91},[64,84446,11134],{"class":211},[64,84448,1737],{"class":95},[816,84450,5145,84452,40,84454,2456],{"id":84451},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[61,84453,82530],{},[61,84455,74373],{},[14,84457,84458,84460,84461,84463],{},[61,84459,82530],{}," returns one largest item. ",[61,84462,74373],{}," returns all items in order.",[49,84465,1865],{"id":1864},[21,84467,84468,84474,84480,84486,84490,84494],{},[24,84469,84470],{},[543,84471,84472,3472],{"href":84181},[61,84473,84184],{},[24,84475,84476],{},[543,84477,84478,3472],{"href":74470},[61,84479,74373],{},[24,84481,84482],{},[543,84483,84484,3472],{"href":42317},[61,84485,42320],{},[24,84487,84488],{},[543,84489,58904],{"href":58903},[24,84491,84492],{},[543,84493,65789],{"href":72828},[24,84495,84496],{},[543,84497,84011],{"href":84010},[1898,84499,84500],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":84502},[84503,84504,84506,84507,84509,84511,84513,84518,84520,84528,84530,84531,84542],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":82720,"depth":78,"text":84505},"What max() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":82889,"depth":78,"text":84508},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83059,"depth":78,"text":84510},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83194,"depth":78,"text":84512},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78651,"depth":78,"text":79849,"children":84514},[84515,84516,84517],{"id":83362,"depth":85,"text":83363},{"id":83451,"depth":85,"text":83452},{"id":83533,"depth":85,"text":83534},{"id":83640,"depth":78,"text":84519},"Using the default argument",{"id":47943,"depth":78,"text":47944,"children":84521},[84522,84524,84526],{"id":83798,"depth":85,"text":84523},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83908,"depth":85,"text":84525},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84014,"depth":85,"text":84527},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84044,"depth":78,"text":84529},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":84532},[84533,84535,84537,84538,84540],{"id":84354,"depth":85,"text":84534},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84362,"depth":85,"text":84536},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71595,"depth":85,"text":71596},{"id":84383,"depth":85,"text":84539},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84451,"depth":85,"text":84541},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82522,"description":84543},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84550,"title":84551,"body":84552,"description":86506,"extension":1927,"meta":86507,"navigation":81,"path":86508,"seo":86509,"stem":86510,"__hash__":86511},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84553,"toc":86463},[84554,84559,84564,84570,84572,84646,84648,84661,84666,84671,84687,84691,84696,84772,84778,84781,84824,84826,84834,84840,84843,84874,84876,84884,84890,84895,84954,84956,84965,84968,84978,84984,84989,85024,85026,85034,85040,85046,85051,85095,85097,85106,85109,85149,85151,85160,85163,85175,85180,85185,85236,85238,85247,85250,85301,85303,85312,85315,85322,85328,85333,85335,85350,85354,85414,85416,85425,85429,85601,85603,85640,85647,85653,85656,85683,85685,85706,85711,85746,85748,85756,85759,85762,85778,85783,85785,85789,85795,85799,85826,85829,85839,85879,85883,85886,85929,85931,85940,85943,85948,86017,86019,86027,86032,86036,86039,86090,86092,86100,86103,86166,86168,86176,86179,86184,86188,86201,86208,86216,86218,86220,86250,86256,86357,86367,86369,86374,86377,86382,86385,86387,86395,86403,86411,86418,86426,86428,86460],[10,84555,1877,84557,3542],{"id":84556},"python-min-function-explained",[61,84558,84184],{},[14,84560,84561,84563],{},[61,84562,84184],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84565,84566,84567,84569],{},"This page explains what ",[61,84568,84184],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[49,84571,52],{"id":51},[54,84573,84575],{"className":56,"code":84574,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[61,84576,84577,84601,84616,84620],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84578,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595,84597,84599],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84580,1161],{"class":74},[64,84582,92],{"class":91},[64,84584,112],{"class":95},[64,84586,385],{"class":99},[64,84588,103],{"class":95},[64,84590,106],{"class":99},[64,84592,103],{"class":95},[64,84594,54095],{"class":99},[64,84596,103],{"class":95},[64,84598,5465],{"class":99},[64,84600,746],{"class":95},[64,84602,84603,84605,84607,84610,84612,84614],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84604,212],{"class":211},[64,84606,144],{"class":95},[64,84608,84609],{"class":211},"min",[64,84611,144],{"class":95},[64,84613,3611],{"class":140},[64,84615,1737],{"class":95},[64,84617,84618],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,84619,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,84621,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,84623,212],{"class":211},[64,84625,144],{"class":95},[64,84627,84609],{"class":211},[64,84629,144],{"class":95},[64,84631,385],{"class":99},[64,84633,103],{"class":95},[64,84635,106],{"class":99},[64,84637,103],{"class":95},[64,84639,54095],{"class":99},[64,84641,103],{"class":95},[64,84643,5465],{"class":99},[64,84645,1737],{"class":95},[14,84647,2035],{},[54,84649,84651],{"className":56,"code":84650,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1\n1\n",[61,84652,84653,84657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84654,84655],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84656,46875],{"class":99},[64,84658,84659],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84660,46875],{"class":99},[14,84662,256,84663,84665],{},[61,84664,84184],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[49,84667,3639,84669,3642],{"id":84668},"what-min-does",[61,84670,84184],{},[21,84672,84673,84678,84681,84684],{},[24,84674,84675,84677],{},[61,84676,84184],{}," returns the smallest item",[24,84679,84680],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[24,84682,84683],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[24,84685,84686],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[49,84688,84690],{"id":84689},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84692,84693,84694,1117],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[61,84695,84184],{},[54,84697,84699],{"className":56,"code":84698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[61,84700,84701,84711,84736,84754],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84702,84703,84705,84707,84709],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84704,84609],{"class":211},[64,84706,144],{"class":95},[64,84708,3683],{"class":140},[64,84710,150],{"class":95},[64,84712,84713,84715,84717,84720,84722,84725,84727,84730,84732,84734],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84714,84609],{"class":211},[64,84716,144],{"class":95},[64,84718,84719],{"class":140},"value1",[64,84721,103],{"class":95},[64,84723,84724],{"class":140}," value2",[64,84726,103],{"class":95},[64,84728,84729],{"class":140}," value3",[64,84731,103],{"class":95},[64,84733,34411],{"class":211},[64,84735,150],{"class":95},[64,84737,84738,84740,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,84739,84609],{"class":211},[64,84741,144],{"class":95},[64,84743,3683],{"class":140},[64,84745,103],{"class":95},[64,84747,21532],{"class":9147},[64,84749,92],{"class":91},[64,84751,37328],{"class":211},[64,84753,150],{"class":95},[64,84755,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,84757,84609],{"class":211},[64,84759,144],{"class":95},[64,84761,3683],{"class":140},[64,84763,103],{"class":95},[64,84765,26478],{"class":9147},[64,84767,92],{"class":91},[64,84769,37328],{"class":211},[64,84771,150],{"class":95},[816,84773,84775],{"id":84774},"miniterable",[61,84776,84777],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84779,84780],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[54,84782,84784],{"className":56,"code":84783,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[61,84785,84786,84810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84787,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798,84800,84802,84804,84806,84808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84789,1161],{"class":74},[64,84791,92],{"class":91},[64,84793,112],{"class":95},[64,84795,2309],{"class":99},[64,84797,103],{"class":95},[64,84799,743],{"class":99},[64,84801,103],{"class":95},[64,84803,30898],{"class":99},[64,84805,103],{"class":95},[64,84807,5465],{"class":99},[64,84809,746],{"class":95},[64,84811,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84813,212],{"class":211},[64,84815,144],{"class":95},[64,84817,84609],{"class":211},[64,84819,144],{"class":95},[64,84821,3611],{"class":140},[64,84823,1737],{"class":95},[14,84825,2035],{},[54,84827,84828],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,84829,84830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84831,84832],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84833,46875],{"class":99},[816,84835,84837],{"id":84836},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[61,84838,84839],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84841,84842],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[54,84844,84846],{"className":56,"code":84845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[61,84847,84848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84849,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84851,212],{"class":211},[64,84853,144],{"class":95},[64,84855,84609],{"class":211},[64,84857,144],{"class":95},[64,84859,2309],{"class":99},[64,84861,103],{"class":95},[64,84863,743],{"class":99},[64,84865,103],{"class":95},[64,84867,30898],{"class":99},[64,84869,103],{"class":95},[64,84871,5465],{"class":99},[64,84873,1737],{"class":95},[14,84875,2035],{},[54,84877,84878],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,84879,84880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84881,84882],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84883,46875],{"class":99},[816,84885,84887],{"id":84886},"miniterable-key",[61,84888,84889],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84891,256,84892,84894],{},[61,84893,14796],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[54,84896,84898],{"className":56,"code":84897,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[61,84899,84900,84932],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84901,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84903,4034],{"class":74},[64,84905,92],{"class":91},[64,84907,112],{"class":95},[64,84909,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84911,78693],{"class":1422},[64,84913,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84915,103],{"class":95},[64,84917,3315],{"class":1418},[64,84919,38298],{"class":1422},[64,84921,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84923,103],{"class":95},[64,84925,3315],{"class":1418},[64,84927,4052],{"class":1422},[64,84929,1419],{"class":1418},[64,84931,746],{"class":95},[64,84933,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,84935,212],{"class":211},[64,84937,144],{"class":95},[64,84939,84609],{"class":211},[64,84941,144],{"class":95},[64,84943,4078],{"class":140},[64,84945,103],{"class":95},[64,84947,21532],{"class":9147},[64,84949,92],{"class":91},[64,84951,11134],{"class":211},[64,84953,1737],{"class":95},[14,84955,2035],{},[54,84957,84959],{"className":56,"code":84958,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"kiwi\n",[61,84960,84961],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84962,84963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84964,84958],{"class":74},[14,84966,84967],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84969,84970,84971,84973,84974,137],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[61,84972,42320],{},", see the ",[543,84975,84976,3472],{"href":42317},[61,84977,42320],{},[816,84979,84981],{"id":84980},"miniterable-default",[61,84982,84983],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84985,256,84986,84988],{},[61,84987,82885],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[54,84990,84992],{"className":56,"code":84991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[61,84993,84994,85002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,84995,84996,84998,85000],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84997,1161],{"class":74},[64,84999,92],{"class":91},[64,85001,7808],{"class":95},[64,85003,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85005,212],{"class":211},[64,85007,144],{"class":95},[64,85009,84609],{"class":211},[64,85011,144],{"class":95},[64,85013,3611],{"class":140},[64,85015,103],{"class":95},[64,85017,26478],{"class":9147},[64,85019,92],{"class":91},[64,85021,187],{"class":99},[64,85023,1737],{"class":95},[14,85025,2035],{},[54,85027,85028],{"className":56,"code":47210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,85029,85030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85031,85032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85033,47210],{"class":99},[14,85035,85036,85037,85039],{},"This avoids a ",[61,85038,40662],{}," when there is no item to return.",[49,85041,1654,85043,85045],{"id":85042},"using-min-with-numbers",[61,85044,84184],{}," with numbers",[14,85047,85048,85050],{},[61,85049,84184],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[54,85052,85054],{"className":56,"code":85053,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[61,85055,85056,85081],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85057,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85059,5028],{"class":74},[64,85061,92],{"class":91},[64,85063,112],{"class":95},[64,85065,51464],{"class":99},[64,85067,103],{"class":95},[64,85069,85070],{"class":99}," 72",[64,85072,103],{"class":95},[64,85074,28860],{"class":99},[64,85076,103],{"class":95},[64,85078,76049],{"class":99},[64,85080,746],{"class":95},[64,85082,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85084,212],{"class":211},[64,85086,144],{"class":95},[64,85088,84609],{"class":211},[64,85090,144],{"class":95},[64,85092,1423],{"class":140},[64,85094,1737],{"class":95},[14,85096,2035],{},[54,85098,85100],{"className":56,"code":85099,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"60\n",[61,85101,85102],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85103,85104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85105,85099],{"class":99},[14,85107,85108],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[54,85110,85112],{"className":56,"code":85111,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[61,85113,85114,85135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85115,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85129,85131,85133],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85117,82997],{"class":74},[64,85119,92],{"class":91},[64,85121,112],{"class":95},[64,85123,40356],{"class":99},[64,85125,103],{"class":95},[64,85127,85128],{"class":99}," 5.49",[64,85130,103],{"class":95},[64,85132,83013],{"class":99},[64,85134,746],{"class":95},[64,85136,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85138,212],{"class":211},[64,85140,144],{"class":95},[64,85142,84609],{"class":211},[64,85144,144],{"class":95},[64,85146,83033],{"class":140},[64,85148,1737],{"class":95},[14,85150,2035],{},[54,85152,85154],{"className":56,"code":85153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5.49\n",[61,85155,85156],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85157,85158],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85159,85153],{"class":99},[14,85161,85162],{},"This is useful for things like:",[21,85164,85165,85167,85169,85172],{},[24,85166,1423],{},[24,85168,83033],{},[24,85170,85171],{},"measurements",[24,85173,85174],{},"ages",[49,85176,1654,85178,47017],{"id":85177},"using-min-with-strings",[61,85179,84184],{},[14,85181,85182,85184],{},[61,85183,84184],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[54,85186,85188],{"className":56,"code":85187,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[61,85189,85190,85222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85191,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85193,4034],{"class":74},[64,85195,92],{"class":91},[64,85197,112],{"class":95},[64,85199,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85201,4052],{"class":1422},[64,85203,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85205,103],{"class":95},[64,85207,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85209,4043],{"class":1422},[64,85211,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85213,103],{"class":95},[64,85215,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85217,4061],{"class":1422},[64,85219,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85221,746],{"class":95},[64,85223,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85225,212],{"class":211},[64,85227,144],{"class":95},[64,85229,84609],{"class":211},[64,85231,144],{"class":95},[64,85233,4078],{"class":140},[64,85235,1737],{"class":95},[14,85237,2035],{},[54,85239,85241],{"className":56,"code":85240,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apple\n",[61,85242,85243],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85244,85245],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85246,85240],{"class":74},[14,85248,85249],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[54,85251,85253],{"className":56,"code":85252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[61,85254,85255,85287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85256,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85258,4034],{"class":74},[64,85260,92],{"class":91},[64,85262,112],{"class":95},[64,85264,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85266,4052],{"class":1422},[64,85268,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85270,103],{"class":95},[64,85272,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85274,57717],{"class":1422},[64,85276,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85278,103],{"class":95},[64,85280,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85282,4061],{"class":1422},[64,85284,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85286,746],{"class":95},[64,85288,85289,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85290,212],{"class":211},[64,85292,144],{"class":95},[64,85294,84609],{"class":211},[64,85296,144],{"class":95},[64,85298,4078],{"class":140},[64,85300,1737],{"class":95},[14,85302,2035],{},[54,85304,85306],{"className":56,"code":85305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Apple\n",[61,85307,85308],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85309,85310],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85311,85305],{"class":74},[14,85313,85314],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85316,85317,85318,137],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[543,85319,85320,5751],{"href":74470},[61,85321,74373],{},[49,85323,1654,85325,85327],{"id":85324},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[61,85326,84184],{}," with a key function",[14,85329,1944,85330,85332],{},[61,85331,14796],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85334,11432],{},[21,85336,85337,85342,85347],{},[24,85338,85339,85341],{},[61,85340,14796],{}," changes the comparison rule",[24,85343,85344,85346],{},[61,85345,84184],{}," still returns the original item",[24,85348,85349],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[816,85351,85353],{"id":85352},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[54,85355,85357],{"className":56,"code":85356,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[61,85358,85359,85392],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85360,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85388,85390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85362,4034],{"class":74},[64,85364,92],{"class":91},[64,85366,112],{"class":95},[64,85368,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85370,68276],{"class":1422},[64,85372,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85374,103],{"class":95},[64,85376,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85378,37004],{"class":1422},[64,85380,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85382,103],{"class":95},[64,85384,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85386,85387],{"class":1422},"giraffe",[64,85389,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85391,746],{"class":95},[64,85393,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85395,212],{"class":211},[64,85397,144],{"class":95},[64,85399,84609],{"class":211},[64,85401,144],{"class":95},[64,85403,4078],{"class":140},[64,85405,103],{"class":95},[64,85407,21532],{"class":9147},[64,85409,92],{"class":91},[64,85411,11134],{"class":211},[64,85413,1737],{"class":95},[14,85415,2035],{},[54,85417,85419],{"className":56,"code":85418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cat\n",[61,85420,85421],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85422,85423],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85424,85418],{"class":74},[816,85426,85428],{"id":85427},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[54,85430,85432],{"className":56,"code":85431,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[61,85433,85434,85444,85479,85511,85543,85547,85551,85590],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85435,85436,85439,85441],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85437,85438],{"class":74},"students ",[64,85440,92],{"class":91},[64,85442,85443],{"class":95}," [\n",[64,85445,85446,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85470,85472,85474,85476],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85447,85448],{"class":95},"    {",[64,85450,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85452,7637],{"class":1422},[64,85454,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85456,1117],{"class":95},[64,85458,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85460,12846],{"class":1422},[64,85462,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85464,103],{"class":95},[64,85466,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85468,85469],{"class":1422},"score",[64,85471,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85473,1117],{"class":95},[64,85475,13472],{"class":99},[64,85477,85478],{"class":95},"},\n",[64,85480,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,85482,85448],{"class":95},[64,85484,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85486,7637],{"class":1422},[64,85488,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85490,1117],{"class":95},[64,85492,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85494,35898],{"class":1422},[64,85496,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85498,103],{"class":95},[64,85500,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85502,85469],{"class":1422},[64,85504,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85506,1117],{"class":95},[64,85508,85070],{"class":99},[64,85510,85478],{"class":95},[64,85512,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,85514,85448],{"class":95},[64,85516,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85518,7637],{"class":1422},[64,85520,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85522,1117],{"class":95},[64,85524,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85526,35907],{"class":1422},[64,85528,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85530,103],{"class":95},[64,85532,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85534,85469],{"class":1422},[64,85536,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85538,1117],{"class":95},[64,85540,19852],{"class":99},[64,85542,9280],{"class":95},[64,85544,85545],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,85546,746],{"class":95},[64,85548,85549],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,85550,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,85552,85553,85556,85558,85561,85563,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576,85578,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,85554,85555],{"class":74},"lowest ",[64,85557,92],{"class":91},[64,85559,85560],{"class":211}," min",[64,85562,144],{"class":95},[64,85564,85565],{"class":140},"students",[64,85567,103],{"class":95},[64,85569,21532],{"class":9147},[64,85571,92],{"class":91},[64,85573,37616],{"class":2029},[64,85575,12872],{"class":37619},[64,85577,1117],{"class":95},[64,85579,12872],{"class":140},[64,85581,184],{"class":95},[64,85583,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85585,85469],{"class":1422},[64,85587,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85589,393],{"class":95},[64,85591,85592,85594,85596,85599],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,85593,212],{"class":211},[64,85595,144],{"class":95},[64,85597,85598],{"class":140},"lowest",[64,85600,150],{"class":95},[14,85602,2035],{},[54,85604,85606],{"className":56,"code":85605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[61,85607,85608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85609,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85611,9249],{"class":95},[64,85613,3261],{"class":1418},[64,85615,7637],{"class":1422},[64,85617,3261],{"class":1418},[64,85619,1117],{"class":95},[64,85621,3256],{"class":1418},[64,85623,35898],{"class":1422},[64,85625,3261],{"class":1418},[64,85627,103],{"class":95},[64,85629,3256],{"class":1418},[64,85631,85469],{"class":1422},[64,85633,3261],{"class":1418},[64,85635,1117],{"class":95},[64,85637,85070],{"class":99},[64,85639,9280],{"class":95},[14,85641,85642,85643,85646],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[61,85644,85645],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[49,85648,1654,85650,85652],{"id":85649},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[61,85651,82885],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85654,85655],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[54,85657,85659],{"className":56,"code":85658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[61,85660,85661,85669],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85662,85663,85665,85667],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85664,1161],{"class":74},[64,85666,92],{"class":91},[64,85668,7808],{"class":95},[64,85670,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85672,212],{"class":211},[64,85674,144],{"class":95},[64,85676,84609],{"class":211},[64,85678,144],{"class":95},[64,85680,3611],{"class":140},[64,85682,1737],{"class":95},[14,85684,2035],{},[54,85686,85688],{"className":56,"code":85687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[61,85689,85690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85691,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85693,40662],{"class":1778},[64,85695,1117],{"class":95},[64,85697,85560],{"class":211},[64,85699,7334],{"class":95},[64,85701,83855],{"class":74},[64,85703,877],{"class":91},[64,85705,83860],{"class":74},[14,85707,85708,85709,1117],{},"To avoid that, use ",[61,85710,82885],{},[54,85712,85714],{"className":56,"code":85713,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[61,85715,85716,85724],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85717,85718,85720,85722],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85719,1161],{"class":74},[64,85721,92],{"class":91},[64,85723,7808],{"class":95},[64,85725,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85727,212],{"class":211},[64,85729,144],{"class":95},[64,85731,84609],{"class":211},[64,85733,144],{"class":95},[64,85735,3611],{"class":140},[64,85737,103],{"class":95},[64,85739,26478],{"class":9147},[64,85741,92],{"class":91},[64,85743,3741],{"class":3816},[64,85745,1737],{"class":95},[14,85747,2035],{},[54,85749,85750],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,85751,85752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85753,85754],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85755,11782],{"class":3816},[14,85757,85758],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85760,85761],{},"Remember:",[21,85763,85764,85772],{},[24,85765,85766,85768,85769,85771],{},[61,85767,82885],{}," works only when ",[61,85770,84184],{}," gets one iterable argument",[24,85773,85774,85775],{},"It does not work with ",[61,85776,85777],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85779,85780,85781,137],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[543,85782,65789],{"href":72828},[49,85784,10716],{"id":10715},[14,85786,56728,85787,137],{},[61,85788,84184],{},[816,85790,85792,85793],{"id":85791},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[61,85794,82885],{},[14,85796,2961,85797,1117],{},[61,85798,40662],{},[54,85800,85802],{"className":56,"code":85801,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[61,85803,85804,85812],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85805,85806,85808,85810],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85807,7749],{"class":74},[64,85809,92],{"class":91},[64,85811,7808],{"class":95},[64,85813,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85815,212],{"class":211},[64,85817,144],{"class":95},[64,85819,84609],{"class":211},[64,85821,144],{"class":95},[64,85823,7779],{"class":140},[64,85825,1737],{"class":95},[14,85827,85828],{},"Fix it by:",[21,85830,85831,85834],{},[24,85832,85833],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[24,85835,85836,85837],{},"or using ",[61,85838,82885],{},[54,85840,85842],{"className":56,"code":85841,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[61,85843,85844,85852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85845,85846,85848,85850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85847,7749],{"class":74},[64,85849,92],{"class":91},[64,85851,7808],{"class":95},[64,85853,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870,85872,85875,85877],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85855,212],{"class":211},[64,85857,144],{"class":95},[64,85859,84609],{"class":211},[64,85861,144],{"class":95},[64,85863,7779],{"class":140},[64,85865,103],{"class":95},[64,85867,26478],{"class":9147},[64,85869,92],{"class":91},[64,85871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85873,85874],{"class":1422},"no items",[64,85876,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85878,1737],{"class":95},[816,85880,85882],{"id":85881},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85884,85885],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[54,85887,85889],{"className":56,"code":85888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[61,85890,85891,85915],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85892,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85894,9137],{"class":74},[64,85896,92],{"class":91},[64,85898,112],{"class":95},[64,85900,1432],{"class":99},[64,85902,103],{"class":95},[64,85904,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85906,15707],{"class":1422},[64,85908,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85910,103],{"class":95},[64,85912,4570],{"class":99},[64,85914,746],{"class":95},[64,85916,85917,85919,85921,85923,85925,85927],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85918,212],{"class":211},[64,85920,144],{"class":95},[64,85922,84609],{"class":211},[64,85924,144],{"class":95},[64,85926,9176],{"class":140},[64,85928,1737],{"class":95},[14,85930,2035],{},[54,85932,85934],{"className":56,"code":85933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError\n",[61,85935,85936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85937,85938],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85939,85933],{"class":1778},[14,85941,85942],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85944,85945,85946,137],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[61,85947,84184],{},[54,85949,85951],{"className":56,"code":85950,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[61,85952,85953,85977,86003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,85954,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85956,9137],{"class":74},[64,85958,92],{"class":91},[64,85960,112],{"class":95},[64,85962,1432],{"class":99},[64,85964,103],{"class":95},[64,85966,3315],{"class":1418},[64,85968,15707],{"class":1422},[64,85970,1419],{"class":1418},[64,85972,103],{"class":95},[64,85974,4570],{"class":99},[64,85976,746],{"class":95},[64,85978,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,85980,1161],{"class":74},[64,85982,92],{"class":91},[64,85984,112],{"class":95},[64,85986,2152],{"class":1778},[64,85988,144],{"class":95},[64,85990,2137],{"class":140},[64,85992,219],{"class":95},[64,85994,3841],{"class":70},[64,85996,3844],{"class":74},[64,85998,3847],{"class":70},[64,86000,14523],{"class":74},[64,86002,746],{"class":95},[64,86004,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,86006,212],{"class":211},[64,86008,144],{"class":95},[64,86010,84609],{"class":211},[64,86012,144],{"class":95},[64,86014,3611],{"class":140},[64,86016,1737],{"class":95},[14,86018,2035],{},[54,86020,86021],{"className":56,"code":2908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,86022,86023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86024,86025],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86026,2908],{"class":99},[14,86028,86029,86030,137],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[61,86031,2964],{},[816,86033,86035],{"id":86034},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86037,86038],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[54,86040,86042],{"className":56,"code":86041,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[61,86043,86044,86076],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86045,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86047,4034],{"class":74},[64,86049,92],{"class":91},[64,86051,112],{"class":95},[64,86053,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86055,79509],{"class":1422},[64,86057,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86059,103],{"class":95},[64,86061,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86063,57717],{"class":1422},[64,86065,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86067,103],{"class":95},[64,86069,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86071,79526],{"class":1422},[64,86073,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86075,746],{"class":95},[64,86077,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,86079,212],{"class":211},[64,86081,144],{"class":95},[64,86083,84609],{"class":211},[64,86085,144],{"class":95},[64,86087,4078],{"class":140},[64,86089,1737],{"class":95},[14,86091,2035],{},[54,86093,86094],{"className":56,"code":85305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,86095,86096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86097,86098],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86099,85305],{"class":74},[14,86101,86102],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[54,86104,86106],{"className":56,"code":86105,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[61,86107,86108,86140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86109,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86111,4034],{"class":74},[64,86113,92],{"class":91},[64,86115,112],{"class":95},[64,86117,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86119,79509],{"class":1422},[64,86121,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86123,103],{"class":95},[64,86125,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86127,57717],{"class":1422},[64,86129,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86131,103],{"class":95},[64,86133,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86135,79526],{"class":1422},[64,86137,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86139,746],{"class":95},[64,86141,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,86143,212],{"class":211},[64,86145,144],{"class":95},[64,86147,84609],{"class":211},[64,86149,144],{"class":95},[64,86151,4078],{"class":140},[64,86153,103],{"class":95},[64,86155,21532],{"class":9147},[64,86157,92],{"class":91},[64,86159,3406],{"class":1778},[64,86161,137],{"class":95},[64,86163,8611],{"class":24704},[64,86165,1737],{"class":95},[14,86167,2035],{},[54,86169,86170],{"className":56,"code":85305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,86171,86172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86173,86174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86175,85305],{"class":74},[14,86177,86178],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[49,86180,4925,86182],{"id":86181},"when-to-use-min",[61,86183,84184],{},[14,86185,256,86186,10573],{},[61,86187,84184],{},[21,86189,86190,86193,86198],{},[24,86191,86192],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[24,86194,86195,86196],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[61,86197,14796],{},[24,86199,86200],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86202,256,86203,86207],{},[543,86204,86205],{"href":74470},[61,86206,74373],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86209,256,86210,86215],{},[543,86211,86213],{"href":86212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[61,86214,82530],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[49,86217,1646],{"id":1645},[14,86219,84189],{},[21,86221,86222,86230,86233,86238,86245],{},[24,86223,86224,86225,86227,86228],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[61,86226,84184],{}," without using ",[61,86229,82885],{},[24,86231,86232],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[24,86234,8423,86235,86237],{},[61,86236,84184],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[24,86239,4668,86240,86242,86243,85346],{},[61,86241,14796],{}," affects comparison but ",[61,86244,84184],{},[24,86246,1654,86247,86249],{},[61,86248,82885],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86251,86252,86253,86255],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[61,86254,84184],{},", these quick checks can help:",[54,86257,86259],{"className":56,"code":86258,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[61,86260,86261,86275,86285,86299,86313,86335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86262,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86264,212],{"class":211},[64,86266,144],{"class":95},[64,86268,1779],{"class":1778},[64,86270,144],{"class":95},[64,86272,9176],{"class":140},[64,86274,1737],{"class":95},[64,86276,86277,86279,86281,86283],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,86278,212],{"class":211},[64,86280,144],{"class":95},[64,86282,9176],{"class":140},[64,86284,150],{"class":95},[64,86286,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,86288,212],{"class":211},[64,86290,144],{"class":95},[64,86292,11134],{"class":211},[64,86294,144],{"class":95},[64,86296,9176],{"class":140},[64,86298,1737],{"class":95},[64,86300,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309,86311],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,86302,212],{"class":211},[64,86304,144],{"class":95},[64,86306,84609],{"class":211},[64,86308,144],{"class":95},[64,86310,9176],{"class":140},[64,86312,1737],{"class":95},[64,86314,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331,86333],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,86316,212],{"class":211},[64,86318,144],{"class":95},[64,86320,84609],{"class":211},[64,86322,144],{"class":95},[64,86324,9176],{"class":140},[64,86326,103],{"class":95},[64,86328,26478],{"class":9147},[64,86330,92],{"class":91},[64,86332,3741],{"class":3816},[64,86334,1737],{"class":95},[64,86336,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,86338,212],{"class":211},[64,86340,144],{"class":95},[64,86342,84609],{"class":211},[64,86344,144],{"class":95},[64,86346,4078],{"class":140},[64,86348,103],{"class":95},[64,86350,21532],{"class":9147},[64,86352,92],{"class":91},[64,86354,11134],{"class":211},[64,86356,1737],{"class":95},[14,86358,86359,86360,86363,86364,86366],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[61,86361,86362],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[61,86365,9176],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[49,86368,1826],{"id":1825},[816,86370,5107,86372,5110],{"id":86371},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[61,86373,84184],{},[14,86375,86376],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[816,86378,5135,86380,84365],{"id":86379},"can-min-work-with-strings",[61,86381,84184],{},[14,86383,86384],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[816,86386,71596],{"id":71595},[14,86388,86389,52454,86391,84377,86393,36579],{},[61,86390,84184],{},[61,86392,40662],{},[61,86394,82885],{},[816,86396,5107,86398,86400,86401,2456],{"id":86397},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[61,86399,14796],{}," do in ",[61,86402,84184],{},[14,86404,86405,86407,86408,86410],{},[61,86406,14796],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[61,86409,83438],{}," compares strings by length.",[816,86412,5145,86414,40,86416,2456],{"id":86413},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[61,86415,84184],{},[61,86417,74373],{},[14,86419,86420,86422,86423,86425],{},[61,86421,84184],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[61,86424,74373],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[49,86427,1865],{"id":1864},[21,86429,86430,86436,86442,86448,86452,86456],{},[24,86431,86432],{},[543,86433,86434,3472],{"href":86212},[61,86435,82530],{},[24,86437,86438],{},[543,86439,86440,3472],{"href":74470},[61,86441,74373],{},[24,86443,86444],{},[543,86445,86446,3472],{"href":42317},[61,86447,42320],{},[24,86449,86450],{},[543,86451,79822],{"href":78325},[24,86453,86454],{},[543,86455,58904],{"href":58903},[24,86457,86458],{},[543,86459,65789],{"href":72828},[1898,86461,86462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":86464},[86465,86466,86468,86474,86476,86478,86483,86485,86491,86493,86494,86505],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":84668,"depth":78,"text":86467},"What min() does",{"id":84689,"depth":78,"text":84690,"children":86469},[86470,86471,86472,86473],{"id":84774,"depth":85,"text":84777},{"id":84836,"depth":85,"text":84839},{"id":84886,"depth":85,"text":84889},{"id":84980,"depth":85,"text":84983},{"id":85042,"depth":78,"text":86475},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85177,"depth":78,"text":86477},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85324,"depth":78,"text":86479,"children":86480},"Using min() with a key function",[86481,86482],{"id":85352,"depth":85,"text":85353},{"id":85427,"depth":85,"text":85428},{"id":85649,"depth":78,"text":86484},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10715,"depth":78,"text":10716,"children":86486},[86487,86489,86490],{"id":85791,"depth":85,"text":86488},"Empty list without default",{"id":85881,"depth":85,"text":85882},{"id":86034,"depth":85,"text":86035},{"id":86181,"depth":78,"text":86492},"When to use min()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":86495},[86496,86498,86500,86501,86503],{"id":86371,"depth":85,"text":86497},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86379,"depth":85,"text":86499},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71595,"depth":85,"text":71596},{"id":86397,"depth":85,"text":86502},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86413,"depth":85,"text":86504},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84551,"description":86506},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86513,"title":86514,"body":86515,"description":88694,"extension":1927,"meta":88695,"navigation":81,"path":88696,"seo":88697,"stem":88698,"__hash__":88699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86516,"toc":88658},[86517,86520,86526,86532,86534,86615,86624,86628,86633,86635,86680,86682,86762,86768,86770,86773,86805,86807,86825,86827,86900,86902,86921,86925,86928,86964,86966,87033,87107,87180,87185,87189,87195,87198,87215,87218,87220,87281,87283,87303,87309,87313,87316,87386,87389,87408,87413,87489,87492,87496,87502,87506,87511,87581,87585,87590,87664,87668,87671,87746,87757,87761,87766,87856,87861,87929,87932,87951,87962,87966,87969,87974,87977,88039,88042,88053,88058,88061,88064,88069,88072,88075,88079,88082,88088,88091,88102,88104,88166,88181,88187,88190,88193,88204,88215,88221,88224,88226,88288,88298,88304,88309,88315,88319,88325,88328,88349,88351,88356,88383,88386,88413,88416,88455,88458,88496,88499,88560,88563,88565,88569,88572,88576,88582,88590,88598,88602,88605,88609,88615,88617,88655],[10,86518,86514],{"id":86519},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86521,86522,86525],{},[61,86523,86524],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86527,86528,86529,86531],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[61,86530,86524],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[49,86533,52],{"id":51},[54,86535,86537],{"className":56,"code":86536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[61,86538,86539,86588,86604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86540,86541,86544,86547,86549,86551,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566,86569,86571,86573,86576,86578,86580,86582,86586],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86542,86543],{"class":70},"with",[64,86545,86546],{"class":211}," open",[64,86548,144],{"class":95},[64,86550,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86552,86553],{"class":1422},"example.txt",[64,86555,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86557,103],{"class":95},[64,86559,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86561,60454],{"class":1422},[64,86563,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86565,103],{"class":95},[64,86567,86568],{"class":9147}," encoding",[64,86570,92],{"class":91},[64,86572,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86574,86575],{"class":1422},"utf-8",[64,86577,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86579,219],{"class":95},[64,86581,47316],{"class":70},[64,86583,86585],{"class":86584},"sMMDD"," file",[64,86587,6363],{"class":95},[64,86589,86590,86593,86595,86597,86599,86602],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,86591,86592],{"class":74},"    content ",[64,86594,92],{"class":91},[64,86596,86585],{"class":86584},[64,86598,137],{"class":95},[64,86600,86601],{"class":140},"read",[64,86603,366],{"class":95},[64,86605,86606,86608,86610,86613],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,86607,8039],{"class":211},[64,86609,144],{"class":95},[64,86611,86612],{"class":140},"content",[64,86614,150],{"class":95},[14,86616,256,86617,86619,86620,86623],{},[61,86618,86543],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[61,86621,86622],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[49,86625,86627],{"id":86626},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86629,86630,86632],{},[61,86631,86524],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86634,11432],{},[21,86636,86637,86640,86645,86650],{},[24,86638,86639],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[24,86641,40864,86642,86644],{},[37,86643,300],{}," read or write anything by itself",[24,86646,17375,86647],{},[37,86648,86649],{},"file object",[24,86651,86652,86653],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[21,86654,86655,86660,86665,86670,86675],{},[24,86656,86657],{},[61,86658,86659],{},"read()",[24,86661,86662],{},[61,86663,86664],{},"readline()",[24,86666,86667],{},[61,86668,86669],{},"readlines()",[24,86671,86672],{},[61,86673,86674],{},"write()",[24,86676,86677],{},[61,86678,86679],{},"close()",[14,86681,318],{},[54,86683,86685],{"className":56,"code":86684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[61,86686,86687,86726,86741,86751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86688,86689,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86690,86691],{"class":86584},"file",[64,86693,13241],{"class":91},[64,86695,86546],{"class":211},[64,86697,144],{"class":95},[64,86699,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86701,86553],{"class":1422},[64,86703,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86705,103],{"class":95},[64,86707,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86709,60454],{"class":1422},[64,86711,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86713,103],{"class":95},[64,86715,86568],{"class":9147},[64,86717,92],{"class":91},[64,86719,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86721,86575],{"class":1422},[64,86723,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86725,150],{"class":95},[64,86727,86728,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,86729,86730],{"class":74},"content ",[64,86732,92],{"class":91},[64,86734,86585],{"class":86584},[64,86736,137],{"class":95},[64,86738,86601],{"class":140},[64,86740,366],{"class":95},[64,86742,86743,86745,86747,86749],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,86744,212],{"class":211},[64,86746,144],{"class":95},[64,86748,86612],{"class":140},[64,86750,150],{"class":95},[64,86752,86753,86755,86757,86760],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,86754,86691],{"class":86584},[64,86756,137],{"class":95},[64,86758,86759],{"class":140},"close",[64,86761,366],{"class":95},[14,86763,86764,86765,86767],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[61,86766,86543],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[49,86769,2120],{"id":2119},[14,86771,86772],{},"A common form is:",[54,86774,86776],{"className":56,"code":86775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[61,86777,86778],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86779,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86781,42386],{"class":211},[64,86783,144],{"class":95},[64,86785,86691],{"class":86584},[64,86787,103],{"class":95},[64,86789,86790],{"class":140}," mode",[64,86792,103],{"class":95},[64,86794,86568],{"class":9147},[64,86796,92],{"class":91},[64,86798,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86800,86575],{"class":1422},[64,86802,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86804,150],{"class":95},[14,86806,64995],{},[21,86808,86809,86814,86819],{},[24,86810,86811,86813],{},[61,86812,86691],{}," is the file name or file path",[24,86815,86816,86818],{},[61,86817,20872],{}," controls how the file is opened",[24,86820,86821,86824],{},[61,86822,86823],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86826,318],{},[54,86828,86830],{"className":56,"code":86829,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[61,86831,86832,86875,86890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86833,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86871,86873],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86835,86543],{"class":70},[64,86837,86546],{"class":211},[64,86839,144],{"class":95},[64,86841,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86843,86844],{"class":1422},"notes.txt",[64,86846,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86848,103],{"class":95},[64,86850,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86852,60454],{"class":1422},[64,86854,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86856,103],{"class":95},[64,86858,86568],{"class":9147},[64,86860,92],{"class":91},[64,86862,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86864,86575],{"class":1422},[64,86866,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86868,219],{"class":95},[64,86870,47316],{"class":70},[64,86872,86585],{"class":86584},[64,86874,6363],{"class":95},[64,86876,86877,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,86878,86879],{"class":74},"    text ",[64,86881,92],{"class":91},[64,86883,86585],{"class":86584},[64,86885,137],{"class":95},[64,86887,86601],{"class":140},[64,86889,366],{"class":95},[64,86891,86892,86894,86896,86898],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,86893,8039],{"class":211},[64,86895,144],{"class":95},[64,86897,34666],{"class":140},[64,86899,150],{"class":95},[14,86901,19911],{},[21,86903,86904,86910,86915],{},[24,86905,86906,86909],{},[61,86907,86908],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[24,86911,86912,86914],{},[61,86913,86622],{}," means open for reading",[24,86916,86917,86920],{},[61,86918,86919],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[49,86922,86924],{"id":86923},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86926,86927],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[21,86929,86930,86935,86941,86946,86952,86958],{},[24,86931,86932,86934],{},[61,86933,86622],{}," = read a text file",[24,86936,86937,86940],{},[61,86938,86939],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[24,86942,86943,86945],{},[61,86944,18049],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[24,86947,86948,86951],{},[61,86949,86950],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[24,86953,86954,86957],{},[61,86955,86956],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[24,86959,86960,86963],{},[61,86961,86962],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86965,1151],{},[54,86967,86969],{"className":56,"code":86968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[61,86970,86971,86976,87019],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,86972,86973],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86974,86975],{"class":222},"# Read a text file\n",[64,86977,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,86979,86543],{"class":70},[64,86981,86546],{"class":211},[64,86983,144],{"class":95},[64,86985,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86987,86988],{"class":1422},"data.txt",[64,86990,1419],{"class":1418},[64,86992,103],{"class":95},[64,86994,3315],{"class":1418},[64,86996,60454],{"class":1422},[64,86998,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87000,103],{"class":95},[64,87002,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87004,92],{"class":91},[64,87006,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87008,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87010,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87012,219],{"class":95},[64,87014,47316],{"class":70},[64,87016,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87018,6363],{"class":95},[64,87020,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87022,8039],{"class":211},[64,87024,144],{"class":95},[64,87026,86691],{"class":86584},[64,87028,137],{"class":95},[64,87030,86601],{"class":140},[64,87032,7162],{"class":95},[54,87034,87036],{"className":56,"code":87035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[61,87037,87038,87043,87085],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87039,87040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87041,87042],{"class":222},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[64,87044,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87046,86543],{"class":70},[64,87048,86546],{"class":211},[64,87050,144],{"class":95},[64,87052,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87054,86988],{"class":1422},[64,87056,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87058,103],{"class":95},[64,87060,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87062,60437],{"class":1422},[64,87064,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87066,103],{"class":95},[64,87068,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87070,92],{"class":91},[64,87072,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87074,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87076,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87078,219],{"class":95},[64,87080,47316],{"class":70},[64,87082,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87084,6363],{"class":95},[64,87086,87087,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87103,87105],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87088,87089],{"class":86584},"    file",[64,87091,137],{"class":95},[64,87093,70145],{"class":140},[64,87095,144],{"class":95},[64,87097,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87099,34825],{"class":1422},[64,87101,87102],{"class":34410},"\\n",[64,87104,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87106,150],{"class":95},[54,87108,87110],{"className":56,"code":87109,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[61,87111,87112,87117,87159],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87113,87114],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87115,87116],{"class":222},"# Append to a text file\n",[64,87118,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87120,86543],{"class":70},[64,87122,86546],{"class":211},[64,87124,144],{"class":95},[64,87126,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87128,86988],{"class":1422},[64,87130,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87132,103],{"class":95},[64,87134,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87136,543],{"class":1422},[64,87138,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87140,103],{"class":95},[64,87142,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87144,92],{"class":91},[64,87146,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87148,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87150,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87152,219],{"class":95},[64,87154,47316],{"class":70},[64,87156,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87158,6363],{"class":95},[64,87160,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87174,87176,87178],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87162,87089],{"class":86584},[64,87164,137],{"class":95},[64,87166,70145],{"class":140},[64,87168,144],{"class":95},[64,87170,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87172,87173],{"class":1422},"Another line",[64,87175,87102],{"class":34410},[64,87177,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87179,150],{"class":95},[14,87181,69297,87182,87184],{},[61,87183,86939],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[49,87186,87188],{"id":87187},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87190,87191,21928,87193,137],{},[61,87192,86524],{},[37,87194,86649],{},[14,87196,87197],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[21,87199,87200,87205,87210],{},[24,87201,87202],{},[61,87203,87204],{},"file.read()",[24,87206,87207],{},[61,87208,87209],{},"file.write()",[24,87211,87212],{},[61,87213,87214],{},"file.close()",[14,87216,87217],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87219,318],{},[54,87221,87223],{"className":56,"code":87222,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[61,87224,87225,87267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87226,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87228,86543],{"class":70},[64,87230,86546],{"class":211},[64,87232,144],{"class":95},[64,87234,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87236,86553],{"class":1422},[64,87238,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87240,103],{"class":95},[64,87242,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87244,60454],{"class":1422},[64,87246,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87248,103],{"class":95},[64,87250,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87252,92],{"class":91},[64,87254,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87256,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87258,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87260,219],{"class":95},[64,87262,47316],{"class":70},[64,87264,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87266,6363],{"class":95},[64,87268,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87270,8039],{"class":211},[64,87272,144],{"class":95},[64,87274,1779],{"class":1778},[64,87276,144],{"class":95},[64,87278,86691],{"class":86584},[64,87280,1737],{"class":95},[14,87282,29984],{},[54,87284,87286],{"className":56,"code":87285,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[61,87287,87288],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87289,87290,87292,87294,87296,87299,87301],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87291,3250],{"class":91},[64,87293,3253],{"class":2029},[64,87295,3256],{"class":1418},[64,87297,87298],{"class":1422},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[64,87300,3261],{"class":1418},[64,87302,3264],{"class":91},[14,87304,87305,87306,87308],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[61,87307,86524],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[49,87310,87312],{"id":87311},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87314,87315],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[54,87317,87318],{"className":56,"code":86536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,87319,87320,87362,87376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87321,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87323,86543],{"class":70},[64,87325,86546],{"class":211},[64,87327,144],{"class":95},[64,87329,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87331,86553],{"class":1422},[64,87333,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87335,103],{"class":95},[64,87337,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87339,60454],{"class":1422},[64,87341,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87343,103],{"class":95},[64,87345,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87347,92],{"class":91},[64,87349,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87351,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87353,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87355,219],{"class":95},[64,87357,47316],{"class":70},[64,87359,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87361,6363],{"class":95},[64,87363,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87365,86592],{"class":74},[64,87367,92],{"class":91},[64,87369,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87371,137],{"class":95},[64,87373,86601],{"class":140},[64,87375,366],{"class":95},[64,87377,87378,87380,87382,87384],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87379,8039],{"class":211},[64,87381,144],{"class":95},[64,87383,86612],{"class":140},[64,87385,150],{"class":95},[14,87387,87388],{},"Why this is recommended:",[21,87390,87391,87396,87402,87405],{},[24,87392,87393,87395],{},[61,87394,86543],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[24,87397,87398,87399,87401],{},"It is safer than calling ",[61,87400,86679],{}," yourself",[24,87403,87404],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[24,87406,87407],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87409,83701,87410,87412],{},[61,87411,86543],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[54,87414,87415],{"className":56,"code":86684,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,87416,87417,87455,87469,87479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87418,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87420,86691],{"class":86584},[64,87422,13241],{"class":91},[64,87424,86546],{"class":211},[64,87426,144],{"class":95},[64,87428,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87430,86553],{"class":1422},[64,87432,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87434,103],{"class":95},[64,87436,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87438,60454],{"class":1422},[64,87440,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87442,103],{"class":95},[64,87444,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87446,92],{"class":91},[64,87448,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87450,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87452,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87454,150],{"class":95},[64,87456,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87458,86730],{"class":74},[64,87460,92],{"class":91},[64,87462,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87464,137],{"class":95},[64,87466,86601],{"class":140},[64,87468,366],{"class":95},[64,87470,87471,87473,87475,87477],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87472,212],{"class":211},[64,87474,144],{"class":95},[64,87476,86612],{"class":140},[64,87478,150],{"class":95},[64,87480,87481,87483,87485,87487],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,87482,86691],{"class":86584},[64,87484,137],{"class":95},[64,87486,86759],{"class":140},[64,87488,366],{"class":95},[14,87490,87491],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[49,87493,87495],{"id":87494},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87497,87498,87499,87501],{},"Use mode ",[61,87500,86622],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[816,87503,87505],{"id":87504},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87507,87508,87510],{},[61,87509,86659],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[54,87512,87513],{"className":56,"code":86536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,87514,87515,87557,87571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87516,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87518,86543],{"class":70},[64,87520,86546],{"class":211},[64,87522,144],{"class":95},[64,87524,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87526,86553],{"class":1422},[64,87528,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87530,103],{"class":95},[64,87532,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87534,60454],{"class":1422},[64,87536,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87538,103],{"class":95},[64,87540,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87542,92],{"class":91},[64,87544,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87546,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87548,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87550,219],{"class":95},[64,87552,47316],{"class":70},[64,87554,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87556,6363],{"class":95},[64,87558,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87560,86592],{"class":74},[64,87562,92],{"class":91},[64,87564,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87566,137],{"class":95},[64,87568,86601],{"class":140},[64,87570,366],{"class":95},[64,87572,87573,87575,87577,87579],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87574,8039],{"class":211},[64,87576,144],{"class":95},[64,87578,86612],{"class":140},[64,87580,150],{"class":95},[816,87582,87584],{"id":87583},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87586,87587,87589],{},[61,87588,86664],{}," reads one line at a time.",[54,87591,87593],{"className":56,"code":87592,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[61,87594,87595,87637,87653],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87596,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87598,86543],{"class":70},[64,87600,86546],{"class":211},[64,87602,144],{"class":95},[64,87604,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87606,86553],{"class":1422},[64,87608,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87610,103],{"class":95},[64,87612,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87614,60454],{"class":1422},[64,87616,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87618,103],{"class":95},[64,87620,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87622,92],{"class":91},[64,87624,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87626,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87628,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87630,219],{"class":95},[64,87632,47316],{"class":70},[64,87634,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87636,6363],{"class":95},[64,87638,87639,87642,87644,87646,87648,87651],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87640,87641],{"class":74},"    first_line ",[64,87643,92],{"class":91},[64,87645,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87647,137],{"class":95},[64,87649,87650],{"class":140},"readline",[64,87652,366],{"class":95},[64,87654,87655,87657,87659,87662],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87656,8039],{"class":211},[64,87658,144],{"class":95},[64,87660,87661],{"class":140},"first_line",[64,87663,150],{"class":95},[816,87665,87667],{"id":87666},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87669,87670],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[54,87672,87674],{"className":56,"code":87673,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[61,87675,87676,87718,87732],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87677,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87679,86543],{"class":70},[64,87681,86546],{"class":211},[64,87683,144],{"class":95},[64,87685,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87687,86553],{"class":1422},[64,87689,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87691,103],{"class":95},[64,87693,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87695,60454],{"class":1422},[64,87697,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87699,103],{"class":95},[64,87701,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87703,92],{"class":91},[64,87705,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87707,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87709,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87711,219],{"class":95},[64,87713,47316],{"class":70},[64,87715,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87717,6363],{"class":95},[64,87719,87720,87723,87726,87728,87730],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87721,87722],{"class":70},"    for",[64,87724,87725],{"class":74}," line ",[64,87727,3847],{"class":70},[64,87729,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87731,6363],{"class":95},[64,87733,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87735,47296],{"class":211},[64,87737,144],{"class":95},[64,87739,66],{"class":140},[64,87741,137],{"class":95},[64,87743,8605],{"class":140},[64,87745,7162],{"class":95},[14,87747,87748,87749,2839,87753,137],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[543,87750,87752],{"href":87751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[543,87754,87756],{"href":87755},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[49,87758,87760],{"id":87759},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87762,256,87763,87765],{},[61,87764,86939],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[54,87767,87769],{"className":56,"code":87768,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[61,87770,87771,87814,87835],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87772,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87774,86543],{"class":70},[64,87776,86546],{"class":211},[64,87778,144],{"class":95},[64,87780,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87782,87783],{"class":1422},"output.txt",[64,87785,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87787,103],{"class":95},[64,87789,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87791,60437],{"class":1422},[64,87793,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87795,103],{"class":95},[64,87797,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87799,92],{"class":91},[64,87801,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87803,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87805,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87807,219],{"class":95},[64,87809,47316],{"class":70},[64,87811,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87813,6363],{"class":95},[64,87815,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87829,87831,87833],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87817,87089],{"class":86584},[64,87819,137],{"class":95},[64,87821,70145],{"class":140},[64,87823,144],{"class":95},[64,87825,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87827,87828],{"class":1422},"First line",[64,87830,87102],{"class":34410},[64,87832,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87834,150],{"class":95},[64,87836,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87850,87852,87854],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,87838,87089],{"class":86584},[64,87840,137],{"class":95},[64,87842,70145],{"class":140},[64,87844,144],{"class":95},[64,87846,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87848,87849],{"class":1422},"Second line",[64,87851,87102],{"class":34410},[64,87853,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87855,150],{"class":95},[14,87857,256,87858,87860],{},[61,87859,18049],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[54,87862,87864],{"className":56,"code":87863,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[61,87865,87866,87908],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87867,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892,87894,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87869,86543],{"class":70},[64,87871,86546],{"class":211},[64,87873,144],{"class":95},[64,87875,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87877,87783],{"class":1422},[64,87879,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87881,103],{"class":95},[64,87883,3315],{"class":1418},[64,87885,543],{"class":1422},[64,87887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87889,103],{"class":95},[64,87891,86568],{"class":9147},[64,87893,92],{"class":91},[64,87895,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87897,86575],{"class":1422},[64,87899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87901,219],{"class":95},[64,87903,47316],{"class":70},[64,87905,86585],{"class":86584},[64,87907,6363],{"class":95},[64,87909,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87923,87925,87927],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,87911,87089],{"class":86584},[64,87913,137],{"class":95},[64,87915,70145],{"class":140},[64,87917,144],{"class":95},[64,87919,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87921,87922],{"class":1422},"Third line",[64,87924,87102],{"class":34410},[64,87926,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87928,150],{"class":95},[14,87930,87931],{},"Important detail:",[21,87933,87934,87939,87946],{},[24,87935,87936,87938],{},[61,87937,86674],{}," writes a string",[24,87940,87941,14015,87943,87945],{},[61,87942,86674],{},[37,87944,300],{}," add a newline for you",[24,87947,87948,87949,87401],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[61,87950,87102],{},[14,87952,87953,87954,2839,87958,137],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[543,87955,87957],{"href":87956},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[543,87959,87961],{"href":87960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[49,87963,87965],{"id":87964},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87967,87968],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[816,87970,87972],{"id":87971},"encodingutf-8",[61,87973,86919],{},[14,87975,87976],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[54,87978,87980],{"className":56,"code":87979,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[61,87981,87982,88025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,87983,87984,87986,87988,87990,87992,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87985,86543],{"class":70},[64,87987,86546],{"class":211},[64,87989,144],{"class":95},[64,87991,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87993,87994],{"class":1422},"message.txt",[64,87996,1419],{"class":1418},[64,87998,103],{"class":95},[64,88000,3315],{"class":1418},[64,88002,60454],{"class":1422},[64,88004,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88006,103],{"class":95},[64,88008,86568],{"class":9147},[64,88010,92],{"class":91},[64,88012,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88014,86575],{"class":1422},[64,88016,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88018,219],{"class":95},[64,88020,47316],{"class":70},[64,88022,86585],{"class":86584},[64,88024,6363],{"class":95},[64,88026,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88028,8039],{"class":211},[64,88030,144],{"class":95},[64,88032,86691],{"class":86584},[64,88034,137],{"class":95},[64,88036,86601],{"class":140},[64,88038,7162],{"class":95},[14,88040,88041],{},"Why it matters:",[21,88043,88044,88047,88050],{},[24,88045,88046],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[24,88048,88049],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[24,88051,88052],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[816,88054,88056],{"id":88055},"newline",[61,88057,88055],{},[14,88059,88060],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88062,88063],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[816,88065,88067],{"id":88066},"buffering",[61,88068,88066],{},[14,88070,88071],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88073,88074],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[49,88076,88078],{"id":88077},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88080,88081],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[816,88083,88085],{"id":88084},"filenotfounderror",[61,88086,88087],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88089,88090],{},"This happens when:",[21,88092,88093,88096,88099],{},[24,88094,88095],{},"the file does not exist",[24,88097,88098],{},"the path is wrong",[24,88100,88101],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88103,318],{},[54,88105,88107],{"className":56,"code":88106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[61,88108,88109,88152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88110,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88112,86543],{"class":70},[64,88114,86546],{"class":211},[64,88116,144],{"class":95},[64,88118,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88120,88121],{"class":1422},"missing.txt",[64,88123,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88125,103],{"class":95},[64,88127,3315],{"class":1418},[64,88129,60454],{"class":1422},[64,88131,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88133,103],{"class":95},[64,88135,86568],{"class":9147},[64,88137,92],{"class":91},[64,88139,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88141,86575],{"class":1422},[64,88143,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88145,219],{"class":95},[64,88147,47316],{"class":70},[64,88149,86585],{"class":86584},[64,88151,6363],{"class":95},[64,88153,88154,88156,88158,88160,88162,88164],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88155,8039],{"class":211},[64,88157,144],{"class":95},[64,88159,86691],{"class":86584},[64,88161,137],{"class":95},[64,88163,86601],{"class":140},[64,88165,7162],{"class":95},[14,88167,88168,88169,40,88177,137],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[543,88170,88172,88173,88176],{"href":88171},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[64,88174,88175],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[543,88178,88180],{"href":88179},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[816,88182,88184],{"id":88183},"permissionerror",[61,88185,88186],{},"PermissionError",[14,88188,88189],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88191,88192],{},"Example causes:",[21,88194,88195,88198,88201],{},[24,88196,88197],{},"the file is protected",[24,88199,88200],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[24,88202,88203],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88205,88206,88207],{},"Related page: ",[543,88208,88210,88211,88214],{"href":88209},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[64,88212,88213],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[816,88216,88218],{"id":88217},"isadirectoryerror",[61,88219,88220],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88222,88223],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88225,318],{},[54,88227,88229],{"className":56,"code":88228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[61,88230,88231,88274],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88232,88233,88235,88237,88239,88241,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88234,86543],{"class":70},[64,88236,86546],{"class":211},[64,88238,144],{"class":95},[64,88240,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88242,88243],{"class":1422},"my_folder",[64,88245,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88247,103],{"class":95},[64,88249,3315],{"class":1418},[64,88251,60454],{"class":1422},[64,88253,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88255,103],{"class":95},[64,88257,86568],{"class":9147},[64,88259,92],{"class":91},[64,88261,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88263,86575],{"class":1422},[64,88265,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88267,219],{"class":95},[64,88269,47316],{"class":70},[64,88271,86585],{"class":86584},[64,88273,6363],{"class":95},[64,88275,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88277,8039],{"class":211},[64,88279,144],{"class":95},[64,88281,86691],{"class":86584},[64,88283,137],{"class":95},[64,88285,86601],{"class":140},[64,88287,7162],{"class":95},[14,88289,88206,88290],{},[543,88291,88293,88294,88297],{"href":88292},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[64,88295,88296],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[816,88299,88301],{"id":88300},"unicodedecodeerror",[61,88302,88303],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88305,88306,88307,137],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[61,88308,86524],{},[14,88310,88206,88311],{},[543,88312,88314],{"href":88313},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[49,88316,88318],{"id":88317},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88320,88321,88322,88324],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[61,88323,86524],{}," function.",[14,88326,88327],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[21,88329,88330,88333,88336,88342],{},[24,88331,88332],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[24,88334,88335],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[24,88337,88338,88339,88341],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[61,88340,86524],{}," itself",[24,88343,88344,88345],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[543,88346,88348],{"href":88347},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[49,88350,1646],{"id":1645},[14,88352,88353,88354,1117],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[61,88355,86524],{},[21,88357,88358,88363,88369,88374,88377,88380],{},[24,88359,1654,88360,88362],{},[61,88361,86622],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[24,88364,88365,88366,88368],{},"Forgetting to use ",[61,88367,86823],{}," for text files",[24,88370,1654,88371,88373],{},[61,88372,86939],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[24,88375,88376],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[24,88378,88379],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[24,88381,88382],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88384,88385],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[54,88387,88389],{"className":56,"code":88388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[61,88390,88391,88398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88392,88393,88395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88394,71],{"class":70},[64,88396,88397],{"class":74}," os\n",[64,88399,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88411],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88401,212],{"class":211},[64,88403,144],{"class":95},[64,88405,42585],{"class":140},[64,88407,137],{"class":95},[64,88409,88410],{"class":140},"getcwd",[64,88412,7162],{"class":95},[14,88414,88415],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[54,88417,88419],{"className":56,"code":88418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[61,88420,88421,88427],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88422,88423,88425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88424,71],{"class":70},[64,88426,88397],{"class":74},[64,88428,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437,88440,88442,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88430,212],{"class":211},[64,88432,144],{"class":95},[64,88434,42585],{"class":140},[64,88436,137],{"class":95},[64,88438,88439],{"class":24704},"path",[64,88441,137],{"class":95},[64,88443,88444],{"class":140},"exists",[64,88446,144],{"class":95},[64,88448,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88450,86553],{"class":1422},[64,88452,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88454,1737],{"class":95},[14,88456,88457],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[54,88459,88461],{"className":56,"code":88460,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[61,88462,88463,88469],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88464,88465,88467],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88466,71],{"class":70},[64,88468,88397],{"class":74},[64,88470,88471,88473,88475,88477,88479,88481,88483,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88472,212],{"class":211},[64,88474,144],{"class":95},[64,88476,42585],{"class":140},[64,88478,137],{"class":95},[64,88480,88439],{"class":24704},[64,88482,137],{"class":95},[64,88484,88485],{"class":140},"isfile",[64,88487,144],{"class":95},[64,88489,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88491,86553],{"class":1422},[64,88493,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88495,1737],{"class":95},[14,88497,88498],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[54,88500,88502],{"className":56,"code":88501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[61,88503,88504,88546],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88505,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88532,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542,88544],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88507,86543],{"class":70},[64,88509,86546],{"class":211},[64,88511,144],{"class":95},[64,88513,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88515,86553],{"class":1422},[64,88517,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88519,103],{"class":95},[64,88521,3315],{"class":1418},[64,88523,60454],{"class":1422},[64,88525,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88527,103],{"class":95},[64,88529,86568],{"class":9147},[64,88531,92],{"class":91},[64,88533,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88535,86575],{"class":1422},[64,88537,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88539,219],{"class":95},[64,88541,47316],{"class":70},[64,88543,86585],{"class":86584},[64,88545,6363],{"class":95},[64,88547,88548,88550,88552,88554,88556,88558],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88549,8039],{"class":211},[64,88551,144],{"class":95},[64,88553,86691],{"class":86584},[64,88555,137],{"class":95},[64,88557,86601],{"class":140},[64,88559,7162],{"class":95},[14,88561,88562],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[49,88564,1826],{"id":1825},[816,88566,88568],{"id":88567},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88570,88571],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[816,88573,88575],{"id":88574},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88577,88578,88579,88581],{},"Use it inside a ",[61,88580,86543],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[816,88583,5145,88585,40,88587,88589],{"id":88584},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[61,88586,86939],{},[61,88588,18049],{}," mode?",[14,88591,88592,88594,88595,88597],{},[61,88593,86939],{}," overwrites the file. ",[61,88596,18049],{}," adds new content to the end.",[816,88599,88601],{"id":88600},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88603,88604],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[816,88606,88608],{"id":88607},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88610,88611,88612,88614],{},"It is a good habit. ",[61,88613,86919],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[49,88616,1865],{"id":1864},[21,88618,88619,88623,88627,88631,88635,88639,88643,88649],{},[24,88620,88621],{},[543,88622,87752],{"href":87751},[24,88624,88625],{},[543,88626,87957],{"href":87956},[24,88628,88629],{},[543,88630,87961],{"href":87960},[24,88632,88633],{},[543,88634,87756],{"href":87755},[24,88636,88637],{},[543,88638,88348],{"href":88347},[24,88640,88641],{},[543,88642,88180],{"href":88179},[24,88644,88645],{},[543,88646,88172,88647,88176],{"href":88171},[64,88648,88175],{},[24,88650,88651],{},[543,88652,88210,88653,88214],{"href":88209},[64,88654,88213],{},[1898,88656,88657],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":88659},[88660,88661,88662,88663,88664,88665,88666,88671,88672,88677,88683,88684,88685,88693],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":86626,"depth":78,"text":86627},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":86923,"depth":78,"text":86924},{"id":87187,"depth":78,"text":87188},{"id":87311,"depth":78,"text":87312},{"id":87494,"depth":78,"text":87495,"children":88667},[88668,88669,88670],{"id":87504,"depth":85,"text":87505},{"id":87583,"depth":85,"text":87584},{"id":87666,"depth":85,"text":87667},{"id":87759,"depth":78,"text":87760},{"id":87964,"depth":78,"text":87965,"children":88673},[88674,88675,88676],{"id":87971,"depth":85,"text":86919},{"id":88055,"depth":85,"text":88055},{"id":88066,"depth":85,"text":88066},{"id":88077,"depth":78,"text":88078,"children":88678},[88679,88680,88681,88682],{"id":88084,"depth":85,"text":88087},{"id":88183,"depth":85,"text":88186},{"id":88217,"depth":85,"text":88220},{"id":88300,"depth":85,"text":88303},{"id":88317,"depth":78,"text":88318},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":88686},[88687,88688,88689,88691,88692],{"id":88567,"depth":85,"text":88568},{"id":88574,"depth":85,"text":88575},{"id":88584,"depth":85,"text":88690},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88600,"depth":85,"text":88601},{"id":88607,"depth":85,"text":88608},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86514,"description":88694},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88701,"title":88702,"body":88703,"description":90698,"extension":1927,"meta":90699,"navigation":81,"path":90700,"seo":90701,"stem":90702,"__hash__":90703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88704,"toc":90645},[88705,88710,88715,88721,88723,88791,88793,88812,88817,88822,88827,88830,88842,88844,88887,88889,88907,88918,88920,88922,88947,88949,88960,88962,89022,89024,89050,89053,89057,89062,89066,89069,89103,89107,89110,89135,89139,89162,89166,89199,89204,89208,89213,89216,89284,89286,89310,89315,89318,89349,89351,89383,89400,89404,89409,89433,89440,89445,89450,89453,89457,89492,89494,89503,89507,89598,89600,89631,89636,89643,89648,89657,89660,89694,89696,89710,89714,89755,89757,89766,89770,89818,89820,89834,89839,89850,89857,89863,89865,89900,89902,89916,89919,89941,89947,89976,89987,89993,89999,90013,90015,90094,90096,90146,90153,90155,90160,90164,90167,90182,90187,90189,90208,90214,90217,90232,90234,90252,90258,90263,90293,90296,90319,90322,90349,90356,90362,90370,90393,90398,90406,90408,90428,90432,90438,90488,90491,90513,90515,90521,90529,90535,90541,90549,90554,90558,90561,90584,90589,90596,90608,90610,90642],[10,88706,1877,88708,3542],{"id":88707},"python-print-function-explained",[61,88709,46410],{},[14,88711,32273,88712,88714],{},[61,88713,46410],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88716,88717,88718,88720],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[61,88719,46410],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[49,88722,52],{"id":51},[54,88724,88726],{"className":56,"code":88725,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[61,88727,88728,88740,88749,88753,88763,88773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88729,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88731,7846],{"class":74},[64,88733,92],{"class":91},[64,88735,3315],{"class":1418},[64,88737,7891],{"class":1422},[64,88739,3321],{"class":1418},[64,88741,88742,88744,88746],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88743,21581],{"class":74},[64,88745,92],{"class":91},[64,88747,88748],{"class":99}," 12\n",[64,88750,88751],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,88752,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,88754,88755,88757,88759,88761],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,88756,212],{"class":211},[64,88758,144],{"class":95},[64,88760,7637],{"class":140},[64,88762,150],{"class":95},[64,88764,88765,88767,88769,88771],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,88766,212],{"class":211},[64,88768,144],{"class":95},[64,88770,9270],{"class":140},[64,88772,150],{"class":95},[64,88774,88775,88777,88779,88781,88783,88785,88787,88789],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,88776,212],{"class":211},[64,88778,144],{"class":95},[64,88780,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88782,34825],{"class":1422},[64,88784,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88786,103],{"class":95},[64,88788,35949],{"class":140},[64,88790,150],{"class":95},[14,88792,2035],{},[54,88794,88796],{"className":56,"code":88795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[61,88797,88798,88803,88807],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88799,88800],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88801,88802],{"class":74},"Mia\n",[64,88804,88805],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88806,2189],{"class":99},[64,88808,88809],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,88810,88811],{"class":74},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88813,256,88814,88816],{},[61,88815,46410],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[49,88818,3639,88820,3642],{"id":88819},"what-print-does",[61,88821,46410],{},[14,88823,88824,88826],{},[61,88825,46410],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88828,88829],{},"You can use it to display:",[21,88831,88832,88834,88836,88839],{},[24,88833,34666],{},[24,88835,3611],{},[24,88837,88838],{},"variables",[24,88840,88841],{},"expressions",[14,88843,318],{},[54,88845,88847],{"className":56,"code":88846,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[61,88848,88849,88863,88873],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88850,88851,88853,88855,88857,88859,88861],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88852,212],{"class":211},[64,88854,144],{"class":95},[64,88856,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88858,34825],{"class":1422},[64,88860,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88862,150],{"class":95},[64,88864,88865,88867,88869,88871],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88866,212],{"class":211},[64,88868,144],{"class":95},[64,88870,385],{"class":99},[64,88872,150],{"class":95},[64,88874,88875,88877,88879,88881,88883,88885],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,88876,212],{"class":211},[64,88878,144],{"class":95},[64,88880,2021],{"class":99},[64,88882,2418],{"class":91},[64,88884,743],{"class":99},[64,88886,150],{"class":95},[14,88888,2035],{},[54,88890,88892],{"className":56,"code":88891,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[61,88893,88894,88899,88903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88895,88896],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88897,88898],{"class":74},"Hello\n",[64,88900,88901],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88902,2908],{"class":99},[64,88904,88905],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,88906,2908],{"class":99},[14,88908,88909,88910,88912,88913,88917],{},"A very important detail is that ",[61,88911,46410],{}," ",[37,88914,3654,88915],{},[61,88916,3741],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[49,88919,2120],{"id":2119},[14,88921,30680],{},[54,88923,88925],{"className":56,"code":88924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[61,88926,88927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88928,88929,88931,88933,88936,88938,88941,88943,88945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88930,212],{"class":211},[64,88932,144],{"class":95},[64,88934,88935],{"class":140},"object1",[64,88937,103],{"class":95},[64,88939,88940],{"class":140}," object2",[64,88942,103],{"class":95},[64,88944,34411],{"class":211},[64,88946,150],{"class":95},[14,88948,80152],{},[21,88950,88951,88954,88957],{},[24,88952,88953],{},"one value",[24,88955,88956],{},"many values",[24,88958,88959],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88961,318],{},[54,88963,88965],{"className":56,"code":88964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[61,88966,88967,88981,89000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,88968,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977,88979],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88970,212],{"class":211},[64,88972,144],{"class":95},[64,88974,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88976,57717],{"class":1422},[64,88978,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88980,150],{"class":95},[64,88982,88983,88985,88987,88989,88992,88994,88996,88998],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,88984,212],{"class":211},[64,88986,144],{"class":95},[64,88988,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88990,88991],{"class":1422},"Score:",[64,88993,1419],{"class":1418},[64,88995,103],{"class":95},[64,88997,5973],{"class":99},[64,88999,150],{"class":95},[64,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012,89014,89016,89018,89020],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,89003,212],{"class":211},[64,89005,144],{"class":95},[64,89007,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89009,45521],{"class":1422},[64,89011,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89013,103],{"class":95},[64,89015,120],{"class":99},[64,89017,2418],{"class":91},[64,89019,390],{"class":99},[64,89021,150],{"class":95},[14,89023,2035],{},[54,89025,89027],{"className":56,"code":89026,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[61,89028,89029,89033,89042],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89030,89031],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89032,85305],{"class":74},[64,89034,89035,89038,89040],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89036,89037],{"class":74},"Score",[64,89039,1117],{"class":95},[64,89041,1583],{"class":99},[64,89043,89044,89046,89048],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,89045,45561],{"class":74},[64,89047,1117],{"class":95},[64,89049,1583],{"class":99},[14,89051,89052],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[49,89054,89056],{"id":89055},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89058,89059,89060,137],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[61,89061,46410],{},[816,89063,89065],{"id":89064},"print-text","Print text",[14,89067,89068],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[54,89070,89072],{"className":56,"code":89071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[61,89073,89074,89088],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89075,89076,89078,89080,89082,89084,89086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89077,212],{"class":211},[64,89079,144],{"class":95},[64,89081,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89083,34825],{"class":1422},[64,89085,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89087,150],{"class":95},[64,89089,89090,89092,89094,89096,89099,89101],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89091,212],{"class":211},[64,89093,144],{"class":95},[64,89095,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89097,89098],{"class":1422},"Python is fun",[64,89100,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89102,150],{"class":95},[816,89104,89106],{"id":89105},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89108,89109],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[54,89111,89113],{"className":56,"code":89112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[61,89114,89115,89125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89116,89117,89119,89121,89123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89118,212],{"class":211},[64,89120,144],{"class":95},[64,89122,385],{"class":99},[64,89124,150],{"class":95},[64,89126,89127,89129,89131,89133],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89128,212],{"class":211},[64,89130,144],{"class":95},[64,89132,40101],{"class":99},[64,89134,150],{"class":95},[816,89136,89138],{"id":89137},"print-variables","Print variables",[54,89140,89142],{"className":56,"code":89141,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[61,89143,89144,89152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89145,89146,89148,89150],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89147,5060],{"class":74},[64,89149,92],{"class":91},[64,89151,14091],{"class":99},[64,89153,89154,89156,89158,89160],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89155,212],{"class":211},[64,89157,144],{"class":95},[64,89159,85469],{"class":140},[64,89161,150],{"class":95},[816,89163,89165],{"id":89164},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[54,89167,89169],{"className":56,"code":89168,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[61,89170,89171,89185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89172,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89174,212],{"class":211},[64,89176,144],{"class":95},[64,89178,2021],{"class":99},[64,89180,2418],{"class":91},[64,89182,743],{"class":99},[64,89184,150],{"class":95},[64,89186,89187,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89188,212],{"class":211},[64,89190,144],{"class":95},[64,89192,1432],{"class":99},[64,89194,82781],{"class":91},[64,89196,120],{"class":99},[64,89198,150],{"class":95},[14,89200,89201,89202,137],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[543,89203,50935],{"href":50934},[49,89205,89207],{"id":89206},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89209,89210,89212],{},[61,89211,46410],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89214,89215],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[54,89217,89219],{"className":56,"code":89218,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[61,89220,89221,89234,89242,89246,89265],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89222,89223,89225,89227,89229,89232],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89224,7846],{"class":74},[64,89226,92],{"class":91},[64,89228,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89230,89231],{"class":1422},"Ava",[64,89233,3321],{"class":1418},[64,89235,89236,89238,89240],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89237,21581],{"class":74},[64,89239,92],{"class":91},[64,89241,1583],{"class":99},[64,89243,89244],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,89245,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,89247,89248,89250,89252,89254,89257,89259,89261,89263],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,89249,212],{"class":211},[64,89251,144],{"class":95},[64,89253,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89255,89256],{"class":1422},"Name:",[64,89258,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89260,103],{"class":95},[64,89262,35949],{"class":140},[64,89264,150],{"class":95},[64,89266,89267,89269,89271,89273,89276,89278,89280,89282],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,89268,212],{"class":211},[64,89270,144],{"class":95},[64,89272,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89274,89275],{"class":1422},"Age:",[64,89277,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89279,103],{"class":95},[64,89281,9160],{"class":140},[64,89283,150],{"class":95},[14,89285,2035],{},[54,89287,89289],{"className":56,"code":89288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[61,89290,89291,89301],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89292,89293,89296,89298],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89294,89295],{"class":74},"Name",[64,89297,1117],{"class":95},[64,89299,89300],{"class":74}," Ava\n",[64,89302,89303,89306,89308],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89304,89305],{"class":74},"Age",[64,89307,1117],{"class":95},[64,89309,1583],{"class":99},[14,89311,89312,89313,137],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[61,89314,2024],{},[14,89316,89317],{},"For example, this works:",[54,89319,89321],{"className":56,"code":89320,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[61,89322,89323,89331],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89324,89325,89327,89329],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89326,21581],{"class":74},[64,89328,92],{"class":91},[64,89330,1583],{"class":99},[64,89332,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89334,212],{"class":211},[64,89336,144],{"class":95},[64,89338,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89340,89275],{"class":1422},[64,89342,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89344,103],{"class":95},[64,89346,9160],{"class":140},[64,89348,150],{"class":95},[14,89350,36883],{},[54,89352,89354],{"className":56,"code":89353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[61,89355,89356,89364],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89357,89358,89360,89362],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89359,21581],{"class":74},[64,89361,92],{"class":91},[64,89363,1583],{"class":99},[64,89365,89366,89368,89370,89372,89375,89377,89379,89381],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89367,212],{"class":211},[64,89369,144],{"class":95},[64,89371,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89373,89374],{"class":1422},"Age: ",[64,89376,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89378,2418],{"class":91},[64,89380,9160],{"class":140},[64,89382,150],{"class":95},[14,89384,89385,89386,89389,89390,89392,89393,89395,89396,137],{},"That fails because ",[61,89387,89388],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[61,89391,9270],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[61,89394,2024],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[543,89397,89398],{"href":42134},[61,89399,47641],{},[49,89401,89403],{"id":89402},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89405,89406,89408],{},[61,89407,46410],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[21,89410,89411,89417,89422,89427],{},[24,89412,89413,89416],{},[61,89414,89415],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[24,89418,89419,89421],{},[61,89420,52620],{}," controls what is added after the output",[24,89423,89424,89426],{},[61,89425,86691],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[24,89428,89429,89432],{},[61,89430,89431],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89434,89435,89436,40,89438,137],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[61,89437,89415],{},[61,89439,52620],{},[49,89441,89443,36573],{"id":89442},"sep-argument",[61,89444,89415],{},[14,89446,1944,89447,89449],{},[61,89448,89415],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89451,89452],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[816,89454,89456],{"id":89455},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[54,89458,89460],{"className":56,"code":89459,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[61,89461,89462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89463,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488,89490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89465,212],{"class":211},[64,89467,144],{"class":95},[64,89469,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89471,13058],{"class":1422},[64,89473,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89475,103],{"class":95},[64,89477,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89479,17409],{"class":1422},[64,89481,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89483,103],{"class":95},[64,89485,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89487,13075],{"class":1422},[64,89489,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89491,150],{"class":95},[14,89493,2035],{},[54,89495,89497],{"className":56,"code":89496,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red green blue\n",[61,89498,89499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89500,89501],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89502,89496],{"class":74},[816,89504,89506],{"id":89505},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[54,89508,89510],{"className":56,"code":89509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[61,89511,89512,89555],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89513,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89515,212],{"class":211},[64,89517,144],{"class":95},[64,89519,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89521,13058],{"class":1422},[64,89523,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89525,103],{"class":95},[64,89527,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89529,17409],{"class":1422},[64,89531,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89533,103],{"class":95},[64,89535,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89537,13075],{"class":1422},[64,89539,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89541,103],{"class":95},[64,89543,89544],{"class":9147}," sep",[64,89546,92],{"class":91},[64,89548,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89550,103],{"class":1422},[64,89552,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89554,150],{"class":95},[64,89556,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575,89577,89579,89581,89583,89585,89587,89589,89591,89594,89596],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89558,212],{"class":211},[64,89560,144],{"class":95},[64,89562,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89564,13058],{"class":1422},[64,89566,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89568,103],{"class":95},[64,89570,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89572,17409],{"class":1422},[64,89574,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89576,103],{"class":95},[64,89578,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89580,13075],{"class":1422},[64,89582,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89584,103],{"class":95},[64,89586,89544],{"class":9147},[64,89588,92],{"class":91},[64,89590,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89592,89593],{"class":1422}," - ",[64,89595,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89597,150],{"class":95},[14,89599,2035],{},[54,89601,89603],{"className":56,"code":89602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[61,89604,89605,89617],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89606,89607,89609,89611,89613,89615],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89608,13058],{"class":74},[64,89610,103],{"class":95},[64,89612,17409],{"class":74},[64,89614,103],{"class":95},[64,89616,69931],{"class":74},[64,89618,89619,89622,89624,89627,89629],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89620,89621],{"class":74},"red ",[64,89623,1986],{"class":91},[64,89625,89626],{"class":74}," green ",[64,89628,1986],{"class":91},[64,89630,35838],{"class":74},[14,89632,89633,89635],{},[61,89634,89415],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89637,89638,89639,137],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[543,89640,89642],{"href":89641},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[49,89644,89646,36573],{"id":89645},"end-argument",[61,89647,52620],{},[14,89649,89650,89651,89653,89654,89656],{},"By default, ",[61,89652,46410],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[61,89655,46410],{}," starts on a new line.",[816,89658,89456],{"id":89659},"default-behavior-1",[54,89661,89663],{"className":56,"code":89662,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[61,89664,89665,89679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89666,89667,89669,89671,89673,89675,89677],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89668,212],{"class":211},[64,89670,144],{"class":95},[64,89672,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89674,34825],{"class":1422},[64,89676,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89678,150],{"class":95},[64,89680,89681,89683,89685,89687,89690,89692],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89682,212],{"class":211},[64,89684,144],{"class":95},[64,89686,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89688,89689],{"class":1422},"World",[64,89691,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89693,150],{"class":95},[14,89695,2035],{},[54,89697,89699],{"className":56,"code":89698,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello\nWorld\n",[61,89700,89701,89705],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89702,89703],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89704,88898],{"class":74},[64,89706,89707],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89708,89709],{"class":74},"World\n",[816,89711,89713],{"id":89712},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[54,89715,89717],{"className":56,"code":89716,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[61,89718,89719,89741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89720,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89722,212],{"class":211},[64,89724,144],{"class":95},[64,89726,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89728,34825],{"class":1422},[64,89730,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89732,103],{"class":95},[64,89734,64990],{"class":9147},[64,89736,92],{"class":91},[64,89738,6241],{"class":1418},[64,89740,150],{"class":95},[64,89742,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89744,212],{"class":211},[64,89746,144],{"class":95},[64,89748,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89750,89689],{"class":1422},[64,89752,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89754,150],{"class":95},[14,89756,2035],{},[54,89758,89760],{"className":56,"code":89759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HelloWorld\n",[61,89761,89762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89763,89764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89765,89759],{"class":74},[816,89767,89769],{"id":89768},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[54,89771,89773],{"className":56,"code":89772,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[61,89774,89775,89804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89776,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795,89798,89800,89802],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89778,212],{"class":211},[64,89780,144],{"class":95},[64,89782,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89784,34825],{"class":1422},[64,89786,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89788,103],{"class":95},[64,89790,64990],{"class":9147},[64,89792,92],{"class":91},[64,89794,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89796,89797],{"class":1422},"!",[64,89799,87102],{"class":34410},[64,89801,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89803,150],{"class":95},[64,89805,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814,89816],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89807,212],{"class":211},[64,89809,144],{"class":95},[64,89811,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89813,89689],{"class":1422},[64,89815,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89817,150],{"class":95},[14,89819,2035],{},[54,89821,89823],{"className":56,"code":89822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[61,89824,89825,89830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89826,89827],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89828,89829],{"class":74},"Hello!\n",[64,89831,89832],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89833,89709],{"class":74},[14,89835,1944,89836,89838],{},[61,89837,52620],{}," argument is useful for:",[21,89840,89841,89844,89847],{},[24,89842,89843],{},"progress messages",[24,89845,89846],{},"inline output",[24,89848,89849],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[49,89851,89853,2361,89855],{"id":89852},"print-returns-none",[61,89854,46410],{},[61,89856,3741],{},[14,89858,89859,89860,89862],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[61,89861,46410],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89864,318],{},[54,89866,89868],{"className":56,"code":89867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[61,89869,89870,89890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89871,89872,89874,89876,89879,89881,89883,89886,89888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89873,2194],{"class":74},[64,89875,92],{"class":91},[64,89877,89878],{"class":211}," print",[64,89880,144],{"class":95},[64,89882,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89884,89885],{"class":1422},"Hi",[64,89887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,89889,150],{"class":95},[64,89891,89892,89894,89896,89898],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89893,212],{"class":211},[64,89895,144],{"class":95},[64,89897,2229],{"class":140},[64,89899,150],{"class":95},[14,89901,2035],{},[54,89903,89905],{"className":56,"code":89904,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hi\nNone\n",[61,89906,89907,89912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89908,89909],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89910,89911],{"class":74},"Hi\n",[64,89913,89914],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89915,11782],{"class":3816},[14,89917,89918],{},"Why does this happen?",[21,89920,89921,89929,89934],{},[24,89922,89923,89926,89927],{},[61,89924,89925],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[61,89928,89885],{},[24,89930,89931,89932],{},"but the function itself returns ",[61,89933,3741],{},[24,89935,89936,89937,11894,89939],{},"so ",[61,89938,2229],{},[61,89940,3741],{},[14,89942,89943,89944,89946],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[61,89945,46410],{}," call.",[54,89948,89950],{"className":56,"code":89949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[61,89951,89952,89965],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,89953,89954,89957,89959,89961,89963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89955,89956],{"class":74},"message ",[64,89958,92],{"class":91},[64,89960,3315],{"class":1418},[64,89962,89885],{"class":1422},[64,89964,3321],{"class":1418},[64,89966,89967,89969,89971,89974],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,89968,212],{"class":211},[64,89970,144],{"class":95},[64,89972,89973],{"class":140},"message",[64,89975,150],{"class":95},[14,89977,89978,89979,89981,89982,89986],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[61,89980,46410],{}," with functions like ",[543,89983,89984],{"href":8189},[61,89985,2919],{},", which do return a value.",[49,89988,89990,89991],{"id":89989},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[61,89992,46410],{},[14,89994,89995,89996,89998],{},"Beginners use ",[61,89997,46410],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[21,90000,90001,90004,90007,90010],{},[24,90002,90003],{},"to display results to the user",[24,90005,90006],{},"to show messages in a script",[24,90008,90009],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[24,90011,90012],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90014,318],{},[54,90016,90018],{"className":56,"code":90017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[61,90019,90020,90028,90032,90052,90063],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90021,90022,90024,90026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90023,41141],{"class":74},[64,90025,92],{"class":91},[64,90027,38470],{"class":99},[64,90029,90030],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90031,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,90033,90034,90036,90038,90040,90042,90044,90046,90048,90050],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,90035,5926],{"class":70},[64,90037,6356],{"class":74},[64,90039,3847],{"class":70},[64,90041,54029],{"class":211},[64,90043,144],{"class":95},[64,90045,100],{"class":99},[64,90047,103],{"class":95},[64,90049,120],{"class":99},[64,90051,8312],{"class":95},[64,90053,90054,90057,90060],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,90055,90056],{"class":74},"    total ",[64,90058,90059],{"class":91},"+=",[64,90061,90062],{"class":74}," number\n",[64,90064,90065,90067,90069,90071,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90090,90092],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,90066,8039],{"class":211},[64,90068,144],{"class":95},[64,90070,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90072,90073],{"class":1422},"Current number:",[64,90075,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90077,103],{"class":95},[64,90079,2161],{"class":140},[64,90081,103],{"class":95},[64,90083,3315],{"class":1418},[64,90085,45521],{"class":1422},[64,90087,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90089,103],{"class":95},[64,90091,45528],{"class":140},[64,90093,150],{"class":95},[14,90095,2035],{},[54,90097,90099],{"className":56,"code":90098,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[61,90100,90101,90117,90131],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90102,90103,90106,90108,90110,90113,90115],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90104,90105],{"class":74},"Current number",[64,90107,1117],{"class":95},[64,90109,5465],{"class":99},[64,90111,90112],{"class":74}," Total",[64,90114,1117],{"class":95},[64,90116,29569],{"class":99},[64,90118,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127,90129],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90120,90105],{"class":74},[64,90122,1117],{"class":95},[64,90124,106],{"class":99},[64,90126,90112],{"class":74},[64,90128,1117],{"class":95},[64,90130,2540],{"class":99},[64,90132,90133,90135,90137,90139,90141,90143],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,90134,90105],{"class":74},[64,90136,1117],{"class":95},[64,90138,743],{"class":99},[64,90140,90112],{"class":74},[64,90142,1117],{"class":95},[64,90144,90145],{"class":99}," 6\n",[14,90147,90148,90149,137],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[543,90150,90152],{"href":90151},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[49,90154,1646],{"id":1645},[14,90156,90157,90158,137],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[61,90159,46410],{},[816,90161,90163],{"id":90162},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90165,90166],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[54,90168,90170],{"className":56,"code":90169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(Hello)\n",[61,90171,90172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90173,90174,90176,90178,90180],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90175,212],{"class":211},[64,90177,144],{"class":95},[64,90179,34825],{"class":140},[64,90181,150],{"class":95},[14,90183,8846,90184,90186],{},[61,90185,34825],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90188,10779],{},[54,90190,90192],{"className":56,"code":90191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[61,90193,90194],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90195,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90197,212],{"class":211},[64,90199,144],{"class":95},[64,90201,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90203,34825],{"class":1422},[64,90205,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90207,150],{"class":95},[816,90209,1654,90211,90213],{"id":90210},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[61,90212,212],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90215,90216],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[54,90218,90220],{"className":56,"code":90219,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print \"Hello\"\n",[61,90221,90222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90223,90224,90226,90228,90230],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90225,212],{"class":211},[64,90227,3315],{"class":1418},[64,90229,34825],{"class":1422},[64,90231,3321],{"class":1418},[14,90233,10779],{},[54,90235,90236],{"className":56,"code":90191,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,90237,90238],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90239,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90241,212],{"class":211},[64,90243,144],{"class":95},[64,90245,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90247,34825],{"class":1422},[64,90249,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90251,150],{"class":95},[816,90253,90255,90256],{"id":90254},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[61,90257,2024],{},[14,90259,90260,90261,137],{},"This causes a ",[61,90262,2964],{},[54,90264,90265],{"className":56,"code":89353,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,90266,90267,90275],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90268,90269,90271,90273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90270,21581],{"class":74},[64,90272,92],{"class":91},[64,90274,1583],{"class":99},[64,90276,90277,90279,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90278,212],{"class":211},[64,90280,144],{"class":95},[64,90282,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90284,89374],{"class":1422},[64,90286,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90288,2418],{"class":91},[64,90290,9160],{"class":140},[64,90292,150],{"class":95},[14,90294,90295],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[54,90297,90299],{"className":56,"code":90298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[61,90300,90301],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90302,90303,90305,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90304,212],{"class":211},[64,90306,144],{"class":95},[64,90308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90310,89275],{"class":1422},[64,90312,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90314,103],{"class":95},[64,90316,9160],{"class":140},[64,90318,150],{"class":95},[14,90320,90321],{},"Or convert the number first:",[54,90323,90325],{"className":56,"code":90324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[61,90326,90327],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90328,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345,90347],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90330,212],{"class":211},[64,90332,144],{"class":95},[64,90334,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90336,89374],{"class":1422},[64,90338,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90340,2418],{"class":91},[64,90342,48862],{"class":1778},[64,90344,144],{"class":95},[64,90346,9270],{"class":140},[64,90348,1737],{"class":95},[14,90350,90351,90352,137],{},"If you see this error, read ",[543,90353,90355],{"href":90354},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[816,90357,8423,90359,90361],{"id":90358},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[61,90360,46410],{}," to return a value",[14,90363,90364,90365,35286,90368,1117],{},"This does not store ",[61,90366,90367],{},"\"Hello\"",[61,90369,2229],{},[54,90371,90373],{"className":56,"code":90372,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[61,90374,90375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90376,90377,90379,90381,90383,90385,90387,90389,90391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90378,2194],{"class":74},[64,90380,92],{"class":91},[64,90382,89878],{"class":211},[64,90384,144],{"class":95},[64,90386,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90388,34825],{"class":1422},[64,90390,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90392,150],{"class":95},[14,90394,90395,90396,137],{},"It stores ",[61,90397,3741],{},[816,90399,90401,90402,40,90404],{"id":90400},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[61,90403,89415],{},[61,90405,52620],{},[14,90407,85761],{},[21,90409,90410,90419],{},[24,90411,90412,90414,90415,90418],{},[61,90413,89415],{}," changes what goes ",[37,90416,90417],{},"between"," multiple values",[24,90420,90421,90423,90424,90427],{},[61,90422,52620],{}," changes what appears ",[37,90425,90426],{},"after"," the output",[49,90429,90431],{"id":90430},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90433,90434,90435,90437],{},"These simple ",[61,90436,46410],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[54,90439,90441],{"className":56,"code":90440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[61,90442,90443,90463,90478],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90444,90445,90447,90449,90451,90454,90456,90458,90461],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90446,212],{"class":211},[64,90448,144],{"class":95},[64,90450,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90452,90453],{"class":1422},"Debug:",[64,90455,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90457,103],{"class":95},[64,90459,90460],{"class":140}," variable_name",[64,90462,150],{"class":95},[64,90464,90465,90467,90469,90471,90473,90476],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90466,212],{"class":211},[64,90468,144],{"class":95},[64,90470,1779],{"class":1778},[64,90472,144],{"class":95},[64,90474,90475],{"class":140},"variable_name",[64,90477,1737],{"class":95},[64,90479,90480,90482,90484,90486],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,90481,32108],{"class":211},[64,90483,144],{"class":95},[64,90485,212],{"class":211},[64,90487,150],{"class":95},[14,90489,90490],{},"What they do:",[21,90492,90493,90499,90505],{},[24,90494,90495,90498],{},[61,90496,90497],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[24,90500,90501,90504],{},[61,90502,90503],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[24,90506,90507,90510,90511],{},[61,90508,90509],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[61,90512,46410],{},[49,90514,1826],{"id":1825},[816,90516,12670,90518,90520],{"id":90517},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[61,90519,46410],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90522,90523,90524,90526,90527,36579],{},"Yes. By default, ",[61,90525,46410],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[61,90528,52620],{},[816,90530,5135,90532,90534],{"id":90531},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[61,90533,46410],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90536,90537,90538,90540],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[61,90539,46410],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[816,90542,5123,90544,5126,90547,2456],{"id":90543},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[61,90545,90546],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[61,90548,3741],{},[14,90550,29015,90551,90553],{},[61,90552,46410],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[816,90555,90557],{"id":90556},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90559,90560],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[54,90562,90564],{"className":56,"code":90563,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[61,90565,90566],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90567,90568,90570,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580,90582],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90569,212],{"class":211},[64,90571,144],{"class":95},[64,90573,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90575,89275],{"class":1422},[64,90577,1419],{"class":1418},[64,90579,103],{"class":95},[64,90581,5973],{"class":99},[64,90583,150],{"class":95},[14,90585,90586,90587,39887],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[61,90588,47641],{},[816,90590,5145,90592,40,90594,2456],{"id":90591},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[61,90593,89415],{},[61,90595,52620],{},[21,90597,90598,90603],{},[24,90599,90600,90602],{},[61,90601,89415],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[24,90604,90605,90607],{},[61,90606,52620],{}," changes what appears after the output",[49,90609,1865],{"id":1864},[21,90611,90612,90616,90622,90628,90633,90638],{},[24,90613,90614],{},[543,90615,50935],{"href":50934},[24,90617,90618],{},[543,90619,1877,90620,3472],{"href":8189},[61,90621,2919],{},[24,90623,90624],{},[543,90625,1877,90626,3472],{"href":42134},[61,90627,47641],{},[24,90629,90630],{},[543,90631,90632],{"href":89641},"How to format strings in Python",[24,90634,90635],{},[543,90636,90637],{"href":90151},"How to debug Python code",[24,90639,90640],{},[543,90641,90355],{"href":90354},[1898,90643,90644],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":90646},[90647,90648,90650,90651,90657,90658,90659,90664,90670,90672,90674,90685,90686,90697],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":88819,"depth":78,"text":90649},"What print() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":89055,"depth":78,"text":89056,"children":90652},[90653,90654,90655,90656],{"id":89064,"depth":85,"text":89065},{"id":89105,"depth":85,"text":89106},{"id":89137,"depth":85,"text":89138},{"id":89164,"depth":85,"text":89165},{"id":89206,"depth":78,"text":89207},{"id":89402,"depth":78,"text":89403},{"id":89442,"depth":78,"text":90660,"children":90661},"sep argument",[90662,90663],{"id":89455,"depth":85,"text":89456},{"id":89505,"depth":85,"text":89506},{"id":89645,"depth":78,"text":90665,"children":90666},"end argument",[90667,90668,90669],{"id":89659,"depth":85,"text":89456},{"id":89712,"depth":85,"text":89713},{"id":89768,"depth":85,"text":89769},{"id":89852,"depth":78,"text":90671},"print() returns None",{"id":89989,"depth":78,"text":90673},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":90675},[90676,90677,90679,90681,90683],{"id":90162,"depth":85,"text":90163},{"id":90210,"depth":85,"text":90678},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90254,"depth":85,"text":90680},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90358,"depth":85,"text":90682},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90400,"depth":85,"text":90684},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90430,"depth":78,"text":90431},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":90687},[90688,90690,90692,90694,90695],{"id":90517,"depth":85,"text":90689},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90531,"depth":85,"text":90691},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90543,"depth":85,"text":90693},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90556,"depth":85,"text":90557},{"id":90591,"depth":85,"text":90696},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88702,"description":90698},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90705,"title":90706,"body":90707,"description":93011,"extension":1927,"meta":93012,"navigation":81,"path":93013,"seo":93014,"stem":93015,"__hash__":93016},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90708,"toc":92957},[90709,90714,90719,90732,90734,90799,90810,90815,90820,90822,90845,90848,90879,90881,90898,90903,90909,90914,90963,90966,90983,90989,90994,91017,91019,91047,91053,91061,91088,91090,91115,91121,91124,91155,91157,91186,91190,91193,91198,91220,91222,91250,91256,91262,91288,91290,91314,91320,91326,91356,91358,91386,91396,91400,91406,91439,91441,91470,91473,91476,91509,91511,91519,91525,91527,91550,91555,91564,91569,91583,91585,91625,91627,91657,91661,91696,91702,91706,91750,91752,91782,91788,91791,91870,91872,91894,91902,91905,91968,91976,92051,92057,92064,92069,92074,92097,92099,92120,92122,92135,92137,92184,92186,92225,92234,92236,92240,92244,92247,92274,92277,92306,92309,92333,92336,92344,92350,92372,92374,92402,92406,92411,92466,92471,92473,92530,92537,92546,92549,92581,92583,92591,92594,92600,92602,92625,92628,92634,92637,92656,92658,92677,92680,92702,92704,92732,92736,92740,92845,92847,92860,92862,92868,92871,92879,92884,92890,92896,92901,92909,92915,92922,92924,92954],[10,90710,1877,90712,3542],{"id":90711},"python-range-function-explained",[61,90713,36155],{},[14,90715,32273,90716,90718],{},[61,90717,36155],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90720,90721,90722,90724,90725,90727,90728,90731],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[61,90723,5926],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[61,90726,36155],{}," stops ",[37,90729,90730],{},"before"," the end value.",[49,90733,52],{"id":51},[54,90735,90737],{"className":56,"code":90736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[61,90738,90739,90755,90765,90769,90774,90779,90784,90789,90794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90740,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749,90751,90753],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90742,5926],{"class":70},[64,90744,69498],{"class":74},[64,90746,3847],{"class":70},[64,90748,54029],{"class":211},[64,90750,144],{"class":95},[64,90752,385],{"class":99},[64,90754,8312],{"class":95},[64,90756,90757,90759,90761,90763],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90758,8039],{"class":211},[64,90760,144],{"class":95},[64,90762,36112],{"class":140},[64,90764,150],{"class":95},[64,90766,90767],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,90768,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,90770,90771],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,90772,90773],{"class":222},"# Output:\n",[64,90775,90776],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,90777,90778],{"class":222},"# 0\n",[64,90780,90781],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,90782,90783],{"class":222},"# 1\n",[64,90785,90786],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,90787,90788],{"class":222},"# 2\n",[64,90790,90791],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,90792,90793],{"class":222},"# 3\n",[64,90795,90796],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,90797,90798],{"class":222},"# 4\n",[14,90800,90801,90804,90805,90807,90808,137],{},[61,90802,90803],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[61,90806,187],{}," and stopping before ",[61,90809,385],{},[49,90811,3639,90813,3642],{"id":90812},"what-range-does",[61,90814,36155],{},[14,90816,90817,90819],{},[61,90818,36155],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90821,13017],{},[21,90823,90824,90829,90835,90840],{},[24,90825,90826,90828],{},[61,90827,36155],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[24,90830,90831,90832,90834],{},"It is commonly used with ",[61,90833,5926],{}," loops",[24,90836,90837,90838],{},"The stop value is ",[37,90839,65019],{},[24,90841,17375,90842,90844],{},[61,90843,59947],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90846,90847],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[54,90849,90851],{"className":56,"code":90850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[61,90852,90853,90869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90854,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865,90867],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90856,5926],{"class":70},[64,90858,6356],{"class":74},[64,90860,3847],{"class":70},[64,90862,54029],{"class":211},[64,90864,144],{"class":95},[64,90866,115],{"class":99},[64,90868,8312],{"class":95},[64,90870,90871,90873,90875,90877],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90872,8039],{"class":211},[64,90874,144],{"class":95},[64,90876,2204],{"class":140},[64,90878,150],{"class":95},[14,90880,2035],{},[54,90882,90884],{"className":56,"code":90883,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n1\n2\n",[61,90885,90886,90890,90894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90887,90888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90889,47210],{"class":99},[64,90891,90892],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90893,46875],{"class":99},[64,90895,90896],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,90897,17009],{"class":99},[14,90899,90900,90901,137],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[543,90902,35986],{"href":35985},[49,90904,90906,90908],{"id":90905},"range-syntax",[61,90907,36155],{}," syntax",[14,90910,90911,90913],{},[61,90912,36155],{}," has three common forms:",[54,90915,90917],{"className":56,"code":90916,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[61,90918,90919,90929,90944],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,90920,90921,90923,90925,90927],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90922,59947],{"class":211},[64,90924,144],{"class":95},[64,90926,75375],{"class":140},[64,90928,150],{"class":95},[64,90930,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90942],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,90932,59947],{"class":211},[64,90934,144],{"class":95},[64,90936,36030],{"class":140},[64,90938,103],{"class":95},[64,90940,90941],{"class":140}," stop",[64,90943,150],{"class":95},[64,90945,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90961],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,90947,59947],{"class":211},[64,90949,144],{"class":95},[64,90951,36030],{"class":140},[64,90953,103],{"class":95},[64,90955,90941],{"class":140},[64,90957,103],{"class":95},[64,90959,90960],{"class":140}," step",[64,90962,150],{"class":95},[14,90964,90965],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[21,90967,90968,90973,90978],{},[24,90969,90970,90972],{},[61,90971,36030],{}," = first number",[24,90974,90975,90977],{},[61,90976,75375],{}," = end limit, not included",[24,90979,90980,90982],{},[61,90981,75378],{}," = amount to move each time",[816,90984,90986],{"id":90985},"rangestop",[61,90987,90988],{},"range(stop)",[14,90990,90991,90992,137],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[61,90993,187],{},[54,90995,90997],{"className":56,"code":90996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[61,90998,90999],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91000,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91002,212],{"class":211},[64,91004,144],{"class":95},[64,91006,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91008,144],{"class":95},[64,91010,59947],{"class":211},[64,91012,144],{"class":95},[64,91014,385],{"class":99},[64,91016,2873],{"class":95},[14,91018,2035],{},[54,91020,91021],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91022,91023],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91024,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043,91045],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91026,184],{"class":95},[64,91028,187],{"class":99},[64,91030,103],{"class":95},[64,91032,5465],{"class":99},[64,91034,103],{"class":95},[64,91036,106],{"class":99},[64,91038,103],{"class":95},[64,91040,743],{"class":99},[64,91042,103],{"class":95},[64,91044,120],{"class":99},[64,91046,746],{"class":95},[816,91048,91050],{"id":91049},"rangestart-stop",[61,91051,91052],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91054,91055,91056,91058,91059,137],{},"This starts at ",[61,91057,36030],{}," and stops before ",[61,91060,75375],{},[54,91062,91064],{"className":56,"code":91063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[61,91065,91066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91067,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91069,212],{"class":211},[64,91071,144],{"class":95},[64,91073,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91075,144],{"class":95},[64,91077,59947],{"class":211},[64,91079,144],{"class":95},[64,91081,2021],{"class":99},[64,91083,103],{"class":95},[64,91085,390],{"class":99},[64,91087,2873],{"class":95},[14,91089,2035],{},[54,91091,91093],{"className":56,"code":91092,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[61,91094,91095],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91096,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91098,184],{"class":95},[64,91100,2021],{"class":99},[64,91102,103],{"class":95},[64,91104,743],{"class":99},[64,91106,103],{"class":95},[64,91108,120],{"class":99},[64,91110,103],{"class":95},[64,91112,4570],{"class":99},[64,91114,746],{"class":95},[816,91116,91118],{"id":91117},"rangestart-stop-step",[61,91119,91120],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91122,91123],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[54,91125,91127],{"className":56,"code":91126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[61,91128,91129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91130,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91132,212],{"class":211},[64,91134,144],{"class":95},[64,91136,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91138,144],{"class":95},[64,91140,59947],{"class":211},[64,91142,144],{"class":95},[64,91144,100],{"class":99},[64,91146,103],{"class":95},[64,91148,5973],{"class":99},[64,91150,103],{"class":95},[64,91152,106],{"class":99},[64,91154,2873],{"class":95},[14,91156,2035],{},[54,91158,91160],{"className":56,"code":91159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[61,91161,91162],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91163,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91165,184],{"class":95},[64,91167,100],{"class":99},[64,91169,103],{"class":95},[64,91171,743],{"class":99},[64,91173,103],{"class":95},[64,91175,4570],{"class":99},[64,91177,103],{"class":95},[64,91179,5962],{"class":99},[64,91181,103],{"class":95},[64,91183,54095],{"class":99},[64,91185,746],{"class":95},[49,91187,91189],{"id":91188},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91191,91192],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[816,91194,91196],{"id":91195},"range5",[61,91197,90803],{},[54,91199,91200],{"className":56,"code":90996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91201,91202],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91203,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91205,212],{"class":211},[64,91207,144],{"class":95},[64,91209,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91211,144],{"class":95},[64,91213,59947],{"class":211},[64,91215,144],{"class":95},[64,91217,385],{"class":99},[64,91219,2873],{"class":95},[14,91221,2035],{},[54,91223,91224],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91225,91226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91227,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91229,184],{"class":95},[64,91231,187],{"class":99},[64,91233,103],{"class":95},[64,91235,5465],{"class":99},[64,91237,103],{"class":95},[64,91239,106],{"class":99},[64,91241,103],{"class":95},[64,91243,743],{"class":99},[64,91245,103],{"class":95},[64,91247,120],{"class":99},[64,91249,746],{"class":95},[14,91251,91055,91252,91058,91254,137],{},[61,91253,187],{},[61,91255,385],{},[816,91257,91259],{"id":91258},"range2-6",[61,91260,91261],{},"range(2, 6)",[54,91263,91264],{"className":56,"code":91063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91265,91266],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91267,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91269,212],{"class":211},[64,91271,144],{"class":95},[64,91273,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91275,144],{"class":95},[64,91277,59947],{"class":211},[64,91279,144],{"class":95},[64,91281,2021],{"class":99},[64,91283,103],{"class":95},[64,91285,390],{"class":99},[64,91287,2873],{"class":95},[14,91289,2035],{},[54,91291,91292],{"className":56,"code":91092,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91293,91294],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91295,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91297,184],{"class":95},[64,91299,2021],{"class":99},[64,91301,103],{"class":95},[64,91303,743],{"class":99},[64,91305,103],{"class":95},[64,91307,120],{"class":99},[64,91309,103],{"class":95},[64,91311,4570],{"class":99},[64,91313,746],{"class":95},[14,91315,91055,91316,91058,91318,137],{},[61,91317,2021],{},[61,91319,80543],{},[816,91321,91323],{"id":91322},"range1-10-2",[61,91324,91325],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[54,91327,91328],{"className":56,"code":91126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91329,91330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91331,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91333,212],{"class":211},[64,91335,144],{"class":95},[64,91337,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91339,144],{"class":95},[64,91341,59947],{"class":211},[64,91343,144],{"class":95},[64,91345,100],{"class":99},[64,91347,103],{"class":95},[64,91349,5973],{"class":99},[64,91351,103],{"class":95},[64,91353,106],{"class":99},[64,91355,2873],{"class":95},[14,91357,2035],{},[54,91359,91360],{"className":56,"code":91159,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91361,91362],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91363,91364,91366,91368,91370,91372,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91365,184],{"class":95},[64,91367,100],{"class":99},[64,91369,103],{"class":95},[64,91371,743],{"class":99},[64,91373,103],{"class":95},[64,91375,4570],{"class":99},[64,91377,103],{"class":95},[64,91379,5962],{"class":99},[64,91381,103],{"class":95},[64,91383,54095],{"class":99},[64,91385,746],{"class":95},[14,91387,91388,91389,91391,91392,61250,91394,137],{},"This moves by ",[61,91390,2021],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[61,91393,100],{},[61,91395,2106],{},[816,91397,91399],{"id":91398},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91401,91402,91403,91405],{},"A negative step makes ",[61,91404,36155],{}," count backward.",[54,91407,91409],{"className":56,"code":91408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[61,91410,91411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91412,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91414,212],{"class":211},[64,91416,144],{"class":95},[64,91418,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91420,144],{"class":95},[64,91422,59947],{"class":211},[64,91424,144],{"class":95},[64,91426,385],{"class":99},[64,91428,103],{"class":95},[64,91430,3797],{"class":99},[64,91432,103],{"class":95},[64,91434,2186],{"class":91},[64,91436,100],{"class":99},[64,91438,2873],{"class":95},[14,91440,2035],{},[54,91442,91444],{"className":56,"code":91443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[61,91445,91446],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91447,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91449,184],{"class":95},[64,91451,385],{"class":99},[64,91453,103],{"class":95},[64,91455,120],{"class":99},[64,91457,103],{"class":95},[64,91459,743],{"class":99},[64,91461,103],{"class":95},[64,91463,106],{"class":99},[64,91465,103],{"class":95},[64,91467,5465],{"class":99},[64,91469,746],{"class":95},[14,91471,91472],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91474,91475],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[54,91477,91479],{"className":56,"code":91478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[61,91480,91481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91482,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91484,212],{"class":211},[64,91486,144],{"class":95},[64,91488,8064],{"class":1778},[64,91490,144],{"class":95},[64,91492,59947],{"class":211},[64,91494,144],{"class":95},[64,91496,100],{"class":99},[64,91498,103],{"class":95},[64,91500,4570],{"class":99},[64,91502,103],{"class":95},[64,91504,2186],{"class":91},[64,91506,100],{"class":99},[64,91508,2873],{"class":95},[14,91510,2035],{},[54,91512,91513],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91514,91515],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91516,91517],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91518,38254],{"class":95},[816,91520,91521,76538,91523],{"id":76762},[61,91522,75378],{},[61,91524,187],{},[14,91526,2797],{},[54,91528,91530],{"className":56,"code":91529,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[61,91531,91532],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91533,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91535,59947],{"class":211},[64,91537,144],{"class":95},[64,91539,100],{"class":99},[64,91541,103],{"class":95},[64,91543,4570],{"class":99},[64,91545,103],{"class":95},[64,91547,3797],{"class":99},[64,91549,150],{"class":95},[14,91551,76807,91552,91554],{},[61,91553,40662],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[49,91556,1654,91558,91560,91561,91563],{"id":91557},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[61,91559,36155],{}," in a ",[61,91562,5926],{}," loop",[14,91565,91566,91568],{},[61,91567,36155],{}," is most useful when:",[21,91570,91571,91574,91577],{},[24,91572,91573],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[24,91575,91576],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[24,91578,91579,91580],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[61,91581,91582],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91584,318],{},[54,91586,91588],{"className":56,"code":91587,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[61,91589,91590,91606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91591,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91593,5926],{"class":70},[64,91595,69498],{"class":74},[64,91597,3847],{"class":70},[64,91599,54029],{"class":211},[64,91601,144],{"class":95},[64,91603,115],{"class":99},[64,91605,8312],{"class":95},[64,91607,91608,91610,91612,91614,91617,91619,91621,91623],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91609,8039],{"class":211},[64,91611,144],{"class":95},[64,91613,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91615,91616],{"class":1422},"Loop number:",[64,91618,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91620,103],{"class":95},[64,91622,36087],{"class":140},[64,91624,150],{"class":95},[14,91626,2035],{},[54,91628,91630],{"className":56,"code":91629,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[61,91631,91632,91641,91649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91633,91634,91637,91639],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91635,91636],{"class":74},"Loop number",[64,91638,1117],{"class":95},[64,91640,38470],{"class":99},[64,91642,91643,91645,91647],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91644,91636],{"class":74},[64,91646,1117],{"class":95},[64,91648,29569],{"class":99},[64,91650,91651,91653,91655],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,91652,91636],{"class":74},[64,91654,1117],{"class":95},[64,91656,45547],{"class":99},[816,91658,91660],{"id":91659},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[54,91662,91664],{"className":56,"code":91663,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[61,91665,91666,91682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91667,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91669,5926],{"class":70},[64,91671,69498],{"class":74},[64,91673,3847],{"class":70},[64,91675,54029],{"class":211},[64,91677,144],{"class":95},[64,91679,385],{"class":99},[64,91681,8312],{"class":95},[64,91683,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91685,8039],{"class":211},[64,91687,144],{"class":95},[64,91689,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91691,34825],{"class":1422},[64,91693,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91695,150],{"class":95},[14,91697,91698,91699,91701],{},"This prints ",[61,91700,90367],{}," five times.",[816,91703,91705],{"id":91704},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[54,91707,91709],{"className":56,"code":91708,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[61,91710,91711,91731],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91712,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91714,5926],{"class":70},[64,91716,69498],{"class":74},[64,91718,3847],{"class":70},[64,91720,54029],{"class":211},[64,91722,144],{"class":95},[64,91724,100],{"class":99},[64,91726,103],{"class":95},[64,91728,120],{"class":99},[64,91730,8312],{"class":95},[64,91732,91733,91735,91737,91739,91742,91744,91746,91748],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91734,8039],{"class":211},[64,91736,144],{"class":95},[64,91738,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91740,91741],{"class":1422},"Current number is",[64,91743,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91745,103],{"class":95},[64,91747,36087],{"class":140},[64,91749,150],{"class":95},[14,91751,2035],{},[54,91753,91755],{"className":56,"code":91754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[61,91756,91757,91766,91774],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91758,91759,91762,91764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91760,91761],{"class":74},"Current number ",[64,91763,877],{"class":91},[64,91765,29569],{"class":99},[64,91767,91768,91770,91772],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91769,91761],{"class":74},[64,91771,877],{"class":91},[64,91773,45547],{"class":99},[64,91775,91776,91778,91780],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,91777,91761],{"class":74},[64,91779,877],{"class":91},[64,91781,2540],{"class":99},[816,91783,91785,91787],{"id":91784},"range-and-indexing",[61,91786,36155],{}," and indexing",[14,91789,91790],{},"You may see code like this:",[54,91792,91794],{"className":56,"code":91793,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[61,91795,91796,91828,91832,91852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91797,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91799,7749],{"class":74},[64,91801,92],{"class":91},[64,91803,112],{"class":95},[64,91805,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91807,543],{"class":1422},[64,91809,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91811,103],{"class":95},[64,91813,3315],{"class":1418},[64,91815,1235],{"class":1422},[64,91817,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91819,103],{"class":95},[64,91821,3315],{"class":1418},[64,91823,9711],{"class":1422},[64,91825,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91827,746],{"class":95},[64,91829,91830],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91831,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,91833,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,91835,5926],{"class":70},[64,91837,69498],{"class":74},[64,91839,3847],{"class":70},[64,91841,54029],{"class":211},[64,91843,144],{"class":95},[64,91845,11134],{"class":211},[64,91847,144],{"class":95},[64,91849,7779],{"class":140},[64,91851,69513],{"class":95},[64,91853,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,91855,8039],{"class":211},[64,91857,144],{"class":95},[64,91859,36112],{"class":140},[64,91861,103],{"class":95},[64,91863,5934],{"class":140},[64,91865,184],{"class":95},[64,91867,36112],{"class":140},[64,91869,393],{"class":95},[14,91871,2035],{},[54,91873,91874],{"className":56,"code":36124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,91875,91876,91882,91888],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91877,91878,91880],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91879,187],{"class":99},[64,91881,1592],{"class":74},[64,91883,91884,91886],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91885,100],{"class":99},[64,91887,36139],{"class":74},[64,91889,91890,91892],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,91891,2021],{"class":99},[64,91893,36146],{"class":74},[14,91895,91896,91897,91901],{},"This works, and it uses ",[543,91898,91899],{"href":42317},[61,91900,42320],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91903,91904],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[54,91906,91908],{"className":56,"code":91907,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[61,91909,91910,91942,91946,91958],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91911,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938,91940],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91913,7749],{"class":74},[64,91915,92],{"class":91},[64,91917,112],{"class":95},[64,91919,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91921,543],{"class":1422},[64,91923,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91925,103],{"class":95},[64,91927,3315],{"class":1418},[64,91929,1235],{"class":1422},[64,91931,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91933,103],{"class":95},[64,91935,3315],{"class":1418},[64,91937,9711],{"class":1422},[64,91939,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91941,746],{"class":95},[64,91943,91944],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,91945,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,91947,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,91949,5926],{"class":70},[64,91951,5929],{"class":74},[64,91953,3847],{"class":70},[64,91955,5934],{"class":74},[64,91957,6363],{"class":95},[64,91959,91960,91962,91964,91966],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,91961,8039],{"class":211},[64,91963,144],{"class":95},[64,91965,23264],{"class":140},[64,91967,150],{"class":95},[14,91969,36550,91970,91975],{},[543,91971,91973],{"href":91972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[61,91974,35706],{}," is usually a better choice:",[54,91977,91979],{"className":56,"code":91978,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[61,91980,91981,92013,92017,92037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,91982,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91984,7749],{"class":74},[64,91986,92],{"class":91},[64,91988,112],{"class":95},[64,91990,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91992,543],{"class":1422},[64,91994,1419],{"class":1418},[64,91996,103],{"class":95},[64,91998,3315],{"class":1418},[64,92000,1235],{"class":1422},[64,92002,1419],{"class":1418},[64,92004,103],{"class":95},[64,92006,3315],{"class":1418},[64,92008,9711],{"class":1422},[64,92010,1419],{"class":1418},[64,92012,746],{"class":95},[64,92014,92015],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,92016,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,92018,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,92020,5926],{"class":70},[64,92022,35778],{"class":74},[64,92024,103],{"class":95},[64,92026,5929],{"class":74},[64,92028,3847],{"class":70},[64,92030,35788],{"class":211},[64,92032,144],{"class":95},[64,92034,7779],{"class":140},[64,92036,8312],{"class":95},[64,92038,92039,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,92040,8039],{"class":211},[64,92042,144],{"class":95},[64,92044,35803],{"class":140},[64,92046,103],{"class":95},[64,92048,29461],{"class":140},[64,92050,150],{"class":95},[14,92052,79067,92053,137],{},[543,92054,36563,92055,36566],{"href":36562},[61,92056,35706],{},[49,92058,92060,92061,92063],{"id":92059},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[61,92062,36155],{}," to a list",[14,92065,92066,92068],{},[61,92067,36155],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92070,92071,92072,1117],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[61,92073,24735],{},[54,92075,92077],{"className":56,"code":92076,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[61,92078,92079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92080,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92082,212],{"class":211},[64,92084,144],{"class":95},[64,92086,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92088,144],{"class":95},[64,92090,59947],{"class":211},[64,92092,144],{"class":95},[64,92094,115],{"class":99},[64,92096,2873],{"class":95},[14,92098,2035],{},[54,92100,92102],{"className":56,"code":92101,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[61,92103,92104],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92105,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92107,184],{"class":95},[64,92109,187],{"class":99},[64,92111,103],{"class":95},[64,92113,5465],{"class":99},[64,92115,103],{"class":95},[64,92117,106],{"class":99},[64,92119,746],{"class":95},[14,92121,33268],{},[21,92123,92124,92129,92132],{},[24,92125,92126,92127,42044],{},"learning how ",[61,92128,36155],{},[24,92130,92131],{},"checking your values",[24,92133,92134],{},"debugging code",[14,92136,5439],{},[54,92138,92140],{"className":56,"code":92139,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[61,92141,92142,92156,92160,92170],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92143,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92145,1161],{"class":74},[64,92147,92],{"class":91},[64,92149,54029],{"class":211},[64,92151,144],{"class":95},[64,92153,772],{"class":99},[64,92155,150],{"class":95},[64,92157,92158],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,92159,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,92161,92162,92164,92166,92168],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,92163,212],{"class":211},[64,92165,144],{"class":95},[64,92167,3611],{"class":140},[64,92169,150],{"class":95},[64,92171,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,92173,212],{"class":211},[64,92175,144],{"class":95},[64,92177,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92179,144],{"class":95},[64,92181,3611],{"class":140},[64,92183,1737],{"class":95},[14,92185,2035],{},[54,92187,92189],{"className":56,"code":92188,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[61,92190,92191,92205],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92192,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92194,59947],{"class":211},[64,92196,144],{"class":95},[64,92198,187],{"class":99},[64,92200,103],{"class":95},[64,92202,120],{"class":99},[64,92204,150],{"class":95},[64,92206,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,92208,184],{"class":95},[64,92210,187],{"class":99},[64,92212,103],{"class":95},[64,92214,5465],{"class":99},[64,92216,103],{"class":95},[64,92218,106],{"class":99},[64,92220,103],{"class":95},[64,92222,743],{"class":99},[64,92224,746],{"class":95},[14,92226,92227,92228,10557,92230,92233],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[61,92229,59947],{},[61,92231,92232],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[49,92235,4483],{"id":4482},[14,92237,33497,92238,137],{},[61,92239,36155],{},[816,92241,92243],{"id":92242},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92245,92246],{},"Many beginners think this:",[54,92248,92250],{"className":56,"code":92249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[61,92251,92252],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92255,212],{"class":211},[64,92257,144],{"class":95},[64,92259,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92261,144],{"class":95},[64,92263,59947],{"class":211},[64,92265,144],{"class":95},[64,92267,100],{"class":99},[64,92269,103],{"class":95},[64,92271,4570],{"class":99},[64,92273,2873],{"class":95},[14,92275,92276],{},"will produce:",[54,92278,92280],{"className":56,"code":92279,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[61,92281,92282],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92283,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92285,184],{"class":95},[64,92287,100],{"class":99},[64,92289,103],{"class":95},[64,92291,106],{"class":99},[64,92293,103],{"class":95},[64,92295,743],{"class":99},[64,92297,103],{"class":95},[64,92299,120],{"class":99},[64,92301,103],{"class":95},[64,92303,4570],{"class":99},[64,92305,746],{"class":95},[14,92307,92308],{},"But the real output is:",[54,92310,92311],{"className":56,"code":53464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,92312,92313],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92314,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92316,184],{"class":95},[64,92318,100],{"class":99},[64,92320,103],{"class":95},[64,92322,106],{"class":99},[64,92324,103],{"class":95},[64,92326,743],{"class":99},[64,92328,103],{"class":95},[64,92330,120],{"class":99},[64,92332,746],{"class":95},[14,92334,92335],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[816,92337,4544,92339,92341,92342],{"id":92338},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[61,92340,90803],{}," starts at ",[61,92343,100],{},[14,92345,37425,92346,18917,92348,137],{},[61,92347,187],{},[61,92349,100],{},[54,92351,92352],{"className":56,"code":90996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,92353,92354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92355,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92357,212],{"class":211},[64,92359,144],{"class":95},[64,92361,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92363,144],{"class":95},[64,92365,59947],{"class":211},[64,92367,144],{"class":95},[64,92369,385],{"class":99},[64,92371,2873],{"class":95},[14,92373,2035],{},[54,92375,92376],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,92377,92378],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92379,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92381,184],{"class":95},[64,92383,187],{"class":99},[64,92385,103],{"class":95},[64,92387,5465],{"class":99},[64,92389,103],{"class":95},[64,92391,106],{"class":99},[64,92393,103],{"class":95},[64,92395,743],{"class":99},[64,92397,103],{"class":95},[64,92399,120],{"class":99},[64,92401,746],{"class":95},[816,92403,92405],{"id":92404},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92407,92408,92409,1117],{},"This often happens with ",[61,92410,2919],{},[54,92412,92414],{"className":56,"code":92413,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[61,92415,92416,92435,92439,92456],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92417,92418,92421,92423,92425,92427,92429,92431,92433],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92419,92420],{"class":74},"user_number ",[64,92422,92],{"class":91},[64,92424,8212],{"class":211},[64,92426,144],{"class":95},[64,92428,1419],{"class":1418},[64,92430,41830],{"class":1422},[64,92432,1419],{"class":1418},[64,92434,150],{"class":95},[64,92436,92437],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,92438,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,92440,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92454],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,92442,5926],{"class":70},[64,92444,69498],{"class":74},[64,92446,3847],{"class":70},[64,92448,54029],{"class":211},[64,92450,144],{"class":95},[64,92452,92453],{"class":140},"user_number",[64,92455,8312],{"class":95},[64,92457,92458,92460,92462,92464],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,92459,8039],{"class":211},[64,92461,144],{"class":95},[64,92463,36112],{"class":140},[64,92465,150],{"class":95},[14,92467,48468,92468,92470],{},[61,92469,2919],{}," returns a string.",[14,92472,10779],{},[54,92474,92476],{"className":56,"code":92475,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[61,92477,92478,92500,92504,92520],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92479,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92481,92420],{"class":74},[64,92483,92],{"class":91},[64,92485,45234],{"class":1778},[64,92487,144],{"class":95},[64,92489,42422],{"class":211},[64,92491,144],{"class":95},[64,92493,1419],{"class":1418},[64,92495,41830],{"class":1422},[64,92497,1419],{"class":1418},[64,92499,1737],{"class":95},[64,92501,92502],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,92503,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,92505,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,92507,5926],{"class":70},[64,92509,69498],{"class":74},[64,92511,3847],{"class":70},[64,92513,54029],{"class":211},[64,92515,144],{"class":95},[64,92517,92453],{"class":140},[64,92519,8312],{"class":95},[64,92521,92522,92524,92526,92528],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,92523,8039],{"class":211},[64,92525,144],{"class":95},[64,92527,36112],{"class":140},[64,92529,150],{"class":95},[14,92531,92532,92533,137],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[543,92534,50482,92535],{"href":50481},[61,92536,50485],{},[816,92538,92540,92541,92543,92544],{"id":92539},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[61,92542,36030],{}," smaller than ",[61,92545,75375],{},[14,92547,92548],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[54,92550,92551],{"className":56,"code":91478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,92552,92553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92554,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92556,212],{"class":211},[64,92558,144],{"class":95},[64,92560,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92562,144],{"class":95},[64,92564,59947],{"class":211},[64,92566,144],{"class":95},[64,92568,100],{"class":99},[64,92570,103],{"class":95},[64,92572,4570],{"class":99},[64,92574,103],{"class":95},[64,92576,2186],{"class":91},[64,92578,100],{"class":99},[64,92580,2873],{"class":95},[14,92582,2035],{},[54,92584,92585],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,92586,92587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92588,92589],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92590,38254],{"class":95},[14,92592,92593],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[816,92595,25571,92597],{"id":92596},"trying-to-use-step-0",[61,92598,92599],{},"step = 0",[14,92601,77518],{},[54,92603,92605],{"className":56,"code":92604,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[61,92606,92607],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92608,92609,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621,92623],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92610,59947],{"class":211},[64,92612,144],{"class":95},[64,92614,100],{"class":99},[64,92616,103],{"class":95},[64,92618,5973],{"class":99},[64,92620,103],{"class":95},[64,92622,3797],{"class":99},[64,92624,150],{"class":95},[14,92626,92627],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[816,92629,4668,92631,92633],{"id":92630},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[61,92632,36155],{}," is not a list",[14,92635,92636],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[54,92638,92640],{"className":56,"code":92639,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\n",[61,92641,92642],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92643,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92645,212],{"class":211},[64,92647,144],{"class":95},[64,92649,59947],{"class":211},[64,92651,144],{"class":95},[64,92653,385],{"class":99},[64,92655,1737],{"class":95},[14,92657,2035],{},[54,92659,92661],{"className":56,"code":92660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n",[61,92662,92663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92664,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92666,59947],{"class":211},[64,92668,144],{"class":95},[64,92670,187],{"class":99},[64,92672,103],{"class":95},[64,92674,4570],{"class":99},[64,92676,150],{"class":95},[14,92678,92679],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[54,92681,92682],{"className":56,"code":90996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,92683,92684],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92685,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92687,212],{"class":211},[64,92689,144],{"class":95},[64,92691,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92693,144],{"class":95},[64,92695,59947],{"class":211},[64,92697,144],{"class":95},[64,92699,385],{"class":99},[64,92701,2873],{"class":95},[14,92703,2035],{},[54,92705,92706],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,92707,92708],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92709,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728,92730],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92711,184],{"class":95},[64,92713,187],{"class":99},[64,92715,103],{"class":95},[64,92717,5465],{"class":99},[64,92719,103],{"class":95},[64,92721,106],{"class":99},[64,92723,103],{"class":95},[64,92725,743],{"class":99},[64,92727,103],{"class":95},[64,92729,120],{"class":99},[64,92731,746],{"class":95},[49,92733,92735],{"id":92734},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92737,8846,92738,82289],{},[61,92739,36155],{},[54,92741,92743],{"className":56,"code":92742,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[61,92744,92745,92759,92777,92799,92827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,92746,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92748,212],{"class":211},[64,92750,144],{"class":95},[64,92752,59947],{"class":211},[64,92754,144],{"class":95},[64,92756,385],{"class":99},[64,92758,1737],{"class":95},[64,92760,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,92762,212],{"class":211},[64,92764,144],{"class":95},[64,92766,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92768,144],{"class":95},[64,92770,59947],{"class":211},[64,92772,144],{"class":95},[64,92774,385],{"class":99},[64,92776,2873],{"class":95},[64,92778,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795,92797],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,92780,212],{"class":211},[64,92782,144],{"class":95},[64,92784,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92786,144],{"class":95},[64,92788,59947],{"class":211},[64,92790,144],{"class":95},[64,92792,2021],{"class":99},[64,92794,103],{"class":95},[64,92796,6329],{"class":99},[64,92798,2873],{"class":95},[64,92800,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,92802,212],{"class":211},[64,92804,144],{"class":95},[64,92806,8064],{"class":1778},[64,92808,144],{"class":95},[64,92810,59947],{"class":211},[64,92812,144],{"class":95},[64,92814,1432],{"class":99},[64,92816,103],{"class":95},[64,92818,3797],{"class":99},[64,92820,103],{"class":95},[64,92822,2186],{"class":91},[64,92824,2021],{"class":99},[64,92826,2873],{"class":95},[64,92828,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,92830,212],{"class":211},[64,92832,144],{"class":95},[64,92834,1779],{"class":1778},[64,92836,144],{"class":95},[64,92838,59947],{"class":211},[64,92840,144],{"class":95},[64,92842,385],{"class":99},[64,92844,2873],{"class":95},[14,92846,25963],{},[21,92848,92849,92852,92855],{},[24,92850,92851],{},"what values are being created",[24,92853,92854],{},"whether the direction is correct",[24,92856,92857,92858,24571],{},"whether you are working with a ",[61,92859,59947],{},[49,92861,1826],{"id":1825},[816,92863,12670,92865,92867],{"id":92864},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[61,92866,36155],{}," include the last number?",[14,92869,92870],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[816,92872,5123,92874,92876,92877,2456],{"id":92873},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[61,92875,90803],{}," start at ",[61,92878,187],{},[14,92880,92881,92882,137],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[61,92883,187],{},[816,92885,5135,92887,92889],{"id":92886},"can-range-count-backward",[61,92888,36155],{}," count backward?",[14,92891,92892,92893,137],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[61,92894,92895],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[816,92897,14857,92899,25998],{"id":92898},"is-range-a-list",[61,92900,36155],{},[14,92902,26001,92903,92905,92906,23892],{},[61,92904,59947],{}," object. Use ",[61,92907,92908],{},"list(range(...))",[816,92910,5123,92912,48642],{"id":92911},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[61,92913,92914],{},"range(input())",[14,92916,92917,3447,92919,137],{},[61,92918,2919],{},[61,92920,92921],{},"int(input())",[49,92923,1865],{"id":1864},[21,92925,92926,92930,92936,92942,92948],{},[24,92927,92928],{},[543,92929,35986],{"href":35985},[24,92931,92932],{},[543,92933,1877,92934,3472],{"href":42317},[61,92935,42320],{},[24,92937,92938],{},[543,92939,1877,92940,3472],{"href":91972},[61,92941,35706],{},[24,92943,92944],{},[543,92945,37476,92946,36566],{"href":36562},[61,92947,35706],{},[24,92949,92950],{},[543,92951,50482,92952],{"href":50481},[61,92953,50485],{},[1898,92955,92956],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":92958},[92959,92960,92962,92968,92976,92983,92985,92997,92998,93010],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":90812,"depth":78,"text":92961},"What range() does",{"id":90905,"depth":78,"text":92963,"children":92964},"range() syntax",[92965,92966,92967],{"id":90985,"depth":85,"text":90988},{"id":91049,"depth":85,"text":91052},{"id":91117,"depth":85,"text":91120},{"id":91188,"depth":78,"text":91189,"children":92969},[92970,92971,92972,92973,92974],{"id":91195,"depth":85,"text":90803},{"id":91258,"depth":85,"text":91261},{"id":91322,"depth":85,"text":91325},{"id":91398,"depth":85,"text":91399},{"id":76762,"depth":85,"text":92975},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91557,"depth":78,"text":92977,"children":92978},"Using range() in a for loop",[92979,92980,92981],{"id":91659,"depth":85,"text":91660},{"id":91704,"depth":85,"text":91705},{"id":91784,"depth":85,"text":92982},"range() and indexing",{"id":92059,"depth":78,"text":92984},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":92986},[92987,92988,92990,92991,92993,92995],{"id":92242,"depth":85,"text":92243},{"id":92338,"depth":85,"text":92989},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92404,"depth":85,"text":92405},{"id":92539,"depth":85,"text":92992},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92596,"depth":85,"text":92994},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92630,"depth":85,"text":92996},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92734,"depth":78,"text":92735},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":92999},[93000,93002,93004,93006,93008],{"id":92864,"depth":85,"text":93001},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92873,"depth":85,"text":93003},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92886,"depth":85,"text":93005},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92898,"depth":85,"text":93007},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92911,"depth":85,"text":93009},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90706,"description":93011},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93018,"title":93019,"body":93020,"description":94692,"extension":1927,"meta":94693,"navigation":81,"path":94694,"seo":94695,"stem":94696,"__hash__":94697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93021,"toc":94665},[93022,93031,93038,93055,93071,93073,93122,93130,93134,93137,93157,93159,93223,93225,93268,93271,93317,93319,93352,93362,93368,93376,93393,93395,93426,93428,93453,93458,93468,93471,93541,93543,93574,93579,93584,93601,93603,93654,93656,93689,93692,93699,93704,93708,93724,93726,93770,93772,93818,93821,93834,93839,93843,93857,93859,93910,93912,93945,93950,93952,93959,93961,93984,93986,94051,94053,94070,94073,94106,94108,94136,94146,94153,94157,94160,94178,94181,94209,94212,94230,94235,94241,94244,94266,94268,94296,94298,94301,94326,94329,94442,94444,94523,94525,94531,94536,94544,94552,94556,94559,94561,94594,94596,94604,94610,94617,94624,94627,94629,94662],[10,93023,1877,93025,10557,93027,93030],{"id":93024},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[61,93026,36155],{},[61,93028,93029],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93032,93033,40,93035,93037],{},[61,93034,36155],{},[61,93036,93029],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[21,93039,93040,93048],{},[24,93041,93042,93044,93045],{},[61,93043,36155],{}," creates a ",[37,93046,93047],{},"range object",[24,93049,93050,93044,93052],{},[61,93051,93029],{},[37,93053,93054],{},"real list",[14,93056,93057,93058,93060,93061,93064,93065,93067,93068,93070],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[61,93059,90803],{}," to behave exactly like ",[61,93062,93063],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[61,93066,36155],{}," for looping, and only use ",[61,93069,93029],{}," when you actually need a list.",[49,93072,3572],{"id":3571},[54,93074,93076],{"className":56,"code":93075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,93077,93078,93092,93105],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93079,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93081,1161],{"class":74},[64,93083,92],{"class":91},[64,93085,54029],{"class":211},[64,93087,144],{"class":95},[64,93089,385],{"class":99},[64,93091,150],{"class":95},[64,93093,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93095,212],{"class":211},[64,93097,144],{"class":95},[64,93099,3611],{"class":140},[64,93101,219],{"class":95},[64,93103,93104],{"class":222},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[64,93106,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93108,212],{"class":211},[64,93110,144],{"class":95},[64,93112,8064],{"class":1778},[64,93114,144],{"class":95},[64,93116,3611],{"class":140},[64,93118,5328],{"class":95},[64,93120,93121],{"class":222},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93123,256,93124,93126,93127,93129],{},[61,93125,36155],{}," for looping. Use ",[61,93128,93029],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[49,93131,93133],{"id":93132},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93135,93136],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[21,93138,93139,93146,93151,93154],{},[24,93140,93141,21928,93143,93145],{},[61,93142,36155],{},[37,93144,93047],{},", not a list",[24,93147,93148,93150],{},[61,93149,93029],{}," converts that range object into a list",[24,93152,93153],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[24,93155,93156],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93158,318],{},[54,93160,93162],{"className":56,"code":93161,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[61,93163,93164,93179,93198,93202,93212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93165,93166,93169,93171,93173,93175,93177],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93167,93168],{"class":74},"r ",[64,93170,92],{"class":91},[64,93172,54029],{"class":211},[64,93174,144],{"class":95},[64,93176,385],{"class":99},[64,93178,150],{"class":95},[64,93180,93181,93184,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194,93196],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93182,93183],{"class":74},"lst ",[64,93185,92],{"class":91},[64,93187,22513],{"class":1778},[64,93189,144],{"class":95},[64,93191,59947],{"class":211},[64,93193,144],{"class":95},[64,93195,385],{"class":99},[64,93197,1737],{"class":95},[64,93199,93200],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93201,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,93203,93204,93206,93208,93210],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,93205,212],{"class":211},[64,93207,144],{"class":95},[64,93209,60454],{"class":140},[64,93211,150],{"class":95},[64,93213,93214,93216,93218,93221],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,93215,212],{"class":211},[64,93217,144],{"class":95},[64,93219,93220],{"class":140},"lst",[64,93222,150],{"class":95},[14,93224,2035],{},[54,93226,93228],{"className":56,"code":93227,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[61,93229,93230,93244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93231,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93233,59947],{"class":211},[64,93235,144],{"class":95},[64,93237,187],{"class":99},[64,93239,103],{"class":95},[64,93241,4570],{"class":99},[64,93243,150],{"class":95},[64,93245,93246,93248,93250,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260,93262,93264,93266],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93247,184],{"class":95},[64,93249,187],{"class":99},[64,93251,103],{"class":95},[64,93253,5465],{"class":99},[64,93255,103],{"class":95},[64,93257,106],{"class":99},[64,93259,103],{"class":95},[64,93261,743],{"class":99},[64,93263,103],{"class":95},[64,93265,120],{"class":99},[64,93267,746],{"class":95},[14,93269,93270],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[54,93272,93274],{"className":56,"code":93273,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[61,93275,93276,93294],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93277,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93279,212],{"class":211},[64,93281,144],{"class":95},[64,93283,1779],{"class":1778},[64,93285,144],{"class":95},[64,93287,59947],{"class":211},[64,93289,144],{"class":95},[64,93291,385],{"class":99},[64,93293,2873],{"class":95},[64,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93297,212],{"class":211},[64,93299,144],{"class":95},[64,93301,1779],{"class":1778},[64,93303,144],{"class":95},[64,93305,8064],{"class":1778},[64,93307,144],{"class":95},[64,93309,59947],{"class":211},[64,93311,144],{"class":95},[64,93313,385],{"class":99},[64,93315,93316],{"class":95},"))))\n",[14,93318,2035],{},[54,93320,93322],{"className":56,"code":93321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[61,93323,93324,93338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93325,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334,93336],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93327,3250],{"class":91},[64,93329,3253],{"class":2029},[64,93331,3256],{"class":1418},[64,93333,59947],{"class":1422},[64,93335,3261],{"class":1418},[64,93337,3264],{"class":91},[64,93339,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93341,3250],{"class":91},[64,93343,3253],{"class":2029},[64,93345,3256],{"class":1418},[64,93347,8064],{"class":1422},[64,93349,3261],{"class":1418},[64,93351,3264],{"class":91},[14,93353,93354,93355,93357,93358,137],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[61,93356,36155],{}," works, see ",[543,93359,1877,93360,3472],{"href":93013},[61,93361,36155],{},[49,93363,3639,93365,93367],{"id":93364},"what-range-gives-you",[61,93366,36155],{}," gives you",[14,93369,93370,93372,93373,93375],{},[61,93371,36155],{}," is most often used in ",[61,93374,5926],{}," loops.",[21,93377,93378,93381,93384,93387],{},[24,93379,93380],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[24,93382,93383],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[24,93385,93386],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[24,93388,93389,93390],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[61,93391,93392],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93394,318],{},[54,93396,93398],{"className":56,"code":93397,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[61,93399,93400,93416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93401,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93403,5926],{"class":70},[64,93405,69498],{"class":74},[64,93407,3847],{"class":70},[64,93409,54029],{"class":211},[64,93411,144],{"class":95},[64,93413,385],{"class":99},[64,93415,8312],{"class":95},[64,93417,93418,93420,93422,93424],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93419,8039],{"class":211},[64,93421,144],{"class":95},[64,93423,36112],{"class":140},[64,93425,150],{"class":95},[14,93427,2035],{},[54,93429,93431],{"className":56,"code":93430,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[61,93432,93433,93437,93441,93445,93449],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93434,93435],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93436,47210],{"class":99},[64,93438,93439],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93440,46875],{"class":99},[64,93442,93443],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93444,17009],{"class":99},[64,93446,93447],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,93448,46575],{"class":99},[64,93450,93451],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,93452,48608],{"class":99},[14,93454,20724,93455,93457],{},[61,93456,90803],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93459,1638,93460,93462,93463,137],{},[61,93461,36155],{}," is so common with ",[543,93464,1877,93466,90834],{"href":93465},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[61,93467,5926],{},[14,93469,93470],{},"You can also inspect it:",[54,93472,93474],{"className":56,"code":93473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[61,93475,93476,93498,93502,93512,93526],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93477,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93479,93168],{"class":74},[64,93481,92],{"class":91},[64,93483,54029],{"class":211},[64,93485,144],{"class":95},[64,93487,2021],{"class":99},[64,93489,103],{"class":95},[64,93491,5973],{"class":99},[64,93493,103],{"class":95},[64,93495,106],{"class":99},[64,93497,150],{"class":95},[64,93499,93500],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93501,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,93503,93504,93506,93508,93510],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93505,212],{"class":211},[64,93507,144],{"class":95},[64,93509,60454],{"class":140},[64,93511,150],{"class":95},[64,93513,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,93515,212],{"class":211},[64,93517,144],{"class":95},[64,93519,11134],{"class":211},[64,93521,144],{"class":95},[64,93523,60454],{"class":140},[64,93525,1737],{"class":95},[64,93527,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536,93539],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,93529,212],{"class":211},[64,93531,144],{"class":95},[64,93533,80543],{"class":99},[64,93535,21127],{"class":70},[64,93537,93538],{"class":140}," r",[64,93540,150],{"class":95},[14,93542,2035],{},[54,93544,93546],{"className":56,"code":93545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[61,93547,93548,93566,93570],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93551,59947],{"class":211},[64,93553,144],{"class":95},[64,93555,2021],{"class":99},[64,93557,103],{"class":95},[64,93559,5973],{"class":99},[64,93561,103],{"class":95},[64,93563,106],{"class":99},[64,93565,150],{"class":95},[64,93567,93568],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93569,48608],{"class":99},[64,93571,93572],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93573,3943],{"class":3816},[49,93575,3639,93577,93367],{"id":93576},"what-listrange-gives-you",[61,93578,93029],{},[14,93580,93581,93583],{},[61,93582,93029],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[21,93585,93586,93589,93592,93595],{},[24,93587,93588],{},"It creates all values at once",[24,93590,93591],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[24,93593,93594],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[24,93596,93597,93598,93600],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[61,93599,36155],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93602,318],{},[54,93604,93606],{"className":56,"code":93605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[61,93607,93608,93626,93630,93640],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93609,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93611,1161],{"class":74},[64,93613,92],{"class":91},[64,93615,22513],{"class":1778},[64,93617,144],{"class":95},[64,93619,59947],{"class":211},[64,93621,144],{"class":95},[64,93623,385],{"class":99},[64,93625,1737],{"class":95},[64,93627,93628],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93629,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,93631,93632,93634,93636,93638],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93633,212],{"class":211},[64,93635,144],{"class":95},[64,93637,3611],{"class":140},[64,93639,150],{"class":95},[64,93641,93642,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,93643,212],{"class":211},[64,93645,144],{"class":95},[64,93647,3611],{"class":140},[64,93649,184],{"class":95},[64,93651,2021],{"class":99},[64,93653,393],{"class":95},[14,93655,2035],{},[54,93657,93659],{"className":56,"code":93658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[61,93660,93661,93685],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93662,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93664,184],{"class":95},[64,93666,187],{"class":99},[64,93668,103],{"class":95},[64,93670,5465],{"class":99},[64,93672,103],{"class":95},[64,93674,106],{"class":99},[64,93676,103],{"class":95},[64,93678,743],{"class":99},[64,93680,103],{"class":95},[64,93682,120],{"class":99},[64,93684,746],{"class":95},[64,93686,93687],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93688,17009],{"class":99},[14,93690,93691],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93693,93694,93695,137],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[543,93696,1877,93697,3472],{"href":64797},[61,93698,24735],{},[49,93700,4925,93702],{"id":93701},"when-to-use-range",[61,93703,36155],{},[14,93705,256,93706,10573],{},[61,93707,36155],{},[21,93709,93710,93715,93718,93721],{},[24,93711,93712,93713,91563],{},"You are writing a ",[61,93714,5926],{},[24,93716,93717],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[24,93719,93720],{},"You are working with large sequences",[24,93722,93723],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93725,318],{},[54,93727,93729],{"className":56,"code":93728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[61,93730,93731,93751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93732,93733,93735,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93734,5926],{"class":70},[64,93736,69498],{"class":74},[64,93738,3847],{"class":70},[64,93740,54029],{"class":211},[64,93742,144],{"class":95},[64,93744,100],{"class":99},[64,93746,103],{"class":95},[64,93748,390],{"class":99},[64,93750,8312],{"class":95},[64,93752,93753,93755,93757,93759,93762,93764,93766,93768],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93754,8039],{"class":211},[64,93756,144],{"class":95},[64,93758,1419],{"class":1418},[64,93760,93761],{"class":1422},"Count:",[64,93763,1419],{"class":1418},[64,93765,103],{"class":95},[64,93767,36087],{"class":140},[64,93769,150],{"class":95},[14,93771,2035],{},[54,93773,93775],{"className":56,"code":93774,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[61,93776,93777,93786,93794,93802,93810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93778,93779,93782,93784],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93780,93781],{"class":74},"Count",[64,93783,1117],{"class":95},[64,93785,29569],{"class":99},[64,93787,93788,93790,93792],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93789,93781],{"class":74},[64,93791,1117],{"class":95},[64,93793,45547],{"class":99},[64,93795,93796,93798,93800],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93797,93781],{"class":74},[64,93799,1117],{"class":95},[64,93801,2540],{"class":99},[64,93803,93804,93806,93808],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,93805,93781],{"class":74},[64,93807,1117],{"class":95},[64,93809,23617],{"class":99},[64,93811,93812,93814,93816],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,93813,93781],{"class":74},[64,93815,1117],{"class":95},[64,93817,34800],{"class":99},[14,93819,93820],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93822,93823,93824,93826,93827,62237,93829,137],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[61,93825,35706],{}," is often a better choice than ",[61,93828,36556],{},[543,93830,36563,93832,36566],{"href":93831},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[61,93833,35706],{},[49,93835,4925,93837],{"id":93836},"when-to-use-listrange",[61,93838,93029],{},[14,93840,256,93841,10573],{},[61,93842,93029],{},[21,93844,93845,93848,93851,93854],{},[24,93846,93847],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[24,93849,93850],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[24,93852,93853],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[24,93855,93856],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93858,318],{},[54,93860,93862],{"className":56,"code":93861,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,93863,93864,93882,93896,93900],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93865,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874,93876,93878,93880],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93867,1161],{"class":74},[64,93869,92],{"class":91},[64,93871,22513],{"class":1778},[64,93873,144],{"class":95},[64,93875,59947],{"class":211},[64,93877,144],{"class":95},[64,93879,385],{"class":99},[64,93881,1737],{"class":95},[64,93883,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,93885,3611],{"class":74},[64,93887,137],{"class":95},[64,93889,193],{"class":140},[64,93891,144],{"class":95},[64,93893,385],{"class":99},[64,93895,150],{"class":95},[64,93897,93898],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,93899,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,93901,93902,93904,93906,93908],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,93903,212],{"class":211},[64,93905,144],{"class":95},[64,93907,3611],{"class":140},[64,93909,150],{"class":95},[14,93911,2035],{},[54,93913,93915],{"className":56,"code":93914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[61,93916,93917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93918,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93920,184],{"class":95},[64,93922,187],{"class":99},[64,93924,103],{"class":95},[64,93926,5465],{"class":99},[64,93928,103],{"class":95},[64,93930,106],{"class":99},[64,93932,103],{"class":95},[64,93934,743],{"class":99},[64,93936,103],{"class":95},[64,93938,120],{"class":99},[64,93940,103],{"class":95},[64,93942,4570],{"class":99},[64,93944,746],{"class":95},[14,93946,6029,93947,93949],{},[61,93948,3611],{}," is a list.",[49,93951,15549],{"id":15548},[14,93953,93954,93956,93957,137],{},[61,93955,36155],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[37,93958,37555],{},[14,93960,304],{},[21,93962,93963,93965,93970,93975,93978],{},[24,93964,21938],{},[24,93966,93967,93968],{},"You can check its length with ",[61,93969,42320],{},[24,93971,93972,93973],{},"You can test membership with ",[61,93974,3847],{},[24,93976,93977],{},"You can index it",[24,93979,93980,93981,93983],{},"But list methods such as ",[61,93982,52612],{}," do not work on it",[14,93985,318],{},[54,93987,93989],{"className":56,"code":93988,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[61,93990,93991,94005,94009,94023,94037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,93992,93993,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93994,93168],{"class":74},[64,93996,92],{"class":91},[64,93998,54029],{"class":211},[64,94000,144],{"class":95},[64,94002,385],{"class":99},[64,94004,150],{"class":95},[64,94006,94007],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94008,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,94010,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,94012,212],{"class":211},[64,94014,144],{"class":95},[64,94016,60454],{"class":140},[64,94018,184],{"class":95},[64,94020,2021],{"class":99},[64,94022,393],{"class":95},[64,94024,94025,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,94026,212],{"class":211},[64,94028,144],{"class":95},[64,94030,11134],{"class":211},[64,94032,144],{"class":95},[64,94034,60454],{"class":140},[64,94036,1737],{"class":95},[64,94038,94039,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,94040,212],{"class":211},[64,94042,144],{"class":95},[64,94044,115],{"class":99},[64,94046,21127],{"class":70},[64,94048,93538],{"class":140},[64,94050,150],{"class":95},[14,94052,2035],{},[54,94054,94056],{"className":56,"code":94055,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[61,94057,94058,94062,94066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94059,94060],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94061,17009],{"class":99},[64,94063,94064],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94065,2908],{"class":99},[64,94067,94068],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,94069,3943],{"class":3816},[14,94071,94072],{},"Now compare that with this:",[54,94074,94076],{"className":56,"code":94075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[61,94077,94078,94092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94079,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94081,93168],{"class":74},[64,94083,92],{"class":91},[64,94085,54029],{"class":211},[64,94087,144],{"class":95},[64,94089,385],{"class":99},[64,94091,150],{"class":95},[64,94093,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94095,60454],{"class":74},[64,94097,137],{"class":95},[64,94099,193],{"class":140},[64,94101,144],{"class":95},[64,94103,385],{"class":99},[64,94105,150],{"class":95},[14,94107,2035],{},[54,94109,94111],{"className":56,"code":94110,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[61,94112,94113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94114,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127,94130,94132,94134],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94116,25626],{"class":1778},[64,94118,1117],{"class":95},[64,94120,3256],{"class":1418},[64,94122,59947],{"class":1422},[64,94124,3261],{"class":1418},[64,94126,24571],{"class":1778},[64,94128,94129],{"class":74}," has no attribute ",[64,94131,3261],{"class":1418},[64,94133,193],{"class":1422},[64,94135,29654],{"class":1418},[14,94137,94138,94139,2153,94141,2157,94143,94145],{},"If you need methods like ",[61,94140,52612],{},[61,94142,55486],{},[61,94144,64261],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94147,94148,94149,137],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[543,94150,25634,94151],{"href":35376},[61,94152,34212],{},[49,94154,94156],{"id":94155},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94158,94159],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[54,94161,94162],{"className":56,"code":92639,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,94163,94164],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94165,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174,94176],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94167,212],{"class":211},[64,94169,144],{"class":95},[64,94171,59947],{"class":211},[64,94173,144],{"class":95},[64,94175,385],{"class":99},[64,94177,1737],{"class":95},[14,94179,94180],{},"to show:",[54,94182,94183],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,94184,94185],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94186,94187,94189,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94188,184],{"class":95},[64,94190,187],{"class":99},[64,94192,103],{"class":95},[64,94194,5465],{"class":99},[64,94196,103],{"class":95},[64,94198,106],{"class":99},[64,94200,103],{"class":95},[64,94202,743],{"class":99},[64,94204,103],{"class":95},[64,94206,120],{"class":99},[64,94208,746],{"class":95},[14,94210,94211],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[54,94213,94214],{"className":56,"code":92660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,94215,94216],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94217,94218,94220,94222,94224,94226,94228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94219,59947],{"class":211},[64,94221,144],{"class":95},[64,94223,187],{"class":99},[64,94225,103],{"class":95},[64,94227,4570],{"class":99},[64,94229,150],{"class":95},[14,94231,4593,94232,94234],{},[37,94233,300],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94236,94237,94238,94240],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[37,94239,93047],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94242,94243],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[54,94245,94246],{"className":56,"code":90996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,94247,94248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94249,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94251,212],{"class":211},[64,94253,144],{"class":95},[64,94255,8064],{"class":1778},[64,94257,144],{"class":95},[64,94259,59947],{"class":211},[64,94261,144],{"class":95},[64,94263,385],{"class":99},[64,94265,2873],{"class":95},[14,94267,2035],{},[54,94269,94270],{"className":56,"code":59970,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,94271,94272],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94273,94274,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94275,184],{"class":95},[64,94277,187],{"class":99},[64,94279,103],{"class":95},[64,94281,5465],{"class":99},[64,94283,103],{"class":95},[64,94285,106],{"class":99},[64,94287,103],{"class":95},[64,94289,743],{"class":99},[64,94291,103],{"class":95},[64,94293,120],{"class":99},[64,94295,746],{"class":95},[49,94297,1646],{"id":1645},[14,94299,94300],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[21,94302,94303,94309,94312,94318],{},[24,94304,1654,94305,94308],{},[61,94306,94307],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[24,94310,94311],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[24,94313,94314,94315,94317],{},"Not realizing that ",[61,94316,36155],{}," is iterable but not a list",[24,94319,1654,94320,94322,94323,94325],{},[61,94321,93029],{}," when plain ",[61,94324,36155],{}," would be simpler",[14,94327,94328],{},"These quick checks can help:",[54,94330,94332],{"className":56,"code":94331,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[61,94333,94334,94348,94366,94384,94406,94424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94335,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94337,212],{"class":211},[64,94339,144],{"class":95},[64,94341,59947],{"class":211},[64,94343,144],{"class":95},[64,94345,385],{"class":99},[64,94347,1737],{"class":95},[64,94349,94350,94352,94354,94356,94358,94360,94362,94364],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94351,212],{"class":211},[64,94353,144],{"class":95},[64,94355,8064],{"class":1778},[64,94357,144],{"class":95},[64,94359,59947],{"class":211},[64,94361,144],{"class":95},[64,94363,385],{"class":99},[64,94365,2873],{"class":95},[64,94367,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380,94382],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,94369,212],{"class":211},[64,94371,144],{"class":95},[64,94373,1779],{"class":1778},[64,94375,144],{"class":95},[64,94377,59947],{"class":211},[64,94379,144],{"class":95},[64,94381,385],{"class":99},[64,94383,2873],{"class":95},[64,94385,94386,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,94387,212],{"class":211},[64,94389,144],{"class":95},[64,94391,1779],{"class":1778},[64,94393,144],{"class":95},[64,94395,8064],{"class":1778},[64,94397,144],{"class":95},[64,94399,59947],{"class":211},[64,94401,144],{"class":95},[64,94403,385],{"class":99},[64,94405,93316],{"class":95},[64,94407,94408,94410,94412,94414,94416,94418,94420,94422],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,94409,212],{"class":211},[64,94411,144],{"class":95},[64,94413,115],{"class":99},[64,94415,21127],{"class":70},[64,94417,54029],{"class":211},[64,94419,144],{"class":95},[64,94421,385],{"class":99},[64,94423,1737],{"class":95},[64,94425,94426,94428,94430,94432,94434,94436,94438,94440],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,94427,212],{"class":211},[64,94429,144],{"class":95},[64,94431,11134],{"class":211},[64,94433,144],{"class":95},[64,94435,59947],{"class":211},[64,94437,144],{"class":95},[64,94439,385],{"class":99},[64,94441,2873],{"class":95},[14,94443,2035],{},[54,94445,94447],{"className":56,"code":94446,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[61,94448,94449,94463,94487,94501,94515,94519],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94450,94451,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94452,59947],{"class":211},[64,94454,144],{"class":95},[64,94456,187],{"class":99},[64,94458,103],{"class":95},[64,94460,4570],{"class":99},[64,94462,150],{"class":95},[64,94464,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94466,184],{"class":95},[64,94468,187],{"class":99},[64,94470,103],{"class":95},[64,94472,5465],{"class":99},[64,94474,103],{"class":95},[64,94476,106],{"class":99},[64,94478,103],{"class":95},[64,94480,743],{"class":99},[64,94482,103],{"class":95},[64,94484,120],{"class":99},[64,94486,746],{"class":95},[64,94488,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,94490,3250],{"class":91},[64,94492,3253],{"class":2029},[64,94494,3256],{"class":1418},[64,94496,59947],{"class":1422},[64,94498,3261],{"class":1418},[64,94500,3264],{"class":91},[64,94502,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,94504,3250],{"class":91},[64,94506,3253],{"class":2029},[64,94508,3256],{"class":1418},[64,94510,8064],{"class":1422},[64,94512,3261],{"class":1418},[64,94514,3264],{"class":91},[64,94516,94517],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,94518,3943],{"class":3816},[64,94520,94521],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,94522,2908],{"class":99},[49,94524,1826],{"id":1825},[816,94526,14857,94528,94530],{"id":94527},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[61,94529,36155],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94532,46323,94533,94535],{},[61,94534,36155],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[816,94537,94539,94540,11064,94542,2456],{"id":94538},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[61,94541,36155],{},[61,94543,93029],{},[14,94545,94546,94548,94549,94551],{},[61,94547,36155],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[61,94550,93029],{}," creates a full list.",[816,94553,94555],{"id":94554},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94557,94558],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94560,318],{},[54,94562,94564],{"className":56,"code":94563,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[61,94565,94566,94580],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94567,94568,94570,94572,94574,94576,94578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94569,93168],{"class":74},[64,94571,92],{"class":91},[64,94573,54029],{"class":211},[64,94575,144],{"class":95},[64,94577,385],{"class":99},[64,94579,150],{"class":95},[64,94581,94582,94584,94586,94588,94590,94592],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94583,212],{"class":211},[64,94585,144],{"class":95},[64,94587,60454],{"class":140},[64,94589,184],{"class":95},[64,94591,100],{"class":99},[64,94593,393],{"class":95},[14,94595,2035],{},[54,94597,94598],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,94599,94600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94601,94602],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94603,46875],{"class":99},[816,94605,5123,94607,94609],{"id":94606},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[61,94608,94307],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94611,94612,94613,94616],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[61,94614,94615],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[816,94618,94620,94621,94623],{"id":94619},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[61,94622,36155],{}," to a list?",[14,94625,94626],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[49,94628,1865],{"id":1864},[21,94630,94631,94637,94643,94650,94656],{},[24,94632,94633],{},[543,94634,1877,94635,3472],{"href":93013},[61,94636,36155],{},[24,94638,94639],{},[543,94640,1877,94641,3472],{"href":64797},[61,94642,24735],{},[24,94644,94645],{},[543,94646,1877,94647,94649],{"href":93465},[61,94648,5926],{}," loops explained",[24,94651,94652],{},[543,94653,37476,94654,36566],{"href":93831},[61,94655,35706],{},[24,94657,94658],{},[543,94659,26077,94660],{"href":35376},[61,94661,34212],{},[1898,94663,94664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":94666},[94667,94668,94669,94671,94673,94675,94677,94678,94679,94680,94691],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":93132,"depth":78,"text":93133},{"id":93364,"depth":78,"text":94670},"What range() gives you",{"id":93576,"depth":78,"text":94672},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93701,"depth":78,"text":94674},"When to use range()",{"id":93836,"depth":78,"text":94676},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15548,"depth":78,"text":15549},{"id":94155,"depth":78,"text":94156},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":94681},[94682,94684,94686,94687,94689],{"id":94527,"depth":85,"text":94683},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94538,"depth":85,"text":94685},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94554,"depth":85,"text":94555},{"id":94606,"depth":85,"text":94688},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94619,"depth":85,"text":94690},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93019,"description":94692},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94699,"title":94700,"body":94701,"description":96137,"extension":1927,"meta":96138,"navigation":81,"path":96139,"seo":96140,"stem":96141,"__hash__":96142},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94702,"toc":96103},[94703,94709,94714,94717,94731,94734,94736,94775,94777,94790,94798,94803,94819,94822,94824,94826,94847,94864,94867,94926,94928,94947,94952,94958,94961,94995,94997,95010,95013,95058,95060,95083,95090,95096,95099,95140,95142,95156,95159,95217,95219,95234,95247,95253,95259,95324,95326,95345,95347,95365,95368,95372,95378,95380,95413,95415,95428,95438,95441,95502,95504,95525,95528,95530,95546,95551,95555,95560,95565,95621,95623,95641,95644,95689,95691,95699,95704,95708,95722,95724,95756,95758,95767,95769,95773,95782,95785,95817,95819,95831,95834,95838,95843,95884,95886,95894,95897,95920,95924,95926,95935,95938,95991,95993,96002,96006,96011,96022,96024,96033,96036,96042,96045,96051,96061,96069,96076,96078,96100],[10,94704,1877,94706,3542],{"id":94705},"python-round-function-explained",[61,94707,94708],{},"round()",[14,94710,9094,94711,94713],{},[61,94712,94708],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94715,94716],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[21,94718,94719,94725],{},[24,94720,94721,94724],{},[61,94722,94723],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[24,94726,94727,94730],{},[61,94728,94729],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94732,94733],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[49,94735,52],{"id":51},[54,94737,94739],{"className":56,"code":94738,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[61,94740,94741,94757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94742,94743,94745,94747,94750,94752,94755],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94744,212],{"class":211},[64,94746,144],{"class":95},[64,94748,94749],{"class":211},"round",[64,94751,144],{"class":95},[64,94753,94754],{"class":99},"3.14159",[64,94756,1737],{"class":95},[64,94758,94759,94761,94763,94765,94767,94769,94771,94773],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94760,212],{"class":211},[64,94762,144],{"class":95},[64,94764,94749],{"class":211},[64,94766,144],{"class":95},[64,94768,94754],{"class":99},[64,94770,103],{"class":95},[64,94772,106],{"class":99},[64,94774,1737],{"class":95},[14,94776,2035],{},[54,94778,94780],{"className":56,"code":94779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n3.14\n",[61,94781,94782,94786],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94783,94784],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94785,46575],{"class":99},[64,94787,94788],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94789,40135],{"class":99},[14,94791,256,94792,94794,94795,94797],{},[61,94793,94723],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[61,94796,94729],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[49,94799,3639,94801,3642],{"id":94800},"what-round-does",[61,94802,94708],{},[21,94804,94805,94810,94813,94816],{},[24,94806,94807,94809],{},[61,94808,94708],{}," is a built-in Python function",[24,94811,94812],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[24,94814,94815],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[24,94817,94818],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94820,94821],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[49,94823,2120],{"id":2119},[14,94825,2123],{},[54,94827,94829],{"className":56,"code":94828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[61,94830,94831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94832,94833,94835,94837,94839,94842,94845],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94834,94749],{"class":211},[64,94836,144],{"class":95},[64,94838,2204],{"class":140},[64,94840,94841],{"class":95},"[,",[64,94843,94844],{"class":140}," ndigits",[64,94846,393],{"class":95},[21,94848,94849,94854,94859],{},[24,94850,94851,94853],{},[61,94852,2204],{}," is the value to round",[24,94855,94856,19993],{},[61,94857,94858],{},"ndigits",[24,94860,94861,94863],{},[61,94862,94858],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94865,94866],{},"Basic examples:",[54,94868,94870],{"className":56,"code":94869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[61,94871,94872,94887,94905],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94873,94874,94876,94878,94880,94882,94885],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94875,212],{"class":211},[64,94877,144],{"class":95},[64,94879,94749],{"class":211},[64,94881,144],{"class":95},[64,94883,94884],{"class":99},"7.8",[64,94886,1737],{"class":95},[64,94888,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899,94901,94903],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94890,212],{"class":211},[64,94892,144],{"class":95},[64,94894,94749],{"class":211},[64,94896,144],{"class":95},[64,94898,94884],{"class":99},[64,94900,103],{"class":95},[64,94902,5465],{"class":99},[64,94904,1737],{"class":95},[64,94906,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915,94918,94920,94922,94924],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,94908,212],{"class":211},[64,94910,144],{"class":95},[64,94912,94749],{"class":211},[64,94914,144],{"class":95},[64,94916,94917],{"class":99},"1234",[64,94919,103],{"class":95},[64,94921,2186],{"class":91},[64,94923,2021],{"class":99},[64,94925,1737],{"class":95},[14,94927,2035],{},[54,94929,94931],{"className":56,"code":94930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[61,94932,94933,94937,94942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94934,94935],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94936,2345],{"class":99},[64,94938,94939],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94940,94941],{"class":99},"7.8\n",[64,94943,94944],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,94945,94946],{"class":99},"1200\n",[14,94948,94949,94950,137],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[543,94951,2384],{"href":2383},[49,94953,1654,94955,94957],{"id":94954},"using-round-with-one-argument",[61,94956,94708],{}," with one argument",[14,94959,94960],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[54,94962,94964],{"className":56,"code":94963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[61,94965,94966,94980],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,94967,94968,94970,94972,94974,94976,94978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94969,212],{"class":211},[64,94971,144],{"class":95},[64,94973,94749],{"class":211},[64,94975,144],{"class":95},[64,94977,2326],{"class":99},[64,94979,1737],{"class":95},[64,94981,94982,94984,94986,94988,94990,94993],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,94983,212],{"class":211},[64,94985,144],{"class":95},[64,94987,94749],{"class":211},[64,94989,144],{"class":95},[64,94991,94992],{"class":99},"4.8",[64,94994,1737],{"class":95},[14,94996,2035],{},[54,94998,95000],{"className":56,"code":94999,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4\n5\n",[61,95001,95002,95006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95003,95004],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95005,48608],{"class":99},[64,95007,95008],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95009,2908],{"class":99},[14,95011,95012],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[54,95014,95016],{"className":56,"code":95015,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,95017,95018,95034,95044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95019,95020,95022,95024,95027,95029,95032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95021,2194],{"class":74},[64,95023,92],{"class":91},[64,95025,95026],{"class":211}," round",[64,95028,144],{"class":95},[64,95030,95031],{"class":99},"10.2",[64,95033,150],{"class":95},[64,95035,95036,95038,95040,95042],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95037,212],{"class":211},[64,95039,144],{"class":95},[64,95041,2229],{"class":140},[64,95043,150],{"class":95},[64,95045,95046,95048,95050,95052,95054,95056],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95047,212],{"class":211},[64,95049,144],{"class":95},[64,95051,1779],{"class":1778},[64,95053,144],{"class":95},[64,95055,2229],{"class":140},[64,95057,1737],{"class":95},[14,95059,2035],{},[54,95061,95063],{"className":56,"code":95062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[61,95064,95065,95069],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95066,95067],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95068,2340],{"class":99},[64,95070,95071,95073,95075,95077,95079,95081],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95072,3250],{"class":91},[64,95074,3253],{"class":2029},[64,95076,3256],{"class":1418},[64,95078,2152],{"class":1422},[64,95080,3261],{"class":1418},[64,95082,3264],{"class":91},[14,95084,95085,95086,137],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[543,95087,1877,95088,3472],{"href":2835},[61,95089,2838],{},[49,95091,1654,95093,95095],{"id":95092},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[61,95094,94708],{}," with decimal places",[14,95097,95098],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[54,95100,95102],{"className":56,"code":95101,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[61,95103,95104,95122],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95105,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116,95118,95120],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95107,212],{"class":211},[64,95109,144],{"class":95},[64,95111,94749],{"class":211},[64,95113,144],{"class":95},[64,95115,94754],{"class":99},[64,95117,103],{"class":95},[64,95119,106],{"class":99},[64,95121,1737],{"class":95},[64,95123,95124,95126,95128,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95125,212],{"class":211},[64,95127,144],{"class":95},[64,95129,94749],{"class":211},[64,95131,144],{"class":95},[64,95133,94754],{"class":99},[64,95135,103],{"class":95},[64,95137,743],{"class":99},[64,95139,1737],{"class":95},[14,95141,2035],{},[54,95143,95145],{"className":56,"code":95144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n3.142\n",[61,95146,95147,95151],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95148,95149],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95150,40135],{"class":99},[64,95152,95153],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95154,95155],{"class":99},"3.142\n",[14,95157,95158],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[54,95160,95162],{"className":56,"code":95161,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[61,95163,95164,95173,95192,95196,95206],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95165,95166,95168,95170],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95167,40345],{"class":74},[64,95169,92],{"class":91},[64,95171,95172],{"class":99}," 19.9876\n",[64,95174,95175,95178,95180,95182,95184,95186,95188,95190],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95176,95177],{"class":74},"rounded_price ",[64,95179,92],{"class":91},[64,95181,95026],{"class":211},[64,95183,144],{"class":95},[64,95185,25104],{"class":140},[64,95187,103],{"class":95},[64,95189,106],{"class":99},[64,95191,150],{"class":95},[64,95193,95194],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95195,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,95197,95198,95200,95202,95204],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,95199,212],{"class":211},[64,95201,144],{"class":95},[64,95203,25104],{"class":140},[64,95205,150],{"class":95},[64,95207,95208,95210,95212,95215],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,95209,212],{"class":211},[64,95211,144],{"class":95},[64,95213,95214],{"class":140},"rounded_price",[64,95216,150],{"class":95},[14,95218,2035],{},[54,95220,95222],{"className":56,"code":95221,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[61,95223,95224,95229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95225,95226],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95227,95228],{"class":99},"19.9876\n",[64,95230,95231],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95232,95233],{"class":99},"19.99\n",[14,95235,95236,95237,95240,95241,2839,95243,137],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[61,95238,95239],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[543,95242,40850],{"href":40849},[543,95244,1877,95245,3472],{"href":2842},[61,95246,2845],{},[49,95248,95250,95251],{"id":95249},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[61,95252,94858],{},[14,95254,95255,95256,95258],{},"A negative ",[61,95257,94858],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[54,95260,95262],{"className":56,"code":95261,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[61,95263,95264,95284,95304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95265,95266,95268,95270,95272,95274,95276,95278,95280,95282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95267,212],{"class":211},[64,95269,144],{"class":95},[64,95271,94749],{"class":211},[64,95273,144],{"class":95},[64,95275,94917],{"class":99},[64,95277,103],{"class":95},[64,95279,2186],{"class":91},[64,95281,100],{"class":99},[64,95283,1737],{"class":95},[64,95285,95286,95288,95290,95292,95294,95296,95298,95300,95302],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95287,212],{"class":211},[64,95289,144],{"class":95},[64,95291,94749],{"class":211},[64,95293,144],{"class":95},[64,95295,94917],{"class":99},[64,95297,103],{"class":95},[64,95299,2186],{"class":91},[64,95301,2021],{"class":99},[64,95303,1737],{"class":95},[64,95305,95306,95308,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318,95320,95322],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95307,212],{"class":211},[64,95309,144],{"class":95},[64,95311,94749],{"class":211},[64,95313,144],{"class":95},[64,95315,94917],{"class":99},[64,95317,103],{"class":95},[64,95319,2186],{"class":91},[64,95321,115],{"class":99},[64,95323,1737],{"class":95},[14,95325,2035],{},[54,95327,95329],{"className":56,"code":95328,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[61,95330,95331,95336,95340],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95332,95333],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95334,95335],{"class":99},"1230\n",[64,95337,95338],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95339,94946],{"class":99},[64,95341,95342],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95343,95344],{"class":99},"1000\n",[14,95346,65534],{},[21,95348,95349,95354,95360],{},[24,95350,95351,95353],{},[61,95352,65804],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[24,95355,95356,95359],{},[61,95357,95358],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[24,95361,95362,95364],{},[61,95363,47628],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95366,95367],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[49,95369,95371],{"id":95370},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95373,95374,95375,137],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[61,95376,95377],{},".5",[14,95379,5439],{},[54,95381,95383],{"className":56,"code":95382,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[61,95384,95385,95399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95386,95387,95389,95391,95393,95395,95397],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95388,212],{"class":211},[64,95390,144],{"class":95},[64,95392,94749],{"class":211},[64,95394,144],{"class":95},[64,95396,41117],{"class":99},[64,95398,1737],{"class":95},[64,95400,95401,95403,95405,95407,95409,95411],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95402,212],{"class":211},[64,95404,144],{"class":95},[64,95406,94749],{"class":211},[64,95408,144],{"class":95},[64,95410,2004],{"class":99},[64,95412,1737],{"class":95},[14,95414,2035],{},[54,95416,95418],{"className":56,"code":95417,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n4\n",[61,95419,95420,95424],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95421,95422],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95423,17009],{"class":99},[64,95425,95426],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95427,48608],{"class":99},[14,95429,95430,95431,95434,95435,95437],{},"Python uses ",[37,95432,95433],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[61,95436,95377],{}," situations.",[14,95439,95440],{},"More examples:",[54,95442,95444],{"className":56,"code":95443,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[61,95445,95446,95460,95474,95488],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95447,95448,95450,95452,95454,95456,95458],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95449,212],{"class":211},[64,95451,144],{"class":95},[64,95453,94749],{"class":211},[64,95455,144],{"class":95},[64,95457,41130],{"class":99},[64,95459,1737],{"class":95},[64,95461,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470,95472],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95463,212],{"class":211},[64,95465,144],{"class":95},[64,95467,94749],{"class":211},[64,95469,144],{"class":95},[64,95471,41117],{"class":99},[64,95473,1737],{"class":95},[64,95475,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484,95486],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95477,212],{"class":211},[64,95479,144],{"class":95},[64,95481,94749],{"class":211},[64,95483,144],{"class":95},[64,95485,2004],{"class":99},[64,95487,1737],{"class":95},[64,95489,95490,95492,95494,95496,95498,95500],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,95491,212],{"class":211},[64,95493,144],{"class":95},[64,95495,94749],{"class":211},[64,95497,144],{"class":95},[64,95499,41082],{"class":99},[64,95501,1737],{"class":95},[14,95503,2035],{},[54,95505,95507],{"className":56,"code":95506,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[61,95508,95509,95513,95517,95521],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95510,95511],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95512,17009],{"class":99},[64,95514,95515],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95516,17009],{"class":99},[64,95518,95519],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95520,48608],{"class":99},[64,95522,95523],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,95524,48608],{"class":99},[14,95526,95527],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95529,10685],{},[21,95531,95532,95539],{},[24,95533,95534,2096,95537],{},[61,95535,95536],{},"round(2.5)",[61,95538,2021],{},[24,95540,95541,2096,95544],{},[61,95542,95543],{},"round(3.5)",[61,95545,772],{},[14,95547,3129,95548,95550],{},[61,95549,95377],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[49,95552,95554],{"id":95553},"return-values","Return values",[14,95556,95557,95559],{},[61,95558,94708],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95561,40864,95562,95564],{},[37,95563,300],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[54,95566,95568],{"className":56,"code":95567,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[61,95569,95570,95579,95583,95593,95611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95571,95572,95574,95576],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95573,2411],{"class":74},[64,95575,92],{"class":91},[64,95577,95578],{"class":99}," 3.14159\n",[64,95580,95581],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95582,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,95584,95585,95587,95589,95591],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95586,212],{"class":211},[64,95588,144],{"class":95},[64,95590,2436],{"class":140},[64,95592,150],{"class":95},[64,95594,95595,95597,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,95596,212],{"class":211},[64,95598,144],{"class":95},[64,95600,94749],{"class":211},[64,95602,144],{"class":95},[64,95604,2436],{"class":140},[64,95606,103],{"class":95},[64,95608,106],{"class":99},[64,95610,1737],{"class":95},[64,95612,95613,95615,95617,95619],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,95614,212],{"class":211},[64,95616,144],{"class":95},[64,95618,2436],{"class":140},[64,95620,150],{"class":95},[14,95622,2035],{},[54,95624,95626],{"className":56,"code":95625,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[61,95627,95628,95633,95637],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95629,95630],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95631,95632],{"class":99},"3.14159\n",[64,95634,95635],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95636,40135],{"class":99},[64,95638,95639],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95640,95632],{"class":99},[14,95642,95643],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[54,95645,95647],{"className":56,"code":95646,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[61,95648,95649,95657,95675,95679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95650,95651,95653,95655],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95652,2411],{"class":74},[64,95654,92],{"class":91},[64,95656,95578],{"class":99},[64,95658,95659,95661,95663,95665,95667,95669,95671,95673],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95660,2411],{"class":74},[64,95662,92],{"class":91},[64,95664,95026],{"class":211},[64,95666,144],{"class":95},[64,95668,2436],{"class":140},[64,95670,103],{"class":95},[64,95672,106],{"class":99},[64,95674,150],{"class":95},[64,95676,95677],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95678,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,95680,95681,95683,95685,95687],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,95682,212],{"class":211},[64,95684,144],{"class":95},[64,95686,2436],{"class":140},[64,95688,150],{"class":95},[14,95690,2035],{},[54,95692,95693],{"className":56,"code":40135,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,95694,95695],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95696,95697],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95698,40135],{"class":99},[49,95700,4925,95702],{"id":95701},"when-to-use-round",[61,95703,94708],{},[14,95705,256,95706,6287],{},[61,95707,94708],{},[21,95709,95710,95713,95716,95719],{},[24,95711,95712],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[24,95714,95715],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[24,95717,95718],{},"Round values before reporting results",[24,95720,95721],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95723,5439],{},[54,95725,95727],{"className":56,"code":95726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[61,95728,95729,95738],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95730,95731,95733,95735],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95732,2557],{"class":74},[64,95734,92],{"class":91},[64,95736,95737],{"class":99}," 12.67891\n",[64,95739,95740,95742,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752,95754],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95741,212],{"class":211},[64,95743,144],{"class":95},[64,95745,94749],{"class":211},[64,95747,144],{"class":95},[64,95749,2580],{"class":140},[64,95751,103],{"class":95},[64,95753,106],{"class":99},[64,95755,1737],{"class":95},[14,95757,2035],{},[54,95759,95761],{"className":56,"code":95760,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"12.68\n",[61,95762,95763],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95764,95765],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95766,95760],{"class":99},[49,95768,1646],{"id":1645},[14,95770,23048,95771,137],{},[61,95772,94708],{},[816,95774,8423,95776,95778,95779,95781],{"id":95775},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[61,95777,94708],{}," to always round ",[61,95780,95377],{}," upward",[14,95783,95784],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[54,95786,95787],{"className":56,"code":95382,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,95788,95789,95803],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95790,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799,95801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95792,212],{"class":211},[64,95794,144],{"class":95},[64,95796,94749],{"class":211},[64,95798,144],{"class":95},[64,95800,41117],{"class":99},[64,95802,1737],{"class":95},[64,95804,95805,95807,95809,95811,95813,95815],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95806,212],{"class":211},[64,95808,144],{"class":95},[64,95810,94749],{"class":211},[64,95812,144],{"class":95},[64,95814,2004],{"class":99},[64,95816,1737],{"class":95},[14,95818,2035],{},[54,95820,95821],{"className":56,"code":95417,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,95822,95823,95827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95824,95825],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95826,17009],{"class":99},[64,95828,95829],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95830,48608],{"class":99},[14,95832,95833],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[816,95835,95837],{"id":95836},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95839,95840,95842],{},[61,95841,94708],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[54,95844,95846],{"className":56,"code":95845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[61,95847,95848,95856,95870,95874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95849,95850,95852,95854],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95851,2411],{"class":74},[64,95853,92],{"class":91},[64,95855,95578],{"class":99},[64,95857,95858,95860,95862,95864,95866,95868],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95859,94749],{"class":211},[64,95861,144],{"class":95},[64,95863,2436],{"class":140},[64,95865,103],{"class":95},[64,95867,106],{"class":99},[64,95869,150],{"class":95},[64,95871,95872],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95873,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,95875,95876,95878,95880,95882],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,95877,212],{"class":211},[64,95879,144],{"class":95},[64,95881,2436],{"class":140},[64,95883,150],{"class":95},[14,95885,2035],{},[54,95887,95888],{"className":56,"code":95632,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,95889,95890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95891,95892],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95893,95632],{"class":99},[14,95895,95896],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[54,95898,95900],{"className":56,"code":95899,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[61,95901,95902],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95903,95904,95906,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95905,2411],{"class":74},[64,95907,92],{"class":91},[64,95909,95026],{"class":211},[64,95911,144],{"class":95},[64,95913,2436],{"class":140},[64,95915,103],{"class":95},[64,95917,106],{"class":99},[64,95919,150],{"class":95},[816,95921,95923],{"id":95922},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95925,16353],{},[54,95927,95929],{"className":56,"code":95928,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[61,95930,95931],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95932,95933],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95934,95928],{"class":222},[14,95936,95937],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[54,95939,95941],{"className":56,"code":95940,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[61,95942,95943,95955,95969,95973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95944,95945,95947,95949,95951,95953],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95946,34645],{"class":74},[64,95948,92],{"class":91},[64,95950,3315],{"class":1418},[64,95952,40101],{"class":1422},[64,95954,3321],{"class":1418},[64,95956,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,95958,2181],{"class":74},[64,95960,92],{"class":91},[64,95962,40213],{"class":1778},[64,95964,144],{"class":95},[64,95966,34666],{"class":140},[64,95968,150],{"class":95},[64,95970,95971],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,95972,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,95974,95975,95977,95979,95981,95983,95985,95987,95989],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,95976,212],{"class":211},[64,95978,144],{"class":95},[64,95980,94749],{"class":211},[64,95982,144],{"class":95},[64,95984,2204],{"class":140},[64,95986,103],{"class":95},[64,95988,5465],{"class":99},[64,95990,1737],{"class":95},[14,95992,2035],{},[54,95994,95996],{"className":56,"code":95995,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.1\n",[61,95997,95998],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,95999,96000],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96001,95995],{"class":99},[816,96003,96005],{"id":96004},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96007,96008,96010],{},[61,96009,94708],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96012,96013,96014,2839,96018,137],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[543,96015,96016],{"href":2842},[61,96017,2845],{},[543,96019,96020],{"href":2835},[61,96021,2838],{},[49,96023,1826],{"id":1825},[816,96025,12670,96027,96029,96030,96032],{"id":96026},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[61,96028,94708],{}," always round ",[61,96031,40172],{}," up?",[14,96034,96035],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[816,96037,12670,96039,96041],{"id":96038},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[61,96040,94708],{}," change the original number?",[14,96043,96044],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[816,96046,5135,96048,96050],{"id":96047},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[61,96049,94708],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96052,96053,96054,96056,96057,2839,96059,137],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[61,96055,94858],{}," value like ",[61,96058,65804],{},[61,96060,95358],{},[816,96062,28282,96064,96066,96067,2456],{"id":96063},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[61,96065,94708],{}," on a string like ",[61,96068,48052],{},[14,96070,96071,96072,2839,96074,137],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[61,96073,2845],{},[61,96075,2838],{},[49,96077,1865],{"id":1864},[21,96079,96080,96086,96092,96096],{},[24,96081,96082],{},[543,96083,1877,96084,3472],{"href":2842},[61,96085,2845],{},[24,96087,96088],{},[543,96089,1877,96090,3472],{"href":2835},[61,96091,2838],{},[24,96093,96094],{},[543,96095,2384],{"href":2383},[24,96097,96098],{},[543,96099,42140],{"href":40849},[1898,96101,96102],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":96104},[96105,96106,96108,96109,96111,96113,96115,96116,96117,96119,96126,96136],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":94800,"depth":78,"text":96107},"What round() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":94954,"depth":78,"text":96110},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95092,"depth":78,"text":96112},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95249,"depth":78,"text":96114},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95370,"depth":78,"text":95371},{"id":95553,"depth":78,"text":95554},{"id":95701,"depth":78,"text":96118},"When to use round()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":96120},[96121,96123,96124,96125],{"id":95775,"depth":85,"text":96122},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95836,"depth":85,"text":95837},{"id":95922,"depth":85,"text":95923},{"id":96004,"depth":85,"text":96005},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":96127},[96128,96130,96132,96134],{"id":96026,"depth":85,"text":96129},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96038,"depth":85,"text":96131},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96047,"depth":85,"text":96133},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96063,"depth":85,"text":96135},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94700,"description":96137},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96144,"title":96145,"body":96146,"description":97331,"extension":1927,"meta":97332,"navigation":81,"path":97333,"seo":97334,"stem":97335,"__hash__":97336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96147,"toc":97305},[96148,96155,96161,96164,96166,96215,96219,96244,96249,96254,96259,96273,96284,96286,96305,96307,96323,96326,96337,96339,96341,96402,96406,96439,96446,96453,96456,96489,96492,96496,96499,96552,96556,96577,96583,96590,96597,96658,96666,96743,96747,96759,96768,96770,96776,96782,96786,96839,96842,96900,96904,96912,96915,96919,96922,96932,96934,97031,97034,97045,97048,97091,97095,97119,97122,97128,97130,97134,97159,97161,97228,97237,97239,97245,97250,97254,97257,97261,97268,97272,97277,97279,97296,97302],[10,96149,96151,96152,11295],{"id":96150},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[61,96153,96154],{},"add()",[14,96156,96157,96160],{},[61,96158,96159],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96162,96163],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[49,96165,52],{"id":51},[54,96167,96169],{"className":56,"code":96168,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,96170,96171,96191,96205],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96172,96173,96175,96177,96179,96181,96183,96185,96187,96189],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96174,1161],{"class":74},[64,96176,92],{"class":91},[64,96178,1415],{"class":95},[64,96180,100],{"class":99},[64,96182,103],{"class":95},[64,96184,106],{"class":99},[64,96186,103],{"class":95},[64,96188,743],{"class":99},[64,96190,9280],{"class":95},[64,96192,96193,96195,96197,96199,96201,96203],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96194,3611],{"class":74},[64,96196,137],{"class":95},[64,96198,82055],{"class":140},[64,96200,144],{"class":95},[64,96202,772],{"class":99},[64,96204,150],{"class":95},[64,96206,96207,96209,96211,96213],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96208,212],{"class":211},[64,96210,144],{"class":95},[64,96212,3611],{"class":140},[64,96214,150],{"class":95},[14,96216,96217],{},[37,96218,2035],{},[54,96220,96222],{"className":56,"code":96221,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[61,96223,96224],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96225,96226,96228,96230,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96227,9249],{"class":95},[64,96229,100],{"class":99},[64,96231,103],{"class":95},[64,96233,106],{"class":99},[64,96235,103],{"class":95},[64,96237,743],{"class":99},[64,96239,103],{"class":95},[64,96241,120],{"class":99},[64,96243,9280],{"class":95},[14,96245,256,96246,96248],{},[61,96247,96154],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[49,96250,3639,96252,3642],{"id":96251},"what-setadd-does",[61,96253,96159],{},[14,96255,96256,96258],{},[61,96257,96159],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[21,96260,96261,96264,96267,96270],{},[24,96262,96263],{},"Adds one item to a set",[24,96265,96266],{},"Changes the original set in place",[24,96268,96269],{},"Does not return a new set",[24,96271,96272],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96274,96275,96276,2839,96280,137],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[543,96277,96279],{"href":96278},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[543,96281,96283],{"href":96282},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[49,96285,2120],{"id":2119},[54,96287,96289],{"className":56,"code":96288,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.add(item)\n",[61,96290,96291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96292,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96294,15619],{"class":74},[64,96296,137],{"class":95},[64,96298,82055],{"class":140},[64,96300,144],{"class":95},[64,96302,23264],{"class":140},[64,96304,150],{"class":95},[14,96306,11432],{},[21,96308,96309,96314,96317],{},[24,96310,55864,96311,96313],{},[61,96312,96154],{}," on an existing set",[24,96315,96316],{},"Pass exactly one item",[24,96318,96319,96320],{},"The item must be ",[37,96321,96322],{},"hashable",[14,96324,96325],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[21,96327,96328,96330,96332,96335],{},[24,96329,56414],{},[24,96331,56417],{},[24,96333,96334],{},"Tuples",[24,96336,40553],{},[49,96338,11449],{"id":11448},[14,96340,11452],{},[54,96342,96344],{"className":56,"code":96343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[61,96345,96346,96370,96388,96392],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96347,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96349,13041],{"class":74},[64,96351,92],{"class":91},[64,96353,1415],{"class":95},[64,96355,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96357,13058],{"class":1422},[64,96359,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96361,103],{"class":95},[64,96363,3315],{"class":1418},[64,96365,13075],{"class":1422},[64,96367,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96369,9280],{"class":95},[64,96371,96372,96374,96376,96378,96380,96382,96384,96386],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96373,17456],{"class":74},[64,96375,137],{"class":95},[64,96377,82055],{"class":140},[64,96379,144],{"class":95},[64,96381,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96383,17409],{"class":1422},[64,96385,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96387,150],{"class":95},[64,96389,96390],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96391,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,96393,96394,96396,96398,96400],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,96395,212],{"class":211},[64,96397,144],{"class":95},[64,96399,17456],{"class":140},[64,96401,150],{"class":95},[14,96403,96404],{},[37,96405,29984],{},[54,96407,96409],{"className":56,"code":96408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[61,96410,96411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96412,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435,96437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96414,9249],{"class":95},[64,96416,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96418,13058],{"class":1422},[64,96420,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96422,103],{"class":95},[64,96424,3256],{"class":1418},[64,96426,17409],{"class":1422},[64,96428,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96430,103],{"class":95},[64,96432,3256],{"class":1418},[64,96434,13075],{"class":1422},[64,96436,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96438,9280],{"class":95},[14,96440,96441,96442,96445],{},"The new value ",[61,96443,96444],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96447,96448,96449,96452],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[37,96450,96451],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96454,96455],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[54,96457,96459],{"className":56,"code":96458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[61,96460,96461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96462,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96464,9249],{"class":95},[64,96466,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96468,13075],{"class":1422},[64,96470,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96472,103],{"class":95},[64,96474,3256],{"class":1418},[64,96476,13058],{"class":1422},[64,96478,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96480,103],{"class":95},[64,96482,3256],{"class":1418},[64,96484,17409],{"class":1422},[64,96486,3261],{"class":1418},[64,96488,9280],{"class":95},[14,96490,96491],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[49,96493,96495],{"id":96494},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96497,96498],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[54,96500,96502],{"className":56,"code":96501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,96503,96504,96524,96538,96542],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96505,96506,96508,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96507,1161],{"class":74},[64,96509,92],{"class":91},[64,96511,1415],{"class":95},[64,96513,100],{"class":99},[64,96515,103],{"class":95},[64,96517,106],{"class":99},[64,96519,103],{"class":95},[64,96521,743],{"class":99},[64,96523,9280],{"class":95},[64,96525,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96527,3611],{"class":74},[64,96529,137],{"class":95},[64,96531,82055],{"class":140},[64,96533,144],{"class":95},[64,96535,2021],{"class":99},[64,96537,150],{"class":95},[64,96539,96540],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96541,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,96543,96544,96546,96548,96550],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,96545,212],{"class":211},[64,96547,144],{"class":95},[64,96549,3611],{"class":140},[64,96551,150],{"class":95},[14,96553,96554],{},[37,96555,2035],{},[54,96557,96559],{"className":56,"code":96558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[61,96560,96561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96562,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96564,9249],{"class":95},[64,96566,100],{"class":99},[64,96568,103],{"class":95},[64,96570,106],{"class":99},[64,96572,103],{"class":95},[64,96574,743],{"class":99},[64,96576,9280],{"class":95},[14,96578,96579,96580,96582],{},"The set stays the same because ",[61,96581,2021],{}," was already present.",[49,96584,96586,10557,96588],{"id":96585},"add-vs-update",[61,96587,96154],{},[61,96589,14908],{},[14,96591,256,96592,96594,96595,137],{},[61,96593,96154],{}," when you want to add ",[37,96596,52616],{},[54,96598,96600],{"className":56,"code":96599,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[61,96601,96602,96626,96644,96648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96603,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96605,36048],{"class":74},[64,96607,92],{"class":91},[64,96609,1415],{"class":95},[64,96611,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96613,543],{"class":1422},[64,96615,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96617,103],{"class":95},[64,96619,3315],{"class":1418},[64,96621,1235],{"class":1422},[64,96623,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96625,9280],{"class":95},[64,96627,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96629,36101],{"class":74},[64,96631,137],{"class":95},[64,96633,82055],{"class":140},[64,96635,144],{"class":95},[64,96637,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96639,9711],{"class":1422},[64,96641,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96643,150],{"class":95},[64,96645,96646],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96647,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,96649,96650,96652,96654,96656],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,96651,212],{"class":211},[64,96653,144],{"class":95},[64,96655,36101],{"class":140},[64,96657,150],{"class":95},[14,96659,256,96660,96594,96662,96665],{},[61,96661,14908],{},[37,96663,96664],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[54,96667,96669],{"className":56,"code":96668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[61,96670,96671,96695,96729,96733],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96672,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96674,36048],{"class":74},[64,96676,92],{"class":91},[64,96678,1415],{"class":95},[64,96680,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96682,543],{"class":1422},[64,96684,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96686,103],{"class":95},[64,96688,3315],{"class":1418},[64,96690,1235],{"class":1422},[64,96692,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96694,9280],{"class":95},[64,96696,96697,96699,96701,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96698,36101],{"class":74},[64,96700,137],{"class":95},[64,96702,30419],{"class":140},[64,96704,382],{"class":95},[64,96706,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96708,9711],{"class":1422},[64,96710,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96712,103],{"class":95},[64,96714,3315],{"class":1418},[64,96716,18721],{"class":1422},[64,96718,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96720,103],{"class":95},[64,96722,3315],{"class":1418},[64,96724,60396],{"class":1422},[64,96726,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96728,393],{"class":95},[64,96730,96731],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96732,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,96734,96735,96737,96739,96741],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,96736,212],{"class":211},[64,96738,144],{"class":95},[64,96740,36101],{"class":140},[64,96742,150],{"class":95},[816,96744,96746],{"id":96745},"key-difference","Key difference",[21,96748,96749,96754],{},[24,96750,96751,96753],{},[61,96752,96154],{}," adds one item",[24,96755,96756,96758],{},[61,96757,14908],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96760,96761,96762,137],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[543,96763,96765,96766,1248],{"href":96764},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[61,96767,14908],{},[49,96769,17372],{"id":17371},[14,96771,96772,2361,96774,137],{},[61,96773,96159],{},[61,96775,3741],{},[14,96777,96778,96779,96781],{},"That means you should ",[37,96780,300],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[816,96783,96785],{"id":96784},"correct","Correct",[54,96787,96789],{"className":56,"code":96788,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[61,96790,96791,96811,96825,96829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96792,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96794,15581],{"class":74},[64,96796,92],{"class":91},[64,96798,1415],{"class":95},[64,96800,100],{"class":99},[64,96802,103],{"class":95},[64,96804,106],{"class":99},[64,96806,103],{"class":95},[64,96808,743],{"class":99},[64,96810,9280],{"class":95},[64,96812,96813,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96814,15619],{"class":74},[64,96816,137],{"class":95},[64,96818,82055],{"class":140},[64,96820,144],{"class":95},[64,96822,772],{"class":99},[64,96824,150],{"class":95},[64,96826,96827],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96828,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,96830,96831,96833,96835,96837],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,96832,212],{"class":211},[64,96834,144],{"class":95},[64,96836,15619],{"class":140},[64,96838,150],{"class":95},[816,96840,96841],{"id":61718},"Wrong",[54,96843,96845],{"className":56,"code":96844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[61,96846,96847,96867,96886,96890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96848,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861,96863,96865],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96850,15581],{"class":74},[64,96852,92],{"class":91},[64,96854,1415],{"class":95},[64,96856,100],{"class":99},[64,96858,103],{"class":95},[64,96860,106],{"class":99},[64,96862,103],{"class":95},[64,96864,743],{"class":99},[64,96866,9280],{"class":95},[64,96868,96869,96871,96873,96876,96878,96880,96882,96884],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96870,15581],{"class":74},[64,96872,92],{"class":91},[64,96874,96875],{"class":74}," my_set",[64,96877,137],{"class":95},[64,96879,82055],{"class":140},[64,96881,144],{"class":95},[64,96883,772],{"class":99},[64,96885,150],{"class":95},[64,96887,96888],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96889,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,96891,96892,96894,96896,96898],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,96893,212],{"class":211},[64,96895,144],{"class":95},[64,96897,15619],{"class":140},[64,96899,150],{"class":95},[14,96901,96902],{},[37,96903,2035],{},[54,96905,96906],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,96907,96908],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96909,96910],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96911,11782],{"class":3816},[14,96913,96914],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[49,96916,96918],{"id":96917},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96920,96921],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[21,96923,96924,96926,96928,96930],{},[24,96925,56414],{},[24,96927,56417],{},[24,96929,96334],{},[24,96931,40553],{},[14,96933,318],{},[54,96935,96937],{"className":56,"code":96936,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[61,96938,96939,96949,96953,96967,96985,97003,97017,97021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,96940,96941,96943,96945,96947],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96942,7749],{"class":74},[64,96944,92],{"class":91},[64,96946,15586],{"class":1778},[64,96948,366],{"class":95},[64,96950,96951],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,96952,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,96954,96955,96957,96959,96961,96963,96965],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,96956,7779],{"class":74},[64,96958,137],{"class":95},[64,96960,82055],{"class":140},[64,96962,144],{"class":95},[64,96964,1432],{"class":99},[64,96966,150],{"class":95},[64,96968,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979,96981,96983],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,96970,7779],{"class":74},[64,96972,137],{"class":95},[64,96974,82055],{"class":140},[64,96976,144],{"class":95},[64,96978,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96980,3809],{"class":1422},[64,96982,1419],{"class":1418},[64,96984,150],{"class":95},[64,96986,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999,97001],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,96988,7779],{"class":74},[64,96990,137],{"class":95},[64,96992,82055],{"class":140},[64,96994,5478],{"class":95},[64,96996,100],{"class":99},[64,96998,103],{"class":95},[64,97000,106],{"class":99},[64,97002,1737],{"class":95},[64,97004,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013,97015],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,97006,7779],{"class":74},[64,97008,137],{"class":95},[64,97010,82055],{"class":140},[64,97012,144],{"class":95},[64,97014,3567],{"class":3816},[64,97016,150],{"class":95},[64,97018,97019],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,97020,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97022,97023,97025,97027,97029],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,97024,212],{"class":211},[64,97026,144],{"class":95},[64,97028,7779],{"class":140},[64,97030,150],{"class":95},[14,97032,97033],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[21,97035,97036,97039,97042],{},[24,97037,97038],{},"Lists",[24,97040,97041],{},"Dictionaries",[24,97043,97044],{},"Sets",[14,97046,97047],{},"Example that causes an error:",[54,97049,97051],{"className":56,"code":97050,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[61,97052,97053,97073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97054,97055,97057,97059,97061,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97056,7749],{"class":74},[64,97058,92],{"class":91},[64,97060,1415],{"class":95},[64,97062,100],{"class":99},[64,97064,103],{"class":95},[64,97066,106],{"class":99},[64,97068,103],{"class":95},[64,97070,743],{"class":99},[64,97072,9280],{"class":95},[64,97074,97075,97077,97079,97081,97083,97085,97087,97089],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97076,7779],{"class":74},[64,97078,137],{"class":95},[64,97080,82055],{"class":140},[64,97082,382],{"class":95},[64,97084,772],{"class":99},[64,97086,103],{"class":95},[64,97088,4570],{"class":99},[64,97090,393],{"class":95},[14,97092,97093],{},[37,97094,29635],{},[54,97096,97098],{"className":56,"code":97097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[61,97099,97100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97101,97102,97104,97106,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97103,2964],{"class":1778},[64,97105,1117],{"class":95},[64,97107,97108],{"class":74}," unhashable ",[64,97110,1779],{"class":1778},[64,97112,1117],{"class":95},[64,97114,3256],{"class":1418},[64,97116,8064],{"class":1422},[64,97118,29654],{"class":1418},[14,97120,97121],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97123,97124,97125,137],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[61,97126,97127],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[49,97129,1646],{"id":1645},[14,97131,14689,97132,1117],{},[61,97133,96159],{},[21,97135,97136,97141,97146,97149,97156],{},[24,97137,1654,97138,97140],{},[61,97139,96154],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[24,97142,8423,97143,97145],{},[61,97144,96154],{}," to return the updated set",[24,97147,97148],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[24,97150,37161,97151,97153,97154],{},[61,97152,96159],{}," with list ",[61,97155,52612],{},[24,97157,97158],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97160,71456],{},[54,97162,97164],{"className":56,"code":97163,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[61,97165,97166,97176,97190,97200,97214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97167,97168,97170,97172,97174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97169,212],{"class":211},[64,97171,144],{"class":95},[64,97173,15619],{"class":140},[64,97175,150],{"class":95},[64,97177,97178,97180,97182,97184,97186,97188],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97179,212],{"class":211},[64,97181,144],{"class":95},[64,97183,1779],{"class":1778},[64,97185,144],{"class":95},[64,97187,15619],{"class":140},[64,97189,1737],{"class":95},[64,97191,97192,97194,97196,97198],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,97193,212],{"class":211},[64,97195,144],{"class":95},[64,97197,2436],{"class":140},[64,97199,150],{"class":95},[64,97201,97202,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,97203,212],{"class":211},[64,97205,144],{"class":95},[64,97207,1779],{"class":1778},[64,97209,144],{"class":95},[64,97211,2436],{"class":140},[64,97213,1737],{"class":95},[64,97215,97216,97218,97220,97222,97224,97226],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,97217,32108],{"class":211},[64,97219,144],{"class":95},[64,97221,6256],{"class":1778},[64,97223,137],{"class":95},[64,97225,82055],{"class":24704},[64,97227,150],{"class":95},[14,97229,97230,97231,97233,97234,137],{},"Also remember that ",[61,97232,96159],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[543,97235,53009],{"href":97236},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[49,97238,1826],{"id":1825},[816,97240,12670,97242,97244],{"id":97241},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[61,97243,96159],{}," return a new set?",[14,97246,97247,97248,137],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[61,97249,3741],{},[816,97251,97253],{"id":97252},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97255,97256],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[816,97258,97260],{"id":97259},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97262,256,97263,11064,97266,137],{},[61,97264,97265],{},"set.update()",[61,97267,96154],{},[816,97269,97271],{"id":97270},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97273,97274,97275,137],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[61,97276,2964],{},[49,97278,1865],{"id":1864},[21,97280,97281,97285,97290],{},[24,97282,97283],{},[543,97284,96279],{"href":96278},[24,97286,97287],{},[543,97288,97289],{"href":96282},"How to create a set in Python",[24,97291,97292],{},[543,97293,96765,97294,1248],{"href":96764},[61,97295,14908],{},[14,97297,97298,97299,97301],{},"Once you understand ",[61,97300,96154],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1898,97303,97304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":97306},[97307,97308,97310,97311,97312,97313,97317,97321,97322,97323,97330],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":96251,"depth":78,"text":97309},"What set.add() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":96494,"depth":78,"text":96495},{"id":96585,"depth":78,"text":97314,"children":97315},"add() vs update()",[97316],{"id":96745,"depth":85,"text":96746},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372,"children":97318},[97319,97320],{"id":96784,"depth":85,"text":96785},{"id":61718,"depth":85,"text":96841},{"id":96917,"depth":78,"text":96918},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":97324},[97325,97327,97328,97329],{"id":97241,"depth":85,"text":97326},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97252,"depth":85,"text":97253},{"id":97259,"depth":85,"text":97260},{"id":97270,"depth":85,"text":97271},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96145,"description":97331},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97338,"title":97339,"body":97340,"description":98509,"extension":1927,"meta":98510,"navigation":81,"path":98511,"seo":98512,"stem":98513,"__hash__":98514},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97341,"toc":98476},[97342,97347,97353,97360,97405,97407,97418,97423,97428,97432,97446,97451,97453,97455,97470,97472,97486,97488,97490,97555,97557,97567,97569,97587,97593,97600,97605,97679,97681,97698,97704,97709,97780,97782,97809,97826,97829,97835,97837,97844,97848,97915,97917,97932,97935,97988,97990,97998,98010,98012,98016,98021,98023,98072,98074,98082,98084,98129,98131,98141,98147,98155,98168,98174,98176,98205,98207,98225,98229,98232,98263,98265,98283,98287,98362,98364,98380,98387,98389,98394,98399,98405,98408,98412,98420,98427,98435,98437,98473],[10,97343,96151,97345,11295],{"id":97344},"python-set-clear-method",[61,97346,11294],{},[14,97348,97349,97352],{},[61,97350,97351],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97354,97355,97356,97359],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[37,97357,97358],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[54,97361,97363],{"className":56,"code":97362,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,97364,97365,97385,97395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97366,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97368,1161],{"class":74},[64,97370,92],{"class":91},[64,97372,1415],{"class":95},[64,97374,100],{"class":99},[64,97376,103],{"class":95},[64,97378,106],{"class":99},[64,97380,103],{"class":95},[64,97382,743],{"class":99},[64,97384,9280],{"class":95},[64,97386,97387,97389,97391,97393],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97388,3611],{"class":74},[64,97390,137],{"class":95},[64,97392,11356],{"class":140},[64,97394,366],{"class":95},[64,97396,97397,97399,97401,97403],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,97398,212],{"class":211},[64,97400,144],{"class":95},[64,97402,3611],{"class":140},[64,97404,150],{"class":95},[14,97406,2035],{},[54,97408,97410],{"className":56,"code":97409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n",[61,97411,97412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97413,97414,97416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97415,6256],{"class":1778},[64,97417,366],{"class":95},[14,97419,97420,97422],{},[61,97421,11294],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[49,97424,3639,97426,3642],{"id":97425},"what-setclear-does",[61,97427,97351],{},[14,97429,1944,97430,11386],{},[61,97431,11294],{},[21,97433,97434,97437,97439,97443],{},[24,97435,97436],{},"Removes every item from a set",[24,97438,96266],{},[24,97440,11397,97441],{},[61,97442,3741],{},[24,97444,97445],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97447,96275,97448,71555],{},[543,97449,96279],{"href":97450},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[49,97452,2120],{"id":2119},[14,97454,54406],{},[54,97456,97458],{"className":56,"code":97457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.clear()\n",[61,97459,97460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97461,97462,97464,97466,97468],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97463,15619],{"class":74},[64,97465,137],{"class":95},[64,97467,11356],{"class":140},[64,97469,366],{"class":95},[14,97471,13017],{},[21,97473,97474,97477,97480,97483],{},[24,97475,97476],{},"It takes no arguments",[24,97478,97479],{},"It empties the set",[24,97481,97482],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[24,97484,97485],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[49,97487,11449],{"id":11448},[14,97489,11452],{},[54,97491,97493],{"className":56,"code":97492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[61,97494,97495,97527,97531,97541,97545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97496,97497,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509,97511,97513,97515,97517,97519,97521,97523,97525],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97498,13041],{"class":74},[64,97500,92],{"class":91},[64,97502,1415],{"class":95},[64,97504,1419],{"class":1418},[64,97506,13058],{"class":1422},[64,97508,1419],{"class":1418},[64,97510,103],{"class":95},[64,97512,3315],{"class":1418},[64,97514,17409],{"class":1422},[64,97516,1419],{"class":1418},[64,97518,103],{"class":95},[64,97520,3315],{"class":1418},[64,97522,13075],{"class":1422},[64,97524,1419],{"class":1418},[64,97526,9280],{"class":95},[64,97528,97529],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97530,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97532,97533,97535,97537,97539],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,97534,17456],{"class":74},[64,97536,137],{"class":95},[64,97538,11356],{"class":140},[64,97540,366],{"class":95},[64,97542,97543],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,97544,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97546,97547,97549,97551,97553],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,97548,212],{"class":211},[64,97550,144],{"class":95},[64,97552,17456],{"class":140},[64,97554,150],{"class":95},[14,97556,2035],{},[54,97558,97559],{"className":56,"code":97409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,97560,97561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97562,97563,97565],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97564,6256],{"class":1778},[64,97566,366],{"class":95},[14,97568,11657],{},[21,97570,97571,97576,97581],{},[24,97572,97573,97575],{},[61,97574,17456],{}," starts with three values",[24,97577,97578,11670],{},[61,97579,97580],{},"colors.clear()",[24,97582,97583,97584,97586],{},"Printing the set shows ",[61,97585,3760],{},", which means an empty set",[49,97588,97590,97592],{"id":97589},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[61,97591,11294],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97594,97595,40,97597,97599],{},[61,97596,11294],{},[61,97598,3760],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[816,97601,1654,97603],{"id":97602},"using-clear",[61,97604,11294],{},[54,97606,97608],{"className":56,"code":97607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[61,97609,97610,97630,97640,97644,97654,97658,97668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97611,97612,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622,97624,97626,97628],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97613,7749],{"class":74},[64,97615,92],{"class":91},[64,97617,1415],{"class":95},[64,97619,100],{"class":99},[64,97621,103],{"class":95},[64,97623,106],{"class":99},[64,97625,103],{"class":95},[64,97627,743],{"class":99},[64,97629,9280],{"class":95},[64,97631,97632,97635,97637],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97633,97634],{"class":74},"other_name ",[64,97636,92],{"class":91},[64,97638,97639],{"class":74}," items\n",[64,97641,97642],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,97643,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,97647,7779],{"class":74},[64,97649,137],{"class":95},[64,97651,11356],{"class":140},[64,97653,366],{"class":95},[64,97655,97656],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,97657,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97659,97660,97662,97664,97666],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,97661,212],{"class":211},[64,97663,144],{"class":95},[64,97665,7779],{"class":140},[64,97667,150],{"class":95},[64,97669,97670,97672,97674,97677],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,97671,212],{"class":211},[64,97673,144],{"class":95},[64,97675,97676],{"class":140},"other_name",[64,97678,150],{"class":95},[14,97680,2035],{},[54,97682,97684],{"className":56,"code":97683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\nset()\n",[61,97685,97686,97692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97687,97688,97690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97689,6256],{"class":1778},[64,97691,366],{"class":95},[64,97693,97694,97696],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97695,6256],{"class":1778},[64,97697,366],{"class":95},[14,97699,97700,97701,137],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[37,97702,97703],{},"same set object",[816,97705,1654,97707],{"id":97706},"using-set",[61,97708,3760],{},[54,97710,97712],{"className":56,"code":97711,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[61,97713,97714,97734,97742,97746,97756,97760,97770],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97715,97716,97718,97720,97722,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97717,7749],{"class":74},[64,97719,92],{"class":91},[64,97721,1415],{"class":95},[64,97723,100],{"class":99},[64,97725,103],{"class":95},[64,97727,106],{"class":99},[64,97729,103],{"class":95},[64,97731,743],{"class":99},[64,97733,9280],{"class":95},[64,97735,97736,97738,97740],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97737,97634],{"class":74},[64,97739,92],{"class":91},[64,97741,97639],{"class":74},[64,97743,97744],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,97745,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97747,97748,97750,97752,97754],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,97749,7749],{"class":74},[64,97751,92],{"class":91},[64,97753,15586],{"class":1778},[64,97755,366],{"class":95},[64,97757,97758],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,97759,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97761,97762,97764,97766,97768],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,97763,212],{"class":211},[64,97765,144],{"class":95},[64,97767,7779],{"class":140},[64,97769,150],{"class":95},[64,97771,97772,97774,97776,97778],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,97773,212],{"class":211},[64,97775,144],{"class":95},[64,97777,97676],{"class":140},[64,97779,150],{"class":95},[14,97781,2035],{},[54,97783,97785],{"className":56,"code":97784,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[61,97786,97787,97793],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97788,97789,97791],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97790,6256],{"class":1778},[64,97792,366],{"class":95},[64,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801,97803,97805,97807],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97796,9249],{"class":95},[64,97798,100],{"class":99},[64,97800,103],{"class":95},[64,97802,106],{"class":99},[64,97804,103],{"class":95},[64,97806,743],{"class":99},[64,97808,9280],{"class":95},[14,97810,20724,97811,93044,97814,97817,97818,137,97820,97822,97823,97825],{},[61,97812,97813],{},"items = set()",[37,97815,97816],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[61,97819,7779],{},[9818,97821],{},"\nBut ",[61,97824,97676],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97827,97828],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97830,97831,97832,137],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[543,97833,96283],{"href":97834},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[49,97836,17372],{"id":17371},[14,97838,97839,14015,97841,97843],{},[61,97840,11294],{},[37,97842,300],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97845,5113,97846,137],{},[61,97847,3741],{},[54,97849,97851],{"className":56,"code":97850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,97852,97853,97873,97877,97891,97895,97905],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97854,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865,97867,97869,97871],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97856,1161],{"class":74},[64,97858,92],{"class":91},[64,97860,1415],{"class":95},[64,97862,100],{"class":99},[64,97864,103],{"class":95},[64,97866,106],{"class":99},[64,97868,103],{"class":95},[64,97870,743],{"class":99},[64,97872,9280],{"class":95},[64,97874,97875],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97876,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97878,97879,97881,97883,97885,97887,97889],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,97880,2194],{"class":74},[64,97882,92],{"class":91},[64,97884,1191],{"class":74},[64,97886,137],{"class":95},[64,97888,11356],{"class":140},[64,97890,366],{"class":95},[64,97892,97893],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,97894,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97896,97897,97899,97901,97903],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,97898,212],{"class":211},[64,97900,144],{"class":95},[64,97902,2229],{"class":140},[64,97904,150],{"class":95},[64,97906,97907,97909,97911,97913],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,97908,212],{"class":211},[64,97910,144],{"class":95},[64,97912,3611],{"class":140},[64,97914,150],{"class":95},[14,97916,2035],{},[54,97918,97920],{"className":56,"code":97919,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"None\nset()\n",[61,97921,97922,97926],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97923,97924],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97925,11782],{"class":3816},[64,97927,97928,97930],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97929,6256],{"class":1778},[64,97931,366],{"class":95},[14,97933,97934],{},"Do not do this:",[54,97936,97938],{"className":56,"code":97937,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,97939,97940,97960,97974,97978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97941,97942,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956,97958],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97943,1161],{"class":74},[64,97945,92],{"class":91},[64,97947,1415],{"class":95},[64,97949,100],{"class":99},[64,97951,103],{"class":95},[64,97953,106],{"class":99},[64,97955,103],{"class":95},[64,97957,743],{"class":99},[64,97959,9280],{"class":95},[64,97961,97962,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,97963,1161],{"class":74},[64,97965,92],{"class":91},[64,97967,1191],{"class":74},[64,97969,137],{"class":95},[64,97971,11356],{"class":140},[64,97973,366],{"class":95},[64,97975,97976],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,97977,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,97979,97980,97982,97984,97986],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,97981,212],{"class":211},[64,97983,144],{"class":95},[64,97985,3611],{"class":140},[64,97987,150],{"class":95},[14,97989,2035],{},[54,97991,97992],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,97993,97994],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,97995,97996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97997,11782],{"class":3816},[14,97999,22142,98000,2361,98002,98004,98005,98007,98008,137],{},[61,98001,54519],{},[61,98003,3741],{},", and then you assign that ",[61,98006,3741],{}," back to ",[61,98009,3611],{},[49,98011,4483],{"id":4482},[14,98013,10719,98014,137],{},[61,98015,97351],{},[816,98017,12561,98019],{"id":98018},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[61,98020,11294],{},[14,98022,16596],{},[54,98024,98026],{"className":56,"code":98025,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[61,98027,98028,98048,98062],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98029,98030,98032,98034,98036,98038,98040,98042,98044,98046],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98031,15581],{"class":74},[64,98033,92],{"class":91},[64,98035,1415],{"class":95},[64,98037,100],{"class":99},[64,98039,103],{"class":95},[64,98041,106],{"class":99},[64,98043,103],{"class":95},[64,98045,743],{"class":99},[64,98047,9280],{"class":95},[64,98049,98050,98052,98054,98056,98058,98060],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98051,15581],{"class":74},[64,98053,92],{"class":91},[64,98055,96875],{"class":74},[64,98057,137],{"class":95},[64,98059,11356],{"class":140},[64,98061,366],{"class":95},[64,98063,98064,98066,98068,98070],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,98065,212],{"class":211},[64,98067,144],{"class":95},[64,98069,15619],{"class":140},[64,98071,150],{"class":95},[14,98073,2035],{},[54,98075,98076],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,98077,98078],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98079,98080],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98081,11782],{"class":3816},[14,98083,16608],{},[54,98085,98087],{"className":56,"code":98086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[61,98088,98089,98109,98119],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98092,15581],{"class":74},[64,98094,92],{"class":91},[64,98096,1415],{"class":95},[64,98098,100],{"class":99},[64,98100,103],{"class":95},[64,98102,106],{"class":99},[64,98104,103],{"class":95},[64,98106,743],{"class":99},[64,98108,9280],{"class":95},[64,98110,98111,98113,98115,98117],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98112,15619],{"class":74},[64,98114,137],{"class":95},[64,98116,11356],{"class":140},[64,98118,366],{"class":95},[64,98120,98121,98123,98125,98127],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,98122,212],{"class":211},[64,98124,144],{"class":95},[64,98126,15619],{"class":140},[64,98128,150],{"class":95},[14,98130,2035],{},[54,98132,98133],{"className":56,"code":97409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,98134,98135],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98136,98137,98139],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98138,6256],{"class":1778},[64,98140,366],{"class":95},[816,98142,8423,98144,98146],{"id":98143},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[61,98145,11294],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98148,98149,98151,98152,98154],{},[61,98150,11294],{}," removes ",[37,98153,3678],{}," items from the set.",[14,98156,98157,98158,2839,98163,137],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[543,98159,98161],{"href":98160},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[61,98162,55486],{},[543,98164,98166],{"href":98165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[61,98167,12729],{},[816,98169,1654,98171,98173],{"id":98170},"using-for-an-empty-set",[61,98172,3755],{}," for an empty set",[14,98175,25645],{},[54,98177,98179],{"className":56,"code":98178,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[61,98180,98181,98190],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98182,98183,98186,98188],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98184,98185],{"class":74},"empty_value ",[64,98187,92],{"class":91},[64,98189,9810],{"class":95},[64,98191,98192,98194,98196,98198,98200,98203],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98193,212],{"class":211},[64,98195,144],{"class":95},[64,98197,1779],{"class":1778},[64,98199,144],{"class":95},[64,98201,98202],{"class":140},"empty_value",[64,98204,1737],{"class":95},[14,98206,2035],{},[54,98208,98209],{"className":56,"code":8779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,98210,98211],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98214,3250],{"class":91},[64,98216,3253],{"class":2029},[64,98218,3256],{"class":1418},[64,98220,8792],{"class":1422},[64,98222,3261],{"class":1418},[64,98224,3264],{"class":91},[14,98226,98227,8759],{},[61,98228,3755],{},[14,98230,98231],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[54,98233,98235],{"className":56,"code":98234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[61,98236,98237,98248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98238,98239,98242,98244,98246],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98240,98241],{"class":74},"empty_set ",[64,98243,92],{"class":91},[64,98245,15586],{"class":1778},[64,98247,366],{"class":95},[64,98249,98250,98252,98254,98256,98258,98261],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98251,212],{"class":211},[64,98253,144],{"class":95},[64,98255,1779],{"class":1778},[64,98257,144],{"class":95},[64,98259,98260],{"class":140},"empty_set",[64,98262,1737],{"class":95},[14,98264,2035],{},[54,98266,98267],{"className":56,"code":8823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,98268,98269],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98270,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98272,3250],{"class":91},[64,98274,3253],{"class":2029},[64,98276,3256],{"class":1418},[64,98278,6256],{"class":1422},[64,98280,3261],{"class":1418},[64,98282,3264],{"class":91},[816,98284,98286],{"id":98285},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[54,98288,98290],{"className":56,"code":98289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[61,98291,98292,98316,98324,98328,98338,98342,98352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98293,98294,98296,98298,98300,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98295,1186],{"class":74},[64,98297,92],{"class":91},[64,98299,1415],{"class":95},[64,98301,1419],{"class":1418},[64,98303,2137],{"class":1422},[64,98305,1419],{"class":1418},[64,98307,103],{"class":95},[64,98309,3315],{"class":1418},[64,98311,11719],{"class":1422},[64,98313,1419],{"class":1418},[64,98315,9280],{"class":95},[64,98317,98318,98320,98322],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98319,1202],{"class":74},[64,98321,92],{"class":91},[64,98323,1592],{"class":74},[64,98325,98326],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,98327,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,98329,98330,98332,98334,98336],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,98331,543],{"class":74},[64,98333,137],{"class":95},[64,98335,11356],{"class":140},[64,98337,366],{"class":95},[64,98339,98340],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,98341,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,98343,98344,98346,98348,98350],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,98345,212],{"class":211},[64,98347,144],{"class":95},[64,98349,543],{"class":140},[64,98351,150],{"class":95},[64,98353,98354,98356,98358,98360],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,98355,212],{"class":211},[64,98357,144],{"class":95},[64,98359,1235],{"class":140},[64,98361,150],{"class":95},[14,98363,2035],{},[54,98365,98366],{"className":56,"code":97683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,98367,98368,98374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98369,98370,98372],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98371,6256],{"class":1778},[64,98373,366],{"class":95},[64,98375,98376,98378],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98377,6256],{"class":1778},[64,98379,366],{"class":95},[14,98381,29015,98382,40,98384,98386],{},[61,98383,543],{},[61,98385,1235],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[49,98388,1826],{"id":1825},[816,98390,5107,98392,5110],{"id":98391},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[61,98393,97351],{},[14,98395,5113,98396,98398],{},[61,98397,3741],{},". It empties the set in place.",[816,98400,12670,98402,98404],{"id":98401},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[61,98403,11294],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98406,98407],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[816,98409,98411],{"id":98410},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98413,98414,98415,98417,98418,137],{},"You already have one after ",[61,98416,11294],{},". Printing it shows ",[61,98419,3760],{},[816,98421,5145,98423,40,98425,2456],{"id":98422},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[61,98424,11294],{},[61,98426,3760],{},[14,98428,98429,98431,98432,98434],{},[61,98430,11294],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[61,98433,3760],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[49,98436,1865],{"id":1864},[21,98438,98439,98443,98447,98454,98460,98466],{},[24,98440,98441],{},[543,98442,96279],{"href":97450},[24,98444,98445],{},[543,98446,97289],{"href":97834},[24,98448,98449],{},[543,98450,96765,98452,1248],{"href":98451},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[61,98453,96154],{},[24,98455,98456],{},[543,98457,96765,98458,1248],{"href":98160},[61,98459,55486],{},[24,98461,98462],{},[543,98463,96765,98464,1248],{"href":98165},[61,98465,12729],{},[24,98467,98468],{},[543,98469,96765,98471,1248],{"href":98470},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[61,98472,14908],{},[1898,98474,98475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":98477},[98478,98480,98481,98482,98489,98490,98499,98508],{"id":97425,"depth":78,"text":98479},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":97589,"depth":78,"text":98483,"children":98484},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98485,98487],{"id":97602,"depth":85,"text":98486},"Using clear()",{"id":97706,"depth":85,"text":98488},"Using set()",{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":98491},[98492,98494,98496,98498],{"id":98018,"depth":85,"text":98493},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98143,"depth":85,"text":98495},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98170,"depth":85,"text":98497},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98285,"depth":85,"text":98286},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":98500},[98501,98503,98505,98506],{"id":98391,"depth":85,"text":98502},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98401,"depth":85,"text":98504},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98410,"depth":85,"text":98411},{"id":98422,"depth":85,"text":98507},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97339,"description":98509},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98516,"title":98517,"body":98518,"description":100349,"extension":1927,"meta":100350,"navigation":81,"path":96282,"seo":100351,"stem":100352,"__hash__":100353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98519,"toc":100306},[98520,98523,98526,98529,98531,98634,98638,98685,98691,98693,98712,98716,98719,98721,98735,98744,98748,98751,98786,98790,98810,98813,98817,98820,98881,98885,98910,98917,98923,98928,98930,98942,98946,98995,98999,99023,99030,99034,99075,99079,99100,99104,99137,99141,99182,99185,99189,99194,99233,99237,99262,99267,99273,99310,99314,99337,99341,99343,99346,99349,99426,99430,99467,99470,99474,99480,99483,99493,99542,99548,99554,99581,99584,99606,99608,99639,99642,99646,99650,99689,99693,99756,99759,99792,99796,99821,99823,99826,99832,99835,99862,99865,99883,99887,99891,99894,99937,99940,99944,99947,99950,99980,99983,99987,99990,100005,100010,100014,100017,100106,100108,100111,100201,100204,100221,100223,100227,100237,100241,100249,100253,100256,100260,100263,100267,100270,100272,100300,100303],[10,98521,98517],{"id":98522},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98524,98525],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98527,98528],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[49,98530,3572],{"id":3571},[54,98532,98534],{"className":56,"code":98533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[61,98535,98536,98556,98590,98600,98604,98614,98624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98537,98538,98540,98542,98544,98546,98548,98550,98552,98554],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98539,1161],{"class":74},[64,98541,92],{"class":91},[64,98543,1415],{"class":95},[64,98545,100],{"class":99},[64,98547,103],{"class":95},[64,98549,106],{"class":99},[64,98551,103],{"class":95},[64,98553,743],{"class":99},[64,98555,9280],{"class":95},[64,98557,98558,98560,98562,98564,98566,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98559,4034],{"class":74},[64,98561,92],{"class":91},[64,98563,15586],{"class":1778},[64,98565,382],{"class":95},[64,98567,1419],{"class":1418},[64,98569,4043],{"class":1422},[64,98571,1419],{"class":1418},[64,98573,103],{"class":95},[64,98575,3315],{"class":1418},[64,98577,4052],{"class":1422},[64,98579,1419],{"class":1418},[64,98581,103],{"class":95},[64,98583,3315],{"class":1418},[64,98585,4043],{"class":1422},[64,98587,1419],{"class":1418},[64,98589,393],{"class":95},[64,98591,98592,98594,98596,98598],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,98593,98241],{"class":74},[64,98595,92],{"class":91},[64,98597,15586],{"class":1778},[64,98599,366],{"class":95},[64,98601,98602],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,98603,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,98605,98606,98608,98610,98612],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,98607,212],{"class":211},[64,98609,144],{"class":95},[64,98611,3611],{"class":140},[64,98613,150],{"class":95},[64,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,98617,212],{"class":211},[64,98619,144],{"class":95},[64,98621,4078],{"class":140},[64,98623,150],{"class":95},[64,98625,98626,98628,98630,98632],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,98627,212],{"class":211},[64,98629,144],{"class":95},[64,98631,98260],{"class":140},[64,98633,150],{"class":95},[14,98635,98636],{},[37,98637,2035],{},[54,98639,98641],{"className":56,"code":98640,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[61,98642,98643,98659,98679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98644,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98646,9249],{"class":95},[64,98648,100],{"class":99},[64,98650,103],{"class":95},[64,98652,106],{"class":99},[64,98654,103],{"class":95},[64,98656,743],{"class":99},[64,98658,9280],{"class":95},[64,98660,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98662,9249],{"class":95},[64,98664,3261],{"class":1418},[64,98666,4052],{"class":1422},[64,98668,3261],{"class":1418},[64,98670,103],{"class":95},[64,98672,3256],{"class":1418},[64,98674,4043],{"class":1422},[64,98676,3261],{"class":1418},[64,98678,9280],{"class":95},[64,98680,98681,98683],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,98682,6256],{"class":1778},[64,98684,366],{"class":95},[14,98686,98687,98688,98690],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[61,98689,3760],{}," for an empty set.",[49,98692,15116],{"id":15115},[21,98694,98695,98698,98703,98706,98709],{},[24,98696,98697],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[24,98699,98700,98701],{},"How to create a set with ",[61,98702,3760],{},[24,98704,98705],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[24,98707,98708],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[24,98710,98711],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[49,98713,98715],{"id":98714},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98717,98718],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98720,30495],{},[21,98722,98723,98726,98729,98732],{},[24,98724,98725],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[24,98727,98728],{},"Sets are unordered",[24,98730,98731],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[24,98733,98734],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98736,98737,98738,2839,98740,137],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[543,98739,96279],{"href":97450},[543,98741,98743],{"href":98742},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[49,98745,98747],{"id":98746},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98749,98750],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[54,98752,98754],{"className":56,"code":98753,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,98755,98756,98776],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98757,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766,98768,98770,98772,98774],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98759,1161],{"class":74},[64,98761,92],{"class":91},[64,98763,1415],{"class":95},[64,98765,100],{"class":99},[64,98767,103],{"class":95},[64,98769,106],{"class":99},[64,98771,103],{"class":95},[64,98773,743],{"class":99},[64,98775,9280],{"class":95},[64,98777,98778,98780,98782,98784],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98779,212],{"class":211},[64,98781,144],{"class":95},[64,98783,3611],{"class":140},[64,98785,150],{"class":95},[14,98787,98788],{},[37,98789,29984],{},[54,98791,98792],{"className":56,"code":96558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,98793,98794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98795,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98797,9249],{"class":95},[64,98799,100],{"class":99},[64,98801,103],{"class":95},[64,98803,106],{"class":99},[64,98805,103],{"class":95},[64,98807,743],{"class":99},[64,98809,9280],{"class":95},[14,98811,98812],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[816,98814,98816],{"id":98815},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98818,98819],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[54,98821,98823],{"className":56,"code":98822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[61,98824,98825,98857,98867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98826,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98828,1161],{"class":74},[64,98830,92],{"class":91},[64,98832,1415],{"class":95},[64,98834,100],{"class":99},[64,98836,103],{"class":95},[64,98838,106],{"class":99},[64,98840,103],{"class":95},[64,98842,106],{"class":99},[64,98844,103],{"class":95},[64,98846,743],{"class":99},[64,98848,103],{"class":95},[64,98850,743],{"class":99},[64,98852,103],{"class":95},[64,98854,743],{"class":99},[64,98856,9280],{"class":95},[64,98858,98859,98861,98863,98865],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98860,212],{"class":211},[64,98862,144],{"class":95},[64,98864,3611],{"class":140},[64,98866,150],{"class":95},[64,98868,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,98870,212],{"class":211},[64,98872,144],{"class":95},[64,98874,11134],{"class":211},[64,98876,144],{"class":95},[64,98878,3611],{"class":140},[64,98880,1737],{"class":95},[14,98882,98883],{},[37,98884,29984],{},[54,98886,98888],{"className":56,"code":98887,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[61,98889,98890,98906],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98891,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98893,9249],{"class":95},[64,98895,100],{"class":99},[64,98897,103],{"class":95},[64,98899,106],{"class":99},[64,98901,103],{"class":95},[64,98903,743],{"class":99},[64,98905,9280],{"class":95},[64,98907,98908],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98909,46575],{"class":99},[14,98911,20931,98912,40,98914,98916],{},[61,98913,2021],{},[61,98915,115],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[49,98918,98920,98921],{"id":98919},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[61,98922,3760],{},[14,98924,256,98925,98927],{},[61,98926,3760],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98929,5424],{},[21,98931,98932,98934,98936,98938],{},[24,98933,97038],{},[24,98935,96334],{},[24,98937,56417],{},[24,98939,98940],{},[61,98941,36155],{},[816,98943,98945],{"id":98944},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[54,98947,98949],{"className":56,"code":98948,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,98950,98951,98985],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,98952,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981,98983],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98954,1161],{"class":74},[64,98956,92],{"class":91},[64,98958,15586],{"class":1778},[64,98960,382],{"class":95},[64,98962,100],{"class":99},[64,98964,103],{"class":95},[64,98966,106],{"class":99},[64,98968,103],{"class":95},[64,98970,106],{"class":99},[64,98972,103],{"class":95},[64,98974,743],{"class":99},[64,98976,103],{"class":95},[64,98978,743],{"class":99},[64,98980,103],{"class":95},[64,98982,120],{"class":99},[64,98984,393],{"class":95},[64,98986,98987,98989,98991,98993],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,98988,212],{"class":211},[64,98990,144],{"class":95},[64,98992,3611],{"class":140},[64,98994,150],{"class":95},[14,98996,98997],{},[37,98998,29984],{},[54,99000,99001],{"className":56,"code":96221,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,99002,99003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99004,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99006,9249],{"class":95},[64,99008,100],{"class":99},[64,99010,103],{"class":95},[64,99012,106],{"class":99},[64,99014,103],{"class":95},[64,99016,743],{"class":99},[64,99018,103],{"class":95},[64,99020,120],{"class":99},[64,99022,9280],{"class":95},[14,99024,99025,99026,137],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[543,99027,99029],{"href":99028},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[816,99031,99033],{"id":99032},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[54,99035,99037],{"className":56,"code":99036,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[61,99038,99039,99065],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99040,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99042,3786],{"class":74},[64,99044,92],{"class":91},[64,99046,15586],{"class":1778},[64,99048,5478],{"class":95},[64,99050,1432],{"class":99},[64,99052,103],{"class":95},[64,99054,1437],{"class":99},[64,99056,103],{"class":95},[64,99058,1437],{"class":99},[64,99060,103],{"class":95},[64,99062,7764],{"class":99},[64,99064,1737],{"class":95},[64,99066,99067,99069,99071,99073],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99068,212],{"class":211},[64,99070,144],{"class":95},[64,99072,5325],{"class":140},[64,99074,150],{"class":95},[14,99076,99077],{},[37,99078,29984],{},[54,99080,99082],{"className":56,"code":99081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[61,99083,99084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99085,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99087,9249],{"class":95},[64,99089,1432],{"class":99},[64,99091,103],{"class":95},[64,99093,1437],{"class":99},[64,99095,103],{"class":95},[64,99097,7764],{"class":99},[64,99099,9280],{"class":95},[816,99101,99103],{"id":99102},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[54,99105,99107],{"className":56,"code":99106,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,99108,99109,99127],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99110,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99112,36048],{"class":74},[64,99114,92],{"class":91},[64,99116,15586],{"class":1778},[64,99118,144],{"class":95},[64,99120,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99122,3809],{"class":1422},[64,99124,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99126,150],{"class":95},[64,99128,99129,99131,99133,99135],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99130,212],{"class":211},[64,99132,144],{"class":95},[64,99134,36101],{"class":140},[64,99136,150],{"class":95},[14,99138,99139],{},[37,99140,29984],{},[54,99142,99144],{"className":56,"code":99143,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[61,99145,99146],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99147,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99149,9249],{"class":95},[64,99151,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99153,60387],{"class":1422},[64,99155,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99157,103],{"class":95},[64,99159,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99161,60396],{"class":1422},[64,99163,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99165,103],{"class":95},[64,99167,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99169,60405],{"class":1422},[64,99171,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99173,103],{"class":95},[64,99175,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99177,60422],{"class":1422},[64,99179,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99181,9280],{"class":95},[14,99183,99184],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[49,99186,99188],{"id":99187},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99190,99191,99192,137],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[61,99193,3760],{},[54,99195,99197],{"className":56,"code":99196,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[61,99198,99199,99209,99219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99200,99201,99203,99205,99207],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99202,98241],{"class":74},[64,99204,92],{"class":91},[64,99206,15586],{"class":1778},[64,99208,366],{"class":95},[64,99210,99211,99213,99215,99217],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99212,212],{"class":211},[64,99214,144],{"class":95},[64,99216,98260],{"class":140},[64,99218,150],{"class":95},[64,99220,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,99222,212],{"class":211},[64,99224,144],{"class":95},[64,99226,1779],{"class":1778},[64,99228,144],{"class":95},[64,99230,98260],{"class":140},[64,99232,1737],{"class":95},[14,99234,99235],{},[37,99236,2035],{},[54,99238,99240],{"className":56,"code":99239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[61,99241,99242,99248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99243,99244,99246],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99245,6256],{"class":1778},[64,99247,366],{"class":95},[64,99249,99250,99252,99254,99256,99258,99260],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99251,3250],{"class":91},[64,99253,3253],{"class":2029},[64,99255,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99257,6256],{"class":1422},[64,99259,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99261,3264],{"class":91},[816,99263,44386,99265],{"id":99264},"do-not-use",[61,99266,3755],{},[14,99268,99269,99270,99272],{},"Empty braces do ",[37,99271,300],{}," create a set.",[54,99274,99276],{"className":56,"code":99275,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[61,99277,99278,99286,99296],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99279,99280,99282,99284],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99281,98185],{"class":74},[64,99283,92],{"class":91},[64,99285,9810],{"class":95},[64,99287,99288,99290,99292,99294],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99289,212],{"class":211},[64,99291,144],{"class":95},[64,99293,98202],{"class":140},[64,99295,150],{"class":95},[64,99297,99298,99300,99302,99304,99306,99308],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,99299,212],{"class":211},[64,99301,144],{"class":95},[64,99303,1779],{"class":1778},[64,99305,144],{"class":95},[64,99307,98202],{"class":140},[64,99309,1737],{"class":95},[14,99311,99312],{},[37,99313,2035],{},[54,99315,99317],{"className":56,"code":99316,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[61,99318,99319,99323],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99320,99321],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99322,9406],{"class":95},[64,99324,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99326,3250],{"class":91},[64,99328,3253],{"class":2029},[64,99330,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99332,8792],{"class":1422},[64,99334,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99336,3264],{"class":91},[14,99338,99339,8759],{},[61,99340,3755],{},[49,99342,72219],{"id":72218},[14,99344,99345],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99347,99348],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[54,99350,99352],{"className":56,"code":99351,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[61,99353,99354,99402,99412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99355,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99357,4034],{"class":74},[64,99359,92],{"class":91},[64,99361,1415],{"class":95},[64,99363,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99365,4043],{"class":1422},[64,99367,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99369,103],{"class":95},[64,99371,3315],{"class":1418},[64,99373,4052],{"class":1422},[64,99375,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99377,103],{"class":95},[64,99379,3315],{"class":1418},[64,99381,4043],{"class":1422},[64,99383,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99385,103],{"class":95},[64,99387,3315],{"class":1418},[64,99389,4043],{"class":1422},[64,99391,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99393,103],{"class":95},[64,99395,3315],{"class":1418},[64,99397,33177],{"class":1422},[64,99399,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99401,9280],{"class":95},[64,99403,99404,99406,99408,99410],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99405,212],{"class":211},[64,99407,144],{"class":95},[64,99409,4078],{"class":140},[64,99411,150],{"class":95},[64,99413,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,99415,212],{"class":211},[64,99417,144],{"class":95},[64,99419,11134],{"class":211},[64,99421,144],{"class":95},[64,99423,4078],{"class":140},[64,99425,1737],{"class":95},[14,99427,99428],{},[37,99429,29984],{},[54,99431,99433],{"className":56,"code":99432,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[61,99434,99435,99463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99436,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99438,9249],{"class":95},[64,99440,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99442,4052],{"class":1422},[64,99444,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99446,103],{"class":95},[64,99448,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99450,33177],{"class":1422},[64,99452,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99454,103],{"class":95},[64,99456,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99458,4043],{"class":1422},[64,99460,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99462,9280],{"class":95},[64,99464,99465],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99466,46575],{"class":99},[14,99468,99469],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[49,99471,99473],{"id":99472},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99475,99476,99477,99479],{},"Set items must be ",[37,99478,96322],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99481,99482],{},"These usually work:",[21,99484,99485,99487,99489,99491],{},[24,99486,56414],{},[24,99488,56417],{},[24,99490,96334],{},[24,99492,40553],{},[54,99494,99496],{"className":56,"code":99495,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[61,99497,99498,99532],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99499,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99501,3786],{"class":74},[64,99503,92],{"class":91},[64,99505,1415],{"class":95},[64,99507,100],{"class":99},[64,99509,103],{"class":95},[64,99511,3315],{"class":1418},[64,99513,4043],{"class":1422},[64,99515,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99517,103],{"class":95},[64,99519,9207],{"class":95},[64,99521,1432],{"class":99},[64,99523,103],{"class":95},[64,99525,1437],{"class":99},[64,99527,1727],{"class":95},[64,99529,3879],{"class":3816},[64,99531,9280],{"class":95},[64,99533,99534,99536,99538,99540],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99535,212],{"class":211},[64,99537,144],{"class":95},[64,99539,5325],{"class":140},[64,99541,150],{"class":95},[14,99543,99544,99545,99547],{},"These do ",[37,99546,300],{}," work directly:",[21,99549,99550,99552],{},[24,99551,97038],{},[24,99553,97041],{},[54,99555,99557],{"className":56,"code":99556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[61,99558,99559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99560,99561,99564,99566,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99562,99563],{"class":74},"bad_set ",[64,99565,92],{"class":91},[64,99567,99568],{"class":95}," {[",[64,99570,100],{"class":99},[64,99572,103],{"class":95},[64,99574,106],{"class":99},[64,99576,103],{"class":95},[64,99578,743],{"class":99},[64,99580,1440],{"class":95},[14,99582,99583],{},"This raises an error:",[54,99585,99586],{"className":56,"code":97097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,99587,99588],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99589,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99591,2964],{"class":1778},[64,99593,1117],{"class":95},[64,99595,97108],{"class":74},[64,99597,1779],{"class":1778},[64,99599,1117],{"class":95},[64,99601,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99603,8064],{"class":1422},[64,99605,29654],{"class":1418},[14,99607,52039],{},[54,99609,99611],{"className":56,"code":99610,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[61,99612,99613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99614,99615,99617,99619,99622,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99616,99563],{"class":74},[64,99618,92],{"class":91},[64,99620,99621],{"class":95}," {{",[64,99623,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99625,7637],{"class":1422},[64,99627,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99629,1117],{"class":95},[64,99631,3315],{"class":1418},[64,99633,7646],{"class":1422},[64,99635,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99637,99638],{"class":95},"}}\n",[14,99640,99641],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[49,99643,99645],{"id":99644},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[816,99647,99649],{"id":99648},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[54,99651,99653],{"className":56,"code":99652,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,99654,99655,99679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99656,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99658,1161],{"class":74},[64,99660,92],{"class":91},[64,99662,1415],{"class":95},[64,99664,100],{"class":99},[64,99666,103],{"class":95},[64,99668,106],{"class":99},[64,99670,103],{"class":95},[64,99672,743],{"class":99},[64,99674,103],{"class":95},[64,99676,120],{"class":99},[64,99678,9280],{"class":95},[64,99680,99681,99683,99685,99687],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99682,212],{"class":211},[64,99684,144],{"class":95},[64,99686,3611],{"class":140},[64,99688,150],{"class":95},[816,99690,99692],{"id":99691},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[54,99694,99696],{"className":56,"code":99695,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[61,99697,99698,99726,99741,99745],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99699,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99701,7749],{"class":74},[64,99703,92],{"class":91},[64,99705,112],{"class":95},[64,99707,100],{"class":99},[64,99709,103],{"class":95},[64,99711,5465],{"class":99},[64,99713,103],{"class":95},[64,99715,106],{"class":99},[64,99717,103],{"class":95},[64,99719,743],{"class":99},[64,99721,103],{"class":95},[64,99723,743],{"class":99},[64,99725,746],{"class":95},[64,99727,99728,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99729,99730],{"class":74},"unique_items ",[64,99732,92],{"class":91},[64,99734,15586],{"class":1778},[64,99736,144],{"class":95},[64,99738,7779],{"class":140},[64,99740,150],{"class":95},[64,99742,99743],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,99744,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,99746,99747,99749,99751,99754],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,99748,212],{"class":211},[64,99750,144],{"class":95},[64,99752,99753],{"class":140},"unique_items",[64,99755,150],{"class":95},[816,99757,99103],{"id":99758},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[54,99760,99762],{"className":56,"code":99761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,99763,99764,99782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99765,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99767,36048],{"class":74},[64,99769,92],{"class":91},[64,99771,15586],{"class":1778},[64,99773,144],{"class":95},[64,99775,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99777,4052],{"class":1422},[64,99779,1419],{"class":1418},[64,99781,150],{"class":95},[64,99783,99784,99786,99788,99790],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99785,212],{"class":211},[64,99787,144],{"class":95},[64,99789,36101],{"class":140},[64,99791,150],{"class":95},[816,99793,99795],{"id":99794},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[54,99797,99799],{"className":56,"code":99798,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[61,99800,99801,99811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99802,99803,99805,99807,99809],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99804,98241],{"class":74},[64,99806,92],{"class":91},[64,99808,15586],{"class":1778},[64,99810,366],{"class":95},[64,99812,99813,99815,99817,99819],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99814,212],{"class":211},[64,99816,144],{"class":95},[64,99818,98260],{"class":140},[64,99820,150],{"class":95},[49,99822,1646],{"id":1645},[14,99824,99825],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[816,99827,1654,99829,99831],{"id":99828},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[61,99830,3755],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99833,99834],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[54,99836,99838],{"className":56,"code":99837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[61,99839,99840,99848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99841,99842,99844,99846],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99843,2411],{"class":74},[64,99845,92],{"class":91},[64,99847,9810],{"class":95},[64,99849,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99851,212],{"class":211},[64,99853,144],{"class":95},[64,99855,1779],{"class":1778},[64,99857,144],{"class":95},[64,99859,2436],{"class":140},[64,99861,1737],{"class":95},[14,99863,99864],{},"This prints:",[54,99866,99867],{"className":56,"code":8779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,99868,99869],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99870,99871,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99872,3250],{"class":91},[64,99874,3253],{"class":2029},[64,99876,3256],{"class":1418},[64,99878,8792],{"class":1422},[64,99880,3261],{"class":1418},[64,99882,3264],{"class":91},[14,99884,256,99885,6598],{},[61,99886,3760],{},[816,99888,99890],{"id":99889},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99892,99893],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[54,99895,99897],{"className":56,"code":99896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,99898,99899,99927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99900,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99902,1161],{"class":74},[64,99904,92],{"class":91},[64,99906,1415],{"class":95},[64,99908,100],{"class":99},[64,99910,103],{"class":95},[64,99912,5465],{"class":99},[64,99914,103],{"class":95},[64,99916,106],{"class":99},[64,99918,103],{"class":95},[64,99920,106],{"class":99},[64,99922,103],{"class":95},[64,99924,743],{"class":99},[64,99926,9280],{"class":95},[64,99928,99929,99931,99933,99935],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99930,212],{"class":211},[64,99932,144],{"class":95},[64,99934,3611],{"class":140},[64,99936,150],{"class":95},[14,99938,99939],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[816,99941,99943],{"id":99942},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99945,99946],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99948,99949],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[54,99951,99953],{"className":56,"code":99952,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[61,99954,99955,99975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99956,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965,99967,99969,99971,99973],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99958,1161],{"class":74},[64,99960,92],{"class":91},[64,99962,1415],{"class":95},[64,99964,1432],{"class":99},[64,99966,103],{"class":95},[64,99968,1437],{"class":99},[64,99970,103],{"class":95},[64,99972,7764],{"class":99},[64,99974,9280],{"class":95},[64,99976,99977],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,99978,99979],{"class":222},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99981,99982],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[816,99984,99986],{"id":99985},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99988,99989],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[54,99991,99993],{"className":56,"code":99992,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[61,99994,99995,100000],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,99996,99997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99998,99999],{"class":222},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[64,100001,100002],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100003,100004],{"class":222},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100006,100007,100008,137],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[61,100009,2964],{},[816,100011,100013],{"id":100012},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100015,100016],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[54,100018,100020],{"className":56,"code":100019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[61,100021,100022,100042,100074,100078,100092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100023,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100025,15581],{"class":74},[64,100027,92],{"class":91},[64,100029,1415],{"class":95},[64,100031,100],{"class":99},[64,100033,103],{"class":95},[64,100035,106],{"class":99},[64,100037,103],{"class":95},[64,100039,743],{"class":99},[64,100041,9280],{"class":95},[64,100043,100044,100046,100048,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100045,11698],{"class":74},[64,100047,92],{"class":91},[64,100049,1415],{"class":95},[64,100051,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100053,543],{"class":1422},[64,100055,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100057,1117],{"class":95},[64,100059,5465],{"class":99},[64,100061,103],{"class":95},[64,100063,3315],{"class":1418},[64,100065,1235],{"class":1422},[64,100067,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100069,1117],{"class":95},[64,100071,106],{"class":99},[64,100073,9280],{"class":95},[64,100075,100076],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,100077,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,100079,100080,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,100081,212],{"class":211},[64,100083,144],{"class":95},[64,100085,1779],{"class":1778},[64,100087,144],{"class":95},[64,100089,15619],{"class":140},[64,100091,1737],{"class":95},[64,100093,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,100095,212],{"class":211},[64,100097,144],{"class":95},[64,100099,1779],{"class":1778},[64,100101,144],{"class":95},[64,100103,11423],{"class":140},[64,100105,1737],{"class":95},[49,100107,92735],{"id":92734},[14,100109,100110],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[54,100112,100114],{"className":56,"code":100113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[61,100115,100116,100142,100146,100160,100170,100184,100191],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100117,100118,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132,100134,100136,100138,100140],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100119,15581],{"class":74},[64,100121,92],{"class":91},[64,100123,15586],{"class":1778},[64,100125,382],{"class":95},[64,100127,100],{"class":99},[64,100129,103],{"class":95},[64,100131,106],{"class":99},[64,100133,103],{"class":95},[64,100135,106],{"class":99},[64,100137,103],{"class":95},[64,100139,743],{"class":99},[64,100141,393],{"class":95},[64,100143,100144],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100145,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,100147,100148,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,100149,212],{"class":211},[64,100151,144],{"class":95},[64,100153,1779],{"class":1778},[64,100155,144],{"class":95},[64,100157,15619],{"class":140},[64,100159,1737],{"class":95},[64,100161,100162,100164,100166,100168],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,100163,212],{"class":211},[64,100165,144],{"class":95},[64,100167,15619],{"class":140},[64,100169,150],{"class":95},[64,100171,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,100173,212],{"class":211},[64,100175,144],{"class":95},[64,100177,11134],{"class":211},[64,100179,144],{"class":95},[64,100181,15619],{"class":140},[64,100183,1737],{"class":95},[64,100185,100186,100188],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,100187,212],{"class":211},[64,100189,100190],{"class":95},"({})\n",[64,100192,100193,100195,100197,100199],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,100194,212],{"class":211},[64,100196,144],{"class":95},[64,100198,6256],{"class":1778},[64,100200,7162],{"class":95},[14,100202,100203],{},"Use these to confirm:",[21,100205,100206,100209,100212,100215],{},[24,100207,100208],{},"The object type",[24,100210,100211],{},"The actual values stored",[24,100213,100214],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[24,100216,35,100217,40,100219],{},[61,100218,3755],{},[61,100220,3760],{},[49,100222,1826],{"id":1825},[816,100224,100226],{"id":100225},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100228,100229,100230,100233,100234,100236],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[61,100231,100232],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[61,100235,3760],{}," with another iterable.",[816,100238,100240],{"id":100239},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100242,256,100243,100245,100246,100248],{},[61,100244,3760],{},". Empty braces ",[61,100247,3755],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[816,100250,100252],{"id":100251},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100254,100255],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[816,100257,100259],{"id":100258},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100261,100262],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[816,100264,100266],{"id":100265},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100268,100269],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[49,100271,1865],{"id":1864},[21,100273,100274,100278,100284,100290,100295],{},[24,100275,100276],{},[543,100277,96279],{"href":97450},[24,100279,100280],{},[543,100281,1877,100282,1248],{"href":98451},[61,100283,96159],{},[24,100285,100286],{},[543,100287,1877,100288,1248],{"href":98470},[61,100289,97265],{},[24,100291,100292],{},[543,100293,100294],{"href":99028},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[24,100296,100297],{},[543,100298,100299],{"href":98742},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100301,100302],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1898,100304,100305],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":100307},[100308,100309,100310,100311,100314,100320,100324,100325,100326,100332,100340,100341,100348],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":15115,"depth":78,"text":15116},{"id":98714,"depth":78,"text":98715},{"id":98746,"depth":78,"text":98747,"children":100312},[100313],{"id":98815,"depth":85,"text":98816},{"id":98919,"depth":78,"text":100315,"children":100316},"Create a set with set()",[100317,100318,100319],{"id":98944,"depth":85,"text":98945},{"id":99032,"depth":85,"text":99033},{"id":99102,"depth":85,"text":99103},{"id":99187,"depth":78,"text":99188,"children":100321},[100322],{"id":99264,"depth":85,"text":100323},"Do not use {}",{"id":72218,"depth":78,"text":72219},{"id":99472,"depth":78,"text":99473},{"id":99644,"depth":78,"text":99645,"children":100327},[100328,100329,100330,100331],{"id":99648,"depth":85,"text":99649},{"id":99691,"depth":85,"text":99692},{"id":99758,"depth":85,"text":99103},{"id":99794,"depth":85,"text":99795},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":100333},[100334,100336,100337,100338,100339],{"id":99828,"depth":85,"text":100335},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99889,"depth":85,"text":99890},{"id":99942,"depth":85,"text":99943},{"id":99985,"depth":85,"text":99986},{"id":100012,"depth":85,"text":100013},{"id":92734,"depth":78,"text":92735},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":100342},[100343,100344,100345,100346,100347],{"id":100225,"depth":85,"text":100226},{"id":100239,"depth":85,"text":100240},{"id":100251,"depth":85,"text":100252},{"id":100258,"depth":85,"text":100259},{"id":100265,"depth":85,"text":100266},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98517,"description":100349},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100355,"title":100356,"body":100357,"description":102788,"extension":1927,"meta":102789,"navigation":81,"path":102790,"seo":102791,"stem":102792,"__hash__":102793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100358,"toc":102753},[100359,100365,100371,100374,100376,100453,100455,100472,100482,100484,100489,100497,100499,100515,100519,100521,100523,100526,100547,100550,100574,100580,100582,100679,100681,100698,100708,100710,100712,100720,100722,100733,100735,100826,100828,100852,100863,100865,100867,100870,101000,101002,101075,101077,101098,101101,101103,101109,101114,101117,101244,101246,101263,101266,101268,101276,101279,101283,101291,101382,101384,101421,101426,101433,101510,101512,101528,101533,101538,101540,101549,101557,101638,101640,101669,101672,101676,101687,101690,101773,101775,101796,101802,101804,101806,101810,101814,101821,101886,101888,101908,101911,101980,101982,101998,102002,102008,102020,102028,102030,102115,102117,102146,102149,102153,102158,102160,102210,102213,102294,102296,102312,102316,102319,102394,102397,102401,102404,102481,102483,102516,102522,102526,102529,102664,102666,102680,102682,102684,102690,102693,102700,102708,102714,102717,102721,102724,102726,102728,102750],[10,100360,96151,100362,11295],{"id":100361},"python-set-difference-method",[61,100363,100364],{},"difference()",[14,100366,100367,100370],{},[61,100368,100369],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100372,100373],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[49,100375,3572],{"id":3571},[54,100377,100379],{"className":56,"code":100378,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[61,100380,100381,100405,100425,100443],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100382,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100384,1186],{"class":74},[64,100386,92],{"class":91},[64,100388,1415],{"class":95},[64,100390,100],{"class":99},[64,100392,103],{"class":95},[64,100394,106],{"class":99},[64,100396,103],{"class":95},[64,100398,743],{"class":99},[64,100400,103],{"class":95},[64,100402,120],{"class":99},[64,100404,9280],{"class":95},[64,100406,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421,100423],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100408,1202],{"class":74},[64,100410,92],{"class":91},[64,100412,1415],{"class":95},[64,100414,115],{"class":99},[64,100416,103],{"class":95},[64,100418,120],{"class":99},[64,100420,103],{"class":95},[64,100422,4570],{"class":99},[64,100424,9280],{"class":95},[64,100426,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,100428,2194],{"class":74},[64,100430,92],{"class":91},[64,100432,56839],{"class":74},[64,100434,137],{"class":95},[64,100436,2773],{"class":140},[64,100438,144],{"class":95},[64,100440,1235],{"class":140},[64,100442,150],{"class":95},[64,100444,100445,100447,100449,100451],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,100446,212],{"class":211},[64,100448,144],{"class":95},[64,100450,2229],{"class":140},[64,100452,150],{"class":95},[14,100454,2035],{},[54,100456,100458],{"className":56,"code":100457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n",[61,100459,100460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100461,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100463,9249],{"class":95},[64,100465,100],{"class":99},[64,100467,103],{"class":95},[64,100469,106],{"class":99},[64,100471,9280],{"class":95},[14,100473,100474,100476,100477,100479,100480,137],{},[61,100475,100364],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[61,100478,543],{}," that are not in ",[61,100481,1235],{},[44874,100483],{},[49,100485,3639,100487,3642],{"id":100486},"what-difference-does",[61,100488,100364],{},[14,100490,1944,100491,100493,100494,100496],{},[61,100492,100364],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[37,100495,300],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100498,13017],{},[21,100500,100501,100506,100509,100512],{},[24,100502,100503,100505],{},[61,100504,100364],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[24,100507,100508],{},"It creates a new set",[24,100510,100511],{},"It does not change the original set",[24,100513,100514],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100516,96275,100517,137],{},[543,100518,96279],{"href":97450},[44874,100520],{},[49,100522,2120],{"id":2119},[14,100524,100525],{},"Use this form:",[54,100527,100529],{"className":56,"code":100528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[61,100530,100531],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100532,100533,100536,100538,100540,100542,100545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100534,100535],{"class":74},"set1",[64,100537,137],{"class":95},[64,100539,2773],{"class":140},[64,100541,144],{"class":95},[64,100543,100544],{"class":140},"set2",[64,100546,150],{"class":95},[14,100548,100549],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[54,100551,100553],{"className":56,"code":100552,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[61,100554,100555],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100572],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100558,100535],{"class":74},[64,100560,137],{"class":95},[64,100562,2773],{"class":140},[64,100564,144],{"class":95},[64,100566,100544],{"class":140},[64,100568,103],{"class":95},[64,100570,100571],{"class":140}," set3",[64,100573,150],{"class":95},[14,100575,100576,100577,100579],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[37,100578,5320],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100581,318],{},[54,100583,100585],{"className":56,"code":100584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[61,100586,100587,100615,100631,100643,100647,100669],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100588,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100590,1186],{"class":74},[64,100592,92],{"class":91},[64,100594,1415],{"class":95},[64,100596,100],{"class":99},[64,100598,103],{"class":95},[64,100600,106],{"class":99},[64,100602,103],{"class":95},[64,100604,743],{"class":99},[64,100606,103],{"class":95},[64,100608,120],{"class":99},[64,100610,103],{"class":95},[64,100612,4570],{"class":99},[64,100614,9280],{"class":95},[64,100616,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100618,1202],{"class":74},[64,100620,92],{"class":91},[64,100622,1415],{"class":95},[64,100624,2021],{"class":99},[64,100626,103],{"class":95},[64,100628,743],{"class":99},[64,100630,9280],{"class":95},[64,100632,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,100634,83135],{"class":74},[64,100636,92],{"class":91},[64,100638,1415],{"class":95},[64,100640,385],{"class":99},[64,100642,9280],{"class":95},[64,100644,100645],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,100646,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,100648,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,100650,2194],{"class":74},[64,100652,92],{"class":91},[64,100654,56839],{"class":74},[64,100656,137],{"class":95},[64,100658,2773],{"class":140},[64,100660,144],{"class":95},[64,100662,1235],{"class":140},[64,100664,103],{"class":95},[64,100666,9653],{"class":140},[64,100668,150],{"class":95},[64,100670,100671,100673,100675,100677],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,100672,212],{"class":211},[64,100674,144],{"class":95},[64,100676,2229],{"class":140},[64,100678,150],{"class":95},[14,100680,2035],{},[54,100682,100684],{"className":56,"code":100683,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 4}\n",[61,100685,100686],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100687,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100689,9249],{"class":95},[64,100691,100],{"class":99},[64,100693,103],{"class":95},[64,100695,120],{"class":99},[64,100697,9280],{"class":95},[14,100699,100700,100701,100703,100704,2839,100706,137],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[61,100702,543],{}," and removes anything found in ",[61,100705,1235],{},[61,100707,9711],{},[44874,100709],{},[49,100711,17372],{"id":17371},[14,100713,100714,100716,100717,137],{},[61,100715,100364],{}," always returns a ",[37,100718,100719],{},"new set",[14,100721,43609],{},[21,100723,100724,100727,100730],{},[24,100725,100726],{},"The return value is a new set",[24,100728,100729],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[24,100731,100732],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100734,318],{},[54,100736,100738],{"className":56,"code":100737,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,100739,100740,100756,100776,100780,100798,100802,100812],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100741,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100743,1186],{"class":74},[64,100745,92],{"class":91},[64,100747,1415],{"class":95},[64,100749,100],{"class":99},[64,100751,103],{"class":95},[64,100753,106],{"class":99},[64,100755,9280],{"class":95},[64,100757,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100759,1202],{"class":74},[64,100761,92],{"class":91},[64,100763,1415],{"class":95},[64,100765,100],{"class":99},[64,100767,103],{"class":95},[64,100769,106],{"class":99},[64,100771,103],{"class":95},[64,100773,743],{"class":99},[64,100775,9280],{"class":95},[64,100777,100778],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,100779,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,100781,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,100783,2194],{"class":74},[64,100785,92],{"class":91},[64,100787,56839],{"class":74},[64,100789,137],{"class":95},[64,100791,2773],{"class":140},[64,100793,144],{"class":95},[64,100795,1235],{"class":140},[64,100797,150],{"class":95},[64,100799,100800],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,100801,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,100803,100804,100806,100808,100810],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,100805,212],{"class":211},[64,100807,144],{"class":95},[64,100809,2229],{"class":140},[64,100811,150],{"class":95},[64,100813,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,100815,212],{"class":211},[64,100817,144],{"class":95},[64,100819,1779],{"class":1778},[64,100821,144],{"class":95},[64,100823,2229],{"class":140},[64,100825,1737],{"class":95},[14,100827,2035],{},[54,100829,100830],{"className":56,"code":99239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,100831,100832,100838],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100833,100834,100836],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100835,6256],{"class":1778},[64,100837,366],{"class":95},[64,100839,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100841,3250],{"class":91},[64,100843,3253],{"class":2029},[64,100845,3256],{"class":1418},[64,100847,6256],{"class":1422},[64,100849,3261],{"class":1418},[64,100851,3264],{"class":91},[14,100853,100854,100855,18917,100857,100859,100860,100862],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[61,100856,3760],{},[61,100858,3755],{},". In Python, ",[61,100861,3755],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44874,100864],{},[49,100866,11449],{"id":11448},[14,100868,100869],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[54,100871,100873],{"className":56,"code":100872,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[61,100874,100875,100908,100941,100945,100965,100969,100979,100990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,100876,100877,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100878,100879],{"class":74},"fruits_a ",[64,100881,92],{"class":91},[64,100883,1415],{"class":95},[64,100885,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100887,4043],{"class":1422},[64,100889,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100891,103],{"class":95},[64,100893,3315],{"class":1418},[64,100895,4052],{"class":1422},[64,100897,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100899,103],{"class":95},[64,100901,3315],{"class":1418},[64,100903,33177],{"class":1422},[64,100905,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100907,9280],{"class":95},[64,100909,100910,100913,100915,100917,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,100911,100912],{"class":74},"fruits_b ",[64,100914,92],{"class":91},[64,100916,1415],{"class":95},[64,100918,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100920,4052],{"class":1422},[64,100922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100924,103],{"class":95},[64,100926,3315],{"class":1418},[64,100928,33177],{"class":1422},[64,100930,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100932,103],{"class":95},[64,100934,3315],{"class":1418},[64,100936,22486],{"class":1422},[64,100938,1419],{"class":1418},[64,100940,9280],{"class":95},[64,100942,100943],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,100944,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,100946,100947,100949,100951,100954,100956,100958,100960,100963],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,100948,2194],{"class":74},[64,100950,92],{"class":91},[64,100952,100953],{"class":74}," fruits_a",[64,100955,137],{"class":95},[64,100957,2773],{"class":140},[64,100959,144],{"class":95},[64,100961,100962],{"class":140},"fruits_b",[64,100964,150],{"class":95},[64,100966,100967],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,100968,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,100970,100971,100973,100975,100977],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,100972,212],{"class":211},[64,100974,144],{"class":95},[64,100976,2229],{"class":140},[64,100978,150],{"class":95},[64,100980,100981,100983,100985,100988],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,100982,212],{"class":211},[64,100984,144],{"class":95},[64,100986,100987],{"class":140},"fruits_a",[64,100989,150],{"class":95},[64,100991,100992,100994,100996,100998],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,100993,212],{"class":211},[64,100995,144],{"class":95},[64,100997,100962],{"class":140},[64,100999,150],{"class":95},[14,101001,29984],{},[54,101003,101005],{"className":56,"code":101004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[61,101006,101007,101019,101047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101008,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101010,9249],{"class":95},[64,101012,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101014,4043],{"class":1422},[64,101016,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101018,9280],{"class":95},[64,101020,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101022,9249],{"class":95},[64,101024,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101026,4052],{"class":1422},[64,101028,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101030,103],{"class":95},[64,101032,3256],{"class":1418},[64,101034,33177],{"class":1422},[64,101036,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101038,103],{"class":95},[64,101040,3256],{"class":1418},[64,101042,4043],{"class":1422},[64,101044,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101046,9280],{"class":95},[64,101048,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101050,9249],{"class":95},[64,101052,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101054,4052],{"class":1422},[64,101056,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101058,103],{"class":95},[64,101060,3256],{"class":1418},[64,101062,33177],{"class":1422},[64,101064,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101066,103],{"class":95},[64,101068,3256],{"class":1418},[64,101070,22486],{"class":1422},[64,101072,3261],{"class":1418},[64,101074,9280],{"class":95},[14,101076,11657],{},[21,101078,101079,101084,101089,101095],{},[24,101080,101081,101082],{},"Start with ",[61,101083,100987],{},[24,101085,101086,101087],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[61,101088,100962],{},[24,101090,101091,101092,101094],{},"Only ",[61,101093,57782],{}," remains",[24,101096,101097],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101099,101100],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44874,101102],{},[49,101104,1654,101106,101108],{"id":101105},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[61,101107,100364],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101110,101111,101112,137],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[61,101113,100364],{},[14,101115,101116],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[54,101118,101120],{"className":56,"code":101119,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[61,101121,101122,101154,101171,101184,101201,101205,101234],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101123,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142,101144,101146,101148,101150,101152],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101125,1161],{"class":74},[64,101127,92],{"class":91},[64,101129,1415],{"class":95},[64,101131,100],{"class":99},[64,101133,103],{"class":95},[64,101135,106],{"class":99},[64,101137,103],{"class":95},[64,101139,743],{"class":99},[64,101141,103],{"class":95},[64,101143,120],{"class":99},[64,101145,103],{"class":95},[64,101147,4570],{"class":99},[64,101149,103],{"class":95},[64,101151,390],{"class":99},[64,101153,9280],{"class":95},[64,101155,101156,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101157,101158],{"class":74},"group_a ",[64,101160,92],{"class":91},[64,101162,1415],{"class":95},[64,101164,2021],{"class":99},[64,101166,103],{"class":95},[64,101168,120],{"class":99},[64,101170,9280],{"class":95},[64,101172,101173,101176,101178,101180,101182],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101174,101175],{"class":74},"group_b ",[64,101177,92],{"class":91},[64,101179,1415],{"class":95},[64,101181,385],{"class":99},[64,101183,9280],{"class":95},[64,101185,101186,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,101187,101188],{"class":74},"group_c ",[64,101190,92],{"class":91},[64,101192,1415],{"class":95},[64,101194,80543],{"class":99},[64,101196,103],{"class":95},[64,101198,5962],{"class":99},[64,101200,9280],{"class":95},[64,101202,101203],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,101204,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101206,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219,101222,101224,101227,101229,101232],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,101208,2194],{"class":74},[64,101210,92],{"class":91},[64,101212,1191],{"class":74},[64,101214,137],{"class":95},[64,101216,2773],{"class":140},[64,101218,144],{"class":95},[64,101220,101221],{"class":140},"group_a",[64,101223,103],{"class":95},[64,101225,101226],{"class":140}," group_b",[64,101228,103],{"class":95},[64,101230,101231],{"class":140}," group_c",[64,101233,150],{"class":95},[64,101235,101236,101238,101240,101242],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,101237,212],{"class":211},[64,101239,144],{"class":95},[64,101241,2229],{"class":140},[64,101243,150],{"class":95},[14,101245,2035],{},[54,101247,101249],{"className":56,"code":101248,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 3}\n",[61,101250,101251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101252,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101254,9249],{"class":95},[64,101256,100],{"class":99},[64,101258,103],{"class":95},[64,101260,743],{"class":99},[64,101262,9280],{"class":95},[14,101264,101265],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44874,101267],{},[49,101269,101271,10557,101273],{"id":101270},"difference-vs-difference_update",[61,101272,100364],{},[61,101274,101275],{},"difference_update()",[14,101277,101278],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[816,101280,101281],{"id":2773},[61,101282,100364],{},[21,101284,101285,101288],{},[24,101286,101287],{},"Returns a new set",[24,101289,101290],{},"Does not change the original set",[54,101292,101294],{"className":56,"code":101293,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[61,101295,101296,101320,101336,101340,101358,101362,101372],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101297,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101299,1186],{"class":74},[64,101301,92],{"class":91},[64,101303,1415],{"class":95},[64,101305,100],{"class":99},[64,101307,103],{"class":95},[64,101309,106],{"class":99},[64,101311,103],{"class":95},[64,101313,743],{"class":99},[64,101315,103],{"class":95},[64,101317,120],{"class":99},[64,101319,9280],{"class":95},[64,101321,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101323,1202],{"class":74},[64,101325,92],{"class":91},[64,101327,1415],{"class":95},[64,101329,115],{"class":99},[64,101331,103],{"class":95},[64,101333,120],{"class":99},[64,101335,9280],{"class":95},[64,101337,101338],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101339,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101341,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,101343,2194],{"class":74},[64,101345,92],{"class":91},[64,101347,56839],{"class":74},[64,101349,137],{"class":95},[64,101351,2773],{"class":140},[64,101353,144],{"class":95},[64,101355,1235],{"class":140},[64,101357,150],{"class":95},[64,101359,101360],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,101361,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101363,101364,101366,101368,101370],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,101365,212],{"class":211},[64,101367,144],{"class":95},[64,101369,2229],{"class":140},[64,101371,150],{"class":95},[64,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,101375,212],{"class":211},[64,101377,144],{"class":95},[64,101379,543],{"class":140},[64,101381,150],{"class":95},[14,101383,2035],{},[54,101385,101387],{"className":56,"code":101386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[61,101388,101389,101401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101390,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101392,9249],{"class":95},[64,101394,100],{"class":99},[64,101396,103],{"class":95},[64,101398,106],{"class":99},[64,101400,9280],{"class":95},[64,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101404,9249],{"class":95},[64,101406,100],{"class":99},[64,101408,103],{"class":95},[64,101410,106],{"class":99},[64,101412,103],{"class":95},[64,101414,743],{"class":99},[64,101416,103],{"class":95},[64,101418,120],{"class":99},[64,101420,9280],{"class":95},[816,101422,101424],{"id":101423},"difference_update",[61,101425,101275],{},[21,101427,101428,101431],{},[24,101429,101430],{},"Changes the original set",[24,101432,96269],{},[54,101434,101436],{"className":56,"code":101435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[61,101437,101438,101462,101478,101482,101496,101500],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101439,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101441,1186],{"class":74},[64,101443,92],{"class":91},[64,101445,1415],{"class":95},[64,101447,100],{"class":99},[64,101449,103],{"class":95},[64,101451,106],{"class":99},[64,101453,103],{"class":95},[64,101455,743],{"class":99},[64,101457,103],{"class":95},[64,101459,120],{"class":99},[64,101461,9280],{"class":95},[64,101463,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472,101474,101476],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101465,1202],{"class":74},[64,101467,92],{"class":91},[64,101469,1415],{"class":95},[64,101471,115],{"class":99},[64,101473,103],{"class":95},[64,101475,120],{"class":99},[64,101477,9280],{"class":95},[64,101479,101480],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101481,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101483,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492,101494],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,101485,543],{"class":74},[64,101487,137],{"class":95},[64,101489,101423],{"class":140},[64,101491,144],{"class":95},[64,101493,1235],{"class":140},[64,101495,150],{"class":95},[64,101497,101498],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,101499,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101501,101502,101504,101506,101508],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,101503,212],{"class":211},[64,101505,144],{"class":95},[64,101507,543],{"class":140},[64,101509,150],{"class":95},[14,101511,2035],{},[54,101513,101514],{"className":56,"code":100457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,101515,101516],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101517,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101519,9249],{"class":95},[64,101521,100],{"class":99},[64,101523,103],{"class":95},[64,101525,106],{"class":99},[64,101527,9280],{"class":95},[14,101529,256,101530,101532],{},[61,101531,100364],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101534,101535,101536,33557],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[61,101537,101275],{},[44874,101539],{},[49,101541,101543,101545,101546,101548],{"id":101542},"difference-vs-the-operator",[61,101544,100364],{}," vs the ",[61,101547,1986],{}," operator",[14,101550,1944,101551,101553,101554,101556],{},[61,101552,1986],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[61,101555,100364],{}," for two sets.",[54,101558,101560],{"className":56,"code":101559,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[61,101561,101562,101586,101602,101606,101624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101563,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101565,1186],{"class":74},[64,101567,92],{"class":91},[64,101569,1415],{"class":95},[64,101571,100],{"class":99},[64,101573,103],{"class":95},[64,101575,106],{"class":99},[64,101577,103],{"class":95},[64,101579,743],{"class":99},[64,101581,103],{"class":95},[64,101583,120],{"class":99},[64,101585,9280],{"class":95},[64,101587,101588,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101589,1202],{"class":74},[64,101591,92],{"class":91},[64,101593,1415],{"class":95},[64,101595,115],{"class":99},[64,101597,103],{"class":95},[64,101599,120],{"class":99},[64,101601,9280],{"class":95},[64,101603,101604],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101605,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101607,101608,101610,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,101609,212],{"class":211},[64,101611,144],{"class":95},[64,101613,543],{"class":140},[64,101615,137],{"class":95},[64,101617,2773],{"class":140},[64,101619,144],{"class":95},[64,101621,1235],{"class":140},[64,101623,1737],{"class":95},[64,101625,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,101627,212],{"class":211},[64,101629,144],{"class":95},[64,101631,1186],{"class":140},[64,101633,1986],{"class":91},[64,101635,2522],{"class":140},[64,101637,150],{"class":95},[14,101639,2035],{},[54,101641,101643],{"className":56,"code":101642,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[61,101644,101645,101657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101646,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101648,9249],{"class":95},[64,101650,100],{"class":99},[64,101652,103],{"class":95},[64,101654,106],{"class":99},[64,101656,9280],{"class":95},[64,101658,101659,101661,101663,101665,101667],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101660,9249],{"class":95},[64,101662,100],{"class":99},[64,101664,103],{"class":95},[64,101666,106],{"class":99},[64,101668,9280],{"class":95},[14,101670,101671],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101673,94539,101674,2456],{},[61,101675,100364],{},[21,101677,101678,101681,101684],{},[24,101679,101680],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[24,101682,101683],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[24,101685,101686],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101688,101689],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[54,101691,101693],{"className":56,"code":101692,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[61,101694,101695,101723,101735,101747,101751],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101696,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101698,1186],{"class":74},[64,101700,92],{"class":91},[64,101702,1415],{"class":95},[64,101704,100],{"class":99},[64,101706,103],{"class":95},[64,101708,106],{"class":99},[64,101710,103],{"class":95},[64,101712,743],{"class":99},[64,101714,103],{"class":95},[64,101716,120],{"class":99},[64,101718,103],{"class":95},[64,101720,4570],{"class":99},[64,101722,9280],{"class":95},[64,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101726,1202],{"class":74},[64,101728,92],{"class":91},[64,101730,1415],{"class":95},[64,101732,2021],{"class":99},[64,101734,9280],{"class":95},[64,101736,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101738,83135],{"class":74},[64,101740,92],{"class":91},[64,101742,1415],{"class":95},[64,101744,772],{"class":99},[64,101746,9280],{"class":95},[64,101748,101749],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,101750,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101752,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,101754,212],{"class":211},[64,101756,144],{"class":95},[64,101758,543],{"class":140},[64,101760,137],{"class":95},[64,101762,2773],{"class":140},[64,101764,144],{"class":95},[64,101766,1235],{"class":140},[64,101768,103],{"class":95},[64,101770,9653],{"class":140},[64,101772,1737],{"class":95},[14,101774,2035],{},[54,101776,101778],{"className":56,"code":101777,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[61,101779,101780],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101781,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101783,9249],{"class":95},[64,101785,100],{"class":99},[64,101787,103],{"class":95},[64,101789,743],{"class":99},[64,101791,103],{"class":95},[64,101793,4570],{"class":99},[64,101795,9280],{"class":95},[14,101797,101798,101799,101801],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[61,101800,1986],{}," operator expression.",[44874,101803],{},[49,101805,4483],{"id":4482},[14,101807,21164,101808,137],{},[61,101809,100364],{},[816,101811,101813],{"id":101812},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101815,4593,101816,101818,101819,1117],{},[37,101817,300],{}," change ",[61,101820,543],{},[54,101822,101824],{"className":56,"code":101823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[61,101825,101826,101846,101858,101862,101876],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101827,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101829,1186],{"class":74},[64,101831,92],{"class":91},[64,101833,1415],{"class":95},[64,101835,100],{"class":99},[64,101837,103],{"class":95},[64,101839,106],{"class":99},[64,101841,103],{"class":95},[64,101843,743],{"class":99},[64,101845,9280],{"class":95},[64,101847,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101849,1202],{"class":74},[64,101851,92],{"class":91},[64,101853,1415],{"class":95},[64,101855,115],{"class":99},[64,101857,9280],{"class":95},[64,101859,101860],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101861,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101863,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,101865,543],{"class":74},[64,101867,137],{"class":95},[64,101869,2773],{"class":140},[64,101871,144],{"class":95},[64,101873,1235],{"class":140},[64,101875,150],{"class":95},[64,101877,101878,101880,101882,101884],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,101879,212],{"class":211},[64,101881,144],{"class":95},[64,101883,543],{"class":140},[64,101885,150],{"class":95},[14,101887,2035],{},[54,101889,101890],{"className":56,"code":96558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,101891,101892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101893,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904,101906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101895,9249],{"class":95},[64,101897,100],{"class":99},[64,101899,103],{"class":95},[64,101901,106],{"class":99},[64,101903,103],{"class":95},[64,101905,743],{"class":99},[64,101907,9280],{"class":95},[14,101909,101910],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[54,101912,101914],{"className":56,"code":101913,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[61,101915,101916,101936,101948,101952,101970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101919,1186],{"class":74},[64,101921,92],{"class":91},[64,101923,1415],{"class":95},[64,101925,100],{"class":99},[64,101927,103],{"class":95},[64,101929,106],{"class":99},[64,101931,103],{"class":95},[64,101933,743],{"class":99},[64,101935,9280],{"class":95},[64,101937,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,101939,1202],{"class":74},[64,101941,92],{"class":91},[64,101943,1415],{"class":95},[64,101945,115],{"class":99},[64,101947,9280],{"class":95},[64,101949,101950],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,101951,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,101955,1186],{"class":74},[64,101957,92],{"class":91},[64,101959,56839],{"class":74},[64,101961,137],{"class":95},[64,101963,2773],{"class":140},[64,101965,144],{"class":95},[64,101967,1235],{"class":140},[64,101969,150],{"class":95},[64,101971,101972,101974,101976,101978],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,101973,212],{"class":211},[64,101975,144],{"class":95},[64,101977,543],{"class":140},[64,101979,150],{"class":95},[14,101981,2035],{},[54,101983,101984],{"className":56,"code":100457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,101985,101986],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101989,9249],{"class":95},[64,101991,100],{"class":99},[64,101993,103],{"class":95},[64,101995,106],{"class":99},[64,101997,9280],{"class":95},[816,101999,102001],{"id":102000},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102003,102004,102007],{},[61,102005,102006],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[21,102009,102010,102015],{},[24,102011,102012,102013],{},"keep items from ",[61,102014,543],{},[24,102016,102017,102018],{},"remove anything also in ",[61,102019,1235],{},[14,102021,40864,102022,102024,102025,102027],{},[37,102023,300],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[61,102026,1235],{},"”.",[14,102029,318],{},[54,102031,102033],{"className":56,"code":102032,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[61,102034,102035,102055,102075,102079,102097],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102036,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102038,1186],{"class":74},[64,102040,92],{"class":91},[64,102042,1415],{"class":95},[64,102044,100],{"class":99},[64,102046,103],{"class":95},[64,102048,106],{"class":99},[64,102050,103],{"class":95},[64,102052,743],{"class":99},[64,102054,9280],{"class":95},[64,102056,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102058,1202],{"class":74},[64,102060,92],{"class":91},[64,102062,1415],{"class":95},[64,102064,115],{"class":99},[64,102066,103],{"class":95},[64,102068,120],{"class":99},[64,102070,103],{"class":95},[64,102072,4570],{"class":99},[64,102074,9280],{"class":95},[64,102076,102077],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,102078,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,102080,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,102082,212],{"class":211},[64,102084,144],{"class":95},[64,102086,543],{"class":140},[64,102088,137],{"class":95},[64,102090,2773],{"class":140},[64,102092,144],{"class":95},[64,102094,1235],{"class":140},[64,102096,1737],{"class":95},[64,102098,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,102100,212],{"class":211},[64,102102,144],{"class":95},[64,102104,1235],{"class":140},[64,102106,137],{"class":95},[64,102108,2773],{"class":140},[64,102110,144],{"class":95},[64,102112,543],{"class":140},[64,102114,1737],{"class":95},[14,102116,2035],{},[54,102118,102120],{"className":56,"code":102119,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[61,102121,102122,102134],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102123,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102125,9249],{"class":95},[64,102127,100],{"class":99},[64,102129,103],{"class":95},[64,102131,106],{"class":99},[64,102133,9280],{"class":95},[64,102135,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102137,9249],{"class":95},[64,102139,772],{"class":99},[64,102141,103],{"class":95},[64,102143,4570],{"class":99},[64,102145,9280],{"class":95},[14,102147,102148],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[816,102150,102152],{"id":102151},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102154,102155,102157],{},[61,102156,100364],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102159,55276],{},[54,102161,102163],{"className":56,"code":102162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[61,102164,102165,102185,102201,102205],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102166,102167,102169,102171,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102168,1186],{"class":74},[64,102170,92],{"class":91},[64,102172,112],{"class":95},[64,102174,100],{"class":99},[64,102176,103],{"class":95},[64,102178,106],{"class":99},[64,102180,103],{"class":95},[64,102182,743],{"class":99},[64,102184,746],{"class":95},[64,102186,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102188,1202],{"class":74},[64,102190,92],{"class":91},[64,102192,112],{"class":95},[64,102194,115],{"class":99},[64,102196,103],{"class":95},[64,102198,120],{"class":99},[64,102200,746],{"class":95},[64,102202,102203],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,102204,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,102206,102207],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,102208,102209],{"class":222},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102211,102212],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[54,102214,102216],{"className":56,"code":102215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[61,102217,102218,102238,102254,102258,102284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102219,102220,102222,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102221,1186],{"class":74},[64,102223,92],{"class":91},[64,102225,112],{"class":95},[64,102227,100],{"class":99},[64,102229,103],{"class":95},[64,102231,106],{"class":99},[64,102233,103],{"class":95},[64,102235,743],{"class":99},[64,102237,746],{"class":95},[64,102239,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102241,1202],{"class":74},[64,102243,92],{"class":91},[64,102245,112],{"class":95},[64,102247,115],{"class":99},[64,102249,103],{"class":95},[64,102251,120],{"class":99},[64,102253,746],{"class":95},[64,102255,102256],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,102257,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,102259,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,102261,2194],{"class":74},[64,102263,92],{"class":91},[64,102265,15586],{"class":1778},[64,102267,144],{"class":95},[64,102269,543],{"class":140},[64,102271,8602],{"class":95},[64,102273,2773],{"class":140},[64,102275,144],{"class":95},[64,102277,6256],{"class":1778},[64,102279,144],{"class":95},[64,102281,1235],{"class":140},[64,102283,1737],{"class":95},[64,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,102287,212],{"class":211},[64,102289,144],{"class":95},[64,102291,2229],{"class":140},[64,102293,150],{"class":95},[14,102295,2035],{},[54,102297,102298],{"className":56,"code":100457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,102299,102300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102301,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102303,9249],{"class":95},[64,102305,100],{"class":99},[64,102307,103],{"class":95},[64,102309,106],{"class":99},[64,102311,9280],{"class":95},[816,102313,102315],{"id":102314},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102317,102318],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[54,102320,102322],{"className":56,"code":102321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[61,102323,102324,102356,102372,102376],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102325,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102327,1186],{"class":74},[64,102329,92],{"class":91},[64,102331,1415],{"class":95},[64,102333,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102335,37004],{"class":1422},[64,102337,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102339,103],{"class":95},[64,102341,3315],{"class":1418},[64,102343,58076],{"class":1422},[64,102345,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102347,103],{"class":95},[64,102349,3315],{"class":1418},[64,102351,58093],{"class":1422},[64,102353,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102355,9280],{"class":95},[64,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102359,1202],{"class":74},[64,102361,92],{"class":91},[64,102363,1415],{"class":95},[64,102365,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102367,58076],{"class":1422},[64,102369,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102371,9280],{"class":95},[64,102373,102374],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,102375,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,102377,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,102379,212],{"class":211},[64,102381,144],{"class":95},[64,102383,543],{"class":140},[64,102385,137],{"class":95},[64,102387,2773],{"class":140},[64,102389,144],{"class":95},[64,102391,1235],{"class":140},[64,102393,1737],{"class":95},[14,102395,102396],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[816,102398,102400],{"id":102399},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102402,102403],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[54,102405,102407],{"className":56,"code":102406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[61,102408,102409,102437,102449,102453,102463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102410,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102412,1186],{"class":74},[64,102414,92],{"class":91},[64,102416,1415],{"class":95},[64,102418,100],{"class":99},[64,102420,103],{"class":95},[64,102422,5465],{"class":99},[64,102424,103],{"class":95},[64,102426,106],{"class":99},[64,102428,103],{"class":95},[64,102430,106],{"class":99},[64,102432,103],{"class":95},[64,102434,743],{"class":99},[64,102436,9280],{"class":95},[64,102438,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102440,1202],{"class":74},[64,102442,92],{"class":91},[64,102444,1415],{"class":95},[64,102446,115],{"class":99},[64,102448,9280],{"class":95},[64,102450,102451],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,102452,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,102454,102455,102457,102459,102461],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,102456,212],{"class":211},[64,102458,144],{"class":95},[64,102460,543],{"class":140},[64,102462,150],{"class":95},[64,102464,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,102466,212],{"class":211},[64,102468,144],{"class":95},[64,102470,543],{"class":140},[64,102472,137],{"class":95},[64,102474,2773],{"class":140},[64,102476,144],{"class":95},[64,102478,1235],{"class":140},[64,102480,1737],{"class":95},[14,102482,2035],{},[54,102484,102486],{"className":56,"code":102485,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[61,102487,102488,102504],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102489,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102491,9249],{"class":95},[64,102493,100],{"class":99},[64,102495,103],{"class":95},[64,102497,106],{"class":99},[64,102499,103],{"class":95},[64,102501,743],{"class":99},[64,102503,9280],{"class":95},[64,102505,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102507,9249],{"class":95},[64,102509,100],{"class":99},[64,102511,103],{"class":95},[64,102513,106],{"class":99},[64,102515,9280],{"class":95},[14,102517,102518,102519,102521],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[61,102520,100364],{}," runs.",[816,102523,102525],{"id":102524},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102527,102528],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[54,102530,102532],{"className":56,"code":102531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[61,102533,102534,102558,102578,102582,102592,102602,102620,102642],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102535,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102537,1186],{"class":74},[64,102539,92],{"class":91},[64,102541,1415],{"class":95},[64,102543,100],{"class":99},[64,102545,103],{"class":95},[64,102547,106],{"class":99},[64,102549,103],{"class":95},[64,102551,743],{"class":99},[64,102553,103],{"class":95},[64,102555,120],{"class":99},[64,102557,9280],{"class":95},[64,102559,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568,102570,102572,102574,102576],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102561,1202],{"class":74},[64,102563,92],{"class":91},[64,102565,1415],{"class":95},[64,102567,115],{"class":99},[64,102569,103],{"class":95},[64,102571,120],{"class":99},[64,102573,103],{"class":95},[64,102575,4570],{"class":99},[64,102577,9280],{"class":95},[64,102579,102580],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,102581,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,102583,102584,102586,102588,102590],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,102585,212],{"class":211},[64,102587,144],{"class":95},[64,102589,543],{"class":140},[64,102591,150],{"class":95},[64,102593,102594,102596,102598,102600],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,102595,212],{"class":211},[64,102597,144],{"class":95},[64,102599,1235],{"class":140},[64,102601,150],{"class":95},[64,102603,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,102605,212],{"class":211},[64,102607,144],{"class":95},[64,102609,543],{"class":140},[64,102611,137],{"class":95},[64,102613,2773],{"class":140},[64,102615,144],{"class":95},[64,102617,1235],{"class":140},[64,102619,1737],{"class":95},[64,102621,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,102623,212],{"class":211},[64,102625,144],{"class":95},[64,102627,1779],{"class":1778},[64,102629,144],{"class":95},[64,102631,543],{"class":140},[64,102633,137],{"class":95},[64,102635,2773],{"class":140},[64,102637,144],{"class":95},[64,102639,1235],{"class":140},[64,102641,2873],{"class":95},[64,102643,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,102645,212],{"class":211},[64,102647,144],{"class":95},[64,102649,11134],{"class":211},[64,102651,144],{"class":95},[64,102653,543],{"class":140},[64,102655,137],{"class":95},[64,102657,2773],{"class":140},[64,102659,144],{"class":95},[64,102661,1235],{"class":140},[64,102663,2873],{"class":95},[14,102665,11143],{},[21,102667,102668,102671,102674,102677],{},[24,102669,102670],{},"what is in each set",[24,102672,102673],{},"what result Python creates",[24,102675,102676],{},"that the result is a set",[24,102678,102679],{},"how many items remain",[44874,102681],{},[49,102683,1826],{"id":1825},[816,102685,12670,102687,102689],{"id":102686},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[61,102688,100364],{}," change the original set?",[14,102691,102692],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[816,102694,5145,102696,40,102698,2456],{"id":102695},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[61,102697,100364],{},[61,102699,101275],{},[14,102701,102702,102704,102705,102707],{},[61,102703,100364],{}," returns a new set. ",[61,102706,101275],{}," modifies the original set.",[816,102709,28282,102711,102713],{"id":102710},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[61,102712,100364],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102715,102716],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[816,102718,102720],{"id":102719},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102722,102723],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44874,102725],{},[49,102727,1865],{"id":1864},[21,102729,102730,102734,102742],{},[24,102731,102732],{},[543,102733,96279],{"href":97450},[24,102735,102736],{},[543,102737,96765,102739,1248],{"href":102738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[61,102740,102741],{},"intersection()",[24,102743,102744],{},[543,102745,96765,102747,1248],{"href":102746},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[61,102748,102749],{},"union()",[1898,102751,102752],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":102754},[102755,102756,102758,102759,102760,102761,102763,102768,102770,102778,102787],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":100486,"depth":78,"text":102757},"What difference() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":101105,"depth":78,"text":102762},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101270,"depth":78,"text":102764,"children":102765},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102766,102767],{"id":2773,"depth":85,"text":100364},{"id":101423,"depth":85,"text":101275},{"id":101542,"depth":78,"text":102769},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":102771},[102772,102773,102774,102775,102776,102777],{"id":101812,"depth":85,"text":101813},{"id":102000,"depth":85,"text":102001},{"id":102151,"depth":85,"text":102152},{"id":102314,"depth":85,"text":102315},{"id":102399,"depth":85,"text":102400},{"id":102524,"depth":85,"text":102525},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":102779},[102780,102782,102784,102786],{"id":102686,"depth":85,"text":102781},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102695,"depth":85,"text":102783},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102710,"depth":85,"text":102785},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102719,"depth":85,"text":102720},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100356,"description":102788},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102795,"title":102796,"body":102797,"description":104492,"extension":1927,"meta":104493,"navigation":81,"path":104494,"seo":104495,"stem":104496,"__hash__":104497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102798,"toc":104454},[102799,102805,102811,102824,102826,102927,102929,102974,102979,102984,102988,103002,103005,103013,103015,103034,103052,103056,103109,103111,103132,103139,103144,103171,103178,103277,103279,103316,103324,103328,103334,103337,103410,103412,103420,103425,103494,103496,103521,103523,103526,103629,103631,103692,103695,103699,103705,103778,103780,103813,103816,103819,103859,103865,103888,103893,103897,103908,103911,103913,103917,103923,103925,103982,103992,103994,104047,104054,104059,104127,104135,104141,104145,104147,104186,104191,104240,104244,104247,104249,104288,104291,104293,104298,104355,104357,104371,104373,104377,104383,104388,104393,104400,104411,104417,104422,104424,104451],[10,102800,96151,102802,11295],{"id":102801},"python-set-discard-method",[61,102803,102804],{},"discard()",[14,102806,102807,102810],{},[61,102808,102809],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102812,102813,102814,2153,102819,14015,102821,102823],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[543,102815,102816],{"href":98160},[61,102817,102818],{},"set.remove()",[61,102820,102804],{},[37,102822,300],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[49,102825,52],{"id":51},[54,102827,102829],{"className":56,"code":102828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[61,102830,102831,102863,102882,102892,102896,102917],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102832,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102834,13041],{"class":74},[64,102836,92],{"class":91},[64,102838,1415],{"class":95},[64,102840,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102842,13058],{"class":1422},[64,102844,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102846,103],{"class":95},[64,102848,3315],{"class":1418},[64,102850,13075],{"class":1422},[64,102852,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102854,103],{"class":95},[64,102856,3315],{"class":1418},[64,102858,17409],{"class":1422},[64,102860,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102862,9280],{"class":95},[64,102864,102865,102867,102869,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102866,17456],{"class":74},[64,102868,137],{"class":95},[64,102870,102871],{"class":140},"discard",[64,102873,144],{"class":95},[64,102875,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102877,13075],{"class":1422},[64,102879,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102881,150],{"class":95},[64,102883,102884,102886,102888,102890],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,102885,212],{"class":211},[64,102887,144],{"class":95},[64,102889,17456],{"class":140},[64,102891,150],{"class":95},[64,102893,102894],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,102895,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,102897,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,102899,17456],{"class":74},[64,102901,137],{"class":95},[64,102903,102871],{"class":140},[64,102905,144],{"class":95},[64,102907,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102909,22477],{"class":1422},[64,102911,1419],{"class":1418},[64,102913,219],{"class":95},[64,102915,102916],{"class":222},"  # no error if missing\n",[64,102918,102919,102921,102923,102925],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,102920,212],{"class":211},[64,102922,144],{"class":95},[64,102924,17456],{"class":140},[64,102926,150],{"class":95},[14,102928,29984],{},[54,102930,102932],{"className":56,"code":102931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[61,102933,102934,102954],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,102935,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102937,9249],{"class":95},[64,102939,3261],{"class":1418},[64,102941,13058],{"class":1422},[64,102943,3261],{"class":1418},[64,102945,103],{"class":95},[64,102947,3256],{"class":1418},[64,102949,17409],{"class":1422},[64,102951,3261],{"class":1418},[64,102953,9280],{"class":95},[64,102955,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,102957,9249],{"class":95},[64,102959,3261],{"class":1418},[64,102961,13058],{"class":1422},[64,102963,3261],{"class":1418},[64,102965,103],{"class":95},[64,102967,3256],{"class":1418},[64,102969,17409],{"class":1422},[64,102971,3261],{"class":1418},[64,102973,9280],{"class":95},[14,102975,256,102976,102978],{},[61,102977,102804],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[49,102980,3639,102982,3642],{"id":102981},"what-setdiscard-does",[61,102983,102809],{},[14,102985,102986,1117],{},[61,102987,102804],{},[21,102989,102990,102993,102996,102998],{},[24,102991,102992],{},"Removes one item from a set",[24,102994,102995],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[24,102997,96266],{},[24,102999,11397,103000],{},[61,103001,3741],{},[14,103003,103004],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103006,96275,103007,2839,103010,137],{},[543,103008,103009],{"href":98742},"what a set is in Python",[543,103011,103012],{"href":97834},"how to create a set",[49,103014,2120],{"id":2119},[54,103016,103018],{"className":56,"code":103017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[61,103019,103020],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103021,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103023,15619],{"class":74},[64,103025,137],{"class":95},[64,103027,102871],{"class":140},[64,103029,144],{"class":95},[64,103031,2436],{"class":140},[64,103033,150],{"class":95},[21,103035,103036,103041,103046,103049],{},[24,103037,103038,103040],{},[61,103039,15619],{}," is the set you want to change",[24,103042,103043,103045],{},[61,103044,2436],{}," is the item you want to remove",[24,103047,103048],{},"The set must already exist",[24,103050,103051],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[816,103053,103055],{"id":103054},"example","Example",[54,103057,103059],{"className":56,"code":103058,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,103060,103061,103085,103099],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103062,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103064,1161],{"class":74},[64,103066,92],{"class":91},[64,103068,1415],{"class":95},[64,103070,100],{"class":99},[64,103072,103],{"class":95},[64,103074,106],{"class":99},[64,103076,103],{"class":95},[64,103078,743],{"class":99},[64,103080,103],{"class":95},[64,103082,120],{"class":99},[64,103084,9280],{"class":95},[64,103086,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103088,3611],{"class":74},[64,103090,137],{"class":95},[64,103092,102871],{"class":140},[64,103094,144],{"class":95},[64,103096,115],{"class":99},[64,103098,150],{"class":95},[64,103100,103101,103103,103105,103107],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,103102,212],{"class":211},[64,103104,144],{"class":95},[64,103106,3611],{"class":140},[64,103108,150],{"class":95},[14,103110,2035],{},[54,103112,103114],{"className":56,"code":103113,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[61,103115,103116],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103117,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103119,9249],{"class":95},[64,103121,100],{"class":99},[64,103123,103],{"class":95},[64,103125,106],{"class":99},[64,103127,103],{"class":95},[64,103129,120],{"class":99},[64,103131,9280],{"class":95},[49,103133,103135,103136,103138],{"id":103134},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[61,103137,102804],{}," different",[14,103140,103141,103143],{},[61,103142,102804],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[21,103145,103146,103159,103168],{},[24,103147,103148,103149,2153,103153,103155,103156,103158],{},"Unlike ",[543,103150,103151],{"href":98160},[61,103152,55486],{},[61,103154,102804],{}," does not raise ",[61,103157,19641],{}," when the item is missing",[24,103160,103148,103161,2153,103165,103167],{},[543,103162,103163],{"href":98165},[61,103164,12729],{},[61,103166,102804],{}," removes a specific item",[24,103169,103170],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[816,103172,103174,10557,103176],{"id":103173},"discard-vs-remove",[61,103175,102804],{},[61,103177,55486],{},[54,103179,103181],{"className":56,"code":103180,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[61,103182,103183,103207,103211,103232,103242,103246,103267],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103184,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103186,7749],{"class":74},[64,103188,92],{"class":91},[64,103190,1415],{"class":95},[64,103192,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103194,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103196,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103198,103],{"class":95},[64,103200,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103202,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103204,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103206,9280],{"class":95},[64,103208,103209],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103210,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,103214,7779],{"class":74},[64,103216,137],{"class":95},[64,103218,102871],{"class":140},[64,103220,144],{"class":95},[64,103222,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103224,33177],{"class":1422},[64,103226,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103228,219],{"class":95},[64,103230,103231],{"class":222},"   # no error\n",[64,103233,103234,103236,103238,103240],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,103235,212],{"class":211},[64,103237,144],{"class":95},[64,103239,7779],{"class":140},[64,103241,150],{"class":95},[64,103243,103244],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,103245,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103247,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,103249,7779],{"class":74},[64,103251,137],{"class":95},[64,103253,34752],{"class":140},[64,103255,144],{"class":95},[64,103257,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103259,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103261,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103263,219],{"class":95},[64,103265,103266],{"class":222},"    # removes existing item\n",[64,103268,103269,103271,103273,103275],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,103270,212],{"class":211},[64,103272,144],{"class":95},[64,103274,7779],{"class":140},[64,103276,150],{"class":95},[14,103278,2035],{},[54,103280,103282],{"className":56,"code":103281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[61,103283,103284,103304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103285,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103287,9249],{"class":95},[64,103289,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103291,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103293,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103295,103],{"class":95},[64,103297,3256],{"class":1418},[64,103299,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103301,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103303,9280],{"class":95},[64,103305,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103307,9249],{"class":95},[64,103309,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103311,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103313,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103315,9280],{"class":95},[14,103317,40301,103318,103320,103321,103323],{},[61,103319,55486],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[543,103322,11047],{"href":11046}," for more help with that case.",[49,103325,103327],{"id":103326},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103329,103330,2361,103332,137],{},[61,103331,102804],{},[61,103333,3741],{},[14,103335,103336],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[54,103338,103340],{"className":56,"code":103339,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,103341,103342,103374,103396,103400],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103343,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103345,13041],{"class":74},[64,103347,92],{"class":91},[64,103349,1415],{"class":95},[64,103351,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103353,13058],{"class":1422},[64,103355,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103357,103],{"class":95},[64,103359,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103361,13075],{"class":1422},[64,103363,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103365,103],{"class":95},[64,103367,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103369,17409],{"class":1422},[64,103371,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103373,9280],{"class":95},[64,103375,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103377,2194],{"class":74},[64,103379,92],{"class":91},[64,103381,13089],{"class":74},[64,103383,137],{"class":95},[64,103385,102871],{"class":140},[64,103387,144],{"class":95},[64,103389,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103391,13075],{"class":1422},[64,103393,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103395,150],{"class":95},[64,103397,103398],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,103399,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103401,103402,103404,103406,103408],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,103403,212],{"class":211},[64,103405,144],{"class":95},[64,103407,2229],{"class":140},[64,103409,150],{"class":95},[14,103411,2035],{},[54,103413,103414],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,103415,103416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103417,103418],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103419,11782],{"class":3816},[14,103421,103422,103423,1117],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[61,103424,17456],{},[54,103426,103428],{"className":56,"code":103427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[61,103429,103430,103462,103480,103484],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103433,13041],{"class":74},[64,103435,92],{"class":91},[64,103437,1415],{"class":95},[64,103439,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103441,13058],{"class":1422},[64,103443,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103445,103],{"class":95},[64,103447,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103449,13075],{"class":1422},[64,103451,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103453,103],{"class":95},[64,103455,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103457,17409],{"class":1422},[64,103459,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103461,9280],{"class":95},[64,103463,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103465,17456],{"class":74},[64,103467,137],{"class":95},[64,103469,102871],{"class":140},[64,103471,144],{"class":95},[64,103473,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103475,13075],{"class":1422},[64,103477,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103479,150],{"class":95},[64,103481,103482],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,103483,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103485,103486,103488,103490,103492],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,103487,212],{"class":211},[64,103489,144],{"class":95},[64,103491,17456],{"class":140},[64,103493,150],{"class":95},[14,103495,2035],{},[54,103497,103499],{"className":56,"code":103498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[61,103500,103501],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103502,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103504,9249],{"class":95},[64,103506,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103508,13058],{"class":1422},[64,103510,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103512,103],{"class":95},[64,103514,3256],{"class":1418},[64,103516,17409],{"class":1422},[64,103518,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103520,9280],{"class":95},[49,103522,11449],{"id":11448},[14,103524,103525],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[54,103527,103529],{"className":56,"code":103528,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[61,103530,103531,103563,103567,103585,103589,103607,103611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103532,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103534,36196],{"class":74},[64,103536,92],{"class":91},[64,103538,1415],{"class":95},[64,103540,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103542,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103544,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103546,103],{"class":95},[64,103548,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103550,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103552,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103554,103],{"class":95},[64,103556,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103558,33177],{"class":1422},[64,103560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103562,9280],{"class":95},[64,103564,103565],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103566,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103568,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,103570,212],{"class":211},[64,103572,144],{"class":95},[64,103574,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103576,11538],{"class":1422},[64,103578,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103580,103],{"class":95},[64,103582,52811],{"class":140},[64,103584,150],{"class":95},[64,103586,103587],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,103588,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103590,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,103592,36248],{"class":74},[64,103594,137],{"class":95},[64,103596,102871],{"class":140},[64,103598,144],{"class":95},[64,103600,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103602,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103604,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103606,150],{"class":95},[64,103608,103609],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,103610,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103612,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,103614,212],{"class":211},[64,103616,144],{"class":95},[64,103618,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103620,11577],{"class":1422},[64,103622,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103624,103],{"class":95},[64,103626,52811],{"class":140},[64,103628,150],{"class":95},[14,103630,2035],{},[54,103632,103634],{"className":56,"code":103633,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[61,103635,103636,103668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103637,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103639,11597],{"class":74},[64,103641,1117],{"class":95},[64,103643,1415],{"class":95},[64,103645,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103647,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103649,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103651,103],{"class":95},[64,103653,3256],{"class":1418},[64,103655,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103657,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103659,103],{"class":95},[64,103661,3256],{"class":1418},[64,103663,33177],{"class":1422},[64,103665,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103667,9280],{"class":95},[64,103669,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103671,11650],{"class":74},[64,103673,1117],{"class":95},[64,103675,1415],{"class":95},[64,103677,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103679,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103681,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103683,103],{"class":95},[64,103685,3256],{"class":1418},[64,103687,33177],{"class":1422},[64,103689,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103691,9280],{"class":95},[14,103693,103694],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[49,103696,103698],{"id":103697},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103700,103701,103702,103704],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[61,103703,102804],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[54,103706,103708],{"className":56,"code":103707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[61,103709,103710,103742,103746,103764,103768],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103711,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103713,36196],{"class":74},[64,103715,92],{"class":91},[64,103717,1415],{"class":95},[64,103719,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103721,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103723,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103725,103],{"class":95},[64,103727,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103729,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103731,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103733,103],{"class":95},[64,103735,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103737,33177],{"class":1422},[64,103739,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103741,9280],{"class":95},[64,103743,103744],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103745,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103747,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,103749,36248],{"class":74},[64,103751,137],{"class":95},[64,103753,102871],{"class":140},[64,103755,144],{"class":95},[64,103757,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103759,22486],{"class":1422},[64,103761,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103763,150],{"class":95},[64,103765,103766],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,103767,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103769,103770,103772,103774,103776],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,103771,212],{"class":211},[64,103773,144],{"class":95},[64,103775,36248],{"class":140},[64,103777,150],{"class":95},[14,103779,2035],{},[54,103781,103783],{"className":56,"code":103782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[61,103784,103785],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103786,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103788,9249],{"class":95},[64,103790,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103792,4052],{"class":1422},[64,103794,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103796,103],{"class":95},[64,103798,3256],{"class":1418},[64,103800,4043],{"class":1422},[64,103802,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103804,103],{"class":95},[64,103806,3256],{"class":1418},[64,103808,33177],{"class":1422},[64,103810,3261],{"class":1418},[64,103812,9280],{"class":95},[14,103814,103815],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103817,103818],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[54,103820,103822],{"className":56,"code":103821,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[61,103823,103824,103840],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103825,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103827,6965],{"class":70},[64,103829,3315],{"class":1418},[64,103831,22486],{"class":1422},[64,103833,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103835,21127],{"class":91},[64,103837,52811],{"class":74},[64,103839,6363],{"class":95},[64,103841,103842,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103843,103844],{"class":74},"    fruits",[64,103846,137],{"class":95},[64,103848,34752],{"class":140},[64,103850,144],{"class":95},[64,103852,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103854,22486],{"class":1422},[64,103856,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103858,150],{"class":95},[14,103860,103861,103862,103864],{},"With ",[61,103863,102804],{},", you can simply write:",[54,103866,103868],{"className":56,"code":103867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[61,103869,103870],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103871,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103873,36248],{"class":74},[64,103875,137],{"class":95},[64,103877,102871],{"class":140},[64,103879,144],{"class":95},[64,103881,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103883,22486],{"class":1422},[64,103885,1419],{"class":1418},[64,103887,150],{"class":95},[49,103889,4925,103891],{"id":103890},"when-to-use-discard",[61,103892,102804],{},[14,103894,256,103895,10573],{},[61,103896,102804],{},[21,103898,103899,103902,103905],{},[24,103900,103901],{},"Missing values are normal",[24,103903,103904],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[24,103906,103907],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103909,103910],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[49,103912,1646],{"id":1645},[14,103914,8417,103915,137],{},[61,103916,102804],{},[816,103918,8423,103920,103922],{"id":103919},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[61,103921,102804],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103924,4490],{},[54,103926,103928],{"className":56,"code":103927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,103929,103930,103950,103968,103972],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,103931,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103933,1161],{"class":74},[64,103935,92],{"class":91},[64,103937,1415],{"class":95},[64,103939,100],{"class":99},[64,103941,103],{"class":95},[64,103943,106],{"class":99},[64,103945,103],{"class":95},[64,103947,743],{"class":99},[64,103949,9280],{"class":95},[64,103951,103952,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,103953,1161],{"class":74},[64,103955,92],{"class":91},[64,103957,1191],{"class":74},[64,103959,137],{"class":95},[64,103961,102871],{"class":140},[64,103963,144],{"class":95},[64,103965,2021],{"class":99},[64,103967,150],{"class":95},[64,103969,103970],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,103971,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,103973,103974,103976,103978,103980],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,103975,212],{"class":211},[64,103977,144],{"class":95},[64,103979,3611],{"class":140},[64,103981,150],{"class":95},[14,103983,103984,42114,103986,8572,103988,2361,103990,137],{},[61,103985,3611],{},[61,103987,3741],{},[61,103989,102804],{},[61,103991,3741],{},[14,103993,18794],{},[54,103995,103997],{"className":56,"code":103996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,103998,103999,104019,104033,104037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104000,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104002,1161],{"class":74},[64,104004,92],{"class":91},[64,104006,1415],{"class":95},[64,104008,100],{"class":99},[64,104010,103],{"class":95},[64,104012,106],{"class":99},[64,104014,103],{"class":95},[64,104016,743],{"class":99},[64,104018,9280],{"class":95},[64,104020,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104022,3611],{"class":74},[64,104024,137],{"class":95},[64,104026,102871],{"class":140},[64,104028,144],{"class":95},[64,104030,2021],{"class":99},[64,104032,150],{"class":95},[64,104034,104035],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104036,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,104038,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,104040,212],{"class":211},[64,104042,144],{"class":95},[64,104044,3611],{"class":140},[64,104046,150],{"class":95},[816,104048,37161,104050,8675,104052],{"id":104049},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[61,104051,102804],{},[61,104053,55486],{},[14,104055,104056,104057,137],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[61,104058,102804],{},[54,104060,104062],{"className":56,"code":104061,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[61,104063,104064,104096,104117],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104065,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104067,36048],{"class":74},[64,104069,92],{"class":91},[64,104071,1415],{"class":95},[64,104073,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104075,543],{"class":1422},[64,104077,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104079,103],{"class":95},[64,104081,3315],{"class":1418},[64,104083,1235],{"class":1422},[64,104085,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104087,103],{"class":95},[64,104089,3315],{"class":1418},[64,104091,9711],{"class":1422},[64,104093,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104095,9280],{"class":95},[64,104097,104098,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104099,36101],{"class":74},[64,104101,137],{"class":95},[64,104103,102871],{"class":140},[64,104105,144],{"class":95},[64,104107,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104109,22030],{"class":1422},[64,104111,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104113,219],{"class":95},[64,104115,104116],{"class":222},"   # safe\n",[64,104118,104119,104121,104123,104125],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104120,212],{"class":211},[64,104122,144],{"class":95},[64,104124,36101],{"class":140},[64,104126,150],{"class":95},[14,104128,104129,104130,45866,104133,137],{},"If you use ",[61,104131,104132],{},"remove(\"z\")",[61,104134,19641],{},[816,104136,25571,104138,104140],{"id":104137},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[61,104139,102804],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104142,104143,102157],{},[61,104144,102804],{},[14,104146,16596],{},[54,104148,104150],{"className":56,"code":104149,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[61,104151,104152,104172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104153,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104155,7749],{"class":74},[64,104157,92],{"class":91},[64,104159,112],{"class":95},[64,104161,100],{"class":99},[64,104163,103],{"class":95},[64,104165,106],{"class":99},[64,104167,103],{"class":95},[64,104169,743],{"class":99},[64,104171,746],{"class":95},[64,104173,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104175,7779],{"class":74},[64,104177,137],{"class":95},[64,104179,102871],{"class":140},[64,104181,144],{"class":95},[64,104183,2021],{"class":99},[64,104185,150],{"class":95},[14,104187,104188,104189,1117],{},"Use a set if you need ",[61,104190,102804],{},[54,104192,104194],{"className":56,"code":104193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[61,104195,104196,104216,104230],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104197,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104199,7749],{"class":74},[64,104201,92],{"class":91},[64,104203,1415],{"class":95},[64,104205,100],{"class":99},[64,104207,103],{"class":95},[64,104209,106],{"class":99},[64,104211,103],{"class":95},[64,104213,743],{"class":99},[64,104215,9280],{"class":95},[64,104217,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104219,7779],{"class":74},[64,104221,137],{"class":95},[64,104223,102871],{"class":140},[64,104225,144],{"class":95},[64,104227,2021],{"class":99},[64,104229,150],{"class":95},[64,104231,104232,104234,104236,104238],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104233,212],{"class":211},[64,104235,144],{"class":95},[64,104237,7779],{"class":140},[64,104239,150],{"class":95},[816,104241,104243],{"id":104242},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104245,104246],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104248,2797],{},[54,104250,104252],{"className":56,"code":104251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[61,104253,104254,104274],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104255,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104257,9137],{"class":74},[64,104259,92],{"class":91},[64,104261,1415],{"class":95},[64,104263,100],{"class":99},[64,104265,103],{"class":95},[64,104267,106],{"class":99},[64,104269,103],{"class":95},[64,104271,743],{"class":99},[64,104273,9280],{"class":95},[64,104275,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104277,9176],{"class":74},[64,104279,137],{"class":95},[64,104281,102871],{"class":140},[64,104283,382],{"class":95},[64,104285,2021],{"class":99},[64,104287,393],{"class":95},[14,104289,104290],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[49,104292,8843],{"id":8842},[14,104294,8846,104295,104297],{},[61,104296,102804],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[54,104299,104301],{"className":56,"code":104300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[61,104302,104303,104313,104327,104341],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104304,104305,104307,104309,104311],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104306,212],{"class":211},[64,104308,144],{"class":95},[64,104310,15619],{"class":140},[64,104312,150],{"class":95},[64,104314,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104316,212],{"class":211},[64,104318,144],{"class":95},[64,104320,1779],{"class":1778},[64,104322,144],{"class":95},[64,104324,15619],{"class":140},[64,104326,1737],{"class":95},[64,104328,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104330,212],{"class":211},[64,104332,144],{"class":95},[64,104334,2411],{"class":140},[64,104336,3847],{"class":70},[64,104338,96875],{"class":140},[64,104340,150],{"class":95},[64,104342,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,104344,32108],{"class":211},[64,104346,144],{"class":95},[64,104348,6256],{"class":1778},[64,104350,137],{"class":95},[64,104352,102871],{"class":24704},[64,104354,150],{"class":95},[14,104356,11143],{},[21,104358,104359,104362,104365,104368],{},[24,104360,104361],{},"What is currently in the set",[24,104363,104364],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[24,104366,104367],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[24,104369,104370],{},"How Python documents the method",[49,104372,1826],{"id":1825},[816,104374,104376],{"id":104375},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104378,104379,104380,104382],{},"Nothing happens. ",[61,104381,102804],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[816,104384,5107,104386,12682],{"id":104385},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[61,104387,102809],{},[14,104389,5113,104390,104392],{},[61,104391,3741],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[816,104394,5145,104396,40,104398,2456],{"id":104395},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[61,104397,102804],{},[61,104399,55486],{},[14,104401,104402,104403,26493,104405,104407,104408,104410],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[61,104404,55486],{},[61,104406,19641],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[61,104409,102804],{}," does not.",[816,104412,28282,104414,104416],{"id":104413},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[61,104415,102804],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104418,46323,104419,104421],{},[61,104420,102804],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[49,104423,1865],{"id":1864},[21,104425,104426,104432,104438,104443,104447],{},[24,104427,104428],{},[543,104429,96765,104430,1248],{"href":98160},[61,104431,55486],{},[24,104433,104434],{},[543,104435,96765,104436,1248],{"href":98165},[61,104437,12729],{},[24,104439,104440],{},[543,104441,104442],{"href":97834},"Python set: creating a set",[24,104444,104445],{},[543,104446,100299],{"href":98742},[24,104448,104449],{},[543,104450,11235],{"href":11046},[1898,104452,104453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":104455},[104456,104457,104459,104462,104467,104468,104469,104470,104472,104481,104482,104491],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":102981,"depth":78,"text":104458},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":104460},[104461],{"id":103054,"depth":85,"text":103055},{"id":103134,"depth":78,"text":104463,"children":104464},"What makes discard() different",[104465],{"id":103173,"depth":85,"text":104466},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103326,"depth":78,"text":103327},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":103697,"depth":78,"text":103698},{"id":103890,"depth":78,"text":104471},"When to use discard()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":104473},[104474,104476,104478,104480],{"id":103919,"depth":85,"text":104475},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104049,"depth":85,"text":104477},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104137,"depth":85,"text":104479},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104242,"depth":85,"text":104243},{"id":8842,"depth":78,"text":8843},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":104483},[104484,104485,104487,104489],{"id":104375,"depth":85,"text":104376},{"id":104385,"depth":85,"text":104486},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104395,"depth":85,"text":104488},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104413,"depth":85,"text":104490},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102796,"description":104492},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104499,"title":104500,"body":104501,"description":106507,"extension":1927,"meta":106508,"navigation":81,"path":106509,"seo":106510,"stem":106511,"__hash__":106512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104502,"toc":106465},[104503,104506,104514,104519,104530,104532,104587,104591,104611,104616,104620,104625,104627,104641,104643,104718,104720,104753,104758,104763,104765,104767,104782,104785,104793,104798,104813,104815,104904,104906,104995,105001,105005,105007,105045,105047,105071,105074,105089,105091,105146,105148,105181,105183,105188,105192,105196,105201,105266,105268,105288,105294,105298,105355,105357,105378,105382,105387,105432,105434,105467,105470,105474,105507,105509,105538,105542,105546,105549,105551,105570,105572,105618,105623,105637,105639,105670,105675,105678,105722,105724,105752,105756,105760,105776,105779,105844,105846,105858,105861,105865,105868,105873,105901,105903,105921,105927,105966,105968,105986,105992,106021,106023,106041,106044,106061,106063,106068,106072,106075,106101,106108,106113,106128,106137,106141,106144,106175,106181,106184,106193,106196,106198,106200,106258,106261,106286,106288,106292,106295,106299,106307,106311,106314,106318,106321,106323,106346,106348,106389,106396,106404,106407,106438,106440,106462],[10,104504,104500],{"id":104505},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104507,9094,104508,104510,104511,137],{},[61,104509,3760],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[37,104512,104513],{},"unique values only",[14,104515,35362,104516,104518],{},[61,104517,3760],{}," to:",[21,104520,104521,104524,104527],{},[24,104522,104523],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[24,104525,104526],{},"check whether a value exists",[24,104528,104529],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[49,104531,52],{"id":51},[54,104533,104535],{"className":56,"code":104534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[61,104536,104537,104561,104576],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104538,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104540,1161],{"class":74},[64,104542,92],{"class":91},[64,104544,112],{"class":95},[64,104546,100],{"class":99},[64,104548,103],{"class":95},[64,104550,106],{"class":99},[64,104552,103],{"class":95},[64,104554,106],{"class":99},[64,104556,103],{"class":95},[64,104558,743],{"class":99},[64,104560,746],{"class":95},[64,104562,104563,104566,104568,104570,104572,104574],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104564,104565],{"class":74},"unique_numbers ",[64,104567,92],{"class":91},[64,104569,15586],{"class":1778},[64,104571,144],{"class":95},[64,104573,3611],{"class":140},[64,104575,150],{"class":95},[64,104577,104578,104580,104582,104585],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104579,212],{"class":211},[64,104581,144],{"class":95},[64,104583,104584],{"class":140},"unique_numbers",[64,104586,150],{"class":95},[14,104588,104589],{},[37,104590,2035],{},[54,104592,104593],{"className":56,"code":96558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,104594,104595],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104596,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104598,9249],{"class":95},[64,104600,100],{"class":99},[64,104602,103],{"class":95},[64,104604,106],{"class":99},[64,104606,103],{"class":95},[64,104608,743],{"class":99},[64,104610,9280],{"class":95},[14,104612,256,104613,104615],{},[61,104614,3760],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[49,104617,104619],{"id":104618},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104621,104622,104624],{},[61,104623,3760],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104626,30495],{},[21,104628,104629,104632,104635,104638],{},[24,104630,104631],{},"A set stores unique items only",[24,104633,104634],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[24,104636,104637],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[24,104639,104640],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104642,318],{},[54,104644,104646],{"className":56,"code":104645,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[61,104647,104648,104688,104703,104707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104649,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104651,13041],{"class":74},[64,104653,92],{"class":91},[64,104655,112],{"class":95},[64,104657,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104659,13058],{"class":1422},[64,104661,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104663,103],{"class":95},[64,104665,3315],{"class":1418},[64,104667,13075],{"class":1422},[64,104669,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104671,103],{"class":95},[64,104673,3315],{"class":1418},[64,104675,13058],{"class":1422},[64,104677,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104679,103],{"class":95},[64,104681,3315],{"class":1418},[64,104683,17409],{"class":1422},[64,104685,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104687,746],{"class":95},[64,104689,104690,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104691,104692],{"class":74},"unique_colors ",[64,104694,92],{"class":91},[64,104696,15586],{"class":1778},[64,104698,144],{"class":95},[64,104700,17456],{"class":140},[64,104702,150],{"class":95},[64,104704,104705],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104706,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,104708,104709,104711,104713,104716],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,104710,212],{"class":211},[64,104712,144],{"class":95},[64,104714,104715],{"class":140},"unique_colors",[64,104717,150],{"class":95},[14,104719,29984],{},[54,104721,104723],{"className":56,"code":104722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[61,104724,104725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104726,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749,104751],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104728,9249],{"class":95},[64,104730,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104732,13075],{"class":1422},[64,104734,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104736,103],{"class":95},[64,104738,3256],{"class":1418},[64,104740,17409],{"class":1422},[64,104742,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104744,103],{"class":95},[64,104746,3256],{"class":1418},[64,104748,13058],{"class":1422},[64,104750,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104752,9280],{"class":95},[14,104754,2251,104755,104757],{},[61,104756,65342],{}," appears only once.",[14,104759,104760,104761,137],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[543,104762,96279],{"href":96278},[49,104764,2120],{"id":2119},[14,104766,2123],{},[54,104768,104770],{"className":56,"code":104769,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set(iterable)\n",[61,104771,104772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104773,104774,104776,104778,104780],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104775,6256],{"class":1778},[64,104777,144],{"class":95},[64,104779,3683],{"class":140},[64,104781,150],{"class":95},[14,104783,104784],{},"The argument is optional.",[21,104786,104787,104790],{},[24,104788,104789],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[24,104791,104792],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104794,104795,104796,1117],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[61,104797,3760],{},[21,104799,104800,104802,104804,104806,104810],{},[24,104801,8064],{},[24,104803,48911],{},[24,104805,61123],{},[24,104807,104808],{},[61,104809,36155],{},[24,104811,104812],{},"another set",[14,104814,1151],{},[54,104816,104818],{"className":56,"code":104817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[61,104819,104820,104846,104868,104886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104821,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104823,212],{"class":211},[64,104825,144],{"class":95},[64,104827,6256],{"class":1778},[64,104829,382],{"class":95},[64,104831,100],{"class":99},[64,104833,103],{"class":95},[64,104835,106],{"class":99},[64,104837,103],{"class":95},[64,104839,106],{"class":99},[64,104841,103],{"class":95},[64,104843,743],{"class":99},[64,104845,1769],{"class":95},[64,104847,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104849,212],{"class":211},[64,104851,144],{"class":95},[64,104853,6256],{"class":1778},[64,104855,5478],{"class":95},[64,104857,1432],{"class":99},[64,104859,103],{"class":95},[64,104861,1437],{"class":99},[64,104863,103],{"class":95},[64,104865,5973],{"class":99},[64,104867,2873],{"class":95},[64,104869,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104871,212],{"class":211},[64,104873,144],{"class":95},[64,104875,6256],{"class":1778},[64,104877,144],{"class":95},[64,104879,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104881,3809],{"class":1422},[64,104883,1419],{"class":1418},[64,104885,1737],{"class":95},[64,104887,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,104889,212],{"class":211},[64,104891,144],{"class":95},[64,104893,6256],{"class":1778},[64,104895,144],{"class":95},[64,104897,59947],{"class":211},[64,104899,144],{"class":95},[64,104901,772],{"class":99},[64,104903,2873],{"class":95},[14,104905,29984],{},[54,104907,104909],{"className":56,"code":104908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[61,104910,104911,104927,104939,104975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,104912,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104914,9249],{"class":95},[64,104916,100],{"class":99},[64,104918,103],{"class":95},[64,104920,106],{"class":99},[64,104922,103],{"class":95},[64,104924,743],{"class":99},[64,104926,9280],{"class":95},[64,104928,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,104930,9249],{"class":95},[64,104932,1432],{"class":99},[64,104934,103],{"class":95},[64,104936,1437],{"class":99},[64,104938,9280],{"class":95},[64,104940,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,104942,9249],{"class":95},[64,104944,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104946,60387],{"class":1422},[64,104948,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104950,103],{"class":95},[64,104952,3256],{"class":1418},[64,104954,60396],{"class":1422},[64,104956,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104958,103],{"class":95},[64,104960,3256],{"class":1418},[64,104962,60405],{"class":1422},[64,104964,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104966,103],{"class":95},[64,104968,3256],{"class":1418},[64,104970,60422],{"class":1422},[64,104972,3261],{"class":1418},[64,104974,9280],{"class":95},[64,104976,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,104978,9249],{"class":95},[64,104980,187],{"class":99},[64,104982,103],{"class":95},[64,104984,5465],{"class":99},[64,104986,103],{"class":95},[64,104988,106],{"class":99},[64,104990,103],{"class":95},[64,104992,743],{"class":99},[64,104994,9280],{"class":95},[14,104996,104997,104998,137],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[543,104999,105000],{"href":64797},"Python list() function explained",[49,105002,105004],{"id":105003},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105006,98231],{},[54,105008,105009],{"className":56,"code":99196,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,105010,105011,105021,105031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105012,105013,105015,105017,105019],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105014,98241],{"class":74},[64,105016,92],{"class":91},[64,105018,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105020,366],{"class":95},[64,105022,105023,105025,105027,105029],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105024,212],{"class":211},[64,105026,144],{"class":95},[64,105028,98260],{"class":140},[64,105030,150],{"class":95},[64,105032,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,105034,212],{"class":211},[64,105036,144],{"class":95},[64,105038,1779],{"class":1778},[64,105040,144],{"class":95},[64,105042,98260],{"class":140},[64,105044,1737],{"class":95},[14,105046,2035],{},[54,105048,105049],{"className":56,"code":99239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,105050,105051,105057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105052,105053,105055],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105054,6256],{"class":1778},[64,105056,366],{"class":95},[64,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105060,3250],{"class":91},[64,105062,3253],{"class":2029},[64,105064,3256],{"class":1418},[64,105066,6256],{"class":1422},[64,105068,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105070,3264],{"class":91},[14,105072,105073],{},"This is important because:",[21,105075,105076,105081],{},[24,105077,105078,105080],{},[61,105079,3760],{}," creates an empty set",[24,105082,105083,105085,105086,105088],{},[61,105084,3755],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[37,105087,300],{}," a set",[14,105090,318],{},[54,105092,105094],{"className":56,"code":105093,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[61,105095,105096,105106,105114,105118,105132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105097,105098,105100,105102,105104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105099,1186],{"class":74},[64,105101,92],{"class":91},[64,105103,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105105,366],{"class":95},[64,105107,105108,105110,105112],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105109,1202],{"class":74},[64,105111,92],{"class":91},[64,105113,9810],{"class":95},[64,105115,105116],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,105117,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,105119,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,105121,212],{"class":211},[64,105123,144],{"class":95},[64,105125,1779],{"class":1778},[64,105127,144],{"class":95},[64,105129,543],{"class":140},[64,105131,1737],{"class":95},[64,105133,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,105135,212],{"class":211},[64,105137,144],{"class":95},[64,105139,1779],{"class":1778},[64,105141,144],{"class":95},[64,105143,1235],{"class":140},[64,105145,1737],{"class":95},[14,105147,2035],{},[54,105149,105151],{"className":56,"code":105150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[61,105152,105153,105167],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105154,105155,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105156,3250],{"class":91},[64,105158,3253],{"class":2029},[64,105160,3256],{"class":1418},[64,105162,6256],{"class":1422},[64,105164,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105166,3264],{"class":91},[64,105168,105169,105171,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105170,3250],{"class":91},[64,105172,3253],{"class":2029},[64,105174,3256],{"class":1418},[64,105176,8792],{"class":1422},[64,105178,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105180,3264],{"class":91},[14,105182,14010],{},[14,105184,105185,105186,137],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[543,105187,104442],{"href":96282},[49,105189,105191],{"id":105190},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[816,105193,105195],{"id":105194},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105197,105198,105199,137],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[61,105200,3760],{},[54,105202,105204],{"className":56,"code":105203,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,105205,105206,105238,105252,105256],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105207,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105209,1161],{"class":74},[64,105211,92],{"class":91},[64,105213,112],{"class":95},[64,105215,100],{"class":99},[64,105217,103],{"class":95},[64,105219,106],{"class":99},[64,105221,103],{"class":95},[64,105223,106],{"class":99},[64,105225,103],{"class":95},[64,105227,743],{"class":99},[64,105229,103],{"class":95},[64,105231,743],{"class":99},[64,105233,103],{"class":95},[64,105235,743],{"class":99},[64,105237,746],{"class":95},[64,105239,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105241,2194],{"class":74},[64,105243,92],{"class":91},[64,105245,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105247,144],{"class":95},[64,105249,3611],{"class":140},[64,105251,150],{"class":95},[64,105253,105254],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,105255,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,105257,105258,105260,105262,105264],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,105259,212],{"class":211},[64,105261,144],{"class":95},[64,105263,2229],{"class":140},[64,105265,150],{"class":95},[14,105267,2035],{},[54,105269,105270],{"className":56,"code":96558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,105271,105272],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105273,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105275,9249],{"class":95},[64,105277,100],{"class":99},[64,105279,103],{"class":95},[64,105281,106],{"class":99},[64,105283,103],{"class":95},[64,105285,743],{"class":99},[64,105287,9280],{"class":95},[14,105289,105290,105291,137],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[543,105292,99029],{"href":105293},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[816,105295,105297],{"id":105296},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[54,105299,105301],{"className":56,"code":105300,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,105302,105303,105327,105341,105345],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105306,3786],{"class":74},[64,105308,92],{"class":91},[64,105310,9207],{"class":95},[64,105312,385],{"class":99},[64,105314,103],{"class":95},[64,105316,4570],{"class":99},[64,105318,103],{"class":95},[64,105320,5973],{"class":99},[64,105322,103],{"class":95},[64,105324,37893],{"class":99},[64,105326,150],{"class":95},[64,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105330,2194],{"class":74},[64,105332,92],{"class":91},[64,105334,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105336,144],{"class":95},[64,105338,5325],{"class":140},[64,105340,150],{"class":95},[64,105342,105343],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,105344,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,105346,105347,105349,105351,105353],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,105348,212],{"class":211},[64,105350,144],{"class":95},[64,105352,2229],{"class":140},[64,105354,150],{"class":95},[14,105356,2035],{},[54,105358,105360],{"className":56,"code":105359,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[61,105361,105362],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105363,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105365,9249],{"class":95},[64,105367,385],{"class":99},[64,105369,103],{"class":95},[64,105371,5973],{"class":99},[64,105373,103],{"class":95},[64,105375,37893],{"class":99},[64,105377,9280],{"class":95},[816,105379,105381],{"id":105380},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105383,51086,105384,105386],{},[61,105385,3760],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[54,105388,105390],{"className":56,"code":105389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,105391,105392,105404,105418,105422],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105393,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105395,34645],{"class":74},[64,105397,92],{"class":91},[64,105399,3315],{"class":1418},[64,105401,4052],{"class":1422},[64,105403,3321],{"class":1418},[64,105405,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105407,2194],{"class":74},[64,105409,92],{"class":91},[64,105411,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105413,144],{"class":95},[64,105415,34666],{"class":140},[64,105417,150],{"class":95},[64,105419,105420],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,105421,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,105423,105424,105426,105428,105430],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,105425,212],{"class":211},[64,105427,144],{"class":95},[64,105429,2229],{"class":140},[64,105431,150],{"class":95},[14,105433,29984],{},[54,105435,105437],{"className":56,"code":105436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[61,105438,105439],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105440,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105442,9249],{"class":95},[64,105444,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105446,1235],{"class":1422},[64,105448,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105450,103],{"class":95},[64,105452,3256],{"class":1418},[64,105454,543],{"class":1422},[64,105456,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105458,103],{"class":95},[64,105460,3256],{"class":1418},[64,105462,75979],{"class":1422},[64,105464,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105466,9280],{"class":95},[14,105468,105469],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[816,105471,105473],{"id":105472},"from-range","From range()",[54,105475,105477],{"className":56,"code":105476,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[61,105478,105479,105497],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105480,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105482,2194],{"class":74},[64,105484,92],{"class":91},[64,105486,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105488,144],{"class":95},[64,105490,59947],{"class":211},[64,105492,144],{"class":95},[64,105494,385],{"class":99},[64,105496,1737],{"class":95},[64,105498,105499,105501,105503,105505],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105500,212],{"class":211},[64,105502,144],{"class":95},[64,105504,2229],{"class":140},[64,105506,150],{"class":95},[14,105508,2035],{},[54,105510,105512],{"className":56,"code":105511,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[61,105513,105514],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105515,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528,105530,105532,105534,105536],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105517,9249],{"class":95},[64,105519,187],{"class":99},[64,105521,103],{"class":95},[64,105523,5465],{"class":99},[64,105525,103],{"class":95},[64,105527,106],{"class":99},[64,105529,103],{"class":95},[64,105531,743],{"class":99},[64,105533,103],{"class":95},[64,105535,120],{"class":99},[64,105537,9280],{"class":95},[49,105539,105541],{"id":105540},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105543,99476,105544,137],{},[37,105545,96322],{},[14,105547,105548],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105550,99482],{},[21,105552,105553,105557,105561,105565],{},[24,105554,105555],{},[61,105556,2152],{},[24,105558,105559],{},[61,105560,3406],{},[24,105562,105563],{},[61,105564,2156],{},[24,105566,105567,105569],{},[61,105568,48911],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105571,318],{},[54,105573,105575],{"className":56,"code":105574,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[61,105576,105577,105608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105578,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105580,7749],{"class":74},[64,105582,92],{"class":91},[64,105584,1415],{"class":95},[64,105586,100],{"class":99},[64,105588,103],{"class":95},[64,105590,3315],{"class":1418},[64,105592,3809],{"class":1422},[64,105594,1419],{"class":1418},[64,105596,103],{"class":95},[64,105598,9207],{"class":95},[64,105600,1432],{"class":99},[64,105602,103],{"class":95},[64,105604,1437],{"class":99},[64,105606,105607],{"class":95},")}\n",[64,105609,105610,105612,105614,105616],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105611,212],{"class":211},[64,105613,144],{"class":95},[64,105615,7779],{"class":140},[64,105617,150],{"class":95},[14,105619,99544,105620,105622],{},[37,105621,300],{}," work inside a set:",[21,105624,105625,105629,105633],{},[24,105626,105627],{},[61,105628,8064],{},[24,105630,105631],{},[61,105632,8792],{},[24,105634,105635],{},[61,105636,6256],{},[14,105638,97047],{},[54,105640,105642],{"className":56,"code":105641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[61,105643,105644],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105645,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105647,99563],{"class":74},[64,105649,92],{"class":91},[64,105651,99568],{"class":95},[64,105653,100],{"class":99},[64,105655,103],{"class":95},[64,105657,106],{"class":99},[64,105659,109],{"class":95},[64,105661,112],{"class":95},[64,105663,115],{"class":99},[64,105665,103],{"class":95},[64,105667,120],{"class":99},[64,105669,1440],{"class":95},[14,105671,76807,105672,105674],{},[61,105673,2964],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105676,105677],{},"A safer example:",[54,105679,105681],{"className":56,"code":105680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[61,105682,105683,105711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105684,105685,105688,105690,105693,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707,105709],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105686,105687],{"class":74},"good_set ",[64,105689,92],{"class":91},[64,105691,105692],{"class":95}," {(",[64,105694,100],{"class":99},[64,105696,103],{"class":95},[64,105698,106],{"class":99},[64,105700,1727],{"class":95},[64,105702,9207],{"class":95},[64,105704,115],{"class":99},[64,105706,103],{"class":95},[64,105708,120],{"class":99},[64,105710,105607],{"class":95},[64,105712,105713,105715,105717,105720],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105714,212],{"class":211},[64,105716,144],{"class":95},[64,105718,105719],{"class":140},"good_set",[64,105721,150],{"class":95},[14,105723,2035],{},[54,105725,105727],{"className":56,"code":105726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[61,105728,105729],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105730,105731,105734,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105732,105733],{"class":95},"{(",[64,105735,100],{"class":99},[64,105737,103],{"class":95},[64,105739,106],{"class":99},[64,105741,1727],{"class":95},[64,105743,9207],{"class":95},[64,105745,115],{"class":99},[64,105747,103],{"class":95},[64,105749,120],{"class":99},[64,105751,105607],{"class":95},[49,105753,105755],{"id":105754},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105757,256,105758,10573],{},[61,105759,3760],{},[21,105761,105762,105765,105770,105773],{},[24,105763,105764],{},"you need unique values only",[24,105766,105767,105768],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[61,105769,3847],{},[24,105771,105772],{},"order does not matter",[24,105774,105775],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105777,105778],{},"Example of membership checking:",[54,105780,105782],{"className":56,"code":105781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[61,105783,105784,105809,105813,105829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105785,105786,105789,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105802,105804,105807],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105787,105788],{"class":74},"allowed_ids ",[64,105790,92],{"class":91},[64,105792,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105794,382],{"class":95},[64,105796,46550],{"class":99},[64,105798,103],{"class":95},[64,105800,105801],{"class":99}," 102",[64,105803,103],{"class":95},[64,105805,105806],{"class":99}," 103",[64,105808,393],{"class":95},[64,105810,105811],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105812,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,105814,105815,105817,105819,105822,105824,105827],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,105816,212],{"class":211},[64,105818,144],{"class":95},[64,105820,105821],{"class":99},"102",[64,105823,21127],{"class":70},[64,105825,105826],{"class":140}," allowed_ids",[64,105828,150],{"class":95},[64,105830,105831,105833,105835,105838,105840,105842],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,105832,212],{"class":211},[64,105834,144],{"class":95},[64,105836,105837],{"class":99},"999",[64,105839,21127],{"class":70},[64,105841,105826],{"class":140},[64,105843,150],{"class":95},[14,105845,2035],{},[54,105847,105848],{"className":56,"code":44131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,105849,105850,105854],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105851,105852],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105853,3943],{"class":3816},[64,105855,105856],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105857,4004],{"class":3816},[14,105859,105860],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[49,105862,105864],{"id":105863},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105866,105867],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[816,105869,256,105871,98173],{"id":105870},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[61,105872,3760],{},[54,105874,105875],{"className":56,"code":98234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,105876,105877,105887],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105878,105879,105881,105883,105885],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105880,98241],{"class":74},[64,105882,92],{"class":91},[64,105884,15586],{"class":1778},[64,105886,366],{"class":95},[64,105888,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105890,212],{"class":211},[64,105892,144],{"class":95},[64,105894,1779],{"class":1778},[64,105896,144],{"class":95},[64,105898,98260],{"class":140},[64,105900,1737],{"class":95},[14,105902,2035],{},[54,105904,105905],{"className":56,"code":8823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,105906,105907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105908,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105910,3250],{"class":91},[64,105912,3253],{"class":2029},[64,105914,3256],{"class":1418},[64,105916,6256],{"class":1422},[64,105918,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105920,3264],{"class":91},[816,105922,256,105924,105926],{"id":105923},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[61,105925,100232],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[54,105928,105930],{"className":56,"code":105929,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[61,105931,105932,105952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105933,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105935,1161],{"class":74},[64,105937,92],{"class":91},[64,105939,1415],{"class":95},[64,105941,100],{"class":99},[64,105943,103],{"class":95},[64,105945,106],{"class":99},[64,105947,103],{"class":95},[64,105949,743],{"class":99},[64,105951,9280],{"class":95},[64,105953,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,105955,212],{"class":211},[64,105957,144],{"class":95},[64,105959,1779],{"class":1778},[64,105961,144],{"class":95},[64,105963,3611],{"class":140},[64,105965,1737],{"class":95},[14,105967,2035],{},[54,105969,105970],{"className":56,"code":8823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,105971,105972],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105973,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105975,3250],{"class":91},[64,105977,3253],{"class":2029},[64,105979,3256],{"class":1418},[64,105981,6256],{"class":1422},[64,105983,3261],{"class":1418},[64,105985,3264],{"class":91},[816,105987,256,105989,105991],{"id":105988},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[61,105990,3755],{}," for an empty dictionary",[54,105993,105995],{"className":56,"code":105994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[61,105996,105997,106006],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,105998,105999,106002,106004],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106000,106001],{"class":74},"empty_dict ",[64,106003,92],{"class":91},[64,106005,9810],{"class":95},[64,106007,106008,106010,106012,106014,106016,106019],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,106009,212],{"class":211},[64,106011,144],{"class":95},[64,106013,1779],{"class":1778},[64,106015,144],{"class":95},[64,106017,106018],{"class":140},"empty_dict",[64,106020,1737],{"class":95},[14,106022,2035],{},[54,106024,106025],{"className":56,"code":8779,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,106026,106027],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106028,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106030,3250],{"class":91},[64,106032,3253],{"class":2029},[64,106034,3256],{"class":1418},[64,106036,8792],{"class":1422},[64,106038,3261],{"class":1418},[64,106040,3264],{"class":91},[14,106042,106043],{},"So the rule is simple:",[21,106045,106046,106051,106056],{},[24,106047,106048,106050],{},[61,106049,3760],{}," → empty set",[24,106052,106053,106055],{},[61,106054,100232],{}," → non-empty set",[24,106057,106058,106060],{},[61,106059,3755],{}," → empty dictionary",[49,106062,1646],{"id":1645},[14,106064,106065,106066,137],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[61,106067,3760],{},[816,106069,1654,106070,99831],{"id":99828},[61,106071,3755],{},[14,106073,106074],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[54,106076,106077],{"className":56,"code":99837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,106078,106079,106087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106080,106081,106083,106085],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106082,2411],{"class":74},[64,106084,92],{"class":91},[64,106086,9810],{"class":95},[64,106088,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,106090,212],{"class":211},[64,106092,144],{"class":95},[64,106094,1779],{"class":1778},[64,106096,144],{"class":95},[64,106098,2436],{"class":140},[64,106100,1737],{"class":95},[816,106102,106104,106105],{"id":106103},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[61,106106,106107],{},"set(5)",[14,106109,106110,106112],{},[61,106111,3760],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[54,106114,106116],{"className":56,"code":106115,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set(5)\n",[61,106117,106118],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106119,106120,106122,106124,106126],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106121,6256],{"class":1778},[64,106123,144],{"class":95},[64,106125,385],{"class":99},[64,106127,150],{"class":95},[14,106129,2961,106130,106132,106133,137],{},[61,106131,2964],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[543,106134,106136],{"href":106135},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[816,106138,106140],{"id":106139},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106142,106143],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[54,106145,106147],{"className":56,"code":106146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[61,106148,106149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106150,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165,106167,106169,106171,106173],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106152,2411],{"class":74},[64,106154,92],{"class":91},[64,106156,99568],{"class":95},[64,106158,100],{"class":99},[64,106160,103],{"class":95},[64,106162,106],{"class":99},[64,106164,109],{"class":95},[64,106166,112],{"class":95},[64,106168,115],{"class":99},[64,106170,103],{"class":95},[64,106172,120],{"class":99},[64,106174,1440],{"class":95},[816,106176,8423,106178,106180],{"id":106177},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[61,106179,3760],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106182,106183],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[816,106185,37161,106187,8675,106189,2839,106191],{"id":106186},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[61,106188,3760],{},[61,106190,24735],{},[61,106192,9091],{},[14,106194,106195],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[49,106197,60659],{"id":60658},[14,106199,11085],{},[54,106201,106203],{"className":56,"code":106202,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[61,106204,106205,106220,106230,106244],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106206,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215,106218],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106208,212],{"class":211},[64,106210,144],{"class":95},[64,106212,1779],{"class":1778},[64,106214,144],{"class":95},[64,106216,106217],{"class":140},"my_value",[64,106219,1737],{"class":95},[64,106221,106222,106224,106226,106228],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,106223,212],{"class":211},[64,106225,144],{"class":95},[64,106227,106217],{"class":140},[64,106229,150],{"class":95},[64,106231,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,106233,212],{"class":211},[64,106235,144],{"class":95},[64,106237,8064],{"class":1778},[64,106239,144],{"class":95},[64,106241,15619],{"class":140},[64,106243,1737],{"class":95},[64,106245,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,106247,212],{"class":211},[64,106249,144],{"class":95},[64,106251,11134],{"class":211},[64,106253,144],{"class":95},[64,106255,15619],{"class":140},[64,106257,1737],{"class":95},[14,106259,106260],{},"What they help you see:",[21,106262,106263,106269,106274,106280],{},[24,106264,106265,106268],{},[61,106266,106267],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[24,106270,106271,90498],{},[61,106272,106273],{},"print(my_value)",[24,106275,106276,106279],{},[61,106277,106278],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[24,106281,106282,106285],{},[61,106283,106284],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[49,106287,1826],{"id":1825},[816,106289,106291],{"id":106290},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106293,106294],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[816,106296,106298],{"id":106297},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106300,256,106301,106303,106304,106306],{},[61,106302,3760],{},". Do not use ",[61,106305,3755],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[816,106308,106310],{"id":106309},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106312,106313],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[816,106315,106317],{"id":106316},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106319,106320],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106322,318],{},[54,106324,106326],{"className":56,"code":106325,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[61,106327,106328],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106329,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106331,212],{"class":211},[64,106333,144],{"class":95},[64,106335,6256],{"class":1778},[64,106337,144],{"class":95},[64,106339,1419],{"class":1418},[64,106341,4043],{"class":1422},[64,106343,1419],{"class":1418},[64,106345,1737],{"class":95},[14,106347,29984],{},[54,106349,106351],{"className":56,"code":106350,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[61,106352,106353],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106354,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106356,9249],{"class":95},[64,106358,3261],{"class":1418},[64,106360,543],{"class":1422},[64,106362,3261],{"class":1418},[64,106364,103],{"class":95},[64,106366,3256],{"class":1418},[64,106368,14],{"class":1422},[64,106370,3261],{"class":1418},[64,106372,103],{"class":95},[64,106374,3256],{"class":1418},[64,106376,60405],{"class":1422},[64,106378,3261],{"class":1418},[64,106380,103],{"class":95},[64,106382,3256],{"class":1418},[64,106384,60396],{"class":1422},[64,106386,3261],{"class":1418},[64,106388,9280],{"class":95},[816,106390,5123,106392,106395],{"id":106391},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[61,106393,106394],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106397,106398,28639,106400,106403],{},[61,106399,3760],{},[37,106401,106402],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106405,106406],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[54,106408,106410],{"className":56,"code":106409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[61,106411,106412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106413,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106415,212],{"class":211},[64,106417,144],{"class":95},[64,106419,6256],{"class":1778},[64,106421,382],{"class":95},[64,106423,100],{"class":99},[64,106425,103],{"class":95},[64,106427,106],{"class":99},[64,106429,103],{"class":95},[64,106431,743],{"class":99},[64,106433,103],{"class":95},[64,106435,120],{"class":99},[64,106437,1769],{"class":95},[49,106439,1865],{"id":1864},[21,106441,106442,106446,106450,106454,106458],{},[24,106443,106444],{},[543,106445,96279],{"href":96278},[24,106447,106448],{},[543,106449,104442],{"href":96282},[24,106451,106452],{},[543,106453,100294],{"href":105293},[24,106455,106456],{},[543,106457,105000],{"href":64797},[24,106459,106460],{},[543,106461,106136],{"href":106135},[1898,106463,106464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":106466},[106467,106468,106469,106470,106471,106477,106478,106479,106487,106497,106498,106506],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":104618,"depth":78,"text":104619},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":105003,"depth":78,"text":105004},{"id":105190,"depth":78,"text":105191,"children":106472},[106473,106474,106475,106476],{"id":105194,"depth":85,"text":105195},{"id":105296,"depth":85,"text":105297},{"id":105380,"depth":85,"text":105381},{"id":105472,"depth":85,"text":105473},{"id":105540,"depth":78,"text":105541},{"id":105754,"depth":78,"text":105755},{"id":105863,"depth":78,"text":105864,"children":106480},[106481,106483,106485],{"id":105870,"depth":85,"text":106482},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105923,"depth":85,"text":106484},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105988,"depth":85,"text":106486},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":106488},[106489,106490,106492,106493,106495],{"id":99828,"depth":85,"text":100335},{"id":106103,"depth":85,"text":106491},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106139,"depth":85,"text":106140},{"id":106177,"depth":85,"text":106494},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106186,"depth":85,"text":106496},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60658,"depth":78,"text":60659},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":106499},[106500,106501,106502,106503,106504],{"id":106290,"depth":85,"text":106291},{"id":106297,"depth":85,"text":106298},{"id":106309,"depth":85,"text":106310},{"id":106316,"depth":85,"text":106317},{"id":106391,"depth":85,"text":106505},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104500,"description":106507},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106514,"title":106515,"body":106516,"description":108031,"extension":1927,"meta":108032,"navigation":81,"path":108033,"seo":108034,"stem":108035,"__hash__":108036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106517,"toc":108007},[106518,106524,106529,106532,106615,106620,106625,106630,106632,106645,106649,106651,106670,106673,106696,106699,106710,106712,106793,106795,106812,106814,106820,106823,106918,106920,106951,106953,106961,106963,106966,107077,107079,107104,107106,107128,107133,107138,107144,107253,107255,107271,107274,107277,107360,107362,107379,107387,107389,107393,107399,107490,107492,107525,107530,107537,107614,107616,107633,107639,107641,107645,107661,107664,107690,107692,107753,107755,107878,107880,107931,107937,107939,107944,107946,107952,107955,107959,107962,107966,107969,107979,107981,108004],[10,106519,1877,106521,11295],{"id":106520},"python-setintersection-method",[61,106522,106523],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106525,1944,106526,106528],{},[61,106527,106523],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106530,106531],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[54,106533,106535],{"className":56,"code":106534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[61,106536,106537,106557,106577,106581,106600,106610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106538,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106540,1186],{"class":74},[64,106542,92],{"class":91},[64,106544,1415],{"class":95},[64,106546,100],{"class":99},[64,106548,103],{"class":95},[64,106550,106],{"class":99},[64,106552,103],{"class":95},[64,106554,743],{"class":99},[64,106556,9280],{"class":95},[64,106558,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,106560,1202],{"class":74},[64,106562,92],{"class":91},[64,106564,1415],{"class":95},[64,106566,2021],{"class":99},[64,106568,103],{"class":95},[64,106570,743],{"class":99},[64,106572,103],{"class":95},[64,106574,120],{"class":99},[64,106576,9280],{"class":95},[64,106578,106579],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,106580,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,106582,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591,106594,106596,106598],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,106584,2194],{"class":74},[64,106586,92],{"class":91},[64,106588,56839],{"class":74},[64,106590,137],{"class":95},[64,106592,106593],{"class":140},"intersection",[64,106595,144],{"class":95},[64,106597,1235],{"class":140},[64,106599,150],{"class":95},[64,106601,106602,106604,106606,106608],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,106603,212],{"class":211},[64,106605,144],{"class":95},[64,106607,2229],{"class":140},[64,106609,150],{"class":95},[64,106611,106612],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,106613,106614],{"class":222},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106616,256,106617,106619],{},[61,106618,102741],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[49,106621,12961,106623,12964],{"id":106622},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[61,106624,102741],{},[14,106626,106627,106629],{},[61,106628,102741],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106631,13017],{},[21,106633,106634,106637,106639,106642],{},[24,106635,106636],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[24,106638,100511],{},[24,106640,106641],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[24,106643,106644],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106646,96275,106647,137],{},[543,106648,96279],{"href":96278},[49,106650,2120],{"id":2119},[54,106652,106654],{"className":56,"code":106653,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[61,106655,106656],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106657,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106659,100535],{"class":74},[64,106661,137],{"class":95},[64,106663,106593],{"class":140},[64,106665,144],{"class":95},[64,106667,100544],{"class":140},[64,106669,150],{"class":95},[14,106671,106672],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[54,106674,106676],{"className":56,"code":106675,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[61,106677,106678],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106679,106680,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690,106692,106694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106681,100535],{"class":74},[64,106683,137],{"class":95},[64,106685,106593],{"class":140},[64,106687,144],{"class":95},[64,106689,100544],{"class":140},[64,106691,103],{"class":95},[64,106693,100571],{"class":140},[64,106695,150],{"class":95},[14,106697,106698],{},"Important notes:",[21,106700,106701,106704,106707],{},[24,106702,106703],{},"The result is always a new set",[24,106705,106706],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[24,106708,106709],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106711,318],{},[54,106713,106715],{"className":56,"code":106714,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[61,106716,106717,106741,106761,106765,106783],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106718,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106720,1186],{"class":74},[64,106722,92],{"class":91},[64,106724,1415],{"class":95},[64,106726,100],{"class":99},[64,106728,103],{"class":95},[64,106730,106],{"class":99},[64,106732,103],{"class":95},[64,106734,743],{"class":99},[64,106736,103],{"class":95},[64,106738,120],{"class":99},[64,106740,9280],{"class":95},[64,106742,106743,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,106744,1202],{"class":74},[64,106746,92],{"class":91},[64,106748,1415],{"class":95},[64,106750,115],{"class":99},[64,106752,103],{"class":95},[64,106754,120],{"class":99},[64,106756,103],{"class":95},[64,106758,4570],{"class":99},[64,106760,9280],{"class":95},[64,106762,106763],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,106764,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,106766,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,106768,2194],{"class":74},[64,106770,92],{"class":91},[64,106772,56839],{"class":74},[64,106774,137],{"class":95},[64,106776,106593],{"class":140},[64,106778,144],{"class":95},[64,106780,1235],{"class":140},[64,106782,150],{"class":95},[64,106784,106785,106787,106789,106791],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,106786,212],{"class":211},[64,106788,144],{"class":95},[64,106790,2229],{"class":140},[64,106792,150],{"class":95},[14,106794,2035],{},[54,106796,106798],{"className":56,"code":106797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{3, 4}\n",[61,106799,106800],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106801,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106803,9249],{"class":95},[64,106805,115],{"class":99},[64,106807,103],{"class":95},[64,106809,120],{"class":99},[64,106811,9280],{"class":95},[49,106813,17372],{"id":17371},[14,106815,106816,21928,106818,137],{},[61,106817,102741],{},[37,106819,6256],{},[14,106821,106822],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[54,106824,106826],{"className":56,"code":106825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,106827,106828,106848,106868,106872,106890,106894,106904],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106829,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106831,1186],{"class":74},[64,106833,92],{"class":91},[64,106835,1415],{"class":95},[64,106837,100],{"class":99},[64,106839,103],{"class":95},[64,106841,106],{"class":99},[64,106843,103],{"class":95},[64,106845,743],{"class":99},[64,106847,9280],{"class":95},[64,106849,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,106851,1202],{"class":74},[64,106853,92],{"class":91},[64,106855,1415],{"class":95},[64,106857,2021],{"class":99},[64,106859,103],{"class":95},[64,106861,743],{"class":99},[64,106863,103],{"class":95},[64,106865,120],{"class":99},[64,106867,9280],{"class":95},[64,106869,106870],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,106871,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,106873,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,106875,2194],{"class":74},[64,106877,92],{"class":91},[64,106879,56839],{"class":74},[64,106881,137],{"class":95},[64,106883,106593],{"class":140},[64,106885,144],{"class":95},[64,106887,1235],{"class":140},[64,106889,150],{"class":95},[64,106891,106892],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,106893,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,106895,106896,106898,106900,106902],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,106897,212],{"class":211},[64,106899,144],{"class":95},[64,106901,2229],{"class":140},[64,106903,150],{"class":95},[64,106905,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,106907,212],{"class":211},[64,106909,144],{"class":95},[64,106911,1779],{"class":1778},[64,106913,144],{"class":95},[64,106915,2229],{"class":140},[64,106917,1737],{"class":95},[14,106919,2035],{},[54,106921,106923],{"className":56,"code":106922,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[61,106924,106925,106937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106926,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106928,9249],{"class":95},[64,106930,2021],{"class":99},[64,106932,103],{"class":95},[64,106934,743],{"class":99},[64,106936,9280],{"class":95},[64,106938,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,106940,3250],{"class":91},[64,106942,3253],{"class":2029},[64,106944,3256],{"class":1418},[64,106946,6256],{"class":1422},[64,106948,3261],{"class":1418},[64,106950,3264],{"class":91},[14,106952,85761],{},[21,106954,106955,106958],{},[24,106956,106957],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[24,106959,106960],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[49,106962,11449],{"id":11448},[14,106964,106965],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[54,106967,106969],{"className":56,"code":106968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[61,106970,106971,107004,107037,107041,107062,107066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,106972,106973,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106974,106975],{"class":74},"colors1 ",[64,106977,92],{"class":91},[64,106979,1415],{"class":95},[64,106981,1419],{"class":1418},[64,106983,13058],{"class":1422},[64,106985,1419],{"class":1418},[64,106987,103],{"class":95},[64,106989,3315],{"class":1418},[64,106991,13075],{"class":1422},[64,106993,1419],{"class":1418},[64,106995,103],{"class":95},[64,106997,3315],{"class":1418},[64,106999,17409],{"class":1422},[64,107001,1419],{"class":1418},[64,107003,9280],{"class":95},[64,107005,107006,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107007,107008],{"class":74},"colors2 ",[64,107010,92],{"class":91},[64,107012,1415],{"class":95},[64,107014,1419],{"class":1418},[64,107016,17409],{"class":1422},[64,107018,1419],{"class":1418},[64,107020,103],{"class":95},[64,107022,3315],{"class":1418},[64,107024,22477],{"class":1422},[64,107026,1419],{"class":1418},[64,107028,103],{"class":95},[64,107030,3315],{"class":1418},[64,107032,13075],{"class":1422},[64,107034,1419],{"class":1418},[64,107036,9280],{"class":95},[64,107038,107039],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107040,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107042,107043,107046,107048,107051,107053,107055,107057,107060],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107044,107045],{"class":74},"common_colors ",[64,107047,92],{"class":91},[64,107049,107050],{"class":74}," colors1",[64,107052,137],{"class":95},[64,107054,106593],{"class":140},[64,107056,144],{"class":95},[64,107058,107059],{"class":140},"colors2",[64,107061,150],{"class":95},[64,107063,107064],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,107065,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107067,107068,107070,107072,107075],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,107069,212],{"class":211},[64,107071,144],{"class":95},[64,107073,107074],{"class":140},"common_colors",[64,107076,150],{"class":95},[14,107078,2035],{},[54,107080,107082],{"className":56,"code":107081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[61,107083,107084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107085,107086,107088,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107087,9249],{"class":95},[64,107089,3261],{"class":1418},[64,107091,13075],{"class":1422},[64,107093,3261],{"class":1418},[64,107095,103],{"class":95},[64,107097,3256],{"class":1418},[64,107099,17409],{"class":1422},[64,107101,3261],{"class":1418},[64,107103,9280],{"class":95},[14,107105,11657],{},[21,107107,107108,107114,107118,107123],{},[24,107109,107110,107113],{},[61,107111,107112],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[24,107115,107116,107113],{},[61,107117,107059],{},[24,107119,107120,107122],{},[61,107121,102741],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[24,107124,107125,107126],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[61,107127,107074],{},[49,107129,1654,107131,101108],{"id":107130},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[61,107132,102741],{},[14,107134,107135,107136,137],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[61,107137,102741],{},[14,107139,107140,107141,107143],{},"Only the values found in ",[37,107142,3678],{}," inputs will be kept.",[54,107145,107147],{"className":56,"code":107146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[61,107148,107149,107173,107197,107217,107221,107243],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107150,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107152,1186],{"class":74},[64,107154,92],{"class":91},[64,107156,1415],{"class":95},[64,107158,100],{"class":99},[64,107160,103],{"class":95},[64,107162,106],{"class":99},[64,107164,103],{"class":95},[64,107166,743],{"class":99},[64,107168,103],{"class":95},[64,107170,120],{"class":99},[64,107172,9280],{"class":95},[64,107174,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107176,1202],{"class":74},[64,107178,92],{"class":91},[64,107180,1415],{"class":95},[64,107182,2021],{"class":99},[64,107184,103],{"class":95},[64,107186,743],{"class":99},[64,107188,103],{"class":95},[64,107190,120],{"class":99},[64,107192,103],{"class":95},[64,107194,4570],{"class":99},[64,107196,9280],{"class":95},[64,107198,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107200,83135],{"class":74},[64,107202,92],{"class":91},[64,107204,1415],{"class":95},[64,107206,115],{"class":99},[64,107208,103],{"class":95},[64,107210,120],{"class":99},[64,107212,103],{"class":95},[64,107214,390],{"class":99},[64,107216,9280],{"class":95},[64,107218,107219],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107220,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107222,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,107224,2194],{"class":74},[64,107226,92],{"class":91},[64,107228,56839],{"class":74},[64,107230,137],{"class":95},[64,107232,106593],{"class":140},[64,107234,144],{"class":95},[64,107236,1235],{"class":140},[64,107238,103],{"class":95},[64,107240,9653],{"class":140},[64,107242,150],{"class":95},[64,107244,107245,107247,107249,107251],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,107246,212],{"class":211},[64,107248,144],{"class":95},[64,107250,2229],{"class":140},[64,107252,150],{"class":95},[14,107254,2035],{},[54,107256,107257],{"className":56,"code":106797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,107258,107259],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107260,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107262,9249],{"class":95},[64,107264,115],{"class":99},[64,107266,103],{"class":95},[64,107268,120],{"class":99},[64,107270,9280],{"class":95},[14,107272,107273],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107275,107276],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[54,107278,107280],{"className":56,"code":107279,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[61,107281,107282,107306,107310,107350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107283,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107285,1186],{"class":74},[64,107287,92],{"class":91},[64,107289,1415],{"class":95},[64,107291,100],{"class":99},[64,107293,103],{"class":95},[64,107295,106],{"class":99},[64,107297,103],{"class":95},[64,107299,743],{"class":99},[64,107301,103],{"class":95},[64,107303,120],{"class":99},[64,107305,9280],{"class":95},[64,107307,107308],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107309,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107311,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107313,2194],{"class":74},[64,107315,92],{"class":91},[64,107317,56839],{"class":74},[64,107319,137],{"class":95},[64,107321,106593],{"class":140},[64,107323,382],{"class":95},[64,107325,2021],{"class":99},[64,107327,103],{"class":95},[64,107329,120],{"class":99},[64,107331,103],{"class":95},[64,107333,390],{"class":99},[64,107335,109],{"class":95},[64,107337,9207],{"class":95},[64,107339,100],{"class":99},[64,107341,103],{"class":95},[64,107343,106],{"class":99},[64,107345,103],{"class":95},[64,107347,120],{"class":99},[64,107349,1737],{"class":95},[64,107351,107352,107354,107356,107358],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107353,212],{"class":211},[64,107355,144],{"class":95},[64,107357,2229],{"class":140},[64,107359,150],{"class":95},[14,107361,2035],{},[54,107363,107365],{"className":56,"code":107364,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 4}\n",[61,107366,107367],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107368,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107370,9249],{"class":95},[64,107372,2021],{"class":99},[64,107374,103],{"class":95},[64,107376,120],{"class":99},[64,107378,9280],{"class":95},[49,107380,107382,10557,107384],{"id":107381},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[61,107383,102741],{},[61,107385,107386],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107388,101278],{},[816,107390,107391],{"id":106593},[61,107392,102741],{},[21,107394,107395,107397],{},[24,107396,101287],{},[24,107398,101290],{},[54,107400,107402],{"className":56,"code":107401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[61,107403,107404,107424,107444,107448,107466,107470,107480],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107405,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107407,1186],{"class":74},[64,107409,92],{"class":91},[64,107411,1415],{"class":95},[64,107413,100],{"class":99},[64,107415,103],{"class":95},[64,107417,106],{"class":99},[64,107419,103],{"class":95},[64,107421,743],{"class":99},[64,107423,9280],{"class":95},[64,107425,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107427,1202],{"class":74},[64,107429,92],{"class":91},[64,107431,1415],{"class":95},[64,107433,2021],{"class":99},[64,107435,103],{"class":95},[64,107437,743],{"class":99},[64,107439,103],{"class":95},[64,107441,120],{"class":99},[64,107443,9280],{"class":95},[64,107445,107446],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107447,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107449,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107451,2194],{"class":74},[64,107453,92],{"class":91},[64,107455,56839],{"class":74},[64,107457,137],{"class":95},[64,107459,106593],{"class":140},[64,107461,144],{"class":95},[64,107463,1235],{"class":140},[64,107465,150],{"class":95},[64,107467,107468],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,107469,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107471,107472,107474,107476,107478],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,107473,212],{"class":211},[64,107475,144],{"class":95},[64,107477,543],{"class":140},[64,107479,150],{"class":95},[64,107481,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,107483,212],{"class":211},[64,107485,144],{"class":95},[64,107487,2229],{"class":140},[64,107489,150],{"class":95},[14,107491,2035],{},[54,107493,107495],{"className":56,"code":107494,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[61,107496,107497,107513],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107498,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107500,9249],{"class":95},[64,107502,100],{"class":99},[64,107504,103],{"class":95},[64,107506,106],{"class":99},[64,107508,103],{"class":95},[64,107510,743],{"class":99},[64,107512,9280],{"class":95},[64,107514,107515,107517,107519,107521,107523],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107516,9249],{"class":95},[64,107518,2021],{"class":99},[64,107520,103],{"class":95},[64,107522,743],{"class":99},[64,107524,9280],{"class":95},[816,107526,107528],{"id":107527},"intersection_update",[61,107529,107386],{},[21,107531,107532,107534],{},[24,107533,101430],{},[24,107535,107536],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[54,107538,107540],{"className":56,"code":107539,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[61,107541,107542,107562,107582,107586,107600,107604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107543,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107545,1186],{"class":74},[64,107547,92],{"class":91},[64,107549,1415],{"class":95},[64,107551,100],{"class":99},[64,107553,103],{"class":95},[64,107555,106],{"class":99},[64,107557,103],{"class":95},[64,107559,743],{"class":99},[64,107561,9280],{"class":95},[64,107563,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572,107574,107576,107578,107580],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107565,1202],{"class":74},[64,107567,92],{"class":91},[64,107569,1415],{"class":95},[64,107571,2021],{"class":99},[64,107573,103],{"class":95},[64,107575,743],{"class":99},[64,107577,103],{"class":95},[64,107579,120],{"class":99},[64,107581,9280],{"class":95},[64,107583,107584],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107585,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107587,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107589,543],{"class":74},[64,107591,137],{"class":95},[64,107593,107527],{"class":140},[64,107595,144],{"class":95},[64,107597,1235],{"class":140},[64,107599,150],{"class":95},[64,107601,107602],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,107603,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107605,107606,107608,107610,107612],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,107607,212],{"class":211},[64,107609,144],{"class":95},[64,107611,543],{"class":140},[64,107613,150],{"class":95},[14,107615,2035],{},[54,107617,107619],{"className":56,"code":107618,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{2, 3}\n",[61,107620,107621],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107622,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107624,9249],{"class":95},[64,107626,2021],{"class":99},[64,107628,103],{"class":95},[64,107630,743],{"class":99},[64,107632,9280],{"class":95},[14,107634,107635,107636,107638],{},"Choose ",[61,107637,102741],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[49,107640,4483],{"id":4482},[14,107642,14689,107643,1117],{},[61,107644,102741],{},[21,107646,107647,107650,107653,107656],{},[24,107648,107649],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[24,107651,107652],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[24,107654,107655],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[24,107657,107658,107659],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[61,107660,102741],{},[14,107662,107663],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[21,107665,107666,107671,107674,107687],{},[24,107667,1654,107668,107670],{},[61,107669,102741],{}," when order matters",[24,107672,107673],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[24,107675,37161,107676,8675,107678,2839,107683],{},[61,107677,102741],{},[543,107679,107681],{"href":107680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[61,107682,102749],{},[543,107684,107685],{"href":102790},[61,107686,100364],{},[24,107688,107689],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107691,30090],{},[54,107693,107695],{"className":56,"code":107694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[61,107696,107697,107707,107721,107739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107698,107699,107701,107703,107705],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107700,212],{"class":211},[64,107702,144],{"class":95},[64,107704,15619],{"class":140},[64,107706,150],{"class":95},[64,107708,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107710,212],{"class":211},[64,107712,144],{"class":95},[64,107714,1779],{"class":1778},[64,107716,144],{"class":95},[64,107718,2229],{"class":140},[64,107720,1737],{"class":95},[64,107722,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107724,212],{"class":211},[64,107726,144],{"class":95},[64,107728,100535],{"class":140},[64,107730,137],{"class":95},[64,107732,106593],{"class":140},[64,107734,144],{"class":95},[64,107736,100544],{"class":140},[64,107738,1737],{"class":95},[64,107740,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107742,212],{"class":211},[64,107744,144],{"class":95},[64,107746,11134],{"class":211},[64,107748,144],{"class":95},[64,107750,2229],{"class":140},[64,107752,1737],{"class":95},[14,107754,318],{},[54,107756,107758],{"className":56,"code":107757,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[61,107759,107760,107784,107804,107808,107826,107830,107840,107850,107864],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107761,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107763,1161],{"class":74},[64,107765,92],{"class":91},[64,107767,1415],{"class":95},[64,107769,100],{"class":99},[64,107771,103],{"class":95},[64,107773,106],{"class":99},[64,107775,103],{"class":95},[64,107777,106],{"class":99},[64,107779,103],{"class":95},[64,107781,743],{"class":99},[64,107783,9280],{"class":95},[64,107785,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107787,43508],{"class":74},[64,107789,92],{"class":91},[64,107791,1415],{"class":95},[64,107793,2021],{"class":99},[64,107795,103],{"class":95},[64,107797,743],{"class":99},[64,107799,103],{"class":95},[64,107801,120],{"class":99},[64,107803,9280],{"class":95},[64,107805,107806],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107807,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107811,2194],{"class":74},[64,107813,92],{"class":91},[64,107815,1191],{"class":74},[64,107817,137],{"class":95},[64,107819,106593],{"class":140},[64,107821,144],{"class":95},[64,107823,30698],{"class":140},[64,107825,150],{"class":95},[64,107827,107828],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,107829,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,107831,107832,107834,107836,107838],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,107833,212],{"class":211},[64,107835,144],{"class":95},[64,107837,3611],{"class":140},[64,107839,150],{"class":95},[64,107841,107842,107844,107846,107848],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,107843,212],{"class":211},[64,107845,144],{"class":95},[64,107847,2229],{"class":140},[64,107849,150],{"class":95},[64,107851,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,107853,212],{"class":211},[64,107855,144],{"class":95},[64,107857,1779],{"class":1778},[64,107859,144],{"class":95},[64,107861,2229],{"class":140},[64,107863,1737],{"class":95},[64,107865,107866,107868,107870,107872,107874,107876],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,107867,212],{"class":211},[64,107869,144],{"class":95},[64,107871,11134],{"class":211},[64,107873,144],{"class":95},[64,107875,2229],{"class":140},[64,107877,1737],{"class":95},[14,107879,2035],{},[54,107881,107883],{"className":56,"code":107882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[61,107884,107885,107901,107913,107927],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107886,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107888,9249],{"class":95},[64,107890,100],{"class":99},[64,107892,103],{"class":95},[64,107894,106],{"class":99},[64,107896,103],{"class":95},[64,107898,743],{"class":99},[64,107900,9280],{"class":95},[64,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,107904,9249],{"class":95},[64,107906,2021],{"class":99},[64,107908,103],{"class":95},[64,107910,743],{"class":99},[64,107912,9280],{"class":95},[64,107914,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,107916,3250],{"class":91},[64,107918,3253],{"class":2029},[64,107920,3256],{"class":1418},[64,107922,6256],{"class":1422},[64,107924,3261],{"class":1418},[64,107926,3264],{"class":91},[64,107928,107929],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,107930,17009],{"class":99},[14,107932,107933,107934,107936],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[61,107935,2021],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[49,107938,1826],{"id":1825},[816,107940,12670,107942,102689],{"id":107941},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[61,107943,102741],{},[14,107945,102692],{},[816,107947,5135,107949,107951],{"id":107948},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[61,107950,102741],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107953,107954],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[816,107956,107958],{"id":107957},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107960,107961],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[816,107963,107965],{"id":107964},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107967,107968],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[54,107970,107971],{"className":56,"code":97409,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,107972,107973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,107974,107975,107977],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107976,6256],{"class":1778},[64,107978,366],{"class":95},[49,107980,1865],{"id":1864},[21,107982,107983,107987,107994,108000],{},[24,107984,107985],{},[543,107986,96279],{"href":96278},[24,107988,107989],{},[543,107990,1877,107991,1248],{"href":107680},[61,107992,107993],{},"set.union()",[24,107995,107996],{},[543,107997,1877,107998,1248],{"href":102790},[61,107999,100369],{},[24,108001,108002],{},[543,108003,100294],{"href":105293},[1898,108005,108006],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":108008},[108009,108011,108012,108013,108014,108016,108021,108022,108030],{"id":106622,"depth":78,"text":108010},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":107130,"depth":78,"text":108015},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107381,"depth":78,"text":108017,"children":108018},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108019,108020],{"id":106593,"depth":85,"text":102741},{"id":107527,"depth":85,"text":107386},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":108023},[108024,108026,108028,108029],{"id":107941,"depth":85,"text":108025},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107948,"depth":85,"text":108027},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107957,"depth":85,"text":107958},{"id":107964,"depth":85,"text":107965},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106515,"description":108031},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108038,"title":108039,"body":108040,"description":109276,"extension":1927,"meta":109277,"navigation":81,"path":109278,"seo":109279,"stem":109280,"__hash__":109281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108041,"toc":109243},[108042,108047,108053,108062,108064,108139,108144,108159,108169,108174,108178,108191,108195,108197,108212,108214,108230,108232,108307,108311,108314,108316,108333,108338,108393,108398,108410,108414,108417,108518,108520,108561,108564,108568,108575,108577,108602,108605,108623,108630,108636,108639,108721,108728,108731,108811,108820,108823,108828,108832,108846,108895,108900,108904,108915,108964,108975,108980,108984,108996,109045,109056,109058,109062,109085,109087,109144,109146,109160,109162,109168,109174,109180,109189,109193,109200,109204,109212,109214,109240],[10,108043,96151,108045,11295],{"id":108044},"python-set-pop-method",[61,108046,12729],{},[14,108048,108049,108052],{},[61,108050,108051],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108054,108055,108056,108058,108059,108061],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[37,108057,300],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[61,108060,12729],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[49,108063,52],{"id":51},[54,108065,108067],{"className":56,"code":108066,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[61,108068,108069,108101,108115,108119,108129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108070,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108072,7749],{"class":74},[64,108074,92],{"class":91},[64,108076,1415],{"class":95},[64,108078,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108080,4043],{"class":1422},[64,108082,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108084,103],{"class":95},[64,108086,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108088,4052],{"class":1422},[64,108090,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108092,103],{"class":95},[64,108094,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108096,4061],{"class":1422},[64,108098,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108100,9280],{"class":95},[64,108102,108103,108105,108107,108109,108111,108113],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108104,69884],{"class":74},[64,108106,92],{"class":91},[64,108108,5934],{"class":74},[64,108110,137],{"class":95},[64,108112,26196],{"class":140},[64,108114,366],{"class":95},[64,108116,108117],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,108118,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,108120,108121,108123,108125,108127],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,108122,212],{"class":211},[64,108124,144],{"class":95},[64,108126,69907],{"class":140},[64,108128,150],{"class":95},[64,108130,108131,108133,108135,108137],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,108132,212],{"class":211},[64,108134,144],{"class":95},[64,108136,7779],{"class":140},[64,108138,150],{"class":95},[14,108140,108141],{},[37,108142,108143],{},"What this does:",[21,108145,108146,108151,108156],{},[24,108147,108148,108149],{},"Removes one item from ",[61,108150,7779],{},[24,108152,108153,108154],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[61,108155,69907],{},[24,108157,108158],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108160,108161,88912,108163,108165,108166,108168],{},[37,108162,83770],{},[61,108164,108051],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[37,108167,300],{}," chosen by index.",[49,108170,3639,108172,3642],{"id":108171},"what-setpop-does",[61,108173,108051],{},[14,108175,108176,1117],{},[61,108177,108051],{},[21,108179,108180,108182,108185,108188],{},[24,108181,102992],{},[24,108183,108184],{},"Returns the removed item",[24,108186,108187],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[24,108189,108190],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108192,96275,108193,137],{},[543,108194,96279],{"href":97450},[49,108196,2120],{"id":2119},[54,108198,108200],{"className":56,"code":108199,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.pop()\n",[61,108201,108202],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108203,108204,108206,108208,108210],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108205,15619],{"class":74},[64,108207,137],{"class":95},[64,108209,26196],{"class":140},[64,108211,366],{"class":95},[14,108213,13017],{},[21,108215,108216,108222,108227],{},[24,108217,108218,108219],{},"The syntax is ",[61,108220,108221],{},"my_set.pop()",[24,108223,108224,108225],{},"It takes ",[37,108226,28642],{},[24,108228,108229],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108231,318],{},[54,108233,108235],{"className":56,"code":108234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[61,108236,108237,108269,108283,108287,108297],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108238,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263,108265,108267],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108240,13041],{"class":74},[64,108242,92],{"class":91},[64,108244,1415],{"class":95},[64,108246,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108248,13058],{"class":1422},[64,108250,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108252,103],{"class":95},[64,108254,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108256,13075],{"class":1422},[64,108258,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108260,103],{"class":95},[64,108262,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108264,17409],{"class":1422},[64,108266,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108268,9280],{"class":95},[64,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277,108279,108281],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108272,28492],{"class":74},[64,108274,92],{"class":91},[64,108276,13089],{"class":74},[64,108278,137],{"class":95},[64,108280,26196],{"class":140},[64,108282,366],{"class":95},[64,108284,108285],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,108286,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,108288,108289,108291,108293,108295],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,108290,212],{"class":211},[64,108292,144],{"class":95},[64,108294,23264],{"class":140},[64,108296,150],{"class":95},[64,108298,108299,108301,108303,108305],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,108300,212],{"class":211},[64,108302,144],{"class":95},[64,108304,17456],{"class":140},[64,108306,150],{"class":95},[49,108308,108310],{"id":108309},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108312,108313],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108315,304],{},[21,108317,108318,108324,108327],{},[24,108319,108320,108321,108323],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[61,108322,12729],{}," removes",[24,108325,108326],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[24,108328,108329,108330,108332],{},"You should not use ",[61,108331,12729],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108334,10433,108335,108337],{},[37,108336,300],{}," valid:",[54,108339,108341],{"className":56,"code":108340,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[61,108342,108343,108375],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108344,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108346,36196],{"class":74},[64,108348,92],{"class":91},[64,108350,1415],{"class":95},[64,108352,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108354,4043],{"class":1422},[64,108356,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108358,103],{"class":95},[64,108360,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108362,4052],{"class":1422},[64,108364,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108366,103],{"class":95},[64,108368,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108370,4061],{"class":1422},[64,108372,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108374,9280],{"class":95},[64,108376,108377,108379,108381,108383,108385,108387,108389,108391],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108378,36248],{"class":74},[64,108380,137],{"class":95},[64,108382,26196],{"class":140},[64,108384,144],{"class":95},[64,108386,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108388,4043],{"class":1422},[64,108390,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108392,150],{"class":95},[14,108394,39611,108395,108397],{},[61,108396,108051],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108399,108400,108401,2839,108405,137],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[543,108402,108403],{"href":98160},[61,108404,102818],{},[543,108406,108408],{"href":108407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[61,108409,102809],{},[49,108411,108413],{"id":108412},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108415,108416],{},"Here is a simple example:",[54,108418,108420],{"className":56,"code":108419,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[61,108421,108422,108456,108460,108476,108480,108499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108423,108424,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437,108439,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108452,108454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108425,108426],{"class":74},"animals ",[64,108428,92],{"class":91},[64,108430,1415],{"class":95},[64,108432,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108434,37004],{"class":1422},[64,108436,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108438,103],{"class":95},[64,108440,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108442,58076],{"class":1422},[64,108444,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108446,103],{"class":95},[64,108448,3315],{"class":1418},[64,108450,108451],{"class":1422},"rabbit",[64,108453,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108455,9280],{"class":95},[64,108457,108458],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108459,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,108461,108462,108465,108467,108470,108472,108474],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,108463,108464],{"class":74},"removed_animal ",[64,108466,92],{"class":91},[64,108468,108469],{"class":74}," animals",[64,108471,137],{"class":95},[64,108473,26196],{"class":140},[64,108475,366],{"class":95},[64,108477,108478],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,108479,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,108481,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494,108497],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,108483,212],{"class":211},[64,108485,144],{"class":95},[64,108487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108489,28910],{"class":1422},[64,108491,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108493,103],{"class":95},[64,108495,108496],{"class":140}," removed_animal",[64,108498,150],{"class":95},[64,108500,108501,108503,108505,108507,108510,108512,108514,108516],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,108502,212],{"class":211},[64,108504,144],{"class":95},[64,108506,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108508,108509],{"class":1422},"Updated set:",[64,108511,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108513,103],{"class":95},[64,108515,108469],{"class":140},[64,108517,150],{"class":95},[14,108519,29984],{},[54,108521,108523],{"className":56,"code":108522,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[61,108524,108525,108534],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108526,108527,108529,108531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108528,28952],{"class":74},[64,108530,1117],{"class":95},[64,108532,108533],{"class":74}," dog\n",[64,108535,108536,108539,108541,108543,108545,108547,108549,108551,108553,108555,108557,108559],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108537,108538],{"class":74},"Updated ",[64,108540,6256],{"class":1778},[64,108542,1117],{"class":95},[64,108544,1415],{"class":95},[64,108546,3261],{"class":1418},[64,108548,37004],{"class":1422},[64,108550,3261],{"class":1418},[64,108552,103],{"class":95},[64,108554,3256],{"class":1418},[64,108556,108451],{"class":1422},[64,108558,3261],{"class":1418},[64,108560,9280],{"class":95},[14,108562,108563],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[49,108565,108567],{"id":108566},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108569,29604,108570,108572,108573,137],{},[61,108571,12729],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[61,108574,19641],{},[14,108576,318],{},[54,108578,108580],{"className":56,"code":108579,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[61,108581,108582,108592],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108585,7749],{"class":74},[64,108587,92],{"class":91},[64,108589,15586],{"class":1778},[64,108591,366],{"class":95},[64,108593,108594,108596,108598,108600],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108595,7779],{"class":74},[64,108597,137],{"class":95},[64,108599,26196],{"class":140},[64,108601,366],{"class":95},[14,108603,108604],{},"This raises:",[54,108606,108608],{"className":56,"code":108607,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[61,108609,108610],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108611,108612,108614,108616,108618,108621],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108613,19641],{"class":1778},[64,108615,1117],{"class":95},[64,108617,3256],{"class":1418},[64,108619,108620],{"class":1422},"pop from an empty set",[64,108622,29654],{"class":1418},[14,108624,108625,108626,108629],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[543,108627,108628],{"href":11046},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[816,108631,108633,108634],{"id":108632},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[61,108635,12729],{},[14,108637,108638],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[54,108640,108642],{"className":56,"code":108641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[61,108643,108644,108654,108658,108666,108681,108700,108706],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108645,108646,108648,108650,108652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108647,7749],{"class":74},[64,108649,92],{"class":91},[64,108651,15586],{"class":1778},[64,108653,366],{"class":95},[64,108655,108656],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108657,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,108659,108660,108662,108664],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,108661,6965],{"class":70},[64,108663,5934],{"class":74},[64,108665,6363],{"class":95},[64,108667,108668,108671,108673,108675,108677,108679],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,108669,108670],{"class":74},"    removed ",[64,108672,92],{"class":91},[64,108674,5934],{"class":74},[64,108676,137],{"class":95},[64,108678,26196],{"class":140},[64,108680,366],{"class":95},[64,108682,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695,108698],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,108684,8039],{"class":211},[64,108686,144],{"class":95},[64,108688,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108690,28910],{"class":1422},[64,108692,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108694,103],{"class":95},[64,108696,108697],{"class":140}," removed",[64,108699,150],{"class":95},[64,108701,108702,108704],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,108703,27388],{"class":70},[64,108705,6363],{"class":95},[64,108707,108708,108710,108712,108714,108717,108719],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,108709,8039],{"class":211},[64,108711,144],{"class":95},[64,108713,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108715,108716],{"class":1422},"The set is empty.",[64,108718,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108720,150],{"class":95},[816,108722,256,108724,40,108726],{"id":108723},"use-try-and-except",[61,108725,29758],{},[61,108727,29789],{},[14,108729,108730],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[54,108732,108734],{"className":56,"code":108733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[61,108735,108736,108746,108750,108756,108770,108788,108796],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108737,108738,108740,108742,108744],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108739,7749],{"class":74},[64,108741,92],{"class":91},[64,108743,15586],{"class":1778},[64,108745,366],{"class":95},[64,108747,108748],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108749,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,108751,108752,108754],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,108753,29758],{"class":70},[64,108755,6363],{"class":95},[64,108757,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,108759,108670],{"class":74},[64,108761,92],{"class":91},[64,108763,5934],{"class":74},[64,108765,137],{"class":95},[64,108767,26196],{"class":140},[64,108769,366],{"class":95},[64,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780,108782,108784,108786],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,108773,8039],{"class":211},[64,108775,144],{"class":95},[64,108777,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108779,28910],{"class":1422},[64,108781,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108783,103],{"class":95},[64,108785,108697],{"class":140},[64,108787,150],{"class":95},[64,108789,108790,108792,108794],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,108791,29789],{"class":70},[64,108793,29792],{"class":1778},[64,108795,6363],{"class":95},[64,108797,108798,108800,108802,108804,108807,108809],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,108799,8039],{"class":211},[64,108801,144],{"class":95},[64,108803,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108805,108806],{"class":1422},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[64,108808,1419],{"class":1418},[64,108810,150],{"class":95},[49,108812,4925,108814,10557,108816,10557,108818],{"id":108813},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[61,108815,12729],{},[61,108817,55486],{},[61,108819,102804],{},[14,108821,108822],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[816,108824,256,108826],{"id":108825},"use-pop",[61,108827,12729],{},[14,108829,256,108830,10573],{},[61,108831,12729],{},[21,108833,108834,108840,108843],{},[24,108835,108836,108837],{},"You want to remove ",[37,108838,108839],{},"any one item",[24,108841,108842],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[24,108844,108845],{},"You want the removed item returned",[54,108847,108849],{"className":56,"code":108848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[61,108850,108851,108871,108885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108852,108853,108855,108857,108859,108861,108863,108865,108867,108869],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108854,1161],{"class":74},[64,108856,92],{"class":91},[64,108858,1415],{"class":95},[64,108860,100],{"class":99},[64,108862,103],{"class":95},[64,108864,106],{"class":99},[64,108866,103],{"class":95},[64,108868,743],{"class":99},[64,108870,9280],{"class":95},[64,108872,108873,108875,108877,108879,108881,108883],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108874,2411],{"class":74},[64,108876,92],{"class":91},[64,108878,1191],{"class":74},[64,108880,137],{"class":95},[64,108882,26196],{"class":140},[64,108884,366],{"class":95},[64,108886,108887,108889,108891,108893],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,108888,212],{"class":211},[64,108890,144],{"class":95},[64,108892,2436],{"class":140},[64,108894,150],{"class":95},[816,108896,256,108898],{"id":108897},"use-remove",[61,108899,55486],{},[14,108901,256,108902,10573],{},[61,108903,55486],{},[21,108905,108906,108912],{},[24,108907,108908,108909],{},"You want to delete a ",[37,108910,108911],{},"specific item",[24,108913,108914],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[54,108916,108918],{"className":56,"code":108917,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,108919,108920,108940,108954],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108923,1161],{"class":74},[64,108925,92],{"class":91},[64,108927,1415],{"class":95},[64,108929,100],{"class":99},[64,108931,103],{"class":95},[64,108933,106],{"class":99},[64,108935,103],{"class":95},[64,108937,743],{"class":99},[64,108939,9280],{"class":95},[64,108941,108942,108944,108946,108948,108950,108952],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,108943,3611],{"class":74},[64,108945,137],{"class":95},[64,108947,34752],{"class":140},[64,108949,144],{"class":95},[64,108951,2021],{"class":99},[64,108953,150],{"class":95},[64,108955,108956,108958,108960,108962],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,108957,212],{"class":211},[64,108959,144],{"class":95},[64,108961,3611],{"class":140},[64,108963,150],{"class":95},[14,108965,108966,108967,108969,108970,108974],{},"If the item is missing, ",[61,108968,55486],{}," raises an error. See the ",[543,108971,108972,1248],{"href":98160},[61,108973,102818],{}," for details.",[816,108976,256,108978],{"id":108977},"use-discard",[61,108979,102804],{},[14,108981,256,108982,10573],{},[61,108983,102804],{},[21,108985,108986,108990],{},[24,108987,108908,108988],{},[37,108989,108911],{},[24,108991,108992,108993,108995],{},"You do ",[37,108994,300],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[54,108997,108999],{"className":56,"code":108998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,109000,109001,109021,109035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109004,1161],{"class":74},[64,109006,92],{"class":91},[64,109008,1415],{"class":95},[64,109010,100],{"class":99},[64,109012,103],{"class":95},[64,109014,106],{"class":99},[64,109016,103],{"class":95},[64,109018,743],{"class":99},[64,109020,9280],{"class":95},[64,109022,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109024,3611],{"class":74},[64,109026,137],{"class":95},[64,109028,102871],{"class":140},[64,109030,144],{"class":95},[64,109032,385],{"class":99},[64,109034,150],{"class":95},[64,109036,109037,109039,109041,109043],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,109038,212],{"class":211},[64,109040,144],{"class":95},[64,109042,3611],{"class":140},[64,109044,150],{"class":95},[14,109046,109047,109048,109050,109051,109055],{},"This does nothing if ",[61,109049,385],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[543,109052,109053,1248],{"href":108407},[61,109054,102809],{}," for more examples.",[49,109057,1646],{"id":1645},[14,109059,71430,109060,1117],{},[61,109061,108051],{},[21,109063,109064,109070,109075,109080],{},[24,109065,109066,109067],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[61,109068,109069],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[24,109071,8423,109072,109074],{},[61,109073,12729],{}," to remove the first or last item",[24,109076,29604,109077,109079],{},[61,109078,12729],{}," on an empty set",[24,109081,1654,109082,109084],{},[61,109083,12729],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109086,62244],{},[54,109088,109090],{"className":56,"code":109089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[61,109091,109092,109102,109116,109130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109093,109094,109096,109098,109100],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109095,212],{"class":211},[64,109097,144],{"class":95},[64,109099,15619],{"class":140},[64,109101,150],{"class":95},[64,109103,109104,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109105,212],{"class":211},[64,109107,144],{"class":95},[64,109109,11134],{"class":211},[64,109111,144],{"class":95},[64,109113,15619],{"class":140},[64,109115,1737],{"class":95},[64,109117,109118,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,109119,212],{"class":211},[64,109121,144],{"class":95},[64,109123,1779],{"class":1778},[64,109125,144],{"class":95},[64,109127,15619],{"class":140},[64,109129,1737],{"class":95},[64,109131,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,109133,28492],{"class":74},[64,109135,92],{"class":91},[64,109137,96875],{"class":74},[64,109139,137],{"class":95},[64,109141,26196],{"class":140},[64,109143,366],{"class":95},[14,109145,25963],{},[21,109147,109148,109151,109154,109157],{},[24,109149,109150],{},"What values are in the set",[24,109152,109153],{},"Whether the set is empty",[24,109155,109156],{},"That the object is really a set",[24,109158,109159],{},"What value was actually removed",[49,109161,1826],{"id":1825},[816,109163,12670,109165,109167],{"id":109164},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[61,109166,108051],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109169,109170,109171,109173],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[61,109172,12729],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[816,109175,109177,109178,2456],{"id":109176},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[61,109179,108051],{},[14,109181,109182,109183,109185,109186,109188],{},"No. Unlike list ",[61,109184,12729],{},", set ",[61,109187,12729],{}," does not accept an index.",[816,109190,109192],{"id":109191},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109194,71599,109195,44587,109197,109199],{},[61,109196,19641],{},[61,109198,12729],{}," is called on an empty set.",[816,109201,109203],{"id":109202},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109205,256,109206,2839,109208,11064,109210,137],{},[61,109207,55486],{},[61,109209,102804],{},[61,109211,12729],{},[49,109213,1865],{"id":1864},[21,109215,109216,109220,109226,109232,109236],{},[24,109217,109218],{},[543,109219,96279],{"href":97450},[24,109221,109222],{},[543,109223,96765,109224,1248],{"href":98160},[61,109225,55486],{},[24,109227,109228],{},[543,109229,96765,109230,1248],{"href":108407},[61,109231,102804],{},[24,109233,109234],{},[543,109235,11235],{"href":11046},[24,109237,109238],{},[543,109239,55472],{"href":55024},[1898,109241,109242],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":109244},[109245,109246,109248,109249,109250,109251,109257,109266,109267,109275],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":108171,"depth":78,"text":109247},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":108309,"depth":78,"text":108310},{"id":108412,"depth":78,"text":108413},{"id":108566,"depth":78,"text":108567,"children":109252},[109253,109255],{"id":108632,"depth":85,"text":109254},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108723,"depth":85,"text":109256},"Use try and except",{"id":108813,"depth":78,"text":109258,"children":109259},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109260,109262,109264],{"id":108825,"depth":85,"text":109261},"Use pop()",{"id":108897,"depth":85,"text":109263},"Use remove()",{"id":108977,"depth":85,"text":109265},"Use discard()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":109268},[109269,109271,109273,109274],{"id":109164,"depth":85,"text":109270},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109176,"depth":85,"text":109272},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109191,"depth":85,"text":109192},{"id":109202,"depth":85,"text":109203},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108039,"description":109276},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109283,"title":109284,"body":109285,"description":110439,"extension":1927,"meta":110440,"navigation":81,"path":110441,"seo":110442,"stem":110443,"__hash__":110444},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109286,"toc":110407},[109287,109292,109297,109306,109308,109373,109377,109401,109408,109413,109417,109432,109435,109437,109456,109470,109473,109521,109525,109541,109543,109616,109620,109645,109651,109659,109663,109670,109725,109730,109747,109753,109759,109764,109772,109779,109783,109791,109846,109848,109865,109869,109876,109941,109945,109978,109980,109992,109999,110001,110006,110013,110015,110084,110088,110096,110098,110162,110166,110171,110218,110223,110291,110299,110306,110309,110315,110320,110324,110326,110329,110331,110336,110341,110347,110352,110359,110367,110373,110376,110378,110404],[10,109288,96151,109290,11295],{"id":109289},"python-set-remove-method",[61,109291,55486],{},[14,109293,109294,109296],{},[61,109295,102818],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109298,109299,109300,109303,109304,137],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[37,109301,109302],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[61,109305,19641],{},[49,109307,52],{"id":51},[54,109309,109311],{"className":56,"code":109310,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[61,109312,109313,109345,109363],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109314,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109316,13041],{"class":74},[64,109318,92],{"class":91},[64,109320,1415],{"class":95},[64,109322,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109324,13058],{"class":1422},[64,109326,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109328,103],{"class":95},[64,109330,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109332,13075],{"class":1422},[64,109334,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109336,103],{"class":95},[64,109338,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109340,17409],{"class":1422},[64,109342,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109344,9280],{"class":95},[64,109346,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109348,17456],{"class":74},[64,109350,137],{"class":95},[64,109352,34752],{"class":140},[64,109354,144],{"class":95},[64,109356,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109358,13075],{"class":1422},[64,109360,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109362,150],{"class":95},[64,109364,109365,109367,109369,109371],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,109366,212],{"class":211},[64,109368,144],{"class":95},[64,109370,17456],{"class":140},[64,109372,150],{"class":95},[14,109374,109375],{},[37,109376,29984],{},[54,109378,109379],{"className":56,"code":103498,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,109380,109381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109382,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109384,9249],{"class":95},[64,109386,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109388,13058],{"class":1422},[64,109390,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109392,103],{"class":95},[64,109394,3256],{"class":1418},[64,109396,17409],{"class":1422},[64,109398,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109400,9280],{"class":95},[14,109402,256,109403,109405,109406,137],{},[61,109404,55486],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[61,109407,19641],{},[49,109409,3639,109411,3642],{"id":109410},"what-setremove-does",[61,109412,102818],{},[14,109414,109415,1117],{},[61,109416,102818],{},[21,109418,109419,109422,109424,109426],{},[24,109420,109421],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[24,109423,96266],{},[24,109425,96269],{},[24,109427,109428,109429,109431],{},"Raises ",[61,109430,19641],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109433,109434],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[49,109436,2120],{"id":2119},[54,109438,109440],{"className":56,"code":109439,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[61,109441,109442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109443,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109445,15619],{"class":74},[64,109447,137],{"class":95},[64,109449,34752],{"class":140},[64,109451,144],{"class":95},[64,109453,2436],{"class":140},[64,109455,150],{"class":95},[21,109457,109458,109462,109467],{},[24,109459,109460,103040],{},[61,109461,15619],{},[24,109463,109464,109466],{},[61,109465,2436],{}," is the item to remove",[24,109468,109469],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109471,109472],{},"Here is a small example:",[54,109474,109475],{"className":56,"code":108917,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,109476,109477,109497,109511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109478,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109480,1161],{"class":74},[64,109482,92],{"class":91},[64,109484,1415],{"class":95},[64,109486,100],{"class":99},[64,109488,103],{"class":95},[64,109490,106],{"class":99},[64,109492,103],{"class":95},[64,109494,743],{"class":99},[64,109496,9280],{"class":95},[64,109498,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109500,3611],{"class":74},[64,109502,137],{"class":95},[64,109504,34752],{"class":140},[64,109506,144],{"class":95},[64,109508,2021],{"class":99},[64,109510,150],{"class":95},[64,109512,109513,109515,109517,109519],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,109514,212],{"class":211},[64,109516,144],{"class":95},[64,109518,3611],{"class":140},[64,109520,150],{"class":95},[14,109522,109523],{},[37,109524,29984],{},[54,109526,109527],{"className":56,"code":101248,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,109528,109529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109530,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109532,9249],{"class":95},[64,109534,100],{"class":99},[64,109536,103],{"class":95},[64,109538,743],{"class":99},[64,109540,9280],{"class":95},[49,109542,11449],{"id":11448},[54,109544,109546],{"className":56,"code":109545,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[61,109547,109548,109580,109584,109602,109606],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109549,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109551,36196],{"class":74},[64,109553,92],{"class":91},[64,109555,1415],{"class":95},[64,109557,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109559,4043],{"class":1422},[64,109561,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109563,103],{"class":95},[64,109565,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109567,4052],{"class":1422},[64,109569,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109571,103],{"class":95},[64,109573,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109575,33177],{"class":1422},[64,109577,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109579,9280],{"class":95},[64,109581,109582],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109583,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,109585,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,109587,36248],{"class":74},[64,109589,137],{"class":95},[64,109591,34752],{"class":140},[64,109593,144],{"class":95},[64,109595,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109597,4052],{"class":1422},[64,109599,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109601,150],{"class":95},[64,109603,109604],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,109605,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,109607,109608,109610,109612,109614],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,109609,212],{"class":211},[64,109611,144],{"class":95},[64,109613,36248],{"class":140},[64,109615,150],{"class":95},[14,109617,109618],{},[37,109619,29984],{},[54,109621,109623],{"className":56,"code":109622,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[61,109624,109625],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109626,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109628,9249],{"class":95},[64,109630,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109632,4043],{"class":1422},[64,109634,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109636,103],{"class":95},[64,109638,3256],{"class":1418},[64,109640,33177],{"class":1422},[64,109642,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109644,9280],{"class":95},[14,109646,109647,109648,109650],{},"This removes ",[61,109649,65224],{}," from the set.",[14,109652,109653,109654,109656,109657,137],{},"A set does ",[37,109655,300],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[543,109658,96283],{"href":97834},[49,109660,109662],{"id":109661},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109664,109665,109666,52454,109668,137],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[61,109667,55486],{},[61,109669,19641],{},[54,109671,109673],{"className":56,"code":109672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[61,109674,109675,109707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109676,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109678,13041],{"class":74},[64,109680,92],{"class":91},[64,109682,1415],{"class":95},[64,109684,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109686,13058],{"class":1422},[64,109688,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109690,103],{"class":95},[64,109692,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109694,13075],{"class":1422},[64,109696,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109698,103],{"class":95},[64,109700,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109702,17409],{"class":1422},[64,109704,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109706,9280],{"class":95},[64,109708,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109710,17456],{"class":74},[64,109712,137],{"class":95},[64,109714,34752],{"class":140},[64,109716,144],{"class":95},[64,109718,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109720,22477],{"class":1422},[64,109722,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109724,150],{"class":95},[14,109726,109727],{},[37,109728,109729],{},"Result:",[54,109731,109733],{"className":56,"code":109732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[61,109734,109735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109736,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109738,19641],{"class":1778},[64,109740,1117],{"class":95},[64,109742,3256],{"class":1418},[64,109744,22477],{"class":1422},[64,109746,29654],{"class":1418},[14,109748,22142,109749,109752],{},[61,109750,109751],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109754,109755,109756,109758],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[61,109757,55486],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109760,109761,109762,137],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[543,109763,11235],{"href":11046},[49,109765,4163,109767,109769,109770],{"id":109766},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[61,109768,55486],{}," is different from ",[61,109771,102804],{},[14,109773,109774,40,109776,109778],{},[61,109775,55486],{},[61,109777,102804],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[816,109780,109781],{"id":34752},[61,109782,55486],{},[21,109784,109785,109788],{},[24,109786,109787],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[24,109789,109790],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[54,109792,109794],{"className":56,"code":109793,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[61,109795,109796,109828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109797,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109799,36048],{"class":74},[64,109801,92],{"class":91},[64,109803,1415],{"class":95},[64,109805,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109807,543],{"class":1422},[64,109809,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109811,103],{"class":95},[64,109813,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109815,1235],{"class":1422},[64,109817,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109819,103],{"class":95},[64,109821,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109823,9711],{"class":1422},[64,109825,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109827,9280],{"class":95},[64,109829,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109831,36101],{"class":74},[64,109833,137],{"class":95},[64,109835,34752],{"class":140},[64,109837,144],{"class":95},[64,109839,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109841,18721],{"class":1422},[64,109843,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109845,150],{"class":95},[14,109847,108604],{},[54,109849,109851],{"className":56,"code":109850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[61,109852,109853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109854,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109856,19641],{"class":1778},[64,109858,1117],{"class":95},[64,109860,3256],{"class":1418},[64,109862,18721],{"class":1422},[64,109864,29654],{"class":1418},[816,109866,109867],{"id":102871},[61,109868,102804],{},[21,109870,109871,109873],{},[24,109872,109787],{},[24,109874,109875],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[54,109877,109879],{"className":56,"code":109878,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,109880,109881,109913,109931],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109882,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109884,36048],{"class":74},[64,109886,92],{"class":91},[64,109888,1415],{"class":95},[64,109890,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109892,543],{"class":1422},[64,109894,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109896,103],{"class":95},[64,109898,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109900,1235],{"class":1422},[64,109902,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109904,103],{"class":95},[64,109906,3315],{"class":1418},[64,109908,9711],{"class":1422},[64,109910,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109912,9280],{"class":95},[64,109914,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,109916,36101],{"class":74},[64,109918,137],{"class":95},[64,109920,102871],{"class":140},[64,109922,144],{"class":95},[64,109924,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109926,18721],{"class":1422},[64,109928,1419],{"class":1418},[64,109930,150],{"class":95},[64,109932,109933,109935,109937,109939],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,109934,212],{"class":211},[64,109936,144],{"class":95},[64,109938,36101],{"class":140},[64,109940,150],{"class":95},[14,109942,109943],{},[37,109944,2035],{},[54,109946,109948],{"className":56,"code":109947,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[61,109949,109950],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,109951,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109953,9249],{"class":95},[64,109955,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109957,543],{"class":1422},[64,109959,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109961,103],{"class":95},[64,109963,3256],{"class":1418},[64,109965,1235],{"class":1422},[64,109967,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109969,103],{"class":95},[64,109971,3256],{"class":1418},[64,109973,9711],{"class":1422},[64,109975,3261],{"class":1418},[64,109977,9280],{"class":95},[14,109979,18648],{},[21,109981,109982,109987],{},[24,109983,109984,109986],{},[61,109985,55486],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[24,109988,109989,109991],{},[61,109990,102804],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109993,109994,109995,137],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[543,109996,96765,109997,1248],{"href":108407},[61,109998,102804],{},[49,110000,4483],{"id":4482},[816,110002,8423,110004,97145],{"id":110003},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[61,110005,55486],{},[14,110007,110008,110010,110011,137],{},[61,110009,55486],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[61,110012,3741],{},[14,110014,16596],{},[54,110016,110018],{"className":56,"code":110017,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[61,110019,110020,110052,110074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110021,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110023,13041],{"class":74},[64,110025,92],{"class":91},[64,110027,1415],{"class":95},[64,110029,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110031,13058],{"class":1422},[64,110033,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110035,103],{"class":95},[64,110037,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110039,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110041,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110043,103],{"class":95},[64,110045,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110047,17409],{"class":1422},[64,110049,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110051,9280],{"class":95},[64,110053,110054,110056,110058,110060,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,110055,13084],{"class":74},[64,110057,92],{"class":91},[64,110059,13089],{"class":74},[64,110061,137],{"class":95},[64,110063,34752],{"class":140},[64,110065,144],{"class":95},[64,110067,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110069,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110071,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110073,150],{"class":95},[64,110075,110076,110078,110080,110082],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,110077,212],{"class":211},[64,110079,144],{"class":95},[64,110081,13108],{"class":140},[64,110083,150],{"class":95},[14,110085,110086],{},[37,110087,2035],{},[54,110089,110090],{"className":56,"code":11782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,110091,110092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110093,110094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110095,11782],{"class":3816},[14,110097,16608],{},[54,110099,110100],{"className":56,"code":109310,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,110101,110102,110134,110152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110103,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130,110132],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110105,13041],{"class":74},[64,110107,92],{"class":91},[64,110109,1415],{"class":95},[64,110111,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110113,13058],{"class":1422},[64,110115,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110117,103],{"class":95},[64,110119,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110121,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110123,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110125,103],{"class":95},[64,110127,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110129,17409],{"class":1422},[64,110131,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110133,9280],{"class":95},[64,110135,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,110137,17456],{"class":74},[64,110139,137],{"class":95},[64,110141,34752],{"class":140},[64,110143,144],{"class":95},[64,110145,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110147,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110149,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110151,150],{"class":95},[64,110153,110154,110156,110158,110160],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,110155,212],{"class":211},[64,110157,144],{"class":95},[64,110159,17456],{"class":140},[64,110161,150],{"class":95},[816,110163,110165],{"id":110164},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110167,110168,110169,137],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[61,110170,19641],{},[54,110172,110174],{"className":56,"code":110173,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[61,110175,110176,110200],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110177,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110179,13041],{"class":74},[64,110181,92],{"class":91},[64,110183,1415],{"class":95},[64,110185,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110187,13058],{"class":1422},[64,110189,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110191,103],{"class":95},[64,110193,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110195,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110197,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110199,9280],{"class":95},[64,110201,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,110203,17456],{"class":74},[64,110205,137],{"class":95},[64,110207,34752],{"class":140},[64,110209,144],{"class":95},[64,110211,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110213,17409],{"class":1422},[64,110215,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110217,150],{"class":95},[14,110219,110220,110221,1117],{},"To check first, you can use ",[61,110222,3847],{},[54,110224,110226],{"className":56,"code":110225,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[61,110227,110228,110252,110256,110272],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110229,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110231,13041],{"class":74},[64,110233,92],{"class":91},[64,110235,1415],{"class":95},[64,110237,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110239,13058],{"class":1422},[64,110241,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110243,103],{"class":95},[64,110245,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110247,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110249,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110251,9280],{"class":95},[64,110253,110254],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,110255,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,110257,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,110259,6965],{"class":70},[64,110261,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110263,17409],{"class":1422},[64,110265,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110267,21127],{"class":91},[64,110269,13089],{"class":74},[64,110271,6363],{"class":95},[64,110273,110274,110277,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,110275,110276],{"class":74},"    colors",[64,110278,137],{"class":95},[64,110280,34752],{"class":140},[64,110282,144],{"class":95},[64,110284,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110286,17409],{"class":1422},[64,110288,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110290,150],{"class":95},[14,110292,110293,110294,110298],{},"Or use ",[543,110295,110296],{"href":108407},[61,110297,102804],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[816,110300,37161,110302,8675,110304],{"id":110301},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[61,110303,102818],{},[61,110305,55032],{},[14,110307,110308],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110310,110311,110312,110314],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[61,110313,102818],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110316,110317,110318,137],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[543,110319,99029],{"href":99028},[816,110321,110323],{"id":110322},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110325,108313],{},[14,110327,110328],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[49,110330,1826],{"id":1825},[816,110332,12670,110334,97244],{"id":110333},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[61,110335,102818],{},[14,110337,110338,110339,137],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[61,110340,3741],{},[816,110342,30242,110344,110346],{"id":110343},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[61,110345,102818],{}," raise?",[14,110348,30248,110349,110351],{},[61,110350,19641],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[816,110353,21373,110355,2839,110357,2456],{"id":110354},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[61,110356,55486],{},[61,110358,102804],{},[14,110360,256,110361,110363,110364,110366],{},[61,110362,55486],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[61,110365,102804],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[816,110368,5135,110370,110372],{"id":110369},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[61,110371,102818],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110374,110375],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[49,110377,1865],{"id":1864},[21,110379,110380,110386,110392,110396,110400],{},[24,110381,110382],{},[543,110383,96765,110384,1248],{"href":108407},[61,110385,102804],{},[24,110387,110388],{},[543,110389,96765,110390,1248],{"href":98165},[61,110391,12729],{},[24,110393,110394],{},[543,110395,97289],{"href":97834},[24,110397,110398],{},[543,110399,100294],{"href":99028},[24,110401,110402],{},[543,110403,11235],{"href":11046},[1898,110405,110406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":110408},[110409,110410,110412,110413,110414,110415,110420,110428,110438],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":109410,"depth":78,"text":110411},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":109661,"depth":78,"text":109662},{"id":109766,"depth":78,"text":110416,"children":110417},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110418,110419],{"id":34752,"depth":85,"text":55486},{"id":102871,"depth":85,"text":102804},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":110421},[110422,110424,110425,110427],{"id":110003,"depth":85,"text":110423},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110164,"depth":85,"text":110165},{"id":110301,"depth":85,"text":110426},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110322,"depth":85,"text":110323},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":110429},[110430,110432,110434,110436],{"id":110333,"depth":85,"text":110431},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110343,"depth":85,"text":110433},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110354,"depth":85,"text":110435},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110369,"depth":85,"text":110437},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109284,"description":110439},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110446,"title":110447,"body":110448,"description":111821,"extension":1927,"meta":111822,"navigation":81,"path":111823,"seo":111824,"stem":111825,"__hash__":111826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110449,"toc":111796},[110450,110456,110462,110465,110468,110482,110484,110565,110568,110573,110577,110591,110598,110600,110619,110622,110640,110642,110722,110724,110749,110753,110756,110764,110769,110774,110776,110789,110794,110797,110821,110824,110832,110834,110837,110934,110936,110969,110971,110997,111004,111007,111011,111019,111023,111031,111033,111123,111125,111139,111146,111151,111156,111158,111249,111251,111263,111265,111279,111285,111293,111295,111377,111379,111424,111427,111435,111438,111440,111444,111487,111489,111509,111514,111516,111601,111603,111608,111610,111617,111625,111631,111634,111636,111722,111724,111748,111752,111755,111757,111784,111794],[10,110451,96151,110453,11295],{"id":110452},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[61,110454,110455],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110457,110458,110461],{},[61,110459,110460],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110463,110464],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110466,110467],{},"Use it when:",[21,110469,110470,110473,110479],{},[24,110471,110472],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[24,110474,110475,110476,110478],{},"you do ",[37,110477,300],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[24,110480,110481],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[49,110483,3572],{"id":3571},[54,110485,110487],{"className":56,"code":110486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[61,110488,110489,110509,110529,110533,110552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110490,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110492,1186],{"class":74},[64,110494,92],{"class":91},[64,110496,1415],{"class":95},[64,110498,100],{"class":99},[64,110500,103],{"class":95},[64,110502,106],{"class":99},[64,110504,103],{"class":95},[64,110506,743],{"class":99},[64,110508,9280],{"class":95},[64,110510,110511,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,110512,1202],{"class":74},[64,110514,92],{"class":91},[64,110516,1415],{"class":95},[64,110518,115],{"class":99},[64,110520,103],{"class":95},[64,110522,120],{"class":99},[64,110524,103],{"class":95},[64,110526,4570],{"class":99},[64,110528,9280],{"class":95},[64,110530,110531],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,110532,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,110534,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543,110546,110548,110550],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,110536,2194],{"class":74},[64,110538,92],{"class":91},[64,110540,56839],{"class":74},[64,110542,137],{"class":95},[64,110544,110545],{"class":140},"symmetric_difference",[64,110547,144],{"class":95},[64,110549,1235],{"class":140},[64,110551,150],{"class":95},[64,110553,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,110555,212],{"class":211},[64,110557,144],{"class":95},[64,110559,2229],{"class":140},[64,110561,219],{"class":95},[64,110563,110564],{"class":222},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110566,110567],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[49,110569,3639,110571,3642],{"id":110570},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[61,110572,110455],{},[14,110574,110575,1117],{},[61,110576,110460],{},[21,110578,110579,110582,110585,110588],{},[24,110580,110581],{},"returns a new set",[24,110583,110584],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[24,110586,110587],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[24,110589,110590],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110592,96275,110593,2839,110595,137],{},[543,110594,96279],{"href":96278},[543,110596,110597],{"href":96282},"creating a set in Python",[49,110599,2120],{"id":2119},[54,110601,110603],{"className":56,"code":110602,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[61,110604,110605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110606,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615,110617],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110608,100535],{"class":74},[64,110610,137],{"class":95},[64,110612,110545],{"class":140},[64,110614,144],{"class":95},[64,110616,100544],{"class":140},[64,110618,150],{"class":95},[14,110620,110621],{},"Notes:",[21,110623,110624,110629,110634,110637],{},[24,110625,110626,110628],{},[61,110627,100535],{}," must be a set",[24,110630,110631,110633],{},[61,110632,100544],{}," can be any iterable",[24,110635,110636],{},"the result is always a set",[24,110638,110639],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110641,318],{},[54,110643,110645],{"className":56,"code":110644,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[61,110646,110647,110668,110689,110693,110712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110648,110649,110652,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664,110666],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110650,110651],{"class":74},"set1 ",[64,110653,92],{"class":91},[64,110655,1415],{"class":95},[64,110657,100],{"class":99},[64,110659,103],{"class":95},[64,110661,106],{"class":99},[64,110663,103],{"class":95},[64,110665,743],{"class":99},[64,110667,9280],{"class":95},[64,110669,110670,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,110671,110672],{"class":74},"set2 ",[64,110674,92],{"class":91},[64,110676,1415],{"class":95},[64,110678,115],{"class":99},[64,110680,103],{"class":95},[64,110682,120],{"class":99},[64,110684,103],{"class":95},[64,110686,4570],{"class":99},[64,110688,9280],{"class":95},[64,110690,110691],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,110692,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,110694,110695,110697,110699,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,110696,2194],{"class":74},[64,110698,92],{"class":91},[64,110700,110701],{"class":74}," set1",[64,110703,137],{"class":95},[64,110705,110545],{"class":140},[64,110707,144],{"class":95},[64,110709,100544],{"class":140},[64,110711,150],{"class":95},[64,110713,110714,110716,110718,110720],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,110715,212],{"class":211},[64,110717,144],{"class":95},[64,110719,2229],{"class":140},[64,110721,150],{"class":95},[14,110723,2035],{},[54,110725,110727],{"className":56,"code":110726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[61,110728,110729],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110730,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110732,9249],{"class":95},[64,110734,100],{"class":99},[64,110736,103],{"class":95},[64,110738,106],{"class":99},[64,110740,103],{"class":95},[64,110742,120],{"class":99},[64,110744,103],{"class":95},[64,110746,4570],{"class":99},[64,110748,9280],{"class":95},[49,110750,110752],{"id":110751},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110754,110755],{},"The result includes:",[21,110757,110758,110761],{},[24,110759,110760],{},"items only in the first set",[24,110762,110763],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110765,110766,110767,11055],{},"The result does ",[37,110768,300],{},[21,110770,110771],{},[24,110772,110773],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110775,5439],{},[21,110777,110778,110783],{},[24,110779,110780,110781],{},"first set: ",[61,110782,100232],{},[24,110784,110785,110786],{},"second set: ",[61,110787,110788],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110790,4013,110791,110793],{},[61,110792,115],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110795,110796],{},"The output is:",[54,110798,110799],{"className":56,"code":110726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,110800,110801],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110802,110803,110805,110807,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110804,9249],{"class":95},[64,110806,100],{"class":99},[64,110808,103],{"class":95},[64,110810,106],{"class":99},[64,110812,103],{"class":95},[64,110814,120],{"class":99},[64,110816,103],{"class":95},[64,110818,4570],{"class":99},[64,110820,9280],{"class":95},[14,110822,110823],{},"Also remember:",[21,110825,110826,110829],{},[24,110827,110828],{},"sets are unordered",[24,110830,110831],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[49,110833,11449],{"id":11448},[14,110835,110836],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[54,110838,110840],{"className":56,"code":110839,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,110841,110842,110874,110898,110902,110920,110924],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110843,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110845,106975],{"class":74},[64,110847,92],{"class":91},[64,110849,1415],{"class":95},[64,110851,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110853,13058],{"class":1422},[64,110855,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110857,103],{"class":95},[64,110859,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110861,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110863,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110865,103],{"class":95},[64,110867,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110869,17409],{"class":1422},[64,110871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110873,9280],{"class":95},[64,110875,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,110877,107008],{"class":74},[64,110879,92],{"class":91},[64,110881,1415],{"class":95},[64,110883,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110885,17409],{"class":1422},[64,110887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110889,103],{"class":95},[64,110891,3315],{"class":1418},[64,110893,22477],{"class":1422},[64,110895,1419],{"class":1418},[64,110897,9280],{"class":95},[64,110899,110900],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,110901,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,110903,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,110905,2194],{"class":74},[64,110907,92],{"class":91},[64,110909,107050],{"class":74},[64,110911,137],{"class":95},[64,110913,110545],{"class":140},[64,110915,144],{"class":95},[64,110917,107059],{"class":140},[64,110919,150],{"class":95},[64,110921,110922],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,110923,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,110925,110926,110928,110930,110932],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,110927,212],{"class":211},[64,110929,144],{"class":95},[64,110931,2229],{"class":140},[64,110933,150],{"class":95},[14,110935,2035],{},[54,110937,110939],{"className":56,"code":110938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[61,110940,110941],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,110942,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110944,9249],{"class":95},[64,110946,3261],{"class":1418},[64,110948,13058],{"class":1422},[64,110950,3261],{"class":1418},[64,110952,103],{"class":95},[64,110954,3256],{"class":1418},[64,110956,13075],{"class":1422},[64,110958,3261],{"class":1418},[64,110960,103],{"class":95},[64,110962,3256],{"class":1418},[64,110964,22477],{"class":1422},[64,110966,3261],{"class":1418},[64,110968,9280],{"class":95},[14,110970,13374],{},[21,110972,110973,110978,110989],{},[24,110974,110975,110977],{},[61,110976,96444],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[24,110979,110980,40,110982,110985,110986,110988],{},[61,110981,65342],{},[61,110983,110984],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[61,110987,107112],{},", so they stay",[24,110990,110991,110993,110994,110996],{},[61,110992,109751],{}," is only in ",[61,110995,107059],{},", so it stays",[49,110998,111000,10557,111002],{"id":110999},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[61,111001,110455],{},[61,111003,100364],{},[14,111005,111006],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111008,111009,1117],{},[61,111010,100364],{},[21,111012,111013,111016],{},[24,111014,111015],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[24,111017,111018],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111020,111021,1117],{},[61,111022,110455],{},[21,111024,111025,111028],{},[24,111026,111027],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[24,111029,111030],{},"removes shared items",[14,111032,318],{},[54,111034,111036],{"className":56,"code":111035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[61,111037,111038,111058,111078,111082,111103],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111039,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111041,1186],{"class":74},[64,111043,92],{"class":91},[64,111045,1415],{"class":95},[64,111047,100],{"class":99},[64,111049,103],{"class":95},[64,111051,106],{"class":99},[64,111053,103],{"class":95},[64,111055,743],{"class":99},[64,111057,9280],{"class":95},[64,111059,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,111061,1202],{"class":74},[64,111063,92],{"class":91},[64,111065,1415],{"class":95},[64,111067,115],{"class":99},[64,111069,103],{"class":95},[64,111071,120],{"class":99},[64,111073,103],{"class":95},[64,111075,4570],{"class":99},[64,111077,9280],{"class":95},[64,111079,111080],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,111081,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,111083,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,111085,212],{"class":211},[64,111087,144],{"class":95},[64,111089,543],{"class":140},[64,111091,137],{"class":95},[64,111093,2773],{"class":140},[64,111095,144],{"class":95},[64,111097,1235],{"class":140},[64,111099,5328],{"class":95},[64,111101,111102],{"class":222},"            # {1, 2}\n",[64,111104,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,111106,212],{"class":211},[64,111108,144],{"class":95},[64,111110,543],{"class":140},[64,111112,137],{"class":95},[64,111114,110545],{"class":140},[64,111116,144],{"class":95},[64,111118,1235],{"class":140},[64,111120,5328],{"class":95},[64,111122,110564],{"class":222},[14,111124,18648],{},[21,111126,111127,111134],{},[24,111128,111129,111133],{},[543,111130,111131],{"href":102790},[61,111132,100364],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[24,111135,111136,111138],{},[61,111137,110455],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[49,111140,111142,10557,111144],{"id":111141},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[61,111143,110455],{},[61,111145,102749],{},[14,111147,111148,111150],{},[61,111149,102749],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111152,111153,111155],{},[61,111154,110455],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111157,318],{},[54,111159,111161],{"className":56,"code":111160,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[61,111162,111163,111183,111203,111207,111229],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111166,1186],{"class":74},[64,111168,92],{"class":91},[64,111170,1415],{"class":95},[64,111172,100],{"class":99},[64,111174,103],{"class":95},[64,111176,106],{"class":99},[64,111178,103],{"class":95},[64,111180,743],{"class":99},[64,111182,9280],{"class":95},[64,111184,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199,111201],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,111186,1202],{"class":74},[64,111188,92],{"class":91},[64,111190,1415],{"class":95},[64,111192,115],{"class":99},[64,111194,103],{"class":95},[64,111196,120],{"class":99},[64,111198,103],{"class":95},[64,111200,4570],{"class":99},[64,111202,9280],{"class":95},[64,111204,111205],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,111206,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,111208,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111220,111222,111224,111226],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,111210,212],{"class":211},[64,111212,144],{"class":95},[64,111214,543],{"class":140},[64,111216,137],{"class":95},[64,111218,111219],{"class":140},"union",[64,111221,144],{"class":95},[64,111223,1235],{"class":140},[64,111225,5328],{"class":95},[64,111227,111228],{"class":222},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[64,111230,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,111232,212],{"class":211},[64,111234,144],{"class":95},[64,111236,543],{"class":140},[64,111238,137],{"class":95},[64,111240,110545],{"class":140},[64,111242,144],{"class":95},[64,111244,1235],{"class":140},[64,111246,5328],{"class":95},[64,111248,110564],{"class":222},[14,111250,27175],{},[21,111252,111253,111258],{},[24,111254,111255,111257],{},[61,111256,102749],{}," includes everything",[24,111259,111260,111262],{},[61,111261,110455],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111264,18648],{},[21,111266,111267,111274],{},[24,111268,111269,111273],{},[543,111270,111271],{"href":107680},[61,111272,102749],{}," when overlap does not matter",[24,111275,111276,111278],{},[61,111277,110455],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[49,111280,36570,111282,101548],{"id":111281},"using-the-operator",[61,111283,111284],{},"^",[14,111286,111287,111288,111290,111291,137],{},"For sets, the ",[61,111289,111284],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[61,111292,110455],{},[14,111294,318],{},[54,111296,111298],{"className":56,"code":111297,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[61,111299,111300,111320,111340,111344,111362],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111303,110651],{"class":74},[64,111305,92],{"class":91},[64,111307,1415],{"class":95},[64,111309,100],{"class":99},[64,111311,103],{"class":95},[64,111313,106],{"class":99},[64,111315,103],{"class":95},[64,111317,743],{"class":99},[64,111319,9280],{"class":95},[64,111321,111322,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,111323,110672],{"class":74},[64,111325,92],{"class":91},[64,111327,1415],{"class":95},[64,111329,115],{"class":99},[64,111331,103],{"class":95},[64,111333,120],{"class":99},[64,111335,103],{"class":95},[64,111337,4570],{"class":99},[64,111339,9280],{"class":95},[64,111341,111342],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,111343,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,111345,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,111347,212],{"class":211},[64,111349,144],{"class":95},[64,111351,100535],{"class":140},[64,111353,137],{"class":95},[64,111355,110545],{"class":140},[64,111357,144],{"class":95},[64,111359,100544],{"class":140},[64,111361,1737],{"class":95},[64,111363,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111375],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,111365,212],{"class":211},[64,111367,144],{"class":95},[64,111369,110651],{"class":140},[64,111371,111284],{"class":91},[64,111373,111374],{"class":140}," set2",[64,111376,150],{"class":95},[14,111378,29984],{},[54,111380,111382],{"className":56,"code":111381,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[61,111383,111384,111404],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111385,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111387,9249],{"class":95},[64,111389,100],{"class":99},[64,111391,103],{"class":95},[64,111393,106],{"class":99},[64,111395,103],{"class":95},[64,111397,120],{"class":99},[64,111399,103],{"class":95},[64,111401,4570],{"class":99},[64,111403,9280],{"class":95},[64,111405,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420,111422],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,111407,9249],{"class":95},[64,111409,100],{"class":99},[64,111411,103],{"class":95},[64,111413,106],{"class":99},[64,111415,103],{"class":95},[64,111417,120],{"class":99},[64,111419,103],{"class":95},[64,111421,4570],{"class":99},[64,111423,9280],{"class":95},[14,111425,111426],{},"Both forms:",[21,111428,111429,111432],{},[24,111430,111431],{},"return a new set",[24,111433,111434],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111436,111437],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[49,111439,4483],{"id":4482},[14,111441,21164,111442,1117],{},[61,111443,110455],{},[21,111445,111446,111454,111464,111479],{},[24,111447,111448,111451,111453],{},[37,111449,111450],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9818,111452],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[24,111455,111456,111459,111461,111463],{},[37,111457,111458],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9818,111460],{},[61,111462,110455],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[24,111465,111466,111471,111473,111475,111476,111478],{},[37,111467,111468,111469],{},"Confusing it with ",[61,111470,100364],{},[9818,111472],{},[61,111474,100364],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[61,111477,110455],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[24,111480,111481,111484,111486],{},[37,111482,111483],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9818,111485],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111488,58810],{},[21,111490,111491,111500,111503,111506],{},[24,111492,50450,111493,44587,111495,111499],{},[61,111494,110455],{},[543,111496,111497],{"href":107680},[61,111498,102749],{}," is actually needed",[24,111501,111502],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[24,111504,111505],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[24,111507,111508],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111510,111511,111512,137],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[543,111513,99029],{"href":105293},[14,111515,62244],{},[54,111517,111519],{"className":56,"code":111518,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[61,111520,111521,111531,111541,111559,111573,111587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111522,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111524,212],{"class":211},[64,111526,144],{"class":95},[64,111528,100535],{"class":140},[64,111530,150],{"class":95},[64,111532,111533,111535,111537,111539],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,111534,212],{"class":211},[64,111536,144],{"class":95},[64,111538,100544],{"class":140},[64,111540,150],{"class":95},[64,111542,111543,111545,111547,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,111544,212],{"class":211},[64,111546,144],{"class":95},[64,111548,100535],{"class":140},[64,111550,137],{"class":95},[64,111552,110545],{"class":140},[64,111554,144],{"class":95},[64,111556,100544],{"class":140},[64,111558,1737],{"class":95},[64,111560,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,111562,212],{"class":211},[64,111564,144],{"class":95},[64,111566,110651],{"class":140},[64,111568,111284],{"class":91},[64,111570,111374],{"class":140},[64,111572,150],{"class":95},[64,111574,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,111576,212],{"class":211},[64,111578,144],{"class":95},[64,111580,1779],{"class":1778},[64,111582,144],{"class":95},[64,111584,100535],{"class":140},[64,111586,1737],{"class":95},[64,111588,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,111590,212],{"class":211},[64,111592,144],{"class":95},[64,111594,1779],{"class":1778},[64,111596,144],{"class":95},[64,111598,100544],{"class":140},[64,111600,1737],{"class":95},[49,111602,1826],{"id":1825},[816,111604,12670,111606,102689],{"id":111605},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[61,111607,110455],{},[14,111609,102692],{},[816,111611,5145,111613,40,111615,2456],{"id":111612},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[61,111614,110455],{},[61,111616,100364],{},[14,111618,111619,111621,111622,111624],{},[61,111620,100364],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[61,111623,110455],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[816,111626,28282,111628,111630],{"id":111627},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[61,111629,110455],{}," with lists?",[14,111632,111633],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111635,318],{},[54,111637,111639],{"className":56,"code":111638,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[61,111640,111641,111661,111681,111685,111712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111642,111643,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111644,80607],{"class":74},[64,111646,92],{"class":91},[64,111648,112],{"class":95},[64,111650,100],{"class":99},[64,111652,103],{"class":95},[64,111654,106],{"class":99},[64,111656,103],{"class":95},[64,111658,743],{"class":99},[64,111660,746],{"class":95},[64,111662,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,111664,80628],{"class":74},[64,111666,92],{"class":91},[64,111668,112],{"class":95},[64,111670,115],{"class":99},[64,111672,103],{"class":95},[64,111674,120],{"class":99},[64,111676,103],{"class":95},[64,111678,4570],{"class":99},[64,111680,746],{"class":95},[64,111682,111683],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,111684,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,111686,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,111688,2194],{"class":74},[64,111690,92],{"class":91},[64,111692,15586],{"class":1778},[64,111694,144],{"class":95},[64,111696,111697],{"class":140},"list1",[64,111699,8602],{"class":95},[64,111701,110545],{"class":140},[64,111703,144],{"class":95},[64,111705,6256],{"class":1778},[64,111707,144],{"class":95},[64,111709,80894],{"class":140},[64,111711,1737],{"class":95},[64,111713,111714,111716,111718,111720],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,111715,212],{"class":211},[64,111717,144],{"class":95},[64,111719,2229],{"class":140},[64,111721,150],{"class":95},[14,111723,2035],{},[54,111725,111726],{"className":56,"code":110726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,111727,111728],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111729,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111731,9249],{"class":95},[64,111733,100],{"class":99},[64,111735,103],{"class":95},[64,111737,106],{"class":99},[64,111739,103],{"class":95},[64,111741,120],{"class":99},[64,111743,103],{"class":95},[64,111745,4570],{"class":99},[64,111747,9280],{"class":95},[816,111749,111751],{"id":111750},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111753,111754],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[49,111756,1865],{"id":1864},[21,111758,111759,111763,111768,111774,111780],{},[24,111760,111761],{},[543,111762,96279],{"href":96278},[24,111764,111765],{},[543,111766,111767],{"href":96282},"Creating a set in Python",[24,111769,111770],{},[543,111771,96765,111772,1248],{"href":102790},[61,111773,100364],{},[24,111775,111776],{},[543,111777,96765,111778,1248],{"href":107680},[61,111779,102749],{},[24,111781,111782],{},[543,111783,100294],{"href":105293},[14,111785,111786,111787,2153,111789,17025,111791,111793],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[61,111788,100364],{},[61,111790,102749],{},[61,111792,110455],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1898,111795,57191],{},{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":111797},[111798,111799,111801,111802,111803,111804,111806,111808,111810,111811,111820],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":110570,"depth":78,"text":111800},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":110751,"depth":78,"text":110752},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":110999,"depth":78,"text":111805},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111141,"depth":78,"text":111807},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111281,"depth":78,"text":111809},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":111812},[111813,111815,111817,111819],{"id":111605,"depth":85,"text":111814},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111612,"depth":85,"text":111816},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111627,"depth":85,"text":111818},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111750,"depth":85,"text":111751},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110447,"description":111821},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111828,"title":111829,"body":111830,"description":113893,"extension":1927,"meta":113894,"navigation":81,"path":107680,"seo":113895,"stem":113896,"__hash__":113897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111831,"toc":113852},[111832,111837,111842,111845,111858,111860,111942,111947,111952,111956,111968,111971,111975,111977,112004,112006,112017,112020,112089,112091,112097,112100,112110,112112,112201,112206,112208,112215,112218,112220,112223,112343,112345,112414,112417,112434,112439,112442,112558,112560,112589,112592,112598,112603,112607,112688,112690,112718,112723,112727,112822,112824,112865,112869,112872,112939,112941,112982,112988,113003,113010,113017,113021,113027,113113,113117,113125,113196,113201,113208,113210,113216,113218,113283,113285,113301,113306,113309,113378,113382,113385,113444,113447,113451,113504,113517,113520,113573,113577,113579,113610,113613,113618,113671,113675,113678,113699,113711,113713,113766,113768,113773,113775,113781,113784,113790,113795,113799,113802,113810,113819,113821,113849],[10,111833,1877,111835,11295],{"id":111834},"python-setunion-method",[61,111836,107993],{},[14,111838,111839,111841],{},[61,111840,107993],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111843,111844],{},"It is useful when you want:",[21,111846,111847,111850,111855],{},[24,111848,111849],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[24,111851,1186,111852,111854],{},[37,111853,100719],{}," as the result",[24,111856,111857],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[49,111859,52],{"id":51},[54,111861,111863],{"className":56,"code":111862,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[61,111864,111865,111885,111905,111909,111927,111937],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111866,111867,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111868,110651],{"class":74},[64,111870,92],{"class":91},[64,111872,1415],{"class":95},[64,111874,100],{"class":99},[64,111876,103],{"class":95},[64,111878,106],{"class":99},[64,111880,103],{"class":95},[64,111882,743],{"class":99},[64,111884,9280],{"class":95},[64,111886,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,111888,110672],{"class":74},[64,111890,92],{"class":91},[64,111892,1415],{"class":95},[64,111894,115],{"class":99},[64,111896,103],{"class":95},[64,111898,120],{"class":99},[64,111900,103],{"class":95},[64,111902,4570],{"class":99},[64,111904,9280],{"class":95},[64,111906,111907],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,111908,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,111910,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,111912,2194],{"class":74},[64,111914,92],{"class":91},[64,111916,110701],{"class":74},[64,111918,137],{"class":95},[64,111920,111219],{"class":140},[64,111922,144],{"class":95},[64,111924,100544],{"class":140},[64,111926,150],{"class":95},[64,111928,111929,111931,111933,111935],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,111930,212],{"class":211},[64,111932,144],{"class":95},[64,111934,2229],{"class":140},[64,111936,150],{"class":95},[64,111938,111939],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,111940,111941],{"class":222},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111943,111944,111946],{},[61,111945,102749],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[49,111948,3639,111950,3642],{"id":111949},"what-setunion-does",[61,111951,107993],{},[14,111953,111954,1117],{},[61,111955,107993],{},[21,111957,111958,111961,111964,111966],{},[24,111959,111960],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[24,111962,111963],{},"keeps only unique values",[24,111965,110581],{},[24,111967,110590],{},[14,111969,111970],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111972,96275,111973,137],{},[543,111974,96279],{"href":97450},[49,111976,2120],{"id":2119},[54,111978,111980],{"className":56,"code":111979,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[61,111981,111982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,111983,111984,111986,111988,111990,111992,111994,111996,111998,112000,112002],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111985,100535],{"class":74},[64,111987,137],{"class":95},[64,111989,111219],{"class":140},[64,111991,144],{"class":95},[64,111993,100544],{"class":140},[64,111995,103],{"class":95},[64,111997,100571],{"class":140},[64,111999,103],{"class":95},[64,112001,34411],{"class":211},[64,112003,150],{"class":95},[14,112005,13017],{},[21,112007,112008,112011,112014],{},[24,112009,112010],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[24,112012,112013],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[24,112015,112016],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112018,112019],{},"Example with two sets:",[54,112021,112023],{"className":56,"code":112022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[61,112024,112025,112041,112057,112061,112079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112026,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112028,1186],{"class":74},[64,112030,92],{"class":91},[64,112032,1415],{"class":95},[64,112034,100],{"class":99},[64,112036,103],{"class":95},[64,112038,106],{"class":99},[64,112040,9280],{"class":95},[64,112042,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112044,1202],{"class":74},[64,112046,92],{"class":91},[64,112048,1415],{"class":95},[64,112050,2021],{"class":99},[64,112052,103],{"class":95},[64,112054,743],{"class":99},[64,112056,9280],{"class":95},[64,112058,112059],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,112060,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112062,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,112064,2194],{"class":74},[64,112066,92],{"class":91},[64,112068,56839],{"class":74},[64,112070,137],{"class":95},[64,112072,111219],{"class":140},[64,112074,144],{"class":95},[64,112076,1235],{"class":140},[64,112078,150],{"class":95},[64,112080,112081,112083,112085,112087],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,112082,212],{"class":211},[64,112084,144],{"class":95},[64,112086,2229],{"class":140},[64,112088,150],{"class":95},[49,112090,21923],{"id":21922},[14,112092,112093,100716,112095,137],{},[61,112094,107993],{},[37,112096,100719],{},[14,112098,112099],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[21,112101,112102,112105],{},[24,112103,112104],{},"the original set",[24,112106,112107,112108],{},"all arguments passed to ",[61,112109,102749],{},[14,112111,318],{},[54,112113,112115],{"className":56,"code":112114,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[61,112116,112117,112133,112149,112153,112171,112175,112188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112118,112119,112121,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112120,1186],{"class":74},[64,112122,92],{"class":91},[64,112124,1415],{"class":95},[64,112126,100],{"class":99},[64,112128,103],{"class":95},[64,112130,106],{"class":99},[64,112132,9280],{"class":95},[64,112134,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143,112145,112147],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112136,1202],{"class":74},[64,112138,92],{"class":91},[64,112140,1415],{"class":95},[64,112142,2021],{"class":99},[64,112144,103],{"class":95},[64,112146,743],{"class":99},[64,112148,9280],{"class":95},[64,112150,112151],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,112152,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112154,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,112156,2194],{"class":74},[64,112158,92],{"class":91},[64,112160,56839],{"class":74},[64,112162,137],{"class":95},[64,112164,111219],{"class":140},[64,112166,144],{"class":95},[64,112168,1235],{"class":140},[64,112170,150],{"class":95},[64,112172,112173],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,112174,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112176,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,112178,212],{"class":211},[64,112180,144],{"class":95},[64,112182,2229],{"class":140},[64,112184,219],{"class":95},[64,112186,112187],{"class":222},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[64,112189,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,112191,212],{"class":211},[64,112193,144],{"class":95},[64,112195,543],{"class":140},[64,112197,219],{"class":95},[64,112199,112200],{"class":222},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112202,2251,112203,112205],{},[61,112204,543],{}," did not change.",[14,112207,110823],{},[21,112209,112210,112212],{},[24,112211,110828],{},[24,112213,112214],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112216,112217],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[49,112219,11449],{"id":11448},[14,112221,112222],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[54,112224,112226],{"className":56,"code":112225,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[61,112227,112228,112261,112294,112298,112318,112322,112332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112229,112230,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112231,112232],{"class":74},"fruits1 ",[64,112234,92],{"class":91},[64,112236,1415],{"class":95},[64,112238,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112240,4043],{"class":1422},[64,112242,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112244,103],{"class":95},[64,112246,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112248,4052],{"class":1422},[64,112250,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112252,103],{"class":95},[64,112254,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112256,33177],{"class":1422},[64,112258,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112260,9280],{"class":95},[64,112262,112263,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112264,112265],{"class":74},"fruits2 ",[64,112267,92],{"class":91},[64,112269,1415],{"class":95},[64,112271,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112273,4052],{"class":1422},[64,112275,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112277,103],{"class":95},[64,112279,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112281,22486],{"class":1422},[64,112283,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112285,103],{"class":95},[64,112287,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112289,33177],{"class":1422},[64,112291,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112293,9280],{"class":95},[64,112295,112296],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,112297,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112299,112300,112302,112304,112307,112309,112311,112313,112316],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,112301,2194],{"class":74},[64,112303,92],{"class":91},[64,112305,112306],{"class":74}," fruits1",[64,112308,137],{"class":95},[64,112310,111219],{"class":140},[64,112312,144],{"class":95},[64,112314,112315],{"class":140},"fruits2",[64,112317,150],{"class":95},[64,112319,112320],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,112321,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112323,112324,112326,112328,112330],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,112325,212],{"class":211},[64,112327,144],{"class":95},[64,112329,2229],{"class":140},[64,112331,150],{"class":95},[64,112333,112334,112336,112338,112341],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,112335,212],{"class":211},[64,112337,144],{"class":95},[64,112339,112340],{"class":140},"fruits1",[64,112342,150],{"class":95},[14,112344,29984],{},[54,112346,112348],{"className":56,"code":112347,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[61,112349,112350,112386],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112351,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112353,9249],{"class":95},[64,112355,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112357,4052],{"class":1422},[64,112359,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112361,103],{"class":95},[64,112363,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112365,33177],{"class":1422},[64,112367,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112369,103],{"class":95},[64,112371,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112373,4043],{"class":1422},[64,112375,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112377,103],{"class":95},[64,112379,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112381,22486],{"class":1422},[64,112383,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112385,9280],{"class":95},[64,112387,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112389,9249],{"class":95},[64,112391,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112393,4052],{"class":1422},[64,112395,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112397,103],{"class":95},[64,112399,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112401,33177],{"class":1422},[64,112403,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112405,103],{"class":95},[64,112407,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112409,4043],{"class":1422},[64,112411,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112413,9280],{"class":95},[14,112415,112416],{},"What this shows:",[21,112418,112419,112426,112429],{},[24,112420,112421,40,112423,112425],{},[61,112422,65224],{},[61,112424,65651],{}," appear in both sets",[24,112427,112428],{},"they appear only once in the result",[24,112430,112431,112433],{},[61,112432,112340],{}," stays unchanged",[49,112435,1654,112437,101108],{"id":112436},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[61,112438,102749],{},[14,112440,112441],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[54,112443,112445],{"className":56,"code":112444,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,112446,112447,112463,112479,112496,112513,112517,112544,112548],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112448,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112450,110651],{"class":74},[64,112452,92],{"class":91},[64,112454,1415],{"class":95},[64,112456,100],{"class":99},[64,112458,103],{"class":95},[64,112460,106],{"class":99},[64,112462,9280],{"class":95},[64,112464,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112466,110672],{"class":74},[64,112468,92],{"class":91},[64,112470,1415],{"class":95},[64,112472,2021],{"class":99},[64,112474,103],{"class":95},[64,112476,743],{"class":99},[64,112478,9280],{"class":95},[64,112480,112481,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,112482,112483],{"class":74},"set3 ",[64,112485,92],{"class":91},[64,112487,1415],{"class":95},[64,112489,115],{"class":99},[64,112491,103],{"class":95},[64,112493,120],{"class":99},[64,112495,9280],{"class":95},[64,112497,112498,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,112499,112500],{"class":74},"set4 ",[64,112502,92],{"class":91},[64,112504,1415],{"class":95},[64,112506,772],{"class":99},[64,112508,103],{"class":95},[64,112510,4570],{"class":99},[64,112512,9280],{"class":95},[64,112514,112515],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,112516,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112518,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112542],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,112520,2194],{"class":74},[64,112522,92],{"class":91},[64,112524,110701],{"class":74},[64,112526,137],{"class":95},[64,112528,111219],{"class":140},[64,112530,144],{"class":95},[64,112532,100544],{"class":140},[64,112534,103],{"class":95},[64,112536,100571],{"class":140},[64,112538,103],{"class":95},[64,112540,112541],{"class":140}," set4",[64,112543,150],{"class":95},[64,112545,112546],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,112547,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112549,112550,112552,112554,112556],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,112551,212],{"class":211},[64,112553,144],{"class":95},[64,112555,2229],{"class":140},[64,112557,150],{"class":95},[14,112559,29984],{},[54,112561,112563],{"className":56,"code":112562,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[61,112564,112565],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112566,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112568,9249],{"class":95},[64,112570,100],{"class":99},[64,112572,103],{"class":95},[64,112574,106],{"class":99},[64,112576,103],{"class":95},[64,112578,743],{"class":99},[64,112580,103],{"class":95},[64,112582,120],{"class":99},[64,112584,103],{"class":95},[64,112586,4570],{"class":99},[64,112588,9280],{"class":95},[14,112590,112591],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[49,112593,1654,112595,112597],{"id":112594},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[61,112596,102749],{}," with other iterables",[14,112599,112600,112602],{},[61,112601,102749],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[816,112604,112606],{"id":112605},"with-a-list","With a list",[54,112608,112610],{"className":56,"code":112609,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[61,112611,112612,112632,112656,112660,112678],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112615,1161],{"class":74},[64,112617,92],{"class":91},[64,112619,1415],{"class":95},[64,112621,100],{"class":99},[64,112623,103],{"class":95},[64,112625,106],{"class":99},[64,112627,103],{"class":95},[64,112629,743],{"class":99},[64,112631,9280],{"class":95},[64,112633,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112635,60996],{"class":74},[64,112637,92],{"class":91},[64,112639,112],{"class":95},[64,112641,115],{"class":99},[64,112643,103],{"class":95},[64,112645,120],{"class":99},[64,112647,103],{"class":95},[64,112649,4570],{"class":99},[64,112651,103],{"class":95},[64,112653,4570],{"class":99},[64,112655,746],{"class":95},[64,112657,112658],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,112659,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112661,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,112663,2194],{"class":74},[64,112665,92],{"class":91},[64,112667,1191],{"class":74},[64,112669,137],{"class":95},[64,112671,111219],{"class":140},[64,112673,144],{"class":95},[64,112675,61025],{"class":140},[64,112677,150],{"class":95},[64,112679,112680,112682,112684,112686],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,112681,212],{"class":211},[64,112683,144],{"class":95},[64,112685,2229],{"class":140},[64,112687,150],{"class":95},[14,112689,29984],{},[54,112691,112692],{"className":56,"code":112562,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,112693,112694],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112695,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112697,9249],{"class":95},[64,112699,100],{"class":99},[64,112701,103],{"class":95},[64,112703,106],{"class":99},[64,112705,103],{"class":95},[64,112707,743],{"class":99},[64,112709,103],{"class":95},[64,112711,120],{"class":99},[64,112713,103],{"class":95},[64,112715,4570],{"class":99},[64,112717,9280],{"class":95},[14,112719,20931,112720,112722],{},[61,112721,385],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[816,112724,112726],{"id":112725},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[54,112728,112730],{"className":56,"code":112729,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[61,112731,112732,112756,112789,112793,112812],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112733,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112735,36048],{"class":74},[64,112737,92],{"class":91},[64,112739,1415],{"class":95},[64,112741,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112743,543],{"class":1422},[64,112745,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112747,103],{"class":95},[64,112749,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112751,1235],{"class":1422},[64,112753,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112755,9280],{"class":95},[64,112757,112758,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112759,112760],{"class":74},"more_letters ",[64,112762,92],{"class":91},[64,112764,9207],{"class":95},[64,112766,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112768,1235],{"class":1422},[64,112770,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112772,103],{"class":95},[64,112774,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112776,9711],{"class":1422},[64,112778,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112780,103],{"class":95},[64,112782,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112784,18721],{"class":1422},[64,112786,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112788,150],{"class":95},[64,112790,112791],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,112792,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112794,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807,112810],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,112796,2194],{"class":74},[64,112798,92],{"class":91},[64,112800,70046],{"class":74},[64,112802,137],{"class":95},[64,112804,111219],{"class":140},[64,112806,144],{"class":95},[64,112808,112809],{"class":140},"more_letters",[64,112811,150],{"class":95},[64,112813,112814,112816,112818,112820],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,112815,212],{"class":211},[64,112817,144],{"class":95},[64,112819,2229],{"class":140},[64,112821,150],{"class":95},[14,112823,29984],{},[54,112825,112827],{"className":56,"code":112826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[61,112828,112829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112830,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112832,9249],{"class":95},[64,112834,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112836,543],{"class":1422},[64,112838,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112840,103],{"class":95},[64,112842,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112844,1235],{"class":1422},[64,112846,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112848,103],{"class":95},[64,112850,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112852,9711],{"class":1422},[64,112854,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112856,103],{"class":95},[64,112858,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112860,18721],{"class":1422},[64,112862,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112864,9280],{"class":95},[816,112866,112868],{"id":112867},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112870,112871],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[54,112873,112875],{"className":56,"code":112874,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,112876,112877,112902,112925,112929],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112878,112879,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112880,112881],{"class":74},"chars ",[64,112883,92],{"class":91},[64,112885,1415],{"class":95},[64,112887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112889,543],{"class":1422},[64,112891,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112893,103],{"class":95},[64,112895,3315],{"class":1418},[64,112897,1235],{"class":1422},[64,112899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112901,9280],{"class":95},[64,112903,112904,112906,112908,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,112905,2194],{"class":74},[64,112907,92],{"class":91},[64,112909,112910],{"class":74}," chars",[64,112912,137],{"class":95},[64,112914,111219],{"class":140},[64,112916,144],{"class":95},[64,112918,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112920,37004],{"class":1422},[64,112922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,112924,150],{"class":95},[64,112926,112927],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,112928,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,112930,112931,112933,112935,112937],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,112932,212],{"class":211},[64,112934,144],{"class":95},[64,112936,2229],{"class":140},[64,112938,150],{"class":95},[14,112940,29984],{},[54,112942,112944],{"className":56,"code":112943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[61,112945,112946],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,112947,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112949,9249],{"class":95},[64,112951,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112953,543],{"class":1422},[64,112955,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112957,103],{"class":95},[64,112959,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112961,1235],{"class":1422},[64,112963,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112965,103],{"class":95},[64,112967,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112969,9711],{"class":1422},[64,112971,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112973,103],{"class":95},[64,112975,3256],{"class":1418},[64,112977,63236],{"class":1422},[64,112979,3261],{"class":1418},[64,112981,9280],{"class":95},[14,112983,22142,112984,112987],{},[61,112985,112986],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[21,112989,112990,112994,112998],{},[24,112991,112992],{},[61,112993,66431],{},[24,112995,112996],{},[61,112997,18049],{},[24,112999,113000],{},[61,113001,113002],{},"\"t\"",[49,113004,113006,10557,113008],{"id":113005},"union-vs-update",[61,113007,102749],{},[61,113009,14908],{},[14,113011,113012,40,113014,113016],{},[61,113013,102749],{},[61,113015,14908],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[816,113018,113019],{"id":111219},[61,113020,102749],{},[21,113022,113023,113025],{},[24,113024,110581],{},[24,113026,110590],{},[54,113028,113029],{"className":56,"code":112114,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,113030,113031,113047,113063,113067,113085,113089,113101],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113032,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113034,1186],{"class":74},[64,113036,92],{"class":91},[64,113038,1415],{"class":95},[64,113040,100],{"class":99},[64,113042,103],{"class":95},[64,113044,106],{"class":99},[64,113046,9280],{"class":95},[64,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113050,1202],{"class":74},[64,113052,92],{"class":91},[64,113054,1415],{"class":95},[64,113056,2021],{"class":99},[64,113058,103],{"class":95},[64,113060,743],{"class":99},[64,113062,9280],{"class":95},[64,113064,113065],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113066,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,113070,2194],{"class":74},[64,113072,92],{"class":91},[64,113074,56839],{"class":74},[64,113076,137],{"class":95},[64,113078,111219],{"class":140},[64,113080,144],{"class":95},[64,113082,1235],{"class":140},[64,113084,150],{"class":95},[64,113086,113087],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,113088,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,113090,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,113092,212],{"class":211},[64,113094,144],{"class":95},[64,113096,2229],{"class":140},[64,113098,219],{"class":95},[64,113100,112187],{"class":222},[64,113102,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,113104,212],{"class":211},[64,113106,144],{"class":95},[64,113108,543],{"class":140},[64,113110,219],{"class":95},[64,113112,112200],{"class":222},[816,113114,113115],{"id":30419},[61,113116,14908],{},[21,113118,113119,113122],{},[24,113120,113121],{},"changes the existing set in place",[24,113123,113124],{},"does not create a separate result set",[54,113126,113128],{"className":56,"code":113127,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,113129,113130,113146,113162,113166,113180,113184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113131,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113133,1186],{"class":74},[64,113135,92],{"class":91},[64,113137,1415],{"class":95},[64,113139,100],{"class":99},[64,113141,103],{"class":95},[64,113143,106],{"class":99},[64,113145,9280],{"class":95},[64,113147,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156,113158,113160],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113149,1202],{"class":74},[64,113151,92],{"class":91},[64,113153,1415],{"class":95},[64,113155,2021],{"class":99},[64,113157,103],{"class":95},[64,113159,743],{"class":99},[64,113161,9280],{"class":95},[64,113163,113164],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113165,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,113167,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,113169,543],{"class":74},[64,113171,137],{"class":95},[64,113173,30419],{"class":140},[64,113175,144],{"class":95},[64,113177,1235],{"class":140},[64,113179,150],{"class":95},[64,113181,113182],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,113183,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,113185,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,113187,212],{"class":211},[64,113189,144],{"class":95},[64,113191,543],{"class":140},[64,113193,219],{"class":95},[64,113195,112187],{"class":222},[14,113197,256,113198,113200],{},[61,113199,102749],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113202,113203,113204,137],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[543,113205,1877,113206,1248],{"href":98470},[61,113207,97265],{},[49,113209,4483],{"id":4482},[816,113211,8423,113213,113215],{"id":113212},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[61,113214,102749],{}," to change the original set",[14,113217,81776],{},[54,113219,113221],{"className":56,"code":113220,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[61,113222,113223,113239,113255,113259,113273],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113224,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113226,1186],{"class":74},[64,113228,92],{"class":91},[64,113230,1415],{"class":95},[64,113232,100],{"class":99},[64,113234,103],{"class":95},[64,113236,106],{"class":99},[64,113238,9280],{"class":95},[64,113240,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113242,1202],{"class":74},[64,113244,92],{"class":91},[64,113246,1415],{"class":95},[64,113248,2021],{"class":99},[64,113250,103],{"class":95},[64,113252,743],{"class":99},[64,113254,9280],{"class":95},[64,113256,113257],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113258,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,113260,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,113262,543],{"class":74},[64,113264,137],{"class":95},[64,113266,111219],{"class":140},[64,113268,144],{"class":95},[64,113270,1235],{"class":140},[64,113272,150],{"class":95},[64,113274,113275,113277,113279,113281],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,113276,212],{"class":211},[64,113278,144],{"class":95},[64,113280,543],{"class":140},[64,113282,150],{"class":95},[14,113284,2035],{},[54,113286,113287],{"className":56,"code":100457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,113288,113289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113290,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113292,9249],{"class":95},[64,113294,100],{"class":99},[64,113296,103],{"class":95},[64,113298,106],{"class":99},[64,113300,9280],{"class":95},[14,113302,8466,113303,113305],{},[61,113304,102749],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113307,113308],{},"Fix it like this:",[54,113310,113312],{"className":56,"code":113311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[61,113313,113314,113330,113346,113350,113368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113315,113316,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113317,1186],{"class":74},[64,113319,92],{"class":91},[64,113321,1415],{"class":95},[64,113323,100],{"class":99},[64,113325,103],{"class":95},[64,113327,106],{"class":99},[64,113329,9280],{"class":95},[64,113331,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113333,1202],{"class":74},[64,113335,92],{"class":91},[64,113337,1415],{"class":95},[64,113339,2021],{"class":99},[64,113341,103],{"class":95},[64,113343,743],{"class":99},[64,113345,9280],{"class":95},[64,113347,113348],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113349,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,113351,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,113353,1186],{"class":74},[64,113355,92],{"class":91},[64,113357,56839],{"class":74},[64,113359,137],{"class":95},[64,113361,111219],{"class":140},[64,113363,144],{"class":95},[64,113365,1235],{"class":140},[64,113367,150],{"class":95},[64,113369,113370,113372,113374,113376],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,113371,212],{"class":211},[64,113373,144],{"class":95},[64,113375,543],{"class":140},[64,113377,150],{"class":95},[816,113379,113381],{"id":113380},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113383,113384],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[54,113386,113388],{"className":56,"code":113387,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[61,113389,113390,113406,113422,113426],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113391,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113393,1186],{"class":74},[64,113395,92],{"class":91},[64,113397,1415],{"class":95},[64,113399,115],{"class":99},[64,113401,103],{"class":95},[64,113403,5465],{"class":99},[64,113405,9280],{"class":95},[64,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113409,1202],{"class":74},[64,113411,92],{"class":91},[64,113413,1415],{"class":95},[64,113415,2021],{"class":99},[64,113417,103],{"class":95},[64,113419,120],{"class":99},[64,113421,9280],{"class":95},[64,113423,113424],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113425,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,113427,113428,113430,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,113429,212],{"class":211},[64,113431,144],{"class":95},[64,113433,543],{"class":140},[64,113435,137],{"class":95},[64,113437,111219],{"class":140},[64,113439,144],{"class":95},[64,113441,1235],{"class":140},[64,113443,1737],{"class":95},[14,113445,113446],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[816,113448,113450],{"id":113449},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[54,113452,113454],{"className":56,"code":113453,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[61,113455,113456,113472,113494],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113457,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113459,4034],{"class":74},[64,113461,92],{"class":91},[64,113463,1415],{"class":95},[64,113465,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113467,58076],{"class":1422},[64,113469,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113471,9280],{"class":95},[64,113473,113474,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113475,2194],{"class":74},[64,113477,92],{"class":91},[64,113479,6137],{"class":74},[64,113481,137],{"class":95},[64,113483,111219],{"class":140},[64,113485,144],{"class":95},[64,113487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113489,37004],{"class":1422},[64,113491,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113493,150],{"class":95},[64,113495,113496,113498,113500,113502],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113497,212],{"class":211},[64,113499,144],{"class":95},[64,113501,2229],{"class":140},[64,113503,150],{"class":95},[14,113505,113506,113507,2153,113509,17025,113511,113513,113514,113516],{},"This adds ",[61,113508,66431],{},[61,113510,18049],{},[61,113512,113002],{}," as separate items, not ",[61,113515,112986],{}," as one item.",[14,113518,113519],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[54,113521,113523],{"className":56,"code":113522,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[61,113524,113525,113541,113563],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113526,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113528,4034],{"class":74},[64,113530,92],{"class":91},[64,113532,1415],{"class":95},[64,113534,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113536,58076],{"class":1422},[64,113538,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113540,9280],{"class":95},[64,113542,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113544,2194],{"class":74},[64,113546,92],{"class":91},[64,113548,6137],{"class":74},[64,113550,137],{"class":95},[64,113552,111219],{"class":140},[64,113554,382],{"class":95},[64,113556,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113558,37004],{"class":1422},[64,113560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,113562,393],{"class":95},[64,113564,113565,113567,113569,113571],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113566,212],{"class":211},[64,113568,144],{"class":95},[64,113570,2229],{"class":140},[64,113572,150],{"class":95},[816,113574,113576],{"id":113575},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113578,2797],{},[54,113580,113582],{"className":56,"code":113581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[61,113583,113584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113585,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113587,15581],{"class":74},[64,113589,92],{"class":91},[64,113591,1415],{"class":95},[64,113593,100],{"class":99},[64,113595,103],{"class":95},[64,113597,106],{"class":99},[64,113599,103],{"class":95},[64,113601,112],{"class":95},[64,113603,115],{"class":99},[64,113605,103],{"class":95},[64,113607,120],{"class":99},[64,113609,1440],{"class":95},[14,113611,113612],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113614,113615,113616,1117],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[61,113617,102749],{},[54,113619,113621],{"className":56,"code":113620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[61,113622,113623,113639,113661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113624,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113626,15581],{"class":74},[64,113628,92],{"class":91},[64,113630,1415],{"class":95},[64,113632,100],{"class":99},[64,113634,103],{"class":95},[64,113636,106],{"class":99},[64,113638,9280],{"class":95},[64,113640,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113642,2194],{"class":74},[64,113644,92],{"class":91},[64,113646,96875],{"class":74},[64,113648,137],{"class":95},[64,113650,111219],{"class":140},[64,113652,382],{"class":95},[64,113654,115],{"class":99},[64,113656,103],{"class":95},[64,113658,120],{"class":99},[64,113660,393],{"class":95},[64,113662,113663,113665,113667,113669],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113664,212],{"class":211},[64,113666,144],{"class":95},[64,113668,2229],{"class":140},[64,113670,150],{"class":95},[49,113672,113674],{"id":113673},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113676,113677],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[21,113679,113680,113686,113693,113696],{},[24,113681,113682,113683,113685],{},"call ",[61,113684,102749],{}," without saving the returned set",[24,113687,113688,113689,8675,113691],{},"confuse ",[61,113690,102749],{},[61,113692,14908],{},[24,113694,113695],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[24,113697,113698],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113700,113701,113702,40,113706,137],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[543,113703,1877,113704,1248],{"href":102738},[61,113705,106523],{},[543,113707,1877,113709,1248],{"href":113708},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[61,113710,100369],{},[14,113712,62244],{},[54,113714,113716],{"className":56,"code":113715,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[61,113717,113718,113728,113742,113752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113719,113720,113722,113724,113726],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113721,212],{"class":211},[64,113723,144],{"class":95},[64,113725,15619],{"class":140},[64,113727,150],{"class":95},[64,113729,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738,113740],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113731,212],{"class":211},[64,113733,144],{"class":95},[64,113735,1779],{"class":1778},[64,113737,144],{"class":95},[64,113739,15619],{"class":140},[64,113741,1737],{"class":95},[64,113743,113744,113746,113748,113750],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113745,212],{"class":211},[64,113747,144],{"class":95},[64,113749,2229],{"class":140},[64,113751,150],{"class":95},[64,113753,113754,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,113755,32108],{"class":211},[64,113757,144],{"class":95},[64,113759,6256],{"class":1778},[64,113761,137],{"class":95},[64,113763,111219],{"class":24704},[64,113765,150],{"class":95},[49,113767,1826],{"id":1825},[816,113769,12670,113771,102689],{"id":113770},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[61,113772,107993],{},[14,113774,102692],{},[816,113776,5135,113778,113780],{"id":113777},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[61,113779,102749],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113782,113783],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[816,113785,28282,113787,113789],{"id":113786},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[61,113788,102749],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113791,42111,113792,113794],{},[61,113793,102749],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[816,113796,113798],{"id":113797},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113800,113801],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[816,113803,5145,113805,40,113807,2456],{"id":113804},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[61,113806,102749],{},[61,113808,113809],{},"|",[14,113811,113812,113813,113815,113816,113818],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[61,113814,113809],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[61,113817,102749],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[49,113820,1865],{"id":1864},[21,113822,113823,113827,113833,113839,113845],{},[24,113824,113825],{},[543,113826,96279],{"href":97450},[24,113828,113829],{},[543,113830,1877,113831,1248],{"href":98470},[61,113832,97265],{},[24,113834,113835],{},[543,113836,1877,113837,1248],{"href":102738},[61,113838,106523],{},[24,113840,113841],{},[543,113842,1877,113843,1248],{"href":113708},[61,113844,100369],{},[24,113846,113847],{},[543,113848,100294],{"href":99028},[1898,113850,113851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":113853},[113854,113855,113857,113858,113859,113860,113862,113868,113873,113880,113881,113892],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":111949,"depth":78,"text":113856},"What set.union() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":21922,"depth":78,"text":21923},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":112436,"depth":78,"text":113861},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112594,"depth":78,"text":113863,"children":113864},"Using union() with other iterables",[113865,113866,113867],{"id":112605,"depth":85,"text":112606},{"id":112725,"depth":85,"text":112726},{"id":112867,"depth":85,"text":112868},{"id":113005,"depth":78,"text":113869,"children":113870},"union() vs update()",[113871,113872],{"id":111219,"depth":85,"text":102749},{"id":30419,"depth":85,"text":14908},{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":113874},[113875,113877,113878,113879],{"id":113212,"depth":85,"text":113876},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113380,"depth":85,"text":113381},{"id":113449,"depth":85,"text":113450},{"id":113575,"depth":85,"text":113576},{"id":113673,"depth":78,"text":113674},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":113882},[113883,113885,113887,113889,113890],{"id":113770,"depth":85,"text":113884},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113777,"depth":85,"text":113886},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113786,"depth":85,"text":113888},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113797,"depth":85,"text":113798},{"id":113804,"depth":85,"text":113891},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111829,"description":113893},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113899,"title":113900,"body":113901,"description":115790,"extension":1927,"meta":115791,"navigation":81,"path":96764,"seo":115792,"stem":115793,"__hash__":115794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113902,"toc":115756},[113903,113908,113913,113921,113923,113981,113986,113991,113995,114007,114010,114084,114089,114091,114093,114112,114114,114131,114134,114161,114163,114233,114237,114239,114245,114247,114308,114313,114315,114372,114376,114381,114446,114448,114468,114475,114479,114484,114569,114572,114579,114682,114686,114691,114749,114752,114763,114777,114784,114842,114849,114852,114862,114866,114924,114928,114994,114997,115055,115062,115069,115072,115076,115085,115154,115158,115164,115252,115262,115266,115270,115274,115277,115338,115343,115400,115404,115406,115441,115448,115450,115504,115511,115515,115518,115583,115592,115598,115655,115657,115662,115666,115670,115673,115680,115688,115692,115697,115701,115707,115709,115744,115753],[10,113904,96151,113906,11295],{"id":113905},"python-set-update-method",[61,113907,14908],{},[14,113909,113910,113912],{},[61,113911,97265],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113914,113915,113916,113920],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[543,113917,113918],{"href":98451},[61,113919,96159],{},", which adds only one item.",[49,113922,3572],{"id":3571},[54,113924,113926],{"className":56,"code":113925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[61,113927,113928,113944,113966,113976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,113929,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113931,1161],{"class":74},[64,113933,92],{"class":91},[64,113935,1415],{"class":95},[64,113937,100],{"class":99},[64,113939,103],{"class":95},[64,113941,106],{"class":99},[64,113943,9280],{"class":95},[64,113945,113946,113948,113950,113952,113954,113956,113958,113960,113962,113964],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,113947,3611],{"class":74},[64,113949,137],{"class":95},[64,113951,30419],{"class":140},[64,113953,382],{"class":95},[64,113955,2021],{"class":99},[64,113957,103],{"class":95},[64,113959,743],{"class":99},[64,113961,103],{"class":95},[64,113963,120],{"class":99},[64,113965,393],{"class":95},[64,113967,113968,113970,113972,113974],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,113969,212],{"class":211},[64,113971,144],{"class":95},[64,113973,3611],{"class":140},[64,113975,150],{"class":95},[64,113977,113978],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,113979,113980],{"class":222},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113982,256,113983,113985],{},[61,113984,14908],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[49,113987,3639,113989,3642],{"id":113988},"what-setupdate-does",[61,113990,97265],{},[14,113992,113993,1117],{},[61,113994,97265],{},[21,113996,113997,114000,114002,114005],{},[24,113998,113999],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[24,114001,96266],{},[24,114003,114004],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[24,114006,96269],{},[14,114008,114009],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[54,114011,114013],{"className":56,"code":114012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[61,114014,114015,114039,114065,114069,114079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114016,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114018,13041],{"class":74},[64,114020,92],{"class":91},[64,114022,1415],{"class":95},[64,114024,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114026,13058],{"class":1422},[64,114028,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114030,103],{"class":95},[64,114032,3315],{"class":1418},[64,114034,13075],{"class":1422},[64,114036,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114038,9280],{"class":95},[64,114040,114041,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114042,17456],{"class":74},[64,114044,137],{"class":95},[64,114046,30419],{"class":140},[64,114048,382],{"class":95},[64,114050,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114052,13075],{"class":1422},[64,114054,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114056,103],{"class":95},[64,114058,3315],{"class":1418},[64,114060,17409],{"class":1422},[64,114062,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114064,393],{"class":95},[64,114066,114067],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114068,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114070,114071,114073,114075,114077],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114072,212],{"class":211},[64,114074,144],{"class":95},[64,114076,17456],{"class":140},[64,114078,150],{"class":95},[64,114080,114081],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114082,114083],{"class":222},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114085,20931,114086,114088],{},[61,114087,110984],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[49,114090,2120],{"id":2119},[14,114092,7186],{},[54,114094,114096],{"className":56,"code":114095,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[61,114097,114098],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114099,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114101,15619],{"class":74},[64,114103,137],{"class":95},[64,114105,30419],{"class":140},[64,114107,144],{"class":95},[64,114109,3683],{"class":140},[64,114111,150],{"class":95},[14,114113,80152],{},[21,114115,114116,114119,114122,114125,114128],{},[24,114117,114118],{},"A list",[24,114120,114121],{},"A tuple",[24,114123,114124],{},"Another set",[24,114126,114127],{},"A string",[24,114129,114130],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114132,114133],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[54,114135,114137],{"className":56,"code":114136,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[61,114138,114139],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114140,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157,114159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114142,15619],{"class":74},[64,114144,137],{"class":95},[64,114146,30419],{"class":140},[64,114148,144],{"class":95},[64,114150,543],{"class":140},[64,114152,103],{"class":95},[64,114154,2522],{"class":140},[64,114156,103],{"class":95},[64,114158,9653],{"class":140},[64,114160,150],{"class":95},[14,114162,318],{},[54,114164,114166],{"className":56,"code":114165,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[61,114167,114168,114180,114214,114218,114228],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114171,3786],{"class":74},[64,114173,92],{"class":91},[64,114175,1415],{"class":95},[64,114177,100],{"class":99},[64,114179,9280],{"class":95},[64,114181,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114183,5325],{"class":74},[64,114185,137],{"class":95},[64,114187,30419],{"class":140},[64,114189,382],{"class":95},[64,114191,2021],{"class":99},[64,114193,103],{"class":95},[64,114195,743],{"class":99},[64,114197,109],{"class":95},[64,114199,9207],{"class":95},[64,114201,772],{"class":99},[64,114203,103],{"class":95},[64,114205,4570],{"class":99},[64,114207,1727],{"class":95},[64,114209,1415],{"class":95},[64,114211,80543],{"class":99},[64,114213,30451],{"class":95},[64,114215,114216],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114217,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114219,114220,114222,114224,114226],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114221,212],{"class":211},[64,114223,144],{"class":95},[64,114225,5325],{"class":140},[64,114227,150],{"class":95},[64,114229,114230],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114231,114232],{"class":222},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114234,96275,114235,137],{},[543,114236,96283],{"href":97834},[49,114238,21923],{"id":21922},[14,114240,114241,2361,114243,137],{},[61,114242,97265],{},[61,114244,3741],{},[14,114246,11688],{},[54,114248,114250],{"className":56,"code":114249,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[61,114251,114252,114268,114290,114294,114304],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114253,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114255,1161],{"class":74},[64,114257,92],{"class":91},[64,114259,1415],{"class":95},[64,114261,100],{"class":99},[64,114263,103],{"class":95},[64,114265,106],{"class":99},[64,114267,9280],{"class":95},[64,114269,114270,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114271,2194],{"class":74},[64,114273,92],{"class":91},[64,114275,1191],{"class":74},[64,114277,137],{"class":95},[64,114279,30419],{"class":140},[64,114281,382],{"class":95},[64,114283,115],{"class":99},[64,114285,103],{"class":95},[64,114287,120],{"class":99},[64,114289,393],{"class":95},[64,114291,114292],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114293,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114295,114296,114298,114300,114302],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114297,212],{"class":211},[64,114299,144],{"class":95},[64,114301,2229],{"class":140},[64,114303,150],{"class":95},[64,114305,114306],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114307,61780],{"class":222},[14,114309,114310,114311,137],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[61,114312,2229],{},[14,114314,18922],{},[54,114316,114318],{"className":56,"code":114317,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[61,114319,114320,114336,114354,114358,114368],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114321,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114323,1161],{"class":74},[64,114325,92],{"class":91},[64,114327,1415],{"class":95},[64,114329,100],{"class":99},[64,114331,103],{"class":95},[64,114333,106],{"class":99},[64,114335,9280],{"class":95},[64,114337,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114339,3611],{"class":74},[64,114341,137],{"class":95},[64,114343,30419],{"class":140},[64,114345,382],{"class":95},[64,114347,115],{"class":99},[64,114349,103],{"class":95},[64,114351,120],{"class":99},[64,114353,393],{"class":95},[64,114355,114356],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114357,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114359,114360,114362,114364,114366],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114361,212],{"class":211},[64,114363,144],{"class":95},[64,114365,3611],{"class":140},[64,114367,150],{"class":95},[64,114369,114370],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114371,113980],{"class":222},[49,114373,114375],{"id":114374},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114377,114378,114379,137],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[61,114380,14908],{},[54,114382,114384],{"className":56,"code":114383,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[61,114385,114386,114402,114428,114432,114442],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114387,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114389,1161],{"class":74},[64,114391,92],{"class":91},[64,114393,1415],{"class":95},[64,114395,100],{"class":99},[64,114397,103],{"class":95},[64,114399,106],{"class":99},[64,114401,9280],{"class":95},[64,114403,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416,114418,114420,114422,114424,114426],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114405,3611],{"class":74},[64,114407,137],{"class":95},[64,114409,30419],{"class":140},[64,114411,382],{"class":95},[64,114413,2021],{"class":99},[64,114415,103],{"class":95},[64,114417,743],{"class":99},[64,114419,103],{"class":95},[64,114421,120],{"class":99},[64,114423,103],{"class":95},[64,114425,120],{"class":99},[64,114427,393],{"class":95},[64,114429,114430],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114431,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114433,114434,114436,114438,114440],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114435,212],{"class":211},[64,114437,144],{"class":95},[64,114439,3611],{"class":140},[64,114441,150],{"class":95},[64,114443,114444],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114445,113980],{"class":222},[14,114447,11657],{},[21,114449,114450,114455,114462],{},[24,114451,114452,114454],{},[61,114453,2021],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[24,114456,114457,40,114459,114461],{},[61,114458,115],{},[61,114460,772],{}," are added",[24,114463,114464,114465,114467],{},"The second ",[61,114466,772],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114469,114470,114471,114474],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[543,114472,114473],{"href":99028},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[49,114476,114478],{"id":114477},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114480,7732,114481,114483],{},[61,114482,14908],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[54,114485,114487],{"className":56,"code":114486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[61,114488,114489,114510,114531,114535,114551,114555,114565],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114490,114491,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502,114504,114506,114508],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114492,114493],{"class":74},"set_a ",[64,114495,92],{"class":91},[64,114497,1415],{"class":95},[64,114499,100],{"class":99},[64,114501,103],{"class":95},[64,114503,106],{"class":99},[64,114505,103],{"class":95},[64,114507,743],{"class":99},[64,114509,9280],{"class":95},[64,114511,114512,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114513,114514],{"class":74},"set_b ",[64,114516,92],{"class":91},[64,114518,1415],{"class":95},[64,114520,115],{"class":99},[64,114522,103],{"class":95},[64,114524,120],{"class":99},[64,114526,103],{"class":95},[64,114528,4570],{"class":99},[64,114530,9280],{"class":95},[64,114532,114533],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114534,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114536,114537,114540,114542,114544,114546,114549],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114538,114539],{"class":74},"set_a",[64,114541,137],{"class":95},[64,114543,30419],{"class":140},[64,114545,144],{"class":95},[64,114547,114548],{"class":140},"set_b",[64,114550,150],{"class":95},[64,114552,114553],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114554,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114556,114557,114559,114561,114563],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,114558,212],{"class":211},[64,114560,144],{"class":95},[64,114562,114539],{"class":140},[64,114564,150],{"class":95},[64,114566,114567],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,114568,111941],{"class":222},[14,114570,114571],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114573,114574,114575,137],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[543,114576,114577],{"href":102746},[61,114578,107993],{},[54,114580,114582],{"className":56,"code":114581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,114583,114584,114604,114624,114628,114648,114652,114663,114667,114677],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114585,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114587,114493],{"class":74},[64,114589,92],{"class":91},[64,114591,1415],{"class":95},[64,114593,100],{"class":99},[64,114595,103],{"class":95},[64,114597,106],{"class":99},[64,114599,103],{"class":95},[64,114601,743],{"class":99},[64,114603,9280],{"class":95},[64,114605,114606,114608,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114607,114514],{"class":74},[64,114609,92],{"class":91},[64,114611,1415],{"class":95},[64,114613,115],{"class":99},[64,114615,103],{"class":95},[64,114617,120],{"class":99},[64,114619,103],{"class":95},[64,114621,4570],{"class":99},[64,114623,9280],{"class":95},[64,114625,114626],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114627,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114629,114630,114633,114635,114638,114640,114642,114644,114646],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114631,114632],{"class":74},"combined ",[64,114634,92],{"class":91},[64,114636,114637],{"class":74}," set_a",[64,114639,137],{"class":95},[64,114641,111219],{"class":140},[64,114643,144],{"class":95},[64,114645,114548],{"class":140},[64,114647,150],{"class":95},[64,114649,114650],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114651,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114653,114654,114656,114658,114661],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,114655,212],{"class":211},[64,114657,144],{"class":95},[64,114659,114660],{"class":140},"combined",[64,114662,150],{"class":95},[64,114664,114665],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,114666,111941],{"class":222},[64,114668,114669,114671,114673,114675],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,114670,212],{"class":211},[64,114672,144],{"class":95},[64,114674,114539],{"class":140},[64,114676,150],{"class":95},[64,114678,114679],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,114680,114681],{"class":222},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,114683,114685],{"id":114684},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114687,64689,114688,114690],{},[61,114689,14908],{}," adds each character separately.",[54,114692,114694],{"className":56,"code":114693,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[61,114695,114696,114712,114730,114734,114744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114697,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114699,36048],{"class":74},[64,114701,92],{"class":91},[64,114703,1415],{"class":95},[64,114705,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114707,2137],{"class":1422},[64,114709,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114711,9280],{"class":95},[64,114713,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722,114724,114726,114728],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114715,36101],{"class":74},[64,114717,137],{"class":95},[64,114719,30419],{"class":140},[64,114721,144],{"class":95},[64,114723,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114725,37004],{"class":1422},[64,114727,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114729,150],{"class":95},[64,114731,114732],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114733,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114735,114736,114738,114740,114742],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114737,212],{"class":211},[64,114739,144],{"class":95},[64,114741,36101],{"class":140},[64,114743,150],{"class":95},[64,114745,114746],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114747,114748],{"class":222},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114750,114751],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114753,114754,14015,114757,114759,114760,114762],{},[61,114755,114756],{},"update(\"cat\")",[37,114758,300],{}," add ",[61,114761,112986],{}," as one item. It adds:",[21,114764,114765,114769,114773],{},[24,114766,114767],{},[61,114768,66431],{},[24,114770,114771],{},[61,114772,18049],{},[24,114774,114775],{},[61,114776,113002],{},[14,114778,114779,114780,1117],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[543,114781,114782],{"href":98451},[61,114783,96159],{},[54,114785,114787],{"className":56,"code":114786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[61,114788,114789,114805,114823,114827,114837],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114790,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114792,4034],{"class":74},[64,114794,92],{"class":91},[64,114796,1415],{"class":95},[64,114798,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114800,58076],{"class":1422},[64,114802,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114804,9280],{"class":95},[64,114806,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815,114817,114819,114821],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114808,4078],{"class":74},[64,114810,137],{"class":95},[64,114812,82055],{"class":140},[64,114814,144],{"class":95},[64,114816,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114818,37004],{"class":1422},[64,114820,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114822,150],{"class":95},[64,114824,114825],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114826,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114828,114829,114831,114833,114835],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114830,212],{"class":211},[64,114832,144],{"class":95},[64,114834,4078],{"class":140},[64,114836,150],{"class":95},[64,114838,114839],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114840,114841],{"class":222},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[49,114843,114845,10557,114847],{"id":114844},"update-vs-add",[61,114846,14908],{},[61,114848,96154],{},[14,114850,114851],{},"The difference is simple:",[21,114853,114854,114858],{},[24,114855,114856,96753],{},[61,114857,96154],{},[24,114859,114860,96758],{},[61,114861,14908],{},[14,114863,45998,114864,1117],{},[61,114865,96154],{},[54,114867,114869],{"className":56,"code":114868,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[61,114870,114871,114887,114905,114909,114919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114872,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114874,36196],{"class":74},[64,114876,92],{"class":91},[64,114878,1415],{"class":95},[64,114880,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114882,4043],{"class":1422},[64,114884,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114886,9280],{"class":95},[64,114888,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899,114901,114903],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114890,36248],{"class":74},[64,114892,137],{"class":95},[64,114894,82055],{"class":140},[64,114896,144],{"class":95},[64,114898,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114900,4052],{"class":1422},[64,114902,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114904,150],{"class":95},[64,114906,114907],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114908,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114910,114911,114913,114915,114917],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114912,212],{"class":211},[64,114914,144],{"class":95},[64,114916,36248],{"class":140},[64,114918,150],{"class":95},[64,114920,114921],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114922,114923],{"class":222},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114925,45998,114926,1117],{},[61,114927,14908],{},[54,114929,114931],{"className":56,"code":114930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[61,114932,114933,114949,114975,114979,114989],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,114934,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114936,36196],{"class":74},[64,114938,92],{"class":91},[64,114940,1415],{"class":95},[64,114942,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114944,4043],{"class":1422},[64,114946,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114948,9280],{"class":95},[64,114950,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,114952,36248],{"class":74},[64,114954,137],{"class":95},[64,114956,30419],{"class":140},[64,114958,382],{"class":95},[64,114960,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114962,4052],{"class":1422},[64,114964,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114966,103],{"class":95},[64,114968,3315],{"class":1418},[64,114970,33177],{"class":1422},[64,114972,1419],{"class":1418},[64,114974,393],{"class":95},[64,114976,114977],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,114978,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,114980,114981,114983,114985,114987],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,114982,212],{"class":211},[64,114984,144],{"class":95},[64,114986,36248],{"class":140},[64,114988,150],{"class":95},[64,114990,114991],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,114992,114993],{"class":222},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114995,114996],{},"Important warning with strings:",[54,114998,115000],{"className":56,"code":114999,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[61,115001,115002,115018,115036,115040,115050],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115003,115004,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115005,36196],{"class":74},[64,115007,92],{"class":91},[64,115009,1415],{"class":95},[64,115011,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115013,4043],{"class":1422},[64,115015,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115017,9280],{"class":95},[64,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115021,36248],{"class":74},[64,115023,137],{"class":95},[64,115025,30419],{"class":140},[64,115027,144],{"class":95},[64,115029,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115031,38298],{"class":1422},[64,115033,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115035,150],{"class":95},[64,115037,115038],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115039,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115041,115042,115044,115046,115048],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115043,212],{"class":211},[64,115045,144],{"class":95},[64,115047,36248],{"class":140},[64,115049,150],{"class":95},[64,115051,115052],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115053,115054],{"class":222},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115056,62055,115057,62128,115060,6598],{},[61,115058,115059],{},"\"kiwi\"",[61,115061,96154],{},[49,115063,115065,10557,115067],{"id":115064},"update-vs-union",[61,115066,14908],{},[61,115068,102749],{},[14,115070,115071],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[816,115073,115074],{"id":30419},[61,115075,14908],{},[21,115077,115078,115081],{},[24,115079,115080],{},"Changes the existing set",[24,115082,11397,115083],{},[61,115084,3741],{},[54,115086,115088],{"className":56,"code":115087,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,115089,115090,115106,115122,115126,115140,115150],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115091,115092,115094,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115093,1186],{"class":74},[64,115095,92],{"class":91},[64,115097,1415],{"class":95},[64,115099,100],{"class":99},[64,115101,103],{"class":95},[64,115103,106],{"class":99},[64,115105,9280],{"class":95},[64,115107,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115109,1202],{"class":74},[64,115111,92],{"class":91},[64,115113,1415],{"class":95},[64,115115,2021],{"class":99},[64,115117,103],{"class":95},[64,115119,743],{"class":99},[64,115121,9280],{"class":95},[64,115123,115124],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115125,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115127,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115129,543],{"class":74},[64,115131,137],{"class":95},[64,115133,30419],{"class":140},[64,115135,144],{"class":95},[64,115137,1235],{"class":140},[64,115139,150],{"class":95},[64,115141,115142,115144,115146,115148],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115143,212],{"class":211},[64,115145,144],{"class":95},[64,115147,543],{"class":140},[64,115149,150],{"class":95},[64,115151,115152],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,115153,114681],{"class":222},[816,115155,115156],{"id":111219},[61,115157,102749],{},[21,115159,115160,115162],{},[24,115161,101287],{},[24,115163,101290],{},[54,115165,115167],{"className":56,"code":115166,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[61,115168,115169,115185,115201,115205,115223,115233,115237,115247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115170,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115172,1186],{"class":74},[64,115174,92],{"class":91},[64,115176,1415],{"class":95},[64,115178,100],{"class":99},[64,115180,103],{"class":95},[64,115182,106],{"class":99},[64,115184,9280],{"class":95},[64,115186,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115188,1202],{"class":74},[64,115190,92],{"class":91},[64,115192,1415],{"class":95},[64,115194,2021],{"class":99},[64,115196,103],{"class":95},[64,115198,743],{"class":99},[64,115200,9280],{"class":95},[64,115202,115203],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115204,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115206,115207,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219,115221],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115208,83135],{"class":74},[64,115210,92],{"class":91},[64,115212,56839],{"class":74},[64,115214,137],{"class":95},[64,115216,111219],{"class":140},[64,115218,144],{"class":95},[64,115220,1235],{"class":140},[64,115222,150],{"class":95},[64,115224,115225,115227,115229,115231],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115226,212],{"class":211},[64,115228,144],{"class":95},[64,115230,9711],{"class":140},[64,115232,150],{"class":95},[64,115234,115235],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,115236,114681],{"class":222},[64,115238,115239,115241,115243,115245],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,115240,212],{"class":211},[64,115242,144],{"class":95},[64,115244,543],{"class":140},[64,115246,150],{"class":95},[64,115248,115249],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,115250,115251],{"class":222},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115253,107635,115254,115256,115257,115261],{},[61,115255,14908],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[543,115258,115259],{"href":102746},[61,115260,102749],{}," when you want a new set.",[49,115263,115265],{"id":115264},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115267,10719,115268,137],{},[61,115269,97265],{},[816,115271,115273],{"id":115272},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115275,115276],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[54,115278,115280],{"className":56,"code":115279,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[61,115281,115282,115298,115320,115324,115334],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115283,115284,115286,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115285,15581],{"class":74},[64,115287,92],{"class":91},[64,115289,1415],{"class":95},[64,115291,100],{"class":99},[64,115293,103],{"class":95},[64,115295,106],{"class":99},[64,115297,9280],{"class":95},[64,115299,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312,115314,115316,115318],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115301,2194],{"class":74},[64,115303,92],{"class":91},[64,115305,96875],{"class":74},[64,115307,137],{"class":95},[64,115309,30419],{"class":140},[64,115311,382],{"class":95},[64,115313,115],{"class":99},[64,115315,103],{"class":95},[64,115317,120],{"class":99},[64,115319,393],{"class":95},[64,115321,115322],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115323,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115325,115326,115328,115330,115332],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115327,212],{"class":211},[64,115329,144],{"class":95},[64,115331,2229],{"class":140},[64,115333,150],{"class":95},[64,115335,115336],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115337,61780],{"class":222},[14,115339,115340,115341,1117],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[61,115342,14908],{},[54,115344,115346],{"className":56,"code":115345,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[61,115347,115348,115364,115382,115386,115396],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115349,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115351,15581],{"class":74},[64,115353,92],{"class":91},[64,115355,1415],{"class":95},[64,115357,100],{"class":99},[64,115359,103],{"class":95},[64,115361,106],{"class":99},[64,115363,9280],{"class":95},[64,115365,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115367,15619],{"class":74},[64,115369,137],{"class":95},[64,115371,30419],{"class":140},[64,115373,382],{"class":95},[64,115375,115],{"class":99},[64,115377,103],{"class":95},[64,115379,120],{"class":99},[64,115381,393],{"class":95},[64,115383,115384],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115385,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115387,115388,115390,115392,115394],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115389,212],{"class":211},[64,115391,144],{"class":95},[64,115393,15619],{"class":140},[64,115395,150],{"class":95},[64,115397,115398],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115399,113980],{"class":222},[816,115401,115403],{"id":115402},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115405,2797],{},[54,115407,115409],{"className":56,"code":115408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[61,115410,115411,115427],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115412,115413,115415,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115414,15581],{"class":74},[64,115416,92],{"class":91},[64,115418,1415],{"class":95},[64,115420,100],{"class":99},[64,115422,103],{"class":95},[64,115424,106],{"class":99},[64,115426,9280],{"class":95},[64,115428,115429,115431,115433,115435,115437,115439],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115430,15619],{"class":74},[64,115432,137],{"class":95},[64,115434,30419],{"class":140},[64,115436,144],{"class":95},[64,115438,385],{"class":99},[64,115440,150],{"class":95},[14,115442,62234,115443,8572,115445,115447],{},[61,115444,2964],{},[61,115446,385],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115449,6521],{},[54,115451,115453],{"className":56,"code":115452,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[61,115454,115455,115471,115485,115489,115499],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115456,115457,115459,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115458,15581],{"class":74},[64,115460,92],{"class":91},[64,115462,1415],{"class":95},[64,115464,100],{"class":99},[64,115466,103],{"class":95},[64,115468,106],{"class":99},[64,115470,9280],{"class":95},[64,115472,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115474,15619],{"class":74},[64,115476,137],{"class":95},[64,115478,30419],{"class":140},[64,115480,382],{"class":95},[64,115482,385],{"class":99},[64,115484,393],{"class":95},[64,115486,115487],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115488,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115490,115491,115493,115495,115497],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115492,212],{"class":211},[64,115494,144],{"class":95},[64,115496,15619],{"class":140},[64,115498,150],{"class":95},[64,115500,115501],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115502,115503],{"class":222},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115505,45871,115506,137],{},[543,115507,25634,115508],{"href":52559},[61,115509,115510],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[816,115512,115514],{"id":115513},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115516,115517],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[54,115519,115521],{"className":56,"code":115520,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[61,115522,115523,115539,115565,115569,115579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115524,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533,115535,115537],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115526,15581],{"class":74},[64,115528,92],{"class":91},[64,115530,1415],{"class":95},[64,115532,100],{"class":99},[64,115534,103],{"class":95},[64,115536,106],{"class":99},[64,115538,9280],{"class":95},[64,115540,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561,115563],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115542,15619],{"class":74},[64,115544,137],{"class":95},[64,115546,30419],{"class":140},[64,115548,382],{"class":95},[64,115550,2021],{"class":99},[64,115552,103],{"class":95},[64,115554,106],{"class":99},[64,115556,103],{"class":95},[64,115558,106],{"class":99},[64,115560,103],{"class":95},[64,115562,743],{"class":99},[64,115564,393],{"class":95},[64,115566,115567],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115568,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115570,115571,115573,115575,115577],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115572,212],{"class":211},[64,115574,144],{"class":95},[64,115576,15619],{"class":140},[64,115578,150],{"class":95},[64,115580,115581],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115582,114681],{"class":222},[816,115584,115586,115587,44587,115589,115591],{"id":115585},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[61,115588,14908],{},[61,115590,96154],{}," is better",[14,115593,115594,115595,115597],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[61,115596,96154],{}," is usually the better choice.",[54,115599,115601],{"className":56,"code":115600,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[61,115602,115603,115619,115637,115641,115651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115604,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115606,15581],{"class":74},[64,115608,92],{"class":91},[64,115610,1415],{"class":95},[64,115612,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115614,58076],{"class":1422},[64,115616,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115618,9280],{"class":95},[64,115620,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115622,15619],{"class":74},[64,115624,137],{"class":95},[64,115626,82055],{"class":140},[64,115628,144],{"class":95},[64,115630,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115632,37004],{"class":1422},[64,115634,1419],{"class":1418},[64,115636,150],{"class":95},[64,115638,115639],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115640,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115642,115643,115645,115647,115649],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115644,212],{"class":211},[64,115646,144],{"class":95},[64,115648,15619],{"class":140},[64,115650,150],{"class":95},[64,115652,115653],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115654,114841],{"class":222},[49,115656,1826],{"id":1825},[816,115658,12670,115660,97244],{"id":115659},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[61,115661,97265],{},[14,115663,97247,115664,137],{},[61,115665,3741],{},[816,115667,28282,115668,32182],{"id":32179},[61,115669,14908],{},[14,115671,115672],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[816,115674,5145,115676,40,115678,2456],{"id":115675},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[61,115677,96154],{},[61,115679,14908],{},[14,115681,115682,115684,115685,115687],{},[61,115683,96154],{}," adds one item. ",[61,115686,14908],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[816,115689,115691],{"id":115690},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115693,115694,115695,114690],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[61,115696,14908],{},[816,115698,115700],{"id":115699},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115702,256,115703,11064,115705,137],{},[61,115704,102749],{},[61,115706,14908],{},[49,115708,1865],{"id":1864},[21,115710,115711,115718,115725,115731,115737],{},[24,115712,115713],{},[543,115714,115715],{"href":98451},[61,115716,115717],{},"Python set add() method",[24,115719,115720],{},[543,115721,115722],{"href":102746},[61,115723,115724],{},"Python set union() method",[24,115726,115727],{},[543,115728,115729],{"href":97834},[61,115730,97289],{},[24,115732,115733],{},[543,115734,115735],{"href":99028},[61,115736,100294],{},[24,115738,115739],{},[543,115740,115741,115743],{"href":52559},[61,115742,115510],{}," fix",[14,115745,115746,115747,115749,115750,115752],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[61,115748,96159],{}," for a single value and ",[61,115751,107993],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1898,115754,115755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":115757},[115758,115759,115761,115762,115763,115764,115765,115766,115768,115773,115780,115789],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":113988,"depth":78,"text":115760},"What set.update() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":21922,"depth":78,"text":21923},{"id":114374,"depth":78,"text":114375},{"id":114477,"depth":78,"text":114478},{"id":114684,"depth":78,"text":114685},{"id":114844,"depth":78,"text":115767},"update() vs add()",{"id":115064,"depth":78,"text":115769,"children":115770},"update() vs union()",[115771,115772],{"id":30419,"depth":85,"text":14908},{"id":111219,"depth":85,"text":102749},{"id":115264,"depth":78,"text":115265,"children":115774},[115775,115776,115777,115778],{"id":115272,"depth":85,"text":115273},{"id":115402,"depth":85,"text":115403},{"id":115513,"depth":85,"text":115514},{"id":115585,"depth":85,"text":115779},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":115781},[115782,115784,115785,115787,115788],{"id":115659,"depth":85,"text":115783},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32179,"depth":85,"text":32252},{"id":115675,"depth":85,"text":115786},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115690,"depth":85,"text":115691},{"id":115699,"depth":85,"text":115700},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113900,"description":115790},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":115796,"description":1926,"extension":1927,"meta":117395,"navigation":81,"path":1929,"seo":117396,"stem":1931,"__hash__":1932},{"type":7,"value":115797,"toc":117370},[115798,115800,115802,115804,115812,115818,115820,115822,115960,115968,115970,115982,115984,115990,115992,116000,116002,116096,116100,116102,116196,116202,116206,116208,116212,116214,116222,116224,116332,116338,116340,116342,116344,116356,116360,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116506,116508,116510,116512,116602,116604,116606,116710,116712,116716,116740,116742,116822,116832,116834,116836,116844,116846,116930,116932,116936,116938,116940,116948,116950,117088,117090,117092,117094,117104,117106,117166,117170,117172,117174,117192,117194,117292,117294,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342,117368],[10,115799,5],{"id":12},[14,115801,16],{},[14,115803,19],{},[21,115805,115806,115808,115810],{},[24,115807,26],{},[24,115809,29],{},[24,115811,32],{},[14,115813,35,115814,40,115816,44],{},[37,115815,39],{},[37,115817,43],{},[14,115819,47],{},[49,115821,52],{"id":51},[54,115823,115824],{"className":56,"code":57,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,115825,115826,115832,115836,115862,115880,115898,115902,115920,115924,115936,115948],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,115827,115828,115830],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115829,71],{"class":70},[64,115831,75],{"class":74},[64,115833,115834],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,115835,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115837,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858,115860],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,115839,88],{"class":74},[64,115841,92],{"class":91},[64,115843,96],{"class":95},[64,115845,100],{"class":99},[64,115847,103],{"class":95},[64,115849,106],{"class":99},[64,115851,109],{"class":95},[64,115853,112],{"class":95},[64,115855,115],{"class":99},[64,115857,103],{"class":95},[64,115859,120],{"class":99},[64,115861,123],{"class":95},[64,115863,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,115865,129],{"class":74},[64,115867,92],{"class":91},[64,115869,134],{"class":74},[64,115871,137],{"class":95},[64,115873,141],{"class":140},[64,115875,144],{"class":95},[64,115877,147],{"class":140},[64,115879,150],{"class":95},[64,115881,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,115883,156],{"class":74},[64,115885,92],{"class":91},[64,115887,134],{"class":74},[64,115889,137],{"class":95},[64,115891,165],{"class":140},[64,115893,144],{"class":95},[64,115895,147],{"class":140},[64,115897,150],{"class":95},[64,115899,115900],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,115901,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115903,115904,115906,115908,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,115905,147],{"class":74},[64,115907,184],{"class":95},[64,115909,187],{"class":99},[64,115911,190],{"class":95},[64,115913,193],{"class":140},[64,115915,144],{"class":95},[64,115917,198],{"class":99},[64,115919,150],{"class":95},[64,115921,115922],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,115923,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,115925,115926,115928,115930,115932,115934],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,115927,212],{"class":211},[64,115929,144],{"class":95},[64,115931,147],{"class":140},[64,115933,219],{"class":95},[64,115935,223],{"class":222},[64,115937,115938,115940,115942,115944,115946],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,115939,212],{"class":211},[64,115941,144],{"class":95},[64,115943,233],{"class":140},[64,115945,219],{"class":95},[64,115947,238],{"class":222},[64,115949,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958],{"class":66,"line":241},[64,115951,212],{"class":211},[64,115953,144],{"class":95},[64,115955,248],{"class":140},[64,115957,219],{"class":95},[64,115959,253],{"class":222},[14,115961,256,115962,260,115964,40,115966,266],{},[61,115963,259],{},[37,115965,39],{},[61,115967,265],{},[49,115969,270],{"id":269},[21,115971,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980],{},[24,115973,275],{},[24,115975,278],{},[24,115977,281],{},[24,115979,284],{},[24,115981,287],{},[49,115983,291],{"id":290},[14,115985,294,115986,297,115988,301],{},[37,115987,39],{},[37,115989,300],{},[14,115991,304],{},[21,115993,115994,115996,115998],{},[24,115995,309],{},[24,115997,312],{},[24,115999,315],{},[14,116001,318],{},[54,116003,116004],{"className":56,"code":321,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116005,116006,116032,116046,116050,116068,116072,116084],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116007,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116009,88],{"class":74},[64,116011,92],{"class":91},[64,116013,96],{"class":95},[64,116015,100],{"class":99},[64,116017,103],{"class":95},[64,116019,106],{"class":99},[64,116021,109],{"class":95},[64,116023,112],{"class":95},[64,116025,115],{"class":99},[64,116027,103],{"class":95},[64,116029,120],{"class":99},[64,116031,123],{"class":95},[64,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116035,354],{"class":74},[64,116037,92],{"class":91},[64,116039,359],{"class":74},[64,116041,137],{"class":95},[64,116043,141],{"class":140},[64,116045,366],{"class":95},[64,116047,116048],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116049,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116051,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116053,375],{"class":74},[64,116055,137],{"class":95},[64,116057,193],{"class":140},[64,116059,382],{"class":95},[64,116061,385],{"class":99},[64,116063,103],{"class":95},[64,116065,390],{"class":99},[64,116067,393],{"class":95},[64,116069,116070],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116071,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116073,116074,116076,116078,116080,116082],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,116075,212],{"class":211},[64,116077,144],{"class":95},[64,116079,147],{"class":140},[64,116081,219],{"class":95},[64,116083,410],{"class":222},[64,116085,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,116087,212],{"class":211},[64,116089,144],{"class":95},[64,116091,375],{"class":140},[64,116093,219],{"class":95},[64,116095,423],{"class":222},[14,116097,426,116098,429],{},[61,116099,375],{},[14,116101,432],{},[54,116103,116104],{"className":56,"code":435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116105,116106,116132,116146,116150,116168,116172,116184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116107,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116109,88],{"class":74},[64,116111,92],{"class":91},[64,116113,96],{"class":95},[64,116115,100],{"class":99},[64,116117,103],{"class":95},[64,116119,106],{"class":99},[64,116121,109],{"class":95},[64,116123,112],{"class":95},[64,116125,115],{"class":99},[64,116127,103],{"class":95},[64,116129,120],{"class":99},[64,116131,123],{"class":95},[64,116133,116134,116136,116138,116140,116142,116144],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116135,354],{"class":74},[64,116137,92],{"class":91},[64,116139,359],{"class":74},[64,116141,137],{"class":95},[64,116143,141],{"class":140},[64,116145,366],{"class":95},[64,116147,116148],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116149,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116151,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164,116166],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116153,375],{"class":74},[64,116155,184],{"class":95},[64,116157,187],{"class":99},[64,116159,190],{"class":95},[64,116161,193],{"class":140},[64,116163,144],{"class":95},[64,116165,198],{"class":99},[64,116167,150],{"class":95},[64,116169,116170],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116171,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116173,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,116175,212],{"class":211},[64,116177,144],{"class":95},[64,116179,147],{"class":140},[64,116181,219],{"class":95},[64,116183,223],{"class":222},[64,116185,116186,116188,116190,116192,116194],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,116187,212],{"class":211},[64,116189,144],{"class":95},[64,116191,375],{"class":140},[64,116193,219],{"class":95},[64,116195,528],{"class":222},[14,116197,531,116198,40,116200,538],{},[61,116199,534],{},[61,116201,537],{},[14,116203,541,116204,137],{},[543,116205,546],{"href":545},[49,116207,550],{"id":549},[14,116209,294,116210,555],{},[37,116211,43],{},[14,116213,304],{},[21,116215,116216,116218,116220],{},[24,116217,309],{},[24,116219,564],{},[24,116221,567],{},[14,116223,318],{},[54,116225,116226],{"className":56,"code":572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116227,116228,116234,116238,116264,116282,116286,116304,116308,116320],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116229,116230,116232],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116231,71],{"class":70},[64,116233,75],{"class":74},[64,116235,116236],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116237,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116241,88],{"class":74},[64,116243,92],{"class":91},[64,116245,96],{"class":95},[64,116247,100],{"class":99},[64,116249,103],{"class":95},[64,116251,106],{"class":99},[64,116253,109],{"class":95},[64,116255,112],{"class":95},[64,116257,115],{"class":99},[64,116259,103],{"class":95},[64,116261,120],{"class":99},[64,116263,123],{"class":95},[64,116265,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116267,354],{"class":74},[64,116269,92],{"class":91},[64,116271,134],{"class":74},[64,116273,137],{"class":95},[64,116275,165],{"class":140},[64,116277,144],{"class":95},[64,116279,147],{"class":140},[64,116281,150],{"class":95},[64,116283,116284],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116285,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116287,116288,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,116289,375],{"class":74},[64,116291,184],{"class":95},[64,116293,187],{"class":99},[64,116295,190],{"class":95},[64,116297,193],{"class":140},[64,116299,144],{"class":95},[64,116301,198],{"class":99},[64,116303,150],{"class":95},[64,116305,116306],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,116307,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116309,116310,116312,116314,116316,116318],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,116311,212],{"class":211},[64,116313,144],{"class":95},[64,116315,147],{"class":140},[64,116317,219],{"class":95},[64,116319,410],{"class":222},[64,116321,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,116323,212],{"class":211},[64,116325,144],{"class":95},[64,116327,375],{"class":140},[64,116329,219],{"class":95},[64,116331,528],{"class":222},[14,116333,681,116334,684,116336,137],{},[61,116335,537],{},[61,116337,534],{},[49,116339,690],{"id":689},[14,116341,693],{},[14,116343,696],{},[21,116345,116346,116348,116350,116354],{},[24,116347,701],{},[24,116349,704],{},[24,116351,707,116352,710],{},[61,116353,92],{},[24,116355,713],{},[14,116357,716,116358,719],{},[37,116359,300],{},[54,116361,116362],{"className":56,"code":722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116363,116364,116384,116392,116396,116410,116414,116426],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116365,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116367,88],{"class":74},[64,116369,92],{"class":91},[64,116371,112],{"class":95},[64,116373,100],{"class":99},[64,116375,103],{"class":95},[64,116377,106],{"class":99},[64,116379,103],{"class":95},[64,116381,743],{"class":99},[64,116383,746],{"class":95},[64,116385,116386,116388,116390],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116387,354],{"class":74},[64,116389,92],{"class":91},[64,116391,755],{"class":74},[64,116393,116394],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116395,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116397,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116399,375],{"class":74},[64,116401,137],{"class":95},[64,116403,193],{"class":140},[64,116405,144],{"class":95},[64,116407,772],{"class":99},[64,116409,150],{"class":95},[64,116411,116412],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116413,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116415,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,116417,212],{"class":211},[64,116419,144],{"class":95},[64,116421,147],{"class":140},[64,116423,219],{"class":95},[64,116425,791],{"class":222},[64,116427,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,116429,212],{"class":211},[64,116431,144],{"class":95},[64,116433,375],{"class":140},[64,116435,219],{"class":95},[64,116437,804],{"class":222},[14,116439,807],{},[49,116441,811],{"id":810},[14,116443,814],{},[816,116445,819],{"id":818},[14,116447,822],{},[54,116449,116450],{"className":56,"code":825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116451,116452,116478,116486,116490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116453,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116455,88],{"class":74},[64,116457,92],{"class":91},[64,116459,96],{"class":95},[64,116461,100],{"class":99},[64,116463,103],{"class":95},[64,116465,106],{"class":99},[64,116467,109],{"class":95},[64,116469,112],{"class":95},[64,116471,115],{"class":99},[64,116473,103],{"class":95},[64,116475,120],{"class":99},[64,116477,123],{"class":95},[64,116479,116480,116482,116484],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116481,858],{"class":74},[64,116483,92],{"class":91},[64,116485,755],{"class":74},[64,116487,116488],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116489,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116491,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116493,212],{"class":211},[64,116495,144],{"class":95},[64,116497,88],{"class":140},[64,116499,877],{"class":70},[64,116501,880],{"class":140},[64,116503,219],{"class":95},[64,116505,885],{"class":222},[14,116507,888],{},[816,116509,892],{"id":891},[14,116511,895],{},[54,116513,116514],{"className":56,"code":898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116515,116516,116542,116556,116560,116576],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116517,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116519,88],{"class":74},[64,116521,92],{"class":91},[64,116523,96],{"class":95},[64,116525,100],{"class":99},[64,116527,103],{"class":95},[64,116529,106],{"class":99},[64,116531,109],{"class":95},[64,116533,112],{"class":95},[64,116535,115],{"class":99},[64,116537,103],{"class":95},[64,116539,120],{"class":99},[64,116541,123],{"class":95},[64,116543,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116545,129],{"class":74},[64,116547,92],{"class":91},[64,116549,359],{"class":74},[64,116551,137],{"class":95},[64,116553,141],{"class":140},[64,116555,366],{"class":95},[64,116557,116558],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116559,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116561,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116563,212],{"class":211},[64,116565,144],{"class":95},[64,116567,88],{"class":140},[64,116569,877],{"class":70},[64,116571,957],{"class":140},[64,116573,219],{"class":95},[64,116575,962],{"class":222},[64,116577,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116579,212],{"class":211},[64,116581,144],{"class":95},[64,116583,147],{"class":140},[64,116585,184],{"class":95},[64,116587,187],{"class":99},[64,116589,977],{"class":95},[64,116591,980],{"class":70},[64,116593,957],{"class":140},[64,116595,184],{"class":95},[64,116597,187],{"class":99},[64,116599,989],{"class":95},[64,116601,885],{"class":222},[816,116603,995],{"id":994},[14,116605,998],{},[54,116607,116608],{"className":56,"code":1001,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116609,116610,116616,116620,116646,116664,116668,116684],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116611,116612,116614],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116613,71],{"class":70},[64,116615,75],{"class":74},[64,116617,116618],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116619,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116621,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116623,88],{"class":74},[64,116625,92],{"class":91},[64,116627,96],{"class":95},[64,116629,100],{"class":99},[64,116631,103],{"class":95},[64,116633,106],{"class":99},[64,116635,109],{"class":95},[64,116637,112],{"class":95},[64,116639,115],{"class":99},[64,116641,103],{"class":95},[64,116643,120],{"class":99},[64,116645,123],{"class":95},[64,116647,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116649,156],{"class":74},[64,116651,92],{"class":91},[64,116653,134],{"class":74},[64,116655,137],{"class":95},[64,116657,165],{"class":140},[64,116659,144],{"class":95},[64,116661,147],{"class":140},[64,116663,150],{"class":95},[64,116665,116666],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116667,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116669,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,116671,212],{"class":211},[64,116673,144],{"class":95},[64,116675,88],{"class":140},[64,116677,877],{"class":70},[64,116679,1074],{"class":140},[64,116681,219],{"class":95},[64,116683,1079],{"class":222},[64,116685,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,116687,212],{"class":211},[64,116689,144],{"class":95},[64,116691,147],{"class":140},[64,116693,184],{"class":95},[64,116695,187],{"class":99},[64,116697,977],{"class":95},[64,116699,980],{"class":70},[64,116701,1074],{"class":140},[64,116703,184],{"class":95},[64,116705,187],{"class":99},[64,116707,989],{"class":95},[64,116709,1106],{"class":222},[49,116711,1110],{"id":1109},[14,116713,1113,116714,1117],{},[37,116715,1116],{},[21,116717,116718,116722,116726,116730,116734],{},[24,116719,116720],{},[61,116721,1124],{},[24,116723,116724],{},[61,116725,1129],{},[24,116727,116728],{},[61,116729,1134],{},[24,116731,1137,116732],{},[61,116733,1140],{},[24,116735,116736,1145,116738,1148],{},[61,116737,259],{},[61,116739,141],{},[14,116741,1151],{},[54,116743,116744],{"className":56,"code":1154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116745,116746,116766,116770,116784,116794,116798,116810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116747,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116749,1161],{"class":74},[64,116751,92],{"class":91},[64,116753,112],{"class":95},[64,116755,100],{"class":99},[64,116757,103],{"class":95},[64,116759,106],{"class":99},[64,116761,103],{"class":95},[64,116763,743],{"class":99},[64,116765,746],{"class":95},[64,116767,116768],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116769,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116771,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116773,1186],{"class":74},[64,116775,92],{"class":91},[64,116777,1191],{"class":74},[64,116779,137],{"class":95},[64,116781,141],{"class":140},[64,116783,366],{"class":95},[64,116785,116786,116788,116790,116792],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116787,1202],{"class":74},[64,116789,92],{"class":91},[64,116791,1191],{"class":74},[64,116793,1209],{"class":95},[64,116795,116796],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116797,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116799,116800,116802,116804,116806,116808],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,116801,212],{"class":211},[64,116803,144],{"class":95},[64,116805,543],{"class":140},[64,116807,219],{"class":95},[64,116809,1226],{"class":222},[64,116811,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,116813,212],{"class":211},[64,116815,144],{"class":95},[64,116817,1235],{"class":140},[64,116819,219],{"class":95},[64,116821,1226],{"class":222},[14,116823,1242,116824,1249,116828,137],{},[543,116825,116826,1248],{"href":1245},[61,116827,1124],{},[543,116829,116830,1248],{"href":1252},[61,116831,1129],{},[49,116833,1258],{"id":1257},[14,116835,1261],{},[21,116837,116838,116840,116842],{},[24,116839,1266],{},[24,116841,1269],{},[24,116843,1272],{},[14,116845,1275],{},[54,116847,116848],{"className":56,"code":1278,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116849,116850,116870,116884,116888,116902,116906,116918],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116851,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862,116864,116866,116868],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116853,88],{"class":74},[64,116855,92],{"class":91},[64,116857,112],{"class":95},[64,116859,100],{"class":99},[64,116861,103],{"class":95},[64,116863,106],{"class":99},[64,116865,103],{"class":95},[64,116867,743],{"class":99},[64,116869,746],{"class":95},[64,116871,116872,116874,116876,116878,116880,116882],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116873,354],{"class":74},[64,116875,92],{"class":91},[64,116877,359],{"class":74},[64,116879,137],{"class":95},[64,116881,141],{"class":140},[64,116883,366],{"class":95},[64,116885,116886],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116887,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116889,116890,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116891,375],{"class":74},[64,116893,137],{"class":95},[64,116895,193],{"class":140},[64,116897,144],{"class":95},[64,116899,772],{"class":99},[64,116901,150],{"class":95},[64,116903,116904],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,116905,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116907,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,116909,212],{"class":211},[64,116911,144],{"class":95},[64,116913,147],{"class":140},[64,116915,219],{"class":95},[64,116917,1226],{"class":222},[64,116919,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,116921,212],{"class":211},[64,116923,144],{"class":95},[64,116925,375],{"class":140},[64,116927,219],{"class":95},[64,116929,804],{"class":222},[14,116931,1363],{},[14,116933,1366,116934,137],{},[543,116935,1370],{"href":1369},[49,116937,1374],{"id":1373},[14,116939,1377],{},[21,116941,116942,116944,116946],{},[24,116943,1382],{},[24,116945,1385],{},[24,116947,1388],{},[14,116949,1391],{},[54,116951,116952],{"className":56,"code":1394,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,116953,116954,116960,116964,116990,117004,117022,117026,117048,117052,117064,117076],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,116955,116956,116958],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116957,71],{"class":70},[64,116959,75],{"class":74},[64,116961,116962],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,116963,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,116965,116966,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,116967,88],{"class":74},[64,116969,92],{"class":91},[64,116971,1415],{"class":95},[64,116973,1419],{"class":1418},[64,116975,1423],{"class":1422},[64,116977,1419],{"class":1418},[64,116979,1117],{"class":95},[64,116981,112],{"class":95},[64,116983,1432],{"class":99},[64,116985,103],{"class":95},[64,116987,1437],{"class":99},[64,116989,1440],{"class":95},[64,116991,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,116993,129],{"class":74},[64,116995,92],{"class":91},[64,116997,359],{"class":74},[64,116999,137],{"class":95},[64,117001,141],{"class":140},[64,117003,366],{"class":95},[64,117005,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,117007,156],{"class":74},[64,117009,92],{"class":91},[64,117011,134],{"class":74},[64,117013,137],{"class":95},[64,117015,165],{"class":140},[64,117017,144],{"class":95},[64,117019,147],{"class":140},[64,117021,150],{"class":95},[64,117023,117024],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,117025,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,117027,117028,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,117029,147],{"class":74},[64,117031,184],{"class":95},[64,117033,1419],{"class":1418},[64,117035,1423],{"class":1422},[64,117037,1419],{"class":1418},[64,117039,190],{"class":95},[64,117041,193],{"class":140},[64,117043,144],{"class":95},[64,117045,1497],{"class":99},[64,117047,150],{"class":95},[64,117049,117050],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,117051,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,117053,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,117055,212],{"class":211},[64,117057,144],{"class":95},[64,117059,147],{"class":140},[64,117061,219],{"class":95},[64,117063,1516],{"class":222},[64,117065,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074],{"class":66,"line":226},[64,117067,212],{"class":211},[64,117069,144],{"class":95},[64,117071,233],{"class":140},[64,117073,219],{"class":95},[64,117075,1529],{"class":222},[64,117077,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086],{"class":66,"line":241},[64,117079,212],{"class":211},[64,117081,144],{"class":95},[64,117083,248],{"class":140},[64,117085,219],{"class":95},[64,117087,1542],{"class":222},[14,117089,1545],{},[49,117091,1549],{"id":1548},[14,117093,1552],{},[21,117095,117096,117098,117100,117102],{},[24,117097,1557],{},[24,117099,1560],{},[24,117101,1563],{},[24,117103,1566],{},[14,117105,1569],{},[54,117107,117108],{"className":56,"code":1572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,117109,117110,117118,117126,117130,117138,117142,117154],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117111,117112,117114,117116],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117113,1186],{"class":74},[64,117115,92],{"class":91},[64,117117,1583],{"class":99},[64,117119,117120,117122,117124],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117121,1202],{"class":74},[64,117123,92],{"class":91},[64,117125,1592],{"class":74},[64,117127,117128],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,117129,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,117131,117132,117134,117136],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,117133,1202],{"class":74},[64,117135,92],{"class":91},[64,117137,1605],{"class":99},[64,117139,117140],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,117141,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,117143,117144,117146,117148,117150,117152],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,117145,212],{"class":211},[64,117147,144],{"class":95},[64,117149,543],{"class":140},[64,117151,219],{"class":95},[64,117153,1622],{"class":222},[64,117155,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,117157,212],{"class":211},[64,117159,144],{"class":95},[64,117161,1235],{"class":140},[64,117163,219],{"class":95},[64,117165,1635],{"class":222},[14,117167,1638,117168,1642],{},[543,117169,1641],{"href":545},[49,117171,1646],{"id":1645},[14,117173,1649],{},[21,117175,117176,117180,117184,117188,117190],{},[24,117177,1654,117178,1657],{},[61,117179,92],{},[24,117181,1654,117182,1662],{},[61,117183,1124],{},[24,117185,1654,117186,1667],{},[61,117187,1129],{},[24,117189,1670],{},[24,117191,1673],{},[14,117193,1676],{},[54,117195,117196],{"className":56,"code":1679,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,117197,117198,117212,117226,117248,117278],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117199,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208,117210],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117201,212],{"class":211},[64,117203,144],{"class":95},[64,117205,88],{"class":140},[64,117207,877],{"class":70},[64,117209,1694],{"class":140},[64,117211,150],{"class":95},[64,117213,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117215,212],{"class":211},[64,117217,144],{"class":95},[64,117219,88],{"class":140},[64,117221,1707],{"class":91},[64,117223,1694],{"class":140},[64,117225,150],{"class":95},[64,117227,117228,117230,117232,117234,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244,117246],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,117229,212],{"class":211},[64,117231,144],{"class":95},[64,117233,1720],{"class":211},[64,117235,144],{"class":95},[64,117237,147],{"class":140},[64,117239,1727],{"class":95},[64,117241,1730],{"class":211},[64,117243,144],{"class":95},[64,117245,375],{"class":140},[64,117247,1737],{"class":95},[64,117249,117250,117252,117254,117256,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,117251,212],{"class":211},[64,117253,144],{"class":95},[64,117255,1720],{"class":211},[64,117257,144],{"class":95},[64,117259,147],{"class":140},[64,117261,184],{"class":95},[64,117263,187],{"class":99},[64,117265,1756],{"class":95},[64,117267,1730],{"class":211},[64,117269,144],{"class":95},[64,117271,375],{"class":140},[64,117273,184],{"class":95},[64,117275,187],{"class":99},[64,117277,1769],{"class":95},[64,117279,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,117281,212],{"class":211},[64,117283,144],{"class":95},[64,117285,1779],{"class":1778},[64,117287,144],{"class":95},[64,117289,147],{"class":140},[64,117291,1737],{"class":95},[14,117293,1788],{},[21,117295,117296,117300,117304,117308,117314],{},[24,117297,117298,1795],{},[61,117299,877],{},[24,117301,117302,1800],{},[61,117303,1707],{},[24,117305,117306,1806],{},[61,117307,1805],{},[24,117309,1809,117310,40,117312,1816],{},[61,117311,1812],{},[61,117313,1815],{},[24,117315,117316,1822],{},[61,117317,1821],{},[49,117319,1826],{"id":1825},[816,117321,1830],{"id":1829},[14,117323,1833],{},[816,117325,1837],{"id":1836},[14,117327,1840],{},[816,117329,1844],{"id":1843},[14,117331,1847],{},[816,117333,1851],{"id":1850},[14,117335,1854],{},[816,117337,1858],{"id":1857},[14,117339,1861],{},[49,117341,1865],{"id":1864},[21,117343,117344,117348,117354,117360,117364],{},[24,117345,117346],{},[543,117347,1872],{"href":545},[24,117349,117350],{},[543,117351,1877,117352,1248],{"href":1245},[61,117353,1124],{},[24,117355,117356],{},[543,117357,1877,117358,1248],{"href":1252},[61,117359,1129],{},[24,117361,117362],{},[543,117363,1890],{"href":1369},[24,117365,117366],{},[543,117367,1896],{"href":1895},[1898,117369,1900],{},{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":117371},[117372,117373,117374,117375,117376,117377,117382,117383,117384,117385,117386,117387,117394],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":269,"depth":78,"text":270},{"id":290,"depth":78,"text":291},{"id":549,"depth":78,"text":550},{"id":689,"depth":78,"text":690},{"id":810,"depth":78,"text":811,"children":117378},[117379,117380,117381],{"id":818,"depth":85,"text":819},{"id":891,"depth":85,"text":892},{"id":994,"depth":85,"text":995},{"id":1109,"depth":78,"text":1110},{"id":1257,"depth":78,"text":1258},{"id":1373,"depth":78,"text":1374},{"id":1548,"depth":78,"text":1549},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":117388},[117389,117390,117391,117392,117393],{"id":1829,"depth":85,"text":1830},{"id":1836,"depth":85,"text":1837},{"id":1843,"depth":85,"text":1844},{"id":1850,"depth":85,"text":1851},{"id":1857,"depth":85,"text":1858},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},{},{"title":5,"description":1926},{"id":117398,"title":117399,"body":117400,"description":119257,"extension":1927,"meta":119258,"navigation":81,"path":119259,"seo":119260,"stem":119261,"__hash__":119262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117401,"toc":119215},[117402,117407,117412,117420,117422,117490,117495,117500,117515,117518,117520,117551,117553,117573,117576,117591,117593,117596,117669,117671,117716,117718,117729,117734,117738,117743,117746,117785,117787,117807,117810,117867,117869,117904,117907,117946,117948,117968,117971,118002,118004,118060,118062,118067,118138,118140,118173,118178,118183,118248,118250,118287,118290,118367,118369,118429,118436,118441,118444,118447,118528,118530,118571,118576,118579,118657,118659,118692,118701,118708,118711,118722,118725,118736,118740,118748,118757,118761,118766,118770,118775,118818,118821,118827,118830,118832,118879,118884,118888,118891,118940,118942,118963,118966,118968,118993,118996,119117,119122,119124,119129,119132,119137,119140,119148,119153,119160,119163,119171,119174,119176,119212],[10,117403,1877,117405,3542],{"id":117404},"python-sorted-function-explained",[61,117406,74373],{},[14,117408,117409,117411],{},[61,117410,74373],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117413,117414,117415,2153,117417,117419],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[61,117416,77816],{},[61,117418,74373],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[49,117421,3572],{"id":3571},[54,117423,117425],{"className":56,"code":117424,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[61,117426,117427,117447,117461,117465,117477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117428,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117430,1161],{"class":74},[64,117432,92],{"class":91},[64,117434,112],{"class":95},[64,117436,115],{"class":99},[64,117438,103],{"class":95},[64,117440,5465],{"class":99},[64,117442,103],{"class":95},[64,117444,106],{"class":99},[64,117446,746],{"class":95},[64,117448,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117450,2194],{"class":74},[64,117452,92],{"class":91},[64,117454,74507],{"class":211},[64,117456,144],{"class":95},[64,117458,3611],{"class":140},[64,117460,150],{"class":95},[64,117462,117463],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,117464,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,117466,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,117468,212],{"class":211},[64,117470,144],{"class":95},[64,117472,2229],{"class":140},[64,117474,219],{"class":95},[64,117476,55644],{"class":222},[64,117478,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,117480,212],{"class":211},[64,117482,144],{"class":95},[64,117484,3611],{"class":140},[64,117486,219],{"class":95},[64,117488,117489],{"class":222},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117491,117492,117494],{},[61,117493,74373],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[49,117496,3639,117498,3642],{"id":117497},"what-sorted-does",[61,117499,74373],{},[21,117501,117502,117506,117509,117512],{},[24,117503,117504,62875],{},[61,117505,74373],{},[24,117507,117508],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[24,117510,117511],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[24,117513,117514],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117516,117517],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[49,117519,2120],{"id":2119},[54,117521,117523],{"className":56,"code":117522,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[61,117524,117525],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117526,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117528,74463],{"class":211},[64,117530,144],{"class":95},[64,117532,3683],{"class":140},[64,117534,103],{"class":95},[64,117536,21532],{"class":9147},[64,117538,92],{"class":91},[64,117540,3741],{"class":3816},[64,117542,103],{"class":95},[64,117544,78019],{"class":9147},[64,117546,92],{"class":91},[64,117548,3635],{"class":3816},[64,117550,150],{"class":95},[816,117552,17348],{"id":17347},[21,117554,117555,117560,117565],{},[24,117556,117557,117559],{},[61,117558,3683],{},": the values to sort",[24,117561,117562,117564],{},[61,117563,14796],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[24,117566,117567,117569,117570,117572],{},[61,117568,73526],{},": set to ",[61,117571,3567],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117574,117575],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[54,117577,117579],{"className":56,"code":117578,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sorted(my_values)\n",[61,117580,117581],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117582,117583,117585,117587,117589],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117584,74463],{"class":211},[64,117586,144],{"class":95},[64,117588,60256],{"class":140},[64,117590,150],{"class":95},[49,117592,11449],{"id":11448},[14,117594,117595],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[54,117597,117599],{"className":56,"code":117598,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,117600,117601,117625,117629,117644,117648,117659],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117602,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117604,1161],{"class":74},[64,117606,92],{"class":91},[64,117608,112],{"class":95},[64,117610,385],{"class":99},[64,117612,103],{"class":95},[64,117614,106],{"class":99},[64,117616,103],{"class":95},[64,117618,6329],{"class":99},[64,117620,103],{"class":95},[64,117622,5465],{"class":99},[64,117624,746],{"class":95},[64,117626,117627],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117628,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,117630,117631,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,117632,117633],{"class":74},"sorted_numbers ",[64,117635,92],{"class":91},[64,117637,74507],{"class":211},[64,117639,144],{"class":95},[64,117641,3611],{"class":140},[64,117643,150],{"class":95},[64,117645,117646],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,117647,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,117649,117650,117652,117654,117657],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,117651,212],{"class":211},[64,117653,144],{"class":95},[64,117655,117656],{"class":140},"sorted_numbers",[64,117658,150],{"class":95},[64,117660,117661,117663,117665,117667],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,117662,212],{"class":211},[64,117664,144],{"class":95},[64,117666,3611],{"class":140},[64,117668,150],{"class":95},[14,117670,2035],{},[54,117672,117674],{"className":56,"code":117673,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[61,117675,117676,117696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117677,117678,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117679,184],{"class":95},[64,117681,100],{"class":99},[64,117683,103],{"class":95},[64,117685,106],{"class":99},[64,117687,103],{"class":95},[64,117689,4570],{"class":99},[64,117691,103],{"class":95},[64,117693,6329],{"class":99},[64,117695,746],{"class":95},[64,117697,117698,117700,117702,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117699,184],{"class":95},[64,117701,385],{"class":99},[64,117703,103],{"class":95},[64,117705,106],{"class":99},[64,117707,103],{"class":95},[64,117709,6329],{"class":99},[64,117711,103],{"class":95},[64,117713,5465],{"class":99},[64,117715,746],{"class":95},[14,117717,13725],{},[21,117719,117720,117725],{},[24,117721,117722,117724],{},[61,117723,117656],{}," is a new sorted list",[24,117726,117727,112433],{},[61,117728,3611],{},[14,117730,117731,117732,137],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[543,117733,78326],{"href":78325},[49,117735,117737],{"id":117736},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117739,117740,117742],{},[61,117741,74373],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[816,117744,117745],{"id":8064},"List",[54,117747,117749],{"className":56,"code":117748,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[61,117750,117751,117771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117752,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117754,1161],{"class":74},[64,117756,92],{"class":91},[64,117758,112],{"class":95},[64,117760,115],{"class":99},[64,117762,103],{"class":95},[64,117764,5465],{"class":99},[64,117766,103],{"class":95},[64,117768,106],{"class":99},[64,117770,746],{"class":95},[64,117772,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117774,212],{"class":211},[64,117776,144],{"class":95},[64,117778,74463],{"class":211},[64,117780,144],{"class":95},[64,117782,3611],{"class":140},[64,117784,1737],{"class":95},[14,117786,2035],{},[54,117788,117789],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,117790,117791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117792,117793,117795,117797,117799,117801,117803,117805],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117794,184],{"class":95},[64,117796,100],{"class":99},[64,117798,103],{"class":95},[64,117800,106],{"class":99},[64,117802,103],{"class":95},[64,117804,743],{"class":99},[64,117806,746],{"class":95},[816,117808,117809],{"id":48911},"Tuple",[54,117811,117813],{"className":56,"code":117812,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[61,117814,117815,117835,117849],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117816,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117818,3786],{"class":74},[64,117820,92],{"class":91},[64,117822,9207],{"class":95},[64,117824,115],{"class":99},[64,117826,103],{"class":95},[64,117828,5465],{"class":99},[64,117830,103],{"class":95},[64,117832,106],{"class":99},[64,117834,150],{"class":95},[64,117836,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117838,212],{"class":211},[64,117840,144],{"class":95},[64,117842,74463],{"class":211},[64,117844,144],{"class":95},[64,117846,5325],{"class":140},[64,117848,1737],{"class":95},[64,117850,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,117852,212],{"class":211},[64,117854,144],{"class":95},[64,117856,1779],{"class":1778},[64,117858,144],{"class":95},[64,117860,74463],{"class":211},[64,117862,144],{"class":95},[64,117864,5325],{"class":140},[64,117866,2873],{"class":95},[14,117868,2035],{},[54,117870,117872],{"className":56,"code":117871,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[61,117873,117874,117890],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117875,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117877,184],{"class":95},[64,117879,100],{"class":99},[64,117881,103],{"class":95},[64,117883,106],{"class":99},[64,117885,103],{"class":95},[64,117887,743],{"class":99},[64,117889,746],{"class":95},[64,117891,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117893,3250],{"class":91},[64,117895,3253],{"class":2029},[64,117897,3256],{"class":1418},[64,117899,8064],{"class":1422},[64,117901,3261],{"class":1418},[64,117903,3264],{"class":91},[816,117905,117906],{"id":6256},"Set",[54,117908,117910],{"className":56,"code":117909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[61,117911,117912,117932],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117913,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117915,3786],{"class":74},[64,117917,92],{"class":91},[64,117919,1415],{"class":95},[64,117921,115],{"class":99},[64,117923,103],{"class":95},[64,117925,5465],{"class":99},[64,117927,103],{"class":95},[64,117929,106],{"class":99},[64,117931,9280],{"class":95},[64,117933,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117935,212],{"class":211},[64,117937,144],{"class":95},[64,117939,74463],{"class":211},[64,117941,144],{"class":95},[64,117943,5325],{"class":140},[64,117945,1737],{"class":95},[14,117947,2035],{},[54,117949,117950],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,117951,117952],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117953,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117955,184],{"class":95},[64,117957,100],{"class":99},[64,117959,103],{"class":95},[64,117961,106],{"class":99},[64,117963,103],{"class":95},[64,117965,743],{"class":99},[64,117967,746],{"class":95},[816,117969,117970],{"id":61123},"String",[54,117972,117974],{"className":56,"code":117973,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[61,117975,117976,117988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,117977,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117979,34645],{"class":74},[64,117981,92],{"class":91},[64,117983,3315],{"class":1418},[64,117985,58],{"class":1422},[64,117987,3321],{"class":1418},[64,117989,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,117991,212],{"class":211},[64,117993,144],{"class":95},[64,117995,74463],{"class":211},[64,117997,144],{"class":95},[64,117999,34666],{"class":140},[64,118001,1737],{"class":95},[14,118003,2035],{},[54,118005,118006],{"className":56,"code":79343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,118007,118008],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118009,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118011,184],{"class":95},[64,118013,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118015,60387],{"class":1422},[64,118017,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118019,103],{"class":95},[64,118021,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118023,75979],{"class":1422},[64,118025,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118027,103],{"class":95},[64,118029,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118031,60422],{"class":1422},[64,118033,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118035,103],{"class":95},[64,118037,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118039,14],{"class":1422},[64,118041,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118043,103],{"class":95},[64,118045,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118047,63236],{"class":1422},[64,118049,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118051,103],{"class":95},[64,118053,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118055,11719],{"class":1422},[64,118057,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118059,746],{"class":95},[816,118061,29177],{"id":15557},[14,118063,63489,118064,118066],{},[61,118065,74373],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[54,118068,118070],{"className":56,"code":118069,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[61,118071,118072,118124],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118073,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118075,13170],{"class":74},[64,118077,92],{"class":91},[64,118079,1415],{"class":95},[64,118081,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118083,7637],{"class":1422},[64,118085,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118087,1117],{"class":95},[64,118089,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118091,12846],{"class":1422},[64,118093,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118095,103],{"class":95},[64,118097,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118099,9270],{"class":1422},[64,118101,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118103,1117],{"class":95},[64,118105,1437],{"class":99},[64,118107,103],{"class":95},[64,118109,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118111,10381],{"class":1422},[64,118113,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118115,1117],{"class":95},[64,118117,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118119,15984],{"class":1422},[64,118121,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118123,9280],{"class":95},[64,118125,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118127,212],{"class":211},[64,118129,144],{"class":95},[64,118131,74463],{"class":211},[64,118133,144],{"class":95},[64,118135,17260],{"class":140},[64,118137,1737],{"class":95},[14,118139,2035],{},[54,118141,118143],{"className":56,"code":118142,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[61,118144,118145],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118146,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118148,184],{"class":95},[64,118150,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118152,9270],{"class":1422},[64,118154,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118156,103],{"class":95},[64,118158,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118160,10381],{"class":1422},[64,118162,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118164,103],{"class":95},[64,118166,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118168,7637],{"class":1422},[64,118170,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118172,746],{"class":95},[49,118174,1654,118176],{"id":118175},"using-reversetrue",[61,118177,78040],{},[14,118179,256,118180,118182],{},[61,118181,78040],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[54,118184,118186],{"className":56,"code":118185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[61,118187,118188,118208,118212,118226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118189,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118191,1161],{"class":74},[64,118193,92],{"class":91},[64,118195,112],{"class":95},[64,118197,115],{"class":99},[64,118199,103],{"class":95},[64,118201,5465],{"class":99},[64,118203,103],{"class":95},[64,118205,106],{"class":99},[64,118207,746],{"class":95},[64,118209,118210],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118211,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,118215,212],{"class":211},[64,118217,144],{"class":95},[64,118219,74463],{"class":211},[64,118221,144],{"class":95},[64,118223,3611],{"class":140},[64,118225,1737],{"class":95},[64,118227,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,118229,212],{"class":211},[64,118231,144],{"class":95},[64,118233,74463],{"class":211},[64,118235,144],{"class":95},[64,118237,3611],{"class":140},[64,118239,103],{"class":95},[64,118241,78019],{"class":9147},[64,118243,92],{"class":91},[64,118245,3567],{"class":3816},[64,118247,1737],{"class":95},[14,118249,2035],{},[54,118251,118253],{"className":56,"code":118252,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[61,118254,118255,118271],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118256,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118258,184],{"class":95},[64,118260,100],{"class":99},[64,118262,103],{"class":95},[64,118264,106],{"class":99},[64,118266,103],{"class":95},[64,118268,743],{"class":99},[64,118270,746],{"class":95},[64,118272,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118274,184],{"class":95},[64,118276,115],{"class":99},[64,118278,103],{"class":95},[64,118280,106],{"class":99},[64,118282,103],{"class":95},[64,118284,5465],{"class":99},[64,118286,746],{"class":95},[14,118288,118289],{},"This also works with strings:",[54,118291,118293],{"className":56,"code":118292,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[61,118294,118295,118327,118331,118345],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118296,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118298,4034],{"class":74},[64,118300,92],{"class":91},[64,118302,112],{"class":95},[64,118304,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118306,4043],{"class":1422},[64,118308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118310,103],{"class":95},[64,118312,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118314,4052],{"class":1422},[64,118316,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118318,103],{"class":95},[64,118320,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118322,4061],{"class":1422},[64,118324,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118326,746],{"class":95},[64,118328,118329],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118330,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,118332,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,118334,212],{"class":211},[64,118336,144],{"class":95},[64,118338,74463],{"class":211},[64,118340,144],{"class":95},[64,118342,4078],{"class":140},[64,118344,1737],{"class":95},[64,118346,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,118348,212],{"class":211},[64,118350,144],{"class":95},[64,118352,74463],{"class":211},[64,118354,144],{"class":95},[64,118356,4078],{"class":140},[64,118358,103],{"class":95},[64,118360,78019],{"class":9147},[64,118362,92],{"class":91},[64,118364,3567],{"class":3816},[64,118366,1737],{"class":95},[14,118368,2035],{},[54,118370,118371],{"className":56,"code":74107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,118372,118373,118401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118374,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118376,184],{"class":95},[64,118378,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118380,4043],{"class":1422},[64,118382,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118384,103],{"class":95},[64,118386,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118388,4052],{"class":1422},[64,118390,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118392,103],{"class":95},[64,118394,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118396,4061],{"class":1422},[64,118398,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118400,746],{"class":95},[64,118402,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118404,184],{"class":95},[64,118406,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118408,4061],{"class":1422},[64,118410,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118412,103],{"class":95},[64,118414,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118416,4052],{"class":1422},[64,118418,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118420,103],{"class":95},[64,118422,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118424,4043],{"class":1422},[64,118426,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118428,746],{"class":95},[49,118430,1654,118432,118435],{"id":118431},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[61,118433,118434],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118437,1944,118438,118440],{},[61,118439,118434],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118442,118443],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118445,118446],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[54,118448,118450],{"className":56,"code":118449,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[61,118451,118452,118492,118496,118518],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118453,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118455,4034],{"class":74},[64,118457,92],{"class":91},[64,118459,112],{"class":95},[64,118461,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118463,78693],{"class":1422},[64,118465,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118467,103],{"class":95},[64,118469,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118471,38315],{"class":1422},[64,118473,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118475,103],{"class":95},[64,118477,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118479,4052],{"class":1422},[64,118481,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118483,103],{"class":95},[64,118485,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118487,38298],{"class":1422},[64,118489,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118491,746],{"class":95},[64,118493,118494],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118495,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,118497,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,118499,2194],{"class":74},[64,118501,92],{"class":91},[64,118503,74507],{"class":211},[64,118505,144],{"class":95},[64,118507,4078],{"class":140},[64,118509,103],{"class":95},[64,118511,21532],{"class":9147},[64,118513,92],{"class":91},[64,118515,11134],{"class":211},[64,118517,150],{"class":95},[64,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,118521,212],{"class":211},[64,118523,144],{"class":95},[64,118525,2229],{"class":140},[64,118527,150],{"class":95},[14,118529,2035],{},[54,118531,118533],{"className":56,"code":118532,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[61,118534,118535],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118536,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567,118569],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118538,184],{"class":95},[64,118540,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118542,38315],{"class":1422},[64,118544,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118546,103],{"class":95},[64,118548,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118550,78693],{"class":1422},[64,118552,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118554,103],{"class":95},[64,118556,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118558,38298],{"class":1422},[64,118560,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118562,103],{"class":95},[64,118564,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118566,4052],{"class":1422},[64,118568,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118570,746],{"class":95},[14,118572,20724,118573,118575],{},[61,118574,11134],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118577,118578],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[54,118580,118582],{"className":56,"code":118581,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[61,118583,118584,118617,118621,118647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118585,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118613,118615],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118587,4034],{"class":74},[64,118589,92],{"class":91},[64,118591,112],{"class":95},[64,118593,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118595,83312],{"class":1422},[64,118597,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118599,103],{"class":95},[64,118601,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118603,4043],{"class":1422},[64,118605,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118607,103],{"class":95},[64,118609,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118611,118612],{"class":1422},"Cherry",[64,118614,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118616,746],{"class":95},[64,118618,118619],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118620,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,118622,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,118624,2194],{"class":74},[64,118626,92],{"class":91},[64,118628,74507],{"class":211},[64,118630,144],{"class":95},[64,118632,4078],{"class":140},[64,118634,103],{"class":95},[64,118636,21532],{"class":9147},[64,118638,92],{"class":91},[64,118640,3406],{"class":1778},[64,118642,137],{"class":95},[64,118644,8611],{"class":24704},[64,118646,150],{"class":95},[64,118648,118649,118651,118653,118655],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,118650,212],{"class":211},[64,118652,144],{"class":95},[64,118654,2229],{"class":140},[64,118656,150],{"class":95},[14,118658,2035],{},[54,118660,118662],{"className":56,"code":118661,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[61,118663,118664],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118665,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118667,184],{"class":95},[64,118669,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118671,4043],{"class":1422},[64,118673,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118675,103],{"class":95},[64,118677,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118679,83312],{"class":1422},[64,118681,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118683,103],{"class":95},[64,118685,3256],{"class":1418},[64,118687,118612],{"class":1422},[64,118689,3261],{"class":1418},[64,118691,746],{"class":95},[14,118693,118694,118695,35286,118697,137],{},"You can learn more about ",[61,118696,42320],{},[543,118698,1877,118699,3472],{"href":42317},[61,118700,42320],{},[49,118702,118704,10557,118706],{"id":118703},"sorted-vs-listsort",[61,118705,74373],{},[61,118707,77816],{},[14,118709,118710],{},"The main difference is this:",[21,118712,118713,118718],{},[24,118714,118715,118717],{},[61,118716,74373],{}," returns a new list",[24,118719,118720,73911],{},[61,118721,77816],{},[14,118723,118724],{},"Also:",[21,118726,118727,118732],{},[24,118728,118729,118731],{},[61,118730,74373],{}," works with many iterables",[24,118733,118734,79249],{},[61,118735,77816],{},[14,118737,256,118738,10573],{},[61,118739,74373],{},[21,118741,118742,118745],{},[24,118743,118744],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[24,118746,118747],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118749,118750,118751,137],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[543,118752,1877,118753,10557,118755,5751],{"href":79074},[61,118754,74373],{},[61,118756,77816],{},[49,118758,118760],{"id":118759},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118762,118763,118764,137],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[61,118765,74373],{},[816,118767,118769],{"id":118768},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118771,118772,118773,1117],{},"This can raise a ",[61,118774,2964],{},[54,118776,118778],{"className":56,"code":118777,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[61,118779,118780,118804],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118781,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118783,3786],{"class":74},[64,118785,92],{"class":91},[64,118787,112],{"class":95},[64,118789,100],{"class":99},[64,118791,103],{"class":95},[64,118793,3315],{"class":1418},[64,118795,2021],{"class":1422},[64,118797,1419],{"class":1418},[64,118799,103],{"class":95},[64,118801,743],{"class":99},[64,118803,746],{"class":95},[64,118805,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118807,212],{"class":211},[64,118809,144],{"class":95},[64,118811,74463],{"class":211},[64,118813,144],{"class":95},[64,118815,5325],{"class":140},[64,118817,1737],{"class":95},[14,118819,118820],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[816,118822,118824,118825,2267],{"id":118823},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[61,118826,14796],{},[14,118828,118829],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118831,318],{},[54,118833,118835],{"className":56,"code":118834,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[61,118836,118837,118857],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118838,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118840,1161],{"class":74},[64,118842,92],{"class":91},[64,118844,112],{"class":95},[64,118846,1432],{"class":99},[64,118848,103],{"class":95},[64,118850,106],{"class":99},[64,118852,103],{"class":95},[64,118854,7764],{"class":99},[64,118856,746],{"class":95},[64,118858,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118860,212],{"class":211},[64,118862,144],{"class":95},[64,118864,74463],{"class":211},[64,118866,144],{"class":95},[64,118868,3611],{"class":140},[64,118870,103],{"class":95},[64,118872,21532],{"class":9147},[64,118874,92],{"class":91},[64,118876,11134],{"class":211},[64,118878,1737],{"class":95},[14,118880,48468,118881,118883],{},[61,118882,42320],{}," does not work on integers.",[816,118885,118887],{"id":118886},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118889,118890],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[54,118892,118894],{"className":56,"code":118893,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,118895,118896,118916,118926,118930],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118897,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118899,1161],{"class":74},[64,118901,92],{"class":91},[64,118903,112],{"class":95},[64,118905,115],{"class":99},[64,118907,103],{"class":95},[64,118909,5465],{"class":99},[64,118911,103],{"class":95},[64,118913,106],{"class":99},[64,118915,746],{"class":95},[64,118917,118918,118920,118922,118924],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,118919,74463],{"class":211},[64,118921,144],{"class":95},[64,118923,3611],{"class":140},[64,118925,150],{"class":95},[64,118927,118928],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,118929,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,118931,118932,118934,118936,118938],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,118933,212],{"class":211},[64,118935,144],{"class":95},[64,118937,3611],{"class":140},[64,118939,150],{"class":95},[14,118941,2035],{},[54,118943,118945],{"className":56,"code":118944,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[61,118946,118947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,118948,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118950,184],{"class":95},[64,118952,115],{"class":99},[64,118954,103],{"class":95},[64,118956,5465],{"class":99},[64,118958,103],{"class":95},[64,118960,106],{"class":99},[64,118962,746],{"class":95},[14,118964,118965],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[49,118967,1646],{"id":1645},[21,118969,118970,118974,118977,118982,118986],{},[24,118971,4544,118972,73911],{},[61,118973,74373],{},[24,118975,118976],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[24,118978,4668,118979,118981],{},[61,118980,74373],{}," always returns a list",[24,118983,1654,118984,23057],{},[61,118985,118434],{},[24,118987,29604,118988,118990,118991],{},[61,118989,64261],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[61,118992,74373],{},[14,118994,118995],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[54,118997,118999],{"className":56,"code":118998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[61,119000,119001,119023,119049,119087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119002,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119004,212],{"class":211},[64,119006,144],{"class":95},[64,119008,74463],{"class":211},[64,119010,382],{"class":95},[64,119012,115],{"class":99},[64,119014,103],{"class":95},[64,119016,5465],{"class":99},[64,119018,103],{"class":95},[64,119020,106],{"class":99},[64,119022,1769],{"class":95},[64,119024,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045,119047],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,119026,212],{"class":211},[64,119028,144],{"class":95},[64,119030,1779],{"class":1778},[64,119032,144],{"class":95},[64,119034,74463],{"class":211},[64,119036,5478],{"class":95},[64,119038,115],{"class":99},[64,119040,103],{"class":95},[64,119042,5465],{"class":99},[64,119044,103],{"class":95},[64,119046,106],{"class":99},[64,119048,93316],{"class":95},[64,119050,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,119052,212],{"class":211},[64,119054,144],{"class":95},[64,119056,74463],{"class":211},[64,119058,382],{"class":95},[64,119060,3261],{"class":1418},[64,119062,83312],{"class":1422},[64,119064,3261],{"class":1418},[64,119066,103],{"class":95},[64,119068,3256],{"class":1418},[64,119070,4043],{"class":1422},[64,119072,3261],{"class":1418},[64,119074,109],{"class":95},[64,119076,21532],{"class":9147},[64,119078,92],{"class":91},[64,119080,3406],{"class":1778},[64,119082,137],{"class":95},[64,119084,8611],{"class":24704},[64,119086,1737],{"class":95},[64,119088,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,119090,212],{"class":211},[64,119092,144],{"class":95},[64,119094,74463],{"class":211},[64,119096,382],{"class":95},[64,119098,115],{"class":99},[64,119100,103],{"class":95},[64,119102,5465],{"class":99},[64,119104,103],{"class":95},[64,119106,106],{"class":99},[64,119108,109],{"class":95},[64,119110,78019],{"class":9147},[64,119112,92],{"class":91},[64,119114,3567],{"class":3816},[64,119116,1737],{"class":95},[14,119118,119119,119120,137],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[543,119121,52731],{"href":50938},[49,119123,1826],{"id":1825},[816,119125,12670,119127,57115],{"id":119126},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[61,119128,74373],{},[14,119130,119131],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[816,119133,5107,119135,12682],{"id":119134},"what-does-sorted-return",[61,119136,74373],{},[14,119138,119139],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[816,119141,119143,119144,11064,119146,2456],{"id":119142},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[61,119145,74373],{},[61,119147,77816],{},[14,119149,256,119150,119152],{},[61,119151,74373],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[816,119154,5107,119156,86400,119158,2456],{"id":119155},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[61,119157,118434],{},[61,119159,74373],{},[14,119161,119162],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[816,119164,5123,119166,119168,119169,2456],{"id":119165},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[61,119167,74373],{}," give a ",[61,119170,2964],{},[14,119172,119173],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[49,119175,1865],{"id":1864},[21,119177,119178,119182,119190,119194,119200,119206],{},[24,119179,119180],{},[543,119181,79822],{"href":78325},[24,119183,119184],{},[543,119185,1877,119186,10557,119188,5751],{"href":79074},[61,119187,74373],{},[61,119189,77816],{},[24,119191,119192],{},[543,119193,52731],{"href":50938},[24,119195,119196],{},[543,119197,1877,119198,3472],{"href":42317},[61,119199,42320],{},[24,119201,119202],{},[543,119203,1877,119204,3472],{"href":91972},[61,119205,35706],{},[24,119207,119208],{},[543,119209,1877,119210,3472],{"href":36152},[61,119211,36155],{},[1898,119213,119214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":119216},[119217,119218,119220,119223,119224,119231,119233,119235,119237,119243,119244,119256],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":117497,"depth":78,"text":119219},"What sorted() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":119221},[119222],{"id":17347,"depth":85,"text":17348},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":117736,"depth":78,"text":117737,"children":119225},[119226,119227,119228,119229,119230],{"id":8064,"depth":85,"text":117745},{"id":48911,"depth":85,"text":117809},{"id":6256,"depth":85,"text":117906},{"id":61123,"depth":85,"text":117970},{"id":15557,"depth":85,"text":29177},{"id":118175,"depth":78,"text":119232},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118431,"depth":78,"text":119234},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118703,"depth":78,"text":119236},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118759,"depth":78,"text":118760,"children":119238},[119239,119240,119242],{"id":118768,"depth":85,"text":118769},{"id":118823,"depth":85,"text":119241},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118886,"depth":85,"text":118887},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":119245},[119246,119248,119250,119252,119254],{"id":119126,"depth":85,"text":119247},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119134,"depth":85,"text":119249},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119142,"depth":85,"text":119251},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119155,"depth":85,"text":119253},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119165,"depth":85,"text":119255},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117399,"description":119257},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119264,"title":119265,"body":119266,"description":121377,"extension":1927,"meta":121378,"navigation":81,"path":79074,"seo":121379,"stem":121380,"__hash__":121381},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119267,"toc":121324},[119268,119275,119278,119288,119294,119297,119315,119323,119325,119384,119392,119396,119418,119422,119426,119428,119445,119447,119459,119465,119549,119553,119600,119606,119613,119617,119622,119624,119636,119641,119694,119698,119718,119725,119732,119736,119739,119758,119762,119876,119880,119950,119952,119964,119969,119973,119986,119990,120065,120069,120108,120115,120121,120126,120130,120144,120148,120213,120217,120250,120253,120258,120266,120273,120286,120289,120293,120376,120380,120417,120421,120524,120528,120589,120594,120601,120605,120608,120614,120617,120684,120688,120712,120714,120732,120739,120792,120796,120816,120822,120824,120881,120888,120914,120919,120924,120932,120938,120998,121002,121049,121052,121054,121057,121083,121086,121179,121181,121201,121205,121208,121226,121232,121234,121242,121247,121254,121257,121263,121266,121272,121280,121288,121293,121295,121321],[10,119269,1877,119271,10557,119273,93030],{"id":119270},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[61,119272,74373],{},[61,119274,77816],{},[14,119276,119277],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[21,119279,119280,119284],{},[24,119281,119282],{},[61,119283,74373],{},[24,119285,119286],{},[61,119287,77816],{},[14,119289,119290,119291,119293],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[37,119292,300],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119295,119296],{},"The main difference is simple:",[21,119298,119299,119307],{},[24,119300,256,119301,119303,119304],{},[61,119302,74373],{}," when you want a ",[37,119305,119306],{},"new sorted result",[24,119308,256,119309,119311,119312],{},[61,119310,77816],{}," when you want to ",[37,119313,119314],{},"change the original list",[14,119316,119317,119318,2361,119320,119322],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[61,119319,77816],{},[61,119321,3741],{}," and causes confusion.",[49,119324,3572],{"id":3571},[54,119326,119328],{"className":56,"code":119327,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[61,119329,119330,119350,119354,119371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119331,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342,119344,119346,119348],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119333,1161],{"class":74},[64,119335,92],{"class":91},[64,119337,112],{"class":95},[64,119339,115],{"class":99},[64,119341,103],{"class":95},[64,119343,5465],{"class":99},[64,119345,103],{"class":95},[64,119347,106],{"class":99},[64,119349,746],{"class":95},[64,119351,119352],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,119353,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,119355,119356,119358,119360,119362,119364,119366,119368],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,119357,55845],{"class":74},[64,119359,92],{"class":91},[64,119361,74507],{"class":211},[64,119363,144],{"class":95},[64,119365,3611],{"class":140},[64,119367,219],{"class":95},[64,119369,119370],{"class":222},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[64,119372,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,119374,3611],{"class":74},[64,119376,137],{"class":95},[64,119378,34757],{"class":140},[64,119380,7334],{"class":95},[64,119382,119383],{"class":222},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119385,256,119386,119388,119389,119391],{},[61,119387,74373],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[61,119390,77816],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[49,119393,119395],{"id":119394},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[21,119397,119398,119403,119408,119415],{},[24,119399,256,119400,119402],{},[61,119401,74373],{}," to get a new sorted list",[24,119404,256,119405,119407],{},[61,119406,77816],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[24,119409,119410,119411,2361,119413],{},"Understand why ",[61,119412,77816],{},[61,119414,3741],{},[24,119416,119417],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[49,119419,3639,119420,3642],{"id":117497},[61,119421,74373],{},[14,119423,119424,62875],{},[61,119425,74373],{},[14,119427,48885],{},[21,119429,119430,119436,119442],{},[24,119431,119432,119433],{},"returns a ",[37,119434,119435],{},"new list",[24,119437,119438,119439,119441],{},"does ",[37,119440,300],{}," change the original data",[24,119443,119444],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119446,51092],{},[21,119448,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457],{},[24,119450,5266],{},[24,119452,5269],{},[24,119454,5275],{},[24,119456,5272],{},[24,119458,35867],{},[816,119460,35036,119462,119464],{"id":119461},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[61,119463,74373],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[54,119466,119468],{"className":56,"code":119467,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[61,119469,119470,119490,119494,119508,119512,119530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119471,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486,119488],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119473,1161],{"class":74},[64,119475,92],{"class":91},[64,119477,112],{"class":95},[64,119479,115],{"class":99},[64,119481,103],{"class":95},[64,119483,5465],{"class":99},[64,119485,103],{"class":95},[64,119487,106],{"class":99},[64,119489,746],{"class":95},[64,119491,119492],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,119493,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,119495,119496,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,119497,2194],{"class":74},[64,119499,92],{"class":91},[64,119501,74507],{"class":211},[64,119503,144],{"class":95},[64,119505,3611],{"class":140},[64,119507,150],{"class":95},[64,119509,119510],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,119511,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,119513,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,119515,212],{"class":211},[64,119517,144],{"class":95},[64,119519,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119521,12124],{"class":1422},[64,119523,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119525,103],{"class":95},[64,119527,1191],{"class":140},[64,119529,150],{"class":95},[64,119531,119532,119534,119536,119538,119541,119543,119545,119547],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,119533,212],{"class":211},[64,119535,144],{"class":95},[64,119537,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119539,119540],{"class":1422},"sorted result:",[64,119542,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119544,103],{"class":95},[64,119546,81166],{"class":140},[64,119548,150],{"class":95},[14,119550,119551],{},[37,119552,2035],{},[54,119554,119556],{"className":56,"code":119555,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[61,119557,119558,119578],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119559,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119561,147],{"class":74},[64,119563,1117],{"class":95},[64,119565,112],{"class":95},[64,119567,115],{"class":99},[64,119569,103],{"class":95},[64,119571,5465],{"class":99},[64,119573,103],{"class":95},[64,119575,106],{"class":99},[64,119577,746],{"class":95},[64,119579,119580,119582,119584,119586,119588,119590,119592,119594,119596,119598],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,119581,74463],{"class":211},[64,119583,81166],{"class":74},[64,119585,1117],{"class":95},[64,119587,112],{"class":95},[64,119589,100],{"class":99},[64,119591,103],{"class":95},[64,119593,106],{"class":99},[64,119595,103],{"class":95},[64,119597,743],{"class":99},[64,119599,746],{"class":95},[14,119601,119602,119603,119605],{},"The important part is that ",[61,119604,3611],{}," stays the same.",[14,119607,119608,119609,137],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[543,119610,1877,119611,3472],{"href":74470},[61,119612,74373],{},[49,119614,3639,119615,3642],{"id":77882},[61,119616,77816],{},[14,119618,119619,119621],{},[61,119620,64261],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119623,48885],{},[21,119625,119626,119629,119632],{},[24,119627,119628],{},"changes the original list directly",[24,119630,119631],{},"only works on lists",[24,119633,3654,119634],{},[61,119635,3741],{},[816,119637,35036,119639,73911],{"id":119638},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[61,119640,77816],{},[54,119642,119644],{"className":56,"code":119643,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,119645,119646,119666,119670,119680,119684],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119647,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119649,1161],{"class":74},[64,119651,92],{"class":91},[64,119653,112],{"class":95},[64,119655,115],{"class":99},[64,119657,103],{"class":95},[64,119659,5465],{"class":99},[64,119661,103],{"class":95},[64,119663,106],{"class":99},[64,119665,746],{"class":95},[64,119667,119668],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,119669,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,119671,119672,119674,119676,119678],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,119673,3611],{"class":74},[64,119675,137],{"class":95},[64,119677,34757],{"class":140},[64,119679,366],{"class":95},[64,119681,119682],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,119683,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,119685,119686,119688,119690,119692],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,119687,212],{"class":211},[64,119689,144],{"class":95},[64,119691,3611],{"class":140},[64,119693,150],{"class":95},[14,119695,119696],{},[37,119697,2035],{},[54,119699,119700],{"className":56,"code":55107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,119701,119702],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119705,184],{"class":95},[64,119707,100],{"class":99},[64,119709,103],{"class":95},[64,119711,106],{"class":99},[64,119713,103],{"class":95},[64,119715,743],{"class":99},[64,119717,746],{"class":95},[14,119719,119720,119721,119724],{},"After calling ",[61,119722,119723],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119726,119727,119728,137],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[543,119729,1877,119730,1248],{"href":74724},[61,119731,77816],{},[49,119733,119735],{"id":119734},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119737,119738],{},"Here is the core difference:",[21,119740,119741,119750],{},[24,119742,119743,119746,119747],{},[61,119744,119745],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[37,119748,119749],{},"new sorted list",[24,119751,119752,119755,119756,74281],{},[61,119753,119754],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[61,119757,8309],{},[816,119759,119761],{"id":119760},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[54,119763,119765],{"className":56,"code":119764,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[61,119766,119767,119787,119791,119805,119824,119843,119847,119857],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119768,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779,119781,119783,119785],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119770,1161],{"class":74},[64,119772,92],{"class":91},[64,119774,112],{"class":95},[64,119776,385],{"class":99},[64,119778,103],{"class":95},[64,119780,106],{"class":99},[64,119782,103],{"class":95},[64,119784,120],{"class":99},[64,119786,746],{"class":95},[64,119788,119789],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,119790,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,119792,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,119794,1186],{"class":74},[64,119796,92],{"class":91},[64,119798,74507],{"class":211},[64,119800,144],{"class":95},[64,119802,3611],{"class":140},[64,119804,150],{"class":95},[64,119806,119807,119809,119811,119813,119816,119818,119820,119822],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,119808,212],{"class":211},[64,119810,144],{"class":95},[64,119812,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119814,119815],{"class":1422},"numbers after sorted():",[64,119817,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119819,103],{"class":95},[64,119821,1191],{"class":140},[64,119823,150],{"class":95},[64,119825,119826,119828,119830,119832,119835,119837,119839,119841],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,119827,212],{"class":211},[64,119829,144],{"class":95},[64,119831,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119833,119834],{"class":1422},"a:",[64,119836,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119838,103],{"class":95},[64,119840,56839],{"class":140},[64,119842,150],{"class":95},[64,119844,119845],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,119846,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,119848,119849,119851,119853,119855],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,119850,3611],{"class":74},[64,119852,137],{"class":95},[64,119854,34757],{"class":140},[64,119856,366],{"class":95},[64,119858,119859,119861,119863,119865,119868,119870,119872,119874],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,119860,212],{"class":211},[64,119862,144],{"class":95},[64,119864,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119866,119867],{"class":1422},"numbers after sort():",[64,119869,1419],{"class":1418},[64,119871,103],{"class":95},[64,119873,1191],{"class":140},[64,119875,150],{"class":95},[14,119877,119878],{},[37,119879,2035],{},[54,119881,119883],{"className":56,"code":119882,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[61,119884,119885,119908,119928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119886,119887,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119888,119889],{"class":74},"numbers after ",[64,119891,74463],{"class":211},[64,119893,29538],{"class":95},[64,119895,112],{"class":95},[64,119897,385],{"class":99},[64,119899,103],{"class":95},[64,119901,106],{"class":99},[64,119903,103],{"class":95},[64,119905,120],{"class":99},[64,119907,746],{"class":95},[64,119909,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,119911,543],{"class":74},[64,119913,1117],{"class":95},[64,119915,112],{"class":95},[64,119917,2021],{"class":99},[64,119919,103],{"class":95},[64,119921,120],{"class":99},[64,119923,103],{"class":95},[64,119925,4570],{"class":99},[64,119927,746],{"class":95},[64,119929,119930,119932,119934,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,119931,119889],{"class":74},[64,119933,34757],{"class":140},[64,119935,29538],{"class":95},[64,119937,112],{"class":95},[64,119939,2021],{"class":99},[64,119941,103],{"class":95},[64,119943,120],{"class":99},[64,119945,103],{"class":95},[64,119947,4570],{"class":99},[64,119949,746],{"class":95},[14,119951,10685],{},[21,119953,119954,119959],{},[24,119955,119956,119958],{},[61,119957,74373],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[24,119960,119961,119963],{},[61,119962,64261],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[49,119965,4925,119967],{"id":119966},"when-to-use-sorted",[61,119968,74373],{},[14,119970,256,119971,10573],{},[61,119972,74373],{},[21,119974,119975,119978,119980,119983],{},[24,119976,119977],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[24,119979,118747],{},[24,119981,119982],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[24,119984,119985],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[816,119987,119989],{"id":119988},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[54,119991,119993],{"className":56,"code":119992,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,119994,119995,120019,120023,120037,120041,120051],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,119996,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119998,1161],{"class":74},[64,120000,92],{"class":91},[64,120002,9207],{"class":95},[64,120004,772],{"class":99},[64,120006,103],{"class":95},[64,120008,5465],{"class":99},[64,120010,103],{"class":95},[64,120012,743],{"class":99},[64,120014,103],{"class":95},[64,120016,106],{"class":99},[64,120018,150],{"class":95},[64,120020,120021],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120022,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120024,120025,120027,120029,120031,120033,120035],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120026,2194],{"class":74},[64,120028,92],{"class":91},[64,120030,74507],{"class":211},[64,120032,144],{"class":95},[64,120034,3611],{"class":140},[64,120036,150],{"class":95},[64,120038,120039],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120040,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120042,120043,120045,120047,120049],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120044,212],{"class":211},[64,120046,144],{"class":95},[64,120048,2229],{"class":140},[64,120050,150],{"class":95},[64,120052,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,120054,212],{"class":211},[64,120056,144],{"class":95},[64,120058,1779],{"class":1778},[64,120060,144],{"class":95},[64,120062,2229],{"class":140},[64,120064,1737],{"class":95},[14,120066,120067],{},[37,120068,2035],{},[54,120070,120072],{"className":56,"code":120071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[61,120073,120074,120094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120075,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120077,184],{"class":95},[64,120079,100],{"class":99},[64,120081,103],{"class":95},[64,120083,106],{"class":99},[64,120085,103],{"class":95},[64,120087,743],{"class":99},[64,120089,103],{"class":95},[64,120091,120],{"class":99},[64,120093,746],{"class":95},[64,120095,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120097,3250],{"class":91},[64,120099,3253],{"class":2029},[64,120101,3256],{"class":1418},[64,120103,8064],{"class":1422},[64,120105,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120107,3264],{"class":91},[14,120109,2251,120110,120112,120113,137],{},[61,120111,74373],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[37,120114,8064],{},[14,120116,120117,120118,120120],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[543,120119,52731],{"href":50938}," is a helpful next step.",[49,120122,4925,120124],{"id":120123},"when-to-use-listsort",[61,120125,77816],{},[14,120127,256,120128,10573],{},[61,120129,77816],{},[21,120131,120132,120135,120138,120141],{},[24,120133,120134],{},"you already have a list",[24,120136,120137],{},"you want to update that list directly",[24,120139,120140],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[24,120142,120143],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[816,120145,120147],{"id":120146},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[54,120149,120151],{"className":56,"code":120150,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[61,120152,120153,120185,120189,120199,120203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120154,120155,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120156,4959],{"class":74},[64,120158,92],{"class":91},[64,120160,112],{"class":95},[64,120162,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120164,4986],{"class":1422},[64,120166,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120168,103],{"class":95},[64,120170,3315],{"class":1418},[64,120172,4968],{"class":1422},[64,120174,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120176,103],{"class":95},[64,120178,3315],{"class":1418},[64,120180,4977],{"class":1422},[64,120182,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120184,746],{"class":95},[64,120186,120187],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120188,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120190,120191,120193,120195,120197],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120192,5003],{"class":74},[64,120194,137],{"class":95},[64,120196,34757],{"class":140},[64,120198,366],{"class":95},[64,120200,120201],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120202,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120204,120205,120207,120209,120211],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120206,212],{"class":211},[64,120208,144],{"class":95},[64,120210,5003],{"class":140},[64,120212,150],{"class":95},[14,120214,120215],{},[37,120216,2035],{},[54,120218,120220],{"className":56,"code":120219,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[61,120221,120222],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120223,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120225,184],{"class":95},[64,120227,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120229,4968],{"class":1422},[64,120231,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120233,103],{"class":95},[64,120235,3256],{"class":1418},[64,120237,4977],{"class":1422},[64,120239,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120241,103],{"class":95},[64,120243,3256],{"class":1418},[64,120245,4986],{"class":1422},[64,120247,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120249,746],{"class":95},[14,120251,120252],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120254,120255,120256,137],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[543,120257,79822],{"href":78325},[49,120259,120261,40,120263,120265],{"id":120260},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[61,120262,73526],{},[61,120264,14796],{}," work with both",[14,120267,10562,120268,40,120270,120272],{},[61,120269,74373],{},[61,120271,77816],{}," support:",[21,120274,120275,120280],{},[24,120276,120277,120279],{},[61,120278,78040],{}," for descending order",[24,120281,120282,120285],{},[61,120283,120284],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120287,120288],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[816,120290,120292],{"id":120291},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[54,120294,120296],{"className":56,"code":120295,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,120297,120298,120318,120322,120344,120348,120366],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120299,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120301,1161],{"class":74},[64,120303,92],{"class":91},[64,120305,112],{"class":95},[64,120307,115],{"class":99},[64,120309,103],{"class":95},[64,120311,5465],{"class":99},[64,120313,103],{"class":95},[64,120315,106],{"class":99},[64,120317,746],{"class":95},[64,120319,120320],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120321,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120323,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120325,212],{"class":211},[64,120327,144],{"class":95},[64,120329,74463],{"class":211},[64,120331,144],{"class":95},[64,120333,3611],{"class":140},[64,120335,103],{"class":95},[64,120337,78019],{"class":9147},[64,120339,92],{"class":91},[64,120341,3567],{"class":3816},[64,120343,1737],{"class":95},[64,120345,120346],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120347,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120349,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120351,3611],{"class":74},[64,120353,137],{"class":95},[64,120355,34757],{"class":140},[64,120357,144],{"class":95},[64,120359,73526],{"class":9147},[64,120361,92],{"class":91},[64,120363,3567],{"class":3816},[64,120365,150],{"class":95},[64,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,120369,212],{"class":211},[64,120371,144],{"class":95},[64,120373,3611],{"class":140},[64,120375,150],{"class":95},[14,120377,120378],{},[37,120379,2035],{},[54,120381,120383],{"className":56,"code":120382,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[61,120384,120385,120401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120388,184],{"class":95},[64,120390,115],{"class":99},[64,120392,103],{"class":95},[64,120394,106],{"class":99},[64,120396,103],{"class":95},[64,120398,5465],{"class":99},[64,120400,746],{"class":95},[64,120402,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120404,184],{"class":95},[64,120406,115],{"class":99},[64,120408,103],{"class":95},[64,120410,106],{"class":99},[64,120412,103],{"class":95},[64,120414,5465],{"class":99},[64,120416,746],{"class":95},[816,120418,120420],{"id":120419},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[54,120422,120424],{"className":56,"code":120423,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[61,120425,120426,120458,120462,120488,120492,120514],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120427,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120429,4034],{"class":74},[64,120431,92],{"class":91},[64,120433,112],{"class":95},[64,120435,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120437,83312],{"class":1422},[64,120439,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120441,103],{"class":95},[64,120443,3315],{"class":1418},[64,120445,4043],{"class":1422},[64,120447,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120449,103],{"class":95},[64,120451,3315],{"class":1418},[64,120453,118612],{"class":1422},[64,120455,1419],{"class":1418},[64,120457,746],{"class":95},[64,120459,120460],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120461,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120463,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120465,212],{"class":211},[64,120467,144],{"class":95},[64,120469,74463],{"class":211},[64,120471,144],{"class":95},[64,120473,4078],{"class":140},[64,120475,103],{"class":95},[64,120477,21532],{"class":9147},[64,120479,92],{"class":91},[64,120481,3406],{"class":1778},[64,120483,137],{"class":95},[64,120485,8611],{"class":24704},[64,120487,1737],{"class":95},[64,120489,120490],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120491,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120493,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502,120504,120506,120508,120510,120512],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120495,4078],{"class":74},[64,120497,137],{"class":95},[64,120499,34757],{"class":140},[64,120501,144],{"class":95},[64,120503,14796],{"class":9147},[64,120505,92],{"class":91},[64,120507,3406],{"class":1778},[64,120509,137],{"class":95},[64,120511,8611],{"class":24704},[64,120513,150],{"class":95},[64,120515,120516,120518,120520,120522],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,120517,212],{"class":211},[64,120519,144],{"class":95},[64,120521,4078],{"class":140},[64,120523,150],{"class":95},[14,120525,120526],{},[37,120527,2035],{},[54,120529,120531],{"className":56,"code":120530,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[61,120532,120533,120561],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120534,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120536,184],{"class":95},[64,120538,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120540,4043],{"class":1422},[64,120542,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120544,103],{"class":95},[64,120546,3256],{"class":1418},[64,120548,83312],{"class":1422},[64,120550,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120552,103],{"class":95},[64,120554,3256],{"class":1418},[64,120556,118612],{"class":1422},[64,120558,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120560,746],{"class":95},[64,120562,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120564,184],{"class":95},[64,120566,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120568,4043],{"class":1422},[64,120570,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120572,103],{"class":95},[64,120574,3256],{"class":1418},[64,120576,83312],{"class":1422},[64,120578,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120580,103],{"class":95},[64,120582,3256],{"class":1418},[64,120584,118612],{"class":1422},[64,120586,3261],{"class":1418},[64,120588,746],{"class":95},[14,120590,1654,120591,120593],{},[61,120592,78534],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120595,120596,120597,137],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[543,120598,120600],{"href":120599},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[49,120602,120604],{"id":120603},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120606,120607],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[816,120609,120611,120612,12564],{"id":120610},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[61,120613,77816],{},[14,120615,120616],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[54,120618,120620],{"className":56,"code":120619,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,120621,120622,120642,120646,120660,120664,120674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120623,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120625,1161],{"class":74},[64,120627,92],{"class":91},[64,120629,112],{"class":95},[64,120631,115],{"class":99},[64,120633,103],{"class":95},[64,120635,5465],{"class":99},[64,120637,103],{"class":95},[64,120639,106],{"class":99},[64,120641,746],{"class":95},[64,120643,120644],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120645,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120647,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120649,2194],{"class":74},[64,120651,92],{"class":91},[64,120653,1191],{"class":74},[64,120655,137],{"class":95},[64,120657,34757],{"class":140},[64,120659,366],{"class":95},[64,120661,120662],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120663,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120667,212],{"class":211},[64,120669,144],{"class":95},[64,120671,2229],{"class":140},[64,120673,150],{"class":95},[64,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,120677,212],{"class":211},[64,120679,144],{"class":95},[64,120681,3611],{"class":140},[64,120683,150],{"class":95},[14,120685,120686],{},[37,120687,2035],{},[54,120689,120690],{"className":56,"code":79157,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,120691,120692,120696],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120693,120694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120695,11782],{"class":3816},[64,120697,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120699,184],{"class":95},[64,120701,100],{"class":99},[64,120703,103],{"class":95},[64,120705,106],{"class":99},[64,120707,103],{"class":95},[64,120709,743],{"class":99},[64,120711,746],{"class":95},[14,120713,11874],{},[21,120715,120716,120721,120726],{},[24,120717,120718,120720],{},[61,120719,119723],{}," sorts the list in place",[24,120722,34973,120723,120725],{},[37,120724,300],{}," return the sorted list",[24,120727,89936,120728,42114,120730],{},[61,120729,2229],{},[61,120731,3741],{},[816,120733,120735,120736,120738],{"id":120734},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[61,120737,74373],{}," to change the original list",[54,120740,120742],{"className":56,"code":120741,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,120743,120744,120764,120768,120778,120782],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120745,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120747,1161],{"class":74},[64,120749,92],{"class":91},[64,120751,112],{"class":95},[64,120753,115],{"class":99},[64,120755,103],{"class":95},[64,120757,5465],{"class":99},[64,120759,103],{"class":95},[64,120761,106],{"class":99},[64,120763,746],{"class":95},[64,120765,120766],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120767,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120769,120770,120772,120774,120776],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120771,74463],{"class":211},[64,120773,144],{"class":95},[64,120775,3611],{"class":140},[64,120777,150],{"class":95},[64,120779,120780],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120781,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120783,120784,120786,120788,120790],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120785,212],{"class":211},[64,120787,144],{"class":95},[64,120789,3611],{"class":140},[64,120791,150],{"class":95},[14,120793,120794],{},[37,120795,2035],{},[54,120797,120798],{"className":56,"code":118944,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,120799,120800],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120801,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810,120812,120814],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120803,184],{"class":95},[64,120805,115],{"class":99},[64,120807,103],{"class":95},[64,120809,5465],{"class":99},[64,120811,103],{"class":95},[64,120813,106],{"class":99},[64,120815,746],{"class":95},[14,120817,120818,120821],{},[61,120819,120820],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120823,10779],{},[54,120825,120827],{"className":56,"code":120826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[61,120828,120829,120849,120853,120867,120871],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120830,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120832,1161],{"class":74},[64,120834,92],{"class":91},[64,120836,112],{"class":95},[64,120838,115],{"class":99},[64,120840,103],{"class":95},[64,120842,5465],{"class":99},[64,120844,103],{"class":95},[64,120846,106],{"class":99},[64,120848,746],{"class":95},[64,120850,120851],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120852,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120854,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120856,55598],{"class":74},[64,120858,92],{"class":91},[64,120860,74507],{"class":211},[64,120862,144],{"class":95},[64,120864,3611],{"class":140},[64,120866,150],{"class":95},[64,120868,120869],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120870,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120872,120873,120875,120877,120879],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120874,212],{"class":211},[64,120876,144],{"class":95},[64,120878,55617],{"class":140},[64,120880,150],{"class":95},[816,120882,120884,120885,120887],{"id":120883},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[61,120886,64261],{}," on a tuple or string",[54,120889,120890],{"className":56,"code":79259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,120891,120892,120904],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120893,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120895,34645],{"class":74},[64,120897,92],{"class":91},[64,120899,3315],{"class":1418},[64,120901,58],{"class":1422},[64,120903,3321],{"class":1418},[64,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120907,34666],{"class":74},[64,120909,137],{"class":95},[64,120911,34757],{"class":140},[64,120913,366],{"class":95},[14,120915,120916,120917,33557],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[61,120918,64261],{},[14,120920,120921,120923],{},[61,120922,64261],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120925,120926,120927,120929,120930,137],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[61,120928,74373],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[543,120931,5101],{"href":5554},[816,120933,120935,120936,118981],{"id":120934},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[61,120937,74373],{},[54,120939,120941],{"className":56,"code":120940,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,120942,120943,120956,120970,120974,120984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,120944,120945,120947,120949,120951,120954],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120946,34645],{"class":74},[64,120948,92],{"class":91},[64,120950,3315],{"class":1418},[64,120952,120953],{"class":1422},"cab",[64,120955,3321],{"class":1418},[64,120957,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966,120968],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,120959,2194],{"class":74},[64,120961,92],{"class":91},[64,120963,74507],{"class":211},[64,120965,144],{"class":95},[64,120967,34666],{"class":140},[64,120969,150],{"class":95},[64,120971,120972],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,120973,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,120975,120976,120978,120980,120982],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,120977,212],{"class":211},[64,120979,144],{"class":95},[64,120981,2229],{"class":140},[64,120983,150],{"class":95},[64,120985,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994,120996],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,120987,212],{"class":211},[64,120989,144],{"class":95},[64,120991,1779],{"class":1778},[64,120993,144],{"class":95},[64,120995,2229],{"class":140},[64,120997,1737],{"class":95},[14,120999,121000],{},[37,121001,2035],{},[54,121003,121005],{"className":56,"code":121004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[61,121006,121007,121035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121008,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019,121021,121023,121025,121027,121029,121031,121033],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121010,184],{"class":95},[64,121012,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121014,543],{"class":1422},[64,121016,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121018,103],{"class":95},[64,121020,3256],{"class":1418},[64,121022,1235],{"class":1422},[64,121024,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121026,103],{"class":95},[64,121028,3256],{"class":1418},[64,121030,9711],{"class":1422},[64,121032,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121034,746],{"class":95},[64,121036,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121038,3250],{"class":91},[64,121040,3253],{"class":2029},[64,121042,3256],{"class":1418},[64,121044,8064],{"class":1422},[64,121046,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121048,3264],{"class":91},[14,121050,121051],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[49,121053,113674],{"id":113673},[14,121055,121056],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[21,121058,121059,121062,121067,121072,121078],{},[24,121060,121061],{},"confusing a function with a method",[24,121063,121064,121065,53603],{},"not knowing that ",[61,121066,64261],{},[24,121068,121069,121070,12564],{},"assigning the result of ",[61,121071,77816],{},[24,121073,121074,121075,121077],{},"trying to use ",[61,121076,64261],{}," on non-list data types",[24,121079,50464,121080,121082],{},[61,121081,74373],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121084,121085],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[54,121087,121089],{"className":56,"code":121088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[61,121090,121091,121101,121115,121140,121155,121165],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121092,121093,121095,121097,121099],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121094,212],{"class":211},[64,121096,144],{"class":95},[64,121098,8309],{"class":140},[64,121100,150],{"class":95},[64,121102,121103,121105,121107,121109,121111,121113],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121104,212],{"class":211},[64,121106,144],{"class":95},[64,121108,74463],{"class":211},[64,121110,144],{"class":95},[64,121112,8309],{"class":140},[64,121114,1737],{"class":95},[64,121116,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127,121129,121132,121134,121136,121138],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,121118,2194],{"class":74},[64,121120,92],{"class":91},[64,121122,8366],{"class":74},[64,121124,137],{"class":95},[64,121126,34757],{"class":140},[64,121128,7334],{"class":95},[64,121130,121131],{"class":74},"; ",[64,121133,212],{"class":211},[64,121135,144],{"class":95},[64,121137,2229],{"class":140},[64,121139,150],{"class":95},[64,121141,121142,121144,121146,121148,121150,121153],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,121143,212],{"class":211},[64,121145,144],{"class":95},[64,121147,1779],{"class":1778},[64,121149,144],{"class":95},[64,121151,121152],{"class":140},"my_data",[64,121154,1737],{"class":95},[64,121156,121157,121159,121161,121163],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,121158,32108],{"class":211},[64,121160,144],{"class":95},[64,121162,74463],{"class":211},[64,121164,150],{"class":95},[64,121166,121167,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,121168,32108],{"class":211},[64,121170,144],{"class":95},[64,121172,8064],{"class":1778},[64,121174,137],{"class":95},[64,121176,34757],{"class":24704},[64,121178,150],{"class":95},[14,121180,84322],{},[21,121182,121183,121186,121190,121198],{},[24,121184,121185],{},"whether your original list changed",[24,121187,25974,121188,11679],{},[61,121189,74373],{},[24,121191,121192,121193,121195,121196],{},"whether ",[61,121194,64261],{}," returned ",[61,121197,3741],{},[24,121199,121200],{},"what type of object you are working with",[49,121202,121204],{"id":121203},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121206,121207],{},"Use this rule:",[21,121209,121210,121218],{},[24,121211,121212,121213,121215,121216],{},"Need a ",[37,121214,119306],{},": use ",[61,121217,74373],{},[24,121219,121220,121221,121215,121224],{},"Need to ",[37,121222,121223],{},"change one list directly",[61,121225,77816],{},[14,121227,121228,121229,121231],{},"For many beginners, ",[61,121230,74373],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[49,121233,1826],{"id":1825},[816,121235,121237,121238,2839,121240,2456],{"id":121236},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[61,121239,74373],{},[61,121241,77816],{},[14,121243,121244,121246],{},[61,121245,74373],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[816,121248,5123,121250,5126,121252,2456],{"id":121249},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[61,121251,77816],{},[61,121253,3741],{},[14,121255,121256],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[816,121258,5135,121260,121262],{"id":121259},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[61,121261,74373],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121264,121265],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[816,121267,28282,121269,121271],{"id":121268},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[61,121270,64261],{}," on a string?",[14,121273,46323,121274,121276,121277,39887],{},[61,121275,64261],{}," is a list method. Use ",[61,121278,121279],{},"sorted(string)",[816,121281,11793,121283,40,121285,121287],{"id":121282},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[61,121284,74373],{},[61,121286,64261],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121289,121290,121291,137],{},"Yes. Both support ",[61,121292,78040],{},[49,121294,1865],{"id":1864},[21,121296,121297,121303,121309,121313,121317],{},[24,121298,121299],{},[543,121300,1877,121301,3472],{"href":74470},[61,121302,74373],{},[24,121304,121305],{},[543,121306,1877,121307,1248],{"href":74724},[61,121308,77816],{},[24,121310,121311],{},[543,121312,79822],{"href":78325},[24,121314,121315],{},[543,121316,120600],{"href":120599},[24,121318,121319],{},[543,121320,52731],{"href":50938},[1898,121322,121323],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":121325},[121326,121327,121328,121332,121336,121339,121343,121347,121352,121362,121363,121364,121376],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":119394,"depth":78,"text":119395},{"id":117497,"depth":78,"text":119219,"children":121329},[121330],{"id":119461,"depth":85,"text":121331},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77882,"depth":78,"text":79844,"children":121333},[121334],{"id":119638,"depth":85,"text":121335},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119734,"depth":78,"text":119735,"children":121337},[121338],{"id":119760,"depth":85,"text":119761},{"id":119966,"depth":78,"text":121340,"children":121341},"When to use sorted()",[121342],{"id":119988,"depth":85,"text":119989},{"id":120123,"depth":78,"text":121344,"children":121345},"When to use list.sort()",[121346],{"id":120146,"depth":85,"text":120147},{"id":120260,"depth":78,"text":121348,"children":121349},"reverse and key work with both",[121350,121351],{"id":120291,"depth":85,"text":120292},{"id":120419,"depth":85,"text":120420},{"id":120603,"depth":78,"text":120604,"children":121353},[121354,121356,121358,121360],{"id":120610,"depth":85,"text":121355},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120734,"depth":85,"text":121357},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120883,"depth":85,"text":121359},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120934,"depth":85,"text":121361},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113673,"depth":78,"text":113674},{"id":121203,"depth":78,"text":121204},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":121365},[121366,121368,121370,121372,121374],{"id":121236,"depth":85,"text":121367},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121249,"depth":85,"text":121369},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121259,"depth":85,"text":121371},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121268,"depth":85,"text":121373},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121282,"depth":85,"text":121375},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119265,"description":121377},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121383,"title":42135,"body":121384,"description":123116,"extension":1927,"meta":123117,"navigation":81,"path":123118,"seo":123119,"stem":123120,"__hash__":123121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121385,"toc":123073},[121386,121391,121396,121402,121404,121459,121463,121486,121491,121496,121501,121503,121534,121537,121551,121553,121555,121570,121575,121579,121582,121633,121637,121651,121658,121662,121666,121721,121725,121748,121752,121808,121812,121835,121839,121894,121898,121921,121925,121992,121996,122031,122037,122042,122047,122049,122063,122065,122139,122143,122163,122168,122175,122178,122190,122192,122261,122265,122302,122305,122330,122337,122346,122349,122361,122367,122373,122375,122381,122386,122465,122469,122510,122514,122516,122543,122546,122569,122572,122578,122581,122618,122630,122637,122639,122690,122693,122725,122728,122730,122737,122739,122754,122756,122813,122817,122841,122843,122848,122864,122871,122875,122878,122961,122971,122973,122978,122981,122987,122990,122996,122999,123005,123008,123015,123023,123025,123070],[10,121387,1877,121389,3542],{"id":121388},"python-str-function-explained",[61,121390,47641],{},[14,121392,32273,121393,121395],{},[61,121394,47641],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121397,121398,121399,121401],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[61,121400,47641],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[49,121403,52],{"id":51},[54,121405,121407],{"className":56,"code":121406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,121408,121409,121417,121431,121435,121445],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121410,121411,121413,121415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121412,21581],{"class":74},[64,121414,92],{"class":91},[64,121416,45183],{"class":99},[64,121418,121419,121421,121423,121425,121427,121429],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121420,34645],{"class":74},[64,121422,92],{"class":91},[64,121424,48862],{"class":1778},[64,121426,144],{"class":95},[64,121428,9270],{"class":140},[64,121430,150],{"class":95},[64,121432,121433],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,121434,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,121436,121437,121439,121441,121443],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,121438,212],{"class":211},[64,121440,144],{"class":95},[64,121442,34666],{"class":140},[64,121444,150],{"class":95},[64,121446,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,121448,212],{"class":211},[64,121450,144],{"class":95},[64,121452,1779],{"class":1778},[64,121454,144],{"class":95},[64,121456,34666],{"class":140},[64,121458,1737],{"class":95},[14,121460,121461],{},[37,121462,2035],{},[54,121464,121466],{"className":56,"code":121465,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,121467,121468,121472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121469,121470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121471,2670],{"class":99},[64,121473,121474,121476,121478,121480,121482,121484],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121475,3250],{"class":91},[64,121477,3253],{"class":2029},[64,121479,3256],{"class":1418},[64,121481,3406],{"class":1422},[64,121483,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121485,3264],{"class":91},[14,121487,256,121488,121490],{},[61,121489,47641],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[49,121492,3639,121494,3642],{"id":121493},"what-str-does",[61,121495,47641],{},[14,121497,121498,121500],{},[61,121499,47641],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121502,304],{},[21,121504,121505,121512,121519,121526],{},[24,121506,121507,121508,42114,121510],{},"An integer like ",[61,121509,1432],{},[61,121511,42085],{},[24,121513,121514,121515,42114,121517],{},"A float like ",[61,121516,40101],{},[61,121518,48052],{},[24,121520,121521,121522,42114,121524],{},"A boolean like ",[61,121523,3567],{},[61,121525,6608],{},[24,121527,121528,121529,42114,121531],{},"A list like ",[61,121530,75195],{},[61,121532,121533],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121535,121536],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[21,121538,121539,121542,121545,121548],{},[24,121540,121541],{},"print it",[24,121543,121544],{},"combine it with other strings",[24,121546,121547],{},"save it to a file",[24,121549,121550],{},"use it in messages",[49,121552,2120],{"id":2119},[14,121554,7186],{},[54,121556,121558],{"className":56,"code":121557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"str(object)\n",[61,121559,121560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121561,121562,121564,121566,121568],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121563,3406],{"class":1778},[64,121565,144],{"class":95},[64,121567,42358],{"class":1778},[64,121569,150],{"class":95},[14,121571,20724,121572,121574],{},[61,121573,42358],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121576,121577,8195],{},[61,121578,47641],{},[14,121580,121581],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[54,121583,121585],{"className":56,"code":121584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[61,121586,121587,121596,121619,121623],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121588,121589,121591,121593],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121590,5060],{"class":74},[64,121592,92],{"class":91},[64,121594,121595],{"class":99}," 100\n",[64,121597,121598,121600,121602,121604,121607,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121599,89956],{"class":74},[64,121601,92],{"class":91},[64,121603,3315],{"class":1418},[64,121605,121606],{"class":1422},"Your score is ",[64,121608,1419],{"class":1418},[64,121610,2418],{"class":91},[64,121612,48862],{"class":1778},[64,121614,144],{"class":95},[64,121616,85469],{"class":140},[64,121618,150],{"class":95},[64,121620,121621],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,121622,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,121624,121625,121627,121629,121631],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,121626,212],{"class":211},[64,121628,144],{"class":95},[64,121630,89973],{"class":140},[64,121632,150],{"class":95},[14,121634,121635],{},[37,121636,2035],{},[54,121638,121640],{"className":56,"code":121639,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Your score is 100\n",[61,121641,121642],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121643,121644,121647,121649],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121645,121646],{"class":74},"Your score ",[64,121648,877],{"class":91},[64,121650,121595],{"class":99},[14,121652,2261,121653,121657],{},[543,121654,121655,2267],{"href":2264},[61,121656,1821],{}," can help you check.",[49,121659,121661],{"id":121660},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[816,121663,121665],{"id":121664},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[54,121667,121669],{"className":56,"code":121668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,121670,121671,121679,121693,121697,121707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121672,121673,121675,121677],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121674,2181],{"class":74},[64,121676,92],{"class":91},[64,121678,1583],{"class":99},[64,121680,121681,121683,121685,121687,121689,121691],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121682,34645],{"class":74},[64,121684,92],{"class":91},[64,121686,48862],{"class":1778},[64,121688,144],{"class":95},[64,121690,2204],{"class":140},[64,121692,150],{"class":95},[64,121694,121695],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,121696,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,121698,121699,121701,121703,121705],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,121700,212],{"class":211},[64,121702,144],{"class":95},[64,121704,34666],{"class":140},[64,121706,150],{"class":95},[64,121708,121709,121711,121713,121715,121717,121719],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,121710,212],{"class":211},[64,121712,144],{"class":95},[64,121714,1779],{"class":1778},[64,121716,144],{"class":95},[64,121718,34666],{"class":140},[64,121720,1737],{"class":95},[14,121722,121723],{},[37,121724,2035],{},[54,121726,121728],{"className":56,"code":121727,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,121729,121730,121734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121731,121732],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121733,2340],{"class":99},[64,121735,121736,121738,121740,121742,121744,121746],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121737,3250],{"class":91},[64,121739,3253],{"class":2029},[64,121741,3256],{"class":1418},[64,121743,3406],{"class":1422},[64,121745,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121747,3264],{"class":91},[816,121749,121751],{"id":121750},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[54,121753,121755],{"className":56,"code":121754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,121756,121757,121766,121780,121784,121794],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121758,121759,121761,121763],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121760,40345],{"class":74},[64,121762,92],{"class":91},[64,121764,121765],{"class":99}," 3.14\n",[64,121767,121768,121770,121772,121774,121776,121778],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121769,34645],{"class":74},[64,121771,92],{"class":91},[64,121773,48862],{"class":1778},[64,121775,144],{"class":95},[64,121777,25104],{"class":140},[64,121779,150],{"class":95},[64,121781,121782],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,121783,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,121785,121786,121788,121790,121792],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,121787,212],{"class":211},[64,121789,144],{"class":95},[64,121791,34666],{"class":140},[64,121793,150],{"class":95},[64,121795,121796,121798,121800,121802,121804,121806],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,121797,212],{"class":211},[64,121799,144],{"class":95},[64,121801,1779],{"class":1778},[64,121803,144],{"class":95},[64,121805,34666],{"class":140},[64,121807,1737],{"class":95},[14,121809,121810],{},[37,121811,2035],{},[54,121813,121815],{"className":56,"code":121814,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,121816,121817,121821],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121818,121819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121820,40135],{"class":99},[64,121822,121823,121825,121827,121829,121831,121833],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121824,3250],{"class":91},[64,121826,3253],{"class":2029},[64,121828,3256],{"class":1418},[64,121830,3406],{"class":1422},[64,121832,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121834,3264],{"class":91},[816,121836,121838],{"id":121837},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[54,121840,121842],{"className":56,"code":121841,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,121843,121844,121852,121866,121870,121880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121845,121846,121848,121850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121847,2411],{"class":74},[64,121849,92],{"class":91},[64,121851,6392],{"class":3816},[64,121853,121854,121856,121858,121860,121862,121864],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121855,34645],{"class":74},[64,121857,92],{"class":91},[64,121859,48862],{"class":1778},[64,121861,144],{"class":95},[64,121863,2436],{"class":140},[64,121865,150],{"class":95},[64,121867,121868],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,121869,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,121871,121872,121874,121876,121878],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,121873,212],{"class":211},[64,121875,144],{"class":95},[64,121877,34666],{"class":140},[64,121879,150],{"class":95},[64,121881,121882,121884,121886,121888,121890,121892],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,121883,212],{"class":211},[64,121885,144],{"class":95},[64,121887,1779],{"class":1778},[64,121889,144],{"class":95},[64,121891,34666],{"class":140},[64,121893,1737],{"class":95},[14,121895,121896],{},[37,121897,2035],{},[54,121899,121901],{"className":56,"code":121900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,121902,121903,121907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121904,121905],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121906,3943],{"class":3816},[64,121908,121909,121911,121913,121915,121917,121919],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121910,3250],{"class":91},[64,121912,3253],{"class":2029},[64,121914,3256],{"class":1418},[64,121916,3406],{"class":1422},[64,121918,3261],{"class":1418},[64,121920,3264],{"class":91},[816,121922,121924],{"id":121923},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[54,121926,121928],{"className":56,"code":121927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,121929,121930,121950,121964,121968,121978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,121931,121932,121934,121936,121938,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121933,7749],{"class":74},[64,121935,92],{"class":91},[64,121937,112],{"class":95},[64,121939,100],{"class":99},[64,121941,103],{"class":95},[64,121943,106],{"class":99},[64,121945,103],{"class":95},[64,121947,743],{"class":99},[64,121949,746],{"class":95},[64,121951,121952,121954,121956,121958,121960,121962],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,121953,34645],{"class":74},[64,121955,92],{"class":91},[64,121957,48862],{"class":1778},[64,121959,144],{"class":95},[64,121961,7779],{"class":140},[64,121963,150],{"class":95},[64,121965,121966],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,121967,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,121969,121970,121972,121974,121976],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,121971,212],{"class":211},[64,121973,144],{"class":95},[64,121975,34666],{"class":140},[64,121977,150],{"class":95},[64,121979,121980,121982,121984,121986,121988,121990],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,121981,212],{"class":211},[64,121983,144],{"class":95},[64,121985,1779],{"class":1778},[64,121987,144],{"class":95},[64,121989,34666],{"class":140},[64,121991,1737],{"class":95},[14,121993,121994],{},[37,121995,2035],{},[54,121997,121999],{"className":56,"code":121998,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,122000,122001,122017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122004,184],{"class":95},[64,122006,100],{"class":99},[64,122008,103],{"class":95},[64,122010,106],{"class":99},[64,122012,103],{"class":95},[64,122014,743],{"class":99},[64,122016,746],{"class":95},[64,122018,122019,122021,122023,122025,122027,122029],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122020,3250],{"class":91},[64,122022,3253],{"class":2029},[64,122024,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122026,3406],{"class":1422},[64,122028,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122030,3264],{"class":91},[14,122032,122033,122034,122036],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[37,122035,300],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[49,122038,4925,122040],{"id":122039},"when-to-use-str",[61,122041,47641],{},[14,122043,256,122044,122046],{},[61,122045,47641],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122048,36383],{},[21,122050,122051,122054,122057,122060],{},[24,122052,122053],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[24,122055,122056],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[24,122058,122059],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[24,122061,122062],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122064,318],{},[54,122066,122068],{"className":56,"code":122067,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[61,122069,122070,122082,122090,122094,122129],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122071,122072,122074,122076,122078,122080],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122073,7846],{"class":74},[64,122075,92],{"class":91},[64,122077,3315],{"class":1418},[64,122079,11483],{"class":1422},[64,122081,3321],{"class":1418},[64,122083,122084,122086,122088],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122085,21581],{"class":74},[64,122087,92],{"class":91},[64,122089,45183],{"class":99},[64,122091,122092],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122093,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,122095,122096,122098,122100,122102,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124,122127],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,122097,89956],{"class":74},[64,122099,92],{"class":91},[64,122101,35926],{"class":74},[64,122103,2024],{"class":91},[64,122105,3315],{"class":1418},[64,122107,4747],{"class":1422},[64,122109,1419],{"class":1418},[64,122111,2418],{"class":91},[64,122113,48862],{"class":1778},[64,122115,144],{"class":95},[64,122117,9270],{"class":140},[64,122119,219],{"class":95},[64,122121,2418],{"class":91},[64,122123,3315],{"class":1418},[64,122125,122126],{"class":1422}," years old.",[64,122128,3321],{"class":1418},[64,122130,122131,122133,122135,122137],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,122132,212],{"class":211},[64,122134,144],{"class":95},[64,122136,89973],{"class":140},[64,122138,150],{"class":95},[14,122140,122141],{},[37,122142,2035],{},[54,122144,122146],{"className":56,"code":122145,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[61,122147,122148],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122149,122150,122153,122155,122157,122160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122151,122152],{"class":74},"Maya ",[64,122154,877],{"class":91},[64,122156,9277],{"class":99},[64,122158,122159],{"class":74}," years old",[64,122161,122162],{"class":95},".\n",[14,122164,122165,122166,137],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[543,122167,89642],{"href":89641},[49,122169,122171,10557,122173],{"id":122170},"str-vs-print",[61,122172,47641],{},[61,122174,46410],{},[14,122176,122177],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[21,122179,122180,122185],{},[24,122181,122182,122184],{},[61,122183,47641],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[24,122186,122187,122189],{},[61,122188,46410],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122191,318],{},[54,122193,122195],{"className":56,"code":122194,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[61,122196,122197,122205,122209,122223,122233,122247],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122198,122199,122201,122203],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122200,2411],{"class":74},[64,122202,92],{"class":91},[64,122204,2730],{"class":99},[64,122206,122207],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122208,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,122210,122211,122213,122215,122217,122219,122221],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122212,34645],{"class":74},[64,122214,92],{"class":91},[64,122216,48862],{"class":1778},[64,122218,144],{"class":95},[64,122220,2436],{"class":140},[64,122222,150],{"class":95},[64,122224,122225,122227,122229,122231],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,122226,212],{"class":211},[64,122228,144],{"class":95},[64,122230,34666],{"class":140},[64,122232,150],{"class":95},[64,122234,122235,122237,122239,122241,122243,122245],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,122236,212],{"class":211},[64,122238,144],{"class":95},[64,122240,1779],{"class":1778},[64,122242,144],{"class":95},[64,122244,34666],{"class":140},[64,122246,1737],{"class":95},[64,122248,122249,122251,122253,122255,122257,122259],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,122250,212],{"class":211},[64,122252,144],{"class":95},[64,122254,1779],{"class":1778},[64,122256,144],{"class":95},[64,122258,2436],{"class":140},[64,122260,1737],{"class":95},[14,122262,122263],{},[37,122264,2035],{},[54,122266,122268],{"className":56,"code":122267,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[61,122269,122270,122274,122288],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122271,122272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122273,46570],{"class":99},[64,122275,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284,122286],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122277,3250],{"class":91},[64,122279,3253],{"class":2029},[64,122281,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122283,3406],{"class":1422},[64,122285,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122287,3264],{"class":91},[64,122289,122290,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122291,3250],{"class":91},[64,122293,3253],{"class":2029},[64,122295,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122297,2152],{"class":1422},[64,122299,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122301,3264],{"class":91},[14,122303,122304],{},"Notice:",[21,122306,122307,122313,122318],{},[24,122308,122309,122312],{},[61,122310,122311],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[24,122314,122315,122317],{},[61,122316,46410],{}," only displayed values",[24,122319,122320,122322,122323,122325,122326,61250,122328],{},[61,122321,46410],{}," did not change ",[61,122324,2436],{}," from ",[61,122327,2152],{},[61,122329,3406],{},[14,122331,122332,122333,137],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[543,122334,122335,2267],{"href":46407},[61,122336,46410],{},[49,122338,122340,10557,122342,122345],{"id":122339},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[61,122341,47641],{},[61,122343,122344],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122347,122348],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[21,122350,122351,122356],{},[24,122352,122353,122355],{},[61,122354,47641],{}," is the more readable text version",[24,122357,122358,122360],{},[61,122359,122344],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122362,122363,122364,122366],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[61,122365,47641],{}," much more often.",[14,122368,122369,122370,122372],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[61,122371,47641],{}," is usually the right choice.",[49,122374,4483],{"id":4482},[816,122376,25729,122378,122380],{"id":122377},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[61,122379,47641],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122382,122383,122385],{},[61,122384,47641],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[54,122387,122389],{"className":56,"code":122388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,122390,122391,122399,122413,122417,122427,122441,122451],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122392,122393,122395,122397],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122394,21581],{"class":74},[64,122396,92],{"class":91},[64,122398,45183],{"class":99},[64,122400,122401,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122402,34645],{"class":74},[64,122404,92],{"class":91},[64,122406,48862],{"class":1778},[64,122408,144],{"class":95},[64,122410,9270],{"class":140},[64,122412,150],{"class":95},[64,122414,122415],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122416,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,122418,122419,122421,122423,122425],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,122420,212],{"class":211},[64,122422,144],{"class":95},[64,122424,9270],{"class":140},[64,122426,150],{"class":95},[64,122428,122429,122431,122433,122435,122437,122439],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,122430,212],{"class":211},[64,122432,144],{"class":95},[64,122434,1779],{"class":1778},[64,122436,144],{"class":95},[64,122438,9270],{"class":140},[64,122440,1737],{"class":95},[64,122442,122443,122445,122447,122449],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,122444,212],{"class":211},[64,122446,144],{"class":95},[64,122448,34666],{"class":140},[64,122450,150],{"class":95},[64,122452,122453,122455,122457,122459,122461,122463],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,122454,212],{"class":211},[64,122456,144],{"class":95},[64,122458,1779],{"class":1778},[64,122460,144],{"class":95},[64,122462,34666],{"class":140},[64,122464,1737],{"class":95},[14,122466,122467],{},[37,122468,2035],{},[54,122470,122472],{"className":56,"code":122471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,122473,122474,122478,122492,122496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122475,122476],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122477,2670],{"class":99},[64,122479,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488,122490],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122481,3250],{"class":91},[64,122483,3253],{"class":2029},[64,122485,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122487,2152],{"class":1422},[64,122489,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122491,3264],{"class":91},[64,122493,122494],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122495,2670],{"class":99},[64,122497,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506,122508],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,122499,3250],{"class":91},[64,122501,3253],{"class":2029},[64,122503,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122505,3406],{"class":1422},[64,122507,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122509,3264],{"class":91},[816,122511,122513],{"id":122512},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122515,6655],{},[54,122517,122519],{"className":56,"code":122518,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[61,122520,122521,122529],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122522,122523,122525,122527],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122524,21581],{"class":74},[64,122526,92],{"class":91},[64,122528,45183],{"class":99},[64,122530,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122532,34645],{"class":74},[64,122534,92],{"class":91},[64,122536,48862],{"class":1778},[64,122538,144],{"class":95},[64,122540,9270],{"class":140},[64,122542,150],{"class":95},[14,122544,122545],{},"But if you only do this:",[54,122547,122549],{"className":56,"code":122548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[61,122550,122551,122559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122552,122553,122555,122557],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122554,21581],{"class":74},[64,122556,92],{"class":91},[64,122558,45183],{"class":99},[64,122560,122561,122563,122565,122567],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122562,3406],{"class":1778},[64,122564,144],{"class":95},[64,122566,9270],{"class":140},[64,122568,150],{"class":95},[14,122570,122571],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[816,122573,1654,122575,122577],{"id":122574},"using-str-too-early",[61,122576,47641],{}," too early",[14,122579,122580],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[54,122582,122584],{"className":56,"code":122583,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[61,122585,122586,122594,122609,122613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122587,122588,122590,122592],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122589,40345],{"class":74},[64,122591,92],{"class":91},[64,122593,1583],{"class":99},[64,122595,122596,122599,122601,122603,122605,122607],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122597,122598],{"class":74},"text_price ",[64,122600,92],{"class":91},[64,122602,48862],{"class":1778},[64,122604,144],{"class":95},[64,122606,25104],{"class":140},[64,122608,150],{"class":95},[64,122610,122611],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122612,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,122614,122615],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,122616,122617],{"class":222},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122619,122620,122621,2839,122625,122629],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[543,122622,122623],{"href":2835},[61,122624,2838],{},[543,122626,122627],{"href":2842},[61,122628,2845],{},", depending on the situation.",[816,122631,8423,122633,122636],{"id":122632},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[61,122634,122635],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122638,64593],{},[54,122640,122642],{"className":56,"code":122641,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[61,122643,122644,122676],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122645,122646,122648,122650,122652,122654,122656,122658,122660,122662,122664,122666,122668,122670,122672,122674],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122647,7749],{"class":74},[64,122649,92],{"class":91},[64,122651,112],{"class":95},[64,122653,1419],{"class":1418},[64,122655,4043],{"class":1422},[64,122657,1419],{"class":1418},[64,122659,103],{"class":95},[64,122661,3315],{"class":1418},[64,122663,4052],{"class":1422},[64,122665,1419],{"class":1418},[64,122667,103],{"class":95},[64,122669,3315],{"class":1418},[64,122671,33177],{"class":1422},[64,122673,1419],{"class":1418},[64,122675,746],{"class":95},[64,122677,122678,122680,122682,122684,122686,122688],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122679,212],{"class":211},[64,122681,144],{"class":95},[64,122683,3406],{"class":1778},[64,122685,144],{"class":95},[64,122687,7779],{"class":140},[64,122689,1737],{"class":95},[14,122691,122692],{},"prints:",[54,122694,122695],{"className":56,"code":72786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,122696,122697],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122698,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707,122709,122711,122713,122715,122717,122719,122721,122723],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122700,184],{"class":95},[64,122702,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122704,4043],{"class":1422},[64,122706,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122708,103],{"class":95},[64,122710,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122712,4052],{"class":1422},[64,122714,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122716,103],{"class":95},[64,122718,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122720,33177],{"class":1422},[64,122722,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122724,746],{"class":95},[14,122726,122727],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[49,122729,17372],{"id":17371},[14,122731,122732,21928,122734,137],{},[61,122733,47641],{},[37,122735,122736],{},"new string",[14,122738,11432],{},[21,122740,122741,122744,122747],{},[24,122742,122743],{},"It always returns a string",[24,122745,122746],{},"It does not modify the original object",[24,122748,7732,122749,122753],{},[543,122750,122751],{"href":2264},[61,122752,1821],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122755,318],{},[54,122757,122759],{"className":56,"code":122758,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[61,122760,122761,122769,122784,122788,122799],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122762,122763,122765,122767],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122764,2411],{"class":74},[64,122766,92],{"class":91},[64,122768,14091],{"class":99},[64,122770,122771,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122772,122773],{"class":74},"converted ",[64,122775,92],{"class":91},[64,122777,48862],{"class":1778},[64,122779,144],{"class":95},[64,122781,2436],{"class":140},[64,122783,150],{"class":95},[64,122785,122786],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122787,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,122789,122790,122792,122794,122797],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,122791,212],{"class":211},[64,122793,144],{"class":95},[64,122795,122796],{"class":140},"converted",[64,122798,150],{"class":95},[64,122800,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,122802,212],{"class":211},[64,122804,144],{"class":95},[64,122806,1779],{"class":1778},[64,122808,144],{"class":95},[64,122810,122796],{"class":140},[64,122812,1737],{"class":95},[14,122814,122815],{},[37,122816,2035],{},[54,122818,122820],{"className":56,"code":122819,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,122821,122822,122827],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122823,122824],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122825,122826],{"class":99},"99\n",[64,122828,122829,122831,122833,122835,122837,122839],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122830,3250],{"class":91},[64,122832,3253],{"class":2029},[64,122834,3256],{"class":1418},[64,122836,3406],{"class":1422},[64,122838,3261],{"class":1418},[64,122840,3264],{"class":91},[49,122842,113674],{"id":113673},[14,122844,122845,122846,74764],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[61,122847,47641],{},[21,122849,122850,122853,122856,122861],{},[24,122851,122852],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[24,122854,122855],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[24,122857,1654,122858,122860],{},[61,122859,47641],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[24,122862,122863],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122865,122866,122867,137],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[543,122868,25634,122869],{"href":90354},[61,122870,90355],{},[49,122872,122874],{"id":122873},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122876,122877],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[54,122879,122881],{"className":56,"code":122880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[61,122882,122883,122891,122895,122905,122919,122923,122937,122947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,122884,122885,122887,122889],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122886,2411],{"class":74},[64,122888,92],{"class":91},[64,122890,45183],{"class":99},[64,122892,122893],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,122894,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,122896,122897,122899,122901,122903],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,122898,212],{"class":211},[64,122900,144],{"class":95},[64,122902,2436],{"class":140},[64,122904,150],{"class":95},[64,122906,122907,122909,122911,122913,122915,122917],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,122908,212],{"class":211},[64,122910,144],{"class":95},[64,122912,1779],{"class":1778},[64,122914,144],{"class":95},[64,122916,2436],{"class":140},[64,122918,1737],{"class":95},[64,122920,122921],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,122922,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,122924,122925,122927,122929,122931,122933,122935],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,122926,122773],{"class":74},[64,122928,92],{"class":91},[64,122930,48862],{"class":1778},[64,122932,144],{"class":95},[64,122934,2436],{"class":140},[64,122936,150],{"class":95},[64,122938,122939,122941,122943,122945],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,122940,212],{"class":211},[64,122942,144],{"class":95},[64,122944,122796],{"class":140},[64,122946,150],{"class":95},[64,122948,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957,122959],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,122950,212],{"class":211},[64,122952,144],{"class":95},[64,122954,1779],{"class":1778},[64,122956,144],{"class":95},[64,122958,122796],{"class":140},[64,122960,1737],{"class":95},[14,122962,122963,122964,2153,122966,122968,122969,137],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[61,122965,2152],{},[61,122967,2156],{},", or another type into ",[61,122970,3406],{},[49,122972,1826],{"id":1825},[816,122974,5107,122976,5110],{"id":122975},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[61,122977,47641],{},[14,122979,122980],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[816,122982,12670,122984,122986],{"id":122983},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[61,122985,47641],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122988,122989],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[816,122991,5135,122993,122995],{"id":122992},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[61,122994,47641],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122997,122998],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[816,123000,94539,123002,123004],{"id":123001},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[61,123003,47641],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123006,123007],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[816,123009,14857,123011,57156,123013,2456],{"id":123010},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[61,123012,47641],{},[61,123014,46410],{},[14,123016,46323,123017,123019,123020,123022],{},[61,123018,47641],{}," converts to text. ",[61,123021,46410],{}," shows output.",[49,123024,1865],{"id":1864},[21,123026,123027,123033,123039,123045,123051,123060,123064],{},[24,123028,123029],{},[543,123030,123031,3472],{"href":46407},[61,123032,46410],{},[24,123034,123035],{},[543,123036,123037,3472],{"href":2264},[61,123038,1821],{},[24,123040,123041],{},[543,123042,123043,3472],{"href":2835},[61,123044,2838],{},[24,123046,123047],{},[543,123048,123049,3472],{"href":2842},[61,123050,2845],{},[24,123052,123053],{},[543,123054,123056,123057,123059],{"href":123055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[61,123058,2152],{}," to string in Python",[24,123061,123062],{},[543,123063,90632],{"href":89641},[24,123065,123066],{},[543,123067,30302,123068],{"href":90354},[61,123069,90355],{},[1898,123071,123072],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":123074},[123075,123076,123078,123079,123085,123087,123089,123091,123100,123101,123102,123103,123115],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":121493,"depth":78,"text":123077},"What str() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":121660,"depth":78,"text":121661,"children":123080},[123081,123082,123083,123084],{"id":121664,"depth":85,"text":121665},{"id":121750,"depth":85,"text":121751},{"id":121837,"depth":85,"text":121838},{"id":121923,"depth":85,"text":121924},{"id":122039,"depth":78,"text":123086},"When to use str()",{"id":122170,"depth":78,"text":123088},"str() vs print()",{"id":122339,"depth":78,"text":123090},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":123092},[123093,123095,123096,123098],{"id":122377,"depth":85,"text":123094},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122512,"depth":85,"text":122513},{"id":122574,"depth":85,"text":123097},"Using str() too early",{"id":122632,"depth":85,"text":123099},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":113673,"depth":78,"text":113674},{"id":122873,"depth":78,"text":122874},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":123104},[123105,123107,123109,123111,123113],{"id":122975,"depth":85,"text":123106},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122983,"depth":85,"text":123108},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122992,"depth":85,"text":123110},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123001,"depth":85,"text":123112},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123010,"depth":85,"text":123114},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42135,"description":123116},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123123,"title":123124,"body":123125,"description":124578,"extension":1927,"meta":124579,"navigation":81,"path":124580,"seo":124581,"stem":124582,"__hash__":124583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123126,"toc":124540},[123127,123133,123139,123142,123164,123166,123228,123230,123243,123249,123254,123259,123261,123274,123285,123287,123314,123316,123333,123340,123351,123353,123358,123360,123372,123380,123389,123391,123394,123447,123449,123457,123465,123469,123474,123514,123516,123524,123527,123529,123569,123571,123579,123589,123595,123598,123671,123673,123686,123690,123695,123723,123726,123761,123763,123771,123774,123778,123782,123784,123800,123802,123842,123844,123852,123861,123904,123906,123914,123916,123920,123926,123929,123969,123971,123979,123984,123987,124030,124034,124037,124072,124077,124079,124118,124128,124136,124146,124154,124158,124163,124165,124206,124208,124216,124221,124224,124227,124245,124251,124255,124260,124263,124303,124305,124310,124409,124412,124428,124430,124449,124451,124458,124461,124467,124470,124476,124480,124486,124489,124495,124498,124500,124537],[10,123128,123130,123131,11295],{"id":123129},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[61,123132,57239],{},[14,123134,123135,123136,123138],{},"The Python string ",[61,123137,57239],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123140,123141],{},"This reference page explains:",[21,123143,123144,123148,123151,123153,123161],{},[24,123145,25974,123146,3642],{},[61,123147,57239],{},[24,123149,123150],{},"its syntax",[24,123152,35351],{},[24,123154,123155,123156,40,123158,123160],{},"how ",[61,123157,36030],{},[61,123159,52620],{}," work",[24,123162,123163],{},"common beginner mistakes",[49,123165,52],{"id":51},[54,123167,123169],{"className":56,"code":123168,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[61,123170,123171,123183,123205],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123172,123173,123175,123177,123179,123181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123174,34645],{"class":74},[64,123176,92],{"class":91},[64,123178,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123180,4052],{"class":1422},[64,123182,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123184,123185,123187,123189,123191,123193,123195,123197,123199,123201,123203],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123186,212],{"class":211},[64,123188,144],{"class":95},[64,123190,34666],{"class":140},[64,123192,137],{"class":95},[64,123194,41218],{"class":140},[64,123196,144],{"class":95},[64,123198,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123200,543],{"class":1422},[64,123202,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123204,1737],{"class":95},[64,123206,123207,123209,123211,123213,123215,123217,123219,123221,123224,123226],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,123208,212],{"class":211},[64,123210,144],{"class":95},[64,123212,34666],{"class":140},[64,123214,137],{"class":95},[64,123216,41218],{"class":140},[64,123218,144],{"class":95},[64,123220,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123222,123223],{"class":1422},"na",[64,123225,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123227,1737],{"class":95},[14,123229,2035],{},[54,123231,123233],{"className":56,"code":123232,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"3\n2\n",[61,123234,123235,123239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123236,123237],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123238,46575],{"class":99},[64,123240,123241],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123242,17009],{"class":99},[14,123244,256,123245,123248],{},[61,123246,123247],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[49,123250,12961,123252,12964],{"id":123251},"what-the-count-method-does",[61,123253,57239],{},[14,123255,123256,123258],{},[61,123257,57239],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123260,13017],{},[21,123262,123263,123266,123269,123271],{},[24,123264,123265],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[24,123267,123268],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[24,123270,43617],{},[24,123272,123273],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123275,123276,123277,123279,123280,2153,123282,123284],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[61,123278,18049],{}," characters are in ",[61,123281,65224],{},[61,123283,57239],{}," is a simple choice.",[49,123286,2120],{"id":2119},[54,123288,123290],{"className":56,"code":123289,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[61,123291,123292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123293,123294,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123295,61123],{"class":74},[64,123297,137],{"class":95},[64,123299,41218],{"class":140},[64,123301,144],{"class":95},[64,123303,2436],{"class":140},[64,123305,103],{"class":95},[64,123307,36009],{"class":140},[64,123309,103],{"class":95},[64,123311,64990],{"class":140},[64,123313,150],{"class":95},[816,123315,17348],{"id":17347},[21,123317,123318,123323,123328],{},[24,123319,123320,123322],{},[61,123321,2436],{},": the text to search for",[24,123324,123325,123327],{},[61,123326,36030],{},": optional; where counting begins",[24,123329,123330,123332],{},[61,123331,52620],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123334,123335,40,123337,123339],{},[61,123336,36030],{},[61,123338,52620],{}," work like slice positions:",[21,123341,123342,123347],{},[24,123343,123344,123346],{},[61,123345,36030],{}," is included",[24,123348,123349,75690],{},[61,123350,52620],{},[49,123352,17372],{"id":17371},[14,123354,123355,123357],{},[61,123356,57239],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123359,1151],{},[21,123361,123362,123367],{},[24,123363,123364,123365],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[61,123366,115],{},[24,123368,123369,123370],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[61,123371,187],{},[14,123373,40864,123374,5126,123376,2839,123378,137],{},[37,123375,300],{},[61,123377,3567],{},[61,123379,3635],{},[14,123381,123382,123383,123388],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[543,123384,123386,101548],{"href":123385},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[61,123387,3847],{}," is often a better fit.",[49,123390,11449],{"id":11448},[14,123392,123393],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[54,123395,123397],{"className":56,"code":123396,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,123398,123399,123411,123433,123437],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123400,123401,123403,123405,123407,123409],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123402,34645],{"class":74},[64,123404,92],{"class":91},[64,123406,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123408,4043],{"class":1422},[64,123410,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123412,123413,123415,123417,123419,123421,123423,123425,123427,123429,123431],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123414,2194],{"class":74},[64,123416,92],{"class":91},[64,123418,42801],{"class":74},[64,123420,137],{"class":95},[64,123422,41218],{"class":140},[64,123424,144],{"class":95},[64,123426,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123428,14],{"class":1422},[64,123430,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123432,150],{"class":95},[64,123434,123435],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,123436,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,123438,123439,123441,123443,123445],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,123440,212],{"class":211},[64,123442,144],{"class":95},[64,123444,2229],{"class":140},[64,123446,150],{"class":95},[14,123448,2035],{},[54,123450,123451],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,123452,123453],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123454,123455],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123456,17009],{"class":99},[14,123458,63769,123459,123462,123463,137],{},[61,123460,123461],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[61,123464,57782],{},[49,123466,123468],{"id":123467},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123470,123471,123473],{},[61,123472,57239],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[54,123475,123477],{"className":56,"code":123476,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[61,123478,123479,123492],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123480,123481,123483,123485,123487,123490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123482,34645],{"class":74},[64,123484,92],{"class":91},[64,123486,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123488,123489],{"class":1422},"cat dog cat bird cat",[64,123491,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123493,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510,123512],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123495,212],{"class":211},[64,123497,144],{"class":95},[64,123499,34666],{"class":140},[64,123501,137],{"class":95},[64,123503,41218],{"class":140},[64,123505,144],{"class":95},[64,123507,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123509,37004],{"class":1422},[64,123511,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123513,1737],{"class":95},[14,123515,2035],{},[54,123517,123518],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,123519,123520],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123521,123522],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123523,46575],{"class":99},[14,123525,123526],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123528,318],{},[54,123530,123532],{"className":56,"code":123531,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[61,123533,123534,123547],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123535,123536,123538,123540,123542,123545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123537,34645],{"class":74},[64,123539,92],{"class":91},[64,123541,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123543,123544],{"class":1422},"one One one",[64,123546,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123548,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123550,212],{"class":211},[64,123552,144],{"class":95},[64,123554,34666],{"class":140},[64,123556,137],{"class":95},[64,123558,41218],{"class":140},[64,123560,144],{"class":95},[64,123562,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123564,6552],{"class":1422},[64,123566,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123568,1737],{"class":95},[14,123570,2035],{},[54,123572,123573],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,123574,123575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123576,123577],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123578,17009],{"class":99},[14,123580,123581,123582,123585,123586,123588],{},"The uppercase ",[61,123583,123584],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[61,123587,57239],{}," is case-sensitive.",[49,123590,1654,123591,40,123593],{"id":65356},[61,123592,36030],{},[61,123594,52620],{},[14,123596,123597],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[54,123599,123601],{"className":56,"code":123600,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[61,123602,123603,123615,123641],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123604,123605,123607,123609,123611,123613],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123606,34645],{"class":74},[64,123608,92],{"class":91},[64,123610,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123612,4052],{"class":1422},[64,123614,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123616,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637,123639],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123618,212],{"class":211},[64,123620,144],{"class":95},[64,123622,34666],{"class":140},[64,123624,137],{"class":95},[64,123626,41218],{"class":140},[64,123628,144],{"class":95},[64,123630,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123632,543],{"class":1422},[64,123634,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123636,103],{"class":95},[64,123638,106],{"class":99},[64,123640,1737],{"class":95},[64,123642,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,123644,212],{"class":211},[64,123646,144],{"class":95},[64,123648,34666],{"class":140},[64,123650,137],{"class":95},[64,123652,41218],{"class":140},[64,123654,144],{"class":95},[64,123656,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123658,543],{"class":1422},[64,123660,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123662,103],{"class":95},[64,123664,106],{"class":99},[64,123666,103],{"class":95},[64,123668,4570],{"class":99},[64,123670,1737],{"class":95},[14,123672,2035],{},[54,123674,123676],{"className":56,"code":123675,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"2\n1\n",[61,123677,123678,123682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123679,123680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123681,17009],{"class":99},[64,123683,123684],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123685,46875],{"class":99},[816,123687,123689],{"id":123688},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123691,123692,123693,1117],{},"In ",[61,123694,65224],{},[21,123696,123697,123705,123713],{},[24,123698,70915,123699,123701,123702],{},[61,123700,2021],{}," starts at the first ",[61,123703,123704],{},"\"n\"",[24,123706,123707,123710,123711,75988],{},[61,123708,123709],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[61,123712,2021],{},[24,123714,123715,123710,123718,123720,123721],{},[61,123716,123717],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[61,123719,2021],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[61,123722,385],{},[14,123724,123725],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[54,123727,123729],{"className":56,"code":123728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[61,123730,123731,123743],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123732,123733,123735,123737,123739,123741],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123734,34645],{"class":74},[64,123736,92],{"class":91},[64,123738,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123740,4052],{"class":1422},[64,123742,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123744,123745,123747,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757,123759],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123746,212],{"class":211},[64,123748,144],{"class":95},[64,123750,34666],{"class":140},[64,123752,184],{"class":95},[64,123754,2021],{"class":99},[64,123756,1117],{"class":95},[64,123758,385],{"class":99},[64,123760,393],{"class":95},[14,123762,2035],{},[54,123764,123765],{"className":56,"code":41427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,123766,123767],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123768,123769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123770,41427],{"class":74},[14,123772,123773],{},"Only that section is searched.",[49,123775,123777],{"id":123776},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123779,123780,123588],{},[61,123781,57239],{},[14,123783,304],{},[21,123785,123786,123794],{},[24,123787,123788,40,123790,123793],{},[61,123789,18049],{},[61,123791,123792],{},"\"A\""," are different",[24,123795,123796,40,123798,123793],{},[61,123797,64484],{},[61,123799,90367],{},[14,123801,318],{},[54,123803,123805],{"className":56,"code":123804,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[61,123806,123807,123820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123808,123809,123811,123813,123815,123818],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123810,34645],{"class":74},[64,123812,92],{"class":91},[64,123814,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123816,123817],{"class":1422},"Apple apple APPLE",[64,123819,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123821,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123823,212],{"class":211},[64,123825,144],{"class":95},[64,123827,34666],{"class":140},[64,123829,137],{"class":95},[64,123831,41218],{"class":140},[64,123833,144],{"class":95},[64,123835,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123837,4043],{"class":1422},[64,123839,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123841,1737],{"class":95},[14,123843,2035],{},[54,123845,123846],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,123847,123848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123849,123850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123851,46875],{"class":99},[14,123853,123854,123855,1117],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[543,123856,123858],{"href":123857},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[61,123859,123860],{},"lower()",[54,123862,123864],{"className":56,"code":123863,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[61,123865,123866,123878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123867,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123869,34645],{"class":74},[64,123871,92],{"class":91},[64,123873,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123875,123817],{"class":1422},[64,123877,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123879,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894,123896,123898,123900,123902],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123881,212],{"class":211},[64,123883,144],{"class":95},[64,123885,34666],{"class":140},[64,123887,137],{"class":95},[64,123889,8611],{"class":140},[64,123891,8608],{"class":95},[64,123893,41218],{"class":140},[64,123895,144],{"class":95},[64,123897,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123899,4043],{"class":1422},[64,123901,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123903,1737],{"class":95},[14,123905,2035],{},[54,123907,123908],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,123909,123910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123911,123912],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123913,46575],{"class":99},[49,123915,1646],{"id":1645},[14,123917,23048,123918,137],{},[61,123919,57239],{},[816,123921,8423,123923,123925],{"id":123922},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[61,123924,57239],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123927,123928],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[54,123930,123932],{"className":56,"code":123931,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[61,123933,123934,123947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123935,123936,123938,123940,123942,123945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123937,34645],{"class":74},[64,123939,92],{"class":91},[64,123941,3315],{"class":1418},[64,123943,123944],{"class":1422},"Aardvark",[64,123946,3321],{"class":1418},[64,123948,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,123950,212],{"class":211},[64,123952,144],{"class":95},[64,123954,34666],{"class":140},[64,123956,137],{"class":95},[64,123958,41218],{"class":140},[64,123960,144],{"class":95},[64,123962,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123964,543],{"class":1422},[64,123966,1419],{"class":1418},[64,123968,1737],{"class":95},[14,123970,2035],{},[54,123972,123973],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,123974,123975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123976,123977],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123978,17009],{"class":99},[14,123980,123581,123981,123983],{},[61,123982,123792],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123985,123986],{},"If needed, convert first:",[54,123988,123990],{"className":56,"code":123989,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[61,123991,123992,124004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,123993,123994,123996,123998,124000,124002],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123995,34645],{"class":74},[64,123997,92],{"class":91},[64,123999,3315],{"class":1418},[64,124001,123944],{"class":1422},[64,124003,3321],{"class":1418},[64,124005,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124007,212],{"class":211},[64,124009,144],{"class":95},[64,124011,34666],{"class":140},[64,124013,137],{"class":95},[64,124015,8611],{"class":140},[64,124017,8608],{"class":95},[64,124019,41218],{"class":140},[64,124021,144],{"class":95},[64,124023,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124025,543],{"class":1422},[64,124027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124029,1737],{"class":95},[816,124031,124033],{"id":124032},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124035,124036],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[54,124038,124040],{"className":56,"code":124039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[61,124041,124042,124054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124043,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124045,34645],{"class":74},[64,124047,92],{"class":91},[64,124049,3315],{"class":1418},[64,124051,4052],{"class":1422},[64,124053,3321],{"class":1418},[64,124055,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124057,212],{"class":211},[64,124059,144],{"class":95},[64,124061,34666],{"class":140},[64,124063,137],{"class":95},[64,124065,41218],{"class":140},[64,124067,144],{"class":95},[64,124069,543],{"class":140},[64,124071,1737],{"class":95},[14,124073,124074,124075,137],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[61,124076,543],{},[14,124078,10779],{},[54,124080,124082],{"className":56,"code":124081,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[61,124083,124084,124096],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124085,124086,124088,124090,124092,124094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124087,34645],{"class":74},[64,124089,92],{"class":91},[64,124091,3315],{"class":1418},[64,124093,4052],{"class":1422},[64,124095,3321],{"class":1418},[64,124097,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124099,212],{"class":211},[64,124101,144],{"class":95},[64,124103,34666],{"class":140},[64,124105,137],{"class":95},[64,124107,41218],{"class":140},[64,124109,144],{"class":95},[64,124111,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124113,543],{"class":1422},[64,124115,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124117,1737],{"class":95},[816,124119,37161,124121,8675,124123,2839,124126],{"id":124120},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[61,124122,57239],{},[61,124124,124125],{},"find()",[61,124127,58916],{},[14,124129,256,124130,124132,124133,137],{},[61,124131,57239],{}," when you need the ",[37,124134,124135],{},"number of matches",[14,124137,256,124138,124132,124143,124145],{},[543,124139,124141],{"href":124140},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[61,124142,124125],{},[37,124144,64896],{}," of the first match.",[14,124147,256,124148,124153],{},[543,124149,124151],{"href":124150},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[61,124152,58916],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[816,124155,124157],{"id":124156},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124159,124160,124162],{},[61,124161,57239],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124164,318],{},[54,124166,124168],{"className":56,"code":124167,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[61,124169,124170,124183],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124171,124172,124174,124176,124178,124181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124173,34645],{"class":74},[64,124175,92],{"class":91},[64,124177,3315],{"class":1418},[64,124179,124180],{"class":1422},"aaaa",[64,124182,3321],{"class":1418},[64,124184,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124202,124204],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124186,212],{"class":211},[64,124188,144],{"class":95},[64,124190,34666],{"class":140},[64,124192,137],{"class":95},[64,124194,41218],{"class":140},[64,124196,144],{"class":95},[64,124198,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124200,124201],{"class":1422},"aa",[64,124203,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124205,1737],{"class":95},[14,124207,2035],{},[54,124209,124210],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,124211,124212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124213,124214],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124215,17009],{"class":99},[14,124217,124218,124219,137],{},"It does not return ",[61,124220,115],{},[14,124222,124223],{},"Why not?",[14,124225,124226],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[21,124228,124229,124238],{},[24,124230,124231,124234,124235],{},[61,124232,124233],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[61,124236,124237],{},"0-1",[24,124239,124240,124234,124242],{},[61,124241,124233],{},[61,124243,124244],{},"2-3",[14,124246,124247,124248,137],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[61,124249,124250],{},"1-2",[49,124252,4925,124253],{"id":58322},[61,124254,57239],{},[14,124256,256,124257,124259],{},[61,124258,57239],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124261,124262],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[21,124264,124265,124274,124284,124294],{},[24,124266,256,124267,124269,124270,124273],{},[61,124268,57239],{}," when you need ",[37,124271,124272],{},"how many times"," something appears",[24,124275,256,124276,124269,124280,124283],{},[543,124277,124278],{"href":124140},[61,124279,124125],{},[37,124281,124282],{},"where"," it appears",[24,124285,47768,124286,124290,124291],{},[543,124287,124288,101548],{"href":123385},[61,124289,3847],{}," when you only need to know ",[37,124292,124293],{},"if it exists",[24,124295,256,124296,124302],{},[543,124297,124299],{"href":124298},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[61,124300,124301],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[49,124304,25897],{"id":25896},[14,124306,8846,124307,124309],{},[61,124308,57239],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[54,124311,124313],{"className":56,"code":124312,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[61,124314,124315,124325,124339,124361,124387],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124316,124317,124319,124321,124323],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124318,212],{"class":211},[64,124320,144],{"class":95},[64,124322,34666],{"class":140},[64,124324,150],{"class":95},[64,124326,124327,124329,124331,124333,124335,124337],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124328,212],{"class":211},[64,124330,144],{"class":95},[64,124332,1779],{"class":1778},[64,124334,144],{"class":95},[64,124336,34666],{"class":140},[64,124338,1737],{"class":95},[64,124340,124341,124343,124345,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357,124359],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,124342,212],{"class":211},[64,124344,144],{"class":95},[64,124346,34666],{"class":140},[64,124348,137],{"class":95},[64,124350,41218],{"class":140},[64,124352,144],{"class":95},[64,124354,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124356,543],{"class":1422},[64,124358,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124360,1737],{"class":95},[64,124362,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371,124373,124375,124377,124379,124381,124383,124385],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,124364,212],{"class":211},[64,124366,144],{"class":95},[64,124368,34666],{"class":140},[64,124370,137],{"class":95},[64,124372,8611],{"class":140},[64,124374,8608],{"class":95},[64,124376,41218],{"class":140},[64,124378,144],{"class":95},[64,124380,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124382,543],{"class":1422},[64,124384,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124386,1737],{"class":95},[64,124388,124389,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405,124407],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,124390,212],{"class":211},[64,124392,144],{"class":95},[64,124394,34666],{"class":140},[64,124396,137],{"class":95},[64,124398,41218],{"class":140},[64,124400,144],{"class":95},[64,124402,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124404,123223],{"class":1422},[64,124406,1419],{"class":1418},[64,124408,1737],{"class":95},[14,124410,124411],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[21,124413,124414,124417,124422,124425],{},[24,124415,124416],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[24,124418,124419,124421],{},[61,124420,34666],{}," not being a string",[24,124423,124424],{},"counting the wrong substring",[24,124426,124427],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124429,58810],{},[21,124431,124432,124435,124438,124441],{},[24,124433,124434],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[24,124436,124437],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[24,124439,124440],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[24,124442,50450,124443,44587,124445,2839,124447,73260],{},[61,124444,57239],{},[61,124446,124125],{},[61,124448,3847],{},[49,124450,1826],{"id":1825},[816,124452,124454,124455,124457],{"id":124453},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[61,124456,57239],{}," change the original string?",[14,124459,124460],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[816,124462,14857,124464,124466],{"id":124463},"is-count-case-sensitive",[61,124465,57239],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124468,124469],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[816,124471,5107,124473,124475],{"id":124472},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[61,124474,57239],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124477,5113,124478,137],{},[61,124479,187],{},[816,124481,5135,124483,124485],{"id":124482},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[61,124484,57239],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124487,124488],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[816,124490,12670,124492,124494],{"id":124491},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[61,124493,57239],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124496,124497],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[49,124499,1865],{"id":1864},[21,124501,124502,124509,124516,124523,124530],{},[24,124503,124504],{},[543,124505,124506],{"href":124140},[61,124507,124508],{},"Python string find() method",[24,124510,124511],{},[543,124512,124513],{"href":124150},[61,124514,124515],{},"Python string index() method",[24,124517,124518],{},[543,124519,124520],{"href":123857},[61,124521,124522],{},"Python string lower() method",[24,124524,124525],{},[543,124526,124527],{"href":123385},[61,124528,124529],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[24,124531,124532],{},[543,124533,124534],{"href":124298},[61,124535,124536],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1898,124538,124539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":124541},[124542,124543,124545,124548,124549,124550,124551,124554,124555,124563,124564,124565,124577],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":123251,"depth":78,"text":124544},"What the count() method does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":124546},[124547],{"id":17347,"depth":85,"text":17348},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":123467,"depth":78,"text":123468},{"id":65356,"depth":78,"text":66139,"children":124552},[124553],{"id":123688,"depth":85,"text":123689},{"id":123776,"depth":78,"text":123777},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":124556},[124557,124559,124560,124562],{"id":123922,"depth":85,"text":124558},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124032,"depth":85,"text":124033},{"id":124120,"depth":85,"text":124561},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124156,"depth":85,"text":124157},{"id":58322,"depth":78,"text":58952},{"id":25896,"depth":78,"text":25897},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":124566},[124567,124569,124571,124573,124575],{"id":124453,"depth":85,"text":124568},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124463,"depth":85,"text":124570},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124472,"depth":85,"text":124572},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124482,"depth":85,"text":124574},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124491,"depth":85,"text":124576},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123124,"description":124578},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124585,"title":124586,"body":124587,"description":126172,"extension":1927,"meta":126173,"navigation":81,"path":126174,"seo":126175,"stem":126176,"__hash__":126177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124588,"toc":126145},[124589,124592,124595,124692,124701,124703,124722,124726,124729,124732,124745,124748,124777,124782,124787,124845,124847,124880,124886,124890,124893,124896,124925,124928,124955,124958,124961,124965,124968,124975,125038,125040,125058,125061,125065,125068,125071,125113,125116,125160,125163,125166,125170,125175,125178,125221,125223,125246,125249,125282,125285,125334,125344,125348,125351,125354,125383,125386,125397,125399,125458,125461,125465,125468,125471,125486,125495,125498,125532,125535,125562,125565,125572,125574,125577,125579,125582,125596,125605,125607,125634,125638,125641,125655,125658,125717,125721,125724,125751,125754,125781,125789,125792,125852,125854,125887,125891,125894,125913,125918,125967,125972,125974,125977,126036,126054,126056,126060,126068,126072,126075,126079,126085,126089,126099,126103,126106,126108,126142],[10,124590,124586],{"id":124591},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124593,124594],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[54,124596,124598],{"className":56,"code":124597,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[61,124599,124600,124612,124624,124633,124647,124651,124661,124671,124682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124601,124602,124604,124606,124608,124610],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124603,7846],{"class":74},[64,124605,92],{"class":91},[64,124607,3315],{"class":1418},[64,124609,4968],{"class":1422},[64,124611,3321],{"class":1418},[64,124613,124614,124616,124618,124620,124622],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124615,89956],{"class":74},[64,124617,92],{"class":91},[64,124619,3256],{"class":1418},[64,124621,34825],{"class":1422},[64,124623,29654],{"class":1418},[64,124625,124626,124629,124631],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,124627,124628],{"class":74},"empty ",[64,124630,92],{"class":91},[64,124632,7851],{"class":1418},[64,124634,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643,124645],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,124636,34645],{"class":74},[64,124638,92],{"class":91},[64,124640,48862],{"class":1778},[64,124642,144],{"class":95},[64,124644,50204],{"class":99},[64,124646,150],{"class":95},[64,124648,124649],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,124650,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,124652,124653,124655,124657,124659],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,124654,212],{"class":211},[64,124656,144],{"class":95},[64,124658,7637],{"class":140},[64,124660,150],{"class":95},[64,124662,124663,124665,124667,124669],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,124664,212],{"class":211},[64,124666,144],{"class":95},[64,124668,89973],{"class":140},[64,124670,150],{"class":95},[64,124672,124673,124675,124677,124680],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,124674,212],{"class":211},[64,124676,144],{"class":95},[64,124678,124679],{"class":140},"empty",[64,124681,150],{"class":95},[64,124683,124684,124686,124688,124690],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,124685,212],{"class":211},[64,124687,144],{"class":95},[64,124689,34666],{"class":140},[64,124691,150],{"class":95},[14,124693,124694,124697,124698,124700],{},[37,124695,124696],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[61,124699,47641],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[49,124702,15116],{"id":15115},[21,124704,124705,124708,124711,124714,124719],{},[24,124706,124707],{},"What a string is in Python",[24,124709,124710],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[24,124712,124713],{},"How to create an empty string",[24,124715,124716,124717],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[61,124718,47641],{},[24,124720,124721],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[49,124723,124725],{"id":124724},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124727,124728],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124730,124731],{},"Strings can contain:",[21,124733,124734,124737,124739,124742],{},[24,124735,124736],{},"Letters",[24,124738,56414],{},[24,124740,124741],{},"Spaces",[24,124743,124744],{},"Symbols",[14,124746,124747],{},"Examples of strings:",[54,124749,124751],{"className":56,"code":124750,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[61,124752,124753,124761,124769],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124754,124755,124757,124759],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124756,1419],{"class":43288},[64,124758,3809],{"class":43292},[64,124760,3321],{"class":43288},[64,124762,124763,124765,124767],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124764,1419],{"class":43288},[64,124766,50204],{"class":43292},[64,124768,3321],{"class":43288},[64,124770,124771,124773,124775],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,124772,1419],{"class":43288},[64,124774,89098],{"class":43292},[64,124776,3321],{"class":43288},[14,124778,20931,124779,124781],{},[61,124780,50254],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124783,124784,124785,1117],{},"You can check the type with ",[61,124786,1821],{},[54,124788,124790],{"className":56,"code":124789,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[61,124791,124792,124804,124813,124817,124831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124793,124794,124796,124798,124800,124802],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124795,34645],{"class":74},[64,124797,92],{"class":91},[64,124799,3315],{"class":1418},[64,124801,50204],{"class":1422},[64,124803,3321],{"class":1418},[64,124805,124806,124808,124810],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124807,2181],{"class":74},[64,124809,92],{"class":91},[64,124811,124812],{"class":99}," 123\n",[64,124814,124815],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,124816,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,124818,124819,124821,124823,124825,124827,124829],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,124820,212],{"class":211},[64,124822,144],{"class":95},[64,124824,1779],{"class":1778},[64,124826,144],{"class":95},[64,124828,34666],{"class":140},[64,124830,1737],{"class":95},[64,124832,124833,124835,124837,124839,124841,124843],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,124834,212],{"class":211},[64,124836,144],{"class":95},[64,124838,1779],{"class":1778},[64,124840,144],{"class":95},[64,124842,2204],{"class":140},[64,124844,1737],{"class":95},[14,124846,2035],{},[54,124848,124850],{"className":56,"code":124849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[61,124851,124852,124866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124853,124854,124856,124858,124860,124862,124864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124855,3250],{"class":91},[64,124857,3253],{"class":2029},[64,124859,3256],{"class":1418},[64,124861,3406],{"class":1422},[64,124863,3261],{"class":1418},[64,124865,3264],{"class":91},[64,124867,124868,124870,124872,124874,124876,124878],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124869,3250],{"class":91},[64,124871,3253],{"class":2029},[64,124873,3256],{"class":1418},[64,124875,2152],{"class":1422},[64,124877,3261],{"class":1418},[64,124879,3264],{"class":91},[14,124881,124882,124883,137],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[543,124884,124885],{"href":50934},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[49,124887,124889],{"id":124888},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124891,124892],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124894,124895],{},"You can use single quotes:",[54,124897,124899],{"className":56,"code":124898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[61,124900,124901,124914],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124902,124903,124906,124908,124910,124912],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124904,124905],{"class":74},"greeting ",[64,124907,92],{"class":91},[64,124909,3256],{"class":1418},[64,124911,3809],{"class":1422},[64,124913,29654],{"class":1418},[64,124915,124916,124918,124920,124923],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124917,212],{"class":211},[64,124919,144],{"class":95},[64,124921,124922],{"class":140},"greeting",[64,124924,150],{"class":95},[14,124926,124927],{},"Or double quotes:",[54,124929,124931],{"className":56,"code":124930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[61,124932,124933,124945],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124934,124935,124937,124939,124941,124943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124936,124905],{"class":74},[64,124938,92],{"class":91},[64,124940,3315],{"class":1418},[64,124942,3809],{"class":1422},[64,124944,3321],{"class":1418},[64,124946,124947,124949,124951,124953],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124948,212],{"class":211},[64,124950,144],{"class":95},[64,124952,124922],{"class":140},[64,124954,150],{"class":95},[14,124956,124957],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,124959,124960],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[49,124962,124964],{"id":124963},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,124966,124967],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,124969,124970,124971,2839,124973,1117],{},"Use either ",[61,124972,6241],{},[61,124974,3736],{},[54,124976,124978],{"className":56,"code":124977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[61,124979,124980,124989,124998,125002,125013,125024],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,124981,124982,124985,124987],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124983,124984],{"class":74},"empty1 ",[64,124986,92],{"class":91},[64,124988,7851],{"class":1418},[64,124990,124991,124994,124996],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,124992,124993],{"class":74},"empty2 ",[64,124995,92],{"class":91},[64,124997,47454],{"class":1418},[64,124999,125000],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125001,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125003,125004,125006,125008,125011],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125005,212],{"class":211},[64,125007,144],{"class":95},[64,125009,125010],{"class":140},"empty1",[64,125012,150],{"class":95},[64,125014,125015,125017,125019,125022],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,125016,212],{"class":211},[64,125018,144],{"class":95},[64,125020,125021],{"class":140},"empty2",[64,125023,150],{"class":95},[64,125025,125026,125028,125030,125032,125034,125036],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,125027,212],{"class":211},[64,125029,144],{"class":95},[64,125031,1779],{"class":1778},[64,125033,144],{"class":95},[64,125035,125010],{"class":140},[64,125037,1737],{"class":95},[14,125039,2035],{},[54,125041,125042],{"className":56,"code":45728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,125043,125044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125045,125046,125048,125050,125052,125054,125056],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125047,3250],{"class":91},[64,125049,3253],{"class":2029},[64,125051,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125053,3406],{"class":1422},[64,125055,3261],{"class":1418},[64,125057,3264],{"class":91},[14,125059,125060],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[49,125062,125064],{"id":125063},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125066,125067],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125069,125070],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[54,125072,125074],{"className":56,"code":125073,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[61,125075,125076,125087,125092,125099,125103],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125077,125078,125080,125082,125085],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125079,89956],{"class":74},[64,125081,92],{"class":91},[64,125083,125084],{"class":1418}," \"\"\"",[64,125086,88898],{"class":1422},[64,125088,125089],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125090,125091],{"class":1422},"Welcome to Python\n",[64,125093,125094,125097],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125095,125096],{"class":1422},"Have a nice day",[64,125098,43296],{"class":1418},[64,125100,125101],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125102,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125104,125105,125107,125109,125111],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,125106,212],{"class":211},[64,125108,144],{"class":95},[64,125110,89973],{"class":140},[64,125112,150],{"class":95},[14,125114,125115],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[54,125117,125119],{"className":56,"code":125118,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[61,125120,125121,125133,125138,125146,125150],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125122,125123,125125,125127,125130],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125124,89956],{"class":74},[64,125126,92],{"class":91},[64,125128,125129],{"class":1418}," '''",[64,125131,125132],{"class":1422},"Line 1\n",[64,125134,125135],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125136,125137],{"class":1422},"Line 2\n",[64,125139,125140,125143],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125141,125142],{"class":1422},"Line 3",[64,125144,125145],{"class":1418},"'''\n",[64,125147,125148],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125149,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125151,125152,125154,125156,125158],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,125153,212],{"class":211},[64,125155,144],{"class":95},[64,125157,89973],{"class":140},[64,125159,150],{"class":95},[14,125161,125162],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125164,125165],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[49,125167,125169],{"id":125168},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125171,1944,125172,125174],{},[61,125173,47641],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125176,125177],{},"Example with a number:",[54,125179,125181],{"className":56,"code":125180,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,125182,125183,125197,125207],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125184,125185,125187,125189,125191,125193,125195],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125186,34645],{"class":74},[64,125188,92],{"class":91},[64,125190,48862],{"class":1778},[64,125192,144],{"class":95},[64,125194,46484],{"class":99},[64,125196,150],{"class":95},[64,125198,125199,125201,125203,125205],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125200,212],{"class":211},[64,125202,144],{"class":95},[64,125204,34666],{"class":140},[64,125206,150],{"class":95},[64,125208,125209,125211,125213,125215,125217,125219],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125210,212],{"class":211},[64,125212,144],{"class":95},[64,125214,1779],{"class":1778},[64,125216,144],{"class":95},[64,125218,34666],{"class":140},[64,125220,1737],{"class":95},[14,125222,2035],{},[54,125224,125226],{"className":56,"code":125225,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,125227,125228,125232],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125229,125230],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125231,46570],{"class":99},[64,125233,125234,125236,125238,125240,125242,125244],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125235,3250],{"class":91},[64,125237,3253],{"class":2029},[64,125239,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125241,3406],{"class":1422},[64,125243,3261],{"class":1418},[64,125245,3264],{"class":91},[14,125247,125248],{},"You can also convert other values:",[54,125250,125252],{"className":56,"code":125251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[61,125253,125254,125268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125255,125256,125258,125260,125262,125264,125266],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125257,212],{"class":211},[64,125259,144],{"class":95},[64,125261,3406],{"class":1778},[64,125263,144],{"class":95},[64,125265,3567],{"class":3816},[64,125267,1737],{"class":95},[64,125269,125270,125272,125274,125276,125278,125280],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125271,212],{"class":211},[64,125273,144],{"class":95},[64,125275,3406],{"class":1778},[64,125277,144],{"class":95},[64,125279,40101],{"class":99},[64,125281,1737],{"class":95},[14,125283,125284],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[54,125286,125288],{"className":56,"code":125287,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[61,125289,125290,125298,125320,125324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125291,125292,125294,125296],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125293,21581],{"class":74},[64,125295,92],{"class":91},[64,125297,45183],{"class":99},[64,125299,125300,125302,125304,125306,125308,125310,125312,125314,125316,125318],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125301,89956],{"class":74},[64,125303,92],{"class":91},[64,125305,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125307,89374],{"class":1422},[64,125309,1419],{"class":1418},[64,125311,2418],{"class":91},[64,125313,48862],{"class":1778},[64,125315,144],{"class":95},[64,125317,9270],{"class":140},[64,125319,150],{"class":95},[64,125321,125322],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125323,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125325,125326,125328,125330,125332],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125327,212],{"class":211},[64,125329,144],{"class":95},[64,125331,89973],{"class":140},[64,125333,150],{"class":95},[14,125335,125336,125337,2839,125341,137],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[543,125338,1877,125339,3472],{"href":42134},[61,125340,47641],{},[543,125342,125343],{"href":123055},"how to convert int to string in Python",[49,125345,125347],{"id":125346},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125349,125350],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125352,125353],{},"Both of these are valid:",[54,125355,125357],{"className":56,"code":125356,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[61,125358,125359,125371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125360,125361,125363,125365,125367,125369],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125362,1186],{"class":74},[64,125364,92],{"class":91},[64,125366,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125368,7265],{"class":1422},[64,125370,29654],{"class":1418},[64,125372,125373,125375,125377,125379,125381],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125374,1202],{"class":74},[64,125376,92],{"class":91},[64,125378,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125380,7265],{"class":1422},[64,125382,3321],{"class":1418},[14,125384,125385],{},"A common rule is:",[21,125387,125388,125391,125394],{},[24,125389,125390],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[24,125392,125393],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[24,125395,125396],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125398,318],{},[54,125400,125402],{"className":56,"code":125401,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[61,125403,125404,125418,125432,125436,125447],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125405,125406,125409,125411,125413,125416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125407,125408],{"class":74},"text1 ",[64,125410,92],{"class":91},[64,125412,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125414,125415],{"class":1422},"It's working",[64,125417,3321],{"class":1418},[64,125419,125420,125423,125425,125427,125430],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125421,125422],{"class":74},"text2 ",[64,125424,92],{"class":91},[64,125426,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125428,125429],{"class":1422},"She said \"hello\"",[64,125431,29654],{"class":1418},[64,125433,125434],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125435,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125437,125438,125440,125442,125445],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125439,212],{"class":211},[64,125441,144],{"class":95},[64,125443,125444],{"class":140},"text1",[64,125446,150],{"class":95},[64,125448,125449,125451,125453,125456],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,125450,212],{"class":211},[64,125452,144],{"class":95},[64,125454,125455],{"class":140},"text2",[64,125457,150],{"class":95},[14,125459,125460],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[49,125462,125464],{"id":125463},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125466,125467],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125469,125470],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[54,125472,125474],{"className":56,"code":125473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[61,125475,125476,125481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125477,125478],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125479,125480],{"class":222},"# This will cause an error\n",[64,125482,125483],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125484,125485],{"class":222},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125487,125488,125489,35286,125491,125494],{},"Python sees the second ",[61,125490,3261],{},[61,125492,125493],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125496,125497],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[54,125499,125501],{"className":56,"code":125500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[61,125502,125503,125522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125504,125505,125507,125509,125511,125514,125517,125520],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125506,34645],{"class":74},[64,125508,92],{"class":91},[64,125510,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125512,125513],{"class":1422},"It",[64,125515,125516],{"class":34410},"\\'",[64,125518,125519],{"class":1422},"s working",[64,125521,29654],{"class":1418},[64,125523,125524,125526,125528,125530],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125525,212],{"class":211},[64,125527,144],{"class":95},[64,125529,34666],{"class":140},[64,125531,150],{"class":95},[14,125533,125534],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[54,125536,125538],{"className":56,"code":125537,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[61,125539,125540,125552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125541,125542,125544,125546,125548,125550],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125543,34645],{"class":74},[64,125545,92],{"class":91},[64,125547,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125549,125415],{"class":1422},[64,125551,3321],{"class":1418},[64,125553,125554,125556,125558,125560],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125555,212],{"class":211},[64,125557,144],{"class":95},[64,125559,34666],{"class":140},[64,125561,150],{"class":95},[14,125563,125564],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125566,125567,125568,137],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[543,125569,125571],{"href":125570},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[49,125573,1646],{"id":1645},[14,125575,125576],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[816,125578,90163],{"id":90162},[14,125580,125581],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[54,125583,125585],{"className":56,"code":125584,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[61,125586,125587,125591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125588,125589],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125590,125480],{"class":222},[64,125592,125593],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125594,125595],{"class":222},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125597,125598,125599,8572,125602,125604],{},"Python may raise a ",[61,125600,125601],{},"NameError",[61,125603,4968],{}," is not defined.",[14,125606,10779],{},[54,125608,125610],{"className":56,"code":125609,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[61,125611,125612,125624],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125613,125614,125616,125618,125620,125622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125615,7846],{"class":74},[64,125617,92],{"class":91},[64,125619,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125621,4968],{"class":1422},[64,125623,3321],{"class":1418},[64,125625,125626,125628,125630,125632],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125627,212],{"class":211},[64,125629,144],{"class":95},[64,125631,7637],{"class":140},[64,125633,150],{"class":95},[816,125635,125637],{"id":125636},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125639,125640],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[54,125642,125644],{"className":56,"code":125643,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[61,125645,125646,125650],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125647,125648],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125649,125480],{"class":222},[64,125651,125652],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125653,125654],{"class":222},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125656,125657],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[54,125659,125661],{"className":56,"code":125660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[61,125662,125663,125680,125693,125697,125707],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125664,125665,125667,125669,125671,125673,125675,125678],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125666,125408],{"class":74},[64,125668,92],{"class":91},[64,125670,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125672,125513],{"class":1422},[64,125674,125516],{"class":34410},[64,125676,125677],{"class":1422},"s good",[64,125679,29654],{"class":1418},[64,125681,125682,125684,125686,125688,125691],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125683,125422],{"class":74},[64,125685,92],{"class":91},[64,125687,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125689,125690],{"class":1422},"It's good",[64,125692,3321],{"class":1418},[64,125694,125695],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125696,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125698,125699,125701,125703,125705],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125700,212],{"class":211},[64,125702,144],{"class":95},[64,125704,125444],{"class":140},[64,125706,150],{"class":95},[64,125708,125709,125711,125713,125715],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,125710,212],{"class":211},[64,125712,144],{"class":95},[64,125714,125455],{"class":140},[64,125716,150],{"class":95},[816,125718,125720],{"id":125719},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125722,125723],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[54,125725,125727],{"className":56,"code":125726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[61,125728,125729,125741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125730,125731,125733,125735,125737,125739],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125732,34645],{"class":74},[64,125734,92],{"class":91},[64,125736,125084],{"class":1418},[64,125738,3809],{"class":1422},[64,125740,43296],{"class":1418},[64,125742,125743,125745,125747,125749],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125744,212],{"class":211},[64,125746,144],{"class":95},[64,125748,34666],{"class":140},[64,125750,150],{"class":95},[14,125752,125753],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[54,125755,125757],{"className":56,"code":125756,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[61,125758,125759,125771],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125760,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125762,34645],{"class":74},[64,125764,92],{"class":91},[64,125766,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125768,3809],{"class":1422},[64,125770,3321],{"class":1418},[64,125772,125773,125775,125777,125779],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125774,212],{"class":211},[64,125776,144],{"class":95},[64,125778,34666],{"class":140},[64,125780,150],{"class":95},[816,125782,4544,125784,40,125786,125788],{"id":125783},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[61,125785,50204],{},[61,125787,50254],{}," are the same type",[14,125790,125791],{},"They are different:",[54,125793,125795],{"className":56,"code":125794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[61,125796,125797,125806,125819,125823,125837],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125798,125799,125802,125804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125800,125801],{"class":74},"value1 ",[64,125803,92],{"class":91},[64,125805,124812],{"class":99},[64,125807,125808,125811,125813,125815,125817],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125809,125810],{"class":74},"value2 ",[64,125812,92],{"class":91},[64,125814,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125816,50204],{"class":1422},[64,125818,3321],{"class":1418},[64,125820,125821],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125822,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125824,125825,125827,125829,125831,125833,125835],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125826,212],{"class":211},[64,125828,144],{"class":95},[64,125830,1779],{"class":1778},[64,125832,144],{"class":95},[64,125834,84719],{"class":140},[64,125836,1737],{"class":95},[64,125838,125839,125841,125843,125845,125847,125850],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,125840,212],{"class":211},[64,125842,144],{"class":95},[64,125844,1779],{"class":1778},[64,125846,144],{"class":95},[64,125848,125849],{"class":140},"value2",[64,125851,1737],{"class":95},[14,125853,2035],{},[54,125855,125857],{"className":56,"code":125856,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,125858,125859,125873],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125860,125861,125863,125865,125867,125869,125871],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125862,3250],{"class":91},[64,125864,3253],{"class":2029},[64,125866,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125868,2152],{"class":1422},[64,125870,3261],{"class":1418},[64,125872,3264],{"class":91},[64,125874,125875,125877,125879,125881,125883,125885],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125876,3250],{"class":91},[64,125878,3253],{"class":2029},[64,125880,3256],{"class":1418},[64,125882,3406],{"class":1422},[64,125884,3261],{"class":1418},[64,125886,3264],{"class":91},[816,125888,125890],{"id":125889},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125892,125893],{},"This causes a type error:",[54,125895,125897],{"className":56,"code":125896,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[61,125898,125899,125903,125908],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125900,125901],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125902,125480],{"class":222},[64,125904,125905],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125906,125907],{"class":222},"# age = 10\n",[64,125909,125910],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125911,125912],{"class":222},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125914,125915,125916,1117],{},"Fix it with ",[61,125917,47641],{},[54,125919,125921],{"className":56,"code":125920,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[61,125922,125923,125931,125953,125957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125924,125925,125927,125929],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125926,21581],{"class":74},[64,125928,92],{"class":91},[64,125930,1583],{"class":99},[64,125932,125933,125935,125937,125939,125941,125943,125945,125947,125949,125951],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125934,89956],{"class":74},[64,125936,92],{"class":91},[64,125938,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125940,89374],{"class":1422},[64,125942,1419],{"class":1418},[64,125944,2418],{"class":91},[64,125946,48862],{"class":1778},[64,125948,144],{"class":95},[64,125950,9270],{"class":140},[64,125952,150],{"class":95},[64,125954,125955],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,125956,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125958,125959,125961,125963,125965],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,125960,212],{"class":211},[64,125962,144],{"class":95},[64,125964,89973],{"class":140},[64,125966,150],{"class":95},[14,125968,125969,125970,137],{},"For this specific error, see ",[543,125971,90355],{"href":90354},[816,125973,60659],{"id":60658},[14,125975,125976],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[54,125978,125980],{"className":56,"code":125979,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[61,125981,125982,125994,125998,126008,126022],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,125983,125984,125986,125988,125990,125992],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125985,34645],{"class":74},[64,125987,92],{"class":91},[64,125989,3315],{"class":1418},[64,125991,3809],{"class":1422},[64,125993,3321],{"class":1418},[64,125995,125996],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,125997,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,125999,126000,126002,126004,126006],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,126001,212],{"class":211},[64,126003,144],{"class":95},[64,126005,34666],{"class":140},[64,126007,150],{"class":95},[64,126009,126010,126012,126014,126016,126018,126020],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,126011,212],{"class":211},[64,126013,144],{"class":95},[64,126015,1779],{"class":1778},[64,126017,144],{"class":95},[64,126019,34666],{"class":140},[64,126021,1737],{"class":95},[64,126023,126024,126026,126028,126030,126032,126034],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,126025,212],{"class":211},[64,126027,144],{"class":95},[64,126029,41738],{"class":211},[64,126031,144],{"class":95},[64,126033,34666],{"class":140},[64,126035,1737],{"class":95},[21,126037,126038,126043,126048],{},[24,126039,126040,46236],{},[61,126041,126042],{},"print(text)",[24,126044,126045,46241],{},[61,126046,126047],{},"print(type(text))",[24,126049,126050,126053],{},[61,126051,126052],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[49,126055,1826],{"id":1825},[816,126057,126059],{"id":126058},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126061,126062,126063,2839,126066,137],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[61,126064,126065],{},"'hello'",[61,126067,64484],{},[816,126069,126071],{"id":126070},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126073,126074],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[816,126076,126078],{"id":126077},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126080,256,126081,2839,126083,137],{},[61,126082,6241],{},[61,126084,3736],{},[816,126086,126088],{"id":126087},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126090,256,126091,126093,126094,126096,126097,137],{},[61,126092,47641],{},", like ",[61,126095,80329],{},", which returns ",[61,126098,42085],{},[816,126100,126102],{"id":126101},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126104,126105],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[49,126107,1865],{"id":1864},[21,126109,126110,126114,126120,126125,126134,126138],{},[24,126111,126112],{},[543,126113,124885],{"href":50934},[24,126115,126116],{},[543,126117,1877,126118,3472],{"href":42134},[61,126119,47641],{},[24,126121,126122],{},[543,126123,126124],{"href":123055},"How to convert int to string in Python",[24,126126,126127],{},[543,126128,126130,126131,1248],{"href":126129},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[61,126132,126133],{},"format()",[24,126135,126136],{},[543,126137,125571],{"href":125570},[24,126139,126140],{},[543,126141,90355],{"href":90354},[1898,126143,126144],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":126146},[126147,126148,126149,126150,126151,126152,126153,126154,126155,126164,126171],{"id":15115,"depth":78,"text":15116},{"id":124724,"depth":78,"text":124725},{"id":124888,"depth":78,"text":124889},{"id":124963,"depth":78,"text":124964},{"id":125063,"depth":78,"text":125064},{"id":125168,"depth":78,"text":125169},{"id":125346,"depth":78,"text":125347},{"id":125463,"depth":78,"text":125464},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":126156},[126157,126158,126159,126160,126162,126163],{"id":90162,"depth":85,"text":90163},{"id":125636,"depth":85,"text":125637},{"id":125719,"depth":85,"text":125720},{"id":125783,"depth":85,"text":126161},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125889,"depth":85,"text":125890},{"id":60658,"depth":85,"text":60659},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":126165},[126166,126167,126168,126169,126170],{"id":126058,"depth":85,"text":126059},{"id":126070,"depth":85,"text":126071},{"id":126077,"depth":85,"text":126078},{"id":126087,"depth":85,"text":126088},{"id":126101,"depth":85,"text":126102},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124586,"description":126172},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126179,"title":126180,"body":126181,"description":128095,"extension":1927,"meta":128096,"navigation":81,"path":128097,"seo":128098,"stem":128099,"__hash__":128100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126182,"toc":128056},[126183,126189,126194,126202,126204,126271,126273,126285,126294,126299,126303,126320,126322,126387,126389,126401,126406,126408,126436,126457,126460,126499,126501,126509,126513,126517,126521,126529,126532,126573,126575,126583,126586,126643,126645,126653,126657,126662,126706,126708,126716,126725,126729,126734,126782,126784,126792,126798,126800,126804,126816,126821,126900,126902,126922,126926,126930,126970,126972,126980,126984,127027,127029,127037,127041,127081,127083,127091,127095,127151,127153,127161,127167,127169,127173,127183,127250,127252,127265,127272,127315,127317,127325,127329,127332,127388,127390,127398,127401,127403,127480,127482,127490,127499,127501,127505,127509,127511,127533,127536,127583,127587,127626,127628,127636,127638,127680,127687,127692,127754,127756,127768,127774,127779,127828,127830,127849,127855,127857,127876,127878,127969,127971,127977,127984,127990,127996,128001,128010,128017,128025,128027,128053],[10,126184,123130,126186,11295],{"id":126185},"python-string-endswith-method",[61,126187,126188],{},"endswith()",[14,126190,123135,126191,126193],{},[61,126192,126188],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126195,126196,126197,2839,126199,126201],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[61,126198,3567],{},[61,126200,3635],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[49,126203,52],{"id":51},[54,126205,126207],{"className":56,"code":126206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[61,126208,126209,126223,126248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126210,126211,126214,126216,126218,126221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126212,126213],{"class":74},"filename ",[64,126215,92],{"class":91},[64,126217,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126219,126220],{"class":1422},"report.csv",[64,126222,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126224,126225,126227,126229,126232,126234,126237,126239,126241,126244,126246],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126226,212],{"class":211},[64,126228,144],{"class":95},[64,126230,126231],{"class":140},"filename",[64,126233,137],{"class":95},[64,126235,126236],{"class":140},"endswith",[64,126238,144],{"class":95},[64,126240,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126242,126243],{"class":1422},".csv",[64,126245,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126247,1737],{"class":95},[64,126249,126250,126252,126254,126256,126258,126260,126262,126264,126267,126269],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,126251,212],{"class":211},[64,126253,144],{"class":95},[64,126255,126231],{"class":140},[64,126257,137],{"class":95},[64,126259,126236],{"class":140},[64,126261,144],{"class":95},[64,126263,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126265,126266],{"class":1422},".txt",[64,126268,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126270,1737],{"class":95},[14,126272,2035],{},[54,126274,126275],{"className":56,"code":44131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126276,126277,126281],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126278,126279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126280,3943],{"class":3816},[64,126282,126283],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126284,4004],{"class":3816},[14,126286,256,126287,5336,126289,2839,126291,126293],{},[61,126288,126188],{},[61,126290,3567],{},[61,126292,3635],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[49,126295,3639,126297,3642],{"id":126296},"what-endswith-does",[61,126298,126188],{},[14,126300,126301,1117],{},[61,126302,126188],{},[21,126304,126305,126308,126314,126317],{},[24,126306,126307],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[24,126309,11397,126310,2839,126312],{},[61,126311,3567],{},[61,126313,3635],{},[24,126315,126316],{},"Does not change the original string",[24,126318,126319],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126321,318],{},[54,126323,126325],{"className":56,"code":126324,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[61,126326,126327,126339,126343,126365],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126328,126329,126331,126333,126335,126337],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126330,34645],{"class":74},[64,126332,92],{"class":91},[64,126334,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126336,60355],{"class":1422},[64,126338,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126340,126341],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126342,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,126344,126345,126347,126349,126351,126353,126355,126357,126359,126361,126363],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,126346,212],{"class":211},[64,126348,144],{"class":95},[64,126350,34666],{"class":140},[64,126352,137],{"class":95},[64,126354,126236],{"class":140},[64,126356,144],{"class":95},[64,126358,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126360,60540],{"class":1422},[64,126362,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126364,1737],{"class":95},[64,126366,126367,126369,126371,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381,126383,126385],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,126368,212],{"class":211},[64,126370,144],{"class":95},[64,126372,34666],{"class":140},[64,126374,137],{"class":95},[64,126376,126236],{"class":140},[64,126378,144],{"class":95},[64,126380,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126382,3809],{"class":1422},[64,126384,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126386,1737],{"class":95},[14,126388,2035],{},[54,126390,126391],{"className":56,"code":44131,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126392,126393,126397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126394,126395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126396,3943],{"class":3816},[64,126398,126399],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126400,4004],{"class":3816},[14,126402,126403,126404,137],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[543,126405,124885],{"href":50934},[49,126407,2120],{"id":2119},[54,126409,126411],{"className":56,"code":126410,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[61,126412,126413],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126414,126415,126417,126419,126421,126423,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126416,61123],{"class":74},[64,126418,137],{"class":95},[64,126420,126236],{"class":140},[64,126422,144],{"class":95},[64,126424,126425],{"class":140},"suffix",[64,126427,103],{"class":95},[64,126429,36009],{"class":140},[64,126431,103],{"class":95},[64,126433,64990],{"class":140},[64,126435,150],{"class":95},[21,126437,126438,126443,126450],{},[24,126439,126440,126442],{},[61,126441,126425],{}," is required",[24,126444,126445,40,126447,126449],{},[61,126446,36030],{},[61,126448,52620],{}," are optional",[24,126451,126452,40,126454,126456],{},[61,126453,36030],{},[61,126455,52620],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126458,126459],{},"Basic example:",[54,126461,126463],{"className":56,"code":126462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[61,126464,126465,126477],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126466,126467,126469,126471,126473,126475],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126468,126213],{"class":74},[64,126470,92],{"class":91},[64,126472,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126474,86844],{"class":1422},[64,126476,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126478,126479,126481,126483,126485,126487,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126480,212],{"class":211},[64,126482,144],{"class":95},[64,126484,126231],{"class":140},[64,126486,137],{"class":95},[64,126488,126236],{"class":140},[64,126490,144],{"class":95},[64,126492,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126494,126266],{"class":1422},[64,126496,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126498,1737],{"class":95},[14,126500,2035],{},[54,126502,126503],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126504,126505],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126506,126507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126508,3943],{"class":3816},[49,126510,126512],{"id":126511},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[816,126514,126515],{"id":126425},[61,126516,126425],{},[14,126518,126519,30705],{},[61,126520,126425],{},[21,126522,126523,126526],{},[24,126524,126525],{},"A single string",[24,126527,126528],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126530,126531],{},"Single suffix:",[54,126533,126535],{"className":56,"code":126534,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[61,126536,126537,126550],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126538,126539,126541,126543,126545,126548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126540,7846],{"class":74},[64,126542,92],{"class":91},[64,126544,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126546,126547],{"class":1422},"image.png",[64,126549,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126551,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126569,126571],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126553,212],{"class":211},[64,126555,144],{"class":95},[64,126557,7637],{"class":140},[64,126559,137],{"class":95},[64,126561,126236],{"class":140},[64,126563,144],{"class":95},[64,126565,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126567,126568],{"class":1422},".png",[64,126570,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126572,1737],{"class":95},[14,126574,2035],{},[54,126576,126577],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126578,126579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126580,126581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126582,3943],{"class":3816},[14,126584,126585],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[54,126587,126589],{"className":56,"code":126588,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[61,126590,126591,126603],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126592,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126594,7846],{"class":74},[64,126596,92],{"class":91},[64,126598,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126600,126547],{"class":1422},[64,126602,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126604,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617,126619,126622,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126639,126641],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126606,212],{"class":211},[64,126608,144],{"class":95},[64,126610,7637],{"class":140},[64,126612,137],{"class":95},[64,126614,126236],{"class":140},[64,126616,5478],{"class":95},[64,126618,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126620,126621],{"class":1422},".jpg",[64,126623,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126625,103],{"class":95},[64,126627,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126629,126568],{"class":1422},[64,126631,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126633,103],{"class":95},[64,126635,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126637,126638],{"class":1422},".gif",[64,126640,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126642,2873],{"class":95},[14,126644,2035],{},[54,126646,126647],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126648,126649],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126650,126651],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126652,3943],{"class":3816},[816,126654,126655],{"id":36030},[61,126656,36030],{},[14,126658,126659,126661],{},[61,126660,36030],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[54,126663,126665],{"className":56,"code":126664,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[61,126666,126667,126680],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126668,126669,126671,126673,126675,126678],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126670,34645],{"class":74},[64,126672,92],{"class":91},[64,126674,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126676,126677],{"class":1422},"my_report.csv",[64,126679,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126681,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698,126700,126702,126704],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126683,212],{"class":211},[64,126685,144],{"class":95},[64,126687,34666],{"class":140},[64,126689,137],{"class":95},[64,126691,126236],{"class":140},[64,126693,144],{"class":95},[64,126695,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126697,126243],{"class":1422},[64,126699,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126701,103],{"class":95},[64,126703,743],{"class":99},[64,126705,1737],{"class":95},[14,126707,2035],{},[54,126709,126710],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126711,126712],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126713,126714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126715,3943],{"class":3816},[14,126717,126718,126719,126721,126722,137],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[61,126720,115],{}," onward, which is ",[61,126723,126724],{},"\"report.csv\"",[816,126726,126727],{"id":52620},[61,126728,52620],{},[14,126730,126731,126733],{},[61,126732,52620],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[54,126735,126737],{"className":56,"code":126736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[61,126738,126739,126752],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126740,126741,126743,126745,126747,126750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126742,34645],{"class":74},[64,126744,92],{"class":91},[64,126746,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126748,126749],{"class":1422},"report.csv backup",[64,126751,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126753,126754,126756,126758,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126755,212],{"class":211},[64,126757,144],{"class":95},[64,126759,34666],{"class":140},[64,126761,137],{"class":95},[64,126763,126236],{"class":140},[64,126765,144],{"class":95},[64,126767,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126769,126243],{"class":1422},[64,126771,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126773,103],{"class":95},[64,126775,3797],{"class":99},[64,126777,103],{"class":95},[64,126779,5973],{"class":99},[64,126781,1737],{"class":95},[14,126783,2035],{},[54,126785,126786],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126787,126788],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126789,126790],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126791,3943],{"class":3816},[14,126793,126794,126795,126797],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[61,126796,126724],{}," and ignores the rest.",[49,126799,17372],{"id":17371},[14,126801,126802,25463],{},[61,126803,126188],{},[21,126805,126806,126811],{},[24,126807,126808,126810],{},[61,126809,3567],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[24,126812,126813,126815],{},[61,126814,3635],{}," if it does not",[14,126817,126818,126819,7140],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[61,126820,6965],{},[54,126822,126824],{"className":56,"code":126823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[61,126825,126826,126839,126843,126864,126879,126885],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126827,126828,126830,126832,126834,126837],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126829,126213],{"class":74},[64,126831,92],{"class":91},[64,126833,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126835,126836],{"class":1422},"data.csv",[64,126838,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126840,126841],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126842,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,126844,126845,126847,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,126846,6965],{"class":70},[64,126848,126849],{"class":74}," filename",[64,126851,137],{"class":95},[64,126853,126236],{"class":140},[64,126855,144],{"class":95},[64,126857,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126859,126243],{"class":1422},[64,126861,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126863,8312],{"class":95},[64,126865,126866,126868,126870,126872,126875,126877],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,126867,8039],{"class":211},[64,126869,144],{"class":95},[64,126871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126873,126874],{"class":1422},"This is a CSV file.",[64,126876,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126878,150],{"class":95},[64,126880,126881,126883],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,126882,27388],{"class":70},[64,126884,6363],{"class":95},[64,126886,126887,126889,126891,126893,126896,126898],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,126888,8039],{"class":211},[64,126890,144],{"class":95},[64,126892,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126894,126895],{"class":1422},"This is not a CSV file.",[64,126897,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126899,150],{"class":95},[14,126901,2035],{},[54,126903,126905],{"className":56,"code":126904,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This is a CSV file.\n",[61,126906,126907],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126908,126909,126911,126913,126915,126918,126920],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126910,49837],{"class":74},[64,126912,877],{"class":91},[64,126914,44502],{"class":74},[64,126916,126917],{"class":34410},"CSV",[64,126919,86585],{"class":86584},[64,126921,122162],{"class":95},[49,126923,126925],{"id":126924},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[816,126927,126929],{"id":126928},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[54,126931,126933],{"className":56,"code":126932,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[61,126934,126935,126948],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126936,126937,126939,126941,126943,126946],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126938,126213],{"class":74},[64,126940,92],{"class":91},[64,126942,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126944,126945],{"class":1422},"sales.csv",[64,126947,3321],{"class":1418},[64,126949,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,126951,212],{"class":211},[64,126953,144],{"class":95},[64,126955,126231],{"class":140},[64,126957,137],{"class":95},[64,126959,126236],{"class":140},[64,126961,144],{"class":95},[64,126963,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126965,126243],{"class":1422},[64,126967,1419],{"class":1418},[64,126969,1737],{"class":95},[14,126971,2035],{},[54,126973,126974],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,126975,126976],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126977,126978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126979,3943],{"class":3816},[816,126981,126983],{"id":126982},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[54,126985,126987],{"className":56,"code":126986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[61,126988,126989,127003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,126990,126991,126994,126996,126998,127001],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126992,126993],{"class":74},"url ",[64,126995,92],{"class":91},[64,126997,3315],{"class":1418},[64,126999,127000],{"class":1422},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[64,127002,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127004,127005,127007,127009,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127023,127025],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127006,212],{"class":211},[64,127008,144],{"class":95},[64,127010,127011],{"class":140},"url",[64,127013,137],{"class":95},[64,127015,126236],{"class":140},[64,127017,144],{"class":95},[64,127019,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127021,127022],{"class":1422},"\u002F",[64,127024,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127026,1737],{"class":95},[14,127028,2035],{},[54,127030,127031],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127032,127033],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127034,127035],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127036,3943],{"class":3816},[816,127038,127040],{"id":127039},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[54,127042,127044],{"className":56,"code":127043,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[61,127045,127046,127059],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127047,127048,127050,127052,127054,127057],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127049,89956],{"class":74},[64,127051,92],{"class":91},[64,127053,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127055,127056],{"class":1422},"Hello!",[64,127058,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127060,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071,127073,127075,127077,127079],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127062,212],{"class":211},[64,127064,144],{"class":95},[64,127066,89973],{"class":140},[64,127068,137],{"class":95},[64,127070,126236],{"class":140},[64,127072,144],{"class":95},[64,127074,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127076,89797],{"class":1422},[64,127078,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127080,1737],{"class":95},[14,127082,2035],{},[54,127084,127085],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127086,127087],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127088,127089],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127090,3943],{"class":3816},[816,127092,127094],{"id":127093},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[54,127096,127098],{"className":56,"code":127097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[61,127099,127100,127113],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127101,127102,127104,127106,127108,127111],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127103,126213],{"class":74},[64,127105,92],{"class":91},[64,127107,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127109,127110],{"class":1422},"photo.jpg",[64,127112,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127114,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143,127145,127147,127149],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127116,212],{"class":211},[64,127118,144],{"class":95},[64,127120,126231],{"class":140},[64,127122,137],{"class":95},[64,127124,126236],{"class":140},[64,127126,5478],{"class":95},[64,127128,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127130,126621],{"class":1422},[64,127132,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127134,103],{"class":95},[64,127136,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127138,126568],{"class":1422},[64,127140,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127142,103],{"class":95},[64,127144,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127146,126638],{"class":1422},[64,127148,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127150,2873],{"class":95},[14,127152,2035],{},[54,127154,127155],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127156,127157],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127158,127159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127160,3943],{"class":3816},[14,127162,127163,127164,137],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[543,127165,127166],{"href":123385},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[49,127168,123777],{"id":123776},[14,127170,127171,123588],{},[61,127172,126188],{},[14,127174,127175,127176,40,127179,127182],{},"That means ",[61,127177,127178],{},"\".CSV\"",[61,127180,127181],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[54,127184,127186],{"className":56,"code":127185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[61,127187,127188,127201,127205,127227],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127189,127190,127192,127194,127196,127199],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127191,126213],{"class":74},[64,127193,92],{"class":91},[64,127195,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127197,127198],{"class":1422},"REPORT.CSV",[64,127200,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127202,127203],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127204,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,127206,127207,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127223,127225],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,127208,212],{"class":211},[64,127210,144],{"class":95},[64,127212,126231],{"class":140},[64,127214,137],{"class":95},[64,127216,126236],{"class":140},[64,127218,144],{"class":95},[64,127220,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127222,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127224,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127226,1737],{"class":95},[64,127228,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127246,127248],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,127230,212],{"class":211},[64,127232,144],{"class":95},[64,127234,126231],{"class":140},[64,127236,137],{"class":95},[64,127238,126236],{"class":140},[64,127240,144],{"class":95},[64,127242,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127244,127245],{"class":1422},".CSV",[64,127247,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127249,1737],{"class":95},[14,127251,2035],{},[54,127253,127255],{"className":56,"code":127254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"False\nTrue\n",[61,127256,127257,127261],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127258,127259],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127260,4004],{"class":3816},[64,127262,127263],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127264,3943],{"class":3816},[14,127266,127267,127268,137],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[543,127269,127270],{"href":123857},[61,127271,123860],{},[54,127273,127275],{"className":56,"code":127274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[61,127276,127277,127289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127278,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127280,126213],{"class":74},[64,127282,92],{"class":91},[64,127284,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127286,127198],{"class":1422},[64,127288,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127290,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127309,127311,127313],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127292,212],{"class":211},[64,127294,144],{"class":95},[64,127296,126231],{"class":140},[64,127298,137],{"class":95},[64,127300,8611],{"class":140},[64,127302,8608],{"class":95},[64,127304,126236],{"class":140},[64,127306,144],{"class":95},[64,127308,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127310,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127312,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127314,1737],{"class":95},[14,127316,2035],{},[54,127318,127319],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127320,127321],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127322,127323],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127324,3943],{"class":3816},[49,127326,127328],{"id":127327},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127330,127331],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[54,127333,127335],{"className":56,"code":127334,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[61,127336,127337,127350],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127338,127339,127341,127343,127345,127348],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127340,126213],{"class":74},[64,127342,92],{"class":91},[64,127344,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127346,127347],{"class":1422},"picture.gif",[64,127349,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127351,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127353,212],{"class":211},[64,127355,144],{"class":95},[64,127357,126231],{"class":140},[64,127359,137],{"class":95},[64,127361,126236],{"class":140},[64,127363,5478],{"class":95},[64,127365,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127367,126621],{"class":1422},[64,127369,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127371,103],{"class":95},[64,127373,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127375,126568],{"class":1422},[64,127377,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127379,103],{"class":95},[64,127381,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127383,126638],{"class":1422},[64,127385,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127387,2873],{"class":95},[14,127389,2035],{},[54,127391,127392],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127393,127394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127395,127396],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127397,3943],{"class":3816},[14,127399,127400],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127402,52039],{},[54,127404,127406],{"className":56,"code":127405,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[61,127407,127408,127421,127456,127460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127409,127410,127413,127415,127417,127419],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127411,127412],{"class":74},"document ",[64,127414,92],{"class":91},[64,127416,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127418,86844],{"class":1422},[64,127420,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127422,127423,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127443,127445,127447,127449,127452,127454],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127424,127425],{"class":74},"allowed ",[64,127427,92],{"class":91},[64,127429,9207],{"class":95},[64,127431,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127433,126266],{"class":1422},[64,127435,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127437,103],{"class":95},[64,127439,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127441,127442],{"class":1422},".md",[64,127444,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127446,103],{"class":95},[64,127448,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127450,127451],{"class":1422},".docx",[64,127453,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127455,150],{"class":95},[64,127457,127458],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,127459,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,127461,127462,127464,127466,127469,127471,127473,127475,127478],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,127463,212],{"class":211},[64,127465,144],{"class":95},[64,127467,127468],{"class":140},"document",[64,127470,137],{"class":95},[64,127472,126236],{"class":140},[64,127474,144],{"class":95},[64,127476,127477],{"class":140},"allowed",[64,127479,1737],{"class":95},[14,127481,2035],{},[54,127483,127484],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127485,127486],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127487,127488],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127489,3943],{"class":3816},[14,127491,127492,127493,137],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[543,127494,126130,127496,1248],{"href":127495},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[61,127497,127498],{},"startswith()",[49,127500,1646],{"id":1645},[14,127502,8417,127503,137],{},[61,127504,126188],{},[816,127506,127508],{"id":127507},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127510,4490],{},[54,127512,127514],{"className":56,"code":127513,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[61,127515,127516,127528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127517,127518,127520,127522,127524,127526],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127519,126213],{"class":74},[64,127521,92],{"class":91},[64,127523,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127525,127110],{"class":1422},[64,127527,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127529,127530],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127531,127532],{"class":222},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127534,127535],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[54,127537,127539],{"className":56,"code":127538,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[61,127540,127541,127553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127542,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127544,126213],{"class":74},[64,127546,92],{"class":91},[64,127548,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127550,127110],{"class":1422},[64,127552,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127554,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127556,212],{"class":211},[64,127558,144],{"class":95},[64,127560,126231],{"class":140},[64,127562,137],{"class":95},[64,127564,126236],{"class":140},[64,127566,5478],{"class":95},[64,127568,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127570,126621],{"class":1422},[64,127572,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127574,103],{"class":95},[64,127576,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127578,126568],{"class":1422},[64,127580,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127582,2873],{"class":95},[816,127584,127586],{"id":127585},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[54,127588,127590],{"className":56,"code":127589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[61,127591,127592,127604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127593,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127595,126213],{"class":74},[64,127597,92],{"class":91},[64,127599,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127601,127198],{"class":1422},[64,127603,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127605,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127607,212],{"class":211},[64,127609,144],{"class":95},[64,127611,126231],{"class":140},[64,127613,137],{"class":95},[64,127615,126236],{"class":140},[64,127617,144],{"class":95},[64,127619,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127621,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127623,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127625,1737],{"class":95},[14,127627,2035],{},[54,127629,127630],{"className":56,"code":4004,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127631,127632],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127633,127634],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127635,4004],{"class":3816},[14,127637,39219],{},[54,127639,127640],{"className":56,"code":127274,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127641,127642,127654],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127643,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127645,126213],{"class":74},[64,127647,92],{"class":91},[64,127649,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127651,127198],{"class":1422},[64,127653,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127655,127656,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676,127678],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127657,212],{"class":211},[64,127659,144],{"class":95},[64,127661,126231],{"class":140},[64,127663,137],{"class":95},[64,127665,8611],{"class":140},[64,127667,8608],{"class":95},[64,127669,126236],{"class":140},[64,127671,144],{"class":95},[64,127673,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127675,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127677,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127679,1737],{"class":95},[816,127681,37161,127683,8675,127685],{"id":127682},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[61,127684,126188],{},[61,127686,3847],{},[14,127688,127689,127691],{},[61,127690,126188],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[54,127693,127695],{"className":56,"code":127694,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[61,127696,127697,127710,127714,127736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127698,127699,127701,127703,127705,127708],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127700,34645],{"class":74},[64,127702,92],{"class":91},[64,127704,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127706,127707],{"class":1422},"my_report.csv.backup",[64,127709,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127711,127712],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127713,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,127715,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,127717,212],{"class":211},[64,127719,144],{"class":95},[64,127721,34666],{"class":140},[64,127723,137],{"class":95},[64,127725,126236],{"class":140},[64,127727,144],{"class":95},[64,127729,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127731,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127733,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127735,1737],{"class":95},[64,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,127739,212],{"class":211},[64,127741,144],{"class":95},[64,127743,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127745,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127747,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127749,21127],{"class":70},[64,127751,42801],{"class":140},[64,127753,150],{"class":95},[14,127755,2035],{},[54,127757,127758],{"className":56,"code":127254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,127759,127760,127764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127761,127762],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127763,4004],{"class":3816},[64,127765,127766],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127767,3943],{"class":3816},[816,127769,8423,127771,127773],{"id":127770},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[61,127772,126188],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127775,127776,127778],{},[61,127777,126188],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[54,127780,127782],{"className":56,"code":127781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[61,127783,127784,127796,127818],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127785,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127787,126213],{"class":74},[64,127789,92],{"class":91},[64,127791,3315],{"class":1418},[64,127793,126220],{"class":1422},[64,127795,3321],{"class":1418},[64,127797,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127799,212],{"class":211},[64,127801,144],{"class":95},[64,127803,126231],{"class":140},[64,127805,137],{"class":95},[64,127807,126236],{"class":140},[64,127809,144],{"class":95},[64,127811,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127813,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127815,1419],{"class":1418},[64,127817,1737],{"class":95},[64,127819,127820,127822,127824,127826],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,127821,212],{"class":211},[64,127823,144],{"class":95},[64,127825,126231],{"class":140},[64,127827,150],{"class":95},[14,127829,2035],{},[54,127831,127833],{"className":56,"code":127832,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nreport.csv\n",[61,127834,127835,127839],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127836,127837],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127838,3943],{"class":3816},[64,127840,127841,127844,127846],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127842,127843],{"class":74},"report",[64,127845,137],{"class":95},[64,127847,127848],{"class":24704},"csv\n",[14,127850,127851,127852,137],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[543,127853,127854],{"href":124298},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127856,66013],{},[21,127858,127859,127862,127865,127868],{},[24,127860,127861],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[24,127863,127864],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[24,127866,127867],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[24,127869,1654,127870,44587,127872,2839,127874,111499],{},[61,127871,126188],{},[61,127873,124301],{},[61,127875,41612],{},[14,127877,30090],{},[54,127879,127881],{"className":56,"code":127880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[61,127882,127883,127893,127907,127929,127955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,127884,127885,127887,127889,127891],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127886,212],{"class":211},[64,127888,144],{"class":95},[64,127890,34666],{"class":140},[64,127892,150],{"class":95},[64,127894,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,127896,212],{"class":211},[64,127898,144],{"class":95},[64,127900,41738],{"class":211},[64,127902,144],{"class":95},[64,127904,34666],{"class":140},[64,127906,1737],{"class":95},[64,127908,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,127910,212],{"class":211},[64,127912,144],{"class":95},[64,127914,34666],{"class":140},[64,127916,137],{"class":95},[64,127918,126236],{"class":140},[64,127920,144],{"class":95},[64,127922,3261],{"class":1418},[64,127924,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127926,3261],{"class":1418},[64,127928,1737],{"class":95},[64,127930,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,127932,212],{"class":211},[64,127934,144],{"class":95},[64,127936,34666],{"class":140},[64,127938,137],{"class":95},[64,127940,8611],{"class":140},[64,127942,8608],{"class":95},[64,127944,126236],{"class":140},[64,127946,144],{"class":95},[64,127948,3261],{"class":1418},[64,127950,126243],{"class":1422},[64,127952,3261],{"class":1418},[64,127954,1737],{"class":95},[64,127956,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,127958,212],{"class":211},[64,127960,144],{"class":95},[64,127962,1779],{"class":1778},[64,127964,144],{"class":95},[64,127966,34666],{"class":140},[64,127968,1737],{"class":95},[49,127970,1826],{"id":1825},[816,127972,12670,127974,127976],{"id":127973},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[61,127975,126188],{}," change the string?",[14,127978,127979,127980,2839,127982,137],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[61,127981,3567],{},[61,127983,3635],{},[816,127985,5135,127987,127989],{"id":127986},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[61,127988,126188],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127991,127992,127993,137],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[61,127994,127995],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[816,127997,14857,127999,124466],{"id":127998},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[61,128000,126188],{},[14,128002,128003,128004,2839,128006,128009],{},"Yes. Use ",[61,128005,123860],{},[61,128007,128008],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[816,128011,5145,128013,40,128015,2456],{"id":128012},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[61,128014,126188],{},[61,128016,124125],{},[14,128018,128019,128021,128022,128024],{},[61,128020,126188],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[61,128023,124125],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[49,128026,1865],{"id":1864},[21,128028,128029,128035,128041,128045,128049],{},[24,128030,128031],{},[543,128032,126130,128033,1248],{"href":127495},[61,128034,127498],{},[24,128036,128037],{},[543,128038,126130,128039,1248],{"href":123857},[61,128040,123860],{},[24,128042,128043],{},[543,128044,124529],{"href":123385},[24,128046,128047],{},[543,128048,124536],{"href":124298},[24,128050,128051],{},[543,128052,124885],{"href":50934},[1898,128054,128055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":128057},[128058,128059,128061,128062,128067,128068,128074,128075,128076,128084,128094],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":126296,"depth":78,"text":128060},"What endswith() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":126511,"depth":78,"text":126512,"children":128063},[128064,128065,128066],{"id":126425,"depth":85,"text":126425},{"id":36030,"depth":85,"text":36030},{"id":52620,"depth":85,"text":52620},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":126924,"depth":78,"text":126925,"children":128069},[128070,128071,128072,128073],{"id":126928,"depth":85,"text":126929},{"id":126982,"depth":85,"text":126983},{"id":127039,"depth":85,"text":127040},{"id":127093,"depth":85,"text":127094},{"id":123776,"depth":78,"text":123777},{"id":127327,"depth":78,"text":127328},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":128077},[128078,128079,128080,128082],{"id":127507,"depth":85,"text":127508},{"id":127585,"depth":85,"text":127586},{"id":127682,"depth":85,"text":128081},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127770,"depth":85,"text":128083},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":128085},[128086,128088,128090,128092],{"id":127973,"depth":85,"text":128087},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127986,"depth":85,"text":128089},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127998,"depth":85,"text":128091},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128012,"depth":85,"text":128093},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126180,"description":128095},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128102,"title":128103,"body":128104,"description":129772,"extension":1927,"meta":129773,"navigation":81,"path":129774,"seo":129775,"stem":129776,"__hash__":129777},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128105,"toc":129745},[128106,128111,128116,128121,128126,128219,128229,128234,128239,128254,128256,128338,128346,128348,128350,128377,128379,128395,128402,128404,128512,128514,128519,128535,128537,128632,128640,128643,128649,128654,128659,128666,128805,128808,128821,128823,128827,128834,128904,128907,128956,128963,128970,128984,128989,128994,129040,129086,129102,129104,129109,129123,129126,129248,129253,129255,129260,129293,129296,129372,129374,129383,129397,129400,129484,129487,129598,129601,129629,129631,129638,129642,129648,129651,129657,129660,129667,129678,129684,129691,129693,129742],[10,128107,123130,128109,11295],{"id":128108},"python-string-find-method",[61,128110,124125],{},[14,128112,123135,128113,128115],{},[61,128114,124125],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128117,128118,128119,137],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[61,128120,65804],{},[14,128122,256,128123,128125],{},[61,128124,124125],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[54,128127,128129],{"className":56,"code":128128,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[61,128130,128131,128143,128166,128179,128183,128206],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128132,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128134,34645],{"class":74},[64,128136,92],{"class":91},[64,128138,3315],{"class":1418},[64,128140,60355],{"class":1422},[64,128142,3321],{"class":1418},[64,128144,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153,128156,128158,128160,128162,128164],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,128146,64869],{"class":74},[64,128148,92],{"class":91},[64,128150,42801],{"class":74},[64,128152,137],{"class":95},[64,128154,128155],{"class":140},"find",[64,128157,144],{"class":95},[64,128159,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128161,60540],{"class":1422},[64,128163,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128165,150],{"class":95},[64,128167,128168,128170,128172,128174,128176],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,128169,212],{"class":211},[64,128171,144],{"class":95},[64,128173,64896],{"class":140},[64,128175,219],{"class":95},[64,128177,128178],{"class":222},"   # 6\n",[64,128180,128181],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,128182,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,128184,128185,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202,128204],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,128186,128187],{"class":74},"missing ",[64,128189,92],{"class":91},[64,128191,42801],{"class":74},[64,128193,137],{"class":95},[64,128195,128155],{"class":140},[64,128197,144],{"class":95},[64,128199,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128201,58],{"class":1422},[64,128203,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128205,150],{"class":95},[64,128207,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,128209,212],{"class":211},[64,128211,144],{"class":95},[64,128213,26728],{"class":140},[64,128215,219],{"class":95},[64,128217,128218],{"class":222},"    # -1\n",[43539,128220,128221],{},[14,128222,256,128223,128225,128226,128228],{},[61,128224,124125],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[61,128227,65804],{}," if the substring is not found.",[49,128230,3639,128232,3642],{"id":128231},"what-find-does",[61,128233,124125],{},[14,128235,128236,128238],{},[61,128237,124125],{}," is a string method that:",[21,128240,128241,128244,128247,128252],{},[24,128242,128243],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[24,128245,128246],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[24,128248,11397,128249,128251],{},[61,128250,65804],{}," if no match is found",[24,128253,126316],{},[14,128255,318],{},[54,128257,128259],{"className":56,"code":128258,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[61,128260,128261,128273,128277,128301,128325],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128262,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128264,34645],{"class":74},[64,128266,92],{"class":91},[64,128268,3315],{"class":1418},[64,128270,4052],{"class":1422},[64,128272,3321],{"class":1418},[64,128274,128275],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,128276,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,128278,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289,128291,128293,128295,128297,128299],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,128280,212],{"class":211},[64,128282,144],{"class":95},[64,128284,34666],{"class":140},[64,128286,137],{"class":95},[64,128288,128155],{"class":140},[64,128290,144],{"class":95},[64,128292,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128294,123223],{"class":1422},[64,128296,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128298,5328],{"class":95},[64,128300,57594],{"class":222},[64,128302,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,128304,212],{"class":211},[64,128306,144],{"class":95},[64,128308,34666],{"class":140},[64,128310,137],{"class":95},[64,128312,128155],{"class":140},[64,128314,144],{"class":95},[64,128316,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128318,2137],{"class":1422},[64,128320,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128322,5328],{"class":95},[64,128324,128218],{"class":222},[64,128326,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,128328,212],{"class":211},[64,128330,144],{"class":95},[64,128332,34666],{"class":140},[64,128334,219],{"class":95},[64,128336,128337],{"class":222},"              # banana\n",[14,128339,20724,128340,128343,128344,137],{},[61,128341,128342],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[61,128345,2021],{},[49,128347,2120],{"id":2119},[14,128349,2123],{},[54,128351,128353],{"className":56,"code":128352,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[61,128354,128355],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128356,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128358,61123],{"class":74},[64,128360,137],{"class":95},[64,128362,128155],{"class":140},[64,128364,144],{"class":95},[64,128366,2436],{"class":140},[64,128368,103],{"class":95},[64,128370,36009],{"class":140},[64,128372,103],{"class":95},[64,128374,64990],{"class":140},[64,128376,150],{"class":95},[816,128378,17348],{"id":17347},[21,128380,128381,128385,128390],{},[24,128382,128383,123322],{},[61,128384,2436],{},[24,128386,128387,128389],{},[61,128388,36030],{},": optional starting position",[24,128391,128392,128394],{},[61,128393,52620],{},": optional ending position",[14,128396,128397,40,128399,128401],{},[61,128398,36030],{},[61,128400,52620],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128403,126459],{},[54,128405,128407],{"className":56,"code":128406,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[61,128408,128409,128421,128425,128450,128479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128410,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128412,34645],{"class":74},[64,128414,92],{"class":91},[64,128416,3315],{"class":1418},[64,128418,60355],{"class":1422},[64,128420,3321],{"class":1418},[64,128422,128423],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,128424,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,128426,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,128428,212],{"class":211},[64,128430,144],{"class":95},[64,128432,34666],{"class":140},[64,128434,137],{"class":95},[64,128436,128155],{"class":140},[64,128438,144],{"class":95},[64,128440,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128442,60422],{"class":1422},[64,128444,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128446,5328],{"class":95},[64,128448,128449],{"class":222},"        # 4\n",[64,128451,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,128453,212],{"class":211},[64,128455,144],{"class":95},[64,128457,34666],{"class":140},[64,128459,137],{"class":95},[64,128461,128155],{"class":140},[64,128463,144],{"class":95},[64,128465,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128467,60422],{"class":1422},[64,128469,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128471,103],{"class":95},[64,128473,4570],{"class":99},[64,128475,5328],{"class":95},[64,128477,128478],{"class":222},"     # 7\n",[64,128480,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,128482,212],{"class":211},[64,128484,144],{"class":95},[64,128486,34666],{"class":140},[64,128488,137],{"class":95},[64,128490,128155],{"class":140},[64,128492,144],{"class":95},[64,128494,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128496,60422],{"class":1422},[64,128498,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128500,103],{"class":95},[64,128502,4570],{"class":99},[64,128504,103],{"class":95},[64,128506,5962],{"class":99},[64,128508,5328],{"class":95},[64,128510,128511],{"class":222},"  # -1\n",[49,128513,37977],{"id":37976},[14,128515,57493,128516,128518],{},[61,128517,124125],{}," is always an integer.",[21,128520,128521,128527,128530],{},[24,128522,128523,128524,128526],{},"A number ",[61,128525,187],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[24,128528,128529],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[24,128531,128532,128534],{},[61,128533,65804],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128536,318],{},[54,128538,128540],{"className":56,"code":128539,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[61,128541,128542,128554,128558,128583,128608],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128543,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128545,34645],{"class":74},[64,128547,92],{"class":91},[64,128549,3315],{"class":1418},[64,128551,58],{"class":1422},[64,128553,3321],{"class":1418},[64,128555,128556],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,128557,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,128559,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128577,128579,128581],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,128561,212],{"class":211},[64,128563,144],{"class":95},[64,128565,34666],{"class":140},[64,128567,137],{"class":95},[64,128569,128155],{"class":140},[64,128571,144],{"class":95},[64,128573,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128575,128576],{"class":1422},"py",[64,128578,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128580,5328],{"class":95},[64,128582,20721],{"class":222},[64,128584,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128602,128604,128606],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,128586,212],{"class":211},[64,128588,144],{"class":95},[64,128590,34666],{"class":140},[64,128592,137],{"class":95},[64,128594,128155],{"class":140},[64,128596,144],{"class":95},[64,128598,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128600,128601],{"class":1422},"th",[64,128603,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128605,5328],{"class":95},[64,128607,57594],{"class":222},[64,128609,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,128611,212],{"class":211},[64,128613,144],{"class":95},[64,128615,34666],{"class":140},[64,128617,137],{"class":95},[64,128619,128155],{"class":140},[64,128621,144],{"class":95},[64,128623,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128625,22030],{"class":1422},[64,128627,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128629,5328],{"class":95},[64,128631,128218],{"class":222},[14,128633,89859,128634,8426,128636,2839,128638,137],{},[61,128635,124125],{},[61,128637,3567],{},[61,128639,3635],{},[14,128641,128642],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[49,128644,1654,128645,40,128647],{"id":65356},[61,128646,36030],{},[61,128648,52620],{},[14,128650,256,128651,128653],{},[61,128652,36030],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128655,256,128656,128658],{},[61,128657,52620],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128660,1944,128661,75411,128663,128665],{},[61,128662,52620],{},[37,128664,65019],{}," in the search.",[54,128667,128669],{"className":56,"code":128668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[61,128670,128671,128684,128688,128712,128741,128773],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128672,128673,128675,128677,128679,128682],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128674,34645],{"class":74},[64,128676,92],{"class":91},[64,128678,3315],{"class":1418},[64,128680,128681],{"class":1422},"one two three two",[64,128683,3321],{"class":1418},[64,128685,128686],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,128687,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,128689,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,128691,212],{"class":211},[64,128693,144],{"class":95},[64,128695,34666],{"class":140},[64,128697,137],{"class":95},[64,128699,128155],{"class":140},[64,128701,144],{"class":95},[64,128703,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128705,79220],{"class":1422},[64,128707,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128709,5328],{"class":95},[64,128711,128449],{"class":222},[64,128713,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,128715,212],{"class":211},[64,128717,144],{"class":95},[64,128719,34666],{"class":140},[64,128721,137],{"class":95},[64,128723,128155],{"class":140},[64,128725,144],{"class":95},[64,128727,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128729,79220],{"class":1422},[64,128731,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128733,103],{"class":95},[64,128735,4570],{"class":99},[64,128737,5328],{"class":95},[64,128739,128740],{"class":222},"     # 14\n",[64,128742,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,128744,212],{"class":211},[64,128746,144],{"class":95},[64,128748,34666],{"class":140},[64,128750,137],{"class":95},[64,128752,128155],{"class":140},[64,128754,144],{"class":95},[64,128756,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128758,79220],{"class":1422},[64,128760,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128762,103],{"class":95},[64,128764,3797],{"class":99},[64,128766,103],{"class":95},[64,128768,5962],{"class":99},[64,128770,5328],{"class":95},[64,128772,50894],{"class":222},[64,128774,128775,128777,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,128776,212],{"class":211},[64,128778,144],{"class":95},[64,128780,34666],{"class":140},[64,128782,137],{"class":95},[64,128784,128155],{"class":140},[64,128786,144],{"class":95},[64,128788,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128790,79220],{"class":1422},[64,128792,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128794,103],{"class":95},[64,128796,3797],{"class":99},[64,128798,103],{"class":95},[64,128800,120],{"class":99},[64,128802,5328],{"class":95},[64,128804,128511],{"class":222},[14,128806,128807],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128809,128810,128811,55026,128815,137],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[543,128812,128814],{"href":128813},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[543,128816,128818,128820],{"href":128817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[61,128819,60480],{}," string method",[49,128822,123777],{"id":123776},[14,128824,128825,123588],{},[61,128826,124125],{},[14,128828,127175,128829,40,128831,128833],{},[61,128830,90367],{},[61,128832,64484],{}," are treated as different text.",[54,128835,128837],{"className":56,"code":128836,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[61,128838,128839,128852,128856,128880],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128840,128841,128843,128845,128847,128850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128842,34645],{"class":74},[64,128844,92],{"class":91},[64,128846,3315],{"class":1418},[64,128848,128849],{"class":1422},"Hello World",[64,128851,3321],{"class":1418},[64,128853,128854],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,128855,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,128857,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876,128878],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,128859,212],{"class":211},[64,128861,144],{"class":95},[64,128863,34666],{"class":140},[64,128865,137],{"class":95},[64,128867,128155],{"class":140},[64,128869,144],{"class":95},[64,128871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128873,34825],{"class":1422},[64,128875,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128877,5328],{"class":95},[64,128879,51206],{"class":222},[64,128881,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,128883,212],{"class":211},[64,128885,144],{"class":95},[64,128887,34666],{"class":140},[64,128889,137],{"class":95},[64,128891,128155],{"class":140},[64,128893,144],{"class":95},[64,128895,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128897,3809],{"class":1422},[64,128899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128901,5328],{"class":95},[64,128903,128511],{"class":222},[14,128905,128906],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[54,128908,128910],{"className":56,"code":128909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[61,128911,128912,128924,128928],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,128913,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128915,34645],{"class":74},[64,128917,92],{"class":91},[64,128919,3315],{"class":1418},[64,128921,128849],{"class":1422},[64,128923,3321],{"class":1418},[64,128925,128926],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,128927,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,128929,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,128931,212],{"class":211},[64,128933,144],{"class":95},[64,128935,34666],{"class":140},[64,128937,137],{"class":95},[64,128939,8611],{"class":140},[64,128941,8608],{"class":95},[64,128943,128155],{"class":140},[64,128945,144],{"class":95},[64,128947,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128949,3809],{"class":1422},[64,128951,1419],{"class":1418},[64,128953,5328],{"class":95},[64,128955,51206],{"class":222},[49,128957,128959,10557,128961],{"id":128958},"find-vs-index",[61,128960,124125],{},[61,128962,58916],{},[14,128964,128965,40,128967,128969],{},[61,128966,124125],{},[61,128968,58916],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[21,128971,128972,128978],{},[24,128973,128974,2361,128976],{},[61,128975,124125],{},[61,128977,65804],{},[24,128979,128980,52454,128982],{},[61,128981,58916],{},[61,128983,40662],{},[14,128985,256,128986,128988],{},[61,128987,124125],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128990,256,128991,128993],{},[61,128992,58916],{}," when the value must exist.",[54,128995,128997],{"className":56,"code":128996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[61,128998,128999,129011,129015],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129000,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129002,34645],{"class":74},[64,129004,92],{"class":91},[64,129006,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129008,3809],{"class":1422},[64,129010,3321],{"class":1418},[64,129012,129013],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129014,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,129016,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129018,212],{"class":211},[64,129020,144],{"class":95},[64,129022,34666],{"class":140},[64,129024,137],{"class":95},[64,129026,128155],{"class":140},[64,129028,144],{"class":95},[64,129030,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129032,2137],{"class":1422},[64,129034,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129036,5328],{"class":95},[64,129038,129039],{"class":222},"   # -1\n",[54,129041,129043],{"className":56,"code":129042,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[61,129044,129045,129057,129061],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129046,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129048,34645],{"class":74},[64,129050,92],{"class":91},[64,129052,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129054,3809],{"class":1422},[64,129056,3321],{"class":1418},[64,129058,129059],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129060,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,129062,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129064,212],{"class":211},[64,129066,144],{"class":95},[64,129068,34666],{"class":140},[64,129070,137],{"class":95},[64,129072,35803],{"class":140},[64,129074,144],{"class":95},[64,129076,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129078,2137],{"class":1422},[64,129080,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129082,5328],{"class":95},[64,129084,129085],{"class":222},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129087,129088,129089,129093,129094,129096,129097,137],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[543,129090,129091,128820],{"href":124150},[61,129092,58916],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[61,129095,58916],{},", read ",[543,129098,25634,129099],{"href":73431},[61,129100,129101],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[49,129103,41004],{"id":41003},[14,129105,35362,129106,129108],{},[61,129107,124125],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[21,129110,129111,129114,129117,129120],{},[24,129112,129113],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[24,129115,129116],{},"Get the position of a word",[24,129118,129119],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[24,129121,129122],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129124,129125],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[54,129127,129129],{"className":56,"code":129128,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[61,129130,129131,129144,129167,129171,129186,129202,129221,129235],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129132,129133,129135,129137,129139,129142],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129134,34645],{"class":74},[64,129136,92],{"class":91},[64,129138,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129140,129141],{"class":1422},"name:Alice",[64,129143,3321],{"class":1418},[64,129145,129146,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129147,129148],{"class":74},"colon_pos ",[64,129150,92],{"class":91},[64,129152,42801],{"class":74},[64,129154,137],{"class":95},[64,129156,128155],{"class":140},[64,129158,144],{"class":95},[64,129160,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129162,1117],{"class":1422},[64,129164,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129166,150],{"class":95},[64,129168,129169],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129170,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,129172,129173,129175,129178,129180,129182,129184],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,129174,6965],{"class":70},[64,129176,129177],{"class":74}," colon_pos ",[64,129179,72542],{"class":91},[64,129181,2186],{"class":91},[64,129183,100],{"class":99},[64,129185,6363],{"class":95},[64,129187,129188,129191,129193,129195,129197,129200],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,129189,129190],{"class":74},"    label ",[64,129192,92],{"class":91},[64,129194,42801],{"class":74},[64,129196,75484],{"class":95},[64,129198,129199],{"class":74},"colon_pos",[64,129201,746],{"class":95},[64,129203,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,129205,27355],{"class":74},[64,129207,92],{"class":91},[64,129209,42801],{"class":74},[64,129211,184],{"class":95},[64,129213,129148],{"class":74},[64,129215,2024],{"class":91},[64,129217,5465],{"class":99},[64,129219,129220],{"class":95},":]\n",[64,129222,129223,129225,129227,129230,129232],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,129224,8039],{"class":211},[64,129226,144],{"class":95},[64,129228,129229],{"class":140},"label",[64,129231,219],{"class":95},[64,129233,129234],{"class":222},"  # name\n",[64,129236,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,129238,8039],{"class":211},[64,129240,144],{"class":95},[64,129242,2436],{"class":140},[64,129244,219],{"class":95},[64,129246,129247],{"class":222},"  # Alice\n",[14,129249,129250,129251,137],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[543,129252,127166],{"href":123385},[49,129254,1646],{"id":1645},[14,129256,129257,129258,1117],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[61,129259,124125],{},[21,129261,129262,129271,129277,129282,129288],{},[24,129263,8423,129264,8426,129266,2839,129268,129270],{},[61,129265,124125],{},[61,129267,3567],{},[61,129269,3635],{}," instead of an index",[24,129272,129273,129274,129276],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[61,129275,65804],{}," when the substring is missing",[24,129278,1654,129279,129281],{},[61,129280,124125],{}," without handling case differences",[24,129283,37161,129284,8675,129286],{},[61,129285,124125],{},[61,129287,58916],{},[24,129289,4544,129290,129292],{},[61,129291,124125],{}," changes the string",[14,129294,129295],{},"Example of a mistake:",[54,129297,129299],{"className":56,"code":129298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[61,129300,129301,129313,129317,129337,129352,129358],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129302,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129304,34645],{"class":74},[64,129306,92],{"class":91},[64,129308,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129310,3809],{"class":1422},[64,129312,3321],{"class":1418},[64,129314,129315],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129316,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,129318,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129320,6965],{"class":70},[64,129322,42801],{"class":74},[64,129324,137],{"class":95},[64,129326,128155],{"class":140},[64,129328,144],{"class":95},[64,129330,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129332,60387],{"class":1422},[64,129334,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129336,8312],{"class":95},[64,129338,129339,129341,129343,129345,129348,129350],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,129340,8039],{"class":211},[64,129342,144],{"class":95},[64,129344,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129346,129347],{"class":1422},"Found",[64,129349,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129351,150],{"class":95},[64,129353,129354,129356],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,129355,27388],{"class":70},[64,129357,6363],{"class":95},[64,129359,129360,129362,129364,129366,129368,129370],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,129361,8039],{"class":211},[64,129363,144],{"class":95},[64,129365,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129367,26270],{"class":1422},[64,129369,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129371,150],{"class":95},[14,129373,99864],{},[54,129375,129377],{"className":56,"code":129376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Not found\n",[61,129378,129379],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129380,129381],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129382,129376],{"class":74},[14,129384,45661,129385,129388,129389,17025,129391,129393,129394,129396],{},[61,129386,129387],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[61,129390,187],{},[61,129392,187],{}," is treated as false in an ",[61,129395,6965],{}," statement.",[14,129398,129399],{},"A safer version is:",[54,129401,129403],{"className":56,"code":129402,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[61,129404,129405,129417,129421,129450,129464,129470],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129406,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129408,34645],{"class":74},[64,129410,92],{"class":91},[64,129412,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129414,3809],{"class":1422},[64,129416,3321],{"class":1418},[64,129418,129419],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129420,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,129422,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129444,129446,129448],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129424,6965],{"class":70},[64,129426,42801],{"class":74},[64,129428,137],{"class":95},[64,129430,128155],{"class":140},[64,129432,144],{"class":95},[64,129434,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129436,60387],{"class":1422},[64,129438,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129440,219],{"class":95},[64,129442,129443],{"class":91}," !=",[64,129445,2186],{"class":91},[64,129447,100],{"class":99},[64,129449,6363],{"class":95},[64,129451,129452,129454,129456,129458,129460,129462],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,129453,8039],{"class":211},[64,129455,144],{"class":95},[64,129457,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129459,129347],{"class":1422},[64,129461,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129463,150],{"class":95},[64,129465,129466,129468],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,129467,27388],{"class":70},[64,129469,6363],{"class":95},[64,129471,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,129473,8039],{"class":211},[64,129475,144],{"class":95},[64,129477,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129479,26270],{"class":1422},[64,129481,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129483,150],{"class":95},[14,129485,129486],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[54,129488,129490],{"className":56,"code":129489,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[61,129491,129492,129514,129528,129554,129568],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129493,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129495,212],{"class":211},[64,129497,144],{"class":95},[64,129499,34666],{"class":140},[64,129501,137],{"class":95},[64,129503,128155],{"class":140},[64,129505,144],{"class":95},[64,129507,3261],{"class":1418},[64,129509,38348],{"class":1422},[64,129511,3261],{"class":1418},[64,129513,1737],{"class":95},[64,129515,129516,129518,129520,129522,129524,129526],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129517,212],{"class":211},[64,129519,144],{"class":95},[64,129521,41738],{"class":211},[64,129523,144],{"class":95},[64,129525,34666],{"class":140},[64,129527,1737],{"class":95},[64,129529,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129531,212],{"class":211},[64,129533,144],{"class":95},[64,129535,34666],{"class":140},[64,129537,137],{"class":95},[64,129539,8611],{"class":140},[64,129541,8608],{"class":95},[64,129543,128155],{"class":140},[64,129545,144],{"class":95},[64,129547,3261],{"class":1418},[64,129549,38348],{"class":1422},[64,129551,3261],{"class":1418},[64,129553,1737],{"class":95},[64,129555,129556,129558,129560,129562,129564,129566],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,129557,212],{"class":211},[64,129559,144],{"class":95},[64,129561,11134],{"class":211},[64,129563,144],{"class":95},[64,129565,34666],{"class":140},[64,129567,1737],{"class":95},[64,129569,129570,129572,129574,129576,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590,129592,129594,129596],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,129571,212],{"class":211},[64,129573,144],{"class":95},[64,129575,34666],{"class":140},[64,129577,137],{"class":95},[64,129579,128155],{"class":140},[64,129581,144],{"class":95},[64,129583,3261],{"class":1418},[64,129585,38348],{"class":1422},[64,129587,3261],{"class":1418},[64,129589,103],{"class":95},[64,129591,36009],{"class":140},[64,129593,103],{"class":95},[64,129595,64990],{"class":140},[64,129597,1737],{"class":95},[14,129599,129600],{},"These help you check:",[21,129602,129603,129608,129613,129618,129621],{},[24,129604,129605,129606],{},"The actual result from ",[61,129607,124125],{},[24,129609,129610,129611],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[61,129612,122344],{},[24,129614,129615,129616],{},"Case differences with ",[61,129617,123860],{},[24,129619,129620],{},"The string length",[24,129622,129623,129624,40,129626,129628],{},"Whether your ",[61,129625,36030],{},[61,129627,52620],{}," values are correct",[49,129630,1826],{"id":1825},[816,129632,129634,129635,129637],{"id":129633},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[61,129636,124125],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129639,5113,129640,137],{},[61,129641,65804],{},[816,129643,12670,129645,129647],{"id":129644},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[61,129646,124125],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129649,129650],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[816,129652,129654,129655,124466],{"id":129653},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[61,129656,124125],{},[14,129658,129659],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[816,129661,5145,129663,40,129665,69605],{"id":129662},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[61,129664,124125],{},[61,129666,58916],{},[14,129668,129669,2361,129671,129673,129674,52454,129676,137],{},[61,129670,124125],{},[61,129672,65804],{}," if not found, while ",[61,129675,58916],{},[61,129677,40662],{},[816,129679,28282,129681,129683],{"id":129680},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[61,129682,124125],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129685,129686,129687,40,129689,66103],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[61,129688,36030],{},[61,129690,52620],{},[49,129692,1865],{"id":1864},[21,129694,129695,129701,129707,129714,129720,129727,129731,129736],{},[24,129696,129697],{},[543,129698,126130,129699,1248],{"href":124150},[61,129700,58916],{},[24,129702,129703],{},[543,129704,126130,129705,1248],{"href":128817},[61,129706,60480],{},[24,129708,129709],{},[543,129710,126130,129712,1248],{"href":129711},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[61,129713,124301],{},[24,129715,129716],{},[543,129717,126130,129718,1248],{"href":127495},[61,129719,127498],{},[24,129721,129722],{},[543,129723,126130,129725,1248],{"href":129724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[61,129726,126188],{},[24,129728,129729],{},[543,129730,124529],{"href":123385},[24,129732,129733],{},[543,129734,129735],{"href":128813},"How to split a string in Python",[24,129737,129738],{},[543,129739,26077,129740],{"href":73431},[61,129741,129101],{},[1898,129743,129744],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":129746},[129747,129749,129752,129753,129754,129755,129757,129758,129759,129771],{"id":128231,"depth":78,"text":129748},"What find() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":129750},[129751],{"id":17347,"depth":85,"text":17348},{"id":37976,"depth":78,"text":37977},{"id":65356,"depth":78,"text":66139},{"id":123776,"depth":78,"text":123777},{"id":128958,"depth":78,"text":129756},"find() vs index()",{"id":41003,"depth":78,"text":41004},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":129760},[129761,129763,129765,129767,129769],{"id":129633,"depth":85,"text":129762},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129644,"depth":85,"text":129764},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129653,"depth":85,"text":129766},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129662,"depth":85,"text":129768},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129680,"depth":85,"text":129770},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128103,"description":129772},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129779,"title":129780,"body":129781,"description":131707,"extension":1927,"meta":131708,"navigation":81,"path":131709,"seo":131710,"stem":131711,"__hash__":131712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129782,"toc":131675},[129783,129788,129793,129796,129798,129874,129878,129906,129914,129918,129923,129927,129944,129946,130013,130017,130039,130047,130049,130052,130076,130079,130093,130095,130180,130184,130196,130199,130203,130209,130259,130263,130280,130289,130292,130300,130303,130352,130356,130381,130384,130439,130443,130455,130461,130465,130471,130476,130543,130547,130573,130576,130587,130589,130656,130660,130685,130692,130696,130701,130708,130716,130718,130770,130774,130792,130794,130839,130843,130858,130861,130871,130878,130880,130884,130887,130898,130900,130960,130964,130992,130995,131001,131006,131009,131013,131057,131060,131098,131101,131109,131111,131116,131120,131123,131171,131174,131177,131233,131237,131242,131245,131294,131296,131345,131351,131356,131358,131405,131409,131422,131424,131475,131481,131484,131488,131491,131497,131502,131504,131507,131579,131582,131599,131601,131606,131609,131613,131619,131625,131632,131638,131644,131646,131672],[10,129784,123130,129786,11295],{"id":129785},"python-string-format-method",[61,129787,126133],{},[14,129789,123135,129790,129792],{},[61,129791,126133],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129794,129795],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[49,129797,52],{"id":51},[54,129799,129801],{"className":56,"code":129800,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[61,129802,129803,129815,129823,129827,129864],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129804,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129806,7846],{"class":74},[64,129808,92],{"class":91},[64,129810,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129812,11483],{"class":1422},[64,129814,3321],{"class":1418},[64,129816,129817,129819,129821],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129818,21581],{"class":74},[64,129820,92],{"class":91},[64,129822,88748],{"class":99},[64,129824,129825],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129826,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,129828,129829,129831,129833,129835,129838,129840,129843,129845,129847,129849,129851,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,129830,89956],{"class":74},[64,129832,92],{"class":91},[64,129834,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129836,129837],{"class":1422},"My name is ",[64,129839,3755],{"class":99},[64,129841,129842],{"class":1422}," and I am ",[64,129844,3755],{"class":99},[64,129846,122126],{"class":1422},[64,129848,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129850,137],{"class":95},[64,129852,129853],{"class":140},"format",[64,129855,144],{"class":95},[64,129857,7637],{"class":140},[64,129859,103],{"class":95},[64,129861,9160],{"class":140},[64,129863,150],{"class":95},[64,129865,129866,129868,129870,129872],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,129867,212],{"class":211},[64,129869,144],{"class":95},[64,129871,89973],{"class":140},[64,129873,150],{"class":95},[14,129875,129876],{},[37,129877,2035],{},[54,129879,129881],{"className":56,"code":129880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[61,129882,129883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129884,129885,129888,129890,129893,129896,129899,129902,129904],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129886,129887],{"class":74},"My name ",[64,129889,877],{"class":91},[64,129891,129892],{"class":74}," Maya ",[64,129894,129895],{"class":91},"and",[64,129897,129898],{"class":74}," I am ",[64,129900,129901],{"class":99},"12",[64,129903,122159],{"class":74},[64,129905,122162],{"class":95},[14,129907,256,129908,129910,129911,129913],{},[61,129909,3755],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[61,129912,126133],{}," in the same order.",[14,129915,124882,129916,137],{},[543,129917,124885],{"href":50934},[49,129919,12961,129921,12964],{"id":129920},"what-the-format-method-does",[61,129922,126133],{},[14,129924,1944,129925,11386],{},[61,129926,126133],{},[21,129928,129929,129932,129938,129941],{},[24,129930,129931],{},"inserts values into a string",[24,129933,129934,129935,129937],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[61,129936,3755],{}," with given values",[24,129939,129940],{},"returns a new string",[24,129942,129943],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129945,318],{},[54,129947,129949],{"className":56,"code":129948,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[61,129950,129951,129965,129988,129992,130003],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,129952,129953,129955,129957,129959,129961,129963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129954,34645],{"class":74},[64,129956,92],{"class":91},[64,129958,3315],{"class":1418},[64,129960,44859],{"class":1422},[64,129962,3755],{"class":99},[64,129964,3321],{"class":1418},[64,129966,129967,129970,129972,129974,129976,129978,129980,129982,129984,129986],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,129968,129969],{"class":74},"new_text ",[64,129971,92],{"class":91},[64,129973,42801],{"class":74},[64,129975,137],{"class":95},[64,129977,129853],{"class":140},[64,129979,144],{"class":95},[64,129981,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129983,7646],{"class":1422},[64,129985,1419],{"class":1418},[64,129987,150],{"class":95},[64,129989,129990],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,129991,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,129993,129994,129996,129998,130001],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,129995,212],{"class":211},[64,129997,144],{"class":95},[64,129999,130000],{"class":140},"new_text",[64,130002,150],{"class":95},[64,130004,130005,130007,130009,130011],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,130006,212],{"class":211},[64,130008,144],{"class":95},[64,130010,34666],{"class":140},[64,130012,150],{"class":95},[14,130014,130015],{},[37,130016,2035],{},[54,130018,130020],{"className":56,"code":130019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[61,130021,130022,130031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130023,130024,130026,130028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130025,34825],{"class":74},[64,130027,103],{"class":95},[64,130029,130030],{"class":74}," Sam\n",[64,130032,130033,130035,130037],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130034,34825],{"class":74},[64,130036,103],{"class":95},[64,130038,9810],{"class":95},[14,130040,2251,130041,130043,130044,130046],{},[61,130042,34666],{}," stays the same. ",[61,130045,126133],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[49,130048,2120],{"id":2119},[14,130050,130051],{},"The general form is:",[54,130053,130055],{"className":56,"code":130054,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[61,130056,130057],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130058,130059,130061,130064,130066,130068,130070,130072,130074],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130060,1419],{"class":43288},[64,130062,130063],{"class":43292},"text {}",[64,130065,1419],{"class":43288},[64,130067,137],{"class":95},[64,130069,129853],{"class":140},[64,130071,144],{"class":95},[64,130073,2436],{"class":140},[64,130075,150],{"class":95},[14,130077,130078],{},"Key idea:",[21,130080,130081,130087,130090],{},[24,130082,130083,130084,130086],{},"each ",[61,130085,3755],{}," is a placeholder",[24,130088,130089],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[24,130091,130092],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130094,318],{},[54,130096,130098],{"className":56,"code":130097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[61,130099,130100,130113,130127,130131,130169],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130101,130102,130105,130107,130109,130111],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130103,130104],{"class":74},"animal ",[64,130106,92],{"class":91},[64,130108,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130110,37004],{"class":1422},[64,130112,3321],{"class":1418},[64,130114,130115,130118,130120,130122,130125],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130116,130117],{"class":74},"sound ",[64,130119,92],{"class":91},[64,130121,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130123,130124],{"class":1422},"meow",[64,130126,3321],{"class":1418},[64,130128,130129],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,130130,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,130132,130133,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130147,130149,130151,130153,130155,130157,130159,130162,130164,130167],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,130134,130135],{"class":74},"sentence ",[64,130137,92],{"class":91},[64,130139,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130141,1944],{"class":1422},[64,130143,3755],{"class":99},[64,130145,130146],{"class":1422}," says ",[64,130148,3755],{"class":99},[64,130150,137],{"class":1422},[64,130152,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130154,137],{"class":95},[64,130156,129853],{"class":140},[64,130158,144],{"class":95},[64,130160,130161],{"class":140},"animal",[64,130163,103],{"class":95},[64,130165,130166],{"class":140}," sound",[64,130168,150],{"class":95},[64,130170,130171,130173,130175,130178],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,130172,212],{"class":211},[64,130174,144],{"class":95},[64,130176,130177],{"class":140},"sentence",[64,130179,150],{"class":95},[14,130181,130182],{},[37,130183,2035],{},[54,130185,130187],{"className":56,"code":130186,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The cat says meow.\n",[61,130188,130189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130190,130191,130194],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130192,130193],{"class":74},"The cat says meow",[64,130195,122162],{"class":95},[14,130197,130198],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[49,130200,130202],{"id":130201},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130204,130205,130206,130208],{},"You can use empty braces ",[61,130207,3755],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[54,130210,130212],{"className":56,"code":130211,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[61,130213,130214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130215,130216,130218,130220,130222,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237,130239,130241,130243,130246,130248,130250,130252,130255,130257],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130217,212],{"class":211},[64,130219,144],{"class":95},[64,130221,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130223,130224],{"class":1422},"I like ",[64,130226,3755],{"class":99},[64,130228,40],{"class":1422},[64,130230,3755],{"class":99},[64,130232,137],{"class":1422},[64,130234,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130236,137],{"class":95},[64,130238,129853],{"class":140},[64,130240,144],{"class":95},[64,130242,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130244,130245],{"class":1422},"pizza",[64,130247,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130249,103],{"class":95},[64,130251,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130253,130254],{"class":1422},"pasta",[64,130256,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130258,1737],{"class":95},[14,130260,130261],{},[37,130262,2035],{},[54,130264,130266],{"className":56,"code":130265,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[61,130267,130268],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130269,130270,130273,130275,130278],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130271,130272],{"class":74},"I like pizza ",[64,130274,129895],{"class":91},[64,130276,130277],{"class":74}," pasta",[64,130279,122162],{"class":95},[14,130281,130282,130283,40,130286,137],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[61,130284,130285],{},"{0}",[61,130287,130288],{},"{1}",[14,130290,130291],{},"This is helpful when:",[21,130293,130294,130297],{},[24,130295,130296],{},"you want to reuse a value",[24,130298,130299],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130301,130302],{},"Example with reused values:",[54,130304,130306],{"className":56,"code":130305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,130307,130308,130342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130309,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130321,130323,130326,130328,130330,130332,130334,130336,130338,130340],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130311,34645],{"class":74},[64,130313,92],{"class":91},[64,130315,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130317,130285],{"class":99},[64,130319,130320],{"class":1422}," is learning Python. ",[64,130322,130285],{"class":99},[64,130324,130325],{"class":1422}," likes coding.",[64,130327,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130329,137],{"class":95},[64,130331,129853],{"class":140},[64,130333,144],{"class":95},[64,130335,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130337,19836],{"class":1422},[64,130339,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130341,150],{"class":95},[64,130343,130344,130346,130348,130350],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130345,212],{"class":211},[64,130347,144],{"class":95},[64,130349,34666],{"class":140},[64,130351,150],{"class":95},[14,130353,130354],{},[37,130355,2035],{},[54,130357,130359],{"className":56,"code":130358,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[61,130360,130361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130362,130363,130366,130368,130371,130373,130376,130379],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130364,130365],{"class":74},"Lina ",[64,130367,877],{"class":91},[64,130369,130370],{"class":74}," learning Python",[64,130372,137],{"class":95},[64,130374,130375],{"class":24704}," Lina",[64,130377,130378],{"class":74}," likes coding",[64,130380,122162],{"class":95},[14,130382,130383],{},"Example with changed order:",[54,130385,130387],{"className":56,"code":130386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,130388,130389,130429],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130390,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403,130405,130407,130409,130411,130413,130415,130417,130419,130421,130423,130425,130427],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130392,34645],{"class":74},[64,130394,92],{"class":91},[64,130396,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130398,130288],{"class":99},[64,130400,83275],{"class":1422},[64,130402,130285],{"class":99},[64,130404,137],{"class":1422},[64,130406,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130408,137],{"class":95},[64,130410,129853],{"class":140},[64,130412,144],{"class":95},[64,130414,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130416,6552],{"class":1422},[64,130418,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130420,103],{"class":95},[64,130422,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130424,79220],{"class":1422},[64,130426,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130428,150],{"class":95},[64,130430,130431,130433,130435,130437],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130432,212],{"class":211},[64,130434,144],{"class":95},[64,130436,34666],{"class":140},[64,130438,150],{"class":95},[14,130440,130441],{},[37,130442,2035],{},[54,130444,130446],{"className":56,"code":130445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"two comes after one.\n",[61,130447,130448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130449,130450,130453],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130451,130452],{"class":74},"two comes after one",[64,130454,122162],{"class":95},[14,130456,130457,130458,130460],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[61,130459,3755],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[49,130462,130464],{"id":130463},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130466,130467,130468,137],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[61,130469,130470],{},"{name}",[14,130472,130473,130474,1117],{},"You pass matching names into ",[61,130475,126133],{},[54,130477,130479],{"className":56,"code":130478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,130480,130481,130533],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130482,130483,130485,130487,130489,130491,130493,130496,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523,130525,130527,130529,130531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130484,34645],{"class":74},[64,130486,92],{"class":91},[64,130488,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130490,129837],{"class":1422},[64,130492,130470],{"class":99},[64,130494,130495],{"class":1422}," and I live in ",[64,130497,130498],{"class":99},"{city}",[64,130500,137],{"class":1422},[64,130502,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130504,137],{"class":95},[64,130506,129853],{"class":140},[64,130508,144],{"class":95},[64,130510,7637],{"class":9147},[64,130512,92],{"class":91},[64,130514,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130516,12846],{"class":1422},[64,130518,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130520,103],{"class":95},[64,130522,31340],{"class":9147},[64,130524,92],{"class":91},[64,130526,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130528,15984],{"class":1422},[64,130530,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130532,150],{"class":95},[64,130534,130535,130537,130539,130541],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130536,212],{"class":211},[64,130538,144],{"class":95},[64,130540,34666],{"class":140},[64,130542,150],{"class":95},[14,130544,130545],{},[37,130546,2035],{},[54,130548,130550],{"className":56,"code":130549,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[61,130551,130552],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130553,130554,130556,130558,130561,130563,130566,130568,130571],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130555,129887],{"class":74},[64,130557,877],{"class":91},[64,130559,130560],{"class":74}," Ana ",[64,130562,129895],{"class":91},[64,130564,130565],{"class":74}," I live ",[64,130567,3847],{"class":91},[64,130569,130570],{"class":74}," Lima",[64,130572,122162],{"class":95},[14,130574,130575],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[21,130577,130578,130581,130584],{},[24,130579,130580],{},"they make code easier to read",[24,130582,130583],{},"they help when a string has many values",[24,130585,130586],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130588,318],{},[54,130590,130592],{"className":56,"code":130591,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[61,130593,130594,130646],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130595,130596,130599,130601,130603,130606,130609,130612,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130632,130634,130636,130639,130641,130644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130597,130598],{"class":74},"report ",[64,130600,92],{"class":91},[64,130602,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130604,130605],{"class":1422},"Student: ",[64,130607,130608],{"class":99},"{student}",[64,130610,130611],{"class":1422},", Score: ",[64,130613,130614],{"class":99},"{score}",[64,130616,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130618,137],{"class":95},[64,130620,129853],{"class":140},[64,130622,144],{"class":95},[64,130624,13589],{"class":9147},[64,130626,92],{"class":91},[64,130628,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130630,130631],{"class":1422},"Noah",[64,130633,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130635,103],{"class":95},[64,130637,130638],{"class":9147}," score",[64,130640,92],{"class":91},[64,130642,130643],{"class":99},"95",[64,130645,150],{"class":95},[64,130647,130648,130650,130652,130654],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130649,212],{"class":211},[64,130651,144],{"class":95},[64,130653,127843],{"class":140},[64,130655,150],{"class":95},[14,130657,130658],{},[37,130659,2035],{},[54,130661,130663],{"className":56,"code":130662,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[61,130664,130665],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130666,130667,130670,130672,130675,130677,130680,130682],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130668,130669],{"class":74},"Student",[64,130671,1117],{"class":95},[64,130673,130674],{"class":74}," Noah",[64,130676,103],{"class":95},[64,130678,130679],{"class":74}," Score",[64,130681,1117],{"class":95},[64,130683,130684],{"class":99}," 95\n",[14,130686,130687,130688,137],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[543,130689,1877,130690,3472],{"href":42134},[61,130691,47641],{},[49,130693,130695],{"id":130694},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130697,130698,130700],{},[61,130699,126133],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130702,130703,130704,130707],{},"A common example is ",[61,130705,130706],{},":.2f",", which means:",[21,130709,130710,130713],{},[24,130711,130712],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[24,130714,130715],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130717,318],{},[54,130719,130721],{"className":56,"code":130720,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[61,130722,130723,130731,130760],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130724,130725,130727,130729],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130726,40345],{"class":74},[64,130728,92],{"class":91},[64,130730,49234],{"class":99},[64,130732,130733,130735,130737,130739,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130734,34645],{"class":74},[64,130736,92],{"class":91},[64,130738,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130740,130741],{"class":1422},"Price: $",[64,130743,9249],{"class":99},[64,130745,130706],{"class":2029},[64,130747,22256],{"class":99},[64,130749,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130751,137],{"class":95},[64,130753,129853],{"class":140},[64,130755,144],{"class":95},[64,130757,25104],{"class":140},[64,130759,150],{"class":95},[64,130761,130762,130764,130766,130768],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,130763,212],{"class":211},[64,130765,144],{"class":95},[64,130767,34666],{"class":140},[64,130769,150],{"class":95},[14,130771,130772],{},[37,130773,2035],{},[54,130775,130777],{"className":56,"code":130776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Price: $3.50\n",[61,130778,130779],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130780,130781,130784,130786,130789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130782,130783],{"class":74},"Price",[64,130785,1117],{"class":95},[64,130787,130788],{"class":37324}," $",[64,130790,130791],{"class":99},"3.50\n",[14,130793,52039],{},[54,130795,130797],{"className":56,"code":130796,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[61,130798,130799,130809],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130800,130801,130804,130806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130802,130803],{"class":74},"average ",[64,130805,92],{"class":91},[64,130807,130808],{"class":99}," 91.236\n",[64,130810,130811,130813,130815,130817,130820,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130837],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130812,212],{"class":211},[64,130814,144],{"class":95},[64,130816,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130818,130819],{"class":1422},"Average: ",[64,130821,9249],{"class":99},[64,130823,130706],{"class":2029},[64,130825,22256],{"class":99},[64,130827,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130829,137],{"class":95},[64,130831,129853],{"class":140},[64,130833,144],{"class":95},[64,130835,130836],{"class":140},"average",[64,130838,1737],{"class":95},[14,130840,130841],{},[37,130842,2035],{},[54,130844,130846],{"className":56,"code":130845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Average: 91.24\n",[61,130847,130848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130849,130850,130853,130855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130851,130852],{"class":74},"Average",[64,130854,1117],{"class":95},[64,130856,130857],{"class":99}," 91.24\n",[14,130859,130860],{},"This is useful for:",[21,130862,130863,130865,130868],{},[24,130864,83033],{},[24,130866,130867],{},"averages",[24,130869,130870],{},"percentages",[14,130872,130873,130874,137],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[543,130875,1877,130876,2267],{"href":46407},[61,130877,46410],{},[49,130879,17372],{"id":17371},[14,130881,130882,92470],{},[61,130883,126133],{},[14,130885,130886],{},"That means you can:",[21,130888,130889,130892,130895],{},[24,130890,130891],{},"save it in a variable",[24,130893,130894],{},"print it directly",[24,130896,130897],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130899,318],{},[54,130901,130903],{"className":56,"code":130902,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[61,130904,130905,130936,130946],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130906,130907,130909,130911,130913,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925,130927,130929,130932,130934],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130908,89956],{"class":74},[64,130910,92],{"class":91},[64,130912,3315],{"class":1418},[64,130914,44859],{"class":1422},[64,130916,3755],{"class":99},[64,130918,89797],{"class":1422},[64,130920,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130922,137],{"class":95},[64,130924,129853],{"class":140},[64,130926,144],{"class":95},[64,130928,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130930,130931],{"class":1422},"Chris",[64,130933,1419],{"class":1418},[64,130935,150],{"class":95},[64,130937,130938,130940,130942,130944],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130939,212],{"class":211},[64,130941,144],{"class":95},[64,130943,89973],{"class":140},[64,130945,150],{"class":95},[64,130947,130948,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,130949,212],{"class":211},[64,130951,144],{"class":95},[64,130953,1779],{"class":1778},[64,130955,144],{"class":95},[64,130957,89973],{"class":140},[64,130959,1737],{"class":95},[14,130961,130962],{},[37,130963,2035],{},[54,130965,130967],{"className":56,"code":130966,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[61,130968,130969,130978],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,130970,130971,130973,130975],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130972,34825],{"class":74},[64,130974,103],{"class":95},[64,130976,130977],{"class":74}," Chris!\n",[64,130979,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,130981,3250],{"class":91},[64,130983,3253],{"class":2029},[64,130985,3256],{"class":1418},[64,130987,3406],{"class":1422},[64,130989,3261],{"class":1418},[64,130991,3264],{"class":91},[14,130993,130994],{},"The original string is not changed.",[49,130996,130998,131000],{"id":130997},"format-vs-f-strings",[61,130999,126133],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131002,131003,131005],{},[61,131004,126133],{}," is a string method.",[14,131007,131008],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131010,45998,131011,1117],{},[61,131012,126133],{},[54,131014,131016],{"className":56,"code":131015,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[61,131017,131018,131031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131019,131020,131022,131024,131026,131029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131021,7846],{"class":74},[64,131023,92],{"class":91},[64,131025,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131027,131028],{"class":1422},"Rita",[64,131030,3321],{"class":1418},[64,131032,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049,131051,131053,131055],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131034,212],{"class":211},[64,131036,144],{"class":95},[64,131038,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131040,44859],{"class":1422},[64,131042,3755],{"class":99},[64,131044,89797],{"class":1422},[64,131046,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131048,137],{"class":95},[64,131050,129853],{"class":140},[64,131052,144],{"class":95},[64,131054,7637],{"class":140},[64,131056,1737],{"class":95},[14,131058,131059],{},"Example with an f-string:",[54,131061,131063],{"className":56,"code":131062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[61,131064,131065,131077],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131066,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131068,7846],{"class":74},[64,131070,92],{"class":91},[64,131072,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131074,131028],{"class":1422},[64,131076,3321],{"class":1418},[64,131078,131079,131081,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091,131093,131096],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131080,212],{"class":211},[64,131082,144],{"class":95},[64,131084,22247],{"class":2029},[64,131086,43306],{"class":1422},[64,131088,9249],{"class":99},[64,131090,7637],{"class":140},[64,131092,22256],{"class":99},[64,131094,131095],{"class":1422},"!\"",[64,131097,150],{"class":95},[14,131099,131100],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131102,131103,131104,131106,131107,137],{},"This page focuses on how ",[61,131105,126133],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[543,131108,89642],{"href":89641},[49,131110,1646],{"id":1645},[14,131112,131113,131114,137],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[61,131115,126133],{},[816,131117,131119],{"id":131118},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131121,131122],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[54,131124,131126],{"className":56,"code":131125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,131127,131128,131161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131129,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131131,34645],{"class":74},[64,131133,92],{"class":91},[64,131135,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131137,44859],{"class":1422},[64,131139,3755],{"class":99},[64,131141,131142],{"class":99}," {}",[64,131144,89797],{"class":1422},[64,131146,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131148,137],{"class":95},[64,131150,129853],{"class":140},[64,131152,144],{"class":95},[64,131154,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131156,7646],{"class":1422},[64,131158,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131160,150],{"class":95},[64,131162,131163,131165,131167,131169],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131164,212],{"class":211},[64,131166,144],{"class":95},[64,131168,34666],{"class":140},[64,131170,150],{"class":95},[14,131172,131173],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131175,131176],{},"Fixed version:",[54,131178,131180],{"className":56,"code":131179,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,131181,131182,131223],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131183,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131219,131221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131185,34645],{"class":74},[64,131187,92],{"class":91},[64,131189,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131191,44859],{"class":1422},[64,131193,3755],{"class":99},[64,131195,131142],{"class":99},[64,131197,89797],{"class":1422},[64,131199,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131201,137],{"class":95},[64,131203,129853],{"class":140},[64,131205,144],{"class":95},[64,131207,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131209,7646],{"class":1422},[64,131211,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131213,103],{"class":95},[64,131215,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131217,131218],{"class":1422},"Lee",[64,131220,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131222,150],{"class":95},[64,131224,131225,131227,131229,131231],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131226,212],{"class":211},[64,131228,144],{"class":95},[64,131230,34666],{"class":140},[64,131232,150],{"class":95},[816,131234,131236],{"id":131235},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131238,131239,131240,137],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[61,131241,126133],{},[14,131243,131244],{},"Problem:",[54,131246,131248],{"className":56,"code":131247,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,131249,131250,131284],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131251,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272,131274,131276,131278,131280,131282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131253,34645],{"class":74},[64,131255,92],{"class":91},[64,131257,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131259,44859],{"class":1422},[64,131261,130470],{"class":99},[64,131263,89797],{"class":1422},[64,131265,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131267,137],{"class":95},[64,131269,129853],{"class":140},[64,131271,144],{"class":95},[64,131273,7955],{"class":9147},[64,131275,92],{"class":91},[64,131277,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131279,7646],{"class":1422},[64,131281,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131283,150],{"class":95},[64,131285,131286,131288,131290,131292],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131287,212],{"class":211},[64,131289,144],{"class":95},[64,131291,34666],{"class":140},[64,131293,150],{"class":95},[14,131295,131176],{},[54,131297,131299],{"className":56,"code":131298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,131300,131301,131335],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131302,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131327,131329,131331,131333],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131304,34645],{"class":74},[64,131306,92],{"class":91},[64,131308,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131310,44859],{"class":1422},[64,131312,130470],{"class":99},[64,131314,89797],{"class":1422},[64,131316,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131318,137],{"class":95},[64,131320,129853],{"class":140},[64,131322,144],{"class":95},[64,131324,7637],{"class":9147},[64,131326,92],{"class":91},[64,131328,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131330,7646],{"class":1422},[64,131332,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131334,150],{"class":95},[64,131336,131337,131339,131341,131343],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131338,212],{"class":211},[64,131340,144],{"class":95},[64,131342,34666],{"class":140},[64,131344,150],{"class":95},[816,131346,8423,131348,131350],{"id":131347},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[61,131349,126133],{}," to change the original string",[14,131352,131353,131355],{},[61,131354,126133],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131357,131244],{},[54,131359,131361],{"className":56,"code":131360,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,131362,131363,131377,131395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131364,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131366,34645],{"class":74},[64,131368,92],{"class":91},[64,131370,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131372,44859],{"class":1422},[64,131374,3755],{"class":99},[64,131376,3321],{"class":1418},[64,131378,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131380,34666],{"class":74},[64,131382,137],{"class":95},[64,131384,129853],{"class":140},[64,131386,144],{"class":95},[64,131388,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131390,7646],{"class":1422},[64,131392,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131394,150],{"class":95},[64,131396,131397,131399,131401,131403],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,131398,212],{"class":211},[64,131400,144],{"class":95},[64,131402,34666],{"class":140},[64,131404,150],{"class":95},[14,131406,131407],{},[37,131408,2035],{},[54,131410,131412],{"className":56,"code":131411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello, {}\n",[61,131413,131414],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131415,131416,131418,131420],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131417,34825],{"class":74},[64,131419,103],{"class":95},[64,131421,9810],{"class":95},[14,131423,131176],{},[54,131425,131427],{"className":56,"code":131426,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,131428,131429,131443,131465],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131430,131431,131433,131435,131437,131439,131441],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131432,34645],{"class":74},[64,131434,92],{"class":91},[64,131436,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131438,44859],{"class":1422},[64,131440,3755],{"class":99},[64,131442,3321],{"class":1418},[64,131444,131445,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131446,34645],{"class":74},[64,131448,92],{"class":91},[64,131450,42801],{"class":74},[64,131452,137],{"class":95},[64,131454,129853],{"class":140},[64,131456,144],{"class":95},[64,131458,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131460,7646],{"class":1422},[64,131462,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131464,150],{"class":95},[64,131466,131467,131469,131471,131473],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,131468,212],{"class":211},[64,131470,144],{"class":95},[64,131472,34666],{"class":140},[64,131474,150],{"class":95},[816,131476,4668,131478,131480],{"id":131477},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[61,131479,126133],{}," returns a new string",[14,131482,131483],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[816,131485,131487],{"id":131486},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131489,131490],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131492,131493,131494,131496],{},"Use simple ",[61,131495,3755],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131498,131499,131500,137],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[543,131501,90355],{"href":90354},[49,131503,67845],{"id":67844},[14,131505,131506],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[54,131508,131510],{"className":56,"code":131509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[61,131511,131512,131522,131536,131565],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131513,131514,131516,131518,131520],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131515,212],{"class":211},[64,131517,144],{"class":95},[64,131519,34666],{"class":140},[64,131521,150],{"class":95},[64,131523,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131525,212],{"class":211},[64,131527,144],{"class":95},[64,131529,1779],{"class":1778},[64,131531,144],{"class":95},[64,131533,2436],{"class":140},[64,131535,1737],{"class":95},[64,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,131539,212],{"class":211},[64,131541,144],{"class":95},[64,131543,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131545,131546],{"class":1422},"Hello ",[64,131548,3755],{"class":99},[64,131550,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131552,137],{"class":95},[64,131554,129853],{"class":140},[64,131556,144],{"class":95},[64,131558,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131560,7646],{"class":1422},[64,131562,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131564,1737],{"class":95},[64,131566,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131577],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,131568,32108],{"class":211},[64,131570,144],{"class":95},[64,131572,3406],{"class":1778},[64,131574,137],{"class":95},[64,131576,129853],{"class":24704},[64,131578,150],{"class":95},[14,131580,131581],{},"Use them to check:",[21,131583,131584,131587,131590,131593],{},[24,131585,131586],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[24,131588,131589],{},"what type your value has",[24,131591,131592],{},"whether a small test example works",[24,131594,131595,131596],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[61,131597,131598],{},"str.format",[49,131600,1826],{"id":1825},[816,131602,129634,131604,12682],{"id":131603},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[61,131605,126133],{},[14,131607,131608],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[816,131610,131612],{"id":131611},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131614,131615,131616,131618],{},"No. You can use plain ",[61,131617,3755],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[816,131620,131622,131623,2456],{"id":131621},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[61,131624,126133],{},[14,131626,131627,131628,131631],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[61,131629,131630],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[816,131633,14857,131635,131637],{"id":131634},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[61,131636,126133],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131639,131640,131641,131643],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[61,131642,126133],{}," is still useful and common.",[49,131645,1865],{"id":1864},[21,131647,131648,131652,131656,131662,131668],{},[24,131649,131650],{},[543,131651,124885],{"href":50934},[24,131653,131654],{},[543,131655,90632],{"href":89641},[24,131657,131658],{},[543,131659,1877,131660,3472],{"href":46407},[61,131661,46410],{},[24,131663,131664],{},[543,131665,1877,131666,3472],{"href":42134},[61,131667,47641],{},[24,131669,131670],{},[543,131671,90355],{"href":90354},[1898,131673,131674],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":131676},[131677,131678,131680,131681,131682,131683,131684,131685,131687,131696,131697,131706],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":129920,"depth":78,"text":131679},"What the format() method does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":130201,"depth":78,"text":130202},{"id":130463,"depth":78,"text":130464},{"id":130694,"depth":78,"text":130695},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":130997,"depth":78,"text":131686},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":131688},[131689,131690,131691,131693,131695],{"id":131118,"depth":85,"text":131119},{"id":131235,"depth":85,"text":131236},{"id":131347,"depth":85,"text":131692},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131477,"depth":85,"text":131694},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131486,"depth":85,"text":131487},{"id":67844,"depth":78,"text":67845},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":131698},[131699,131701,131702,131704],{"id":131603,"depth":85,"text":131700},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131611,"depth":85,"text":131612},{"id":131621,"depth":85,"text":131703},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131634,"depth":85,"text":131705},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129780,"description":131707},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131714,"title":131715,"body":131716,"description":133196,"extension":1927,"meta":133197,"navigation":81,"path":133198,"seo":133199,"stem":133200,"__hash__":133201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131717,"toc":133168},[131718,131723,131728,131733,131735,131797,131804,131810,131815,131817,131833,131835,131906,131908,131922,131925,131975,131977,131979,132006,132009,132024,132027,132068,132071,132116,132123,132172,132174,132182,132184,132202,132204,132297,132305,132346,132351,132358,132364,132371,132374,132378,132479,132481,132503,132507,132560,132563,132566,132572,132579,132581,132620,132622,132640,132650,132657,132740,132743,132750,132757,132764,132768,132776,132822,132826,132835,132900,132905,132910,132921,132923,132928,132955,132957,133060,133063,133083,133085,133090,133093,133097,133101,133108,133117,133123,133126,133132,133134,133136,133165],[10,131719,123130,131721,11295],{"id":131720},"python-string-index-method",[61,131722,58916],{},[14,131724,123135,131725,131727],{},[61,131726,58916],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131729,131730,131731,137],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[61,131732,40662],{},[49,131734,52],{"id":51},[54,131736,131738],{"className":56,"code":131737,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[61,131739,131740,131752,131774,131784,131788,131792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131741,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131743,34645],{"class":74},[64,131745,92],{"class":91},[64,131747,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131749,60355],{"class":1422},[64,131751,3321],{"class":1418},[64,131753,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131755,64869],{"class":74},[64,131757,92],{"class":91},[64,131759,42801],{"class":74},[64,131761,137],{"class":95},[64,131763,35803],{"class":140},[64,131765,144],{"class":95},[64,131767,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131769,60540],{"class":1422},[64,131771,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131773,150],{"class":95},[64,131775,131776,131778,131780,131782],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,131777,212],{"class":211},[64,131779,144],{"class":95},[64,131781,64896],{"class":140},[64,131783,150],{"class":95},[64,131785,131786],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,131787,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,131789,131790],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,131791,90773],{"class":222},[64,131793,131794],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,131795,131796],{"class":222},"# 6\n",[14,131798,256,131799,131801,131802,137],{},[61,131800,58916],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[61,131803,40662],{},[49,131805,3639,131807,3642],{"id":131806},"what-strindex-does",[61,131808,131809],{},"str.index()",[14,131811,131812,131814],{},[61,131813,131809],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131816,13017],{},[21,131818,131819,131822,131825,131828],{},[24,131820,131821],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[24,131823,131824],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[24,131826,131827],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[24,131829,30248,131830,131832],{},[61,131831,40662],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131834,318],{},[54,131836,131838],{"className":56,"code":131837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[61,131839,131840,131852,131856,131881],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131841,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131843,34645],{"class":74},[64,131845,92],{"class":91},[64,131847,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131849,4052],{"class":1422},[64,131851,3321],{"class":1418},[64,131853,131854],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131855,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,131857,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,131859,212],{"class":211},[64,131861,144],{"class":95},[64,131863,34666],{"class":140},[64,131865,137],{"class":95},[64,131867,35803],{"class":140},[64,131869,144],{"class":95},[64,131871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131873,543],{"class":1422},[64,131875,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131877,5328],{"class":95},[64,131879,131880],{"class":222},"     # 1\n",[64,131882,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,131884,212],{"class":211},[64,131886,144],{"class":95},[64,131888,34666],{"class":140},[64,131890,137],{"class":95},[64,131892,35803],{"class":140},[64,131894,144],{"class":95},[64,131896,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131898,123223],{"class":1422},[64,131900,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131902,5328],{"class":95},[64,131904,131905],{"class":222},"    # 2\n",[14,131907,2142],{},[21,131909,131910,131916],{},[24,131911,131912,128343,131914],{},[61,131913,18049],{},[61,131915,100],{},[24,131917,131918,128343,131920],{},[61,131919,128342],{},[61,131921,2021],{},[14,131923,131924],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[54,131926,131928],{"className":56,"code":131927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[61,131929,131930,131942,131946,131970],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131931,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131933,34645],{"class":74},[64,131935,92],{"class":91},[64,131937,3315],{"class":1418},[64,131939,34825],{"class":1422},[64,131941,3321],{"class":1418},[64,131943,131944],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,131945,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,131947,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,131949,212],{"class":211},[64,131951,144],{"class":95},[64,131953,34666],{"class":140},[64,131955,137],{"class":95},[64,131957,35803],{"class":140},[64,131959,144],{"class":95},[64,131961,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131963,51150],{"class":1422},[64,131965,1419],{"class":1418},[64,131967,5328],{"class":95},[64,131969,20721],{"class":222},[64,131971,131972],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,131973,131974],{"class":222},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[49,131976,2120],{"id":2119},[14,131978,2123],{},[54,131980,131982],{"className":56,"code":131981,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[61,131983,131984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,131985,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131987,61123],{"class":74},[64,131989,137],{"class":95},[64,131991,35803],{"class":140},[64,131993,144],{"class":95},[64,131995,2436],{"class":140},[64,131997,103],{"class":95},[64,131999,36009],{"class":140},[64,132001,103],{"class":95},[64,132003,64990],{"class":140},[64,132005,150],{"class":95},[14,132007,132008],{},"Parameters:",[21,132010,132011,132015,132019],{},[24,132012,132013,123322],{},[61,132014,2436],{},[24,132016,132017,128389],{},[61,132018,36030],{},[24,132020,132021,132023],{},[61,132022,52620],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132025,132026],{},"You can use just the value:",[54,132028,132030],{"className":56,"code":132029,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[61,132031,132032,132044],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132033,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132035,34645],{"class":74},[64,132037,92],{"class":91},[64,132039,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132041,58],{"class":1422},[64,132043,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132045,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132047,212],{"class":211},[64,132049,144],{"class":95},[64,132051,34666],{"class":140},[64,132053,137],{"class":95},[64,132055,35803],{"class":140},[64,132057,144],{"class":95},[64,132059,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132061,63236],{"class":1422},[64,132063,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132065,5328],{"class":95},[64,132067,51374],{"class":222},[14,132069,132070],{},"Or include a start position:",[54,132072,132074],{"className":56,"code":132073,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[61,132075,132076,132088],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132077,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132079,34645],{"class":74},[64,132081,92],{"class":91},[64,132083,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132085,4052],{"class":1422},[64,132087,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132089,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132091,212],{"class":211},[64,132093,144],{"class":95},[64,132095,34666],{"class":140},[64,132097,137],{"class":95},[64,132099,35803],{"class":140},[64,132101,144],{"class":95},[64,132103,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132105,543],{"class":1422},[64,132107,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132109,103],{"class":95},[64,132111,106],{"class":99},[64,132113,5328],{"class":95},[64,132115,50729],{"class":222},[14,132117,132118,132119,40,132121,1117],{},"Or include both ",[61,132120,36030],{},[61,132122,52620],{},[54,132124,132126],{"className":56,"code":132125,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[61,132127,132128,132140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132129,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132131,34645],{"class":74},[64,132133,92],{"class":91},[64,132135,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132137,4052],{"class":1422},[64,132139,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132141,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132143,212],{"class":211},[64,132145,144],{"class":95},[64,132147,34666],{"class":140},[64,132149,137],{"class":95},[64,132151,35803],{"class":140},[64,132153,144],{"class":95},[64,132155,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132157,543],{"class":1422},[64,132159,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132161,103],{"class":95},[64,132163,106],{"class":99},[64,132165,103],{"class":95},[64,132167,4570],{"class":99},[64,132169,5328],{"class":95},[64,132171,50729],{"class":222},[49,132173,37977],{"id":37976},[14,132175,28662,132176,132178,132179,137],{},[61,132177,58916],{}," is a ",[37,132180,132181],{},"zero-based index",[14,132183,304],{},[21,132185,132186,132192,132197],{},[24,132187,132188,132189,132191],{},"Index ",[61,132190,187],{}," is the first character",[24,132193,132188,132194,132196],{},[61,132195,100],{}," is the second character",[24,132198,132188,132199,132201],{},[61,132200,2021],{}," is the third character",[14,132203,318],{},[54,132205,132207],{"className":56,"code":132206,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[61,132208,132209,132221,132225,132249,132273],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132210,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132212,34645],{"class":74},[64,132214,92],{"class":91},[64,132216,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132218,37004],{"class":1422},[64,132220,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132222,132223],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132224,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,132226,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,132228,212],{"class":211},[64,132230,144],{"class":95},[64,132232,34666],{"class":140},[64,132234,137],{"class":95},[64,132236,35803],{"class":140},[64,132238,144],{"class":95},[64,132240,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132242,9711],{"class":1422},[64,132244,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132246,5328],{"class":95},[64,132248,51206],{"class":222},[64,132250,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,132252,212],{"class":211},[64,132254,144],{"class":95},[64,132256,34666],{"class":140},[64,132258,137],{"class":95},[64,132260,35803],{"class":140},[64,132262,144],{"class":95},[64,132264,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132266,543],{"class":1422},[64,132268,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132270,5328],{"class":95},[64,132272,27733],{"class":222},[64,132274,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,132276,212],{"class":211},[64,132278,144],{"class":95},[64,132280,34666],{"class":140},[64,132282,137],{"class":95},[64,132284,35803],{"class":140},[64,132286,144],{"class":95},[64,132288,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132290,63236],{"class":1422},[64,132292,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132294,5328],{"class":95},[64,132296,51374],{"class":222},[14,132298,132299,132301,132302,132304],{},[61,132300,58916],{}," returns only the ",[37,132303,29863],{}," matching position.",[54,132306,132308],{"className":56,"code":132307,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[61,132309,132310,132322],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132311,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132313,34645],{"class":74},[64,132315,92],{"class":91},[64,132317,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132319,4052],{"class":1422},[64,132321,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132323,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132325,212],{"class":211},[64,132327,144],{"class":95},[64,132329,34666],{"class":140},[64,132331,137],{"class":95},[64,132333,35803],{"class":140},[64,132335,144],{"class":95},[64,132337,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132339,543],{"class":1422},[64,132341,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132343,5328],{"class":95},[64,132345,27733],{"class":222},[14,132347,20931,132348,132350],{},[61,132349,18049],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132352,132353,132354,137],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[543,132355,132356,1248],{"href":124580},[61,132357,58538],{},[49,132359,1654,132360,40,132362],{"id":65356},[61,132361,36030],{},[61,132363,52620],{},[14,132365,1944,132366,40,132368,132370],{},[61,132367,36030],{},[61,132369,52620],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132372,132373],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132375,45998,132376,1117],{},[61,132377,36030],{},[54,132379,132381],{"className":56,"code":132380,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[61,132382,132383,132395,132399,132423,132451],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132384,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132386,34645],{"class":74},[64,132388,92],{"class":91},[64,132390,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132392,4052],{"class":1422},[64,132394,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132396,132397],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132398,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,132400,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,132402,212],{"class":211},[64,132404,144],{"class":95},[64,132406,34666],{"class":140},[64,132408,137],{"class":95},[64,132410,35803],{"class":140},[64,132412,144],{"class":95},[64,132414,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132416,543],{"class":1422},[64,132418,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132420,5328],{"class":95},[64,132422,51079],{"class":222},[64,132424,132425,132427,132429,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,132426,212],{"class":211},[64,132428,144],{"class":95},[64,132430,34666],{"class":140},[64,132432,137],{"class":95},[64,132434,35803],{"class":140},[64,132436,144],{"class":95},[64,132438,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132440,543],{"class":1422},[64,132442,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132444,103],{"class":95},[64,132446,106],{"class":99},[64,132448,5328],{"class":95},[64,132450,50928],{"class":222},[64,132452,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,132454,212],{"class":211},[64,132456,144],{"class":95},[64,132458,34666],{"class":140},[64,132460,137],{"class":95},[64,132462,35803],{"class":140},[64,132464,144],{"class":95},[64,132466,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132468,543],{"class":1422},[64,132470,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132472,103],{"class":95},[64,132474,120],{"class":99},[64,132476,5328],{"class":95},[64,132478,50712],{"class":222},[14,132480,19911],{},[21,132482,132483,132490,132496],{},[24,132484,132485,132486,65546,132488],{},"The first search finds the first ",[61,132487,18049],{},[61,132489,100],{},[24,132491,132492,132493,132495],{},"Starting at index ",[61,132494,2021],{}," skips that first match",[24,132497,132492,132498,132500,132501],{},[61,132499,772],{}," finds the last ",[61,132502,18049],{},[14,132504,45998,132505,1117],{},[61,132506,52620],{},[54,132508,132510],{"className":56,"code":132509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[61,132511,132512,132524,132528],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132513,132514,132516,132518,132520,132522],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132515,34645],{"class":74},[64,132517,92],{"class":91},[64,132519,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132521,4052],{"class":1422},[64,132523,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132525,132526],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132527,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,132529,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,132531,212],{"class":211},[64,132533,144],{"class":95},[64,132535,34666],{"class":140},[64,132537,137],{"class":95},[64,132539,35803],{"class":140},[64,132541,144],{"class":95},[64,132543,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132545,75979],{"class":1422},[64,132547,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132549,103],{"class":95},[64,132551,3797],{"class":99},[64,132553,103],{"class":95},[64,132555,120],{"class":99},[64,132557,5328],{"class":95},[64,132559,51374],{"class":222},[14,132561,132562],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132564,132565],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[49,132567,44170,132569,132571],{"id":132568},"when-index-causes-an-error",[61,132570,58916],{}," causes an error",[14,132573,132574,132575,52454,132577,137],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[61,132576,58916],{},[61,132578,40662],{},[14,132580,318],{},[54,132582,132584],{"className":56,"code":132583,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[61,132585,132586,132598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132587,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132589,34645],{"class":74},[64,132591,92],{"class":91},[64,132593,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132595,3809],{"class":1422},[64,132597,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132599,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132601,212],{"class":211},[64,132603,144],{"class":95},[64,132605,34666],{"class":140},[64,132607,137],{"class":95},[64,132609,35803],{"class":140},[64,132611,144],{"class":95},[64,132613,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132615,22030],{"class":1422},[64,132617,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132619,1737],{"class":95},[14,132621,2035],{},[54,132623,132625],{"className":56,"code":132624,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[61,132626,132627],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132628,132629,132631,132633,132636,132638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132630,40662],{"class":1778},[64,132632,1117],{"class":95},[64,132634,132635],{"class":74}," substring ",[64,132637,300],{"class":91},[64,132639,65779],{"class":74},[14,132641,53300,132642,126096,132647,132649],{},[543,132643,132644],{"href":129774},[61,132645,132646],{},"str.find()",[61,132648,65804],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132651,132652,132653,40,132655,1117],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[61,132654,29758],{},[61,132656,29789],{},[54,132658,132660],{"className":56,"code":132659,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[61,132661,132662,132674,132678,132684,132707,132717,132725],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132663,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132665,34645],{"class":74},[64,132667,92],{"class":91},[64,132669,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132671,3809],{"class":1422},[64,132673,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132675,132676],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132677,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,132679,132680,132682],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,132681,29758],{"class":70},[64,132683,6363],{"class":95},[64,132685,132686,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,132687,132688],{"class":74},"    position ",[64,132690,92],{"class":91},[64,132692,42801],{"class":74},[64,132694,137],{"class":95},[64,132696,35803],{"class":140},[64,132698,144],{"class":95},[64,132700,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132702,22030],{"class":1422},[64,132704,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132706,150],{"class":95},[64,132708,132709,132711,132713,132715],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,132710,8039],{"class":211},[64,132712,144],{"class":95},[64,132714,64896],{"class":140},[64,132716,150],{"class":95},[64,132718,132719,132721,132723],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,132720,29789],{"class":70},[64,132722,41885],{"class":1778},[64,132724,6363],{"class":95},[64,132726,132727,132729,132731,132733,132736,132738],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,132728,8039],{"class":211},[64,132730,144],{"class":95},[64,132732,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132734,132735],{"class":1422},"Substring not found",[64,132737,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132739,150],{"class":95},[14,132741,132742],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132744,41905,132745,137],{},[543,132746,25634,132748],{"href":132747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[61,132749,129101],{},[49,132751,132753,10557,132755],{"id":132752},"index-vs-find",[61,132754,58916],{},[61,132756,124125],{},[14,132758,132759,40,132761,132763],{},[61,132760,58916],{},[61,132762,124125],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[816,132765,132766],{"id":35803},[61,132767,58916],{},[21,132769,132770,132773],{},[24,132771,132772],{},"Returns the first match position",[24,132774,132775],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[54,132777,132779],{"className":56,"code":132778,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[61,132780,132781,132793,132817],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132782,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132784,34645],{"class":74},[64,132786,92],{"class":91},[64,132788,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132790,3809],{"class":1422},[64,132792,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132794,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813,132815],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132796,212],{"class":211},[64,132798,144],{"class":95},[64,132800,34666],{"class":140},[64,132802,137],{"class":95},[64,132804,35803],{"class":140},[64,132806,144],{"class":95},[64,132808,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132810,60396],{"class":1422},[64,132812,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132814,5328],{"class":95},[64,132816,27733],{"class":222},[64,132818,132819],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,132820,132821],{"class":222},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[816,132823,132824],{"id":128155},[61,132825,124125],{},[21,132827,132828,132830],{},[24,132829,132772],{},[24,132831,11397,132832,132834],{},[61,132833,65804],{}," if nothing is found",[54,132836,132838],{"className":56,"code":132837,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[61,132839,132840,132852,132876],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132841,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132843,34645],{"class":74},[64,132845,92],{"class":91},[64,132847,3315],{"class":1418},[64,132849,3809],{"class":1422},[64,132851,3321],{"class":1418},[64,132853,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132855,212],{"class":211},[64,132857,144],{"class":95},[64,132859,34666],{"class":140},[64,132861,137],{"class":95},[64,132863,128155],{"class":140},[64,132865,144],{"class":95},[64,132867,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132869,60396],{"class":1422},[64,132871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132873,5328],{"class":95},[64,132875,27733],{"class":222},[64,132877,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888,132890,132892,132894,132896,132898],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,132879,212],{"class":211},[64,132881,144],{"class":95},[64,132883,34666],{"class":140},[64,132885,137],{"class":95},[64,132887,128155],{"class":140},[64,132889,144],{"class":95},[64,132891,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132893,22030],{"class":1422},[64,132895,1419],{"class":1418},[64,132897,5328],{"class":95},[64,132899,128511],{"class":222},[14,132901,256,132902,132904],{},[61,132903,58916],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132906,256,132907,132909],{},[61,132908,124125],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132911,132912,132913,2839,132918,137],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[543,132914,132915,132917],{"href":129774},[61,132916,132646],{}," method reference",[543,132919,127166],{"href":132920},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[49,132922,1646],{"id":1645},[14,132924,132925,132926,1117],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[61,132927,58916],{},[21,132929,132930,132933,132940,132945,132950],{},[24,132931,132932],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[24,132934,8423,132935,8426,132937,132939],{},[61,132936,58916],{},[61,132938,65804],{}," when no match exists",[24,132941,1654,132942,132944],{},[61,132943,58916],{}," on a value that may not be present",[24,132946,132947,132948],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[61,132949,100],{},[24,132951,4544,132952,132954],{},[61,132953,58916],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132956,62244],{},[54,132958,132960],{"className":56,"code":132959,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[61,132961,132962,132972,132986,133008,133030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,132963,132964,132966,132968,132970],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132965,212],{"class":211},[64,132967,144],{"class":95},[64,132969,34666],{"class":140},[64,132971,150],{"class":95},[64,132973,132974,132976,132978,132980,132982,132984],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,132975,212],{"class":211},[64,132977,144],{"class":95},[64,132979,41738],{"class":211},[64,132981,144],{"class":95},[64,132983,34666],{"class":140},[64,132985,1737],{"class":95},[64,132987,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,132989,212],{"class":211},[64,132991,144],{"class":95},[64,132993,34666],{"class":140},[64,132995,137],{"class":95},[64,132997,35803],{"class":140},[64,132999,144],{"class":95},[64,133001,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133003,2436],{"class":1422},[64,133005,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133007,1737],{"class":95},[64,133009,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,133011,212],{"class":211},[64,133013,144],{"class":95},[64,133015,34666],{"class":140},[64,133017,137],{"class":95},[64,133019,128155],{"class":140},[64,133021,144],{"class":95},[64,133023,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133025,2436],{"class":1422},[64,133027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133029,1737],{"class":95},[64,133031,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,133033,212],{"class":211},[64,133035,144],{"class":95},[64,133037,34666],{"class":140},[64,133039,137],{"class":95},[64,133041,35803],{"class":140},[64,133043,144],{"class":95},[64,133045,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133047,2436],{"class":1422},[64,133049,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133051,103],{"class":95},[64,133053,36009],{"class":140},[64,133055,103],{"class":95},[64,133057,64990],{"class":140},[64,133059,1737],{"class":95},[14,133061,133062],{},"Tips:",[21,133064,133065,133070,133075,133078],{},[24,133066,256,133067,133069],{},[61,133068,126052],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[24,133071,256,133072,133074],{},[61,133073,124125],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[24,133076,133077],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[24,133079,133080,133081],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[61,133082,187],{},[49,133084,1826],{"id":1825},[816,133086,129634,133088,12682],{"id":133087},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[61,133089,58916],{},[14,133091,133092],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[816,133094,133096],{"id":133095},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133098,76807,133099,137],{},[61,133100,40662],{},[816,133102,5145,133104,40,133106,2456],{"id":133103},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[61,133105,58916],{},[61,133107,124125],{},[14,133109,133110,133112,133113,2361,133115,6598],{},[61,133111,58916],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[61,133114,124125],{},[61,133116,65804],{},[816,133118,5135,133120,133122],{"id":133119},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[61,133121,58916],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133124,133125],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[816,133127,133129,133130,124466],{"id":133128},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[61,133131,58916],{},[14,133133,129659],{},[49,133135,1865],{"id":1864},[21,133137,133138,133144,133148,133153,133159],{},[24,133139,133140],{},[543,133141,133142,1248],{"href":129774},[61,133143,132646],{},[24,133145,133146],{},[543,133147,124529],{"href":132920},[24,133149,133150],{},[543,133151,129735],{"href":133152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[24,133154,133155],{},[543,133156,133157,1248],{"href":124580},[61,133158,58538],{},[24,133160,133161],{},[543,133162,30302,133163],{"href":132747},[61,133164,129101],{},[1898,133166,133167],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":133169},[133170,133171,133173,133174,133175,133176,133178,133183,133184,133195],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":131806,"depth":78,"text":133172},"What str.index() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":37976,"depth":78,"text":37977},{"id":65356,"depth":78,"text":66139},{"id":132568,"depth":78,"text":133177},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132752,"depth":78,"text":133179,"children":133180},"index() vs find()",[133181,133182],{"id":35803,"depth":85,"text":58916},{"id":128155,"depth":85,"text":124125},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":133185},[133186,133188,133189,133191,133193],{"id":133087,"depth":85,"text":133187},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133095,"depth":85,"text":133096},{"id":133103,"depth":85,"text":133190},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133119,"depth":85,"text":133192},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133128,"depth":85,"text":133194},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131715,"description":133196},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133203,"title":133204,"body":133205,"description":135980,"extension":1927,"meta":135981,"navigation":81,"path":135982,"seo":135983,"stem":135984,"__hash__":135985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133206,"toc":135916},[133207,133213,133218,133221,133224,133235,133237,133306,133308,133322,133327,133332,133337,133339,133382,133384,133467,133469,133515,133521,133523,133525,133545,133547,133570,133572,133646,133648,133667,133672,133674,133678,133750,133752,133766,133770,133846,133848,133867,133871,133965,133967,133976,133983,134059,134061,134079,134083,134086,134093,134142,134144,134153,134160,134219,134221,134239,134242,134249,134308,134310,134328,134335,134392,134394,134403,134407,134412,134416,134475,134477,134495,134499,134546,134551,134554,134623,134625,134642,134649,134655,134710,134715,134718,134795,134797,134815,134821,134827,134887,134889,134908,134914,134917,134924,134977,134982,134984,135045,135054,135061,135063,135120,135125,135127,135198,135202,135257,135259,135268,135273,135279,135348,135350,135382,135388,135396,135403,135409,135474,135476,135485,135491,135572,135574,135583,135588,135602,135609,135613,135618,135646,135648,135781,135784,135821,135823,135829,135838,135843,135846,135851,135856,135862,135865,135874,135877,135879,135908,135913],[10,133208,123130,133210,11295],{"id":133209},"python-string-join-method",[61,133211,133212],{},"join()",[14,133214,123135,133215,133217],{},[61,133216,133212],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133219,133220],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133222,133223],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[21,133225,133226,133232],{},[24,133227,133228,133229,133231],{},"You call ",[61,133230,133212],{}," on the separator string",[24,133233,133234],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[49,133236,3572],{"id":3571},[54,133238,133240],{"className":56,"code":133239,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[61,133241,133242,133275,133296],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133243,133244,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133271,133273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133245,4034],{"class":74},[64,133247,92],{"class":91},[64,133249,112],{"class":95},[64,133251,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133253,7265],{"class":1422},[64,133255,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133257,103],{"class":95},[64,133259,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133261,877],{"class":1422},[64,133263,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133265,103],{"class":95},[64,133267,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133269,133270],{"class":1422},"fun",[64,133272,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133274,746],{"class":95},[64,133276,133277,133279,133281,133283,133285,133287,133290,133292,133294],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,133278,2194],{"class":74},[64,133280,92],{"class":91},[64,133282,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133284,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133286,137],{"class":95},[64,133288,133289],{"class":140},"join",[64,133291,144],{"class":95},[64,133293,4078],{"class":140},[64,133295,150],{"class":95},[64,133297,133298,133300,133302,133304],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,133299,212],{"class":211},[64,133301,144],{"class":95},[64,133303,2229],{"class":140},[64,133305,150],{"class":95},[14,133307,2035],{},[54,133309,133311],{"className":56,"code":133310,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python is fun\n",[61,133312,133313],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133314,133315,133317,133319],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133316,1877],{"class":74},[64,133318,877],{"class":91},[64,133320,133321],{"class":74}," fun\n",[14,133323,256,133324,133326],{},[61,133325,133212],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[49,133328,3639,133330,3642],{"id":133329},"what-join-does",[61,133331,133212],{},[14,133333,133334,133336],{},[61,133335,133212],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133338,11432],{},[21,133340,133341,133348,133376,133379],{},[24,133342,133343,133344,133347],{},"It uses the string before ",[61,133345,133346],{},".join()"," as the separator",[24,133349,133350,133351],{},"Common separators are:\n",[21,133352,133353,133359,133365,133371],{},[24,133354,133355,133358],{},[61,133356,133357],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[24,133360,133361,133364],{},[61,133362,133363],{},"\", \""," for commas",[24,133366,133367,133370],{},[61,133368,133369],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[24,133372,133373,133375],{},[61,133374,6241],{}," for no separator",[24,133377,133378],{},"It returns a new string",[24,133380,133381],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133383,318],{},[54,133385,133387],{"className":56,"code":133386,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[61,133388,133389,133421,133443,133447,133457],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133390,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133392,4034],{"class":74},[64,133394,92],{"class":91},[64,133396,112],{"class":95},[64,133398,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133400,13058],{"class":1422},[64,133402,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133404,103],{"class":95},[64,133406,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133408,17409],{"class":1422},[64,133410,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133412,103],{"class":95},[64,133414,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133416,13075],{"class":1422},[64,133418,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133420,746],{"class":95},[64,133422,133423,133425,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,133424,2194],{"class":74},[64,133426,92],{"class":91},[64,133428,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133430,2153],{"class":1422},[64,133432,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133434,137],{"class":95},[64,133436,133289],{"class":140},[64,133438,144],{"class":95},[64,133440,4078],{"class":140},[64,133442,150],{"class":95},[64,133444,133445],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,133446,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,133448,133449,133451,133453,133455],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,133450,212],{"class":211},[64,133452,144],{"class":95},[64,133454,2229],{"class":140},[64,133456,150],{"class":95},[64,133458,133459,133461,133463,133465],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,133460,212],{"class":211},[64,133462,144],{"class":95},[64,133464,4078],{"class":140},[64,133466,150],{"class":95},[14,133468,2035],{},[54,133470,133472],{"className":56,"code":133471,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[61,133473,133474,133487],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133475,133476,133478,133480,133483,133485],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133477,13058],{"class":74},[64,133479,103],{"class":95},[64,133481,133482],{"class":74}," green",[64,133484,103],{"class":95},[64,133486,35838],{"class":74},[64,133488,133489,133491,133493,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,133490,184],{"class":95},[64,133492,3261],{"class":1418},[64,133494,13058],{"class":1422},[64,133496,3261],{"class":1418},[64,133498,103],{"class":95},[64,133500,3256],{"class":1418},[64,133502,17409],{"class":1422},[64,133504,3261],{"class":1418},[64,133506,103],{"class":95},[64,133508,3256],{"class":1418},[64,133510,13075],{"class":1422},[64,133512,3261],{"class":1418},[64,133514,746],{"class":95},[14,133516,133517,133518,133520],{},"The list stays the same. ",[61,133519,133212],{}," creates a new string.",[49,133522,2120],{"id":2119},[14,133524,7186],{},[54,133526,133528],{"className":56,"code":133527,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[61,133529,133530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133531,133532,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133533,133534],{"class":74},"separator",[64,133536,137],{"class":95},[64,133538,133289],{"class":140},[64,133540,144],{"class":95},[64,133542,3683],{"class":140},[64,133544,150],{"class":95},[816,133546,48968],{"id":48967},[21,133548,133549,133562,133567],{},[24,133550,133551,133553,133554,2153,133556,2153,133558,2157,133560],{},[61,133552,133534],{}," is a string such as ",[61,133555,133357],{},[61,133557,133363],{},[61,133559,133369],{},[61,133561,6241],{},[24,133563,133564,133566],{},[61,133565,3683],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[24,133568,133569],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133571,318],{},[54,133573,133575],{"className":56,"code":133574,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,133576,133577,133609,133632,133636],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133578,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133580,4959],{"class":74},[64,133582,92],{"class":91},[64,133584,112],{"class":95},[64,133586,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133588,12846],{"class":1422},[64,133590,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133592,103],{"class":95},[64,133594,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133596,35898],{"class":1422},[64,133598,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133600,103],{"class":95},[64,133602,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133604,35907],{"class":1422},[64,133606,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133608,746],{"class":95},[64,133610,133611,133613,133615,133617,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,133612,2194],{"class":74},[64,133614,92],{"class":91},[64,133616,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133618,133619],{"class":1422}," | ",[64,133621,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133623,137],{"class":95},[64,133625,133289],{"class":140},[64,133627,144],{"class":95},[64,133629,5003],{"class":140},[64,133631,150],{"class":95},[64,133633,133634],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,133635,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,133637,133638,133640,133642,133644],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,133639,212],{"class":211},[64,133641,144],{"class":95},[64,133643,2229],{"class":140},[64,133645,150],{"class":95},[14,133647,2035],{},[54,133649,133651],{"className":56,"code":133650,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[61,133652,133653],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133654,133655,133658,133660,133663,133665],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133656,133657],{"class":74},"Ana ",[64,133659,113809],{"class":91},[64,133661,133662],{"class":74}," Ben ",[64,133664,113809],{"class":91},[64,133666,35979],{"class":74},[14,133668,133669,133670,137],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[543,133671,124885],{"href":50934},[49,133673,121661],{"id":121660},[816,133675,133677],{"id":133676},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[54,133679,133681],{"className":56,"code":133680,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,133682,133683,133716,133736,133740],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133684,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133712,133714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133686,4034],{"class":74},[64,133688,92],{"class":91},[64,133690,112],{"class":95},[64,133692,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133694,7265],{"class":1422},[64,133696,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133698,103],{"class":95},[64,133700,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133702,877],{"class":1422},[64,133704,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133706,103],{"class":95},[64,133708,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133710,133711],{"class":1422},"easy",[64,133713,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133715,746],{"class":95},[64,133717,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,133719,2194],{"class":74},[64,133721,92],{"class":91},[64,133723,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133725,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133727,137],{"class":95},[64,133729,133289],{"class":140},[64,133731,144],{"class":95},[64,133733,4078],{"class":140},[64,133735,150],{"class":95},[64,133737,133738],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,133739,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,133741,133742,133744,133746,133748],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,133743,212],{"class":211},[64,133745,144],{"class":95},[64,133747,2229],{"class":140},[64,133749,150],{"class":95},[14,133751,2035],{},[54,133753,133755],{"className":56,"code":133754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python is easy\n",[61,133756,133757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133758,133759,133761,133763],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133760,1877],{"class":74},[64,133762,877],{"class":91},[64,133764,133765],{"class":74}," easy\n",[816,133767,133769],{"id":133768},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[54,133771,133773],{"className":56,"code":133772,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,133774,133775,133810,133832,133836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133776,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133788,133790,133792,133794,133797,133799,133801,133803,133806,133808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133778,7749],{"class":74},[64,133780,92],{"class":91},[64,133782,112],{"class":95},[64,133784,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133786,133787],{"class":1422},"apples",[64,133789,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133791,103],{"class":95},[64,133793,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133795,133796],{"class":1422},"bananas",[64,133798,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133800,103],{"class":95},[64,133802,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133804,133805],{"class":1422},"oranges",[64,133807,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133809,746],{"class":95},[64,133811,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133828,133830],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,133813,2194],{"class":74},[64,133815,92],{"class":91},[64,133817,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133819,2153],{"class":1422},[64,133821,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133823,137],{"class":95},[64,133825,133289],{"class":140},[64,133827,144],{"class":95},[64,133829,7779],{"class":140},[64,133831,150],{"class":95},[64,133833,133834],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,133835,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,133837,133838,133840,133842,133844],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,133839,212],{"class":211},[64,133841,144],{"class":95},[64,133843,2229],{"class":140},[64,133845,150],{"class":95},[14,133847,2035],{},[54,133849,133851],{"className":56,"code":133850,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[61,133852,133853],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133854,133855,133857,133859,133862,133864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133856,133787],{"class":74},[64,133858,103],{"class":95},[64,133860,133861],{"class":74}," bananas",[64,133863,103],{"class":95},[64,133865,133866],{"class":74}," oranges\n",[816,133868,133870],{"id":133869},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[54,133872,133874],{"className":56,"code":133873,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,133875,133876,133933,133951,133955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133877,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133889,133891,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133879,36048],{"class":74},[64,133881,92],{"class":91},[64,133883,112],{"class":95},[64,133885,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133887,133888],{"class":1422},"P",[64,133890,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133892,103],{"class":95},[64,133894,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133896,11719],{"class":1422},[64,133898,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133900,103],{"class":95},[64,133902,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133904,63236],{"class":1422},[64,133906,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133908,103],{"class":95},[64,133910,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133912,60387],{"class":1422},[64,133914,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133916,103],{"class":95},[64,133918,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133920,60422],{"class":1422},[64,133922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133924,103],{"class":95},[64,133926,3315],{"class":1418},[64,133928,75979],{"class":1422},[64,133930,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133932,746],{"class":95},[64,133934,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,133936,2194],{"class":74},[64,133938,92],{"class":91},[64,133940,6095],{"class":1418},[64,133942,137],{"class":95},[64,133944,133289],{"class":140},[64,133946,144],{"class":95},[64,133948,36101],{"class":140},[64,133950,150],{"class":95},[64,133952,133953],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,133954,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,133956,133957,133959,133961,133963],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,133958,212],{"class":211},[64,133960,144],{"class":95},[64,133962,2229],{"class":140},[64,133964,150],{"class":95},[14,133966,2035],{},[54,133968,133970],{"className":56,"code":133969,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python\n",[61,133971,133972],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133973,133974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133975,133969],{"class":74},[816,133977,133979,133980,133982],{"id":133978},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[61,133981,133212],{}," returns the result",[54,133984,133986],{"className":56,"code":133985,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[61,133987,133988,134021,134044,134048],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,133989,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014,134017,134019],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133991,4034],{"class":74},[64,133993,92],{"class":91},[64,133995,112],{"class":95},[64,133997,1419],{"class":1418},[64,133999,6552],{"class":1422},[64,134001,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134003,103],{"class":95},[64,134005,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134007,79220],{"class":1422},[64,134009,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134011,103],{"class":95},[64,134013,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134015,134016],{"class":1422},"three",[64,134018,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134020,746],{"class":95},[64,134022,134023,134026,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134024,134025],{"class":74},"joined_text ",[64,134027,92],{"class":91},[64,134029,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134031,1986],{"class":1422},[64,134033,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134035,137],{"class":95},[64,134037,133289],{"class":140},[64,134039,144],{"class":95},[64,134041,4078],{"class":140},[64,134043,150],{"class":95},[64,134045,134046],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,134047,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,134049,134050,134052,134054,134057],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,134051,212],{"class":211},[64,134053,144],{"class":95},[64,134055,134056],{"class":140},"joined_text",[64,134058,150],{"class":95},[14,134060,2035],{},[54,134062,134064],{"className":56,"code":134063,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"one-two-three\n",[61,134065,134066],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134067,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134069,6552],{"class":74},[64,134071,1986],{"class":91},[64,134073,79220],{"class":74},[64,134075,1986],{"class":91},[64,134077,134078],{"class":74},"three\n",[49,134080,134082],{"id":134081},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134084,134085],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[816,134087,134089,134092],{"id":134088},"join-adds-spaces",[61,134090,134091],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[54,134094,134096],{"className":56,"code":134095,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[61,134097,134098,134122],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134099,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134101,4034],{"class":74},[64,134103,92],{"class":91},[64,134105,112],{"class":95},[64,134107,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134109,3809],{"class":1422},[64,134111,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134113,103],{"class":95},[64,134115,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134117,60540],{"class":1422},[64,134119,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134121,746],{"class":95},[64,134123,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134125,212],{"class":211},[64,134127,144],{"class":95},[64,134129,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134131,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134133,137],{"class":95},[64,134135,133289],{"class":140},[64,134137,144],{"class":95},[64,134139,4078],{"class":140},[64,134141,1737],{"class":95},[14,134143,2035],{},[54,134145,134147],{"className":56,"code":134146,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\n",[61,134148,134149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134150,134151],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134152,134146],{"class":74},[816,134154,134156,134159],{"id":134155},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[61,134157,134158],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[54,134161,134163],{"className":56,"code":134162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[61,134164,134165,134197],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134166,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134168,13041],{"class":74},[64,134170,92],{"class":91},[64,134172,112],{"class":95},[64,134174,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134176,13058],{"class":1422},[64,134178,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134180,103],{"class":95},[64,134182,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134184,13075],{"class":1422},[64,134186,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134188,103],{"class":95},[64,134190,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134192,17409],{"class":1422},[64,134194,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134196,746],{"class":95},[64,134198,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134200,212],{"class":211},[64,134202,144],{"class":95},[64,134204,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134206,2153],{"class":1422},[64,134208,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134210,137],{"class":95},[64,134212,133289],{"class":140},[64,134214,144],{"class":95},[64,134216,17456],{"class":140},[64,134218,1737],{"class":95},[14,134220,2035],{},[54,134222,134224],{"className":56,"code":134223,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red, blue, green\n",[61,134225,134226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134227,134228,134230,134232,134235,134237],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134229,13058],{"class":74},[64,134231,103],{"class":95},[64,134233,134234],{"class":74}," blue",[64,134236,103],{"class":95},[64,134238,35831],{"class":74},[14,134240,134241],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[816,134243,134245,134248],{"id":134244},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[61,134246,134247],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[54,134250,134252],{"className":56,"code":134251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[61,134253,134254,134286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134255,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134257,42796],{"class":74},[64,134259,92],{"class":91},[64,134261,112],{"class":95},[64,134263,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134265,58],{"class":1422},[64,134267,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134269,103],{"class":95},[64,134271,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134273,61123],{"class":1422},[64,134275,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134277,103],{"class":95},[64,134279,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134281,133289],{"class":1422},[64,134283,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134285,746],{"class":95},[64,134287,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134289,212],{"class":211},[64,134291,144],{"class":95},[64,134293,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134295,1986],{"class":1422},[64,134297,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134299,137],{"class":95},[64,134301,133289],{"class":140},[64,134303,144],{"class":95},[64,134305,42828],{"class":140},[64,134307,1737],{"class":95},[14,134309,2035],{},[54,134311,134313],{"className":56,"code":134312,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"python-string-join\n",[61,134314,134315],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134316,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134318,58],{"class":74},[64,134320,1986],{"class":91},[64,134322,61123],{"class":74},[64,134324,1986],{"class":91},[64,134326,134327],{"class":74},"join\n",[816,134329,134331,134334],{"id":134330},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[61,134332,134333],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[54,134336,134338],{"className":56,"code":134337,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[61,134339,134340,134373],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134341,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134369,134371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134343,112881],{"class":74},[64,134345,92],{"class":91},[64,134347,112],{"class":95},[64,134349,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134351,22198],{"class":1422},[64,134353,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134355,103],{"class":95},[64,134357,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134359,30555],{"class":1422},[64,134361,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134363,103],{"class":95},[64,134365,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134367,134368],{"class":1422},"C",[64,134370,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134372,746],{"class":95},[64,134374,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134390],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134376,212],{"class":211},[64,134378,144],{"class":95},[64,134380,6241],{"class":1418},[64,134382,137],{"class":95},[64,134384,133289],{"class":140},[64,134386,144],{"class":95},[64,134388,134389],{"class":140},"chars",[64,134391,1737],{"class":95},[14,134393,2035],{},[54,134395,134397],{"className":56,"code":134396,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ABC\n",[61,134398,134399],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134400,134401],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134402,134396],{"class":34410},[49,134404,134406],{"id":134405},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134408,134409,134411],{},[61,134410,133212],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[816,134413,134415],{"id":134414},"this-works","This works",[54,134417,134419],{"className":56,"code":134418,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[61,134420,134421,134453],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134422,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134424,3786],{"class":74},[64,134426,92],{"class":91},[64,134428,112],{"class":95},[64,134430,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134432,1432],{"class":1422},[64,134434,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134436,103],{"class":95},[64,134438,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134440,15707],{"class":1422},[64,134442,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134444,103],{"class":95},[64,134446,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134448,1497],{"class":1422},[64,134450,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134452,746],{"class":95},[64,134454,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134456,212],{"class":211},[64,134458,144],{"class":95},[64,134460,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134462,2153],{"class":1422},[64,134464,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134466,137],{"class":95},[64,134468,133289],{"class":140},[64,134470,144],{"class":95},[64,134472,5325],{"class":140},[64,134474,1737],{"class":95},[14,134476,2035],{},[54,134478,134480],{"className":56,"code":134479,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10, 20, 30\n",[61,134481,134482],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134483,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134485,1432],{"class":99},[64,134487,103],{"class":95},[64,134489,1437],{"class":99},[64,134491,103],{"class":95},[64,134493,134494],{"class":99}," 30\n",[816,134496,134498],{"id":134497},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[54,134500,134502],{"className":56,"code":134501,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[61,134503,134504,134524],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134505,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134507,3786],{"class":74},[64,134509,92],{"class":91},[64,134511,112],{"class":95},[64,134513,100],{"class":99},[64,134515,103],{"class":95},[64,134517,106],{"class":99},[64,134519,103],{"class":95},[64,134521,743],{"class":99},[64,134523,746],{"class":95},[64,134525,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134527,212],{"class":211},[64,134529,144],{"class":95},[64,134531,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134533,2153],{"class":1422},[64,134535,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134537,137],{"class":95},[64,134539,133289],{"class":140},[64,134541,144],{"class":95},[64,134543,5325],{"class":140},[64,134545,1737],{"class":95},[14,134547,90260,134548,134550],{},[61,134549,2964],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134552,134553],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[54,134555,134557],{"className":56,"code":134556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,134558,134559,134579,134609,134613],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134560,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134562,3786],{"class":74},[64,134564,92],{"class":91},[64,134566,112],{"class":95},[64,134568,100],{"class":99},[64,134570,103],{"class":95},[64,134572,106],{"class":99},[64,134574,103],{"class":95},[64,134576,743],{"class":99},[64,134578,746],{"class":95},[64,134580,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134582,2194],{"class":74},[64,134584,92],{"class":91},[64,134586,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134588,2153],{"class":1422},[64,134590,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134592,137],{"class":95},[64,134594,133289],{"class":140},[64,134596,144],{"class":95},[64,134598,39817],{"class":211},[64,134600,144],{"class":95},[64,134602,3406],{"class":1778},[64,134604,103],{"class":95},[64,134606,3850],{"class":140},[64,134608,1737],{"class":95},[64,134610,134611],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,134612,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,134614,134615,134617,134619,134621],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,134616,212],{"class":211},[64,134618,144],{"class":95},[64,134620,2229],{"class":140},[64,134622,150],{"class":95},[14,134624,2035],{},[54,134626,134628],{"className":56,"code":134627,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"1, 2, 3\n",[61,134629,134630],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134631,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134633,100],{"class":99},[64,134635,103],{"class":95},[64,134637,106],{"class":99},[64,134639,103],{"class":95},[64,134641,2540],{"class":99},[14,134643,134644,134645,137],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[543,134646,1877,134647,3472],{"href":42134},[61,134648,47641],{},[816,134650,134652,134654],{"id":134651},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[61,134653,3741],{}," values do not work directly",[54,134656,134658],{"className":56,"code":134657,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[61,134659,134660,134688],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134661,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134663,3786],{"class":74},[64,134665,92],{"class":91},[64,134667,112],{"class":95},[64,134669,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134671,4043],{"class":1422},[64,134673,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134675,103],{"class":95},[64,134677,3817],{"class":3816},[64,134679,103],{"class":95},[64,134681,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134683,4052],{"class":1422},[64,134685,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134687,746],{"class":95},[64,134689,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134691,212],{"class":211},[64,134693,144],{"class":95},[64,134695,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134697,2153],{"class":1422},[64,134699,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134701,137],{"class":95},[64,134703,133289],{"class":140},[64,134705,144],{"class":95},[64,134707,5325],{"class":140},[64,134709,1737],{"class":95},[14,134711,134712,134713,137],{},"This also causes a ",[61,134714,2964],{},[14,134716,134717],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[54,134719,134721],{"className":56,"code":134720,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,134722,134723,134751,134781,134785],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134724,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134726,3786],{"class":74},[64,134728,92],{"class":91},[64,134730,112],{"class":95},[64,134732,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134734,4043],{"class":1422},[64,134736,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134738,103],{"class":95},[64,134740,3817],{"class":3816},[64,134742,103],{"class":95},[64,134744,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134746,4052],{"class":1422},[64,134748,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134750,746],{"class":95},[64,134752,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134754,2194],{"class":74},[64,134756,92],{"class":91},[64,134758,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134760,2153],{"class":1422},[64,134762,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134764,137],{"class":95},[64,134766,133289],{"class":140},[64,134768,144],{"class":95},[64,134770,39817],{"class":211},[64,134772,144],{"class":95},[64,134774,3406],{"class":1778},[64,134776,103],{"class":95},[64,134778,3850],{"class":140},[64,134780,1737],{"class":95},[64,134782,134783],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,134784,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,134786,134787,134789,134791,134793],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,134788,212],{"class":211},[64,134790,144],{"class":95},[64,134792,2229],{"class":140},[64,134794,150],{"class":95},[14,134796,2035],{},[54,134798,134800],{"className":56,"code":134799,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"apple, None, banana\n",[61,134801,134802],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134803,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134805,4043],{"class":74},[64,134807,103],{"class":95},[64,134809,3817],{"class":3816},[64,134811,103],{"class":95},[64,134813,134814],{"class":74}," banana\n",[14,134816,134817,134818,134820],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[61,134819,3741],{}," values instead of converting them.",[816,134822,134824,134826],{"id":134823},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[61,134825,133212],{}," also works with tuples",[54,134828,134830],{"className":56,"code":134829,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[61,134831,134832,134864],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134833,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134835,4959],{"class":74},[64,134837,92],{"class":91},[64,134839,9207],{"class":95},[64,134841,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134843,7646],{"class":1422},[64,134845,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134847,103],{"class":95},[64,134849,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134851,131218],{"class":1422},[64,134853,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134855,103],{"class":95},[64,134857,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134859,7891],{"class":1422},[64,134861,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134863,150],{"class":95},[64,134865,134866,134868,134870,134872,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134867,212],{"class":211},[64,134869,144],{"class":95},[64,134871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134873,134874],{"class":1422}," \u002F ",[64,134876,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134878,137],{"class":95},[64,134880,133289],{"class":140},[64,134882,144],{"class":95},[64,134884,5003],{"class":140},[64,134886,1737],{"class":95},[14,134888,2035],{},[54,134890,134892],{"className":56,"code":134891,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[61,134893,134894],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134895,134896,134899,134901,134904,134906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134897,134898],{"class":74},"Sam ",[64,134900,127022],{"class":91},[64,134902,134903],{"class":74}," Lee ",[64,134905,127022],{"class":91},[64,134907,22287],{"class":74},[49,134909,134911,134912],{"id":134910},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[61,134913,133212],{},[14,134915,134916],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[816,134918,134920,134921,134923],{"id":134919},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[61,134922,2964],{}," because not all items are strings",[54,134925,134927],{"className":56,"code":134926,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[61,134928,134929,134957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134930,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134932,7749],{"class":74},[64,134934,92],{"class":91},[64,134936,112],{"class":95},[64,134938,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134940,543],{"class":1422},[64,134942,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134944,103],{"class":95},[64,134946,106],{"class":99},[64,134948,103],{"class":95},[64,134950,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134952,9711],{"class":1422},[64,134954,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134956,746],{"class":95},[64,134958,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,134960,212],{"class":211},[64,134962,144],{"class":95},[64,134964,1419],{"class":1418},[64,134966,3315],{"class":1418},[64,134968,137],{"class":95},[64,134970,133289],{"class":140},[64,134972,144],{"class":95},[64,134974,7779],{"class":140},[64,134976,1737],{"class":95},[14,134978,48468,134979,134981],{},[61,134980,2021],{}," is an integer.",[14,134983,39219],{},[54,134985,134987],{"className":56,"code":134986,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[61,134988,134989,135017],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,134990,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134992,7749],{"class":74},[64,134994,92],{"class":91},[64,134996,112],{"class":95},[64,134998,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135000,543],{"class":1422},[64,135002,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135004,103],{"class":95},[64,135006,106],{"class":99},[64,135008,103],{"class":95},[64,135010,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135012,9711],{"class":1422},[64,135014,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135016,746],{"class":95},[64,135018,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135020,212],{"class":211},[64,135022,144],{"class":95},[64,135024,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135026,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135028,137],{"class":95},[64,135030,133289],{"class":140},[64,135032,144],{"class":95},[64,135034,39817],{"class":211},[64,135036,144],{"class":95},[64,135038,3406],{"class":1778},[64,135040,103],{"class":95},[64,135042,5934],{"class":140},[64,135044,2873],{"class":95},[14,135046,135047,135048,137],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[543,135049,25634,135051],{"href":135050},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[61,135052,135053],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[816,135055,135057,135058,135060],{"id":135056},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[61,135059,133212],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135062,4490],{},[54,135064,135066],{"className":56,"code":135065,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[61,135067,135068,135100],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135069,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135071,4034],{"class":74},[64,135073,92],{"class":91},[64,135075,112],{"class":95},[64,135077,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135079,7265],{"class":1422},[64,135081,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135083,103],{"class":95},[64,135085,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135087,877],{"class":1422},[64,135089,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135091,103],{"class":95},[64,135093,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135095,133270],{"class":1422},[64,135097,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135099,746],{"class":95},[64,135101,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135103,2194],{"class":74},[64,135105,92],{"class":91},[64,135107,6137],{"class":74},[64,135109,137],{"class":95},[64,135111,133289],{"class":140},[64,135113,144],{"class":95},[64,135115,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135117,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135119,150],{"class":95},[14,135121,135122,135124],{},[61,135123,133212],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135126,10779],{},[54,135128,135130],{"className":56,"code":135129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,135131,135132,135164,135184,135188],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135133,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135135,4034],{"class":74},[64,135137,92],{"class":91},[64,135139,112],{"class":95},[64,135141,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135143,7265],{"class":1422},[64,135145,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135147,103],{"class":95},[64,135149,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135151,877],{"class":1422},[64,135153,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135155,103],{"class":95},[64,135157,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135159,133270],{"class":1422},[64,135161,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135163,746],{"class":95},[64,135165,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135167,2194],{"class":74},[64,135169,92],{"class":91},[64,135171,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135173,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135175,137],{"class":95},[64,135177,133289],{"class":140},[64,135179,144],{"class":95},[64,135181,4078],{"class":140},[64,135183,150],{"class":95},[64,135185,135186],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,135187,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,135189,135190,135192,135194,135196],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,135191,212],{"class":211},[64,135193,144],{"class":95},[64,135195,2229],{"class":140},[64,135197,150],{"class":95},[816,135199,135201],{"id":135200},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[54,135203,135205],{"className":56,"code":135204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[61,135206,135207,135239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135208,135209,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135210,4034],{"class":74},[64,135212,92],{"class":91},[64,135214,112],{"class":95},[64,135216,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135218,6552],{"class":1422},[64,135220,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135222,103],{"class":95},[64,135224,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135226,79220],{"class":1422},[64,135228,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135230,103],{"class":95},[64,135232,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135234,134016],{"class":1422},[64,135236,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135238,746],{"class":95},[64,135240,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135242,212],{"class":211},[64,135244,144],{"class":95},[64,135246,6241],{"class":1418},[64,135248,137],{"class":95},[64,135250,133289],{"class":140},[64,135252,144],{"class":95},[64,135254,4078],{"class":140},[64,135256,1737],{"class":95},[14,135258,2035],{},[54,135260,135262],{"className":56,"code":135261,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"onetwothree\n",[61,135263,135264],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135265,135266],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135267,135261],{"class":74},[14,135269,135270,135271,6598],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[61,135272,133357],{},[816,135274,135276,135277,131480],{"id":135275},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[61,135278,133212],{},[54,135280,135282],{"className":56,"code":135281,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[61,135283,135284,135316,135334,135338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135285,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135287,4034],{"class":74},[64,135289,92],{"class":91},[64,135291,112],{"class":95},[64,135293,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135295,543],{"class":1422},[64,135297,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135299,103],{"class":95},[64,135301,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135303,1235],{"class":1422},[64,135305,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135307,103],{"class":95},[64,135309,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135311,9711],{"class":1422},[64,135313,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135315,746],{"class":95},[64,135317,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135319,1419],{"class":43288},[64,135321,1986],{"class":43292},[64,135323,1419],{"class":43288},[64,135325,137],{"class":95},[64,135327,133289],{"class":140},[64,135329,144],{"class":95},[64,135331,4078],{"class":140},[64,135333,150],{"class":95},[64,135335,135336],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,135337,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,135339,135340,135342,135344,135346],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,135341,212],{"class":211},[64,135343,144],{"class":95},[64,135345,4078],{"class":140},[64,135347,150],{"class":95},[14,135349,2035],{},[54,135351,135352],{"className":56,"code":42835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,135353,135354],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135355,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135357,184],{"class":95},[64,135359,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135361,543],{"class":1422},[64,135363,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135365,103],{"class":95},[64,135367,3256],{"class":1418},[64,135369,1235],{"class":1422},[64,135371,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135373,103],{"class":95},[64,135375,3256],{"class":1418},[64,135377,9711],{"class":1422},[64,135379,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135381,746],{"class":95},[14,135383,135384,135385,135387],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[61,135386,133212],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[49,135389,135391,135393,135394],{"id":135390},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[61,135392,133212],{}," vs concatenation with ",[61,135395,2024],{},[14,135397,10562,135398,40,135400,135402],{},[61,135399,133212],{},[61,135401,2024],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[816,135404,256,135406,135408],{"id":135405},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[61,135407,2024],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[54,135410,135412],{"className":56,"code":135411,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,135413,135414,135427,135440,135460,135464],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135415,135416,135419,135421,135423,135425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135417,135418],{"class":74},"first ",[64,135420,92],{"class":91},[64,135422,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135424,34825],{"class":1422},[64,135426,3321],{"class":1418},[64,135428,135429,135432,135434,135436,135438],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135430,135431],{"class":74},"second ",[64,135433,92],{"class":91},[64,135435,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135437,89689],{"class":1422},[64,135439,3321],{"class":1418},[64,135441,135442,135444,135446,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,135443,2194],{"class":74},[64,135445,92],{"class":91},[64,135447,135448],{"class":74}," first ",[64,135450,2024],{"class":91},[64,135452,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135454,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135456,2418],{"class":91},[64,135458,135459],{"class":74}," second\n",[64,135461,135462],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,135463,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,135465,135466,135468,135470,135472],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,135467,212],{"class":211},[64,135469,144],{"class":95},[64,135471,2229],{"class":140},[64,135473,150],{"class":95},[14,135475,2035],{},[54,135477,135479],{"className":56,"code":135478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Hello World\n",[61,135480,135481],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135482,135483],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135484,135478],{"class":74},[816,135486,256,135488,135490],{"id":135487},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[61,135489,133212],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[54,135492,135494],{"className":56,"code":135493,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,135495,135496,135538,135558,135562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135497,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135517,135519,135521,135523,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135499,4034],{"class":74},[64,135501,92],{"class":91},[64,135503,112],{"class":95},[64,135505,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135507,7265],{"class":1422},[64,135509,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135511,103],{"class":95},[64,135513,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135515,135516],{"class":1422},"makes",[64,135518,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135520,103],{"class":95},[64,135522,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135524,135525],{"class":1422},"this",[64,135527,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135529,103],{"class":95},[64,135531,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135533,133711],{"class":1422},[64,135535,1419],{"class":1418},[64,135537,746],{"class":95},[64,135539,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135541,2194],{"class":74},[64,135543,92],{"class":91},[64,135545,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135547,3315],{"class":1418},[64,135549,137],{"class":95},[64,135551,133289],{"class":140},[64,135553,144],{"class":95},[64,135555,4078],{"class":140},[64,135557,150],{"class":95},[64,135559,135560],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,135561,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,135563,135564,135566,135568,135570],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,135565,212],{"class":211},[64,135567,144],{"class":95},[64,135569,2229],{"class":140},[64,135571,150],{"class":95},[14,135573,2035],{},[54,135575,135577],{"className":56,"code":135576,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Python makes this easy\n",[61,135578,135579],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135580,135581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135582,135576],{"class":74},[14,135584,135585,135587],{},[61,135586,133212],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[21,135589,135590,135593,135596],{},[24,135591,135592],{},"You already have a list of strings",[24,135594,135595],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[24,135597,135598,135599,135601],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[61,135600,2024],{}," operators",[14,135603,135604,135605,137],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[543,135606,135608],{"href":135607},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[49,135610,135612],{"id":135611},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135614,8846,135615,135617],{},[61,135616,133212],{}," is not working, check these first:",[21,135619,135620,135623,135628,135637,135643],{},[24,135621,135622],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[24,135624,135625,135626],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[61,135627,3741],{},[24,135629,135630,135631,11064,135634],{},"You may have written ",[61,135632,135633],{},"list.join(...)",[61,135635,135636],{},"string.join(...)",[24,135638,135639,135640,135642],{},"You may be expecting ",[61,135641,133212],{}," to change the original iterable",[24,135644,135645],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135647,94328],{},[54,135649,135651],{"className":56,"code":135650,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[61,135652,135653,135667,135677,135701,135741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,135654,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135656,212],{"class":211},[64,135658,144],{"class":95},[64,135660,1779],{"class":1778},[64,135662,144],{"class":95},[64,135664,7779],{"class":140},[64,135666,1737],{"class":95},[64,135668,135669,135671,135673,135675],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,135670,212],{"class":211},[64,135672,144],{"class":95},[64,135674,7779],{"class":140},[64,135676,150],{"class":95},[64,135678,135679,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,135680,212],{"class":211},[64,135682,382],{"class":95},[64,135684,1779],{"class":1778},[64,135686,144],{"class":95},[64,135688,23264],{"class":140},[64,135690,219],{"class":95},[64,135692,3841],{"class":70},[64,135694,5929],{"class":140},[64,135696,3847],{"class":70},[64,135698,5934],{"class":140},[64,135700,393],{"class":95},[64,135702,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719,135721,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,135704,212],{"class":211},[64,135706,144],{"class":95},[64,135708,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135710,3256],{"class":1418},[64,135712,137],{"class":95},[64,135714,133289],{"class":140},[64,135716,382],{"class":95},[64,135718,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135720,543],{"class":1422},[64,135722,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135724,103],{"class":95},[64,135726,3256],{"class":1418},[64,135728,1235],{"class":1422},[64,135730,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135732,103],{"class":95},[64,135734,3256],{"class":1418},[64,135736,9711],{"class":1422},[64,135738,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135740,1769],{"class":95},[64,135742,135743,135745,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755,135757,135759,135761,135763,135765,135767,135769,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,135744,212],{"class":211},[64,135746,144],{"class":95},[64,135748,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135750,2153],{"class":1422},[64,135752,3261],{"class":1418},[64,135754,137],{"class":95},[64,135756,133289],{"class":140},[64,135758,144],{"class":95},[64,135760,39817],{"class":211},[64,135762,144],{"class":95},[64,135764,3406],{"class":1778},[64,135766,103],{"class":95},[64,135768,112],{"class":95},[64,135770,100],{"class":99},[64,135772,103],{"class":95},[64,135774,106],{"class":99},[64,135776,103],{"class":95},[64,135778,743],{"class":99},[64,135780,37222],{"class":95},[14,135782,135783],{},"What these checks do:",[21,135785,135786,135794,135800,135806,135815],{},[24,135787,135788,135791,135792,980],{},[61,135789,135790],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[61,135793,7779],{},[24,135795,135796,135799],{},[61,135797,135798],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[24,135801,135802,135805],{},[61,135803,135804],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[24,135807,135808,135811,135812,135814],{},[61,135809,135810],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[61,135813,133212],{}," behavior",[24,135816,135817,135820],{},[61,135818,135819],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[49,135822,1826],{"id":1825},[816,135824,12670,135826,135828],{"id":135825},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[61,135827,133212],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135830,135831,135832,135834,135835,137],{},"Not directly. ",[61,135833,133212],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[61,135836,135837],{},"map(str, values)",[816,135839,12670,135841,57115],{"id":135840},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[61,135842,133212],{},[14,135844,135845],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[816,135847,28282,135849,62584],{"id":135848},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[61,135850,133212],{},[14,135852,42111,135853,135855],{},[61,135854,133212],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[816,135857,5107,135859,39918],{"id":135858},"what-does-joinwords-do",[61,135860,135861],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135863,135864],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[816,135866,135868,135869,135871,135872,2456],{"id":135867},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[61,135870,2964],{}," when using ",[61,135873,133212],{},[14,135875,135876],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[49,135878,1865],{"id":1864},[21,135880,135881,135886,135892,135898,135904],{},[24,135882,135883],{},[543,135884,135885],{"href":135607},"How to join strings in Python",[24,135887,135888],{},[543,135889,126130,135890,1248],{"href":128817},[61,135891,60480],{},[24,135893,135894],{},[543,135895,1877,135896,3472],{"href":42134},[61,135897,47641],{},[24,135899,135900],{},[543,135901,30302,135902],{"href":135050},[61,135903,135053],{},[24,135905,135906],{},[543,135907,124885],{"href":50934},[14,135909,97298,135910,135912],{},[61,135911,133212],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1898,135914,135915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":135917},[135918,135919,135921,135924,135931,135941,135949,135959,135966,135967,135979],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":133329,"depth":78,"text":135920},"What join() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":135922},[135923],{"id":48967,"depth":85,"text":48968},{"id":121660,"depth":78,"text":121661,"children":135925},[135926,135927,135928,135929],{"id":133676,"depth":85,"text":133677},{"id":133768,"depth":85,"text":133769},{"id":133869,"depth":85,"text":133870},{"id":133978,"depth":85,"text":135930},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134081,"depth":78,"text":134082,"children":135932},[135933,135935,135937,135939],{"id":134088,"depth":85,"text":135934},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134155,"depth":85,"text":135936},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134244,"depth":85,"text":135938},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134330,"depth":85,"text":135940},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134405,"depth":78,"text":134406,"children":135942},[135943,135944,135945,135947],{"id":134414,"depth":85,"text":134415},{"id":134497,"depth":85,"text":134498},{"id":134651,"depth":85,"text":135946},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134823,"depth":85,"text":135948},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134910,"depth":78,"text":135950,"children":135951},"Common errors with join()",[135952,135954,135956,135957],{"id":134919,"depth":85,"text":135953},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135056,"depth":85,"text":135955},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135200,"depth":85,"text":135201},{"id":135275,"depth":85,"text":135958},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135390,"depth":78,"text":135960,"children":135961},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135962,135964],{"id":135405,"depth":85,"text":135963},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135487,"depth":85,"text":135965},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135611,"depth":78,"text":135612},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":135968},[135969,135971,135973,135975,135977],{"id":135825,"depth":85,"text":135970},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135840,"depth":85,"text":135972},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135848,"depth":85,"text":135974},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135858,"depth":85,"text":135976},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135867,"depth":85,"text":135978},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133204,"description":135980},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135987,"title":135988,"body":135989,"description":137557,"extension":1927,"meta":137558,"navigation":81,"path":137559,"seo":137560,"stem":137561,"__hash__":137562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135990,"toc":137524},[135991,135996,136001,136003,136017,136062,136069,136074,136079,136081,136097,136106,136108,136110,136125,136127,136137,136139,136201,136203,136206,136267,136269,136285,136287,136300,136303,136350,136352,136358,136361,136364,136424,136432,136518,136522,136527,136529,136543,136546,136631,136634,136692,136703,136758,136760,136767,136773,136779,136823,136826,136873,136875,136877,136884,136886,136917,136920,136922,136953,136957,136960,136962,137002,137004,137047,137053,137058,137060,137087,137092,137095,137144,137148,137151,137226,137237,137240,137297,137304,137310,137318,137323,137330,137337,137355,137357,137411,137419,137421,137426,137429,137435,137441,137446,137449,137455,137461,137468,137476,137478,137521],[10,135992,123130,135994,11295],{"id":135993},"python-string-lower-method",[61,135995,123860],{},[14,135997,123135,135998,136000],{},[61,135999,123860],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136002,24041],{},[21,136004,136005,136008,136011,136014],{},[24,136006,136007],{},"convert text to lowercase",[24,136009,136010],{},"compare text without case differences",[24,136012,136013],{},"clean up user input",[24,136015,136016],{},"make simple text matching easier",[54,136018,136020],{"className":56,"code":136019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[61,136021,136022,136035,136049],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136023,136024,136026,136028,136030,136033],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136025,34645],{"class":74},[64,136027,92],{"class":91},[64,136029,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136031,136032],{"class":1422},"Hello WORLD",[64,136034,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136036,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136038,2194],{"class":74},[64,136040,92],{"class":91},[64,136042,42801],{"class":74},[64,136044,137],{"class":95},[64,136046,8611],{"class":140},[64,136048,366],{"class":95},[64,136050,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136052,212],{"class":211},[64,136054,144],{"class":95},[64,136056,2229],{"class":140},[64,136058,219],{"class":95},[64,136060,136061],{"class":222},"  # hello world\n",[14,136063,136064,88912,136066,136068],{},[37,136065,83770],{},[61,136067,123860],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[49,136070,3639,136072,3642],{"id":136071},"what-lower-does",[61,136073,123860],{},[14,136075,136076,136078],{},[61,136077,123860],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136080,13017],{},[21,136082,136083,136088,136091,136094],{},[24,136084,136085,136087],{},[61,136086,123860],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[24,136089,136090],{},"It works on string objects",[24,136092,136093],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[24,136095,136096],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136098,124882,136099,136103,136104,137],{},[543,136100,136102],{"href":136101},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[543,136105,50935],{"href":50934},[49,136107,2120],{"id":2119},[14,136109,2123],{},[54,136111,136113],{"className":56,"code":136112,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.lower()\n",[61,136114,136115],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136116,136117,136119,136121,136123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136118,61123],{"class":74},[64,136120,137],{"class":95},[64,136122,8611],{"class":140},[64,136124,366],{"class":95},[14,136126,43609],{},[21,136128,136129,136131,136134],{},[24,136130,97476],{},[24,136132,136133],{},"You call it directly on a string",[24,136135,136136],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136138,318],{},[54,136140,136142],{"className":56,"code":136141,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[61,136143,136144,136167,136171,136184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136145,136146,136148,136150,136152,136155,136157,136159,136161,136164],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136147,212],{"class":211},[64,136149,144],{"class":95},[64,136151,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136153,136154],{"class":1422},"HELLO",[64,136156,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136158,137],{"class":95},[64,136160,8611],{"class":140},[64,136162,136163],{"class":95},"())",[64,136165,136166],{"class":222},"  # hello\n",[64,136168,136169],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136170,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136172,136173,136175,136177,136179,136182],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136174,7846],{"class":74},[64,136176,92],{"class":91},[64,136178,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136180,136181],{"class":1422},"PyThOn",[64,136183,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136185,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136187,212],{"class":211},[64,136189,144],{"class":95},[64,136191,7637],{"class":140},[64,136193,137],{"class":95},[64,136195,8611],{"class":140},[64,136197,136163],{"class":95},[64,136199,136200],{"class":222},"  # python\n",[49,136202,11449],{"id":11448},[14,136204,136205],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[54,136207,136209],{"className":56,"code":136208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[61,136210,136211,136223,136227,136242,136246,136257],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136212,136213,136215,136217,136219,136221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136214,34645],{"class":74},[64,136216,92],{"class":91},[64,136218,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136220,136032],{"class":1422},[64,136222,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136224,136225],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136226,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136228,136229,136232,136234,136236,136238,136240],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136230,136231],{"class":74},"lower_text ",[64,136233,92],{"class":91},[64,136235,42801],{"class":74},[64,136237,137],{"class":95},[64,136239,8611],{"class":140},[64,136241,366],{"class":95},[64,136243,136244],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136245,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136247,136248,136250,136252,136255],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,136249,212],{"class":211},[64,136251,144],{"class":95},[64,136253,136254],{"class":140},"lower_text",[64,136256,150],{"class":95},[64,136258,136259,136261,136263,136265],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,136260,212],{"class":211},[64,136262,144],{"class":95},[64,136264,34666],{"class":140},[64,136266,150],{"class":95},[14,136268,2035],{},[54,136270,136272],{"className":56,"code":136271,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[61,136273,136274,136278],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136275,136276],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136277,134146],{"class":74},[64,136279,136280,136282],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136281,131546],{"class":74},[64,136283,136284],{"class":34410},"WORLD\n",[14,136286,24561],{},[21,136288,136289,136294],{},[24,136290,136291,136293],{},[61,136292,123860],{}," returns the lowercase result",[24,136295,136296,136297,136299],{},"the original ",[61,136298,34666],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136301,136302],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[54,136304,136306],{"className":56,"code":136305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[61,136307,136308,136320,136334,136338],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136309,136310,136312,136314,136316,136318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136311,34645],{"class":74},[64,136313,92],{"class":91},[64,136315,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136317,136032],{"class":1422},[64,136319,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136321,136322,136324,136326,136328,136330,136332],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136323,34645],{"class":74},[64,136325,92],{"class":91},[64,136327,42801],{"class":74},[64,136329,137],{"class":95},[64,136331,8611],{"class":140},[64,136333,366],{"class":95},[64,136335,136336],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136337,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136339,136340,136342,136344,136346,136348],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136341,212],{"class":211},[64,136343,144],{"class":95},[64,136345,34666],{"class":140},[64,136347,219],{"class":95},[64,136349,136061],{"class":222},[49,136351,17372],{"id":17371},[14,136353,136354,21928,136356,137],{},[61,136355,123860],{},[37,136357,61123],{},[14,136359,136360],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136362,136363],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[54,136365,136367],{"className":56,"code":136366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[61,136368,136369,136383,136387,136410],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136370,136371,136374,136376,136378,136381],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136372,136373],{"class":74},"answer ",[64,136375,92],{"class":91},[64,136377,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136379,136380],{"class":1422},"YES",[64,136382,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136384,136385],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136386,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136388,136389,136391,136394,136396,136398,136400,136402,136404,136406,136408],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136390,6965],{"class":70},[64,136392,136393],{"class":74}," answer",[64,136395,137],{"class":95},[64,136397,8611],{"class":140},[64,136399,7334],{"class":95},[64,136401,6378],{"class":91},[64,136403,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136405,8628],{"class":1422},[64,136407,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136409,6363],{"class":95},[64,136411,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136413,8039],{"class":211},[64,136415,144],{"class":95},[64,136417,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136419,96785],{"class":1422},[64,136421,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136423,150],{"class":95},[14,136425,136426,136427,1117],{},"This is especially useful with ",[543,136428,136429,136430,2267],{"href":8189},"the ",[61,136431,2919],{},[54,136433,136435],{"className":56,"code":136434,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[61,136436,136437,136456,136460,136482,136497,136503],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136438,136439,136441,136443,136445,136447,136449,136452,136454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136440,136373],{"class":74},[64,136442,92],{"class":91},[64,136444,8212],{"class":211},[64,136446,144],{"class":95},[64,136448,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136450,136451],{"class":1422},"Type yes or no: ",[64,136453,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136455,150],{"class":95},[64,136457,136458],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136459,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136461,136462,136464,136466,136468,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478,136480],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136463,6965],{"class":70},[64,136465,136393],{"class":74},[64,136467,137],{"class":95},[64,136469,8611],{"class":140},[64,136471,7334],{"class":95},[64,136473,6378],{"class":91},[64,136475,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136477,8628],{"class":1422},[64,136479,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136481,6363],{"class":95},[64,136483,136484,136486,136488,136490,136493,136495],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136485,8039],{"class":211},[64,136487,144],{"class":95},[64,136489,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136491,136492],{"class":1422},"You typed yes",[64,136494,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136496,150],{"class":95},[64,136498,136499,136501],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,136500,27388],{"class":70},[64,136502,6363],{"class":95},[64,136504,136505,136507,136509,136511,136514,136516],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,136506,8039],{"class":211},[64,136508,144],{"class":95},[64,136510,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136512,136513],{"class":1422},"You typed something else",[64,136515,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136517,150],{"class":95},[49,136519,136521],{"id":136520},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136523,136524,136526],{},[61,136525,123860],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136528,7311],{},[21,136530,136531,136534,136537,136540],{},[24,136532,136533],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[24,136535,136536],{},"Make text matching easier",[24,136538,136539],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[24,136541,136542],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136544,136545],{},"Example: checking user input",[54,136547,136549],{"className":56,"code":136548,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[61,136550,136551,136569,136573,136595,136610,136616],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136552,136553,136555,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565,136567],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136554,44916],{"class":74},[64,136556,92],{"class":91},[64,136558,8212],{"class":211},[64,136560,144],{"class":95},[64,136562,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136564,44927],{"class":1422},[64,136566,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136568,150],{"class":95},[64,136570,136571],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136572,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136574,136575,136577,136579,136581,136583,136585,136587,136589,136591,136593],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136576,6965],{"class":70},[64,136578,35808],{"class":74},[64,136580,137],{"class":95},[64,136582,8611],{"class":140},[64,136584,7334],{"class":95},[64,136586,6378],{"class":91},[64,136588,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136590,13075],{"class":1422},[64,136592,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136594,6363],{"class":95},[64,136596,136597,136599,136601,136603,136606,136608],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136598,8039],{"class":211},[64,136600,144],{"class":95},[64,136602,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136604,136605],{"class":1422},"Nice choice!",[64,136607,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136609,150],{"class":95},[64,136611,136612,136614],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,136613,27388],{"class":70},[64,136615,6363],{"class":95},[64,136617,136618,136620,136622,136624,136627,136629],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,136619,8039],{"class":211},[64,136621,144],{"class":95},[64,136623,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136625,136626],{"class":1422},"Got it.",[64,136628,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136630,150],{"class":95},[14,136632,136633],{},"Example: simple search",[54,136635,136637],{"className":56,"code":136636,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[61,136638,136639,136652,136656,136677],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136640,136641,136643,136645,136647,136650],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136642,89956],{"class":74},[64,136644,92],{"class":91},[64,136646,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136648,136649],{"class":1422},"Python Is Fun",[64,136651,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136653,136654],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136655,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136657,136658,136660,136662,136664,136666,136668,136671,136673,136675],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136659,6965],{"class":70},[64,136661,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136663,58],{"class":1422},[64,136665,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136667,21127],{"class":91},[64,136669,136670],{"class":74}," message",[64,136672,137],{"class":95},[64,136674,8611],{"class":140},[64,136676,21548],{"class":95},[64,136678,136679,136681,136683,136685,136688,136690],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136680,8039],{"class":211},[64,136682,144],{"class":95},[64,136684,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136686,136687],{"class":1422},"Found it",[64,136689,1419],{"class":1418},[64,136691,150],{"class":95},[14,136693,136694,136695,136697,136698,1117],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[61,136696,123860],{}," is often used with ",[543,136699,136701],{"href":136700},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[61,136702,41612],{},[54,136704,136706],{"className":56,"code":136705,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[61,136707,136708,136721,136740,136744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136709,136710,136712,136714,136716,136719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136711,7846],{"class":74},[64,136713,92],{"class":91},[64,136715,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136717,136718],{"class":1422},"  ALICE  ",[64,136720,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136722,136723,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734,136736,136738],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136724,136725],{"class":74},"clean_name ",[64,136727,92],{"class":91},[64,136729,35949],{"class":74},[64,136731,137],{"class":95},[64,136733,8605],{"class":140},[64,136735,8608],{"class":95},[64,136737,8611],{"class":140},[64,136739,366],{"class":95},[64,136741,136742],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136743,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136745,136746,136748,136750,136753,136755],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136747,212],{"class":211},[64,136749,144],{"class":95},[64,136751,136752],{"class":140},"clean_name",[64,136754,219],{"class":95},[64,136756,136757],{"class":222},"  # alice\n",[49,136759,15549],{"id":15548},[14,136761,136762,136763,136766],{},"Strings are ",[37,136764,136765],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136768,136769,136770,136772],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[61,136771,123860],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136774,136775,136776,136778],{},"So this does ",[37,136777,300],{}," update the original variable:",[54,136780,136782],{"className":56,"code":136781,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[61,136783,136784,136796,136806,136810],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136785,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136787,34645],{"class":74},[64,136789,92],{"class":91},[64,136791,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136793,136154],{"class":1422},[64,136795,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136797,136798,136800,136802,136804],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136799,34666],{"class":74},[64,136801,137],{"class":95},[64,136803,8611],{"class":140},[64,136805,366],{"class":95},[64,136807,136808],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136809,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136811,136812,136814,136816,136818,136820],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136813,212],{"class":211},[64,136815,144],{"class":95},[64,136817,34666],{"class":140},[64,136819,219],{"class":95},[64,136821,136822],{"class":222},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136824,136825],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[54,136827,136829],{"className":56,"code":136828,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[61,136830,136831,136843,136857,136861],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136832,136833,136835,136837,136839,136841],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136834,34645],{"class":74},[64,136836,92],{"class":91},[64,136838,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136840,136154],{"class":1422},[64,136842,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136844,136845,136847,136849,136851,136853,136855],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136846,34645],{"class":74},[64,136848,92],{"class":91},[64,136850,42801],{"class":74},[64,136852,137],{"class":95},[64,136854,8611],{"class":140},[64,136856,366],{"class":95},[64,136858,136859],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136860,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,136862,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,136864,212],{"class":211},[64,136866,144],{"class":95},[64,136868,34666],{"class":140},[64,136870,219],{"class":95},[64,136872,136166],{"class":222},[49,136874,1646],{"id":1645},[816,136876,25642],{"id":25641},[14,136878,136879,136880,11064,136882,137],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[61,136881,8611],{},[61,136883,123860],{},[14,136885,16596],{},[54,136887,136889],{"className":56,"code":136888,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[61,136890,136891,136903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136892,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136894,34645],{"class":74},[64,136896,92],{"class":91},[64,136898,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136900,136154],{"class":1422},[64,136902,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136904,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136906,212],{"class":211},[64,136908,144],{"class":95},[64,136910,34666],{"class":140},[64,136912,137],{"class":95},[64,136914,8611],{"class":24704},[64,136916,150],{"class":95},[14,136918,136919],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136921,16608],{},[54,136923,136925],{"className":56,"code":136924,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[61,136926,136927,136939],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136928,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136930,34645],{"class":74},[64,136932,92],{"class":91},[64,136934,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136936,136154],{"class":1422},[64,136938,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136940,136941,136943,136945,136947,136949,136951],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136942,212],{"class":211},[64,136944,144],{"class":95},[64,136946,34666],{"class":140},[64,136948,137],{"class":95},[64,136950,8611],{"class":140},[64,136952,7162],{"class":95},[816,136954,136956],{"id":136955},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136958,136959],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136961,16596],{},[54,136963,136965],{"className":56,"code":136964,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[61,136966,136967,136979,136989],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,136968,136969,136971,136973,136975,136977],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136970,34645],{"class":74},[64,136972,92],{"class":91},[64,136974,3315],{"class":1418},[64,136976,136154],{"class":1422},[64,136978,3321],{"class":1418},[64,136980,136981,136983,136985,136987],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,136982,34666],{"class":74},[64,136984,137],{"class":95},[64,136986,8611],{"class":140},[64,136988,366],{"class":95},[64,136990,136991,136993,136995,136997,136999],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,136992,212],{"class":211},[64,136994,144],{"class":95},[64,136996,34666],{"class":140},[64,136998,219],{"class":95},[64,137000,137001],{"class":222},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137003,16608],{},[54,137005,137007],{"className":56,"code":137006,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[61,137008,137009,137021,137035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137010,137011,137013,137015,137017,137019],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137012,34645],{"class":74},[64,137014,92],{"class":91},[64,137016,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137018,136154],{"class":1422},[64,137020,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137022,137023,137025,137027,137029,137031,137033],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137024,34645],{"class":74},[64,137026,92],{"class":91},[64,137028,42801],{"class":74},[64,137030,137],{"class":95},[64,137032,8611],{"class":140},[64,137034,366],{"class":95},[64,137036,137037,137039,137041,137043,137045],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137038,212],{"class":211},[64,137040,144],{"class":95},[64,137042,34666],{"class":140},[64,137044,219],{"class":95},[64,137046,136166],{"class":222},[816,137048,1654,137050,137052],{"id":137049},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[61,137051,123860],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137054,137055,137057],{},[61,137056,123860],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137059,16596],{},[54,137061,137063],{"className":56,"code":137062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[61,137064,137065,137073],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137066,137067,137069,137071],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137068,2181],{"class":74},[64,137070,92],{"class":91},[64,137072,124812],{"class":99},[64,137074,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137076,212],{"class":211},[64,137078,144],{"class":95},[64,137080,2204],{"class":140},[64,137082,137],{"class":95},[64,137084,8611],{"class":140},[64,137086,7162],{"class":95},[14,137088,137089,137090,33557],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[61,137091,123860],{},[14,137093,137094],{},"You can check the type first:",[54,137096,137098],{"className":56,"code":137097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[61,137099,137100,137112,137116,137130],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137101,137102,137104,137106,137108,137110],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137103,34645],{"class":74},[64,137105,92],{"class":91},[64,137107,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137109,136154],{"class":1422},[64,137111,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137113,137114],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137115,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,137117,137118,137120,137122,137124,137126,137128],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137119,212],{"class":211},[64,137121,144],{"class":95},[64,137123,1779],{"class":1778},[64,137125,144],{"class":95},[64,137127,34666],{"class":140},[64,137129,1737],{"class":95},[64,137131,137132,137134,137136,137138,137140,137142],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,137133,212],{"class":211},[64,137135,144],{"class":95},[64,137137,34666],{"class":140},[64,137139,137],{"class":95},[64,137141,8611],{"class":140},[64,137143,7162],{"class":95},[816,137145,137147],{"id":137146},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137149,137150],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[54,137152,137154],{"className":56,"code":137153,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[61,137155,137156,137169,137173,137190,137205,137211],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137157,137158,137160,137162,137164,137167],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137159,136373],{"class":74},[64,137161,92],{"class":91},[64,137163,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137165,137166],{"class":1422},"Yes",[64,137168,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137170,137171],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137172,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,137174,137175,137177,137180,137182,137184,137186,137188],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137176,6965],{"class":70},[64,137178,137179],{"class":74}," answer ",[64,137181,1707],{"class":91},[64,137183,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137185,8628],{"class":1422},[64,137187,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137189,6363],{"class":95},[64,137191,137192,137194,137196,137198,137201,137203],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,137193,8039],{"class":211},[64,137195,144],{"class":95},[64,137197,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137199,137200],{"class":1422},"Match",[64,137202,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137204,150],{"class":95},[64,137206,137207,137209],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,137208,27388],{"class":70},[64,137210,6363],{"class":95},[64,137212,137213,137215,137217,137219,137222,137224],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,137214,8039],{"class":211},[64,137216,144],{"class":95},[64,137218,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137220,137221],{"class":1422},"No match",[64,137223,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137225,150],{"class":95},[14,137227,29015,137228,40,137231,137234,137235,137],{},[61,137229,137230],{},"\"Yes\"",[61,137232,137233],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[61,137236,137221],{},[14,137238,137239],{},"Better:",[54,137241,137243],{"className":56,"code":137242,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[61,137244,137245,137257,137261,137283],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137246,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137248,136373],{"class":74},[64,137250,92],{"class":91},[64,137252,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137254,137166],{"class":1422},[64,137256,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137258,137259],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137260,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,137262,137263,137265,137267,137269,137271,137273,137275,137277,137279,137281],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137264,6965],{"class":70},[64,137266,136393],{"class":74},[64,137268,137],{"class":95},[64,137270,8611],{"class":140},[64,137272,7334],{"class":95},[64,137274,6378],{"class":91},[64,137276,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137278,8628],{"class":1422},[64,137280,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137282,6363],{"class":95},[64,137284,137285,137287,137289,137291,137293,137295],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,137286,8039],{"class":211},[64,137288,144],{"class":95},[64,137290,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137292,137200],{"class":1422},[64,137294,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137296,150],{"class":95},[816,137298,44170,137300,137303],{"id":137299},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[61,137301,137302],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137305,137306,137307,137309],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[61,137308,123860],{}," is enough.",[14,137311,137312,137313,137315,137316,137],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[61,137314,137302],{}," can be stronger than ",[61,137317,123860],{},[14,137319,137320,137321,122372],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[61,137322,123860],{},[49,137324,137326,10557,137328],{"id":137325},"lower-vs-upper",[61,137327,123860],{},[61,137329,128008],{},[14,137331,137332,40,137334,137336],{},[61,137333,123860],{},[61,137335,128008],{}," are very similar.",[21,137338,137339,137344,137349,137352],{},[24,137340,137341,137343],{},[61,137342,123860],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[24,137345,137346,137348],{},[61,137347,128008],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[24,137350,137351],{},"Both return new strings",[24,137353,137354],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137356,318],{},[54,137358,137360],{"className":56,"code":137359,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[61,137361,137362,137374,137378,137394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137363,137364,137366,137368,137370,137372],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137365,34645],{"class":74},[64,137367,92],{"class":91},[64,137369,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137371,128849],{"class":1422},[64,137373,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137375,137376],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137377,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,137379,137380,137382,137384,137386,137388,137390,137392],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137381,212],{"class":211},[64,137383,144],{"class":95},[64,137385,34666],{"class":140},[64,137387,137],{"class":95},[64,137389,8611],{"class":140},[64,137391,136163],{"class":95},[64,137393,136061],{"class":222},[64,137395,137396,137398,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,137397,212],{"class":211},[64,137399,144],{"class":95},[64,137401,34666],{"class":140},[64,137403,137],{"class":95},[64,137405,34435],{"class":140},[64,137407,136163],{"class":95},[64,137409,137410],{"class":222},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137412,137413,137414,137],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[543,137415,126130,137417,1248],{"href":137416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[61,137418,128008],{},[49,137420,1826],{"id":1825},[816,137422,12670,137424,124457],{"id":137423},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[61,137425,123860],{},[14,137427,137428],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[816,137430,12670,137432,137434],{"id":137431},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[61,137433,123860],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137436,137437,137438,137],{},"No. The method is called as ",[61,137439,137440],{},"string.lower()",[816,137442,5107,137444,12682],{"id":137443},"what-does-lower-return",[61,137445,123860],{},[14,137447,137448],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[816,137450,28282,137452,137454],{"id":137451},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[61,137453,123860],{}," on user input?",[14,137456,137457,137458,137460],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[61,137459,2919],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[816,137462,5145,137464,40,137466,2456],{"id":137463},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[61,137465,123860],{},[61,137467,137302],{},[14,137469,137470,137472,137473,137475],{},[61,137471,123860],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[61,137474,137302],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[49,137477,1865],{"id":1864},[21,137479,137480,137484,137490,137496,137502,137506,137510,137516],{},[24,137481,137482],{},[543,137483,50935],{"href":50934},[24,137485,137486],{},[543,137487,126130,137488,1248],{"href":137416},[61,137489,128008],{},[24,137491,137492],{},[543,137493,126130,137494,1248],{"href":136700},[61,137495,41612],{},[24,137497,137498],{},[543,137499,126130,137500,1248],{"href":129711},[61,137501,124301],{},[24,137503,137504],{},[543,137505,124529],{"href":123385},[24,137507,137508],{},[543,137509,90632],{"href":89641},[24,137511,137512],{},[543,137513,1877,137514,3472],{"href":8189},[61,137515,2919],{},[24,137517,137518],{},[543,137519,137520],{"href":136101},"What is a string in Python?",[1898,137522,137523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":137525},[137526,137528,137529,137530,137531,137532,137533,137542,137544,137556],{"id":136071,"depth":78,"text":137527},"What lower() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":136520,"depth":78,"text":136521},{"id":15548,"depth":78,"text":15549},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":137534},[137535,137536,137537,137539,137540],{"id":25641,"depth":85,"text":25642},{"id":136955,"depth":85,"text":136956},{"id":137049,"depth":85,"text":137538},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137146,"depth":85,"text":137147},{"id":137299,"depth":85,"text":137541},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137325,"depth":78,"text":137543},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":137545},[137546,137548,137550,137552,137554],{"id":137423,"depth":85,"text":137547},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137431,"depth":85,"text":137549},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137443,"depth":85,"text":137551},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137451,"depth":85,"text":137553},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137463,"depth":85,"text":137555},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135988,"description":137557},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137564,"title":137565,"body":137566,"description":139116,"extension":1927,"meta":139117,"navigation":81,"path":139118,"seo":139119,"stem":139120,"__hash__":139121},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137567,"toc":139077},[137568,137573,137578,137584,137599,137601,137661,137663,137672,137678,137683,137688,137690,137704,137708,137710,137757,137759,137777,137779,137782,137853,137855,137869,137872,137884,137893,137897,137902,137907,137911,137977,137979,137988,137992,138057,138059,138068,138071,138076,138080,138085,138089,138150,138152,138161,138165,138168,138224,138226,138235,138238,138251,138253,138257,138264,138326,138328,138341,138347,138350,138357,138362,138367,138370,138378,138380,138441,138443,138452,138455,138502,138505,138552,138554,138559,138576,138583,138588,138641,138643,138651,138653,138710,138712,138720,138724,138771,138773,138781,138789,138793,138841,138843,138852,138857,138908,138910,138919,138926,138929,138950,138952,138957,138960,138964,138967,138971,138974,139001,139007,139010,139037,139042,139044,139046,139074],[10,137569,123130,137571,11295],{"id":137570},"python-string-replace-method",[61,137572,124301],{},[14,137574,123135,137575,137577],{},[61,137576,124301],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137579,137580,137581,137583],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[61,137582,124301],{},". You will learn:",[21,137585,137586,137590,137593,137596],{},[24,137587,25974,137588,3642],{},[61,137589,124301],{},[24,137591,137592],{},"how its syntax works",[24,137594,137595],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[24,137597,137598],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[49,137600,52],{"id":51},[54,137602,137604],{"className":56,"code":137603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[61,137605,137606,137619,137651],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137607,137608,137610,137612,137614,137617],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137609,34645],{"class":74},[64,137611,92],{"class":91},[64,137613,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137615,137616],{"class":1422},"I like cats",[64,137618,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137620,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137638,137640,137642,137644,137647,137649],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137622,129969],{"class":74},[64,137624,92],{"class":91},[64,137626,42801],{"class":74},[64,137628,137],{"class":95},[64,137630,34957],{"class":140},[64,137632,144],{"class":95},[64,137634,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137636,137637],{"class":1422},"cats",[64,137639,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137641,103],{"class":95},[64,137643,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137645,137646],{"class":1422},"dogs",[64,137648,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137650,150],{"class":95},[64,137652,137653,137655,137657,137659],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137654,212],{"class":211},[64,137656,144],{"class":95},[64,137658,130000],{"class":140},[64,137660,150],{"class":95},[14,137662,2035],{},[54,137664,137666],{"className":56,"code":137665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like dogs\n",[61,137667,137668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137669,137670],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137671,137665],{"class":74},[14,137673,256,137674,137677],{},[61,137675,137676],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[49,137679,3639,137681,3642],{"id":137680},"what-replace-does",[61,137682,124301],{},[14,137684,137685,137687],{},[61,137686,124301],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137689,13017],{},[21,137691,137692,137694,137696,137699],{},[24,137693,133378],{},[24,137695,136096],{},[24,137697,137698],{},"It works on exact matches",[24,137700,137701,137702],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[61,137703,41218],{},[14,137705,124882,137706,137],{},[543,137707,124885],{"href":50934},[49,137709,5398],{"id":5397},[54,137711,137713],{"className":56,"code":137712,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[61,137714,137715,137735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137716,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725,137728,137730,137733],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137718,61123],{"class":74},[64,137720,137],{"class":95},[64,137722,34957],{"class":140},[64,137724,144],{"class":95},[64,137726,137727],{"class":140},"old",[64,137729,103],{"class":95},[64,137731,137732],{"class":140}," new",[64,137734,150],{"class":95},[64,137736,137737,137739,137741,137743,137745,137747,137749,137751,137753,137755],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137738,61123],{"class":74},[64,137740,137],{"class":95},[64,137742,34957],{"class":140},[64,137744,144],{"class":95},[64,137746,137727],{"class":140},[64,137748,103],{"class":95},[64,137750,137732],{"class":140},[64,137752,103],{"class":95},[64,137754,49560],{"class":140},[64,137756,150],{"class":95},[816,137758,17348],{"id":17347},[21,137760,137761,137766,137772],{},[24,137762,137763,137765],{},[61,137764,137727],{}," = the text to find",[24,137767,137768,137771],{},[61,137769,137770],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[24,137773,137774,137776],{},[61,137775,41218],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[49,137778,5755],{"id":5754},[14,137780,137781],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[54,137783,137785],{"className":56,"code":137784,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[61,137786,137787,137799,137829,137833,137843],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137788,137789,137791,137793,137795,137797],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137790,34645],{"class":74},[64,137792,92],{"class":91},[64,137794,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137796,137616],{"class":1422},[64,137798,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137800,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813,137815,137817,137819,137821,137823,137825,137827],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137802,129969],{"class":74},[64,137804,92],{"class":91},[64,137806,42801],{"class":74},[64,137808,137],{"class":95},[64,137810,34957],{"class":140},[64,137812,144],{"class":95},[64,137814,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137816,137637],{"class":1422},[64,137818,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137820,103],{"class":95},[64,137822,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137824,137646],{"class":1422},[64,137826,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137828,150],{"class":95},[64,137830,137831],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137832,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,137834,137835,137837,137839,137841],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,137836,212],{"class":211},[64,137838,144],{"class":95},[64,137840,34666],{"class":140},[64,137842,150],{"class":95},[64,137844,137845,137847,137849,137851],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,137846,212],{"class":211},[64,137848,144],{"class":95},[64,137850,130000],{"class":140},[64,137852,150],{"class":95},[14,137854,2035],{},[54,137856,137858],{"className":56,"code":137857,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[61,137859,137860,137865],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137861,137862],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137863,137864],{"class":74},"I like cats\n",[64,137866,137867],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137868,137665],{"class":74},[14,137870,137871],{},"Notice what happened:",[21,137873,137874,137879],{},[24,137875,137876,137878],{},[61,137877,34666],{}," did not change",[24,137880,137881,137883],{},[61,137882,130000],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137885,137886,137887,137889,137890,137892],{},"This happens because strings are ",[37,137888,136765],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[61,137891,124301],{}," return a new string instead.",[49,137894,137896],{"id":137895},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137898,89650,137899,137901],{},[61,137900,124301],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137903,137904,137905,36579],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[61,137906,41218],{},[816,137908,137910],{"id":137909},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[54,137912,137914],{"className":56,"code":137913,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,137915,137916,137929,137963,137967],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137917,137918,137920,137922,137924,137927],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137919,34645],{"class":74},[64,137921,92],{"class":91},[64,137923,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137925,137926],{"class":1422},"cat cat cat",[64,137928,3321],{"class":1418},[64,137930,137931,137933,137935,137937,137939,137941,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,137932,2194],{"class":74},[64,137934,92],{"class":91},[64,137936,42801],{"class":74},[64,137938,137],{"class":95},[64,137940,34957],{"class":140},[64,137942,144],{"class":95},[64,137944,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137946,37004],{"class":1422},[64,137948,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137950,103],{"class":95},[64,137952,3315],{"class":1418},[64,137954,58076],{"class":1422},[64,137956,1419],{"class":1418},[64,137958,103],{"class":95},[64,137960,5465],{"class":99},[64,137962,150],{"class":95},[64,137964,137965],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,137966,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,137968,137969,137971,137973,137975],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,137970,212],{"class":211},[64,137972,144],{"class":95},[64,137974,2229],{"class":140},[64,137976,150],{"class":95},[14,137978,2035],{},[54,137980,137982],{"className":56,"code":137981,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dog cat cat\n",[61,137983,137984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137985,137986],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137987,137981],{"class":74},[816,137989,137991],{"id":137990},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[54,137993,137995],{"className":56,"code":137994,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,137996,137997,138009,138043,138047],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,137998,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138000,34645],{"class":74},[64,138002,92],{"class":91},[64,138004,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138006,137926],{"class":1422},[64,138008,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138010,138011,138013,138015,138017,138019,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033,138035,138037,138039,138041],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138012,2194],{"class":74},[64,138014,92],{"class":91},[64,138016,42801],{"class":74},[64,138018,137],{"class":95},[64,138020,34957],{"class":140},[64,138022,144],{"class":95},[64,138024,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138026,37004],{"class":1422},[64,138028,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138030,103],{"class":95},[64,138032,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138034,58076],{"class":1422},[64,138036,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138038,103],{"class":95},[64,138040,106],{"class":99},[64,138042,150],{"class":95},[64,138044,138045],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,138046,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,138048,138049,138051,138053,138055],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,138050,212],{"class":211},[64,138052,144],{"class":95},[64,138054,2229],{"class":140},[64,138056,150],{"class":95},[14,138058,2035],{},[54,138060,138062],{"className":56,"code":138061,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"dog dog cat\n",[61,138063,138064],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138065,138066],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138067,138061],{"class":74},[14,138069,138070],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138072,138073,138074,137],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[543,138075,127854],{"href":124298},[49,138077,138079],{"id":138078},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138081,138082,138084],{},[61,138083,124301],{}," can also change single characters.",[816,138086,138088],{"id":138087},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[54,138090,138092],{"className":56,"code":138091,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,138093,138094,138106,138136,138140],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138095,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138097,34645],{"class":74},[64,138099,92],{"class":91},[64,138101,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138103,4052],{"class":1422},[64,138105,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138107,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138109,2194],{"class":74},[64,138111,92],{"class":91},[64,138113,42801],{"class":74},[64,138115,137],{"class":95},[64,138117,34957],{"class":140},[64,138119,144],{"class":95},[64,138121,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138123,543],{"class":1422},[64,138125,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138127,103],{"class":95},[64,138129,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138131,60422],{"class":1422},[64,138133,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138135,150],{"class":95},[64,138137,138138],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,138139,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,138141,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,138143,212],{"class":211},[64,138145,144],{"class":95},[64,138147,2229],{"class":140},[64,138149,150],{"class":95},[14,138151,2035],{},[54,138153,138155],{"className":56,"code":138154,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"bonono\n",[61,138156,138157],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138158,138159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138160,138154],{"class":74},[816,138162,138164],{"id":138163},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138166,138167],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[54,138169,138171],{"className":56,"code":138170,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,138172,138173,138186,138210,138214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138174,138175,138177,138179,138181,138184],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138176,34645],{"class":74},[64,138178,92],{"class":91},[64,138180,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138182,138183],{"class":1422},"a b c",[64,138185,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138187,138188,138190,138192,138194,138196,138198,138200,138202,138204,138206,138208],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138189,2194],{"class":74},[64,138191,92],{"class":91},[64,138193,42801],{"class":74},[64,138195,137],{"class":95},[64,138197,34957],{"class":140},[64,138199,144],{"class":95},[64,138201,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138203,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138205,103],{"class":95},[64,138207,6095],{"class":1418},[64,138209,150],{"class":95},[64,138211,138212],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,138213,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,138215,138216,138218,138220,138222],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,138217,212],{"class":211},[64,138219,144],{"class":95},[64,138221,2229],{"class":140},[64,138223,150],{"class":95},[14,138225,2035],{},[54,138227,138229],{"className":56,"code":138228,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"abc\n",[61,138230,138231],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138232,138233],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138234,138228],{"class":74},[14,138236,138237],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138239,138240,138241,138245,138246,138250],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[543,138242,126130,138243,1248],{"href":128817},[61,138244,60480],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[543,138247,126130,138248,1248],{"href":136700},[61,138249,41612],{}," is often a better choice.",[49,138252,123777],{"id":123776},[14,138254,138255,123588],{},[61,138256,124301],{},[14,138258,127175,138259,40,138261,127182],{},[61,138260,112986],{},[61,138262,138263],{},"\"Cat\"",[54,138265,138267],{"className":56,"code":138266,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,138268,138269,138282,138312,138316],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138270,138271,138273,138275,138277,138280],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138272,34645],{"class":74},[64,138274,92],{"class":91},[64,138276,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138278,138279],{"class":1422},"Cat cat CAT",[64,138281,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138283,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138285,2194],{"class":74},[64,138287,92],{"class":91},[64,138289,42801],{"class":74},[64,138291,137],{"class":95},[64,138293,34957],{"class":140},[64,138295,144],{"class":95},[64,138297,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138299,37004],{"class":1422},[64,138301,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138303,103],{"class":95},[64,138305,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138307,58076],{"class":1422},[64,138309,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138311,150],{"class":95},[64,138313,138314],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,138315,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,138317,138318,138320,138322,138324],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,138319,212],{"class":211},[64,138321,144],{"class":95},[64,138323,2229],{"class":140},[64,138325,150],{"class":95},[14,138327,2035],{},[54,138329,138331],{"className":56,"code":138330,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Cat dog CAT\n",[61,138332,138333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138334,138335,138338],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138336,138337],{"class":74},"Cat dog ",[64,138339,138340],{"class":34410},"CAT\n",[14,138342,138343,138344,138346],{},"Only the lowercase ",[61,138345,112986],{}," was replaced.",[14,138348,138349],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138351,138352,138353,137],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[543,138354,126130,138355,1248],{"href":123857},[61,138356,123860],{},[49,138358,3639,138360,11679],{"id":138359},"what-replace-returns",[61,138361,124301],{},[14,138363,138364,138366],{},[61,138365,124301],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138368,138369],{},"If no match is found:",[21,138371,138372,138375],{},[24,138373,138374],{},"no error happens",[24,138376,138377],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138379,318],{},[54,138381,138383],{"className":56,"code":138382,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,138384,138385,138397,138427,138431],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138386,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138388,34645],{"class":74},[64,138390,92],{"class":91},[64,138392,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138394,3809],{"class":1422},[64,138396,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138398,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417,138419,138421,138423,138425],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138400,2194],{"class":74},[64,138402,92],{"class":91},[64,138404,42801],{"class":74},[64,138406,137],{"class":95},[64,138408,34957],{"class":140},[64,138410,144],{"class":95},[64,138412,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138414,2137],{"class":1422},[64,138416,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138418,103],{"class":95},[64,138420,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138422,11719],{"class":1422},[64,138424,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138426,150],{"class":95},[64,138428,138429],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,138430,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,138432,138433,138435,138437,138439],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,138434,212],{"class":211},[64,138436,144],{"class":95},[64,138438,2229],{"class":140},[64,138440,150],{"class":95},[14,138442,2035],{},[54,138444,138446],{"className":56,"code":138445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello\n",[61,138447,138448],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138449,138450],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138451,138445],{"class":74},[14,138453,138454],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[54,138456,138458],{"className":56,"code":138457,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[61,138459,138460,138472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138461,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138463,34645],{"class":74},[64,138465,92],{"class":91},[64,138467,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138469,60355],{"class":1422},[64,138471,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138473,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138475,129969],{"class":74},[64,138477,92],{"class":91},[64,138479,42801],{"class":74},[64,138481,137],{"class":95},[64,138483,34957],{"class":140},[64,138485,144],{"class":95},[64,138487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138489,60540],{"class":1422},[64,138491,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138493,103],{"class":95},[64,138495,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138497,7265],{"class":1422},[64,138499,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138501,150],{"class":95},[14,138503,138504],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[54,138506,138508],{"className":56,"code":138507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[61,138509,138510,138522],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138511,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138513,34645],{"class":74},[64,138515,92],{"class":91},[64,138517,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138519,60355],{"class":1422},[64,138521,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138523,138524,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542,138544,138546,138548,138550],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138525,34645],{"class":74},[64,138527,92],{"class":91},[64,138529,42801],{"class":74},[64,138531,137],{"class":95},[64,138533,34957],{"class":140},[64,138535,144],{"class":95},[64,138537,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138539,60540],{"class":1422},[64,138541,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138543,103],{"class":95},[64,138545,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138547,7265],{"class":1422},[64,138549,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138551,150],{"class":95},[49,138553,4483],{"id":4482},[14,138555,138556,138557,1117],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[61,138558,124301],{},[21,138560,138561,138564,138568,138571],{},[24,138562,138563],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[24,138565,8423,138566,131350],{},[61,138567,124301],{},[24,138569,138570],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[24,138572,37161,138573,138575],{},[61,138574,124301],{}," with regex-based replacements",[816,138577,138579,138580,138582],{"id":138578},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[61,138581,124301],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138584,138585,138586,1117],{},"This does not update ",[61,138587,34666],{},[54,138589,138591],{"className":56,"code":138590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,138592,138593,138605,138631],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138594,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138596,34645],{"class":74},[64,138598,92],{"class":91},[64,138600,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138602,137616],{"class":1422},[64,138604,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138606,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138608,34666],{"class":74},[64,138610,137],{"class":95},[64,138612,34957],{"class":140},[64,138614,144],{"class":95},[64,138616,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138618,137637],{"class":1422},[64,138620,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138622,103],{"class":95},[64,138624,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138626,137646],{"class":1422},[64,138628,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138630,150],{"class":95},[64,138632,138633,138635,138637,138639],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,138634,212],{"class":211},[64,138636,144],{"class":95},[64,138638,34666],{"class":140},[64,138640,150],{"class":95},[14,138642,2035],{},[54,138644,138645],{"className":56,"code":137864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,138646,138647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138648,138649],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138650,137864],{"class":74},[14,138652,10779],{},[54,138654,138656],{"className":56,"code":138655,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[61,138657,138658,138670,138700],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138659,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138661,34645],{"class":74},[64,138663,92],{"class":91},[64,138665,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138667,137616],{"class":1422},[64,138669,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138671,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138673,34645],{"class":74},[64,138675,92],{"class":91},[64,138677,42801],{"class":74},[64,138679,137],{"class":95},[64,138681,34957],{"class":140},[64,138683,144],{"class":95},[64,138685,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138687,137637],{"class":1422},[64,138689,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138691,103],{"class":95},[64,138693,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138695,137646],{"class":1422},[64,138697,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138699,150],{"class":95},[64,138701,138702,138704,138706,138708],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,138703,212],{"class":211},[64,138705,144],{"class":95},[64,138707,34666],{"class":140},[64,138709,150],{"class":95},[14,138711,2035],{},[54,138713,138714],{"className":56,"code":137665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,138715,138716],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138717,138718],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138719,137665],{"class":74},[816,138721,138723],{"id":138722},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[54,138725,138727],{"className":56,"code":138726,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[61,138728,138729,138741],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138730,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138732,34645],{"class":74},[64,138734,92],{"class":91},[64,138736,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138738,34825],{"class":1422},[64,138740,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138742,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138744,212],{"class":211},[64,138746,144],{"class":95},[64,138748,34666],{"class":140},[64,138750,137],{"class":95},[64,138752,34957],{"class":140},[64,138754,144],{"class":95},[64,138756,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138758,3809],{"class":1422},[64,138760,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138762,103],{"class":95},[64,138764,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138766,89885],{"class":1422},[64,138768,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138770,1737],{"class":95},[14,138772,2035],{},[54,138774,138775],{"className":56,"code":88898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,138776,138777],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138778,138779],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138780,88898],{"class":74},[14,138782,138783,138784,40,138786,138788],{},"Nothing changed because ",[61,138785,64484],{},[61,138787,90367],{}," are not the same.",[816,138790,138792],{"id":138791},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[54,138794,138796],{"className":56,"code":138795,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[61,138797,138798,138811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138799,138800,138802,138804,138806,138809],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138801,34645],{"class":74},[64,138803,92],{"class":91},[64,138805,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138807,138808],{"class":1422},"red red red",[64,138810,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138812,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138814,212],{"class":211},[64,138816,144],{"class":95},[64,138818,34666],{"class":140},[64,138820,137],{"class":95},[64,138822,34957],{"class":140},[64,138824,144],{"class":95},[64,138826,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138828,13058],{"class":1422},[64,138830,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138832,103],{"class":95},[64,138834,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138836,13075],{"class":1422},[64,138838,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138840,1737],{"class":95},[14,138842,2035],{},[54,138844,138846],{"className":56,"code":138845,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue blue blue\n",[61,138847,138848],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138849,138850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138851,138845],{"class":74},[14,138853,138854,138855,1117],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[61,138856,41218],{},[54,138858,138860],{"className":56,"code":138859,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[61,138861,138862,138874],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138863,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138865,34645],{"class":74},[64,138867,92],{"class":91},[64,138869,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138871,138808],{"class":1422},[64,138873,3321],{"class":1418},[64,138875,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904,138906],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,138877,212],{"class":211},[64,138879,144],{"class":95},[64,138881,34666],{"class":140},[64,138883,137],{"class":95},[64,138885,34957],{"class":140},[64,138887,144],{"class":95},[64,138889,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138891,13058],{"class":1422},[64,138893,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138895,103],{"class":95},[64,138897,3315],{"class":1418},[64,138899,13075],{"class":1422},[64,138901,1419],{"class":1418},[64,138903,103],{"class":95},[64,138905,5465],{"class":99},[64,138907,1737],{"class":95},[14,138909,2035],{},[54,138911,138913],{"className":56,"code":138912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"blue red red\n",[61,138914,138915],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138916,138917],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138918,138912],{"class":74},[816,138920,138922,138923,138925],{"id":138921},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[61,138924,124301],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138927,138928],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[21,138930,138931,138938,138945],{},[24,138932,256,138933,138937],{},[543,138934,138935],{"href":128817},[61,138936,60480],{}," to break a string into a list",[24,138939,256,138940,138944],{},[543,138941,138942],{"href":136700},[61,138943,41612],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[24,138946,256,138947,138949],{},[61,138948,124301],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[49,138951,1826],{"id":1825},[816,138953,12670,138955,124457],{"id":138954},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[61,138956,124301],{},[14,138958,138959],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[816,138961,138963],{"id":138962},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138965,138966],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[816,138968,138970],{"id":138969},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138972,138973],{},"Use the third argument:",[54,138975,138977],{"className":56,"code":138976,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[61,138978,138979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,138980,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138982,34666],{"class":74},[64,138984,137],{"class":95},[64,138986,34957],{"class":140},[64,138988,144],{"class":95},[64,138990,137727],{"class":140},[64,138992,103],{"class":95},[64,138994,137732],{"class":140},[64,138996,103],{"class":95},[64,138998,5465],{"class":99},[64,139000,150],{"class":95},[816,139002,5135,139004,139006],{"id":139003},"can-replace-remove-text",[61,139005,124301],{}," remove text?",[14,139008,139009],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[54,139011,139013],{"className":56,"code":139012,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[61,139014,139015],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139016,139017,139019,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139018,34666],{"class":74},[64,139020,137],{"class":95},[64,139022,34957],{"class":140},[64,139024,144],{"class":95},[64,139026,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139028,2137],{"class":1422},[64,139030,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139032,103],{"class":95},[64,139034,6095],{"class":1418},[64,139036,150],{"class":95},[816,139038,14857,139040,124466],{"id":139039},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[61,139041,124301],{},[14,139043,129659],{},[49,139045,1865],{"id":1864},[21,139047,139048,139052,139058,139064,139070],{},[24,139049,139050],{},[543,139051,124536],{"href":124298},[24,139053,139054],{},[543,139055,126130,139056,1248],{"href":128817},[61,139057,60480],{},[24,139059,139060],{},[543,139061,126130,139062,1248],{"href":136700},[61,139063,41612],{},[24,139065,139066],{},[543,139067,126130,139068,1248],{"href":123857},[61,139069,123860],{},[24,139071,139072],{},[543,139073,124885],{"href":50934},[1898,139075,139076],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":139078},[139079,139080,139082,139085,139086,139090,139094,139095,139097,139105,139115],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":137680,"depth":78,"text":139081},"What replace() does",{"id":5397,"depth":78,"text":5398,"children":139083},[139084],{"id":17347,"depth":85,"text":17348},{"id":5754,"depth":78,"text":5755},{"id":137895,"depth":78,"text":137896,"children":139087},[139088,139089],{"id":137909,"depth":85,"text":137910},{"id":137990,"depth":85,"text":137991},{"id":138078,"depth":78,"text":138079,"children":139091},[139092,139093],{"id":138087,"depth":85,"text":138088},{"id":138163,"depth":85,"text":138164},{"id":123776,"depth":78,"text":123777},{"id":138359,"depth":78,"text":139096},"What replace() returns",{"id":4482,"depth":78,"text":4483,"children":139098},[139099,139101,139102,139103],{"id":138578,"depth":85,"text":139100},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138722,"depth":85,"text":138723},{"id":138791,"depth":85,"text":138792},{"id":138921,"depth":85,"text":139104},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":139106},[139107,139109,139110,139111,139113],{"id":138954,"depth":85,"text":139108},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138962,"depth":85,"text":138963},{"id":138969,"depth":85,"text":138970},{"id":139003,"depth":85,"text":139112},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139039,"depth":85,"text":139114},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137565,"description":139116},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139123,"title":139124,"body":139125,"description":141144,"extension":1927,"meta":141145,"navigation":81,"path":141146,"seo":141147,"stem":141148,"__hash__":141149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139126,"toc":141108},[139127,139132,139137,139140,139151,139153,139208,139213,139218,139225,139227,139242,139244,139300,139302,139340,139345,139347,139371,139374,139387,139392,139394,139426,139428,139461,139467,139472,139475,139485,139488,139490,139546,139548,139598,139601,139609,139612,139668,139670,139743,139756,139764,139768,139779,139782,139785,139838,139840,139872,139875,139929,139931,139966,139969,139974,139979,139984,139987,139989,140047,140049,140083,140085,140100,140103,140105,140147,140149,140175,140180,140188,140191,140193,140275,140277,140328,140331,140342,140350,140352,140425,140427,140445,140449,140452,140456,140483,140485,140493,140497,140532,140534,140547,140551,140554,140593,140595,140612,140617,140622,140633,140636,140647,140649,140651,140677,140680,140729,140731,140748,140751,140753,140805,140807,140839,140842,140900,140905,140907,140912,141015,141017,141031,141033,141040,141045,141050,141055,141060,141065,141068,141072,141077,141079,141105],[10,139128,123130,139130,11295],{"id":139129},"python-string-split-method",[61,139131,60480],{},[14,139133,123135,139134,139136],{},[61,139135,60480],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139138,139139],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[21,139141,139142,139145,139148],{},[24,139143,139144],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[24,139146,139147],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[24,139149,139150],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[49,139152,52],{"id":51},[54,139154,139156],{"className":56,"code":139155,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[61,139157,139158,139171,139193,139203],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139159,139160,139162,139164,139166,139169],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139161,34645],{"class":74},[64,139163,92],{"class":91},[64,139165,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139167,139168],{"class":1422},"apple,banana,cherry",[64,139170,3321],{"class":1418},[64,139172,139173,139175,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139174,42796],{"class":74},[64,139176,92],{"class":91},[64,139178,42801],{"class":74},[64,139180,137],{"class":95},[64,139182,34426],{"class":140},[64,139184,144],{"class":95},[64,139186,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139188,103],{"class":1422},[64,139190,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139192,150],{"class":95},[64,139194,139195,139197,139199,139201],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,139196,212],{"class":211},[64,139198,144],{"class":95},[64,139200,42828],{"class":140},[64,139202,150],{"class":95},[64,139204,139205],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,139206,139207],{"class":222},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139209,256,139210,139212],{},[61,139211,60480],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[49,139214,3639,139216,3642],{"id":139215},"what-split-does",[61,139217,60480],{},[14,139219,139220,132178,139222,137],{},[61,139221,60480],{},[37,139223,139224],{},"string method",[14,139226,48885],{},[21,139228,139229,139232,139237],{},[24,139230,139231],{},"divides a string into parts",[24,139233,119432,139234],{},[37,139235,139236],{},"new list of strings",[24,139238,119438,139239,139241],{},[37,139240,300],{}," change the original string",[14,139243,318],{},[54,139245,139247],{"className":56,"code":139246,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[61,139248,139249,139262,139276,139280,139290],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139250,139251,139253,139255,139257,139260],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139252,34645],{"class":74},[64,139254,92],{"class":91},[64,139256,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139258,139259],{"class":1422},"red blue green",[64,139261,3321],{"class":1418},[64,139263,139264,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139265,42796],{"class":74},[64,139267,92],{"class":91},[64,139269,42801],{"class":74},[64,139271,137],{"class":95},[64,139273,34426],{"class":140},[64,139275,366],{"class":95},[64,139277,139278],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,139279,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,139281,139282,139284,139286,139288],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,139283,212],{"class":211},[64,139285,144],{"class":95},[64,139287,34666],{"class":140},[64,139289,150],{"class":95},[64,139291,139292,139294,139296,139298],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,139293,212],{"class":211},[64,139295,144],{"class":95},[64,139297,42828],{"class":140},[64,139299,150],{"class":95},[14,139301,2035],{},[54,139303,139305],{"className":56,"code":139304,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[61,139306,139307,139312],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139308,139309],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139310,139311],{"class":74},"red blue green\n",[64,139313,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139315,184],{"class":95},[64,139317,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139319,13058],{"class":1422},[64,139321,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139323,103],{"class":95},[64,139325,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139327,13075],{"class":1422},[64,139329,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139331,103],{"class":95},[64,139333,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139335,17409],{"class":1422},[64,139337,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139339,746],{"class":95},[14,139341,139342,139343,137],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[543,139344,124885],{"href":50934},[49,139346,2120],{"id":2119},[54,139348,139350],{"className":56,"code":139349,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[61,139351,139352],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139353,139354,139356,139358,139360,139362,139364,139366,139369],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139355,61123],{"class":74},[64,139357,137],{"class":95},[64,139359,34426],{"class":140},[64,139361,144],{"class":95},[64,139363,133534],{"class":140},[64,139365,103],{"class":95},[64,139367,139368],{"class":140}," maxsplit",[64,139370,150],{"class":95},[14,139372,139373],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[21,139375,139376,139381],{},[24,139377,139378,139380],{},[61,139379,133534],{}," tells Python where to split",[24,139382,139383,139386],{},[61,139384,139385],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139388,8846,139389,139391],{},[61,139390,133534],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139393,318],{},[54,139395,139397],{"className":56,"code":139396,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[61,139398,139399,139412],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139400,139401,139403,139405,139407,139410],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139402,34645],{"class":74},[64,139404,92],{"class":91},[64,139406,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139408,139409],{"class":1422},"one two three",[64,139411,3321],{"class":1418},[64,139413,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139415,212],{"class":211},[64,139417,144],{"class":95},[64,139419,34666],{"class":140},[64,139421,137],{"class":95},[64,139423,34426],{"class":140},[64,139425,7162],{"class":95},[14,139427,2035],{},[54,139429,139431],{"className":56,"code":139430,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[61,139432,139433],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139434,139435,139437,139439,139441,139443,139445,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457,139459],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139436,184],{"class":95},[64,139438,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139440,6552],{"class":1422},[64,139442,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139444,103],{"class":95},[64,139446,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139448,79220],{"class":1422},[64,139450,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139452,103],{"class":95},[64,139454,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139456,134016],{"class":1422},[64,139458,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139460,746],{"class":95},[49,139462,1654,139464,139466],{"id":139463},"using-split-with-no-separator",[61,139465,60480],{}," with no separator",[14,139468,70124,139469,139471],{},[61,139470,60480],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139473,139474],{},"Whitespace includes:",[21,139476,139477,139479,139482],{},[24,139478,10424],{},[24,139480,139481],{},"tabs",[24,139483,139484],{},"new lines",[14,139486,139487],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139489,318],{},[54,139491,139493],{"className":56,"code":139492,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[61,139494,139495,139518,139532,139536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139496,139497,139499,139501,139503,139506,139509,139511,139513,139516],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139498,34645],{"class":74},[64,139500,92],{"class":91},[64,139502,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139504,139505],{"class":1422},"Python   is",[64,139507,139508],{"class":34410},"\\t",[64,139510,133270],{"class":1422},[64,139512,87102],{"class":34410},[64,139514,139515],{"class":1422},"and useful",[64,139517,3321],{"class":1418},[64,139519,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139521,42796],{"class":74},[64,139523,92],{"class":91},[64,139525,42801],{"class":74},[64,139527,137],{"class":95},[64,139529,34426],{"class":140},[64,139531,366],{"class":95},[64,139533,139534],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,139535,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,139537,139538,139540,139542,139544],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,139539,212],{"class":211},[64,139541,144],{"class":95},[64,139543,42828],{"class":140},[64,139545,150],{"class":95},[14,139547,2035],{},[54,139549,139551],{"className":56,"code":139550,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[61,139552,139553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139554,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569,139571,139573,139575,139577,139579,139581,139583,139585,139587,139589,139591,139594,139596],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139556,184],{"class":95},[64,139558,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139560,7265],{"class":1422},[64,139562,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139564,103],{"class":95},[64,139566,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139568,877],{"class":1422},[64,139570,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139572,103],{"class":95},[64,139574,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139576,133270],{"class":1422},[64,139578,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139580,103],{"class":95},[64,139582,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139584,129895],{"class":1422},[64,139586,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139588,103],{"class":95},[64,139590,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139592,139593],{"class":1422},"useful",[64,139595,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139597,746],{"class":95},[14,139599,139600],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[816,139602,139604,10557,139606],{"id":139603},"split-vs-split",[61,139605,60480],{},[61,139607,139608],{},"split(' ')",[14,139610,139611],{},"These are not the same.",[54,139613,139615],{"className":56,"code":139614,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[61,139616,139617,139630,139634,139648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139618,139619,139621,139623,139625,139628],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139620,34645],{"class":74},[64,139622,92],{"class":91},[64,139624,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139626,139627],{"class":1422},"a  b   c",[64,139629,3321],{"class":1418},[64,139631,139632],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139633,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,139635,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,139637,212],{"class":211},[64,139639,144],{"class":95},[64,139641,34666],{"class":140},[64,139643,137],{"class":95},[64,139645,34426],{"class":140},[64,139647,7162],{"class":95},[64,139649,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,139651,212],{"class":211},[64,139653,144],{"class":95},[64,139655,34666],{"class":140},[64,139657,137],{"class":95},[64,139659,34426],{"class":140},[64,139661,144],{"class":95},[64,139663,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139665,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139667,1737],{"class":95},[14,139669,2035],{},[54,139671,139673],{"className":56,"code":139672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[61,139674,139675,139703],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139676,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139678,184],{"class":95},[64,139680,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139682,543],{"class":1422},[64,139684,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139686,103],{"class":95},[64,139688,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139690,1235],{"class":1422},[64,139692,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139694,103],{"class":95},[64,139696,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139698,9711],{"class":1422},[64,139700,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139702,746],{"class":95},[64,139704,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139706,184],{"class":95},[64,139708,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139710,543],{"class":1422},[64,139712,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139714,103],{"class":95},[64,139716,3802],{"class":1418},[64,139718,103],{"class":95},[64,139720,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139722,1235],{"class":1422},[64,139724,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139726,103],{"class":95},[64,139728,3802],{"class":1418},[64,139730,103],{"class":95},[64,139732,3802],{"class":1418},[64,139734,103],{"class":95},[64,139736,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139738,9711],{"class":1422},[64,139740,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139742,746],{"class":95},[21,139744,139745,139750],{},[24,139746,139747,139749],{},[61,139748,60480],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[24,139751,139752,139755],{},[61,139753,139754],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139757,139758,139759,139763],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[543,139760,126130,139761,1248],{"href":136700},[61,139762,41612],{}," is often useful.",[49,139765,139767],{"id":139766},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139769,139770,139771,2153,139774,2157,139776,137],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[61,139772,139773],{},"\",\"",[61,139775,133369],{},[61,139777,139778],{},"\"::\"",[14,139780,139781],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139783,139784],{},"Example with commas:",[54,139786,139788],{"className":56,"code":139787,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[61,139789,139790,139802,139824,139828],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139791,139792,139794,139796,139798,139800],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139793,34645],{"class":74},[64,139795,92],{"class":91},[64,139797,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139799,139168],{"class":1422},[64,139801,3321],{"class":1418},[64,139803,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139805,42796],{"class":74},[64,139807,92],{"class":91},[64,139809,42801],{"class":74},[64,139811,137],{"class":95},[64,139813,34426],{"class":140},[64,139815,144],{"class":95},[64,139817,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139819,103],{"class":1422},[64,139821,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139823,150],{"class":95},[64,139825,139826],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,139827,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,139829,139830,139832,139834,139836],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,139831,212],{"class":211},[64,139833,144],{"class":95},[64,139835,42828],{"class":140},[64,139837,150],{"class":95},[14,139839,2035],{},[54,139841,139842],{"className":56,"code":78399,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,139843,139844],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139845,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866,139868,139870],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139847,184],{"class":95},[64,139849,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139851,4043],{"class":1422},[64,139853,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139855,103],{"class":95},[64,139857,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139859,4052],{"class":1422},[64,139861,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139863,103],{"class":95},[64,139865,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139867,4061],{"class":1422},[64,139869,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139871,746],{"class":95},[14,139873,139874],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[54,139876,139878],{"className":56,"code":139877,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[61,139879,139880,139893,139915,139919],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139881,139882,139884,139886,139888,139891],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139883,34645],{"class":74},[64,139885,92],{"class":91},[64,139887,3315],{"class":1418},[64,139889,139890],{"class":1422},"2024::10::31",[64,139892,3321],{"class":1418},[64,139894,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,139896,42796],{"class":74},[64,139898,92],{"class":91},[64,139900,42801],{"class":74},[64,139902,137],{"class":95},[64,139904,34426],{"class":140},[64,139906,144],{"class":95},[64,139908,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139910,76616],{"class":1422},[64,139912,1419],{"class":1418},[64,139914,150],{"class":95},[64,139916,139917],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,139918,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,139920,139921,139923,139925,139927],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,139922,212],{"class":211},[64,139924,144],{"class":95},[64,139926,42828],{"class":140},[64,139928,150],{"class":95},[14,139930,2035],{},[54,139932,139934],{"className":56,"code":139933,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[61,139935,139936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139937,139938,139940,139942,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139962,139964],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139939,184],{"class":95},[64,139941,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139943,139944],{"class":1422},"2024",[64,139946,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139948,103],{"class":95},[64,139950,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139952,1432],{"class":1422},[64,139954,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139956,103],{"class":95},[64,139958,3256],{"class":1418},[64,139960,139961],{"class":1422},"31",[64,139963,3261],{"class":1418},[64,139965,746],{"class":95},[14,139967,139968],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139970,139971,139972,137],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[543,139973,128814],{"href":128813},[49,139975,1654,139977],{"id":139976},"using-maxsplit",[61,139978,139385],{},[14,139980,139981,139983],{},[61,139982,139385],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139985,139986],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139988,318],{},[54,139990,139992],{"className":56,"code":139991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[61,139993,139994,140007,140033,140037],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,139995,139996,139998,140000,140002,140005],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139997,34645],{"class":74},[64,139999,92],{"class":91},[64,140001,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140003,140004],{"class":1422},"name:age:city:country",[64,140006,3321],{"class":1418},[64,140008,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140010,42796],{"class":74},[64,140012,92],{"class":91},[64,140014,42801],{"class":74},[64,140016,137],{"class":95},[64,140018,34426],{"class":140},[64,140020,144],{"class":95},[64,140022,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140024,1117],{"class":1422},[64,140026,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140028,103],{"class":95},[64,140030,106],{"class":99},[64,140032,150],{"class":95},[64,140034,140035],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140036,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,140038,140039,140041,140043,140045],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,140040,212],{"class":211},[64,140042,144],{"class":95},[64,140044,42828],{"class":140},[64,140046,150],{"class":95},[14,140048,2035],{},[54,140050,140052],{"className":56,"code":140051,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[61,140053,140054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140055,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140079,140081],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140057,184],{"class":95},[64,140059,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140061,7637],{"class":1422},[64,140063,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140065,103],{"class":95},[64,140067,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140069,9270],{"class":1422},[64,140071,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140073,103],{"class":95},[64,140075,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140077,140078],{"class":1422},"city:country",[64,140080,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140082,746],{"class":95},[14,140084,2142],{},[21,140086,140087,140092,140097],{},[24,140088,140089,140090],{},"Python splits at the first ",[61,140091,1117],{},[24,140093,140094,140095],{},"then splits at the second ",[61,140096,1117],{},[24,140098,140099],{},"then stops",[14,140101,140102],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140104,52039],{},[54,140106,140108],{"className":56,"code":140107,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[61,140109,140110,140123],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140111,140112,140114,140116,140118,140121],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140113,34645],{"class":74},[64,140115,92],{"class":91},[64,140117,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140119,140120],{"class":1422},"apple banana cherry grape",[64,140122,3321],{"class":1418},[64,140124,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140126,212],{"class":211},[64,140128,144],{"class":95},[64,140130,34666],{"class":140},[64,140132,137],{"class":95},[64,140134,34426],{"class":140},[64,140136,144],{"class":95},[64,140138,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140140,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140142,103],{"class":95},[64,140144,5465],{"class":99},[64,140146,1737],{"class":95},[14,140148,2035],{},[54,140150,140152],{"className":56,"code":140151,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[61,140153,140154],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140155,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140171,140173],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140157,184],{"class":95},[64,140159,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140161,4043],{"class":1422},[64,140163,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140165,103],{"class":95},[64,140167,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140169,140170],{"class":1422},"banana cherry grape",[64,140172,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140174,746],{"class":95},[49,140176,3639,140178,11679],{"id":140177},"what-split-returns",[61,140179,60480],{},[14,140181,140182,140183,140185,140186,137],{},"The result of ",[61,140184,60480],{}," is always a ",[37,140187,8064],{},[14,140189,140190],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140192,318],{},[54,140194,140196],{"className":56,"code":140195,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[61,140197,140198,140211,140233,140237,140247,140261],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140199,140200,140202,140204,140206,140209],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140201,34645],{"class":74},[64,140203,92],{"class":91},[64,140205,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140207,140208],{"class":1422},"cat,dog,bird",[64,140210,3321],{"class":1418},[64,140212,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140214,42796],{"class":74},[64,140216,92],{"class":91},[64,140218,42801],{"class":74},[64,140220,137],{"class":95},[64,140222,34426],{"class":140},[64,140224,144],{"class":95},[64,140226,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140228,103],{"class":1422},[64,140230,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140232,150],{"class":95},[64,140234,140235],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140236,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,140238,140239,140241,140243,140245],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,140240,212],{"class":211},[64,140242,144],{"class":95},[64,140244,42828],{"class":140},[64,140246,150],{"class":95},[64,140248,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,140250,212],{"class":211},[64,140252,144],{"class":95},[64,140254,1779],{"class":1778},[64,140256,144],{"class":95},[64,140258,42828],{"class":140},[64,140260,1737],{"class":95},[64,140262,140263,140265,140267,140269,140271,140273],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,140264,212],{"class":211},[64,140266,144],{"class":95},[64,140268,42828],{"class":140},[64,140270,184],{"class":95},[64,140272,187],{"class":99},[64,140274,393],{"class":95},[14,140276,2035],{},[54,140278,140280],{"className":56,"code":140279,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[61,140281,140282,140310,140324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140285,184],{"class":95},[64,140287,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140289,37004],{"class":1422},[64,140291,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140293,103],{"class":95},[64,140295,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140297,58076],{"class":1422},[64,140299,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140301,103],{"class":95},[64,140303,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140305,58093],{"class":1422},[64,140307,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140309,746],{"class":95},[64,140311,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320,140322],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140313,3250],{"class":91},[64,140315,3253],{"class":2029},[64,140317,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140319,8064],{"class":1422},[64,140321,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140323,3264],{"class":91},[64,140325,140326],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140327,85418],{"class":74},[14,140329,140330],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[21,140332,140333,140336,140339],{},[24,140334,140335],{},"loop over it",[24,140337,140338],{},"access items by index",[24,140340,140341],{},"combine items again later",[14,140343,140344,140345,137],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[543,140346,126130,140348,1248],{"href":140347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[61,140349,133212],{},[14,140351,318],{},[54,140353,140355],{"className":56,"code":140354,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[61,140356,140357,140389,140411,140415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140358,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140360,42796],{"class":74},[64,140362,92],{"class":91},[64,140364,112],{"class":95},[64,140366,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140368,37004],{"class":1422},[64,140370,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140372,103],{"class":95},[64,140374,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140376,58076],{"class":1422},[64,140378,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140380,103],{"class":95},[64,140382,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140384,58093],{"class":1422},[64,140386,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140388,746],{"class":95},[64,140390,140391,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407,140409],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140392,34645],{"class":74},[64,140394,92],{"class":91},[64,140396,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140398,1986],{"class":1422},[64,140400,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140402,137],{"class":95},[64,140404,133289],{"class":140},[64,140406,144],{"class":95},[64,140408,42828],{"class":140},[64,140410,150],{"class":95},[64,140412,140413],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140414,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,140416,140417,140419,140421,140423],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,140418,212],{"class":211},[64,140420,144],{"class":95},[64,140422,34666],{"class":140},[64,140424,150],{"class":95},[14,140426,2035],{},[54,140428,140430],{"className":56,"code":140429,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"cat-dog-bird\n",[61,140431,140432],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140433,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140435,37004],{"class":74},[64,140437,1986],{"class":91},[64,140439,58076],{"class":74},[64,140441,1986],{"class":91},[64,140443,140444],{"class":74},"bird\n",[49,140446,140448],{"id":140447},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140450,140451],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[816,140453,140455],{"id":140454},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[54,140457,140459],{"className":56,"code":140458,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[61,140460,140461,140469],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140462,140463,140465,140467],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140464,34645],{"class":74},[64,140466,92],{"class":91},[64,140468,7851],{"class":1418},[64,140470,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140472,212],{"class":211},[64,140474,144],{"class":95},[64,140476,34666],{"class":140},[64,140478,137],{"class":95},[64,140480,34426],{"class":140},[64,140482,7162],{"class":95},[14,140484,2035],{},[54,140486,140487],{"className":56,"code":38254,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,140488,140489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140490,140491],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140492,38254],{"class":95},[816,140494,140496],{"id":140495},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[54,140498,140500],{"className":56,"code":140499,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[61,140501,140502,140510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140503,140504,140506,140508],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140505,34645],{"class":74},[64,140507,92],{"class":91},[64,140509,7851],{"class":1418},[64,140511,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140513,212],{"class":211},[64,140515,144],{"class":95},[64,140517,34666],{"class":140},[64,140519,137],{"class":95},[64,140521,34426],{"class":140},[64,140523,144],{"class":95},[64,140525,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140527,103],{"class":1422},[64,140529,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140531,1737],{"class":95},[14,140533,2035],{},[54,140535,140537],{"className":56,"code":140536,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['']\n",[61,140538,140539],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140540,140541,140543,140545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140542,184],{"class":95},[64,140544,3736],{"class":1418},[64,140546,746],{"class":95},[816,140548,140550],{"id":140549},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140552,140553],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[54,140555,140557],{"className":56,"code":140556,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[61,140558,140559,140571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140560,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140562,34645],{"class":74},[64,140564,92],{"class":91},[64,140566,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140568,3809],{"class":1422},[64,140570,3321],{"class":1418},[64,140572,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140574,212],{"class":211},[64,140576,144],{"class":95},[64,140578,34666],{"class":140},[64,140580,137],{"class":95},[64,140582,34426],{"class":140},[64,140584,144],{"class":95},[64,140586,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140588,103],{"class":1422},[64,140590,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140592,1737],{"class":95},[14,140594,2035],{},[54,140596,140598],{"className":56,"code":140597,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"['hello']\n",[61,140599,140600],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140601,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140603,184],{"class":95},[64,140605,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140607,3809],{"class":1422},[64,140609,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140611,746],{"class":95},[49,140613,4925,140615],{"id":140614},"when-to-use-split",[61,140616,60480],{},[14,140618,256,140619,140621],{},[61,140620,60480],{}," when you need to:",[21,140623,140624,140627,140630],{},[24,140625,140626],{},"split a sentence into words",[24,140628,140629],{},"split comma-separated values",[24,140631,140632],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140634,140635],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[21,140637,140638,140641,140644],{},[24,140639,140640],{},"cleaning text",[24,140642,140643],{},"parsing user input",[24,140645,140646],{},"processing simple file content",[49,140648,1646],{"id":1645},[14,140650,84189],{},[21,140652,140653,140657,140663,140666,140674],{},[24,140654,50464,140655,131350],{},[61,140656,60480],{},[24,140658,140659,140660,140662],{},"forgetting that ",[61,140661,60480],{}," returns a list, not a string",[24,140664,140665],{},"using the wrong separator",[24,140667,140668,140669,140671,140672],{},"assuming ",[61,140670,139608],{}," behaves the same as ",[61,140673,60480],{},[24,140675,140676],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140678,140679],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[54,140681,140683],{"className":56,"code":140682,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[61,140684,140685,140697,140715,140719],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140686,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140688,34645],{"class":74},[64,140690,92],{"class":91},[64,140692,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140694,42789],{"class":1422},[64,140696,3321],{"class":1418},[64,140698,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140700,34666],{"class":74},[64,140702,137],{"class":95},[64,140704,34426],{"class":140},[64,140706,144],{"class":95},[64,140708,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140710,103],{"class":1422},[64,140712,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140714,150],{"class":95},[64,140716,140717],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140718,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,140720,140721,140723,140725,140727],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,140722,212],{"class":211},[64,140724,144],{"class":95},[64,140726,34666],{"class":140},[64,140728,150],{"class":95},[14,140730,2035],{},[54,140732,140734],{"className":56,"code":140733,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a,b,c\n",[61,140735,140736],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140737,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140739,543],{"class":74},[64,140741,103],{"class":95},[64,140743,1235],{"class":74},[64,140745,103],{"class":95},[64,140747,69196],{"class":74},[14,140749,140750],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140752,10779],{},[54,140754,140755],{"className":56,"code":42776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,140756,140757,140769,140791,140795],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140758,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140760,34645],{"class":74},[64,140762,92],{"class":91},[64,140764,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140766,42789],{"class":1422},[64,140768,3321],{"class":1418},[64,140770,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140772,42796],{"class":74},[64,140774,92],{"class":91},[64,140776,42801],{"class":74},[64,140778,137],{"class":95},[64,140780,34426],{"class":140},[64,140782,144],{"class":95},[64,140784,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140786,103],{"class":1422},[64,140788,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140790,150],{"class":95},[64,140792,140793],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140794,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,140796,140797,140799,140801,140803],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,140798,212],{"class":211},[64,140800,144],{"class":95},[64,140802,42828],{"class":140},[64,140804,150],{"class":95},[14,140806,2035],{},[54,140808,140809],{"className":56,"code":42835,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,140810,140811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140812,140813,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833,140835,140837],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140814,184],{"class":95},[64,140816,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140818,543],{"class":1422},[64,140820,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140822,103],{"class":95},[64,140824,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140826,1235],{"class":1422},[64,140828,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140830,103],{"class":95},[64,140832,3256],{"class":1418},[64,140834,9711],{"class":1422},[64,140836,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140838,746],{"class":95},[14,140840,140841],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[54,140843,140845],{"className":56,"code":140844,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[61,140846,140847,140860,140882,140886],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140848,140849,140851,140853,140855,140858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140850,34645],{"class":74},[64,140852,92],{"class":91},[64,140854,3315],{"class":1418},[64,140856,140857],{"class":1422},"apple,banana",[64,140859,3321],{"class":1418},[64,140861,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140863,42796],{"class":74},[64,140865,92],{"class":91},[64,140867,42801],{"class":74},[64,140869,137],{"class":95},[64,140871,34426],{"class":140},[64,140873,144],{"class":95},[64,140875,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140877,103],{"class":1422},[64,140879,1419],{"class":1418},[64,140881,150],{"class":95},[64,140883,140884],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140885,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,140887,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,140889,212],{"class":211},[64,140891,144],{"class":95},[64,140893,42828],{"class":140},[64,140895,184],{"class":95},[64,140897,2021],{"class":99},[64,140899,393],{"class":95},[14,140901,140902,140903,137],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[543,140904,69209],{"href":69208},[816,140906,60659],{"id":60658},[14,140908,8846,140909,140911],{},[61,140910,60480],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[54,140913,140915],{"className":56,"code":140914,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[61,140916,140917,140927,140941,140963,140989],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,140918,140919,140921,140923,140925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140920,212],{"class":211},[64,140922,144],{"class":95},[64,140924,34666],{"class":140},[64,140926,150],{"class":95},[64,140928,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,140930,212],{"class":211},[64,140932,144],{"class":95},[64,140934,34666],{"class":140},[64,140936,137],{"class":95},[64,140938,34426],{"class":140},[64,140940,7162],{"class":95},[64,140942,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959,140961],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,140944,212],{"class":211},[64,140946,144],{"class":95},[64,140948,34666],{"class":140},[64,140950,137],{"class":95},[64,140952,34426],{"class":140},[64,140954,144],{"class":95},[64,140956,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140958,103],{"class":1422},[64,140960,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140962,1737],{"class":95},[64,140964,140965,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,140966,212],{"class":211},[64,140968,144],{"class":95},[64,140970,11134],{"class":211},[64,140972,144],{"class":95},[64,140974,34666],{"class":140},[64,140976,137],{"class":95},[64,140978,34426],{"class":140},[64,140980,144],{"class":95},[64,140982,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140984,103],{"class":1422},[64,140986,3261],{"class":1418},[64,140988,2873],{"class":95},[64,140990,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007,141009,141011,141013],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,140992,212],{"class":211},[64,140994,144],{"class":95},[64,140996,1779],{"class":1778},[64,140998,144],{"class":95},[64,141000,34666],{"class":140},[64,141002,137],{"class":95},[64,141004,34426],{"class":140},[64,141006,144],{"class":95},[64,141008,3261],{"class":1418},[64,141010,103],{"class":1422},[64,141012,3261],{"class":1418},[64,141014,2873],{"class":95},[14,141016,11143],{},[21,141018,141019,141022,141025,141028],{},[24,141020,141021],{},"what the original string looks like",[24,141023,141024],{},"which separator works",[24,141026,141027],{},"how many items were created",[24,141029,141030],{},"that the result is a list",[49,141032,1826],{"id":1825},[816,141034,5145,141036,40,141038,2456],{"id":141035},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[61,141037,60480],{},[61,141039,139608],{},[14,141041,141042,141044],{},[61,141043,60480],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141046,141047,141049],{},[61,141048,139608],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[816,141051,12670,141053,124457],{"id":141052},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[61,141054,60480],{},[14,141056,141057,141058,56431],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[61,141059,60480],{},[816,141061,5107,141063,39918],{"id":141062},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[61,141064,139385],{},[14,141066,141067],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[816,141069,141071],{"id":141070},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141073,29015,141074,141076],{},[61,141075,60480],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[49,141078,1865],{"id":1864},[21,141080,141081,141085,141091,141097,141101],{},[24,141082,141083],{},[543,141084,129735],{"href":128813},[24,141086,141087],{},[543,141088,126130,141089,1248],{"href":140347},[61,141090,133212],{},[24,141092,141093],{},[543,141094,126130,141095,1248],{"href":136700},[61,141096,41612],{},[24,141098,141099],{},[543,141100,124885],{"href":50934},[24,141102,141103],{},[543,141104,69209],{"href":69208},[1898,141106,141107],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":141109},[141110,141111,141113,141114,141119,141120,141122,141124,141129,141131,141134,141143],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":139215,"depth":78,"text":141112},"What split() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":139463,"depth":78,"text":141115,"children":141116},"Using split() with no separator",[141117],{"id":139603,"depth":85,"text":141118},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139766,"depth":78,"text":139767},{"id":139976,"depth":78,"text":141121},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140177,"depth":78,"text":141123},"What split() returns",{"id":140447,"depth":78,"text":140448,"children":141125},[141126,141127,141128],{"id":140454,"depth":85,"text":140455},{"id":140495,"depth":85,"text":140496},{"id":140549,"depth":85,"text":140550},{"id":140614,"depth":78,"text":141130},"When to use split()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":141132},[141133],{"id":60658,"depth":85,"text":60659},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":141135},[141136,141138,141140,141142],{"id":141035,"depth":85,"text":141137},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141052,"depth":85,"text":141139},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141062,"depth":85,"text":141141},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141070,"depth":85,"text":141071},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139124,"description":141144},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141151,"title":141152,"body":141153,"description":143096,"extension":1927,"meta":143097,"navigation":81,"path":143098,"seo":143099,"stem":143100,"__hash__":143101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141154,"toc":143055},[141155,141160,141165,141172,141245,141250,141255,141260,141276,141278,141348,141350,141352,141372,141374,141419,141424,141426,141524,141529,141533,141538,141542,141545,141587,141591,141594,141639,141643,141646,141696,141700,141705,141757,141759,141764,141775,141780,141860,141862,141874,141883,141890,141905,141907,142022,142028,142032,142035,142040,142182,142185,142192,142194,142198,142206,142275,142281,142330,142335,142340,142342,142362,142364,142430,142432,142436,142439,142443,142484,142486,142519,142524,142527,142554,142556,142599,142606,142611,142621,142687,142691,142699,142704,142755,142759,142762,142764,142773,142775,142825,142827,142934,142936,142941,142948,142954,142957,142988,142993,142995,143002,143010,143019,143022,143024,143052],[10,141156,123130,141158,11295],{"id":141157},"python-string-startswith-method",[61,141159,127498],{},[14,141161,123135,141162,141164],{},[61,141163,127498],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141166,126196,141167,2839,141169,141171],{},[61,141168,3567],{},[61,141170,3635],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[54,141173,141175],{"className":56,"code":141174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[61,141176,141177,141190,141194,141219],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141178,141179,141181,141183,141185,141188],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141180,34645],{"class":74},[64,141182,92],{"class":91},[64,141184,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141186,141187],{"class":1422},"Python Beginner Help",[64,141189,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141191,141192],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141193,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,141195,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,141197,212],{"class":211},[64,141199,144],{"class":95},[64,141201,34666],{"class":140},[64,141203,137],{"class":95},[64,141205,141206],{"class":140},"startswith",[64,141208,144],{"class":95},[64,141210,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141212,7265],{"class":1422},[64,141214,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141216,5328],{"class":95},[64,141218,43814],{"class":222},[64,141220,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141238,141240,141242],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,141222,212],{"class":211},[64,141224,144],{"class":95},[64,141226,34666],{"class":140},[64,141228,137],{"class":95},[64,141230,141206],{"class":140},[64,141232,144],{"class":95},[64,141234,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141236,141237],{"class":1422},"Beginner",[64,141239,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141241,5328],{"class":95},[64,141243,141244],{"class":222}," # False\n",[14,141246,256,141247,141249],{},[61,141248,127498],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[49,141251,3639,141253,3642],{"id":141252},"what-startswith-does",[61,141254,127498],{},[14,141256,141257,141259],{},[61,141258,127498],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[21,141261,141262,141265,141271,141273],{},[24,141263,141264],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[24,141266,5113,141267,2839,141269],{},[61,141268,3567],{},[61,141270,3635],{},[24,141272,123273],{},[24,141274,141275],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141277,318],{},[54,141279,141281],{"className":56,"code":141280,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[61,141282,141283,141295,141299,141324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141284,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141286,7846],{"class":74},[64,141288,92],{"class":91},[64,141290,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141292,7265],{"class":1422},[64,141294,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141296,141297],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141298,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,141300,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141318,141320,141322],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,141302,212],{"class":211},[64,141304,144],{"class":95},[64,141306,7637],{"class":140},[64,141308,137],{"class":95},[64,141310,141206],{"class":140},[64,141312,144],{"class":95},[64,141314,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141316,141317],{"class":1422},"Py",[64,141319,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141321,5328],{"class":95},[64,141323,43814],{"class":222},[64,141325,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,141327,212],{"class":211},[64,141329,144],{"class":95},[64,141331,7637],{"class":140},[64,141333,137],{"class":95},[64,141335,141206],{"class":140},[64,141337,144],{"class":95},[64,141339,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141341,128576],{"class":1422},[64,141343,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141345,5328],{"class":95},[64,141347,1106],{"class":222},[49,141349,2120],{"id":2119},[14,141351,42344],{},[54,141353,141355],{"className":56,"code":141354,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[61,141356,141357],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141358,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367,141370],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141360,61123],{"class":74},[64,141362,137],{"class":95},[64,141364,141206],{"class":140},[64,141366,144],{"class":95},[64,141368,141369],{"class":140},"prefix",[64,141371,150],{"class":95},[14,141373,30719],{},[54,141375,141377],{"className":56,"code":141376,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[61,141378,141379,141397],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141380,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393,141395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141382,61123],{"class":74},[64,141384,137],{"class":95},[64,141386,141206],{"class":140},[64,141388,144],{"class":95},[64,141390,141369],{"class":140},[64,141392,103],{"class":95},[64,141394,36009],{"class":140},[64,141396,150],{"class":95},[64,141398,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141400,61123],{"class":74},[64,141402,137],{"class":95},[64,141404,141206],{"class":140},[64,141406,144],{"class":95},[64,141408,141369],{"class":140},[64,141410,103],{"class":95},[64,141412,36009],{"class":140},[64,141414,103],{"class":95},[64,141416,64990],{"class":140},[64,141418,150],{"class":95},[14,141420,20724,141421,141423],{},[61,141422,141369],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141425,318],{},[54,141427,141429],{"className":56,"code":141428,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[61,141430,141431,141443,141447,141472,141496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141432,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141434,34645],{"class":74},[64,141436,92],{"class":91},[64,141438,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141440,60355],{"class":1422},[64,141442,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141444,141445],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141446,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,141448,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,141450,212],{"class":211},[64,141452,144],{"class":95},[64,141454,34666],{"class":140},[64,141456,137],{"class":95},[64,141458,141206],{"class":140},[64,141460,144],{"class":95},[64,141462,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141464,3809],{"class":1422},[64,141466,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141468,5328],{"class":95},[64,141470,141471],{"class":222},"      # True\n",[64,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,141475,212],{"class":211},[64,141477,144],{"class":95},[64,141479,34666],{"class":140},[64,141481,137],{"class":95},[64,141483,141206],{"class":140},[64,141485,144],{"class":95},[64,141487,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141489,60540],{"class":1422},[64,141491,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141493,5328],{"class":95},[64,141495,962],{"class":222},[64,141497,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141518,141520,141522],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,141499,212],{"class":211},[64,141501,144],{"class":95},[64,141503,34666],{"class":140},[64,141505,137],{"class":95},[64,141507,141206],{"class":140},[64,141509,144],{"class":95},[64,141511,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141513,60540],{"class":1422},[64,141515,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141517,103],{"class":95},[64,141519,390],{"class":99},[64,141521,5328],{"class":95},[64,141523,43814],{"class":222},[14,141525,141526,141527,137],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[543,141528,124885],{"href":50934},[49,141530,141532],{"id":141531},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141534,141535,141537],{},[61,141536,127498],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[816,141539,141540],{"id":141369},[61,141541,141369],{},[14,141543,141544],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[54,141546,141548],{"className":56,"code":141547,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[61,141549,141550,141562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141551,141552,141554,141556,141558,141560],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141553,34645],{"class":74},[64,141555,92],{"class":91},[64,141557,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141559,4052],{"class":1422},[64,141561,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141563,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576,141578,141581,141583,141585],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141565,212],{"class":211},[64,141567,144],{"class":95},[64,141569,34666],{"class":140},[64,141571,137],{"class":95},[64,141573,141206],{"class":140},[64,141575,144],{"class":95},[64,141577,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141579,141580],{"class":1422},"ban",[64,141582,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141584,5328],{"class":95},[64,141586,885],{"class":222},[816,141588,141589],{"id":36030},[61,141590,36030],{},[14,141592,141593],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[54,141595,141597],{"className":56,"code":141596,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[61,141598,141599,141611],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141600,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141602,34645],{"class":74},[64,141604,92],{"class":91},[64,141606,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141608,60355],{"class":1422},[64,141610,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141612,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141614,212],{"class":211},[64,141616,144],{"class":95},[64,141618,34666],{"class":140},[64,141620,137],{"class":95},[64,141622,141206],{"class":140},[64,141624,144],{"class":95},[64,141626,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141628,60540],{"class":1422},[64,141630,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141632,103],{"class":95},[64,141634,390],{"class":99},[64,141636,5328],{"class":95},[64,141638,885],{"class":222},[816,141640,141641],{"id":52620},[61,141642,52620],{},[14,141644,141645],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[54,141647,141649],{"className":56,"code":141648,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[61,141650,141651,141663],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141652,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141654,34645],{"class":74},[64,141656,92],{"class":91},[64,141658,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141660,60355],{"class":1422},[64,141662,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141664,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141682,141684,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141666,212],{"class":211},[64,141668,144],{"class":95},[64,141670,34666],{"class":140},[64,141672,137],{"class":95},[64,141674,141206],{"class":140},[64,141676,144],{"class":95},[64,141678,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141680,141681],{"class":1422},"wor",[64,141683,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141685,103],{"class":95},[64,141687,390],{"class":99},[64,141689,103],{"class":95},[64,141691,54095],{"class":99},[64,141693,5328],{"class":95},[64,141695,885],{"class":222},[816,141697,141699],{"id":141698},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141701,141702,141704],{},[61,141703,141369],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[54,141706,141708],{"className":56,"code":141707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[61,141709,141710,141723],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141711,141712,141714,141716,141718,141721],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141713,126213],{"class":74},[64,141715,92],{"class":91},[64,141717,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141719,141720],{"class":1422},"img_001.png",[64,141722,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141724,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141742,141744,141746,141748,141751,141753,141755],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141726,212],{"class":211},[64,141728,144],{"class":95},[64,141730,126231],{"class":140},[64,141732,137],{"class":95},[64,141734,141206],{"class":140},[64,141736,5478],{"class":95},[64,141738,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141740,141741],{"class":1422},"img_",[64,141743,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141745,103],{"class":95},[64,141747,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141749,141750],{"class":1422},"photo_",[64,141752,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141754,51050],{"class":95},[64,141756,885],{"class":222},[49,141758,17372],{"id":17371},[14,141760,141761,141763],{},[61,141762,127498],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[21,141765,141766,141771],{},[24,141767,141768,141770],{},[61,141769,3567],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[24,141772,141773,126815],{},[61,141774,3635],{},[14,141776,141777,141778,7140],{},"This makes it useful in ",[61,141779,6965],{},[54,141781,141783],{"className":56,"code":141782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[61,141784,141785,141799,141803,141824,141839,141845],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141786,141787,141790,141792,141794,141797],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141788,141789],{"class":74},"command ",[64,141791,92],{"class":91},[64,141793,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141795,141796],{"class":1422},"\u002Fhelp",[64,141798,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141800,141801],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141802,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,141804,141805,141807,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,141806,6965],{"class":70},[64,141808,141809],{"class":74}," command",[64,141811,137],{"class":95},[64,141813,141206],{"class":140},[64,141815,144],{"class":95},[64,141817,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141819,127022],{"class":1422},[64,141821,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141823,8312],{"class":95},[64,141825,141826,141828,141830,141832,141835,141837],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,141827,8039],{"class":211},[64,141829,144],{"class":95},[64,141831,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141833,141834],{"class":1422},"This looks like a command.",[64,141836,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141838,150],{"class":95},[64,141840,141841,141843],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,141842,27388],{"class":70},[64,141844,6363],{"class":95},[64,141846,141847,141849,141851,141853,141856,141858],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,141848,8039],{"class":211},[64,141850,144],{"class":95},[64,141852,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141854,141855],{"class":1422},"This is normal text.",[64,141857,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141859,150],{"class":95},[14,141861,2035],{},[54,141863,141865],{"className":56,"code":141864,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This looks like a command.\n",[61,141866,141867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141868,141869,141872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141870,141871],{"class":74},"This looks like a command",[64,141873,122162],{"class":95},[49,141875,1654,141877,8675,141879,40,141881],{"id":141876},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[61,141878,127498],{},[61,141880,36030],{},[61,141882,52620],{},[14,141884,1944,141885,40,141887,141889],{},[61,141886,36030],{},[61,141888,52620],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[21,141891,141892,141897,141902],{},[24,141893,141894,141896],{},[61,141895,36030],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[24,141898,141899,141901],{},[61,141900,52620],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[24,141903,141904],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141906,318],{},[54,141908,141910],{"className":56,"code":141909,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[61,141911,141912,141924,141928,141957,141990],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,141913,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141915,34645],{"class":74},[64,141917,92],{"class":91},[64,141919,3315],{"class":1418},[64,141921,139409],{"class":1422},[64,141923,3321],{"class":1418},[64,141925,141926],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,141927,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,141929,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952,141954],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,141931,212],{"class":211},[64,141933,144],{"class":95},[64,141935,34666],{"class":140},[64,141937,137],{"class":95},[64,141939,141206],{"class":140},[64,141941,144],{"class":95},[64,141943,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141945,79220],{"class":1422},[64,141947,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141949,103],{"class":95},[64,141951,120],{"class":99},[64,141953,5328],{"class":95},[64,141955,141956],{"class":222},"        # True\n",[64,141958,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141986,141988],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,141960,212],{"class":211},[64,141962,144],{"class":95},[64,141964,34666],{"class":140},[64,141966,137],{"class":95},[64,141968,141206],{"class":140},[64,141970,144],{"class":95},[64,141972,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141974,134016],{"class":1422},[64,141976,1419],{"class":1418},[64,141978,103],{"class":95},[64,141980,6329],{"class":99},[64,141982,103],{"class":95},[64,141984,141985],{"class":99}," 13",[64,141987,5328],{"class":95},[64,141989,885],{"class":222},[64,141991,141992,141994,141996,141998,142000,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,141993,212],{"class":211},[64,141995,144],{"class":95},[64,141997,34666],{"class":140},[64,141999,137],{"class":95},[64,142001,141206],{"class":140},[64,142003,144],{"class":95},[64,142005,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142007,134016],{"class":1422},[64,142009,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142011,103],{"class":95},[64,142013,6329],{"class":99},[64,142015,103],{"class":95},[64,142017,30898],{"class":99},[64,142019,5328],{"class":95},[64,142021,4735],{"class":222},[14,142023,142024,142025,142027],{},"In the last example, the ",[61,142026,52620],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[49,142029,142031],{"id":142030},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142033,142034],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142036,142037,142038,49306],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[61,142039,40795],{},[54,142041,142043],{"className":56,"code":142042,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[61,142044,142045,142059,142073,142087,142091,142115,142119,142140,142161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142046,142047,142050,142052,142054,142057],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142048,142049],{"class":74},"filename1 ",[64,142051,92],{"class":91},[64,142053,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142055,142056],{"class":1422},"img_101.jpg",[64,142058,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142060,142061,142064,142066,142068,142071],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142062,142063],{"class":74},"filename2 ",[64,142065,92],{"class":91},[64,142067,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142069,142070],{"class":1422},"photo_202.jpg",[64,142072,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142074,142075,142078,142080,142082,142085],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142076,142077],{"class":74},"filename3 ",[64,142079,92],{"class":91},[64,142081,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142083,142084],{"class":1422},"doc_303.jpg",[64,142086,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142088,142089],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,142090,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142092,142093,142095,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,142094,127425],{"class":74},[64,142096,92],{"class":91},[64,142098,9207],{"class":95},[64,142100,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142102,141741],{"class":1422},[64,142104,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142106,103],{"class":95},[64,142108,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142110,141750],{"class":1422},[64,142112,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142114,150],{"class":95},[64,142116,142117],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,142118,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142120,142121,142123,142125,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,142122,212],{"class":211},[64,142124,144],{"class":95},[64,142126,142127],{"class":140},"filename1",[64,142129,137],{"class":95},[64,142131,141206],{"class":140},[64,142133,144],{"class":95},[64,142135,127477],{"class":140},[64,142137,5328],{"class":95},[64,142139,885],{"class":222},[64,142141,142142,142144,142146,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,142143,212],{"class":211},[64,142145,144],{"class":95},[64,142147,142148],{"class":140},"filename2",[64,142150,137],{"class":95},[64,142152,141206],{"class":140},[64,142154,144],{"class":95},[64,142156,127477],{"class":140},[64,142158,5328],{"class":95},[64,142160,885],{"class":222},[64,142162,142163,142165,142167,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,142164,212],{"class":211},[64,142166,144],{"class":95},[64,142168,142169],{"class":140},"filename3",[64,142171,137],{"class":95},[64,142173,141206],{"class":140},[64,142175,144],{"class":95},[64,142177,127477],{"class":140},[64,142179,5328],{"class":95},[64,142181,4735],{"class":222},[14,142183,142184],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142186,74721,142187,142191],{},[543,142188,126130,142189,1248],{"href":129724},[61,142190,126188],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[49,142193,123777],{"id":123776},[14,142195,142196,123588],{},[61,142197,127498],{},[14,142199,127175,142200,40,142203,127182],{},[61,142201,142202],{},"\"Python\"",[61,142204,142205],{},"\"python\"",[54,142207,142209],{"className":56,"code":142208,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[61,142210,142211,142223,142227,142251],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142212,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142214,34645],{"class":74},[64,142216,92],{"class":91},[64,142218,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142220,7265],{"class":1422},[64,142222,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142224,142225],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142226,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142228,142229,142231,142233,142235,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142230,212],{"class":211},[64,142232,144],{"class":95},[64,142234,34666],{"class":140},[64,142236,137],{"class":95},[64,142238,141206],{"class":140},[64,142240,144],{"class":95},[64,142242,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142244,141317],{"class":1422},[64,142246,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142248,5328],{"class":95},[64,142250,885],{"class":222},[64,142252,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,142254,212],{"class":211},[64,142256,144],{"class":95},[64,142258,34666],{"class":140},[64,142260,137],{"class":95},[64,142262,141206],{"class":140},[64,142264,144],{"class":95},[64,142266,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142268,128576],{"class":1422},[64,142270,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142272,5328],{"class":95},[64,142274,4735],{"class":222},[14,142276,127267,142277,137],{},[543,142278,142279],{"href":123857},[61,142280,123860],{},[54,142282,142284],{"className":56,"code":142283,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[61,142285,142286,142298,142302],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142287,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142289,34645],{"class":74},[64,142291,92],{"class":91},[64,142293,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142295,7265],{"class":1422},[64,142297,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142299,142300],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142301,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142303,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142305,212],{"class":211},[64,142307,144],{"class":95},[64,142309,34666],{"class":140},[64,142311,137],{"class":95},[64,142313,8611],{"class":140},[64,142315,8608],{"class":95},[64,142317,141206],{"class":140},[64,142319,144],{"class":95},[64,142321,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142323,128576],{"class":1422},[64,142325,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142327,5328],{"class":95},[64,142329,885],{"class":222},[49,142331,4925,142333],{"id":142332},"when-to-use-startswith",[61,142334,127498],{},[14,142336,142337,142339],{},[61,142338,127498],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142341,9345],{},[21,142343,142344,142347,142350,142359],{},[24,142345,142346],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[24,142348,142349],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[24,142351,142352,142353,2839,142356],{},"Validating text formats like ",[61,142354,142355],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[61,142357,142358],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[24,142360,142361],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142363,318],{},[54,142365,142367],{"className":56,"code":142366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[61,142368,142369,142382,142386,142415],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142370,142371,142373,142375,142377,142380],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142372,126993],{"class":74},[64,142374,92],{"class":91},[64,142376,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142378,142379],{"class":1422},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[64,142381,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142383,142384],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142385,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142387,142388,142390,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142389,6965],{"class":70},[64,142391,142392],{"class":74}," url",[64,142394,137],{"class":95},[64,142396,141206],{"class":140},[64,142398,5478],{"class":95},[64,142400,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142402,142355],{"class":1422},[64,142404,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142406,103],{"class":95},[64,142408,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142410,142358],{"class":1422},[64,142412,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142414,69513],{"class":95},[64,142416,142417,142419,142421,142423,142426,142428],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,142418,8039],{"class":211},[64,142420,144],{"class":95},[64,142422,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142424,142425],{"class":1422},"This looks like a web URL.",[64,142427,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142429,150],{"class":95},[49,142431,1646],{"id":1645},[14,142433,23048,142434,137],{},[61,142435,127498],{},[816,142437,138570],{"id":142438},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142440,142441,123588],{},[61,142442,127498],{},[54,142444,142446],{"className":56,"code":142445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[61,142447,142448,142460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142449,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142451,34645],{"class":74},[64,142453,92],{"class":91},[64,142455,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142457,7265],{"class":1422},[64,142459,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142461,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142463,212],{"class":211},[64,142465,144],{"class":95},[64,142467,34666],{"class":140},[64,142469,137],{"class":95},[64,142471,141206],{"class":140},[64,142473,144],{"class":95},[64,142475,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142477,58],{"class":1422},[64,142479,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142481,5328],{"class":95},[64,142483,4735],{"class":222},[14,142485,39219],{},[54,142487,142489],{"className":56,"code":142488,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[61,142490,142491],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142492,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142494,212],{"class":211},[64,142496,144],{"class":95},[64,142498,34666],{"class":140},[64,142500,137],{"class":95},[64,142502,8611],{"class":140},[64,142504,8608],{"class":95},[64,142506,141206],{"class":140},[64,142508,144],{"class":95},[64,142510,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142512,58],{"class":1422},[64,142514,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142516,5328],{"class":95},[64,142518,885],{"class":222},[816,142520,29604,142522,137052],{"id":142521},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[61,142523,127498],{},[14,142525,142526],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[54,142528,142530],{"className":56,"code":142529,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[61,142531,142532,142540,142544,142549],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142533,142534,142536,142538],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142535,2411],{"class":74},[64,142537,92],{"class":91},[64,142539,124812],{"class":99},[64,142541,142542],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142543,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142545,142546],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142547,142548],{"class":222},"# This will cause an error:\n",[64,142550,142551],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,142552,142553],{"class":222},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142555,39219],{},[54,142557,142559],{"className":56,"code":142558,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[61,142560,142561,142575],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142562,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142564,2411],{"class":74},[64,142566,92],{"class":91},[64,142568,48862],{"class":1778},[64,142570,144],{"class":95},[64,142572,50204],{"class":99},[64,142574,150],{"class":95},[64,142576,142577,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142578,212],{"class":211},[64,142580,144],{"class":95},[64,142582,2436],{"class":140},[64,142584,137],{"class":95},[64,142586,141206],{"class":140},[64,142588,144],{"class":95},[64,142590,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142592,100],{"class":1422},[64,142594,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142596,5328],{"class":95},[64,142598,885],{"class":222},[816,142600,37161,142602,8675,142604],{"id":142601},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[61,142603,127498],{},[61,142605,3847],{},[14,142607,142608,142610],{},[61,142609,127498],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142612,142613,142614,142616,142617,137],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[61,142615,3847],{}," or methods like ",[543,142618,142619],{"href":124140},[61,142620,124125],{},[54,142622,142624],{"className":56,"code":142623,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[61,142625,142626,142638,142642,142666],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142627,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142629,34645],{"class":74},[64,142631,92],{"class":91},[64,142633,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142635,60355],{"class":1422},[64,142637,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142639,142640],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142641,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142643,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142645,212],{"class":211},[64,142647,144],{"class":95},[64,142649,34666],{"class":140},[64,142651,137],{"class":95},[64,142653,141206],{"class":140},[64,142655,144],{"class":95},[64,142657,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142659,60540],{"class":1422},[64,142661,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142663,5328],{"class":95},[64,142665,4735],{"class":222},[64,142667,142668,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680,142682,142684],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,142669,212],{"class":211},[64,142671,144],{"class":95},[64,142673,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142675,60540],{"class":1422},[64,142677,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142679,21127],{"class":70},[64,142681,42801],{"class":140},[64,142683,219],{"class":95},[64,142685,142686],{"class":222},"           # True\n",[14,142688,135604,142689,137],{},[543,142690,127166],{"href":123385},[816,142692,4668,142694,40,142696,142698],{"id":142693},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[61,142695,36030],{},[61,142697,52620],{}," use index positions",[14,142700,142701,142702,137],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[61,142703,187],{},[54,142705,142707],{"className":56,"code":142706,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[61,142708,142709,142722,142726],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142710,142711,142713,142715,142717,142720],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142712,34645],{"class":74},[64,142714,92],{"class":91},[64,142716,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142718,142719],{"class":1422},"abcdef",[64,142721,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142723,142724],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142725,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,142727,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142729,212],{"class":211},[64,142731,144],{"class":95},[64,142733,34666],{"class":140},[64,142735,137],{"class":95},[64,142737,141206],{"class":140},[64,142739,144],{"class":95},[64,142741,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142743,142744],{"class":1422},"cd",[64,142746,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142748,103],{"class":95},[64,142750,106],{"class":99},[64,142752,5328],{"class":95},[64,142754,885],{"class":222},[816,142756,142758],{"id":142757},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142760,142761],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142763,16596],{},[54,142765,142767],{"className":56,"code":142766,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[61,142768,142769],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142770,142771],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142772,142766],{"class":222},[14,142774,16608],{},[54,142776,142778],{"className":56,"code":142777,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[61,142779,142780,142792],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142781,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142783,34645],{"class":74},[64,142785,92],{"class":91},[64,142787,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142789,7265],{"class":1422},[64,142791,3321],{"class":1418},[64,142793,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142819,142821,142823],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142795,212],{"class":211},[64,142797,144],{"class":95},[64,142799,34666],{"class":140},[64,142801,137],{"class":95},[64,142803,141206],{"class":140},[64,142805,5478],{"class":95},[64,142807,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142809,141317],{"class":1422},[64,142811,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142813,103],{"class":95},[64,142815,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142817,142818],{"class":1422},"Ja",[64,142820,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142822,51050],{"class":95},[64,142824,885],{"class":222},[14,142826,32038],{},[54,142828,142830],{"className":56,"code":142829,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[61,142831,142832,142842,142856,142878,142904],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142833,142834,142836,142838,142840],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142835,212],{"class":211},[64,142837,144],{"class":95},[64,142839,34666],{"class":140},[64,142841,150],{"class":95},[64,142843,142844,142846,142848,142850,142852,142854],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,142845,212],{"class":211},[64,142847,144],{"class":95},[64,142849,1779],{"class":1778},[64,142851,144],{"class":95},[64,142853,34666],{"class":140},[64,142855,1737],{"class":95},[64,142857,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872,142874,142876],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,142859,212],{"class":211},[64,142861,144],{"class":95},[64,142863,34666],{"class":140},[64,142865,137],{"class":95},[64,142867,141206],{"class":140},[64,142869,144],{"class":95},[64,142871,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142873,141317],{"class":1422},[64,142875,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142877,1737],{"class":95},[64,142879,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,142881,212],{"class":211},[64,142883,144],{"class":95},[64,142885,34666],{"class":140},[64,142887,137],{"class":95},[64,142889,8611],{"class":140},[64,142891,8608],{"class":95},[64,142893,141206],{"class":140},[64,142895,144],{"class":95},[64,142897,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142899,128576],{"class":1422},[64,142901,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142903,1737],{"class":95},[64,142905,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920,142922,142924,142926,142928,142930,142932],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,142907,212],{"class":211},[64,142909,144],{"class":95},[64,142911,34666],{"class":140},[64,142913,137],{"class":95},[64,142915,141206],{"class":140},[64,142917,5478],{"class":95},[64,142919,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142921,141317],{"class":1422},[64,142923,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142925,103],{"class":95},[64,142927,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142929,142818],{"class":1422},[64,142931,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142933,2873],{"class":95},[49,142935,1826],{"id":1825},[816,142937,12670,142939,127976],{"id":142938},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[61,142940,127498],{},[14,142942,142943,142944,2839,142946,137],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[61,142945,3567],{},[61,142947,3635],{},[816,142949,5135,142951,142953],{"id":142950},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[61,142952,127498],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142955,142956],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[54,142958,142960],{"className":56,"code":142959,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[61,142961,142962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,142963,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142965,34666],{"class":74},[64,142967,137],{"class":95},[64,142969,141206],{"class":140},[64,142971,5478],{"class":95},[64,142973,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142975,543],{"class":1422},[64,142977,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142979,103],{"class":95},[64,142981,3315],{"class":1418},[64,142983,1235],{"class":1422},[64,142985,1419],{"class":1418},[64,142987,1737],{"class":95},[816,142989,14857,142991,124466],{"id":142990},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[61,142992,127498],{},[14,142994,129659],{},[816,142996,5145,142998,40,143000,2456],{"id":142997},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[61,142999,127498],{},[61,143001,3847],{},[14,143003,143004,143006,143007,143009],{},[61,143005,127498],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[61,143008,3847],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[816,143011,28282,143013,40,143015,8675,143017,2456],{"id":143012},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[61,143014,36030],{},[61,143016,52620],{},[61,143018,127498],{},[14,143020,143021],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[49,143023,1865],{"id":1864},[21,143025,143026,143032,143038,143044,143048],{},[24,143027,143028],{},[543,143029,126130,143030,1248],{"href":129724},[61,143031,126188],{},[24,143033,143034],{},[543,143035,126130,143036,1248],{"href":124140},[61,143037,124125],{},[24,143039,143040],{},[543,143041,126130,143042,1248],{"href":123857},[61,143043,123860],{},[24,143045,143046],{},[543,143047,124529],{"href":123385},[24,143049,143050],{},[543,143051,124885],{"href":50934},[1898,143053,143054],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":143056},[143057,143059,143060,143066,143067,143069,143070,143071,143073,143083,143095],{"id":141252,"depth":78,"text":143058},"What startswith() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":141531,"depth":78,"text":141532,"children":143061},[143062,143063,143064,143065],{"id":141369,"depth":85,"text":141369},{"id":36030,"depth":85,"text":36030},{"id":52620,"depth":85,"text":52620},{"id":141698,"depth":85,"text":141699},{"id":17371,"depth":78,"text":17372},{"id":141876,"depth":78,"text":143068},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142030,"depth":78,"text":142031},{"id":123776,"depth":78,"text":123777},{"id":142332,"depth":78,"text":143072},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":143074},[143075,143076,143078,143080,143082],{"id":142438,"depth":85,"text":138570},{"id":142521,"depth":85,"text":143077},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142601,"depth":85,"text":143079},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142693,"depth":85,"text":143081},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142757,"depth":85,"text":142758},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":143084},[143085,143087,143089,143091,143093],{"id":142938,"depth":85,"text":143086},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142950,"depth":85,"text":143088},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142990,"depth":85,"text":143090},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142997,"depth":85,"text":143092},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143012,"depth":85,"text":143094},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141152,"description":143096},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143103,"title":143104,"body":143105,"description":144559,"extension":1927,"meta":144560,"navigation":81,"path":144561,"seo":144562,"stem":144563,"__hash__":144564},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143106,"toc":144529},[143107,143112,143117,143120,143122,143166,143168,143176,143181,143186,143191,143193,143211,143213,143259,143261,143275,143284,143288,143290,143292,143304,143309,143312,143344,143346,143355,143360,143363,143404,143406,143414,143416,143429,143435,143439,143442,143458,143460,143509,143511,143520,143523,143582,143584,143593,143600,143603,143656,143658,143682,143689,143695,143699,143705,143708,143719,143721,143761,143763,143771,143773,143813,143815,143824,143826,143844,143847,143854,143865,143868,143885,143887,143964,143966,143997,144000,144002,144005,144031,144033,144073,144075,144084,144094,144102,144110,144115,144120,144122,144136,144138,144189,144191,144200,144210,144212,144214,144236,144239,144318,144320,144356,144359,144434,144439,144441,144447,144452,144457,144460,144466,144469,144476,144484,144488,144496,144498,144526],[10,143108,123130,143110,11295],{"id":143109},"python-string-strip-method",[61,143111,41612],{},[14,143113,32273,143114,143116],{},[61,143115,41612],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143118,143119],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[49,143121,3572],{"id":3571},[54,143123,143125],{"className":56,"code":143124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[61,143126,143127,143140,143155],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143128,143129,143131,143133,143135,143138],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143130,34645],{"class":74},[64,143132,92],{"class":91},[64,143134,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143136,143137],{"class":1422},"  hello  ",[64,143139,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143141,143142,143145,143147,143149,143151,143153],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143143,143144],{"class":74},"clean_text ",[64,143146,92],{"class":91},[64,143148,42801],{"class":74},[64,143150,137],{"class":95},[64,143152,8605],{"class":140},[64,143154,366],{"class":95},[64,143156,143157,143159,143161,143164],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,143158,212],{"class":211},[64,143160,144],{"class":95},[64,143162,143163],{"class":140},"clean_text",[64,143165,150],{"class":95},[14,143167,2035],{},[54,143169,143170],{"className":56,"code":138445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,143171,143172],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143173,143174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143175,138445],{"class":74},[14,143177,256,143178,143180],{},[61,143179,41612],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[49,143182,3639,143184,3642],{"id":143183},"what-strip-does",[61,143185,41612],{},[14,143187,143188,143190],{},[61,143189,41612],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143192,13017],{},[21,143194,143195,143199,143202,143205,143208],{},[24,143196,143197,131480],{},[61,143198,41612],{},[24,143200,143201],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[24,143203,143204],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[24,143206,143207],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[24,143209,143210],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143212,318],{},[54,143214,143216],{"className":56,"code":143215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[61,143217,143218,143231,143235,143249],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143219,143220,143222,143224,143226,143229],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143221,34645],{"class":74},[64,143223,92],{"class":91},[64,143225,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143227,143228],{"class":1422},"  hello world  ",[64,143230,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143232,143233],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143234,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,143236,143237,143239,143241,143243,143245,143247],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,143238,212],{"class":211},[64,143240,144],{"class":95},[64,143242,34666],{"class":140},[64,143244,137],{"class":95},[64,143246,8605],{"class":140},[64,143248,7162],{"class":95},[64,143250,143251,143253,143255,143257],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,143252,212],{"class":211},[64,143254,144],{"class":95},[64,143256,34666],{"class":140},[64,143258,150],{"class":95},[14,143260,2035],{},[54,143262,143264],{"className":56,"code":143263,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[61,143265,143266,143270],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143267,143268],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143269,134146],{"class":74},[64,143271,143272],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143273,143274],{"class":74},"  hello world\n",[14,143276,143277,143278,143280,143281,143283],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[61,143279,41612],{},", but the original ",[61,143282,34666],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143285,124882,143286,137],{},[543,143287,124885],{"href":50934},[49,143289,2120],{"id":2119},[14,143291,26442],{},[21,143293,143294,143299],{},[24,143295,143296],{},[61,143297,143298],{},"string.strip()",[24,143300,143301],{},[61,143302,143303],{},"string.strip(chars)",[816,143305,143307],{"id":143306},"stringstrip",[61,143308,143298],{},[14,143310,143311],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[54,143313,143315],{"className":56,"code":143314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[61,143316,143317,143330],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143318,143319,143321,143323,143325,143328],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143320,7846],{"class":74},[64,143322,92],{"class":91},[64,143324,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143326,143327],{"class":1422},"  Alice  ",[64,143329,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143331,143332,143334,143336,143338,143340,143342],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143333,212],{"class":211},[64,143335,144],{"class":95},[64,143337,7637],{"class":140},[64,143339,137],{"class":95},[64,143341,8605],{"class":140},[64,143343,7162],{"class":95},[14,143345,2035],{},[54,143347,143349],{"className":56,"code":143348,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Alice\n",[61,143350,143351],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143352,143353],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143354,143348],{"class":74},[816,143356,143358],{"id":143357},"stringstripchars",[61,143359,143303],{},[14,143361,143362],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[54,143364,143366],{"className":56,"code":143365,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[61,143367,143368,143381],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143369,143370,143372,143374,143376,143379],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143371,34645],{"class":74},[64,143373,92],{"class":91},[64,143375,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143377,143378],{"class":1422},"!!hello??",[64,143380,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143382,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143400,143402],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143384,212],{"class":211},[64,143386,144],{"class":95},[64,143388,34666],{"class":140},[64,143390,137],{"class":95},[64,143392,8605],{"class":140},[64,143394,144],{"class":95},[64,143396,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143398,143399],{"class":1422},"!?",[64,143401,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143403,1737],{"class":95},[14,143405,2035],{},[54,143407,143408],{"className":56,"code":138445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,143409,143410],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143411,143412],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143413,138445],{"class":74},[14,143415,83770],{},[21,143417,143418,143423],{},[24,143419,143420,143422],{},[61,143421,134389],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[24,143424,143425,143426,143428],{},"The order of characters in ",[61,143427,134389],{}," does not matter",[49,143430,143432,143433],{"id":143431},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[61,143434,41612],{},[14,143436,30840,143437,137],{},[61,143438,41612],{},[14,143440,143441],{},"It is useful for:",[21,143443,143444,143449,143452,143455],{},[24,143445,143446,143447,3850],{},"Cleaning ",[61,143448,2919],{},[24,143450,143451],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[24,143453,143454],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[24,143456,143457],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143459,48319],{},[54,143461,143463],{"className":56,"code":143462,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[61,143464,143465,143478,143494,143498],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143466,143467,143469,143471,143473,143476],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143468,7931],{"class":74},[64,143470,92],{"class":91},[64,143472,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143474,143475],{"class":1422},"  sam  ",[64,143477,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143479,143480,143483,143485,143488,143490,143492],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143481,143482],{"class":74},"clean_username ",[64,143484,92],{"class":91},[64,143486,143487],{"class":74}," username",[64,143489,137],{"class":95},[64,143491,8605],{"class":140},[64,143493,366],{"class":95},[64,143495,143496],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,143497,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,143499,143500,143502,143504,143507],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,143501,212],{"class":211},[64,143503,144],{"class":95},[64,143505,143506],{"class":140},"clean_username",[64,143508,150],{"class":95},[14,143510,2035],{},[54,143512,143514],{"className":56,"code":143513,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sam\n",[61,143515,143516],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143517,143518],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143519,143513],{"class":74},[14,143521,143522],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[54,143524,143526],{"className":56,"code":143525,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[61,143527,143528,143541,143545,143567],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143529,143530,143532,143534,143536,143539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143531,136373],{"class":74},[64,143533,92],{"class":91},[64,143535,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143537,143538],{"class":1422}," yes  ",[64,143540,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143542,143543],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143544,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,143546,143547,143549,143551,143553,143555,143557,143559,143561,143563,143565],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,143548,6965],{"class":70},[64,143550,136393],{"class":74},[64,143552,137],{"class":95},[64,143554,8605],{"class":140},[64,143556,7334],{"class":95},[64,143558,6378],{"class":91},[64,143560,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143562,8628],{"class":1422},[64,143564,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143566,6363],{"class":95},[64,143568,143569,143571,143573,143575,143578,143580],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,143570,8039],{"class":211},[64,143572,144],{"class":95},[64,143574,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143576,143577],{"class":1422},"Matched",[64,143579,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143581,150],{"class":95},[14,143583,2035],{},[54,143585,143587],{"className":56,"code":143586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Matched\n",[61,143588,143589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143590,143591],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143592,143586],{"class":74},[14,143594,143595,143596,137],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[543,143597,143599],{"href":143598},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143601,143602],{},"Example with file-style text:",[54,143604,143606],{"className":56,"code":143605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[61,143607,143608,143624,143638],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143609,143610,143613,143615,143617,143620,143622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143611,143612],{"class":74},"line ",[64,143614,92],{"class":91},[64,143616,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143618,143619],{"class":1422},"Python basics",[64,143621,87102],{"class":34410},[64,143623,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143625,143626,143628,143630,143632,143634,143636],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143627,212],{"class":211},[64,143629,144],{"class":95},[64,143631,41738],{"class":211},[64,143633,144],{"class":95},[64,143635,66],{"class":140},[64,143637,1737],{"class":95},[64,143639,143640,143642,143644,143646,143648,143650,143652,143654],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,143641,212],{"class":211},[64,143643,144],{"class":95},[64,143645,41738],{"class":211},[64,143647,144],{"class":95},[64,143649,66],{"class":140},[64,143651,137],{"class":95},[64,143653,8605],{"class":140},[64,143655,6259],{"class":95},[14,143657,2035],{},[54,143659,143661],{"className":56,"code":143660,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[61,143662,143663,143674],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143664,143665,143667,143669,143672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143666,3261],{"class":43288},[64,143668,143619],{"class":43292},[64,143670,87102],{"class":143671},"sfi6f",[64,143673,29654],{"class":43288},[64,143675,143676,143678,143680],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143677,3261],{"class":43288},[64,143679,143619],{"class":43292},[64,143681,29654],{"class":43288},[14,143683,1654,143684,143686,143687,137],{},[61,143685,122344],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[61,143688,87102],{},[14,143690,143691,143692,137],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[543,143693,143694],{"href":87755},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[49,143696,143698],{"id":143697},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143700,143701,143702,137],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[61,143703,143704],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143706,143707],{},"Python will:",[21,143709,143710,143713,143716],{},[24,143711,143712],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[24,143714,143715],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[24,143717,143718],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143720,318],{},[54,143722,143724],{"className":56,"code":143723,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[61,143725,143726,143739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143727,143728,143730,143732,143734,143737],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143729,34645],{"class":74},[64,143731,92],{"class":91},[64,143733,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143735,143736],{"class":1422},"??hello!!",[64,143738,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143740,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749,143751,143753,143755,143757,143759],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143742,212],{"class":211},[64,143744,144],{"class":95},[64,143746,34666],{"class":140},[64,143748,137],{"class":95},[64,143750,8605],{"class":140},[64,143752,144],{"class":95},[64,143754,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143756,143399],{"class":1422},[64,143758,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143760,1737],{"class":95},[14,143762,2035],{},[54,143764,143765],{"className":56,"code":138445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,143766,143767],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143768,143769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143770,138445],{"class":74},[14,143772,52039],{},[54,143774,143776],{"className":56,"code":143775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[61,143777,143778,143791],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143779,143780,143782,143784,143786,143789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143781,34645],{"class":74},[64,143783,92],{"class":91},[64,143785,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143787,143788],{"class":1422},"abcHelloCba",[64,143790,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143792,143793,143795,143797,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807,143809,143811],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143794,212],{"class":211},[64,143796,144],{"class":95},[64,143798,34666],{"class":140},[64,143800,137],{"class":95},[64,143802,8605],{"class":140},[64,143804,144],{"class":95},[64,143806,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143808,41519],{"class":1422},[64,143810,1419],{"class":1418},[64,143812,1737],{"class":95},[14,143814,2035],{},[54,143816,143818],{"className":56,"code":143817,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HelloC\n",[61,143819,143820],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143821,143822],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143823,143817],{"class":74},[14,143825,6204],{},[14,143827,143828,14015,143831,143833,143834,143836,143837,2153,143839,2157,143841,143843],{},[61,143829,143830],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[37,143832,300],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[61,143835,41519],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[61,143838,543],{},[61,143840,1235],{},[61,143842,9711],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143845,143846],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143848,143849,143850,6598],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[543,143851,143852],{"href":129711},[61,143853,124301],{},[49,143855,143857,10557,143859,10557,143862],{"id":143856},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[61,143858,41612],{},[61,143860,143861],{},"lstrip()",[61,143863,143864],{},"rstrip()",[14,143866,143867],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[21,143869,143870,143875,143880],{},[24,143871,143872,143874],{},[61,143873,41612],{}," removes from both ends",[24,143876,143877,143879],{},[61,143878,143861],{}," removes from the left side only",[24,143881,143882,143884],{},[61,143883,143864],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143886,318],{},[54,143888,143890],{"className":56,"code":143889,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[61,143891,143892,143904,143908,143926,143945],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143893,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143895,34645],{"class":74},[64,143897,92],{"class":91},[64,143899,3315],{"class":1418},[64,143901,143137],{"class":1422},[64,143903,3321],{"class":1418},[64,143905,143906],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143907,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,143909,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918,143920,143922,143924],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,143911,212],{"class":211},[64,143913,144],{"class":95},[64,143915,41738],{"class":211},[64,143917,144],{"class":95},[64,143919,34666],{"class":140},[64,143921,137],{"class":95},[64,143923,8605],{"class":140},[64,143925,6259],{"class":95},[64,143927,143928,143930,143932,143934,143936,143938,143940,143943],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,143929,212],{"class":211},[64,143931,144],{"class":95},[64,143933,41738],{"class":211},[64,143935,144],{"class":95},[64,143937,34666],{"class":140},[64,143939,137],{"class":95},[64,143941,143942],{"class":140},"lstrip",[64,143944,6259],{"class":95},[64,143946,143947,143949,143951,143953,143955,143957,143959,143962],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,143948,212],{"class":211},[64,143950,144],{"class":95},[64,143952,41738],{"class":211},[64,143954,144],{"class":95},[64,143956,34666],{"class":140},[64,143958,137],{"class":95},[64,143960,143961],{"class":140},"rstrip",[64,143963,6259],{"class":95},[14,143965,2035],{},[54,143967,143969],{"className":56,"code":143968,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[61,143970,143971,143979,143988],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,143972,143973,143975,143977],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143974,3261],{"class":43288},[64,143976,3809],{"class":43292},[64,143978,29654],{"class":43288},[64,143980,143981,143983,143986],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,143982,3261],{"class":43288},[64,143984,143985],{"class":43292},"hello  ",[64,143987,29654],{"class":43288},[64,143989,143990,143992,143995],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,143991,3261],{"class":43288},[64,143993,143994],{"class":43292},"  hello",[64,143996,29654],{"class":43288},[14,143998,143999],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[49,144001,108310],{"id":108309},[14,144003,144004],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[21,144006,144007,144015,144025,144028],{},[24,144008,144009,144011,144012,144014],{},[61,144010,143830],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[61,144013,41488],{}," once",[24,144016,144017,144018,2153,144020,2157,144022,144024],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[61,144019,543],{},[61,144021,1235],{},[61,144023,9711],{}," from both ends",[24,144026,144027],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[24,144029,144030],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144032,318],{},[54,144034,144036],{"className":56,"code":144035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[61,144037,144038,144051],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144039,144040,144042,144044,144046,144049],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144041,126213],{"class":74},[64,144043,92],{"class":91},[64,144045,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144047,144048],{"class":1422},"txt_report.txt",[64,144050,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144052,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065,144067,144069,144071],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144054,212],{"class":211},[64,144056,144],{"class":95},[64,144058,126231],{"class":140},[64,144060,137],{"class":95},[64,144062,8605],{"class":140},[64,144064,144],{"class":95},[64,144066,1419],{"class":1418},[64,144068,126266],{"class":1422},[64,144070,1419],{"class":1418},[64,144072,1737],{"class":95},[14,144074,2035],{},[54,144076,144078],{"className":56,"code":144077,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"_report\n",[61,144079,144080],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144081,144082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144083,144077],{"class":74},[14,144085,144086,144087,2153,144089,2157,144091,144093],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[61,144088,137],{},[61,144090,63236],{},[61,144092,2137],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144095,53612,144096,4747,144099,144101],{},[61,144097,144098],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[37,144100,300],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144103,144104,144105,144109],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[543,144106,144107],{"href":129711},[61,144108,124301],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[49,144111,4925,144113],{"id":144112},"when-to-use-strip",[61,144114,41612],{},[14,144116,256,144117,144119],{},[61,144118,41612],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144121,36383],{},[21,144123,144124,144128,144130,144133],{},[24,144125,143446,144126,3850],{},[61,144127,2919],{},[24,144129,143451],{},[24,144131,144132],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[24,144134,144135],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144137,318],{},[54,144139,144141],{"className":56,"code":144140,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[61,144142,144143,144157,144161,144174],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144144,144145,144148,144150,144152,144155],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144146,144147],{"class":74},"email ",[64,144149,92],{"class":91},[64,144151,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144153,144154],{"class":1422},"  user@example.com  ",[64,144156,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144158,144159],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144160,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,144162,144163,144165,144168,144170,144172],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144164,6965],{"class":70},[64,144166,144167],{"class":74}," email",[64,144169,137],{"class":95},[64,144171,8605],{"class":140},[64,144173,21548],{"class":95},[64,144175,144176,144178,144180,144182,144185,144187],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144177,8039],{"class":211},[64,144179,144],{"class":95},[64,144181,1419],{"class":1418},[64,144183,144184],{"class":1422},"Email was entered",[64,144186,1419],{"class":1418},[64,144188,150],{"class":95},[14,144190,2035],{},[54,144192,144194],{"className":56,"code":144193,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Email was entered\n",[61,144195,144196],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144197,144198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144199,144193],{"class":74},[14,144201,144202,144203,144205,144206,137],{},"You may also combine ",[61,144204,41612],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[543,144207,144208],{"href":123857},[61,144209,123860],{},[49,144211,1646],{"id":1645},[14,144213,84189],{},[21,144215,144216,144220,144225,144230],{},[24,144217,8423,144218,131350],{},[61,144219,41612],{},[24,144221,8423,144222,144224],{},[61,144223,41612],{}," to remove text from the middle",[24,144226,1654,144227,144229],{},[61,144228,144098],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[24,144231,4668,144232,144235],{},[61,144233,144234],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144237,144238],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[54,144240,144242],{"className":56,"code":144241,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[61,144243,144244,144258,144262,144272,144286,144300],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144245,144246,144248,144250,144252,144254,144256],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144247,34645],{"class":74},[64,144249,92],{"class":91},[64,144251,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144253,143994],{"class":1422},[64,144255,87102],{"class":34410},[64,144257,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144259,144260],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144261,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,144263,144264,144266,144268,144270],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144265,212],{"class":211},[64,144267,144],{"class":95},[64,144269,34666],{"class":140},[64,144271,150],{"class":95},[64,144273,144274,144276,144278,144280,144282,144284],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144275,212],{"class":211},[64,144277,144],{"class":95},[64,144279,41738],{"class":211},[64,144281,144],{"class":95},[64,144283,34666],{"class":140},[64,144285,1737],{"class":95},[64,144287,144288,144290,144292,144294,144296,144298],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,144289,212],{"class":211},[64,144291,144],{"class":95},[64,144293,34666],{"class":140},[64,144295,137],{"class":95},[64,144297,8605],{"class":140},[64,144299,7162],{"class":95},[64,144301,144302,144304,144306,144308,144310,144312,144314,144316],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,144303,212],{"class":211},[64,144305,144],{"class":95},[64,144307,41738],{"class":211},[64,144309,144],{"class":95},[64,144311,34666],{"class":140},[64,144313,137],{"class":95},[64,144315,8605],{"class":140},[64,144317,6259],{"class":95},[14,144319,2035],{},[54,144321,144323],{"className":56,"code":144322,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[61,144324,144325,144330,144334,144344,144348],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144326,144327],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144328,144329],{"class":74},"  hello\n",[64,144331,144332],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144333,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,144335,144336,144338,144340,144342],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144337,3261],{"class":43288},[64,144339,143994],{"class":43292},[64,144341,87102],{"class":143671},[64,144343,29654],{"class":43288},[64,144345,144346],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144347,138445],{"class":74},[64,144349,144350,144352,144354],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,144351,3261],{"class":43288},[64,144353,3809],{"class":43292},[64,144355,29654],{"class":43288},[14,144357,144358],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[54,144360,144362],{"className":56,"code":144361,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[61,144363,144364,144374,144388,144402,144420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144365,144366,144368,144370,144372],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144367,212],{"class":211},[64,144369,144],{"class":95},[64,144371,34666],{"class":140},[64,144373,150],{"class":95},[64,144375,144376,144378,144380,144382,144384,144386],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144377,212],{"class":211},[64,144379,144],{"class":95},[64,144381,41738],{"class":211},[64,144383,144],{"class":95},[64,144385,34666],{"class":140},[64,144387,1737],{"class":95},[64,144389,144390,144392,144394,144396,144398,144400],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144391,212],{"class":211},[64,144393,144],{"class":95},[64,144395,34666],{"class":140},[64,144397,137],{"class":95},[64,144399,8605],{"class":140},[64,144401,7162],{"class":95},[64,144403,144404,144406,144408,144410,144412,144414,144416,144418],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144405,212],{"class":211},[64,144407,144],{"class":95},[64,144409,41738],{"class":211},[64,144411,144],{"class":95},[64,144413,34666],{"class":140},[64,144415,137],{"class":95},[64,144417,8605],{"class":140},[64,144419,6259],{"class":95},[64,144421,144422,144424,144426,144428,144430,144432],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,144423,32108],{"class":211},[64,144425,144],{"class":95},[64,144427,3406],{"class":1778},[64,144429,137],{"class":95},[64,144431,8605],{"class":24704},[64,144433,150],{"class":95},[14,144435,144436,144438],{},[61,144437,122344],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[49,144440,1826],{"id":1825},[816,144442,12670,144444,144446],{"id":144443},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[61,144445,41612],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144448,46323,144449,144451],{},[61,144450,41612],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[816,144453,12670,144455,124457],{"id":144454},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[61,144456,41612],{},[14,144458,144459],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[816,144461,5107,144463,144465],{"id":144462},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[61,144464,41612],{}," remove by default?",[14,144467,144468],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[816,144470,34162,144472,34165,144474,2456],{"id":144471},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[61,144473,41612],{},[61,144475,124301],{},[14,144477,144478,144480,144481,144483],{},[61,144479,41612],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[61,144482,124301],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[816,144485,144487],{"id":144486},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144489,128003,144490,144492,144493,144495],{},[61,144491,143861],{}," for the left side and ",[61,144494,143864],{}," for the right side.",[49,144497,1865],{"id":1864},[21,144499,144500,144506,144512,144517,144522],{},[24,144501,144502],{},[543,144503,126130,144504,1248],{"href":123857},[61,144505,123860],{},[24,144507,144508],{},[543,144509,126130,144510,1248],{"href":129711},[61,144511,124301],{},[24,144513,144514],{},[543,144515,144516],{"href":143598},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[24,144518,144519],{},[543,144520,144521],{"href":87755},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[24,144523,144524],{},[543,144525,124885],{"href":50934},[1898,144527,144528],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":144530},[144531,144532,144534,144538,144540,144541,144543,144544,144546,144547,144558],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":143183,"depth":78,"text":144533},"What strip() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":144535},[144536,144537],{"id":143306,"depth":85,"text":143298},{"id":143357,"depth":85,"text":143303},{"id":143431,"depth":78,"text":144539},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143697,"depth":78,"text":143698},{"id":143856,"depth":78,"text":144542},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108309,"depth":78,"text":108310},{"id":144112,"depth":78,"text":144545},"When to use strip()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":144548},[144549,144551,144553,144555,144557],{"id":144443,"depth":85,"text":144550},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144454,"depth":85,"text":144552},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144462,"depth":85,"text":144554},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144471,"depth":85,"text":144556},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144486,"depth":85,"text":144487},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143104,"description":144559},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144566,"title":144567,"body":144568,"description":145748,"extension":1927,"meta":145749,"navigation":81,"path":145750,"seo":145751,"stem":145752,"__hash__":145753},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144569,"toc":145718},[144570,144575,144580,144585,144587,144633,144641,144646,144660,144666,144668,144670,144685,144687,144697,144700,144731,144734,144757,144759,144762,144819,144821,144835,144837,144851,144857,144862,144865,144906,144908,144917,144925,144928,144973,144975,144984,144987,144991,144996,145010,145012,145044,145046,145066,145069,145074,145079,145081,145092,145095,145152,145154,145162,145171,145173,145175,145181,145183,145220,145222,145230,145232,145273,145275,145284,145289,145294,145296,145323,145330,145333,145364,145366,145375,145381,145390,145421,145423,145435,145448,145452,145457,145487,145489,145556,145558,145568,145570,145575,145578,145583,145588,145592,145598,145604,145607,145609,145667,145669,145677,145679,145715],[10,144571,123130,144573,11295],{"id":144572},"python-string-upper-method",[61,144574,128008],{},[14,144576,123135,144577,144579],{},[61,144578,128008],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144581,84566,144582,144584],{},[61,144583,128008],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[49,144586,52],{"id":51},[54,144588,144590],{"className":56,"code":144589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[61,144591,144592,144604,144618,144628],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144593,144594,144596,144598,144600,144602],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144595,34645],{"class":74},[64,144597,92],{"class":91},[64,144599,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144601,128849],{"class":1422},[64,144603,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144605,144606,144608,144610,144612,144614,144616],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144607,2194],{"class":74},[64,144609,92],{"class":91},[64,144611,42801],{"class":74},[64,144613,137],{"class":95},[64,144615,34435],{"class":140},[64,144617,366],{"class":95},[64,144619,144620,144622,144624,144626],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144621,212],{"class":211},[64,144623,144],{"class":95},[64,144625,2229],{"class":140},[64,144627,150],{"class":95},[64,144629,144630],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144631,144632],{"class":222},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144634,144635,144637,144638,144640],{},[61,144636,128008],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[37,144639,300],{}," change the original string in place.",[49,144642,3639,144644,3642],{"id":144643},"what-upper-does",[61,144645,128008],{},[21,144647,144648,144653,144656,144658],{},[24,144649,144650,144652],{},[61,144651,128008],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[24,144654,144655],{},"It works on string values only",[24,144657,133378],{},[24,144659,136096],{},[14,144661,124882,144662,2839,144664,137],{},[543,144663,136102],{"href":136101},[543,144665,124885],{"href":50934},[49,144667,2120],{"id":2119},[14,144669,2123],{},[54,144671,144673],{"className":56,"code":144672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"string.upper()\n",[61,144674,144675],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144676,144677,144679,144681,144683],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144678,61123],{"class":74},[64,144680,137],{"class":95},[64,144682,34435],{"class":140},[64,144684,366],{"class":95},[14,144686,11432],{},[21,144688,144689,144691,144694],{},[24,144690,97476],{},[24,144692,144693],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[24,144695,144696],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144698,144699],{},"Example with a variable:",[54,144701,144703],{"className":56,"code":144702,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[61,144704,144705,144717],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144706,144707,144709,144711,144713,144715],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144708,7846],{"class":74},[64,144710,92],{"class":91},[64,144712,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144714,58],{"class":1422},[64,144716,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144718,144719,144721,144723,144725,144727,144729],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144720,212],{"class":211},[64,144722,144],{"class":95},[64,144724,7637],{"class":140},[64,144726,137],{"class":95},[64,144728,34435],{"class":140},[64,144730,7162],{"class":95},[14,144732,144733],{},"Example with a string literal:",[54,144735,144737],{"className":56,"code":144736,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[61,144738,144739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144740,144741,144743,144745,144747,144749,144751,144753,144755],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144742,212],{"class":211},[64,144744,144],{"class":95},[64,144746,1419],{"class":1418},[64,144748,3809],{"class":1422},[64,144750,1419],{"class":1418},[64,144752,137],{"class":95},[64,144754,34435],{"class":140},[64,144756,7162],{"class":95},[49,144758,11449],{"id":11448},[14,144760,144761],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[54,144763,144765],{"className":56,"code":144764,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[61,144766,144767,144779,144794,144798,144808],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144768,144769,144771,144773,144775,144777],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144770,6123],{"class":74},[64,144772,92],{"class":91},[64,144774,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144776,4052],{"class":1422},[64,144778,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144780,144781,144784,144786,144788,144790,144792],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144782,144783],{"class":74},"uppercase_word ",[64,144785,92],{"class":91},[64,144787,38338],{"class":74},[64,144789,137],{"class":95},[64,144791,34435],{"class":140},[64,144793,366],{"class":95},[64,144795,144796],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144797,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,144799,144800,144802,144804,144806],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144801,212],{"class":211},[64,144803,144],{"class":95},[64,144805,38348],{"class":140},[64,144807,150],{"class":95},[64,144809,144810,144812,144814,144817],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,144811,212],{"class":211},[64,144813,144],{"class":95},[64,144815,144816],{"class":140},"uppercase_word",[64,144818,150],{"class":95},[14,144820,2035],{},[54,144822,144824],{"className":56,"code":144823,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"banana\nBANANA\n",[61,144825,144826,144830],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144827,144828],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144829,70356],{"class":74},[64,144831,144832],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144833,144834],{"class":34410},"BANANA\n",[14,144836,112416],{},[21,144838,144839,144844],{},[24,144840,144841,144843],{},[61,144842,38348],{}," keeps its original value",[24,144845,144846,144848,144849],{},[61,144847,144816],{}," stores the returned value from ",[61,144850,128008],{},[49,144852,144854,144856],{"id":144853},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[61,144855,128008],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144858,136762,144859,144861],{},[37,144860,136765],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144863,144864],{},"So this method:",[54,144866,144868],{"className":56,"code":144867,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[61,144869,144870,144882,144892,144896],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144871,144872,144874,144876,144878,144880],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144873,7846],{"class":74},[64,144875,92],{"class":91},[64,144877,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144879,17757],{"class":1422},[64,144881,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144883,144884,144886,144888,144890],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144885,7637],{"class":74},[64,144887,137],{"class":95},[64,144889,34435],{"class":140},[64,144891,366],{"class":95},[64,144893,144894],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144895,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,144897,144898,144900,144902,144904],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144899,212],{"class":211},[64,144901,144],{"class":95},[64,144903,7637],{"class":140},[64,144905,150],{"class":95},[14,144907,2035],{},[54,144909,144911],{"className":56,"code":144910,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"alice\n",[61,144912,144913],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144914,144915],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144916,144910],{"class":74},[14,144918,20931,144919,144921,144922,144924],{},[61,144920,128008],{}," was called, ",[61,144923,7637],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144926,144927],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[54,144929,144931],{"className":56,"code":144930,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[61,144932,144933,144945,144959,144963],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144934,144935,144937,144939,144941,144943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144936,7846],{"class":74},[64,144938,92],{"class":91},[64,144940,3315],{"class":1418},[64,144942,17757],{"class":1422},[64,144944,3321],{"class":1418},[64,144946,144947,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,144948,7846],{"class":74},[64,144950,92],{"class":91},[64,144952,35949],{"class":74},[64,144954,137],{"class":95},[64,144956,34435],{"class":140},[64,144958,366],{"class":95},[64,144960,144961],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,144962,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,144964,144965,144967,144969,144971],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,144966,212],{"class":211},[64,144968,144],{"class":95},[64,144970,7637],{"class":140},[64,144972,150],{"class":95},[14,144974,2035],{},[54,144976,144978],{"className":56,"code":144977,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ALICE\n",[61,144979,144980],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,144981,144982],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144983,144977],{"class":34410},[14,144985,144986],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[49,144988,144990],{"id":144989},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144992,144993,144995],{},[61,144994,128008],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[21,144997,144998,145001,145004,145007],{},[24,144999,145000],{},"Numbers stay the same",[24,145002,145003],{},"Spaces stay the same",[24,145005,145006],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[24,145008,145009],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145011,318],{},[54,145013,145015],{"className":56,"code":145014,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[61,145016,145017,145030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145018,145019,145021,145023,145025,145028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145020,34645],{"class":74},[64,145022,92],{"class":91},[64,145024,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145026,145027],{"class":1422},"Room 7, table #3!",[64,145029,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145031,145032,145034,145036,145038,145040,145042],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145033,212],{"class":211},[64,145035,144],{"class":95},[64,145037,34666],{"class":140},[64,145039,137],{"class":95},[64,145041,34435],{"class":140},[64,145043,7162],{"class":95},[14,145045,2035],{},[54,145047,145049],{"className":56,"code":145048,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[61,145050,145051],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145052,145053,145056,145058,145060,145063],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145054,145055],{"class":34410},"ROOM",[64,145057,5962],{"class":99},[64,145059,103],{"class":95},[64,145061,145062],{"class":34410}," TABLE",[64,145064,145065],{"class":222}," #3!\n",[14,145067,145068],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[49,145070,4925,145072],{"id":145071},"when-to-use-upper",[61,145073,128008],{},[14,145075,145076,145078],{},[61,145077,128008],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145080,48297],{},[21,145082,145083,145086,145089],{},[24,145084,145085],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[24,145087,145088],{},"Format labels or headings",[24,145090,145091],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145093,145094],{},"Example: simple comparison",[54,145096,145098],{"className":56,"code":145097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[61,145099,145100,145112,145116,145138],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145101,145102,145104,145106,145108,145110],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145103,136373],{"class":74},[64,145105,92],{"class":91},[64,145107,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145109,8628],{"class":1422},[64,145111,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145113,145114],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145115,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,145117,145118,145120,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130,145132,145134,145136],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,145119,6965],{"class":70},[64,145121,136393],{"class":74},[64,145123,137],{"class":95},[64,145125,34435],{"class":140},[64,145127,7334],{"class":95},[64,145129,6378],{"class":91},[64,145131,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145133,136380],{"class":1422},[64,145135,1419],{"class":1418},[64,145137,6363],{"class":95},[64,145139,145140,145142,145144,145146,145148,145150],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,145141,8039],{"class":211},[64,145143,144],{"class":95},[64,145145,1419],{"class":1418},[64,145147,143577],{"class":1422},[64,145149,1419],{"class":1418},[64,145151,150],{"class":95},[14,145153,2035],{},[54,145155,145156],{"className":56,"code":143586,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,145157,145158],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145159,145160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145161,143586],{"class":74},[14,145163,145164,145165,2153,145167,2157,145169,137],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[61,145166,8628],{},[61,145168,137166],{},[61,145170,136380],{},[49,145172,1646],{"id":1645},[816,145174,95837],{"id":95836},[14,145176,8086,145177,145180],{},[61,145178,145179],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145182,16596],{},[54,145184,145186],{"className":56,"code":145185,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[61,145187,145188,145200,145210],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145189,145190,145192,145194,145196,145198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145191,34645],{"class":74},[64,145193,92],{"class":91},[64,145195,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145197,3809],{"class":1422},[64,145199,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145201,145202,145204,145206,145208],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145203,34666],{"class":74},[64,145205,137],{"class":95},[64,145207,34435],{"class":140},[64,145209,366],{"class":95},[64,145211,145212,145214,145216,145218],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,145213,212],{"class":211},[64,145215,144],{"class":95},[64,145217,34666],{"class":140},[64,145219,150],{"class":95},[14,145221,2035],{},[54,145223,145224],{"className":56,"code":138445,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,145225,145226],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145227,145228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145229,138445],{"class":74},[14,145231,16608],{},[54,145233,145235],{"className":56,"code":145234,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[61,145236,145237,145249,145263],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145238,145239,145241,145243,145245,145247],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145240,34645],{"class":74},[64,145242,92],{"class":91},[64,145244,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145246,3809],{"class":1422},[64,145248,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145250,145251,145253,145255,145257,145259,145261],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145252,34645],{"class":74},[64,145254,92],{"class":91},[64,145256,42801],{"class":74},[64,145258,137],{"class":95},[64,145260,34435],{"class":140},[64,145262,366],{"class":95},[64,145264,145265,145267,145269,145271],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,145266,212],{"class":211},[64,145268,144],{"class":95},[64,145270,34666],{"class":140},[64,145272,150],{"class":95},[14,145274,2035],{},[54,145276,145278],{"className":56,"code":145277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HELLO\n",[61,145279,145280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145281,145282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145283,145277],{"class":34410},[816,145285,18861,145287,137052],{"id":145286},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[61,145288,128008],{},[14,145290,145291,145293],{},[61,145292,128008],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145295,318],{},[54,145297,145299],{"className":56,"code":145298,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[61,145300,145301,145309],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145302,145303,145305,145307],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145304,2181],{"class":74},[64,145306,92],{"class":91},[64,145308,124812],{"class":99},[64,145310,145311,145313,145315,145317,145319,145321],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145312,212],{"class":211},[64,145314,144],{"class":95},[64,145316,2204],{"class":140},[64,145318,137],{"class":95},[64,145320,34435],{"class":140},[64,145322,7162],{"class":95},[14,145324,39611,145325,145327,145328,33557],{},[61,145326,2152],{}," objects do not have an ",[61,145329,128008],{},[14,145331,145332],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[54,145334,145336],{"className":56,"code":145335,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[61,145337,145338,145346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145339,145340,145342,145344],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145341,2181],{"class":74},[64,145343,92],{"class":91},[64,145345,124812],{"class":99},[64,145347,145348,145350,145352,145354,145356,145358,145360,145362],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145349,212],{"class":211},[64,145351,144],{"class":95},[64,145353,3406],{"class":1778},[64,145355,144],{"class":95},[64,145357,2204],{"class":140},[64,145359,8602],{"class":95},[64,145361,34435],{"class":140},[64,145363,7162],{"class":95},[14,145365,2035],{},[54,145367,145369],{"className":56,"code":145368,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"123\n",[61,145370,145371],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145372,145373],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145374,145368],{"class":99},[816,145376,37161,145378,145380],{"id":145377},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[61,145379,128008],{}," with title case",[14,145382,145383,145385,145386,145389],{},[61,145384,128008],{}," makes ",[37,145387,145388],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[54,145391,145393],{"className":56,"code":145392,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[61,145394,145395,145407],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145396,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145398,34645],{"class":74},[64,145400,92],{"class":91},[64,145402,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145404,60355],{"class":1422},[64,145406,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145408,145409,145411,145413,145415,145417,145419],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145410,212],{"class":211},[64,145412,144],{"class":95},[64,145414,34666],{"class":140},[64,145416,137],{"class":95},[64,145418,34435],{"class":140},[64,145420,7162],{"class":95},[14,145422,2035],{},[54,145424,145426],{"className":56,"code":145425,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"HELLO WORLD\n",[61,145427,145428],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145429,145430,145432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145431,136154],{"class":34410},[64,145433,145434],{"class":34410}," WORLD\n",[14,145436,145437,145438,145442,145443,145447],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[543,145439,145440],{"href":123857},[61,145441,123860],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[543,145444,145445],{"href":129711},[61,145446,124301],{}," changes parts of a string.",[49,145449,145451],{"id":145450},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145453,145454,145455,1117],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[61,145456,128008],{},[21,145458,145459,145466,145473,145480],{},[24,145460,145461,145465],{},[543,145462,145463],{"href":123857},[61,145464,123860],{}," for lowercase text",[24,145467,145468,145472],{},[543,145469,145470],{"href":136700},[61,145471,41612],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[24,145474,145475,145479],{},[543,145476,145477],{"href":129711},[61,145478,124301],{}," for changing parts of a string",[24,145481,145482,40,145484,145486],{},[61,145483,127498],{},[61,145485,126188],{}," for checks",[14,145488,318],{},[54,145490,145492],{"className":56,"code":145491,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[61,145493,145494,145506,145510,145525,145541,145545],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145495,145496,145498,145500,145502,145504],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145497,34645],{"class":74},[64,145499,92],{"class":91},[64,145501,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145503,143228],{"class":1422},[64,145505,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145507,145508],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145509,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,145511,145512,145515,145517,145519,145521,145523],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,145513,145514],{"class":74},"cleaned ",[64,145516,92],{"class":91},[64,145518,42801],{"class":74},[64,145520,137],{"class":95},[64,145522,8605],{"class":140},[64,145524,366],{"class":95},[64,145526,145527,145530,145532,145535,145537,145539],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,145528,145529],{"class":74},"loud ",[64,145531,92],{"class":91},[64,145533,145534],{"class":74}," cleaned",[64,145536,137],{"class":95},[64,145538,34435],{"class":140},[64,145540,366],{"class":95},[64,145542,145543],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,145544,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,145546,145547,145549,145551,145554],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,145548,212],{"class":211},[64,145550,144],{"class":95},[64,145552,145553],{"class":140},"loud",[64,145555,150],{"class":95},[14,145557,2035],{},[54,145559,145560],{"className":56,"code":145425,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,145561,145562],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145563,145564,145566],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145565,136154],{"class":34410},[64,145567,145434],{"class":34410},[49,145569,1826],{"id":1825},[816,145571,12670,145573,124457],{"id":145572},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[61,145574,128008],{},[14,145576,145577],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[816,145579,12670,145581,137434],{"id":145580},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[61,145582,128008],{},[14,145584,145585,145586,137],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[61,145587,145179],{},[816,145589,145591],{"id":145590},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145593,145594,145595,145597],{},"They stay the same. ",[61,145596,128008],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[816,145599,28282,145601,145603],{"id":145600},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[61,145602,128008],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145605,145606],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145608,318],{},[54,145610,145612],{"className":56,"code":145611,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[61,145613,145614,145626,145639,145643],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145615,145616,145618,145620,145622,145624],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145617,1186],{"class":74},[64,145619,92],{"class":91},[64,145621,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145623,58],{"class":1422},[64,145625,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145627,145628,145630,145632,145634,145637],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145629,1202],{"class":74},[64,145631,92],{"class":91},[64,145633,3315],{"class":1418},[64,145635,145636],{"class":1422},"PYTHON",[64,145638,3321],{"class":1418},[64,145640,145641],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,145642,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,145644,145645,145647,145649,145651,145653,145655,145657,145659,145661,145663,145665],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,145646,212],{"class":211},[64,145648,144],{"class":95},[64,145650,543],{"class":140},[64,145652,137],{"class":95},[64,145654,34435],{"class":140},[64,145656,7334],{"class":95},[64,145658,6378],{"class":91},[64,145660,2522],{"class":140},[64,145662,137],{"class":95},[64,145664,34435],{"class":140},[64,145666,7162],{"class":95},[14,145668,2035],{},[54,145670,145671],{"className":56,"code":3943,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,145672,145673],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145674,145675],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145676,3943],{"class":3816},[49,145678,1865],{"id":1864},[21,145680,145681,145685,145691,145697,145703,145707,145711],{},[24,145682,145683],{},[543,145684,124885],{"href":50934},[24,145686,145687],{},[543,145688,126130,145689,1248],{"href":123857},[61,145690,123860],{},[24,145692,145693],{},[543,145694,126130,145695,1248],{"href":136700},[61,145696,41612],{},[24,145698,145699],{},[543,145700,126130,145701,1248],{"href":129711},[61,145702,124301],{},[24,145704,145705],{},[543,145706,90632],{"href":89641},[24,145708,145709],{},[543,145710,124529],{"href":123385},[24,145712,145713],{},[543,145714,137520],{"href":136101},[1898,145716,145717],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":145719},[145720,145721,145723,145724,145725,145727,145728,145730,145737,145738,145747],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":144643,"depth":78,"text":145722},"What upper() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":144853,"depth":78,"text":145726},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144989,"depth":78,"text":144990},{"id":145071,"depth":78,"text":145729},"When to use upper()",{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":145731},[145732,145733,145735],{"id":95836,"depth":85,"text":95837},{"id":145286,"depth":85,"text":145734},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145377,"depth":85,"text":145736},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145450,"depth":78,"text":145451},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":145739},[145740,145742,145744,145745],{"id":145572,"depth":85,"text":145741},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145580,"depth":85,"text":145743},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145590,"depth":85,"text":145591},{"id":145600,"depth":85,"text":145746},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144567,"description":145748},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145755,"title":145756,"body":145757,"description":147634,"extension":1927,"meta":147635,"navigation":81,"path":147636,"seo":147637,"stem":147638,"__hash__":147639},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145758,"toc":147584},[145759,145765,145772,145778,145780,145836,145841,145846,145851,145854,145873,145876,145878,145902,145920,145931,145933,145936,145989,145991,145999,146001,146019,146024,146027,146084,146086,146095,146098,146118,146121,146127,146132,146134,146177,146179,146187,146190,146231,146233,146242,146248,146254,146281,146283,146291,146296,146300,146312,146355,146357,146365,146370,146376,146381,146385,146387,146430,146433,146480,146482,146491,146498,146502,146505,146551,146556,146560,146562,146605,146608,146616,146618,146623,146625,146627,146646,146649,146661,146663,146682,146684,146692,146696,146698,146749,146752,146827,146829,146837,146840,146844,146846,146893,146896,146967,146969,146977,146983,146985,147060,147064,147143,147145,147153,147159,147165,147170,147175,147224,147228,147299,147302,147307,147318,147321,147332,147342,147344,147349,147374,147379,147460,147462,147487,147489,147494,147497,147503,147512,147518,147521,147527,147533,147540,147543,147545,147581],[10,145760,1877,145762,3542],{"id":145761},"python-sum-function-explained",[61,145763,145764],{},"sum()",[14,145766,9094,145767,145769,145770,24718],{},[61,145768,145764],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[61,145771,59947],{},[14,145773,145774,145775,145777],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[61,145776,36030],{}," value and a few important limits.",[49,145779,52],{"id":51},[54,145781,145783],{"className":56,"code":145782,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[61,145784,145785,145809,145824],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145786,145787,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145788,1161],{"class":74},[64,145790,92],{"class":91},[64,145792,112],{"class":95},[64,145794,100],{"class":99},[64,145796,103],{"class":95},[64,145798,106],{"class":99},[64,145800,103],{"class":95},[64,145802,743],{"class":99},[64,145804,103],{"class":95},[64,145806,120],{"class":99},[64,145808,746],{"class":95},[64,145810,145811,145813,145815,145818,145820,145822],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145812,41141],{"class":74},[64,145814,92],{"class":91},[64,145816,145817],{"class":211}," sum",[64,145819,144],{"class":95},[64,145821,3611],{"class":140},[64,145823,150],{"class":95},[64,145825,145826,145828,145830,145832,145834],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,145827,212],{"class":211},[64,145829,144],{"class":95},[64,145831,41170],{"class":140},[64,145833,219],{"class":95},[64,145835,1622],{"class":222},[14,145837,256,145838,145840],{},[61,145839,145764],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[49,145842,3639,145844,3642],{"id":145843},"what-sum-does",[61,145845,145764],{},[14,145847,145848,145850],{},[61,145849,145764],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145852,145853],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[21,145855,145856,145859,145862,145867],{},[24,145857,145858],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[24,145860,145861],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[24,145863,145864,145865],{},"Adding numbers from ",[61,145866,36155],{},[24,145868,145869,145870,145872],{},"Counting ",[61,145871,3567],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145874,145875],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[49,145877,2120],{"id":2119},[54,145879,145881],{"className":56,"code":145880,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[61,145882,145883],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145884,145885,145888,145890,145892,145894,145896,145898,145900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145886,145887],{"class":211},"sum",[64,145889,144],{"class":95},[64,145891,3683],{"class":140},[64,145893,103],{"class":95},[64,145895,36009],{"class":9147},[64,145897,92],{"class":91},[64,145899,187],{"class":99},[64,145901,150],{"class":95},[21,145903,145904,145909,145914],{},[24,145905,145906,145908],{},[61,145907,3683],{}," is the group of values to add",[24,145910,145911,145913],{},[61,145912,36030],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[24,145915,145916,145917],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[61,145918,145919],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145921,145922,145923,145926,145927,137],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145924,145925,3683],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[543,145928,145929,24571],{"href":36152},[61,145930,36155],{},[49,145932,11449],{"id":11448},[14,145934,145935],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[54,145937,145939],{"className":56,"code":145938,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[61,145940,145941,145961,145975,145979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145942,145943,145945,145947,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145944,1161],{"class":74},[64,145946,92],{"class":91},[64,145948,112],{"class":95},[64,145950,385],{"class":99},[64,145952,103],{"class":95},[64,145954,5973],{"class":99},[64,145956,103],{"class":95},[64,145958,37893],{"class":99},[64,145960,746],{"class":95},[64,145962,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971,145973],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,145964,41141],{"class":74},[64,145966,92],{"class":91},[64,145968,145817],{"class":211},[64,145970,144],{"class":95},[64,145972,3611],{"class":140},[64,145974,150],{"class":95},[64,145976,145977],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,145978,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,145980,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,145982,212],{"class":211},[64,145984,144],{"class":95},[64,145986,41170],{"class":140},[64,145988,150],{"class":95},[14,145990,2035],{},[54,145992,145993],{"className":56,"code":69790,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,145994,145995],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,145996,145997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145998,69790],{"class":99},[14,146000,11657],{},[21,146002,146003,146008,146014],{},[24,146004,146005,146007],{},[61,146006,3611],{}," contains three integers",[24,146009,146010,146013],{},[61,146011,146012],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[24,146015,146016,146017],{},"The result is stored in ",[61,146018,41170],{},[49,146020,36570,146022,8403],{"id":146021},"using-the-start-value",[61,146023,36030],{},[14,146025,146026],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[54,146028,146030],{"className":56,"code":146029,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[61,146031,146032,146052,146070,146074],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146033,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044,146046,146048,146050],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146035,1161],{"class":74},[64,146037,92],{"class":91},[64,146039,112],{"class":95},[64,146041,100],{"class":99},[64,146043,103],{"class":95},[64,146045,106],{"class":99},[64,146047,103],{"class":95},[64,146049,743],{"class":99},[64,146051,746],{"class":95},[64,146053,146054,146056,146058,146060,146062,146064,146066,146068],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146055,41141],{"class":74},[64,146057,92],{"class":91},[64,146059,145817],{"class":211},[64,146061,144],{"class":95},[64,146063,3611],{"class":140},[64,146065,103],{"class":95},[64,146067,5973],{"class":99},[64,146069,150],{"class":95},[64,146071,146072],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,146073,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,146075,146076,146078,146080,146082],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,146077,212],{"class":211},[64,146079,144],{"class":95},[64,146081,41170],{"class":140},[64,146083,150],{"class":95},[14,146085,2035],{},[54,146087,146089],{"className":56,"code":146088,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"16\n",[61,146090,146091],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146092,146093],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146094,146088],{"class":99},[14,146096,146097],{},"This works like:",[21,146099,146100,146105,146110,146114],{},[24,146101,146102,146103],{},"Start at ",[61,146104,1432],{},[24,146106,146107,146108],{},"Add ",[61,146109,100],{},[24,146111,146107,146112],{},[61,146113,2021],{},[24,146115,146107,146116],{},[61,146117,115],{},[14,146119,146120],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[49,146122,3639,146124,146126],{"id":146123},"what-sum-can-work-with",[61,146125,145764],{}," can work with",[14,146128,146129,146131],{},[61,146130,145764],{}," works with numeric values.",[816,146133,40383],{"id":40382},[54,146135,146137],{"className":56,"code":146136,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[61,146138,146139,146163],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146140,146141,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157,146159,146161],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146142,3786],{"class":74},[64,146144,92],{"class":91},[64,146146,112],{"class":95},[64,146148,100],{"class":99},[64,146150,103],{"class":95},[64,146152,106],{"class":99},[64,146154,103],{"class":95},[64,146156,743],{"class":99},[64,146158,103],{"class":95},[64,146160,120],{"class":99},[64,146162,746],{"class":95},[64,146164,146165,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146166,212],{"class":211},[64,146168,144],{"class":95},[64,146170,145887],{"class":211},[64,146172,144],{"class":95},[64,146174,5325],{"class":140},[64,146176,1737],{"class":95},[14,146178,2035],{},[54,146180,146181],{"className":56,"code":2340,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,146182,146183],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146184,146185],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146186,2340],{"class":99},[816,146188,146189],{"id":52005},"Floats",[54,146191,146193],{"className":56,"code":146192,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[61,146194,146195,146217],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146196,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146210,146212,146215],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146198,82997],{"class":74},[64,146200,92],{"class":91},[64,146202,112],{"class":95},[64,146204,41117],{"class":99},[64,146206,103],{"class":95},[64,146208,146209],{"class":99}," 3.75",[64,146211,103],{"class":95},[64,146213,146214],{"class":99}," 1.25",[64,146216,746],{"class":95},[64,146218,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227,146229],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146220,212],{"class":211},[64,146222,144],{"class":95},[64,146224,145887],{"class":211},[64,146226,144],{"class":95},[64,146228,83033],{"class":140},[64,146230,1737],{"class":95},[14,146232,2035],{},[54,146234,146236],{"className":56,"code":146235,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"7.5\n",[61,146237,146238],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146239,146240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146241,146235],{"class":99},[14,146243,146244,146245,137],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[543,146246,146247],{"href":2383},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[816,146249,146251,146252],{"id":146250},"values-from-range","Values from ",[61,146253,36155],{},[54,146255,146257],{"className":56,"code":146256,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[61,146258,146259],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146260,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146262,212],{"class":211},[64,146264,144],{"class":95},[64,146266,145887],{"class":211},[64,146268,144],{"class":95},[64,146270,59947],{"class":211},[64,146272,144],{"class":95},[64,146274,100],{"class":99},[64,146276,103],{"class":95},[64,146278,390],{"class":99},[64,146280,2873],{"class":95},[14,146282,2035],{},[54,146284,146285],{"className":56,"code":46999,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,146286,146287],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146288,146289],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146290,46999],{"class":99},[14,146292,113506,146293,137],{},[61,146294,146295],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[816,146297,146299],{"id":146298},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146301,146302,146303,146305,146306,40,146308,146305,146310,137],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[61,146304,3567],{}," acts like ",[61,146307,100],{},[61,146309,3635],{},[61,146311,187],{},[54,146313,146315],{"className":56,"code":146314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[61,146316,146317,146341],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146318,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146320,51925],{"class":74},[64,146322,92],{"class":91},[64,146324,112],{"class":95},[64,146326,3567],{"class":3816},[64,146328,103],{"class":95},[64,146330,3870],{"class":3816},[64,146332,103],{"class":95},[64,146334,3879],{"class":3816},[64,146336,103],{"class":95},[64,146338,3879],{"class":3816},[64,146340,746],{"class":95},[64,146342,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146344,212],{"class":211},[64,146346,144],{"class":95},[64,146348,145887],{"class":211},[64,146350,144],{"class":95},[64,146352,51978],{"class":140},[64,146354,1737],{"class":95},[14,146356,2035],{},[54,146358,146359],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,146360,146361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146362,146363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146364,46575],{"class":99},[14,146366,146367,146368,137],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[61,146369,3567],{},[49,146371,3639,146373,146375],{"id":146372},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[61,146374,145764],{}," does not work with",[14,146377,146378,146380],{},[61,146379,145764],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[816,146382,146384],{"id":146383},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146386,2797],{},[54,146388,146390],{"className":56,"code":146389,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[61,146391,146392,146416],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146393,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146395,4034],{"class":74},[64,146397,92],{"class":91},[64,146399,112],{"class":95},[64,146401,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146403,3809],{"class":1422},[64,146405,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146407,103],{"class":95},[64,146409,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146411,60540],{"class":1422},[64,146413,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146415,746],{"class":95},[64,146417,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146419,212],{"class":211},[64,146421,144],{"class":95},[64,146423,145887],{"class":211},[64,146425,144],{"class":95},[64,146427,4078],{"class":140},[64,146429,1737],{"class":95},[14,146431,146432],{},"Use string joining instead:",[54,146434,146436],{"className":56,"code":146435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[61,146437,146438,146462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146439,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146441,4034],{"class":74},[64,146443,92],{"class":91},[64,146445,112],{"class":95},[64,146447,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146449,3809],{"class":1422},[64,146451,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146453,103],{"class":95},[64,146455,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146457,60540],{"class":1422},[64,146459,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146461,746],{"class":95},[64,146463,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146465,212],{"class":211},[64,146467,144],{"class":95},[64,146469,6241],{"class":1418},[64,146471,137],{"class":95},[64,146473,133289],{"class":140},[64,146475,144],{"class":95},[64,146477,4078],{"class":140},[64,146479,1737],{"class":95},[14,146481,2035],{},[54,146483,146485],{"className":56,"code":146484,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"helloworld\n",[61,146486,146487],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146488,146489],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146490,146484],{"class":74},[14,146492,146493,146494,137],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[543,146495,146496,5751],{"href":42134},[61,146497,47641],{},[816,146499,146501],{"id":146500},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146503,146504],{},"This also causes an error:",[54,146506,146508],{"className":56,"code":146507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[61,146509,146510,146537],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146511,146512,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146513,146514],{"class":74},"lists ",[64,146516,92],{"class":91},[64,146518,96],{"class":95},[64,146520,100],{"class":99},[64,146522,103],{"class":95},[64,146524,106],{"class":99},[64,146526,109],{"class":95},[64,146528,112],{"class":95},[64,146530,115],{"class":99},[64,146532,103],{"class":95},[64,146534,120],{"class":99},[64,146536,123],{"class":95},[64,146538,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146540,212],{"class":211},[64,146542,144],{"class":95},[64,146544,145887],{"class":211},[64,146546,144],{"class":95},[64,146548,5266],{"class":140},[64,146550,1737],{"class":95},[14,146552,146553,146555],{},[61,146554,145764],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[816,146557,146559],{"id":146558},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146561,5439],{},[54,146563,146565],{"className":56,"code":146564,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[61,146566,146567,146591],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146568,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146570,3786],{"class":74},[64,146572,92],{"class":91},[64,146574,112],{"class":95},[64,146576,100],{"class":99},[64,146578,103],{"class":95},[64,146580,106],{"class":99},[64,146582,103],{"class":95},[64,146584,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146586,115],{"class":1422},[64,146588,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146590,746],{"class":95},[64,146592,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146594,212],{"class":211},[64,146596,144],{"class":95},[64,146598,145887],{"class":211},[64,146600,144],{"class":95},[64,146602,5325],{"class":140},[64,146604,1737],{"class":95},[14,146606,146607],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146609,146610,146611,146613,146614,137],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[61,146612,65895],{},", convert them first. See ",[543,146615,2924],{"href":2923},[49,146617,41463],{"id":41462},[14,146619,146620,146621,137],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[61,146622,145764],{},[816,146624,6491],{"id":6490},[14,146626,4490],{},[54,146628,146630],{"className":56,"code":146629,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum(5))\n",[61,146631,146632],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146633,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146635,212],{"class":211},[64,146637,144],{"class":95},[64,146639,145887],{"class":211},[64,146641,144],{"class":95},[64,146643,385],{"class":99},[64,146645,1737],{"class":95},[14,146647,146648],{},"Why it fails:",[21,146650,146651,146656],{},[24,146652,146653,146655],{},[61,146654,385],{}," is a single integer",[24,146657,146658,146660],{},[61,146659,145764],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146662,6521],{},[54,146664,146666],{"className":56,"code":146665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(sum([5]))\n",[61,146667,146668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146669,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146671,212],{"class":211},[64,146673,144],{"class":95},[64,146675,145887],{"class":211},[64,146677,382],{"class":95},[64,146679,385],{"class":99},[64,146681,1769],{"class":95},[14,146683,2035],{},[54,146685,146686],{"className":56,"code":2908,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,146687,146688],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146689,146690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146691,2908],{"class":99},[816,146693,146695],{"id":146694},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146697,4490],{},[54,146699,146701],{"className":56,"code":146700,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[61,146702,146703,146735],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146704,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146706,3786],{"class":74},[64,146708,92],{"class":91},[64,146710,112],{"class":95},[64,146712,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146714,100],{"class":1422},[64,146716,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146718,103],{"class":95},[64,146720,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146722,2021],{"class":1422},[64,146724,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146726,103],{"class":95},[64,146728,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146730,115],{"class":1422},[64,146732,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146734,746],{"class":95},[64,146736,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146738,212],{"class":211},[64,146740,144],{"class":95},[64,146742,145887],{"class":211},[64,146744,144],{"class":95},[64,146746,5325],{"class":140},[64,146748,1737],{"class":95},[14,146750,146751],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[54,146753,146755],{"className":56,"code":146754,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[61,146756,146757,146789,146817],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146758,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146760,3786],{"class":74},[64,146762,92],{"class":91},[64,146764,112],{"class":95},[64,146766,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146768,100],{"class":1422},[64,146770,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146772,103],{"class":95},[64,146774,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146776,2021],{"class":1422},[64,146778,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146780,103],{"class":95},[64,146782,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146784,115],{"class":1422},[64,146786,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146788,746],{"class":95},[64,146790,146791,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146792,41141],{"class":74},[64,146794,92],{"class":91},[64,146796,145817],{"class":211},[64,146798,144],{"class":95},[64,146800,2152],{"class":1778},[64,146802,144],{"class":95},[64,146804,2137],{"class":140},[64,146806,219],{"class":95},[64,146808,3841],{"class":70},[64,146810,3844],{"class":140},[64,146812,3847],{"class":70},[64,146814,3850],{"class":140},[64,146816,150],{"class":95},[64,146818,146819,146821,146823,146825],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,146820,212],{"class":211},[64,146822,144],{"class":95},[64,146824,41170],{"class":140},[64,146826,150],{"class":95},[14,146828,2035],{},[54,146830,146831],{"className":56,"code":2616,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,146832,146833],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146834,146835],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146836,2616],{"class":99},[14,146838,146839],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[816,146841,146843],{"id":146842},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146845,4490],{},[54,146847,146849],{"className":56,"code":146848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[61,146850,146851,146879],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146852,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146854,3786],{"class":74},[64,146856,92],{"class":91},[64,146858,112],{"class":95},[64,146860,100],{"class":99},[64,146862,103],{"class":95},[64,146864,106],{"class":99},[64,146866,103],{"class":95},[64,146868,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146870,115],{"class":1422},[64,146872,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146874,103],{"class":95},[64,146876,120],{"class":99},[64,146878,746],{"class":95},[64,146880,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146882,212],{"class":211},[64,146884,144],{"class":95},[64,146886,145887],{"class":211},[64,146888,144],{"class":95},[64,146890,5325],{"class":140},[64,146892,1737],{"class":95},[14,146894,146895],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[54,146897,146899],{"className":56,"code":146898,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[61,146900,146901,146929,146957],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146902,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146904,3786],{"class":74},[64,146906,92],{"class":91},[64,146908,112],{"class":95},[64,146910,100],{"class":99},[64,146912,103],{"class":95},[64,146914,106],{"class":99},[64,146916,103],{"class":95},[64,146918,3315],{"class":1418},[64,146920,115],{"class":1422},[64,146922,1419],{"class":1418},[64,146924,103],{"class":95},[64,146926,120],{"class":99},[64,146928,746],{"class":95},[64,146930,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,146932,41141],{"class":74},[64,146934,92],{"class":91},[64,146936,145817],{"class":211},[64,146938,144],{"class":95},[64,146940,2152],{"class":1778},[64,146942,144],{"class":95},[64,146944,2137],{"class":140},[64,146946,219],{"class":95},[64,146948,3841],{"class":70},[64,146950,3844],{"class":140},[64,146952,3847],{"class":70},[64,146954,3850],{"class":140},[64,146956,150],{"class":95},[64,146958,146959,146961,146963,146965],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,146960,212],{"class":211},[64,146962,144],{"class":95},[64,146964,41170],{"class":140},[64,146966,150],{"class":95},[14,146968,2035],{},[54,146970,146971],{"className":56,"code":2340,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,146972,146973],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146974,146975],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146976,2340],{"class":99},[816,146978,1654,146980,146982],{"id":146979},"using-sum-to-join-text",[61,146981,145764],{}," to join text",[14,146984,4490],{},[54,146986,146988],{"className":56,"code":146987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[61,146989,146990,147046],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,146991,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146993,36048],{"class":74},[64,146995,92],{"class":91},[64,146997,112],{"class":95},[64,146999,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147001,133888],{"class":1422},[64,147003,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147005,103],{"class":95},[64,147007,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147009,11719],{"class":1422},[64,147011,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147013,103],{"class":95},[64,147015,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147017,63236],{"class":1422},[64,147019,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147021,103],{"class":95},[64,147023,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147025,60387],{"class":1422},[64,147027,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147029,103],{"class":95},[64,147031,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147033,60422],{"class":1422},[64,147035,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147037,103],{"class":95},[64,147039,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147041,75979],{"class":1422},[64,147043,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147045,746],{"class":95},[64,147047,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147049,212],{"class":211},[64,147051,144],{"class":95},[64,147053,145887],{"class":211},[64,147055,144],{"class":95},[64,147057,36101],{"class":140},[64,147059,1737],{"class":95},[14,147061,256,147062,60481],{},[61,147063,133212],{},[54,147065,147067],{"className":56,"code":147066,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[61,147068,147069,147125],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147070,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147072,36048],{"class":74},[64,147074,92],{"class":91},[64,147076,112],{"class":95},[64,147078,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147080,133888],{"class":1422},[64,147082,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147084,103],{"class":95},[64,147086,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147088,11719],{"class":1422},[64,147090,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147092,103],{"class":95},[64,147094,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147096,63236],{"class":1422},[64,147098,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147100,103],{"class":95},[64,147102,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147104,60387],{"class":1422},[64,147106,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147108,103],{"class":95},[64,147110,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147112,60422],{"class":1422},[64,147114,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147116,103],{"class":95},[64,147118,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147120,75979],{"class":1422},[64,147122,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147124,746],{"class":95},[64,147126,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147128,212],{"class":211},[64,147130,144],{"class":95},[64,147132,6241],{"class":1418},[64,147134,137],{"class":95},[64,147136,133289],{"class":140},[64,147138,144],{"class":95},[64,147140,36101],{"class":140},[64,147142,1737],{"class":95},[14,147144,2035],{},[54,147146,147147],{"className":56,"code":133969,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,147148,147149],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147150,147151],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147152,133969],{"class":74},[14,147154,147155,147156,137],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[543,147157,147158],{"href":135050},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[49,147160,147162,147164],{"id":147161},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[61,147163,145764],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147166,147167,147169],{},[61,147168,145764],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[816,147171,1654,147173],{"id":147172},"using-sum",[61,147174,145764],{},[54,147176,147178],{"className":56,"code":147177,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[61,147179,147180,147200,147214],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147181,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147183,1161],{"class":74},[64,147185,92],{"class":91},[64,147187,112],{"class":95},[64,147189,772],{"class":99},[64,147191,103],{"class":95},[64,147193,5962],{"class":99},[64,147195,103],{"class":95},[64,147197,54095],{"class":99},[64,147199,746],{"class":95},[64,147201,147202,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147203,41141],{"class":74},[64,147205,92],{"class":91},[64,147207,145817],{"class":211},[64,147209,144],{"class":95},[64,147211,3611],{"class":140},[64,147213,150],{"class":95},[64,147215,147216,147218,147220,147222],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,147217,212],{"class":211},[64,147219,144],{"class":95},[64,147221,41170],{"class":140},[64,147223,150],{"class":95},[816,147225,147227],{"id":147226},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[54,147229,147231],{"className":56,"code":147230,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[61,147232,147233,147253,147261,147265,147277,147285,147289],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147234,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147236,1161],{"class":74},[64,147238,92],{"class":91},[64,147240,112],{"class":95},[64,147242,772],{"class":99},[64,147244,103],{"class":95},[64,147246,5962],{"class":99},[64,147248,103],{"class":95},[64,147250,54095],{"class":99},[64,147252,746],{"class":95},[64,147254,147255,147257,147259],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147256,41141],{"class":74},[64,147258,92],{"class":91},[64,147260,38470],{"class":99},[64,147262,147263],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,147264,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,147266,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,147268,5926],{"class":70},[64,147270,6356],{"class":74},[64,147272,3847],{"class":70},[64,147274,1191],{"class":74},[64,147276,6363],{"class":95},[64,147278,147279,147281,147283],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,147280,90056],{"class":74},[64,147282,90059],{"class":91},[64,147284,90062],{"class":74},[64,147286,147287],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,147288,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,147290,147291,147293,147295,147297],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,147292,212],{"class":211},[64,147294,144],{"class":95},[64,147296,41170],{"class":140},[64,147298,150],{"class":95},[14,147300,147301],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147303,2452,147304,147306],{},[61,147305,145764],{}," is often better:",[21,147308,147309,147312,147315],{},[24,147310,147311],{},"Shorter code",[24,147313,147314],{},"Easier to read",[24,147316,147317],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147319,147320],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[21,147322,147323,147326,147329],{},[24,147324,147325],{},"You need to skip some values",[24,147327,147328],{},"You need extra checks",[24,147330,147331],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147333,147334,147335,147338,147339,147341],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[543,147336,147337],{"href":39966},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[61,147340,145764],{}," on the filtered result.",[49,147343,1646],{"id":1645},[14,147345,147346,147347,1117],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[61,147348,145764],{},[21,147350,147351,147357,147364,147371],{},[24,147352,147353,147354],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[61,147355,147356],{},"sum(5)",[24,147358,147359,147360,147363],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[61,147361,147362],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[24,147365,1654,147366,147368,147369],{},[61,147367,145764],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[61,147370,133212],{},[24,147372,147373],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147375,8846,147376,147378],{},[61,147377,145764],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[54,147380,147382],{"className":56,"code":147381,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[61,147383,147384,147394,147408,147432],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147385,147386,147388,147390,147392],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147387,212],{"class":211},[64,147389,144],{"class":95},[64,147391,5325],{"class":140},[64,147393,150],{"class":95},[64,147395,147396,147398,147400,147402,147404,147406],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147397,212],{"class":211},[64,147399,144],{"class":95},[64,147401,1779],{"class":1778},[64,147403,144],{"class":95},[64,147405,5325],{"class":140},[64,147407,1737],{"class":95},[64,147409,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,147411,212],{"class":211},[64,147413,382],{"class":95},[64,147415,1779],{"class":1778},[64,147417,144],{"class":95},[64,147419,2137],{"class":140},[64,147421,219],{"class":95},[64,147423,3841],{"class":70},[64,147425,3844],{"class":140},[64,147427,3847],{"class":70},[64,147429,3850],{"class":140},[64,147431,393],{"class":95},[64,147433,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,147435,212],{"class":211},[64,147437,144],{"class":95},[64,147439,145887],{"class":211},[64,147441,382],{"class":95},[64,147443,2152],{"class":1778},[64,147445,144],{"class":95},[64,147447,2137],{"class":140},[64,147449,219],{"class":95},[64,147451,3841],{"class":70},[64,147453,3844],{"class":140},[64,147455,3847],{"class":70},[64,147457,3850],{"class":140},[64,147459,1769],{"class":95},[14,147461,135783],{},[21,147463,147464,147470,147476,147481],{},[24,147465,147466,147469],{},[61,147467,147468],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[24,147471,147472,147475],{},[61,147473,147474],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[24,147477,147478,135805],{},[61,147479,147480],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[24,147482,147483,147486],{},[61,147484,147485],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[49,147488,1826],{"id":1825},[816,147490,5107,147492,5110],{"id":147491},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[61,147493,145764],{},[14,147495,147496],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[816,147498,5135,147500,147502],{"id":147499},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[61,147501,145764],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147504,30225,147505,2839,147508,147511],{},[61,147506,147507],{},"''.join(...)",[61,147509,147510],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[816,147513,5135,147515,147517],{"id":147514},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[61,147516,145764],{}," work with floats?",[14,147519,147520],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[816,147522,147524,147525,2456],{"id":147523},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[61,147526,145764],{},[14,147528,147529,147530,147532],{},"It is the optional ",[61,147531,36030],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[816,147534,5123,147536,119168,147538,2456],{"id":147535},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[61,147537,145764],{},[61,147539,2964],{},[14,147541,147542],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[49,147544,1865],{"id":1864},[21,147546,147547,147551,147557,147563,147569,147573,147577],{},[24,147548,147549],{},[543,147550,146247],{"href":2383},[24,147552,147553],{},[543,147554,1877,147555,3472],{"href":36152},[61,147556,36155],{},[24,147558,147559],{},[543,147560,1877,147561,3472],{"href":42317},[61,147562,42320],{},[24,147564,147565],{},[543,147566,1877,147567,3472],{"href":42134},[61,147568,47641],{},[24,147570,147571],{},[543,147572,5187],{"href":39966},[24,147574,147575],{},[543,147576,3489],{"href":2923},[24,147578,147579],{},[543,147580,147158],{"href":135050},[1898,147582,147583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":147585},[147586,147587,147589,147590,147591,147593,147601,147607,147614,147620,147621,147633],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":145843,"depth":78,"text":147588},"What sum() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":146021,"depth":78,"text":147592},"Using the start value",{"id":146123,"depth":78,"text":147594,"children":147595},"What sum() can work with",[147596,147597,147598,147600],{"id":40382,"depth":85,"text":40383},{"id":52005,"depth":85,"text":146189},{"id":146250,"depth":85,"text":147599},"Values from range()",{"id":146298,"depth":85,"text":146299},{"id":146372,"depth":78,"text":147602,"children":147603},"What sum() does not work with",[147604,147605,147606],{"id":146383,"depth":85,"text":146384},{"id":146500,"depth":85,"text":146501},{"id":146558,"depth":85,"text":146559},{"id":41462,"depth":78,"text":41463,"children":147608},[147609,147610,147611,147612],{"id":6490,"depth":85,"text":6491},{"id":146694,"depth":85,"text":146695},{"id":146842,"depth":85,"text":146843},{"id":146979,"depth":85,"text":147613},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147161,"depth":78,"text":147615,"children":147616},"sum() vs manual loop",[147617,147619],{"id":147172,"depth":85,"text":147618},"Using sum()",{"id":147226,"depth":85,"text":147227},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":147622},[147623,147625,147627,147629,147631],{"id":147491,"depth":85,"text":147624},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147499,"depth":85,"text":147626},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147514,"depth":85,"text":147628},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147523,"depth":85,"text":147630},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147535,"depth":85,"text":147632},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145756,"description":147634},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147641,"title":147642,"body":147643,"description":149045,"extension":1927,"meta":149046,"navigation":81,"path":149047,"seo":149048,"stem":149049,"__hash__":149050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147644,"toc":149013},[147645,147651,147657,147660,147723,147729,147734,147738,147755,147769,147773,147793,147807,147809,147902,147904,147918,147920,147923,148012,148014,148022,148031,148033,148037,148058,148060,148152,148154,148175,148177,148181,148195,148197,148271,148273,148292,148296,148299,148322,148324,148435,148442,148450,148452,148458,148461,148504,148507,148530,148538,148542,148617,148623,148648,148655,148658,148661,148665,148670,148758,148766,148770,148773,148798,148802,148863,148867,148916,148926,148928,148933,148936,148942,148945,148949,148953,148959,148962,148970,148978,148980,149010],[10,147646,147648,147649,11295],{"id":147647},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[61,147650,57239],{},[14,147652,147653,147656],{},[61,147654,147655],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147658,147659],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[54,147661,147663],{"className":56,"code":147662,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[61,147664,147665,147693,147711],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147666,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147668,1161],{"class":74},[64,147670,92],{"class":91},[64,147672,9207],{"class":95},[64,147674,100],{"class":99},[64,147676,103],{"class":95},[64,147678,106],{"class":99},[64,147680,103],{"class":95},[64,147682,106],{"class":99},[64,147684,103],{"class":95},[64,147686,743],{"class":99},[64,147688,103],{"class":95},[64,147690,106],{"class":99},[64,147692,150],{"class":95},[64,147694,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147696,2194],{"class":74},[64,147698,92],{"class":91},[64,147700,1191],{"class":74},[64,147702,137],{"class":95},[64,147704,41218],{"class":140},[64,147706,144],{"class":95},[64,147708,2021],{"class":99},[64,147710,150],{"class":95},[64,147712,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,147714,212],{"class":211},[64,147716,144],{"class":95},[64,147718,2229],{"class":140},[64,147720,219],{"class":95},[64,147722,50729],{"class":222},[14,147724,256,147725,147728],{},[61,147726,147727],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[49,147730,3639,147732,3642],{"id":147731},"what-tuplecount-does",[61,147733,147655],{},[14,147735,147736,1117],{},[61,147737,147727],{},[21,147739,147740,147746,147749,147752],{},[24,147741,147742,147743,147745],{},"Returns the number of times ",[61,147744,2436],{}," appears in the tuple",[24,147747,147748],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[24,147750,147751],{},"Returns an integer",[24,147753,147754],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147756,147757,147758,147760,147761,2839,147765,137],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[61,147759,57239],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[543,147762,147764],{"href":147763},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[543,147766,147768],{"href":147767},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[49,147770,147772],{"id":147771},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[54,147774,147776],{"className":56,"code":147775,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[61,147777,147778],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147779,147780,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147781,147782],{"class":74},"my_tuple",[64,147784,137],{"class":95},[64,147786,41218],{"class":140},[64,147788,144],{"class":95},[64,147790,2436],{"class":140},[64,147792,150],{"class":95},[21,147794,147795,147799,147802],{},[24,147796,147797,57404],{},[61,147798,2436],{},[24,147800,147801],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[24,147803,147804,147805],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[61,147806,187],{},[816,147808,103055],{"id":103054},[54,147810,147812],{"className":56,"code":147811,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[61,147813,147814,147854,147878],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147815,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147817,13041],{"class":74},[64,147819,92],{"class":91},[64,147821,9207],{"class":95},[64,147823,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147825,13058],{"class":1422},[64,147827,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147829,103],{"class":95},[64,147831,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147833,13075],{"class":1422},[64,147835,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147837,103],{"class":95},[64,147839,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147841,13058],{"class":1422},[64,147843,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147845,103],{"class":95},[64,147847,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147849,17409],{"class":1422},[64,147851,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147853,150],{"class":95},[64,147855,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147857,212],{"class":211},[64,147859,144],{"class":95},[64,147861,17456],{"class":140},[64,147863,137],{"class":95},[64,147865,41218],{"class":140},[64,147867,144],{"class":95},[64,147869,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147871,13058],{"class":1422},[64,147873,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147875,5328],{"class":95},[64,147877,57594],{"class":222},[64,147879,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,147881,212],{"class":211},[64,147883,144],{"class":95},[64,147885,17456],{"class":140},[64,147887,137],{"class":95},[64,147889,41218],{"class":140},[64,147891,144],{"class":95},[64,147893,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147895,22477],{"class":1422},[64,147897,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147899,5328],{"class":95},[64,147901,51206],{"class":222},[14,147903,19911],{},[21,147905,147906,147911],{},[24,147907,147908,147910],{},[61,147909,65342],{}," appears 2 times",[24,147912,147913,147915,147916],{},[61,147914,109751],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[61,147917,187],{},[49,147919,11449],{"id":11448},[14,147921,147922],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[54,147924,147926],{"className":56,"code":147925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[61,147927,147928,147976,147980,148002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,147929,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958,147960,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147931,36196],{"class":74},[64,147933,92],{"class":91},[64,147935,9207],{"class":95},[64,147937,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147939,4043],{"class":1422},[64,147941,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147943,103],{"class":95},[64,147945,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147947,4052],{"class":1422},[64,147949,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147951,103],{"class":95},[64,147953,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147955,4043],{"class":1422},[64,147957,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147959,103],{"class":95},[64,147961,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147963,33177],{"class":1422},[64,147965,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147967,103],{"class":95},[64,147969,3315],{"class":1418},[64,147971,4043],{"class":1422},[64,147973,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147975,150],{"class":95},[64,147977,147978],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,147979,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,147981,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,147983,2194],{"class":74},[64,147985,92],{"class":91},[64,147987,52811],{"class":74},[64,147989,137],{"class":95},[64,147991,41218],{"class":140},[64,147993,144],{"class":95},[64,147995,1419],{"class":1418},[64,147997,4043],{"class":1422},[64,147999,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148001,150],{"class":95},[64,148003,148004,148006,148008,148010],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,148005,212],{"class":211},[64,148007,144],{"class":95},[64,148009,2229],{"class":140},[64,148011,150],{"class":95},[14,148013,2035],{},[54,148015,148016],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,148017,148018],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148019,148020],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148021,46575],{"class":99},[14,148023,148024,148026,148027,2361,148029,137],{},[61,148025,57782],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[61,148028,57239],{},[61,148030,115],{},[49,148032,37977],{"id":37976},[14,148034,57493,148035,128518],{},[61,148036,57239],{},[21,148038,148039,148044,148049,148052],{},[24,148040,11397,148041,148043],{},[61,148042,187],{}," when the value does not exist",[24,148045,11397,148046,148048],{},[61,148047,100],{}," when the value appears once",[24,148050,148051],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[24,148053,148054,148055,148057],{},"The result can be used in ",[61,148056,6965],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148059,318],{},[54,148061,148063],{"className":56,"code":148062,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[61,148064,148065,148106,148110,148137],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148066,148067,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148068,148069],{"class":74},"answers ",[64,148071,92],{"class":91},[64,148073,9207],{"class":95},[64,148075,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148077,8628],{"class":1422},[64,148079,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148081,103],{"class":95},[64,148083,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148085,8568],{"class":1422},[64,148087,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148089,103],{"class":95},[64,148091,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148093,8628],{"class":1422},[64,148095,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148097,103],{"class":95},[64,148099,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148101,8628],{"class":1422},[64,148103,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148105,150],{"class":95},[64,148107,148108],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148109,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,148111,148112,148114,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,148113,6965],{"class":70},[64,148115,148116],{"class":74}," answers",[64,148118,137],{"class":95},[64,148120,41218],{"class":140},[64,148122,144],{"class":95},[64,148124,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148126,8628],{"class":1422},[64,148128,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148130,219],{"class":95},[64,148132,38353],{"class":91},[64,148134,5465],{"class":99},[64,148136,6363],{"class":95},[64,148138,148139,148141,148143,148145,148148,148150],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,148140,8039],{"class":211},[64,148142,144],{"class":95},[64,148144,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148146,148147],{"class":1422},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[64,148149,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148151,150],{"class":95},[14,148153,2035],{},[54,148155,148157],{"className":56,"code":148156,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[61,148158,148159],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148160,148161,148164,148166,148168,148170,148173],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148162,148163],{"class":74},"The answer ",[64,148165,3261],{"class":1418},[64,148167,8628],{"class":1422},[64,148169,3261],{"class":1418},[64,148171,148172],{"class":74}," appears more than once",[64,148174,122162],{"class":95},[49,148176,41004],{"id":41003},[14,148178,35362,148179,104518],{},[61,148180,147655],{},[21,148182,148183,148186,148189,148192],{},[24,148184,148185],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[24,148187,148188],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[24,148190,148191],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[24,148193,148194],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148196,318],{},[54,148198,148200],{"className":56,"code":148199,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[61,148201,148202,148230,148234,148256],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148203,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148205,5028],{"class":74},[64,148207,92],{"class":91},[64,148209,9207],{"class":95},[64,148211,1432],{"class":99},[64,148213,103],{"class":95},[64,148215,1437],{"class":99},[64,148217,103],{"class":95},[64,148219,5973],{"class":99},[64,148221,103],{"class":95},[64,148223,7764],{"class":99},[64,148225,103],{"class":95},[64,148227,5973],{"class":99},[64,148229,150],{"class":95},[64,148231,148232],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148233,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,148235,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,148237,6965],{"class":70},[64,148239,5075],{"class":74},[64,148241,137],{"class":95},[64,148243,41218],{"class":140},[64,148245,144],{"class":95},[64,148247,1432],{"class":99},[64,148249,219],{"class":95},[64,148251,51247],{"class":91},[64,148253,106],{"class":99},[64,148255,6363],{"class":95},[64,148257,148258,148260,148262,148264,148267,148269],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,148259,8039],{"class":211},[64,148261,144],{"class":95},[64,148263,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148265,148266],{"class":1422},"The score 10 is repeated.",[64,148268,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148270,150],{"class":95},[14,148272,2035],{},[54,148274,148276],{"className":56,"code":148275,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[61,148277,148278],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148279,148280,148283,148285,148287,148290],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148281,148282],{"class":74},"The score ",[64,148284,1432],{"class":99},[64,148286,980],{"class":91},[64,148288,148289],{"class":74}," repeated",[64,148291,122162],{"class":95},[49,148293,148295],{"id":148294},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148297,148298],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[21,148300,148301,148307,148312,148315],{},[24,148302,148303,148304,148306],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[61,148305,57239],{}," still works because it only reads data",[24,148308,148309,148311],{},[61,148310,57239],{}," counts exact matches",[24,148313,148314],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[24,148316,148317,40,148319,148321],{},[61,148318,100],{},[61,148320,42117],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148323,318],{},[54,148325,148327],{"className":56,"code":148326,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[61,148328,148329,148363,148367,148387,148411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148330,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148344,148346,148348,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148332,3786],{"class":74},[64,148334,92],{"class":91},[64,148336,9207],{"class":95},[64,148338,100],{"class":99},[64,148340,103],{"class":95},[64,148342,148343],{"class":99}," 1.0",[64,148345,103],{"class":95},[64,148347,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148349,148350],{"class":1422},"Cat",[64,148352,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148354,103],{"class":95},[64,148356,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148358,37004],{"class":1422},[64,148360,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148362,150],{"class":95},[64,148364,148365],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148366,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,148368,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,148370,212],{"class":211},[64,148372,144],{"class":95},[64,148374,5325],{"class":140},[64,148376,137],{"class":95},[64,148378,41218],{"class":140},[64,148380,144],{"class":95},[64,148382,100],{"class":99},[64,148384,5328],{"class":95},[64,148386,51053],{"class":222},[64,148388,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,148390,212],{"class":211},[64,148392,144],{"class":95},[64,148394,5325],{"class":140},[64,148396,137],{"class":95},[64,148398,41218],{"class":140},[64,148400,144],{"class":95},[64,148402,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148404,148350],{"class":1422},[64,148406,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148408,5328],{"class":95},[64,148410,27733],{"class":222},[64,148412,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,148414,212],{"class":211},[64,148416,144],{"class":95},[64,148418,5325],{"class":140},[64,148420,137],{"class":95},[64,148422,41218],{"class":140},[64,148424,144],{"class":95},[64,148426,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148428,37004],{"class":1422},[64,148430,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148432,5328],{"class":95},[64,148434,27733],{"class":222},[14,148436,5123,148437,5126,148440,2456],{},[61,148438,148439],{},"values.count(1)",[61,148441,2021],{},[14,148443,8756,148444,4747,148447,148449],{},[61,148445,148446],{},"1 == 1.0",[61,148448,3567],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[49,148451,1646],{"id":1645},[816,148453,1654,148455,148457],{"id":148454},"using-count-without-parentheses",[61,148456,41218],{}," without parentheses",[14,148459,148460],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[54,148462,148464],{"className":56,"code":148463,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[61,148465,148466,148490],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148467,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148488],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148469,1161],{"class":74},[64,148471,92],{"class":91},[64,148473,9207],{"class":95},[64,148475,100],{"class":99},[64,148477,103],{"class":95},[64,148479,106],{"class":99},[64,148481,103],{"class":95},[64,148483,106],{"class":99},[64,148485,103],{"class":95},[64,148487,743],{"class":99},[64,148489,150],{"class":95},[64,148491,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148493,212],{"class":211},[64,148495,144],{"class":95},[64,148497,3611],{"class":140},[64,148499,137],{"class":95},[64,148501,41218],{"class":24704},[64,148503,150],{"class":95},[14,148505,148506],{},"To call the method correctly:",[54,148508,148510],{"className":56,"code":148509,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[61,148511,148512],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148513,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148515,212],{"class":211},[64,148517,144],{"class":95},[64,148519,3611],{"class":140},[64,148521,137],{"class":95},[64,148523,41218],{"class":140},[64,148525,144],{"class":95},[64,148527,2021],{"class":99},[64,148529,1737],{"class":95},[816,148531,8423,148532,8426,148534,2839,148536],{"id":58541},[61,148533,57239],{},[61,148535,3567],{},[61,148537,3635],{},[14,148539,148540,58552],{},[61,148541,57239],{},[54,148543,148545],{"className":56,"code":148544,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[61,148546,148547,148579,148601,148605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148548,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148550,36048],{"class":74},[64,148552,92],{"class":91},[64,148554,9207],{"class":95},[64,148556,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148558,543],{"class":1422},[64,148560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148562,103],{"class":95},[64,148564,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148566,1235],{"class":1422},[64,148568,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148570,103],{"class":95},[64,148572,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148574,543],{"class":1422},[64,148576,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148578,150],{"class":95},[64,148580,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148582,2194],{"class":74},[64,148584,92],{"class":91},[64,148586,70046],{"class":74},[64,148588,137],{"class":95},[64,148590,41218],{"class":140},[64,148592,144],{"class":95},[64,148594,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148596,543],{"class":1422},[64,148598,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148600,150],{"class":95},[64,148602,148603],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,148604,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,148606,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,148608,212],{"class":211},[64,148610,144],{"class":95},[64,148612,2229],{"class":140},[64,148614,219],{"class":95},[64,148616,51374],{"class":222},[14,148618,148619,148620,148622],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[61,148621,3847],{}," is often simpler:",[54,148624,148626],{"className":56,"code":148625,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[61,148627,148628],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148629,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148631,212],{"class":211},[64,148633,144],{"class":95},[64,148635,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148637,543],{"class":1422},[64,148639,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148641,21127],{"class":70},[64,148643,70046],{"class":140},[64,148645,219],{"class":95},[64,148647,885],{"class":222},[816,148649,37161,148651,8675,148653],{"id":148650},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[61,148652,147655],{},[61,148654,57244],{},[14,148656,148657],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148659,148660],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[816,148662,148664],{"id":148663},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148666,148667,148669],{},[61,148668,57239],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[54,148671,148673],{"className":56,"code":148672,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[61,148674,148675,148708,148734],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148676,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148678,4034],{"class":74},[64,148680,92],{"class":91},[64,148682,9207],{"class":95},[64,148684,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148686,4043],{"class":1422},[64,148688,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148690,103],{"class":95},[64,148692,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148694,148695],{"class":1422},"pineapple",[64,148697,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148699,103],{"class":95},[64,148701,3315],{"class":1418},[64,148703,4043],{"class":1422},[64,148705,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148707,150],{"class":95},[64,148709,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148727,148729,148731],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148711,212],{"class":211},[64,148713,144],{"class":95},[64,148715,4078],{"class":140},[64,148717,137],{"class":95},[64,148719,41218],{"class":140},[64,148721,144],{"class":95},[64,148723,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148725,148726],{"class":1422},"app",[64,148728,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148730,5328],{"class":95},[64,148732,148733],{"class":222},"    # 0\n",[64,148735,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,148737,212],{"class":211},[64,148739,144],{"class":95},[64,148741,4078],{"class":140},[64,148743,137],{"class":95},[64,148745,41218],{"class":140},[64,148747,144],{"class":95},[64,148749,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148751,4043],{"class":1422},[64,148753,1419],{"class":1418},[64,148755,5328],{"class":95},[64,148757,51374],{"class":222},[14,148759,148760,148763,148764,137],{},[61,148761,148762],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[61,148765,187],{},[49,148767,148769],{"id":148768},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148771,148772],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[21,148774,148775,148780,148789,148795],{},[24,148776,256,148777,148779],{},[61,148778,3847],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[24,148781,256,148782,148788],{},[543,148783,148785,148786],{"href":148784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[61,148787,58916],{}," to find the position of a value",[24,148790,256,148791,148794],{},[61,148792,148793],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[24,148796,148797],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148799,45998,148800,1117],{},[61,148801,3847],{},[54,148803,148805],{"className":56,"code":148804,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[61,148806,148807,148827,148831,148847],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148808,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148810,1161],{"class":74},[64,148812,92],{"class":91},[64,148814,9207],{"class":95},[64,148816,772],{"class":99},[64,148818,103],{"class":95},[64,148820,5962],{"class":99},[64,148822,103],{"class":95},[64,148824,54095],{"class":99},[64,148826,150],{"class":95},[64,148828,148829],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148830,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,148832,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,148834,212],{"class":211},[64,148836,144],{"class":95},[64,148838,1989],{"class":99},[64,148840,21127],{"class":70},[64,148842,1191],{"class":140},[64,148844,219],{"class":95},[64,148846,43814],{"class":222},[64,148848,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,148850,212],{"class":211},[64,148852,144],{"class":95},[64,148854,385],{"class":99},[64,148856,21127],{"class":70},[64,148858,1191],{"class":140},[64,148860,219],{"class":95},[64,148862,1106],{"class":222},[14,148864,45998,148865,1117],{},[61,148866,58916],{},[54,148868,148870],{"className":56,"code":148869,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[61,148871,148872,148896],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,148873,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148875,1161],{"class":74},[64,148877,92],{"class":91},[64,148879,9207],{"class":95},[64,148881,772],{"class":99},[64,148883,103],{"class":95},[64,148885,5962],{"class":99},[64,148887,103],{"class":95},[64,148889,54095],{"class":99},[64,148891,103],{"class":95},[64,148893,5962],{"class":99},[64,148895,150],{"class":95},[64,148897,148898,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,148899,212],{"class":211},[64,148901,144],{"class":95},[64,148903,3611],{"class":140},[64,148905,137],{"class":95},[64,148907,35803],{"class":140},[64,148909,144],{"class":95},[64,148911,1989],{"class":99},[64,148913,5328],{"class":95},[64,148915,27733],{"class":222},[14,148917,148918,148920,148921,148923,148925],{},[61,148919,57239],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9818,148922],{},[61,148924,58916],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[49,148927,1826],{"id":1825},[816,148929,5107,148931,5110],{"id":148930},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[61,148932,147655],{},[14,148934,148935],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[816,148937,12670,148939,148941],{"id":148938},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[61,148940,147655],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148943,148944],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[816,148946,148948],{"id":148947},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148950,11885,148951,137],{},[61,148952,187],{},[816,148954,5135,148956,148958],{"id":148955},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[61,148957,147655],{}," count strings?",[14,148960,148961],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[816,148963,5145,148965,40,148967,2456],{"id":148964},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[61,148966,147655],{},[61,148968,148969],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148971,148972,148974,148975,148977],{},[61,148973,57239],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[61,148976,58916],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[49,148979,1865],{"id":1864},[21,148981,148982,148986,148991,148998,149006],{},[24,148983,148984],{},[543,148985,147764],{"href":147763},[24,148987,148988],{},[543,148989,148990],{"href":147767},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[24,148992,148993],{},[543,148994,148995,148996,1248],{"href":148784},"Python tuple ",[61,148997,58916],{},[24,148999,149000],{},[543,149001,149003,149004],{"href":149002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[61,149005,42320],{},[24,149007,149008],{},[543,149009,58904],{"href":58903},[1898,149011,149012],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":149014},[149015,149017,149020,149021,149022,149023,149024,149032,149033,149044],{"id":147731,"depth":78,"text":149016},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147771,"depth":78,"text":147772,"children":149018},[149019],{"id":103054,"depth":85,"text":103055},{"id":11448,"depth":78,"text":11449},{"id":37976,"depth":78,"text":37977},{"id":41003,"depth":78,"text":41004},{"id":148294,"depth":78,"text":148295},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":149025},[149026,149028,149029,149031],{"id":148454,"depth":85,"text":149027},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58541,"depth":85,"text":58957},{"id":148650,"depth":85,"text":149030},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148663,"depth":85,"text":148664},{"id":148768,"depth":78,"text":148769},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":149034},[149035,149037,149039,149040,149042],{"id":148930,"depth":85,"text":149036},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148938,"depth":85,"text":149038},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148947,"depth":85,"text":148948},{"id":148955,"depth":85,"text":149041},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148964,"depth":85,"text":149043},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147642,"description":149045},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149052,"title":149053,"body":149054,"description":150741,"extension":1927,"meta":150742,"navigation":81,"path":150743,"seo":150744,"stem":150745,"__hash__":150746},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149055,"toc":150704},[149056,149059,149062,149071,149073,149203,149205,149266,149272,149274,149294,149298,149301,149304,149339,149341,149362,149365,149404,149406,149431,149438,149442,149445,149482,149484,149507,149510,149513,149525,149531,149535,149538,149544,149585,149587,149610,149613,149654,149656,149683,149685,149702,149704,149721,149724,149728,149731,149733,149767,149769,149816,149820,149859,149863,149866,149923,149925,149966,149972,149978,149983,149985,150022,150024,150044,150046,150079,150081,150114,150117,150121,150154,150156,150181,150184,150186,150200,150207,150209,150212,150216,150219,150254,150257,150292,150296,150299,150338,150341,150380,150384,150386,150416,150419,150426,150428,150460,150463,150495,150498,150529,150531,150548,150552,150555,150619,150621,150625,150632,150636,150639,150643,150646,150650,150653,150658,150664,150666,150701],[10,149057,149053],{"id":149058},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149060,149061],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149063,149064,149065,2839,149069,137],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[543,149066,149068],{"href":149067},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[543,149070,147764],{"href":147763},[49,149072,52],{"id":51},[54,149074,149076],{"className":56,"code":149075,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[61,149077,149078,149098,149107,149121,149157,149161,149171,149181,149192],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149079,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090,149092,149094,149096],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149081,1161],{"class":74},[64,149083,92],{"class":91},[64,149085,9207],{"class":95},[64,149087,100],{"class":99},[64,149089,103],{"class":95},[64,149091,106],{"class":99},[64,149093,103],{"class":95},[64,149095,743],{"class":99},[64,149097,150],{"class":95},[64,149099,149100,149102,149104],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149101,124628],{"class":74},[64,149103,92],{"class":91},[64,149105,149106],{"class":95}," ()\n",[64,149108,149109,149112,149114,149116,149118],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,149110,149111],{"class":74},"one_item ",[64,149113,92],{"class":91},[64,149115,9207],{"class":95},[64,149117,385],{"class":99},[64,149119,149120],{"class":95},",)\n",[64,149122,149123,149126,149128,149131,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,149124,149125],{"class":74},"from_list ",[64,149127,92],{"class":91},[64,149129,149130],{"class":1778}," tuple",[64,149132,382],{"class":95},[64,149134,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149136,543],{"class":1422},[64,149138,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149140,103],{"class":95},[64,149142,3315],{"class":1418},[64,149144,1235],{"class":1422},[64,149146,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149148,103],{"class":95},[64,149150,3315],{"class":1418},[64,149152,9711],{"class":1422},[64,149154,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149156,393],{"class":95},[64,149158,149159],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,149160,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,149162,149163,149165,149167,149169],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,149164,212],{"class":211},[64,149166,144],{"class":95},[64,149168,3611],{"class":140},[64,149170,150],{"class":95},[64,149172,149173,149175,149177,149179],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,149174,212],{"class":211},[64,149176,144],{"class":95},[64,149178,124679],{"class":140},[64,149180,150],{"class":95},[64,149182,149183,149185,149187,149190],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,149184,212],{"class":211},[64,149186,144],{"class":95},[64,149188,149189],{"class":140},"one_item",[64,149191,150],{"class":95},[64,149193,149194,149196,149198,149201],{"class":66,"line":208},[64,149195,212],{"class":211},[64,149197,144],{"class":95},[64,149199,149200],{"class":140},"from_list",[64,149202,150],{"class":95},[14,149204,2035],{},[54,149206,149208],{"className":56,"code":149207,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[61,149209,149210,149226,149230,149238],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149211,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149213,144],{"class":95},[64,149215,100],{"class":99},[64,149217,103],{"class":95},[64,149219,106],{"class":99},[64,149221,103],{"class":95},[64,149223,743],{"class":99},[64,149225,150],{"class":95},[64,149227,149228],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149229,366],{"class":95},[64,149231,149232,149234,149236],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,149233,144],{"class":95},[64,149235,385],{"class":99},[64,149237,149120],{"class":95},[64,149239,149240,149242,149244,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,149241,144],{"class":95},[64,149243,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149245,543],{"class":1422},[64,149247,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149249,103],{"class":95},[64,149251,3256],{"class":1418},[64,149253,1235],{"class":1422},[64,149255,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149257,103],{"class":95},[64,149259,3256],{"class":1418},[64,149261,9711],{"class":1422},[64,149263,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149265,150],{"class":95},[14,149267,149268,149269,137],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[61,149270,149271],{},"(5,)",[49,149273,15116],{"id":15115},[21,149275,149276,149279,149282,149285,149288,149291],{},[24,149277,149278],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[24,149280,149281],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[24,149283,149284],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[24,149286,149287],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[24,149289,149290],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[24,149292,149293],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[49,149295,149297],{"id":149296},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149299,149300],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149302,149303],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[54,149305,149307],{"className":56,"code":149306,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,149308,149309,149329],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149310,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149312,1161],{"class":74},[64,149314,92],{"class":91},[64,149316,9207],{"class":95},[64,149318,100],{"class":99},[64,149320,103],{"class":95},[64,149322,106],{"class":99},[64,149324,103],{"class":95},[64,149326,743],{"class":99},[64,149328,150],{"class":95},[64,149330,149331,149333,149335,149337],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149332,212],{"class":211},[64,149334,144],{"class":95},[64,149336,3611],{"class":140},[64,149338,150],{"class":95},[14,149340,2035],{},[54,149342,149344],{"className":56,"code":149343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[61,149345,149346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149347,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149349,144],{"class":95},[64,149351,100],{"class":99},[64,149353,103],{"class":95},[64,149355,106],{"class":99},[64,149357,103],{"class":95},[64,149359,743],{"class":99},[64,149361,150],{"class":95},[14,149363,149364],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[54,149366,149368],{"className":56,"code":149367,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[61,149369,149370,149394],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149371,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382,149384,149386,149388,149390,149392],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149373,9137],{"class":74},[64,149375,92],{"class":91},[64,149377,9207],{"class":95},[64,149379,100],{"class":99},[64,149381,103],{"class":95},[64,149383,3315],{"class":1418},[64,149385,4043],{"class":1422},[64,149387,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149389,103],{"class":95},[64,149391,3879],{"class":3816},[64,149393,150],{"class":95},[64,149395,149396,149398,149400,149402],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149397,212],{"class":211},[64,149399,144],{"class":95},[64,149401,9176],{"class":140},[64,149403,150],{"class":95},[14,149405,2035],{},[54,149407,149409],{"className":56,"code":149408,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[61,149410,149411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149412,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149414,144],{"class":95},[64,149416,100],{"class":99},[64,149418,103],{"class":95},[64,149420,3256],{"class":1418},[64,149422,4043],{"class":1422},[64,149424,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149426,103],{"class":95},[64,149428,3879],{"class":3816},[64,149430,150],{"class":95},[14,149432,149433,149434,137],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[543,149435,149437],{"href":149436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[49,149439,149441],{"id":149440},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149443,149444],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[54,149446,149448],{"className":56,"code":149447,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[61,149449,149450,149458,149468],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149451,149452,149454,149456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149453,124628],{"class":74},[64,149455,92],{"class":91},[64,149457,149106],{"class":95},[64,149459,149460,149462,149464,149466],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149461,212],{"class":211},[64,149463,144],{"class":95},[64,149465,124679],{"class":140},[64,149467,150],{"class":95},[64,149469,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,149471,212],{"class":211},[64,149473,144],{"class":95},[64,149475,1779],{"class":1778},[64,149477,144],{"class":95},[64,149479,124679],{"class":140},[64,149481,1737],{"class":95},[14,149483,2035],{},[54,149485,149487],{"className":56,"code":149486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[61,149488,149489,149493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149490,149491],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149492,366],{"class":95},[64,149494,149495,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149496,3250],{"class":91},[64,149498,3253],{"class":2029},[64,149500,3256],{"class":1418},[64,149502,48911],{"class":1422},[64,149504,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149506,3264],{"class":91},[14,149508,149509],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149511,149512],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[21,149514,149515,149520],{},[24,149516,149517,149518],{},"Empty tuple: ",[61,149519,7334],{},[24,149521,149522,149523],{},"Empty list: ",[61,149524,3750],{},[14,149526,149527,149528,137],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[543,149529,149530],{"href":57105},"Python list: creating a list",[49,149532,149534],{"id":149533},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149536,149537],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149539,149540,149541,149543],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[37,149542,300],{}," automatically a tuple:",[54,149545,149547],{"className":56,"code":149546,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[61,149548,149549,149561,149571],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149550,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149552,2411],{"class":74},[64,149554,92],{"class":91},[64,149556,9207],{"class":95},[64,149558,385],{"class":99},[64,149560,150],{"class":95},[64,149562,149563,149565,149567,149569],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149564,212],{"class":211},[64,149566,144],{"class":95},[64,149568,2436],{"class":140},[64,149570,150],{"class":95},[64,149572,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,149574,212],{"class":211},[64,149576,144],{"class":95},[64,149578,1779],{"class":1778},[64,149580,144],{"class":95},[64,149582,2436],{"class":140},[64,149584,1737],{"class":95},[14,149586,2035],{},[54,149588,149590],{"className":56,"code":149589,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[61,149591,149592,149596],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149593,149594],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149595,2908],{"class":99},[64,149597,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149599,3250],{"class":91},[64,149601,3253],{"class":2029},[64,149603,3256],{"class":1418},[64,149605,2152],{"class":1422},[64,149607,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149609,3264],{"class":91},[14,149611,149612],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[54,149614,149616],{"className":56,"code":149615,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[61,149617,149618,149630,149640],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149619,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149621,149111],{"class":74},[64,149623,92],{"class":91},[64,149625,9207],{"class":95},[64,149627,385],{"class":99},[64,149629,149120],{"class":95},[64,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149633,212],{"class":211},[64,149635,144],{"class":95},[64,149637,149189],{"class":140},[64,149639,150],{"class":95},[64,149641,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650,149652],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,149643,212],{"class":211},[64,149645,144],{"class":95},[64,149647,1779],{"class":1778},[64,149649,144],{"class":95},[64,149651,149189],{"class":140},[64,149653,1737],{"class":95},[14,149655,2035],{},[54,149657,149659],{"className":56,"code":149658,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[61,149660,149661,149669],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149662,149663,149665,149667],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149664,144],{"class":95},[64,149666,385],{"class":99},[64,149668,149120],{"class":95},[64,149670,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149672,3250],{"class":91},[64,149674,3253],{"class":2029},[64,149676,3256],{"class":1418},[64,149678,48911],{"class":1422},[64,149680,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149682,3264],{"class":91},[14,149684,16608],{},[54,149686,149688],{"className":56,"code":149687,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(\"apple\",)\n",[61,149689,149690],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149691,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149693,144],{"class":95},[64,149695,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149697,4043],{"class":1422},[64,149699,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149701,149120],{"class":95},[14,149703,16596],{},[54,149705,149707],{"className":56,"code":149706,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(\"apple\")\n",[61,149708,149709],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149712,144],{"class":95},[64,149714,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149716,4043],{"class":1422},[64,149718,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149720,150],{"class":95},[14,149722,149723],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[49,149725,149727],{"id":149726},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149729,149730],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[816,149732,56414],{"id":3611},[54,149734,149735],{"className":56,"code":149306,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,149736,149737,149757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149738,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149740,1161],{"class":74},[64,149742,92],{"class":91},[64,149744,9207],{"class":95},[64,149746,100],{"class":99},[64,149748,103],{"class":95},[64,149750,106],{"class":99},[64,149752,103],{"class":95},[64,149754,743],{"class":99},[64,149756,150],{"class":95},[64,149758,149759,149761,149763,149765],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149760,212],{"class":211},[64,149762,144],{"class":95},[64,149764,3611],{"class":140},[64,149766,150],{"class":95},[816,149768,56417],{"id":5275},[54,149770,149772],{"className":56,"code":149771,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[61,149773,149774,149806],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149775,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788,149790,149792,149794,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149777,13041],{"class":74},[64,149779,92],{"class":91},[64,149781,9207],{"class":95},[64,149783,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149785,13058],{"class":1422},[64,149787,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149789,103],{"class":95},[64,149791,3315],{"class":1418},[64,149793,17409],{"class":1422},[64,149795,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149797,103],{"class":95},[64,149799,3315],{"class":1418},[64,149801,13075],{"class":1422},[64,149803,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149805,150],{"class":95},[64,149807,149808,149810,149812,149814],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149809,212],{"class":211},[64,149811,144],{"class":95},[64,149813,17456],{"class":140},[64,149815,150],{"class":95},[816,149817,149819],{"id":149818},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[54,149821,149823],{"className":56,"code":149822,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[61,149824,149825,149849],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149826,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149828,59421],{"class":74},[64,149830,92],{"class":91},[64,149832,9207],{"class":95},[64,149834,100],{"class":99},[64,149836,103],{"class":95},[64,149838,3315],{"class":1418},[64,149840,4043],{"class":1422},[64,149842,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149844,103],{"class":95},[64,149846,3879],{"class":3816},[64,149848,150],{"class":95},[64,149850,149851,149853,149855,149857],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149852,212],{"class":211},[64,149854,144],{"class":95},[64,149856,59474],{"class":140},[64,149858,150],{"class":95},[816,149860,149862],{"id":149861},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149864,149865],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[54,149867,149869],{"className":56,"code":149868,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[61,149870,149871,149912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149872,149873,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149874,149875],{"class":74},"nested ",[64,149877,92],{"class":91},[64,149879,9207],{"class":95},[64,149881,100],{"class":99},[64,149883,103],{"class":95},[64,149885,9207],{"class":95},[64,149887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149889,543],{"class":1422},[64,149891,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149893,103],{"class":95},[64,149895,3315],{"class":1418},[64,149897,1235],{"class":1422},[64,149899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,149901,1727],{"class":95},[64,149903,112],{"class":95},[64,149905,1432],{"class":99},[64,149907,103],{"class":95},[64,149909,1437],{"class":99},[64,149911,393],{"class":95},[64,149913,149914,149916,149918,149921],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,149915,212],{"class":211},[64,149917,144],{"class":95},[64,149919,149920],{"class":140},"nested",[64,149922,150],{"class":95},[14,149924,2035],{},[54,149926,149928],{"className":56,"code":149927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[61,149929,149930],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149931,149932,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149933,144],{"class":95},[64,149935,100],{"class":99},[64,149937,103],{"class":95},[64,149939,9207],{"class":95},[64,149941,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149943,543],{"class":1422},[64,149945,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149947,103],{"class":95},[64,149949,3256],{"class":1418},[64,149951,1235],{"class":1422},[64,149953,3261],{"class":1418},[64,149955,1727],{"class":95},[64,149957,112],{"class":95},[64,149959,1432],{"class":99},[64,149961,103],{"class":95},[64,149963,1437],{"class":99},[64,149965,393],{"class":95},[49,149967,149969,149970],{"id":149968},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[61,149971,38003],{},[14,149973,149974,149975,149977],{},"You can use the built-in ",[61,149976,38003],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149979,149980,149981,137],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[543,149982,63167],{"href":63166},[816,149984,105195],{"id":105194},[54,149986,149988],{"className":56,"code":149987,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,149989,149990,150012],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,149991,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149993,1161],{"class":74},[64,149995,92],{"class":91},[64,149997,149130],{"class":1778},[64,149999,382],{"class":95},[64,150001,100],{"class":99},[64,150003,103],{"class":95},[64,150005,106],{"class":99},[64,150007,103],{"class":95},[64,150009,743],{"class":99},[64,150011,393],{"class":95},[64,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150015,212],{"class":211},[64,150017,144],{"class":95},[64,150019,3611],{"class":140},[64,150021,150],{"class":95},[14,150023,2035],{},[54,150025,150026],{"className":56,"code":149343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,150027,150028],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150029,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150031,144],{"class":95},[64,150033,100],{"class":99},[64,150035,103],{"class":95},[64,150037,106],{"class":99},[64,150039,103],{"class":95},[64,150041,743],{"class":99},[64,150043,150],{"class":95},[816,150045,105381],{"id":105380},[54,150047,150049],{"className":56,"code":150048,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[61,150050,150051,150069],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150052,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150054,36048],{"class":74},[64,150056,92],{"class":91},[64,150058,149130],{"class":1778},[64,150060,144],{"class":95},[64,150062,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150064,41519],{"class":1422},[64,150066,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150068,150],{"class":95},[64,150070,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150072,212],{"class":211},[64,150074,144],{"class":95},[64,150076,36101],{"class":140},[64,150078,150],{"class":95},[14,150080,2035],{},[54,150082,150084],{"className":56,"code":150083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[61,150085,150086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150087,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150089,144],{"class":95},[64,150091,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150093,543],{"class":1422},[64,150095,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150097,103],{"class":95},[64,150099,3256],{"class":1418},[64,150101,1235],{"class":1422},[64,150103,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150105,103],{"class":95},[64,150107,3256],{"class":1418},[64,150109,9711],{"class":1422},[64,150111,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150113,150],{"class":95},[14,150115,150116],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[816,150118,150120],{"id":150119},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[54,150122,150124],{"className":56,"code":150123,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[61,150125,150126,150144],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150127,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150129,3786],{"class":74},[64,150131,92],{"class":91},[64,150133,149130],{"class":1778},[64,150135,144],{"class":95},[64,150137,59947],{"class":211},[64,150139,144],{"class":95},[64,150141,772],{"class":99},[64,150143,1737],{"class":95},[64,150145,150146,150148,150150,150152],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150147,212],{"class":211},[64,150149,144],{"class":95},[64,150151,5325],{"class":140},[64,150153,150],{"class":95},[14,150155,2035],{},[54,150157,150159],{"className":56,"code":150158,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[61,150160,150161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150162,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150164,144],{"class":95},[64,150166,187],{"class":99},[64,150168,103],{"class":95},[64,150170,5465],{"class":99},[64,150172,103],{"class":95},[64,150174,106],{"class":99},[64,150176,103],{"class":95},[64,150178,743],{"class":99},[64,150180,150],{"class":95},[14,150182,150183],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[49,150185,20754],{"id":20753},[21,150187,150188,150191,150194,150197],{},[24,150189,150190],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[24,150192,150193],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[24,150195,150196],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[24,150198,150199],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150201,150202,150203,137],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[543,150204,150206],{"href":150205},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[49,150208,1646],{"id":1645},[14,150210,150211],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[816,150213,150215],{"id":150214},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150217,150218],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[54,150220,150222],{"className":56,"code":150221,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[61,150223,150224,150240],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150225,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150227,28492],{"class":74},[64,150229,92],{"class":91},[64,150231,9207],{"class":95},[64,150233,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150235,4043],{"class":1422},[64,150237,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150239,150],{"class":95},[64,150241,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150243,212],{"class":211},[64,150245,144],{"class":95},[64,150247,1779],{"class":1778},[64,150249,144],{"class":95},[64,150251,23264],{"class":140},[64,150253,1737],{"class":95},[14,150255,150256],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[54,150258,150260],{"className":56,"code":150259,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[61,150261,150262,150278],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150263,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150265,28492],{"class":74},[64,150267,92],{"class":91},[64,150269,9207],{"class":95},[64,150271,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150273,4043],{"class":1422},[64,150275,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150277,149120],{"class":95},[64,150279,150280,150282,150284,150286,150288,150290],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150281,212],{"class":211},[64,150283,144],{"class":95},[64,150285,1779],{"class":1778},[64,150287,144],{"class":95},[64,150289,23264],{"class":140},[64,150291,1737],{"class":95},[816,150293,150295],{"id":150294},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150297,150298],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[54,150300,150302],{"className":56,"code":150301,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[61,150303,150304,150324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150305,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150307,3786],{"class":74},[64,150309,92],{"class":91},[64,150311,112],{"class":95},[64,150313,100],{"class":99},[64,150315,103],{"class":95},[64,150317,106],{"class":99},[64,150319,103],{"class":95},[64,150321,743],{"class":99},[64,150323,746],{"class":95},[64,150325,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150327,212],{"class":211},[64,150329,144],{"class":95},[64,150331,1779],{"class":1778},[64,150333,144],{"class":95},[64,150335,5325],{"class":140},[64,150337,1737],{"class":95},[14,150339,150340],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[54,150342,150344],{"className":56,"code":150343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[61,150345,150346,150366],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150347,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150349,3786],{"class":74},[64,150351,92],{"class":91},[64,150353,9207],{"class":95},[64,150355,100],{"class":99},[64,150357,103],{"class":95},[64,150359,106],{"class":99},[64,150361,103],{"class":95},[64,150363,743],{"class":99},[64,150365,150],{"class":95},[64,150367,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150369,212],{"class":211},[64,150371,144],{"class":95},[64,150373,1779],{"class":1778},[64,150375,144],{"class":95},[64,150377,5325],{"class":140},[64,150379,1737],{"class":95},[816,150381,150383],{"id":150382},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150385,150196],{},[54,150387,150389],{"className":56,"code":150388,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[61,150390,150391,150411],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150392,150393,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150394,1161],{"class":74},[64,150396,92],{"class":91},[64,150398,9207],{"class":95},[64,150400,100],{"class":99},[64,150402,103],{"class":95},[64,150404,106],{"class":99},[64,150406,103],{"class":95},[64,150408,743],{"class":99},[64,150410,150],{"class":95},[64,150412,150413],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150414,150415],{"class":222},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150417,150418],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[816,150420,37161,150422,150425],{"id":150421},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[61,150423,150424],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150427,64593],{},[54,150429,150430],{"className":56,"code":150048,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,150431,150432,150450],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150433,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442,150444,150446,150448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150435,36048],{"class":74},[64,150437,92],{"class":91},[64,150439,149130],{"class":1778},[64,150441,144],{"class":95},[64,150443,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150445,41519],{"class":1422},[64,150447,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150449,150],{"class":95},[64,150451,150452,150454,150456,150458],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150453,212],{"class":211},[64,150455,144],{"class":95},[64,150457,36101],{"class":140},[64,150459,150],{"class":95},[14,150461,150462],{},"gives:",[54,150464,150465],{"className":56,"code":150083,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,150466,150467],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150468,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150470,144],{"class":95},[64,150472,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150474,543],{"class":1422},[64,150476,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150478,103],{"class":95},[64,150480,3256],{"class":1418},[64,150482,1235],{"class":1422},[64,150484,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150486,103],{"class":95},[64,150488,3256],{"class":1418},[64,150490,9711],{"class":1422},[64,150492,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150494,150],{"class":95},[14,150496,150497],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[54,150499,150501],{"className":56,"code":150500,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[61,150502,150503,150519],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150504,150505,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150506,6123],{"class":74},[64,150508,92],{"class":91},[64,150510,9207],{"class":95},[64,150512,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150514,41519],{"class":1422},[64,150516,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150518,149120],{"class":95},[64,150520,150521,150523,150525,150527],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150522,212],{"class":211},[64,150524,144],{"class":95},[64,150526,38348],{"class":140},[64,150528,150],{"class":95},[14,150530,2035],{},[54,150532,150534],{"className":56,"code":150533,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('abc',)\n",[61,150535,150536],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150539,144],{"class":95},[64,150541,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150543,41519],{"class":1422},[64,150545,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150547,149120],{"class":95},[816,150549,150551],{"id":150550},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150553,150554],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[54,150556,150558],{"className":56,"code":150557,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[61,150559,150560,150577,150581,150591,150605],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150561,150562,150565,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150563,150564],{"class":74},"my_tuple ",[64,150566,92],{"class":91},[64,150568,9207],{"class":95},[64,150570,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150572,4043],{"class":1422},[64,150574,1419],{"class":1418},[64,150576,149120],{"class":95},[64,150578,150579],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150580,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,150582,150583,150585,150587,150589],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,150584,212],{"class":211},[64,150586,144],{"class":95},[64,150588,147782],{"class":140},[64,150590,150],{"class":95},[64,150592,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,150594,212],{"class":211},[64,150596,144],{"class":95},[64,150598,1779],{"class":1778},[64,150600,144],{"class":95},[64,150602,147782],{"class":140},[64,150604,1737],{"class":95},[64,150606,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,150608,212],{"class":211},[64,150610,144],{"class":95},[64,150612,11134],{"class":211},[64,150614,144],{"class":95},[64,150616,147782],{"class":140},[64,150618,1737],{"class":95},[49,150620,1826],{"id":1825},[816,150622,150624],{"id":150623},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150626,150627,150628,150631],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[61,150629,150630],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[816,150633,150635],{"id":150634},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150637,150638],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[816,150640,150642],{"id":150641},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150644,150645],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[816,150647,150649],{"id":150648},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150651,150652],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[816,150654,5107,150656,12682],{"id":150655},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[61,150657,150424],{},[14,150659,5113,150660,150663],{},[61,150661,150662],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[49,150665,1865],{"id":1864},[21,150667,150668,150672,150676,150682,150687,150692,150696],{},[24,150669,150670],{},[543,150671,147764],{"href":147763},[24,150673,150674],{},[543,150675,149437],{"href":149436},[24,150677,150678],{},[543,150679,150681],{"href":150680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[24,150683,150684],{},[543,150685,150686],{"href":149002},"Python tuple length with len()",[24,150688,150689],{},[543,150690,150691],{"href":149067},"What is a tuple in Python?",[24,150693,150694],{},[543,150695,63167],{"href":63166},[24,150697,150698],{},[543,150699,150700],{"href":150205},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1898,150702,150703],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":150705},[150706,150707,150708,150709,150710,150711,150717,150723,150724,150732,150740],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":15115,"depth":78,"text":15116},{"id":149296,"depth":78,"text":149297},{"id":149440,"depth":78,"text":149441},{"id":149533,"depth":78,"text":149534},{"id":149726,"depth":78,"text":149727,"children":150712},[150713,150714,150715,150716],{"id":3611,"depth":85,"text":56414},{"id":5275,"depth":85,"text":56417},{"id":149818,"depth":85,"text":149819},{"id":149861,"depth":85,"text":149862},{"id":149968,"depth":78,"text":150718,"children":150719},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150720,150721,150722],{"id":105194,"depth":85,"text":105195},{"id":105380,"depth":85,"text":105381},{"id":150119,"depth":85,"text":150120},{"id":20753,"depth":78,"text":20754},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":150725},[150726,150727,150728,150729,150731],{"id":150214,"depth":85,"text":150215},{"id":150294,"depth":85,"text":150295},{"id":150382,"depth":85,"text":150383},{"id":150421,"depth":85,"text":150730},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150550,"depth":85,"text":150551},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":150733},[150734,150735,150736,150737,150738],{"id":150623,"depth":85,"text":150624},{"id":150634,"depth":85,"text":150635},{"id":150641,"depth":85,"text":150642},{"id":150648,"depth":85,"text":150649},{"id":150655,"depth":85,"text":150739},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149053,"description":150741},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150748,"title":150749,"body":150750,"description":152295,"extension":1927,"meta":152296,"navigation":81,"path":152297,"seo":152298,"stem":152299,"__hash__":152300},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150751,"toc":152265},[150752,150755,150760,150762,150775,150781,150783,150850,150852,150887,150892,150896,150900,150902,150913,150921,150923,150925,150946,150948,150968,150971,150973,150978,151021,151023,151045,151048,151061,151065,151069,151072,151125,151127,151148,151153,151157,151160,151205,151207,151240,151252,151256,151264,151301,151303,151332,151336,151339,151392,151394,151414,151421,151425,151430,151499,151501,151526,151530,151533,151539,151616,151618,151677,151679,151691,151696,151700,151704,151718,151720,151755,151757,151774,151777,151790,151794,151798,151809,151814,151829,151832,151835,151837,151840,151844,151846,151860,151862,151886,151891,151895,151898,151917,151920,151969,151974,151991,151994,152027,152031,152033,152084,152087,152112,152115,152138,152142,152148,152150,152185,152188,152193,152195,152199,152202,152206,152211,152215,152218,152222,152225,152229,152234,152236,152262],[10,150753,150749],{"id":150754},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150756,9094,150757,150759],{},[61,150758,38003],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150761,82538],{},[21,150763,150764,150769],{},[24,150765,150766,150768],{},[61,150767,38003],{}," creates an empty tuple",[24,150770,150771,150774],{},[61,150772,150773],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150776,150777,150778,150780],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[61,150779,38003],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[49,150782,52],{"id":51},[54,150784,150786],{"className":56,"code":150785,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,150787,150788,150808,150822,150826,150836],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800,150802,150804,150806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150791,1161],{"class":74},[64,150793,92],{"class":91},[64,150795,112],{"class":95},[64,150797,100],{"class":99},[64,150799,103],{"class":95},[64,150801,106],{"class":99},[64,150803,103],{"class":95},[64,150805,743],{"class":99},[64,150807,746],{"class":95},[64,150809,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150811,2194],{"class":74},[64,150813,92],{"class":91},[64,150815,149130],{"class":1778},[64,150817,144],{"class":95},[64,150819,3611],{"class":140},[64,150821,150],{"class":95},[64,150823,150824],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,150825,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,150827,150828,150830,150832,150834],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,150829,212],{"class":211},[64,150831,144],{"class":95},[64,150833,2229],{"class":140},[64,150835,150],{"class":95},[64,150837,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846,150848],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,150839,212],{"class":211},[64,150841,144],{"class":95},[64,150843,1779],{"class":1778},[64,150845,144],{"class":95},[64,150847,2229],{"class":140},[64,150849,1737],{"class":95},[14,150851,2035],{},[54,150853,150855],{"className":56,"code":150854,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[61,150856,150857,150873],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150858,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150860,144],{"class":95},[64,150862,100],{"class":99},[64,150864,103],{"class":95},[64,150866,106],{"class":99},[64,150868,103],{"class":95},[64,150870,743],{"class":99},[64,150872,150],{"class":95},[64,150874,150875,150877,150879,150881,150883,150885],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150876,3250],{"class":91},[64,150878,3253],{"class":2029},[64,150880,3256],{"class":1418},[64,150882,48911],{"class":1422},[64,150884,3261],{"class":1418},[64,150886,3264],{"class":91},[14,150888,256,150889,150891],{},[61,150890,150773],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[49,150893,150895],{"id":150894},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150897,150898,62875],{},[61,150899,38003],{},[14,150901,48885],{},[21,150903,150904,150907,150910],{},[24,150905,150906],{},"creates a tuple object",[24,150908,150909],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[24,150911,150912],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150914,150915,150916,150918,150919,137],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[543,150917,149068],{"href":149067}," or the full guide to ",[543,150920,147764],{"href":147763},[49,150922,2120],{"id":2119},[14,150924,26442],{},[54,150926,150928],{"className":56,"code":150927,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[61,150929,150930,150936],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150931,150932,150934],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150933,48911],{"class":1778},[64,150935,366],{"class":95},[64,150937,150938,150940,150942,150944],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150939,48911],{"class":1778},[64,150941,144],{"class":95},[64,150943,3683],{"class":140},[64,150945,150],{"class":95},[14,150947,11432],{},[21,150949,150950,150953],{},[24,150951,150952],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[24,150954,150955,150956],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[21,150957,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966],{},[24,150959,5266],{},[24,150961,5275],{},[24,150963,62946],{},[24,150965,5272],{},[24,150967,7219],{},[14,150969,150970],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[49,150972,149441],{"id":149440},[14,150974,29604,150975,150977],{},[61,150976,38003],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[54,150979,150981],{"className":56,"code":150980,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[61,150982,150983,150993,150997,151007],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,150984,150985,150987,150989,150991],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150986,124628],{"class":74},[64,150988,92],{"class":91},[64,150990,149130],{"class":1778},[64,150992,366],{"class":95},[64,150994,150995],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,150996,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,150998,150999,151001,151003,151005],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,151000,212],{"class":211},[64,151002,144],{"class":95},[64,151004,124679],{"class":140},[64,151006,150],{"class":95},[64,151008,151009,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,151010,212],{"class":211},[64,151012,144],{"class":95},[64,151014,1779],{"class":1778},[64,151016,144],{"class":95},[64,151018,124679],{"class":140},[64,151020,1737],{"class":95},[14,151022,2035],{},[54,151024,151025],{"className":56,"code":149486,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,151026,151027,151031],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151028,151029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151030,366],{"class":95},[64,151032,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151034,3250],{"class":91},[64,151036,3253],{"class":2029},[64,151038,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151040,48911],{"class":1422},[64,151042,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151044,3264],{"class":91},[14,151046,151047],{},"This is equivalent to:",[54,151049,151051],{"className":56,"code":151050,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty = ()\n",[61,151052,151053],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151054,151055,151057,151059],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151056,124628],{"class":74},[64,151058,92],{"class":91},[64,151060,149106],{"class":95},[49,151062,151064],{"id":151063},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[816,151066,151068],{"id":151067},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151070,151071],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[54,151073,151075],{"className":56,"code":151074,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,151076,151077,151097,151111,151115],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151078,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091,151093,151095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151080,1161],{"class":74},[64,151082,92],{"class":91},[64,151084,112],{"class":95},[64,151086,1432],{"class":99},[64,151088,103],{"class":95},[64,151090,1437],{"class":99},[64,151092,103],{"class":95},[64,151094,7764],{"class":99},[64,151096,746],{"class":95},[64,151098,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151100,2194],{"class":74},[64,151102,92],{"class":91},[64,151104,149130],{"class":1778},[64,151106,144],{"class":95},[64,151108,3611],{"class":140},[64,151110,150],{"class":95},[64,151112,151113],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,151114,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,151116,151117,151119,151121,151123],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,151118,212],{"class":211},[64,151120,144],{"class":95},[64,151122,2229],{"class":140},[64,151124,150],{"class":95},[14,151126,2035],{},[54,151128,151130],{"className":56,"code":151129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[61,151131,151132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151133,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151135,144],{"class":95},[64,151137,1432],{"class":99},[64,151139,103],{"class":95},[64,151141,1437],{"class":99},[64,151143,103],{"class":95},[64,151145,7764],{"class":99},[64,151147,150],{"class":95},[14,151149,151150,151151,137],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[543,151152,105000],{"href":60004},[816,151154,151156],{"id":151155},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151158,151159],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[54,151161,151163],{"className":56,"code":151162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,151164,151165,151177,151191,151195],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151166,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151168,34645],{"class":74},[64,151170,92],{"class":91},[64,151172,3315],{"class":1418},[64,151174,37004],{"class":1422},[64,151176,3321],{"class":1418},[64,151178,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187,151189],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151180,2194],{"class":74},[64,151182,92],{"class":91},[64,151184,149130],{"class":1778},[64,151186,144],{"class":95},[64,151188,34666],{"class":140},[64,151190,150],{"class":95},[64,151192,151193],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,151194,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,151196,151197,151199,151201,151203],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,151198,212],{"class":211},[64,151200,144],{"class":95},[64,151202,2229],{"class":140},[64,151204,150],{"class":95},[14,151206,2035],{},[54,151208,151210],{"className":56,"code":151209,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[61,151211,151212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151213,151214,151216,151218,151220,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232,151234,151236,151238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151215,144],{"class":95},[64,151217,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151219,9711],{"class":1422},[64,151221,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151223,103],{"class":95},[64,151225,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151227,543],{"class":1422},[64,151229,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151231,103],{"class":95},[64,151233,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151235,63236],{"class":1422},[64,151237,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151239,150],{"class":95},[14,151241,151242,151243,14015,151246,151248,151249,137],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[61,151244,151245],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[37,151247,300],{}," create ",[61,151250,151251],{},"('cat',)",[816,151253,151255],{"id":151254},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151257,151258,151260,151261,151263],{},[61,151259,36155],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[61,151262,38003],{}," collects them all.",[54,151265,151267],{"className":56,"code":151266,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,151268,151269,151287,151291],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151270,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151272,2194],{"class":74},[64,151274,92],{"class":91},[64,151276,149130],{"class":1778},[64,151278,144],{"class":95},[64,151280,59947],{"class":211},[64,151282,144],{"class":95},[64,151284,385],{"class":99},[64,151286,1737],{"class":95},[64,151288,151289],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151290,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,151292,151293,151295,151297,151299],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,151294,212],{"class":211},[64,151296,144],{"class":95},[64,151298,2229],{"class":140},[64,151300,150],{"class":95},[14,151302,2035],{},[54,151304,151306],{"className":56,"code":151305,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[61,151307,151308],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151309,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151311,144],{"class":95},[64,151313,187],{"class":99},[64,151315,103],{"class":95},[64,151317,5465],{"class":99},[64,151319,103],{"class":95},[64,151321,106],{"class":99},[64,151323,103],{"class":95},[64,151325,743],{"class":99},[64,151327,103],{"class":95},[64,151329,120],{"class":99},[64,151331,150],{"class":95},[816,151333,151335],{"id":151334},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151337,151338],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[54,151340,151342],{"className":56,"code":151341,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,151343,151344,151364,151378,151382],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151345,151346,151348,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151347,3786],{"class":74},[64,151349,92],{"class":91},[64,151351,1415],{"class":95},[64,151353,100],{"class":99},[64,151355,103],{"class":95},[64,151357,106],{"class":99},[64,151359,103],{"class":95},[64,151361,743],{"class":99},[64,151363,9280],{"class":95},[64,151365,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151367,2194],{"class":74},[64,151369,92],{"class":91},[64,151371,149130],{"class":1778},[64,151373,144],{"class":95},[64,151375,5325],{"class":140},[64,151377,150],{"class":95},[64,151379,151380],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,151381,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,151383,151384,151386,151388,151390],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,151385,212],{"class":211},[64,151387,144],{"class":95},[64,151389,2229],{"class":140},[64,151391,150],{"class":95},[14,151393,2035],{},[54,151395,151396],{"className":56,"code":149343,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,151397,151398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151399,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151401,144],{"class":95},[64,151403,100],{"class":99},[64,151405,103],{"class":95},[64,151407,106],{"class":99},[64,151409,103],{"class":95},[64,151411,743],{"class":99},[64,151413,150],{"class":95},[14,151415,151416,151417,137],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[543,151418,151420],{"href":151419},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[816,151422,151424],{"id":151423},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151426,63489,151427,151429],{},[61,151428,38003],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[54,151431,151433],{"className":56,"code":151432,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[61,151434,151435,151471,151485,151489],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151436,151437,151439,151441,151443,151445,151447,151449,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151438,13170],{"class":74},[64,151440,92],{"class":91},[64,151442,1415],{"class":95},[64,151444,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151446,7637],{"class":1422},[64,151448,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151450,1117],{"class":95},[64,151452,3315],{"class":1418},[64,151454,12846],{"class":1422},[64,151456,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151458,103],{"class":95},[64,151460,3315],{"class":1418},[64,151462,9270],{"class":1422},[64,151464,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151466,1117],{"class":95},[64,151468,9277],{"class":99},[64,151470,9280],{"class":95},[64,151472,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151474,2194],{"class":74},[64,151476,92],{"class":91},[64,151478,149130],{"class":1778},[64,151480,144],{"class":95},[64,151482,17260],{"class":140},[64,151484,150],{"class":95},[64,151486,151487],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,151488,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,151490,151491,151493,151495,151497],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,151492,212],{"class":211},[64,151494,144],{"class":95},[64,151496,2229],{"class":140},[64,151498,150],{"class":95},[14,151500,29984],{},[54,151502,151504],{"className":56,"code":151503,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('name', 'age')\n",[61,151505,151506],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151507,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151509,144],{"class":95},[64,151511,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151513,7637],{"class":1422},[64,151515,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151517,103],{"class":95},[64,151519,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151521,9270],{"class":1422},[64,151523,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151525,150],{"class":95},[49,151527,151529],{"id":151528},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151531,151532],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151534,151535,151538],{},[61,151536,151537],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[54,151540,151542],{"className":56,"code":151541,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[61,151543,151544,151580,151584,151598],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151545,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151547,13170],{"class":74},[64,151549,92],{"class":91},[64,151551,1415],{"class":95},[64,151553,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151555,7637],{"class":1422},[64,151557,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151559,1117],{"class":95},[64,151561,3315],{"class":1418},[64,151563,12846],{"class":1422},[64,151565,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151567,103],{"class":95},[64,151569,3315],{"class":1418},[64,151571,9270],{"class":1422},[64,151573,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151575,1117],{"class":95},[64,151577,9277],{"class":99},[64,151579,9280],{"class":95},[64,151581,151582],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151583,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,151585,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,151587,212],{"class":211},[64,151589,144],{"class":95},[64,151591,48911],{"class":1778},[64,151593,144],{"class":95},[64,151595,17260],{"class":140},[64,151597,1737],{"class":95},[64,151599,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,151601,212],{"class":211},[64,151603,144],{"class":95},[64,151605,48911],{"class":1778},[64,151607,144],{"class":95},[64,151609,17260],{"class":140},[64,151611,137],{"class":95},[64,151613,7779],{"class":140},[64,151615,6259],{"class":95},[14,151617,2035],{},[54,151619,151621],{"className":56,"code":151620,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[61,151622,151623,151643],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151624,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151626,144],{"class":95},[64,151628,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151630,7637],{"class":1422},[64,151632,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151634,103],{"class":95},[64,151636,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151638,9270],{"class":1422},[64,151640,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151642,150],{"class":95},[64,151644,151645,151647,151649,151651,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151646,5478],{"class":95},[64,151648,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151650,7637],{"class":1422},[64,151652,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151654,103],{"class":95},[64,151656,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151658,12846],{"class":1422},[64,151660,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151662,1727],{"class":95},[64,151664,9207],{"class":95},[64,151666,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151668,9270],{"class":1422},[64,151670,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151672,103],{"class":95},[64,151674,9277],{"class":99},[64,151676,1737],{"class":95},[14,151678,18648],{},[21,151680,151681,151686],{},[24,151682,151683,151685],{},[61,151684,151537],{}," for keys",[24,151687,151688,32513],{},[61,151689,151690],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151692,151693,151694,137],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[543,151695,63499],{"href":63498},[49,151697,151699],{"id":151698},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151701,151702,18272],{},[61,151703,38003],{},[21,151705,151706,151709,151712,151715],{},[24,151707,151708],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[24,151710,151711],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[24,151713,151714],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[24,151716,151717],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151719,318],{},[54,151721,151723],{"className":56,"code":151722,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[61,151724,151725,151744],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151726,151727,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151728,151729],{"class":74},"coordinates ",[64,151731,92],{"class":91},[64,151733,149130],{"class":1778},[64,151735,382],{"class":95},[64,151737,772],{"class":99},[64,151739,103],{"class":95},[64,151741,5962],{"class":99},[64,151743,393],{"class":95},[64,151745,151746,151748,151750,151753],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,151747,212],{"class":211},[64,151749,144],{"class":95},[64,151751,151752],{"class":140},"coordinates",[64,151754,150],{"class":95},[14,151756,2035],{},[54,151758,151760],{"className":56,"code":151759,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(4, 7)\n",[61,151761,151762],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151763,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151765,144],{"class":95},[64,151767,772],{"class":99},[64,151769,103],{"class":95},[64,151771,5962],{"class":99},[64,151773,150],{"class":95},[14,151775,151776],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[21,151778,151779,151781,151784,151787],{},[24,151780,151752],{},[24,151782,151783],{},"RGB colors",[24,151785,151786],{},"dates",[24,151788,151789],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[49,151791,151793],{"id":151792},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151795,44386,151796,10573],{},[61,151797,38003],{},[21,151799,151800,151803,151806],{},[24,151801,151802],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[24,151804,151805],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[24,151807,151808],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151810,716,151811,151813],{},[37,151812,300],{}," work:",[54,151815,151817],{"className":56,"code":151816,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple(5)\n",[61,151818,151819],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151820,151821,151823,151825,151827],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151822,48911],{"class":1778},[64,151824,144],{"class":95},[64,151826,385],{"class":99},[64,151828,150],{"class":95},[14,151830,151831],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151833,151834],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[49,151836,115265],{"id":115264},[14,151838,151839],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[816,151841,151843],{"id":151842},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151845,2797],{},[54,151847,151848],{"className":56,"code":151816,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,151849,151850],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151851,151852,151854,151856,151858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151853,48911],{"class":1778},[64,151855,144],{"class":95},[64,151857,385],{"class":99},[64,151859,150],{"class":95},[14,151861,29635],{},[54,151863,151864],{"className":56,"code":63603,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,151865,151866],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151867,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151869,2964],{"class":1778},[64,151871,1117],{"class":95},[64,151873,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151875,2152],{"class":1422},[64,151877,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151879,24571],{"class":1778},[64,151881,980],{"class":91},[64,151883,8069],{"class":91},[64,151885,63626],{"class":74},[14,151887,151888,151889,137],{},"If you see this, read ",[543,151890,62240],{"href":52559},[816,151892,151894],{"id":151893},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151896,151897],{},"This code:",[54,151899,151901],{"className":56,"code":151900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[61,151902,151903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151904,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151906,48911],{"class":1778},[64,151908,144],{"class":95},[64,151910,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151912,3809],{"class":1422},[64,151914,1419],{"class":1418},[64,151916,150],{"class":95},[14,151918,151919],{},"returns:",[54,151921,151923],{"className":56,"code":151922,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[61,151924,151925],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151926,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963,151965,151967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151928,144],{"class":95},[64,151930,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151932,60387],{"class":1422},[64,151934,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151936,103],{"class":95},[64,151938,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151940,60396],{"class":1422},[64,151942,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151944,103],{"class":95},[64,151946,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151948,60405],{"class":1422},[64,151950,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151952,103],{"class":95},[64,151954,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151956,60405],{"class":1422},[64,151958,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151960,103],{"class":95},[64,151962,3256],{"class":1418},[64,151964,60422],{"class":1422},[64,151966,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151968,150],{"class":95},[14,151970,40864,151971,151973],{},[37,151972,300],{}," return:",[54,151975,151977],{"className":56,"code":151976,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('hello',)\n",[61,151978,151979],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,151980,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151982,144],{"class":95},[64,151984,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151986,3809],{"class":1422},[64,151988,3261],{"class":1418},[64,151990,149120],{"class":95},[14,151992,151993],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[54,151995,151997],{"className":56,"code":151996,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[61,151998,151999,152016],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152000,152001,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152002,152003],{"class":74},"single ",[64,152005,92],{"class":91},[64,152007,9207],{"class":95},[64,152009,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152011,3809],{"class":1422},[64,152013,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152015,149120],{"class":95},[64,152017,152018,152020,152022,152025],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152019,212],{"class":211},[64,152021,144],{"class":95},[64,152023,152024],{"class":140},"single",[64,152026,150],{"class":95},[816,152028,152030],{"id":152029},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152032,151897],{},[54,152034,152036],{"className":56,"code":152035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[61,152037,152038,152070],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152039,152040,152042,152044,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064,152066,152068],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152041,9137],{"class":74},[64,152043,92],{"class":91},[64,152045,1415],{"class":95},[64,152047,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152049,543],{"class":1422},[64,152051,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152053,1117],{"class":95},[64,152055,5465],{"class":99},[64,152057,103],{"class":95},[64,152059,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152061,1235],{"class":1422},[64,152063,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152065,1117],{"class":95},[64,152067,106],{"class":99},[64,152069,9280],{"class":95},[64,152071,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152073,212],{"class":211},[64,152075,144],{"class":95},[64,152077,48911],{"class":1778},[64,152079,144],{"class":95},[64,152081,9176],{"class":140},[64,152083,1737],{"class":95},[14,152085,152086],{},"returns only the keys:",[54,152088,152090],{"className":56,"code":152089,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('a', 'b')\n",[61,152091,152092],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152093,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152095,144],{"class":95},[64,152097,3261],{"class":1418},[64,152099,543],{"class":1422},[64,152101,3261],{"class":1418},[64,152103,103],{"class":95},[64,152105,3256],{"class":1418},[64,152107,1235],{"class":1422},[64,152109,3261],{"class":1418},[64,152111,150],{"class":95},[14,152113,152114],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[54,152116,152118],{"className":56,"code":152117,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[61,152119,152120],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152121,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152123,212],{"class":211},[64,152125,144],{"class":95},[64,152127,48911],{"class":1778},[64,152129,144],{"class":95},[64,152131,9176],{"class":140},[64,152133,137],{"class":95},[64,152135,7779],{"class":140},[64,152137,6259],{"class":95},[816,152139,152141],{"id":152140},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152143,152144,152145,152147],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[61,152146,38003],{}," conversion.",[14,152149,5439],{},[54,152151,152153],{"className":56,"code":152152,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[61,152154,152155,152175],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152156,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152158,2411],{"class":74},[64,152160,92],{"class":91},[64,152162,9207],{"class":95},[64,152164,100],{"class":99},[64,152166,103],{"class":95},[64,152168,106],{"class":99},[64,152170,103],{"class":95},[64,152172,743],{"class":99},[64,152174,150],{"class":95},[64,152176,152177,152179,152181,152183],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152178,212],{"class":211},[64,152180,144],{"class":95},[64,152182,2436],{"class":140},[64,152184,150],{"class":95},[14,152186,152187],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152189,25460,152190,152192],{},[61,152191,38003],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[49,152194,1826],{"id":1825},[816,152196,152198],{"id":152197},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152200,152201],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[816,152203,152205],{"id":152204},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152207,152208,152209,137],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[61,152210,7334],{},[816,152212,152214],{"id":152213},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152216,152217],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[816,152219,152221],{"id":152220},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152223,152224],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[816,152226,152228],{"id":152227},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152230,152231,152232,137],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[61,152233,2964],{},[49,152235,1865],{"id":1864},[21,152237,152238,152242,152246,152250,152254,152258],{},[24,152239,152240],{},[543,152241,147764],{"href":147763},[24,152243,152244],{},[543,152245,150691],{"href":149067},[24,152247,152248],{},[543,152249,105000],{"href":60004},[24,152251,152252],{},[543,152253,151420],{"href":151419},[24,152255,152256],{},[543,152257,63499],{"href":63498},[24,152259,152260],{},[543,152261,62240],{"href":52559},[1898,152263,152264],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":152266},[152267,152268,152269,152270,152271,152278,152279,152280,152281,152287,152294],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":150894,"depth":78,"text":150895},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":149440,"depth":78,"text":149441},{"id":151063,"depth":78,"text":151064,"children":152272},[152273,152274,152275,152276,152277],{"id":151067,"depth":85,"text":151068},{"id":151155,"depth":85,"text":151156},{"id":151254,"depth":85,"text":151255},{"id":151334,"depth":85,"text":151335},{"id":151423,"depth":85,"text":151424},{"id":151528,"depth":78,"text":151529},{"id":151698,"depth":78,"text":151699},{"id":151792,"depth":78,"text":151793},{"id":115264,"depth":78,"text":115265,"children":152282},[152283,152284,152285,152286],{"id":151842,"depth":85,"text":151843},{"id":151893,"depth":85,"text":151894},{"id":152029,"depth":85,"text":152030},{"id":152140,"depth":85,"text":152141},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":152288},[152289,152290,152291,152292,152293],{"id":152197,"depth":85,"text":152198},{"id":152204,"depth":85,"text":152205},{"id":152213,"depth":85,"text":152214},{"id":152220,"depth":85,"text":152221},{"id":152227,"depth":85,"text":152228},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150749,"description":152295},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152302,"title":152303,"body":152304,"description":153717,"extension":1927,"meta":153718,"navigation":81,"path":153719,"seo":153720,"stem":153721,"__hash__":153722},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152305,"toc":153689},[152306,152311,152316,152319,152321,152400,152406,152411,152415,152430,152432,152479,152481,152489,152497,152503,152505,152510,152530,152533,152560,152562,152586,152588,152730,152732,152736,152744,152747,152749,152826,152828,152836,152840,152844,152854,152864,152866,152871,152873,152932,152937,152939,153039,153041,153055,153060,153066,153073,153076,153078,153188,153192,153209,153211,153274,153276,153284,153296,153300,153305,153333,153336,153418,153420,153431,153433,153437,153464,153466,153468,153548,153556,153558,153613,153615,153620,153623,153627,153631,153633,153637,153641,153649,153656,153659,153661,153686],[10,152307,147648,152309,11295],{"id":152308},"python-tuple-index-method",[61,152310,58916],{},[14,152312,152313,152315],{},[61,152314,148969],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152317,152318],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[49,152320,52],{"id":51},[54,152322,152324],{"className":56,"code":152323,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[61,152325,152326,152366,152388],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152327,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152329,13041],{"class":74},[64,152331,92],{"class":91},[64,152333,9207],{"class":95},[64,152335,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152337,13058],{"class":1422},[64,152339,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152341,103],{"class":95},[64,152343,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152345,13075],{"class":1422},[64,152347,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152349,103],{"class":95},[64,152351,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152353,17409],{"class":1422},[64,152355,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152357,103],{"class":95},[64,152359,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152361,13075],{"class":1422},[64,152363,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152365,150],{"class":95},[64,152367,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152369,64869],{"class":74},[64,152371,92],{"class":91},[64,152373,13089],{"class":74},[64,152375,137],{"class":95},[64,152377,35803],{"class":140},[64,152379,144],{"class":95},[64,152381,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152383,13075],{"class":1422},[64,152385,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152387,150],{"class":95},[64,152389,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,152391,212],{"class":211},[64,152393,144],{"class":95},[64,152395,64896],{"class":140},[64,152397,219],{"class":95},[64,152399,27733],{"class":222},[14,152401,152402,152405],{},[61,152403,152404],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[49,152407,3639,152409,3642],{"id":152408},"what-tupleindex-does",[61,152410,148969],{},[14,152412,1944,152413,11386],{},[61,152414,58916],{},[21,152416,152417,152420,152422,152425],{},[24,152418,152419],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[24,152421,128246],{},[24,152423,152424],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[24,152426,152427,152428],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[61,152429,187],{},[14,152431,318],{},[54,152433,152435],{"className":56,"code":152434,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[61,152436,152437,152461],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152438,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152440,1161],{"class":74},[64,152442,92],{"class":91},[64,152444,9207],{"class":95},[64,152446,1432],{"class":99},[64,152448,103],{"class":95},[64,152450,1437],{"class":99},[64,152452,103],{"class":95},[64,152454,7764],{"class":99},[64,152456,103],{"class":95},[64,152458,1437],{"class":99},[64,152460,150],{"class":95},[64,152462,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152464,212],{"class":211},[64,152466,144],{"class":95},[64,152468,3611],{"class":140},[64,152470,137],{"class":95},[64,152472,35803],{"class":140},[64,152474,144],{"class":95},[64,152476,15707],{"class":99},[64,152478,1737],{"class":95},[14,152480,2035],{},[54,152482,152483],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,152484,152485],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152486,152487],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152488,46875],{"class":99},[14,152490,20931,152491,152493,152494,152496],{},[61,152492,15707],{}," appears twice, ",[61,152495,58916],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152498,150915,152499,137],{},[543,152500,152502],{"href":152501},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[49,152504,2120],{"id":2119},[14,152506,7732,152507,152509],{},[61,152508,58916],{}," in two ways:",[54,152511,152513],{"className":56,"code":152512,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[61,152514,152515],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152516,152517,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152518,152519],{"class":74},"tuple_name",[64,152521,137],{"class":95},[64,152523,35803],{"class":140},[64,152525,144],{"class":95},[64,152527,2436],{"class":140},[64,152529,150],{"class":95},[14,152531,152532],{},"or:",[54,152534,152536],{"className":56,"code":152535,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[61,152537,152538],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152539,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152541,152519],{"class":74},[64,152543,137],{"class":95},[64,152545,35803],{"class":140},[64,152547,144],{"class":95},[64,152549,2436],{"class":140},[64,152551,103],{"class":95},[64,152553,36009],{"class":140},[64,152555,103],{"class":95},[64,152557,64990],{"class":140},[64,152559,150],{"class":95},[816,152561,17348],{"id":17347},[21,152563,152564,152569,152574,152579],{},[24,152565,152566,152568],{},[61,152567,2436],{}," — the item to search for",[24,152570,152571,152573],{},[61,152572,36030],{}," — optional starting position",[24,152575,152576,152578],{},[61,152577,52620],{}," — optional ending position",[24,152580,152581,4747,152583,152585],{},[61,152582,52620],{},[37,152584,65019],{}," in the search",[14,152587,318],{},[54,152589,152591],{"className":56,"code":152590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[61,152592,152593,152641,152645,152670,152698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152594,152595,152597,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152596,36048],{"class":74},[64,152598,92],{"class":91},[64,152600,9207],{"class":95},[64,152602,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152604,543],{"class":1422},[64,152606,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152608,103],{"class":95},[64,152610,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152612,1235],{"class":1422},[64,152614,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152616,103],{"class":95},[64,152618,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152620,9711],{"class":1422},[64,152622,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152624,103],{"class":95},[64,152626,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152628,1235],{"class":1422},[64,152630,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152632,103],{"class":95},[64,152634,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152636,18721],{"class":1422},[64,152638,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152640,150],{"class":95},[64,152642,152643],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152644,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,152646,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,152648,212],{"class":211},[64,152650,144],{"class":95},[64,152652,36101],{"class":140},[64,152654,137],{"class":95},[64,152656,35803],{"class":140},[64,152658,144],{"class":95},[64,152660,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152662,1235],{"class":1422},[64,152664,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152666,5328],{"class":95},[64,152668,152669],{"class":222},"        # 1\n",[64,152671,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,152673,212],{"class":211},[64,152675,144],{"class":95},[64,152677,36101],{"class":140},[64,152679,137],{"class":95},[64,152681,35803],{"class":140},[64,152683,144],{"class":95},[64,152685,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152687,1235],{"class":1422},[64,152689,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152691,103],{"class":95},[64,152693,106],{"class":99},[64,152695,5328],{"class":95},[64,152697,50877],{"class":222},[64,152699,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,152701,212],{"class":211},[64,152703,144],{"class":95},[64,152705,36101],{"class":140},[64,152707,137],{"class":95},[64,152709,35803],{"class":140},[64,152711,144],{"class":95},[64,152713,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152715,1235],{"class":1422},[64,152717,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152719,103],{"class":95},[64,152721,5465],{"class":99},[64,152723,103],{"class":95},[64,152725,743],{"class":99},[64,152727,5328],{"class":95},[64,152729,27733],{"class":222},[49,152731,103327],{"id":103326},[14,152733,152734,25463],{},[61,152735,148969],{},[21,152737,152738,152741],{},[24,152739,152740],{},"An integer",[24,152742,152743],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152745,152746],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152748,318],{},[54,152750,152752],{"className":56,"code":152751,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[61,152753,152754,152794,152816],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152755,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152757,108426],{"class":74},[64,152759,92],{"class":91},[64,152761,9207],{"class":95},[64,152763,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152765,37004],{"class":1422},[64,152767,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152769,103],{"class":95},[64,152771,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152773,58076],{"class":1422},[64,152775,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152777,103],{"class":95},[64,152779,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152781,58093],{"class":1422},[64,152783,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152785,103],{"class":95},[64,152787,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152789,58076],{"class":1422},[64,152791,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152793,150],{"class":95},[64,152795,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152797,2194],{"class":74},[64,152799,92],{"class":91},[64,152801,108469],{"class":74},[64,152803,137],{"class":95},[64,152805,35803],{"class":140},[64,152807,144],{"class":95},[64,152809,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152811,58076],{"class":1422},[64,152813,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152815,150],{"class":95},[64,152817,152818,152820,152822,152824],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,152819,212],{"class":211},[64,152821,144],{"class":95},[64,152823,2229],{"class":140},[64,152825,150],{"class":95},[14,152827,2035],{},[54,152829,152830],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,152831,152832],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152833,152834],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152835,46875],{"class":99},[49,152837,152839],{"id":152838},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152841,256,152842,10573],{},[61,152843,148969],{},[21,152845,152846,152848,152851],{},[24,152847,66048],{},[24,152849,152850],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[24,152852,152853],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152855,152856,152857,152860,152861,137],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[61,152858,152859],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[543,152862,149437],{"href":152863},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[49,152865,65580],{"id":65579},[14,152867,152868,152869,137],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[61,152870,40662],{},[14,152872,318],{},[54,152874,152876],{"className":56,"code":152875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[61,152877,152878,152910],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152879,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152881,13041],{"class":74},[64,152883,92],{"class":91},[64,152885,9207],{"class":95},[64,152887,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152889,13058],{"class":1422},[64,152891,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152893,103],{"class":95},[64,152895,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152897,13075],{"class":1422},[64,152899,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152901,103],{"class":95},[64,152903,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152905,17409],{"class":1422},[64,152907,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152909,150],{"class":95},[64,152911,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152913,212],{"class":211},[64,152915,144],{"class":95},[64,152917,17456],{"class":140},[64,152919,137],{"class":95},[64,152921,35803],{"class":140},[64,152923,144],{"class":95},[64,152925,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152927,22477],{"class":1422},[64,152929,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152931,1737],{"class":95},[14,152933,39611,152934,152936],{},[61,152935,109751],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152938,65655],{},[54,152940,152942],{"className":56,"code":152941,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[61,152943,152944,152976,152980,152996,153018,153024],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,152945,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152947,13041],{"class":74},[64,152949,92],{"class":91},[64,152951,9207],{"class":95},[64,152953,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152955,13058],{"class":1422},[64,152957,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152959,103],{"class":95},[64,152961,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152963,13075],{"class":1422},[64,152965,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152967,103],{"class":95},[64,152969,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152971,17409],{"class":1422},[64,152973,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152975,150],{"class":95},[64,152977,152978],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,152979,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,152981,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,152983,6965],{"class":70},[64,152985,3315],{"class":1418},[64,152987,22477],{"class":1422},[64,152989,1419],{"class":1418},[64,152991,21127],{"class":91},[64,152993,13089],{"class":74},[64,152995,6363],{"class":95},[64,152997,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,152999,8039],{"class":211},[64,153001,144],{"class":95},[64,153003,17456],{"class":140},[64,153005,137],{"class":95},[64,153007,35803],{"class":140},[64,153009,144],{"class":95},[64,153011,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153013,22477],{"class":1422},[64,153015,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153017,1737],{"class":95},[64,153019,153020,153022],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,153021,27388],{"class":70},[64,153023,6363],{"class":95},[64,153025,153026,153028,153030,153032,153035,153037],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,153027,8039],{"class":211},[64,153029,144],{"class":95},[64,153031,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153033,153034],{"class":1422},"Value not found",[64,153036,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153038,150],{"class":95},[14,153040,2035],{},[54,153042,153044],{"className":56,"code":153043,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Value not found\n",[61,153045,153046],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153047,153048,153051,153053],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153049,153050],{"class":74},"Value ",[64,153052,300],{"class":91},[64,153054,65779],{"class":74},[14,153056,153057,153058,137],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[543,153059,65789],{"href":65788},[49,153061,1654,153062,40,153064],{"id":65356},[61,153063,36030],{},[61,153065,52620],{},[14,153067,1944,153068,40,153070,153072],{},[61,153069,36030],{},[61,153071,52620],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153074,153075],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153077,318],{},[54,153079,153081],{"className":56,"code":153080,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[61,153082,153083,153111,153115,153136,153160],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153084,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153086,3786],{"class":74},[64,153088,92],{"class":91},[64,153090,9207],{"class":95},[64,153092,385],{"class":99},[64,153094,103],{"class":95},[64,153096,5973],{"class":99},[64,153098,103],{"class":95},[64,153100,4570],{"class":99},[64,153102,103],{"class":95},[64,153104,1437],{"class":99},[64,153106,103],{"class":95},[64,153108,4570],{"class":99},[64,153110,150],{"class":95},[64,153112,153113],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153114,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,153116,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153118,212],{"class":211},[64,153120,144],{"class":95},[64,153122,5325],{"class":140},[64,153124,137],{"class":95},[64,153126,35803],{"class":140},[64,153128,144],{"class":95},[64,153130,385],{"class":99},[64,153132,5328],{"class":95},[64,153134,153135],{"class":222},"        # 0\n",[64,153137,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,153139,212],{"class":211},[64,153141,144],{"class":95},[64,153143,5325],{"class":140},[64,153145,137],{"class":95},[64,153147,35803],{"class":140},[64,153149,144],{"class":95},[64,153151,385],{"class":99},[64,153153,103],{"class":95},[64,153155,5465],{"class":99},[64,153157,5328],{"class":95},[64,153159,50911],{"class":222},[64,153161,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,153163,212],{"class":211},[64,153165,144],{"class":95},[64,153167,5325],{"class":140},[64,153169,137],{"class":95},[64,153171,35803],{"class":140},[64,153173,144],{"class":95},[64,153175,385],{"class":99},[64,153177,103],{"class":95},[64,153179,743],{"class":99},[64,153181,103],{"class":95},[64,153183,4570],{"class":99},[64,153185,5328],{"class":95},[64,153187,50894],{"class":222},[816,153189,153191],{"id":153190},"how-it-works","How it works",[21,153193,153194,153199,153204],{},[24,153195,153196,153198],{},[61,153197,36030],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[24,153200,153201,153203],{},[61,153202,52620],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[24,153205,1944,153206,153208],{},[61,153207,52620],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153210,318],{},[54,153212,153214],{"className":56,"code":153213,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[61,153215,153216,153244,153248],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153217,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153219,3786],{"class":74},[64,153221,92],{"class":91},[64,153223,9207],{"class":95},[64,153225,385],{"class":99},[64,153227,103],{"class":95},[64,153229,5973],{"class":99},[64,153231,103],{"class":95},[64,153233,4570],{"class":99},[64,153235,103],{"class":95},[64,153237,1437],{"class":99},[64,153239,103],{"class":95},[64,153241,4570],{"class":99},[64,153243,150],{"class":95},[64,153245,153246],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153247,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,153249,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153251,212],{"class":211},[64,153253,144],{"class":95},[64,153255,5325],{"class":140},[64,153257,137],{"class":95},[64,153259,35803],{"class":140},[64,153261,144],{"class":95},[64,153263,385],{"class":99},[64,153265,103],{"class":95},[64,153267,5465],{"class":99},[64,153269,103],{"class":95},[64,153271,120],{"class":99},[64,153273,1737],{"class":95},[14,153275,2035],{},[54,153277,153278],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,153279,153280],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153281,153282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153283,17009],{"class":99},[14,153285,153286,153287,2153,153289,17025,153291,153293,153294,137],{},"Python searches positions ",[61,153288,100],{},[61,153290,2021],{},[61,153292,115],{},", but not ",[61,153295,772],{},[49,153297,153299],{"id":153298},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153301,153302,153303,1117],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[61,153304,148969],{},[21,153306,153307,153315,153320,153327],{},[24,153308,153309,153310,153312,153313],{},"Do not confuse the ",[37,153311,2436],{}," with the ",[37,153314,35803],{},[24,153316,153317,153318],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[61,153319,187],{},[24,153321,256,153322,153326],{},[543,153323,148995,153324,1248],{"href":149047},[61,153325,57239],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[24,153328,153329,153330,153332],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[61,153331,152859],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153334,153335],{},"Example of value vs index:",[54,153337,153339],{"className":56,"code":153338,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[61,153340,153341,153373,153377,153401],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153342,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153344,36196],{"class":74},[64,153346,92],{"class":91},[64,153348,9207],{"class":95},[64,153350,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153352,4043],{"class":1422},[64,153354,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153356,103],{"class":95},[64,153358,3315],{"class":1418},[64,153360,4052],{"class":1422},[64,153362,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153364,103],{"class":95},[64,153366,3315],{"class":1418},[64,153368,33177],{"class":1422},[64,153370,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153372,150],{"class":95},[64,153374,153375],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153376,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,153378,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395,153397,153399],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153380,212],{"class":211},[64,153382,144],{"class":95},[64,153384,36248],{"class":140},[64,153386,137],{"class":95},[64,153388,35803],{"class":140},[64,153390,144],{"class":95},[64,153392,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153394,4052],{"class":1422},[64,153396,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153398,5328],{"class":95},[64,153400,27733],{"class":222},[64,153402,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,153404,212],{"class":211},[64,153406,144],{"class":95},[64,153408,36248],{"class":140},[64,153410,184],{"class":95},[64,153412,100],{"class":99},[64,153414,989],{"class":95},[64,153416,153417],{"class":222},"               # banana\n",[14,153419,2142],{},[21,153421,153422,153426],{},[24,153423,153424,15199],{},[61,153425,65224],{},[24,153427,153428,153430],{},[61,153429,100],{}," is the index",[49,153432,1646],{"id":1645},[14,153434,106065,153435,1117],{},[61,153436,148969],{},[21,153438,153439,153442,153447,153452,153459],{},[24,153440,153441],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[24,153443,8423,153444,153446],{},[61,153445,58916],{}," to return all matching positions",[24,153448,153449,153450],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[61,153451,187],{},[24,153453,153454,153455,40,153457],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[61,153456,36030],{},[61,153458,52620],{},[24,153460,37161,153461,153463],{},[61,153462,148969],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[816,153465,60659],{"id":60658},[14,153467,94328],{},[54,153469,153471],{"className":56,"code":153470,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[61,153472,153473,153483,153497,153512,153530],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153474,153475,153477,153479,153481],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153476,212],{"class":211},[64,153478,144],{"class":95},[64,153480,147782],{"class":140},[64,153482,150],{"class":95},[64,153484,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153486,212],{"class":211},[64,153488,144],{"class":95},[64,153490,11134],{"class":211},[64,153492,144],{"class":95},[64,153494,147782],{"class":140},[64,153496,1737],{"class":95},[64,153498,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153510],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153500,212],{"class":211},[64,153502,144],{"class":95},[64,153504,2411],{"class":140},[64,153506,3847],{"class":70},[64,153508,153509],{"class":140}," my_tuple",[64,153511,150],{"class":95},[64,153513,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,153515,212],{"class":211},[64,153517,144],{"class":95},[64,153519,147782],{"class":140},[64,153521,137],{"class":95},[64,153523,41218],{"class":140},[64,153525,144],{"class":95},[64,153527,2436],{"class":140},[64,153529,1737],{"class":95},[64,153531,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,153533,212],{"class":211},[64,153535,144],{"class":95},[64,153537,147782],{"class":140},[64,153539,137],{"class":95},[64,153541,35803],{"class":140},[64,153543,144],{"class":95},[64,153545,2436],{"class":140},[64,153547,1737],{"class":95},[14,153549,153550,153551,84346,153553,153555],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[61,153552,40662],{},[61,153554,2436],{}," is missing.",[14,153557,129399],{},[54,153559,153561],{"className":56,"code":153560,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[61,153562,153563,153575,153593,153599],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153564,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153566,6965],{"class":70},[64,153568,21537],{"class":74},[64,153570,3847],{"class":91},[64,153572,153509],{"class":74},[64,153574,6363],{"class":95},[64,153576,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153578,8039],{"class":211},[64,153580,144],{"class":95},[64,153582,147782],{"class":140},[64,153584,137],{"class":95},[64,153586,35803],{"class":140},[64,153588,144],{"class":95},[64,153590,2436],{"class":140},[64,153592,1737],{"class":95},[64,153594,153595,153597],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153596,27388],{"class":70},[64,153598,6363],{"class":95},[64,153600,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,153602,8039],{"class":211},[64,153604,144],{"class":95},[64,153606,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153608,153034],{"class":1422},[64,153610,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153612,150],{"class":95},[49,153614,1826],{"id":1825},[816,153616,5107,153618,12682],{"id":153617},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[61,153619,148969],{},[14,153621,153622],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[816,153624,153626],{"id":153625},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153628,153629,152496],{},[61,153630,148969],{},[816,153632,148948],{"id":148947},[14,153634,76807,153635,137],{},[61,153636,40662],{},[816,153638,153640],{"id":153639},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153642,153643,153644,40,153646,153648],{},"Yes. You can use ",[61,153645,36030],{},[61,153647,52620],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[816,153650,14857,153652,57156,153654,2456],{"id":153651},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[61,153653,148969],{},[61,153655,64815],{},[14,153657,153658],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[49,153660,1865],{"id":1864},[21,153662,153663,153669,153673,153678,153682],{},[24,153664,153665],{},[543,153666,148995,153667,1248],{"href":149047},[61,153668,57239],{},[24,153670,153671],{},[543,153672,149437],{"href":152863},[24,153674,153675],{},[543,153676,153677],{"href":150743},"Creating a tuple in Python",[24,153679,153680],{},[543,153681,65789],{"href":65788},[24,153683,153684],{},[543,153685,150691],{"href":152501},[1898,153687,153688],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":153690},[153691,153692,153694,153697,153698,153699,153700,153703,153704,153707,153716],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":152408,"depth":78,"text":153693},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120,"children":153695},[153696],{"id":17347,"depth":85,"text":17348},{"id":103326,"depth":78,"text":103327},{"id":152838,"depth":78,"text":152839},{"id":65579,"depth":78,"text":65580},{"id":65356,"depth":78,"text":66139,"children":153701},[153702],{"id":153190,"depth":85,"text":153191},{"id":153298,"depth":78,"text":153299},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646,"children":153705},[153706],{"id":60658,"depth":85,"text":60659},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":153708},[153709,153711,153712,153713,153714],{"id":153617,"depth":85,"text":153710},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153625,"depth":85,"text":153626},{"id":148947,"depth":85,"text":148948},{"id":153639,"depth":85,"text":153640},{"id":153651,"depth":85,"text":153715},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152303,"description":153717},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153724,"title":153725,"body":153726,"description":155121,"extension":1927,"meta":155122,"navigation":81,"path":152863,"seo":155123,"stem":155124,"__hash__":155125},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153727,"toc":155103},[153728,153731,153734,153737,153751,153753,153756,153850,153860,153866,153870,153873,153876,153878,153896,153898,153969,153971,153988,153992,153996,153999,154016,154019,154034,154036,154127,154130,154134,154137,154154,154156,154251,154254,154257,154261,154264,154358,154360,154379,154382,154386,154389,154391,154446,154448,154483,154486,154500,154508,154601,154610,154614,154617,154624,154627,154674,154676,154684,154687,154738,154740,154757,154762,154766,154769,154772,154774,154825,154828,154883,154886,154889,154891,154894,154914,154916,154989,154992,155005,155007,155011,155016,155020,155025,155042,155046,155049,155066,155070,155073,155075,155100],[10,153729,153725],{"id":153730},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153732,153733],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153735,153736],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[21,153738,153739,153742,153745,153748],{},[24,153740,153741],{},"positive indexes",[24,153743,153744],{},"negative indexes",[24,153746,153747],{},"common indexing mistakes",[24,153749,153750],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[49,153752,3572],{"id":3571},[14,153754,153755],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[54,153757,153759],{"className":56,"code":153758,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[61,153760,153761,153793,153797,153814,153831],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153762,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789,153791],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153764,13041],{"class":74},[64,153766,92],{"class":91},[64,153768,9207],{"class":95},[64,153770,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153772,13058],{"class":1422},[64,153774,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153776,103],{"class":95},[64,153778,3315],{"class":1418},[64,153780,17409],{"class":1422},[64,153782,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153784,103],{"class":95},[64,153786,3315],{"class":1418},[64,153788,13075],{"class":1422},[64,153790,1419],{"class":1418},[64,153792,150],{"class":95},[64,153794,153795],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153796,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,153798,153799,153801,153803,153805,153807,153809,153811],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153800,212],{"class":211},[64,153802,144],{"class":95},[64,153804,17456],{"class":140},[64,153806,184],{"class":95},[64,153808,187],{"class":99},[64,153810,989],{"class":95},[64,153812,153813],{"class":222},"   # red\n",[64,153815,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,153817,212],{"class":211},[64,153819,144],{"class":95},[64,153821,17456],{"class":140},[64,153823,184],{"class":95},[64,153825,100],{"class":99},[64,153827,989],{"class":95},[64,153829,153830],{"class":222},"   # green\n",[64,153832,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,153834,212],{"class":211},[64,153836,144],{"class":95},[64,153838,17456],{"class":140},[64,153840,184],{"class":95},[64,153842,1986],{"class":91},[64,153844,100],{"class":99},[64,153846,989],{"class":95},[64,153848,153849],{"class":222},"  # blue\n",[21,153851,153852,153857],{},[24,153853,132188,153854,153856],{},[61,153855,187],{}," is the first item.",[24,153858,153859],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153861,153862,153863,137],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[543,153864,153865],{"href":147767},"how to create a tuple in Python",[49,153867,153869],{"id":153868},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153871,153872],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153874,153875],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153877,11432],{},[21,153879,153880,153883,153890,153893],{},[24,153881,153882],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[24,153884,153885,153886,18917,153888],{},"Python starts counting at ",[61,153887,187],{},[61,153889,100],{},[24,153891,153892],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[24,153894,153895],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153897,318],{},[54,153899,153901],{"className":56,"code":153900,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[61,153902,153903,153923,153927,153941,153955],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153904,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153906,1161],{"class":74},[64,153908,92],{"class":91},[64,153910,9207],{"class":95},[64,153912,1432],{"class":99},[64,153914,103],{"class":95},[64,153916,1437],{"class":99},[64,153918,103],{"class":95},[64,153920,7764],{"class":99},[64,153922,150],{"class":95},[64,153924,153925],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153926,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,153928,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153930,212],{"class":211},[64,153932,144],{"class":95},[64,153934,3611],{"class":140},[64,153936,184],{"class":95},[64,153938,187],{"class":99},[64,153940,393],{"class":95},[64,153942,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,153944,212],{"class":211},[64,153946,144],{"class":95},[64,153948,3611],{"class":140},[64,153950,184],{"class":95},[64,153952,100],{"class":99},[64,153954,393],{"class":95},[64,153956,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,153958,212],{"class":211},[64,153960,144],{"class":95},[64,153962,3611],{"class":140},[64,153964,184],{"class":95},[64,153966,2021],{"class":99},[64,153968,393],{"class":95},[14,153970,2035],{},[54,153972,153974],{"className":56,"code":153973,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10\n20\n30\n",[61,153975,153976,153980,153984],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,153977,153978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153979,2340],{"class":99},[64,153981,153982],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,153983,71174],{"class":99},[64,153985,153986],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,153987,69790],{"class":99},[14,153989,59341,153990,137],{},[543,153991,147764],{"href":147763},[49,153993,153995],{"id":153994},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153997,153998],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[21,154000,154001,154006,154011],{},[24,154002,154003,154005],{},[61,154004,187],{}," = first item",[24,154007,154008,154010],{},[61,154009,100],{}," = second item",[24,154012,154013,154015],{},[61,154014,2021],{}," = third item",[14,154017,154018],{},"Pattern:",[54,154020,154022],{"className":56,"code":154021,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple_name[index]\n",[61,154023,154024],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154025,154026,154028,154030,154032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154027,152519],{"class":74},[64,154029,184],{"class":95},[64,154031,35803],{"class":74},[64,154033,746],{"class":95},[14,154035,318],{},[54,154037,154039],{"className":56,"code":154038,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[61,154040,154041,154073,154077,154094,154110],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154042,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154044,36196],{"class":74},[64,154046,92],{"class":91},[64,154048,9207],{"class":95},[64,154050,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154052,4043],{"class":1422},[64,154054,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154056,103],{"class":95},[64,154058,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154060,4052],{"class":1422},[64,154062,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154064,103],{"class":95},[64,154066,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154068,4061],{"class":1422},[64,154070,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154072,150],{"class":95},[64,154074,154075],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154076,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154078,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154080,212],{"class":211},[64,154082,144],{"class":95},[64,154084,36248],{"class":140},[64,154086,184],{"class":95},[64,154088,187],{"class":99},[64,154090,989],{"class":95},[64,154092,154093],{"class":222},"  # apple\n",[64,154095,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,154097,212],{"class":211},[64,154099,144],{"class":95},[64,154101,36248],{"class":140},[64,154103,184],{"class":95},[64,154105,100],{"class":99},[64,154107,989],{"class":95},[64,154109,51445],{"class":222},[64,154111,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,154113,212],{"class":211},[64,154115,144],{"class":95},[64,154117,36248],{"class":140},[64,154119,184],{"class":95},[64,154121,2021],{"class":99},[64,154123,989],{"class":95},[64,154125,154126],{"class":222},"  # cherry\n",[14,154128,154129],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[49,154131,154133],{"id":154132},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154135,154136],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[21,154138,154139,154144,154149],{},[24,154140,154141,154143],{},[61,154142,65804],{}," = last item",[24,154145,154146,154148],{},[61,154147,95358],{}," = second-to-last item",[24,154150,154151,154153],{},[61,154152,47628],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154155,318],{},[54,154157,154159],{"className":56,"code":154158,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[61,154160,154161,154193,154197,154215,154233],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154162,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154164,36196],{"class":74},[64,154166,92],{"class":91},[64,154168,9207],{"class":95},[64,154170,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154172,4043],{"class":1422},[64,154174,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154176,103],{"class":95},[64,154178,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154180,4052],{"class":1422},[64,154182,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154184,103],{"class":95},[64,154186,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154188,4061],{"class":1422},[64,154190,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154192,150],{"class":95},[64,154194,154195],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154196,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154198,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154200,212],{"class":211},[64,154202,144],{"class":95},[64,154204,36248],{"class":140},[64,154206,184],{"class":95},[64,154208,1986],{"class":91},[64,154210,100],{"class":99},[64,154212,989],{"class":95},[64,154214,154126],{"class":222},[64,154216,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,154218,212],{"class":211},[64,154220,144],{"class":95},[64,154222,36248],{"class":140},[64,154224,184],{"class":95},[64,154226,1986],{"class":91},[64,154228,2021],{"class":99},[64,154230,989],{"class":95},[64,154232,51445],{"class":222},[64,154234,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,154236,212],{"class":211},[64,154238,144],{"class":95},[64,154240,36248],{"class":140},[64,154242,184],{"class":95},[64,154244,1986],{"class":91},[64,154246,115],{"class":99},[64,154248,989],{"class":95},[64,154250,154093],{"class":222},[14,154252,154253],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154255,154256],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[49,154258,154260],{"id":154259},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154262,154263],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[54,154265,154267],{"className":56,"code":154266,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[61,154268,154269,154301,154305,154322,154339],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154270,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154272,4959],{"class":74},[64,154274,92],{"class":91},[64,154276,9207],{"class":95},[64,154278,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154280,12846],{"class":1422},[64,154282,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154284,103],{"class":95},[64,154286,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154288,35898],{"class":1422},[64,154290,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154292,103],{"class":95},[64,154294,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154296,35907],{"class":1422},[64,154298,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154300,150],{"class":95},[64,154302,154303],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154304,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154306,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154308,212],{"class":211},[64,154310,144],{"class":95},[64,154312,5003],{"class":140},[64,154314,184],{"class":95},[64,154316,187],{"class":99},[64,154318,989],{"class":95},[64,154320,154321],{"class":222},"   # first item\n",[64,154323,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,154325,212],{"class":211},[64,154327,144],{"class":95},[64,154329,5003],{"class":140},[64,154331,184],{"class":95},[64,154333,100],{"class":99},[64,154335,989],{"class":95},[64,154337,154338],{"class":222},"   # middle item\n",[64,154340,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,154342,212],{"class":211},[64,154344,144],{"class":95},[64,154346,5003],{"class":140},[64,154348,184],{"class":95},[64,154350,1986],{"class":91},[64,154352,100],{"class":99},[64,154354,989],{"class":95},[64,154356,154357],{"class":222},"  # last item\n",[14,154359,2035],{},[54,154361,154363],{"className":56,"code":154362,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[61,154364,154365,154369,154374],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154366,154367],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154368,49998],{"class":74},[64,154370,154371],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154372,154373],{"class":74},"Ben\n",[64,154375,154376],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154377,154378],{"class":74},"Cara\n",[14,154380,154381],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[49,154383,154385],{"id":154384},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154387,154388],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154390,318],{},[54,154392,154394],{"className":56,"code":154393,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[61,154395,154396,154428,154432],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154397,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154399,36048],{"class":74},[64,154401,92],{"class":91},[64,154403,9207],{"class":95},[64,154405,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154407,543],{"class":1422},[64,154409,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154411,103],{"class":95},[64,154413,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154415,1235],{"class":1422},[64,154417,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154419,103],{"class":95},[64,154421,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154423,9711],{"class":1422},[64,154425,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154427,150],{"class":95},[64,154429,154430],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154431,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154433,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154435,212],{"class":211},[64,154437,144],{"class":95},[64,154439,36101],{"class":140},[64,154441,184],{"class":95},[64,154443,385],{"class":99},[64,154445,393],{"class":95},[14,154447,2035],{},[54,154449,154451],{"className":56,"code":154450,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[61,154452,154453,154465,154470],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154454,154455,154458,154460,154463],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154456,154457],{"class":140},"Traceback ",[64,154459,144],{"class":95},[64,154461,154462],{"class":140},"most recent call last",[64,154464,8312],{"class":95},[64,154466,154467],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154468,154469],{"class":34410},"  ...\n",[64,154471,154472,154474,154476,154478,154481],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154473,70681],{"class":1778},[64,154475,1117],{"class":95},[64,154477,149130],{"class":1778},[64,154479,154480],{"class":74}," index out of ",[64,154482,70873],{"class":211},[14,154484,154485],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[21,154487,154488,154492,154496],{},[24,154489,154490],{},[61,154491,187],{},[24,154493,154494],{},[61,154495,100],{},[24,154497,154498],{},[61,154499,2021],{},[14,154501,154502,154503,137],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[543,154504,154505,154507],{"href":149002},[61,154506,42320],{}," on a tuple",[54,154509,154511],{"className":56,"code":154510,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[61,154512,154513,154545,154549,154565,154569,154587],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154514,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541,154543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154516,36048],{"class":74},[64,154518,92],{"class":91},[64,154520,9207],{"class":95},[64,154522,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154524,543],{"class":1422},[64,154526,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154528,103],{"class":95},[64,154530,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154532,1235],{"class":1422},[64,154534,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154536,103],{"class":95},[64,154538,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154540,9711],{"class":1422},[64,154542,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154544,150],{"class":95},[64,154546,154547],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154548,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154550,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154552,212],{"class":211},[64,154554,144],{"class":95},[64,154556,11134],{"class":211},[64,154558,144],{"class":95},[64,154560,36101],{"class":140},[64,154562,5328],{"class":95},[64,154564,50729],{"class":222},[64,154566,154567],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,154568,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154570,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,154572,6965],{"class":70},[64,154574,38343],{"class":211},[64,154576,144],{"class":95},[64,154578,36101],{"class":140},[64,154580,219],{"class":95},[64,154582,38353],{"class":91},[64,154584,106],{"class":99},[64,154586,6363],{"class":95},[64,154588,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,154590,8039],{"class":211},[64,154592,144],{"class":95},[64,154594,36101],{"class":140},[64,154596,184],{"class":95},[64,154598,2021],{"class":99},[64,154600,393],{"class":95},[14,154602,154603,154604,137],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[543,154605,25634,154607],{"href":154606},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[61,154608,154609],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[49,154611,154613],{"id":154612},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154615,154616],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[21,154618,154619,154621],{},[24,154620,76824],{},[24,154622,154623],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154625,154626],{},"Indexing example:",[54,154628,154630],{"className":56,"code":154629,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[61,154631,154632,154656,154660],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154633,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154635,1161],{"class":74},[64,154637,92],{"class":91},[64,154639,9207],{"class":95},[64,154641,1432],{"class":99},[64,154643,103],{"class":95},[64,154645,1437],{"class":99},[64,154647,103],{"class":95},[64,154649,7764],{"class":99},[64,154651,103],{"class":95},[64,154653,50802],{"class":99},[64,154655,150],{"class":95},[64,154657,154658],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154659,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154661,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154663,212],{"class":211},[64,154665,144],{"class":95},[64,154667,3611],{"class":140},[64,154669,184],{"class":95},[64,154671,100],{"class":99},[64,154673,393],{"class":95},[14,154675,2035],{},[54,154677,154678],{"className":56,"code":71174,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,154679,154680],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154681,154682],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154683,71174],{"class":99},[14,154685,154686],{},"Slicing example:",[54,154688,154690],{"className":56,"code":154689,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[61,154691,154692,154716,154720],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154693,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154695,1161],{"class":74},[64,154697,92],{"class":91},[64,154699,9207],{"class":95},[64,154701,1432],{"class":99},[64,154703,103],{"class":95},[64,154705,1437],{"class":99},[64,154707,103],{"class":95},[64,154709,7764],{"class":99},[64,154711,103],{"class":95},[64,154713,50802],{"class":99},[64,154715,150],{"class":95},[64,154717,154718],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154719,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,154721,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154723,212],{"class":211},[64,154725,144],{"class":95},[64,154727,3611],{"class":140},[64,154729,184],{"class":95},[64,154731,100],{"class":99},[64,154733,1117],{"class":95},[64,154735,115],{"class":99},[64,154737,393],{"class":95},[14,154739,2035],{},[54,154741,154743],{"className":56,"code":154742,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30)\n",[61,154744,154745],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154746,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154748,144],{"class":95},[64,154750,15707],{"class":99},[64,154752,103],{"class":95},[64,154754,7764],{"class":99},[64,154756,150],{"class":95},[14,154758,154759,154760,137],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[543,154761,150681],{"href":150680},[49,154763,154765],{"id":154764},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154767,154768],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154770,154771],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154773,6655],{},[54,154775,154777],{"className":56,"code":154776,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[61,154778,154779,154811],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154780,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805,154807,154809],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154782,13041],{"class":74},[64,154784,92],{"class":91},[64,154786,9207],{"class":95},[64,154788,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154790,13058],{"class":1422},[64,154792,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154794,103],{"class":95},[64,154796,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154798,17409],{"class":1422},[64,154800,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154802,103],{"class":95},[64,154804,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154806,13075],{"class":1422},[64,154808,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154810,150],{"class":95},[64,154812,154813,154815,154817,154819,154821,154823],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154814,212],{"class":211},[64,154816,144],{"class":95},[64,154818,17456],{"class":140},[64,154820,184],{"class":95},[64,154822,100],{"class":99},[64,154824,393],{"class":95},[14,154826,154827],{},"But this does not work:",[54,154829,154831],{"className":56,"code":154830,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[61,154832,154833,154865],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154834,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154836,13041],{"class":74},[64,154838,92],{"class":91},[64,154840,9207],{"class":95},[64,154842,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154844,13058],{"class":1422},[64,154846,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154848,103],{"class":95},[64,154850,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154852,17409],{"class":1422},[64,154854,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154856,103],{"class":95},[64,154858,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154860,13075],{"class":1422},[64,154862,1419],{"class":1418},[64,154864,150],{"class":95},[64,154866,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154868,17456],{"class":74},[64,154870,184],{"class":95},[64,154872,100],{"class":99},[64,154874,977],{"class":95},[64,154876,13241],{"class":91},[64,154878,3315],{"class":1418},[64,154880,22477],{"class":1422},[64,154882,3321],{"class":1418},[14,154884,154885],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154887,154888],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[49,154890,1646],{"id":1645},[14,154892,154893],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[21,154895,154896,154902,154905,154908],{},[24,154897,132492,154898,11064,154900],{},[61,154899,100],{},[61,154901,187],{},[24,154903,154904],{},"Using an index that is too large",[24,154906,154907],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[24,154909,154910,154911],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[61,154912,154913],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154915,62244],{},[54,154917,154919],{"className":56,"code":154918,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[61,154920,154921,154931,154945,154959,154975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,154922,154923,154925,154927,154929],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154924,212],{"class":211},[64,154926,144],{"class":95},[64,154928,147782],{"class":140},[64,154930,150],{"class":95},[64,154932,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,154934,212],{"class":211},[64,154936,144],{"class":95},[64,154938,11134],{"class":211},[64,154940,144],{"class":95},[64,154942,147782],{"class":140},[64,154944,1737],{"class":95},[64,154946,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,154948,212],{"class":211},[64,154950,144],{"class":95},[64,154952,147782],{"class":140},[64,154954,184],{"class":95},[64,154956,187],{"class":99},[64,154958,393],{"class":95},[64,154960,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969,154971,154973],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,154962,212],{"class":211},[64,154964,144],{"class":95},[64,154966,147782],{"class":140},[64,154968,184],{"class":95},[64,154970,1986],{"class":91},[64,154972,100],{"class":99},[64,154974,393],{"class":95},[64,154976,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,154978,212],{"class":211},[64,154980,144],{"class":95},[64,154982,1779],{"class":1778},[64,154984,144],{"class":95},[64,154986,147782],{"class":140},[64,154988,1737],{"class":95},[14,154990,154991],{},"These can help you confirm:",[21,154993,154994,154997,154999,155002],{},[24,154995,154996],{},"what the tuple contains",[24,154998,60733],{},[24,155000,155001],{},"what the first and last items are",[24,155003,155004],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[49,155006,1826],{"id":1825},[816,155008,155010],{"id":155009},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155012,155013,155014,137],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[61,155015,187],{},[816,155017,155019],{"id":155018},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155021,256,155022,155024],{},[61,155023,65804],{}," as the index:",[54,155026,155028],{"className":56,"code":155027,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[61,155029,155030],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155031,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155033,147782],{"class":74},[64,155035,184],{"class":95},[64,155037,1986],{"class":91},[64,155039,100],{"class":99},[64,155041,746],{"class":95},[816,155043,155045],{"id":155044},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155047,155048],{},"Python raises:",[54,155050,155052],{"className":56,"code":155051,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[61,155053,155054],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155055,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155057,70681],{"class":1778},[64,155059,1117],{"class":95},[64,155061,149130],{"class":1778},[64,155063,154480],{"class":74},[64,155065,70873],{"class":211},[816,155067,155069],{"id":155068},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155071,155072],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[49,155074,1865],{"id":1864},[21,155076,155077,155082,155086,155090,155096],{},[24,155078,155079],{},[543,155080,155081],{"href":147767},"How to create a tuple in Python",[24,155083,155084],{},[543,155085,150681],{"href":150680},[24,155087,155088],{},[543,155089,150686],{"href":149002},[24,155091,155092],{},[543,155093,26077,155094],{"href":154606},[61,155095,154609],{},[24,155097,155098],{},[543,155099,147764],{"href":147763},[1898,155101,155102],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":155104},[155105,155106,155107,155108,155109,155110,155111,155112,155113,155114,155120],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":153868,"depth":78,"text":153869},{"id":153994,"depth":78,"text":153995},{"id":154132,"depth":78,"text":154133},{"id":154259,"depth":78,"text":154260},{"id":154384,"depth":78,"text":154385},{"id":154612,"depth":78,"text":154613},{"id":154764,"depth":78,"text":154765},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":155115},[155116,155117,155118,155119],{"id":155009,"depth":85,"text":155010},{"id":155018,"depth":85,"text":155019},{"id":155044,"depth":85,"text":155045},{"id":155068,"depth":85,"text":155069},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153725,"description":155121},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155127,"title":155128,"body":155129,"description":157018,"extension":1927,"meta":157019,"navigation":81,"path":157020,"seo":157021,"stem":157022,"__hash__":157023},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155130,"toc":156975},[155131,155137,155142,155193,155197,155205,155211,155213,155229,155231,155234,155249,155251,155264,155266,155323,155327,155335,155342,155348,155354,155358,155409,155413,155421,155425,155454,155458,155466,155470,155503,155507,155515,155519,155522,155573,155577,155585,155587,155604,155608,155612,155671,155675,155683,155686,155713,155717,155725,155729,155735,155810,155814,155851,155859,155863,155926,155930,155938,155943,155947,155953,155996,156000,156008,156014,156017,156064,156068,156076,156085,156091,156146,156150,156158,156161,156165,156167,156198,156202,156221,156224,156269,156273,156296,156302,156307,156309,156356,156361,156364,156412,156416,156424,156428,156433,156437,156487,156491,156506,156510,156568,156572,156587,156591,156662,156666,156675,156679,156758,156762,156784,156792,156794,156797,156822,156824,156877,156879,156896,156898,156902,156908,156913,156918,156922,156927,156931,156936,156942,156945,156947,156972],[10,155132,155134,155135,219],{"id":155133},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[61,155136,11134],{},[14,155138,256,155139,155141],{},[61,155140,42320],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[54,155143,155145],{"className":56,"code":155144,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[61,155146,155147,155179],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155148,155149,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155150,13041],{"class":74},[64,155152,92],{"class":91},[64,155154,9207],{"class":95},[64,155156,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155158,13058],{"class":1422},[64,155160,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155162,103],{"class":95},[64,155164,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155166,17409],{"class":1422},[64,155168,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155170,103],{"class":95},[64,155172,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155174,13075],{"class":1422},[64,155176,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155178,150],{"class":95},[64,155180,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189,155191],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155182,212],{"class":211},[64,155184,144],{"class":95},[64,155186,11134],{"class":211},[64,155188,144],{"class":95},[64,155190,17456],{"class":140},[64,155192,1737],{"class":95},[14,155194,155195],{},[37,155196,2035],{},[54,155198,155199],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155200,155201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155202,155203],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155204,46575],{"class":99},[14,155206,256,155207,155210],{},[61,155208,155209],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[49,155212,15116],{"id":15115},[21,155214,155215,155220,155224,155227],{},[24,155216,4163,155217,155219],{},[61,155218,42320],{}," works with tuples",[24,155221,68208,155222,11679],{},[61,155223,42320],{},[24,155225,155226],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[24,155228,4483],{},[49,155230,2120],{"id":2119},[14,155232,155233],{},"Use this pattern:",[54,155235,155237],{"className":56,"code":155236,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len(my_tuple)\n",[61,155238,155239],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155240,155241,155243,155245,155247],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155242,11134],{"class":211},[64,155244,144],{"class":95},[64,155246,147782],{"class":140},[64,155248,150],{"class":95},[14,155250,11432],{},[21,155252,155253,155256,155259],{},[24,155254,155255],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[24,155257,155258],{},"The result is an integer",[24,155260,155261,155263],{},[61,155262,42320],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155265,318],{},[54,155267,155269],{"className":56,"code":155268,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[61,155270,155271,155295,155309,155313],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155272,155273,155275,155277,155279,155281,155283,155285,155287,155289,155291,155293],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155274,1161],{"class":74},[64,155276,92],{"class":91},[64,155278,9207],{"class":95},[64,155280,1432],{"class":99},[64,155282,103],{"class":95},[64,155284,1437],{"class":99},[64,155286,103],{"class":95},[64,155288,7764],{"class":99},[64,155290,103],{"class":95},[64,155292,50802],{"class":99},[64,155294,150],{"class":95},[64,155296,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155298,41200],{"class":74},[64,155300,92],{"class":91},[64,155302,38343],{"class":211},[64,155304,144],{"class":95},[64,155306,3611],{"class":140},[64,155308,150],{"class":95},[64,155310,155311],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,155312,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,155314,155315,155317,155319,155321],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,155316,212],{"class":211},[64,155318,144],{"class":95},[64,155320,41218],{"class":140},[64,155322,150],{"class":95},[14,155324,155325],{},[37,155326,2035],{},[54,155328,155329],{"className":56,"code":48608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155330,155331],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155332,155333],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155334,48608],{"class":99},[14,155336,155337,155338,137],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[543,155339,1877,155340,3472],{"href":42317},[61,155341,42320],{},[49,155343,3639,155345,155347],{"id":155344},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[61,155346,42320],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155349,155350,155351,155353],{},"For a tuple, ",[61,155352,42320],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[816,155355,155357],{"id":155356},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[54,155359,155361],{"className":56,"code":155360,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[61,155362,155363,155395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155364,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155366,36196],{"class":74},[64,155368,92],{"class":91},[64,155370,9207],{"class":95},[64,155372,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155374,4043],{"class":1422},[64,155376,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155378,103],{"class":95},[64,155380,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155382,4052],{"class":1422},[64,155384,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155386,103],{"class":95},[64,155388,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155390,33177],{"class":1422},[64,155392,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155394,150],{"class":95},[64,155396,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155398,212],{"class":211},[64,155400,144],{"class":95},[64,155402,11134],{"class":211},[64,155404,144],{"class":95},[64,155406,36248],{"class":140},[64,155408,1737],{"class":95},[14,155410,155411],{},[37,155412,2035],{},[54,155414,155415],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155416,155417],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155418,155419],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155420,46575],{"class":99},[816,155422,155424],{"id":155423},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[54,155426,155428],{"className":56,"code":155427,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[61,155429,155430,155439],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155431,155432,155435,155437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155433,155434],{"class":74},"empty_tuple ",[64,155436,92],{"class":91},[64,155438,149106],{"class":95},[64,155440,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449,155452],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155442,212],{"class":211},[64,155444,144],{"class":95},[64,155446,11134],{"class":211},[64,155448,144],{"class":95},[64,155450,155451],{"class":140},"empty_tuple",[64,155453,1737],{"class":95},[14,155455,155456],{},[37,155457,2035],{},[54,155459,155460],{"className":56,"code":47210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155461,155462],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155463,155464],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155465,47210],{"class":99},[816,155467,155469],{"id":155468},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[54,155471,155473],{"className":56,"code":155472,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[61,155474,155475,155488],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155476,155477,155480,155482,155484,155486],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155478,155479],{"class":74},"single_value ",[64,155481,92],{"class":91},[64,155483,9207],{"class":95},[64,155485,385],{"class":99},[64,155487,149120],{"class":95},[64,155489,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155501],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155491,212],{"class":211},[64,155493,144],{"class":95},[64,155495,11134],{"class":211},[64,155497,144],{"class":95},[64,155499,155500],{"class":140},"single_value",[64,155502,1737],{"class":95},[14,155504,155505],{},[37,155506,2035],{},[54,155508,155509],{"className":56,"code":46875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155510,155511],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155512,155513],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155514,46875],{"class":99},[816,155516,155518],{"id":155517},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155520,155521],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[54,155523,155525],{"className":56,"code":155524,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[61,155526,155527,155559],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155528,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155530,9137],{"class":74},[64,155532,92],{"class":91},[64,155534,9207],{"class":95},[64,155536,100],{"class":99},[64,155538,103],{"class":95},[64,155540,9207],{"class":95},[64,155542,2021],{"class":99},[64,155544,103],{"class":95},[64,155546,743],{"class":99},[64,155548,1727],{"class":95},[64,155550,112],{"class":95},[64,155552,772],{"class":99},[64,155554,103],{"class":95},[64,155556,4570],{"class":99},[64,155558,393],{"class":95},[64,155560,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155562,212],{"class":211},[64,155564,144],{"class":95},[64,155566,11134],{"class":211},[64,155568,144],{"class":95},[64,155570,9176],{"class":140},[64,155572,1737],{"class":95},[14,155574,155575],{},[37,155576,2035],{},[54,155578,155579],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155580,155581],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155582,155583],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155584,46575],{"class":99},[14,155586,19911],{},[21,155588,155589,155594,155599],{},[24,155590,155591,155593],{},[61,155592,100],{}," is one item",[24,155595,155596,155593],{},[61,155597,155598],{},"(2, 3)",[24,155600,155601,155593],{},[61,155602,155603],{},"[4, 5]",[49,155605,155607],{"id":155606},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[816,155609,155611],{"id":155610},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[54,155613,155615],{"className":56,"code":155614,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[61,155616,155617,155657],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155618,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155620,13041],{"class":74},[64,155622,92],{"class":91},[64,155624,9207],{"class":95},[64,155626,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155628,13058],{"class":1422},[64,155630,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155632,103],{"class":95},[64,155634,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155636,17409],{"class":1422},[64,155638,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155640,103],{"class":95},[64,155642,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155644,13075],{"class":1422},[64,155646,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155648,103],{"class":95},[64,155650,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155652,22477],{"class":1422},[64,155654,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155656,150],{"class":95},[64,155658,155659,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155660,212],{"class":211},[64,155662,144],{"class":95},[64,155664,11134],{"class":211},[64,155666,144],{"class":95},[64,155668,17456],{"class":140},[64,155670,1737],{"class":95},[14,155672,155673],{},[37,155674,2035],{},[54,155676,155677],{"className":56,"code":48608,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155678,155679],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155680,155681],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155682,48608],{"class":99},[816,155684,155424],{"id":155685},"empty-tuple-1",[54,155687,155689],{"className":56,"code":155688,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[61,155690,155691,155699],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155692,155693,155695,155697],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155694,7749],{"class":74},[64,155696,92],{"class":91},[64,155698,149106],{"class":95},[64,155700,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155702,212],{"class":211},[64,155704,144],{"class":95},[64,155706,11134],{"class":211},[64,155708,144],{"class":95},[64,155710,7779],{"class":140},[64,155712,1737],{"class":95},[14,155714,155715],{},[37,155716,2035],{},[54,155718,155719],{"className":56,"code":47210,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155720,155721],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155722,155723],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155724,47210],{"class":99},[816,155726,155728],{"id":155727},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155730,155731,155732,155734],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[37,155733,300],{}," always a tuple.",[54,155736,155738],{"className":56,"code":155737,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[61,155739,155740,155752,155764,155768,155782,155796],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155741,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155743,1186],{"class":74},[64,155745,92],{"class":91},[64,155747,9207],{"class":95},[64,155749,385],{"class":99},[64,155751,150],{"class":95},[64,155753,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155755,1202],{"class":74},[64,155757,92],{"class":91},[64,155759,9207],{"class":95},[64,155761,385],{"class":99},[64,155763,149120],{"class":95},[64,155765,155766],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,155767,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,155769,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,155771,212],{"class":211},[64,155773,144],{"class":95},[64,155775,1779],{"class":1778},[64,155777,144],{"class":95},[64,155779,543],{"class":140},[64,155781,1737],{"class":95},[64,155783,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,155785,212],{"class":211},[64,155787,144],{"class":95},[64,155789,1779],{"class":1778},[64,155791,144],{"class":95},[64,155793,1235],{"class":140},[64,155795,1737],{"class":95},[64,155797,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,155799,212],{"class":211},[64,155801,144],{"class":95},[64,155803,11134],{"class":211},[64,155805,144],{"class":95},[64,155807,1235],{"class":140},[64,155809,1737],{"class":95},[14,155811,155812],{},[37,155813,2035],{},[54,155815,155817],{"className":56,"code":155816,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[61,155818,155819,155833,155847],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155820,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829,155831],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155822,3250],{"class":91},[64,155824,3253],{"class":2029},[64,155826,3256],{"class":1418},[64,155828,2152],{"class":1422},[64,155830,3261],{"class":1418},[64,155832,3264],{"class":91},[64,155834,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155836,3250],{"class":91},[64,155838,3253],{"class":2029},[64,155840,3256],{"class":1418},[64,155842,48911],{"class":1422},[64,155844,3261],{"class":1418},[64,155846,3264],{"class":91},[64,155848,155849],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,155850,46875],{"class":99},[14,155852,155853,155854,40,155857,137],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[543,155855,155856],{"href":147767},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[543,155858,149068],{"href":149067},[816,155860,155862],{"id":155861},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[54,155864,155866],{"className":56,"code":155865,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[61,155867,155868,155912],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155869,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882,155884,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898,155900,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155871,59421],{"class":74},[64,155873,92],{"class":91},[64,155875,9207],{"class":95},[64,155877,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155879,4043],{"class":1422},[64,155881,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155883,103],{"class":95},[64,155885,112],{"class":95},[64,155887,100],{"class":99},[64,155889,103],{"class":95},[64,155891,106],{"class":99},[64,155893,109],{"class":95},[64,155895,9207],{"class":95},[64,155897,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155899,2137],{"class":1422},[64,155901,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155903,103],{"class":95},[64,155905,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155907,11719],{"class":1422},[64,155909,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155911,1737],{"class":95},[64,155913,155914,155916,155918,155920,155922,155924],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155915,212],{"class":211},[64,155917,144],{"class":95},[64,155919,11134],{"class":211},[64,155921,144],{"class":95},[64,155923,59474],{"class":140},[64,155925,1737],{"class":95},[14,155927,155928],{},[37,155929,2035],{},[54,155931,155932],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,155933,155934],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155935,155936],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155937,46575],{"class":99},[14,155939,155940,155942],{},[61,155941,42320],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[49,155944,155946],{"id":155945},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[816,155948,155950,155952],{"id":155949},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[61,155951,42320],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[54,155954,155956],{"className":56,"code":155955,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[61,155957,155958,155982],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,155959,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968,155970,155972,155974,155976,155978,155980],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155961,4034],{"class":74},[64,155963,92],{"class":91},[64,155965,9207],{"class":95},[64,155967,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155969,63545],{"class":1422},[64,155971,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155973,103],{"class":95},[64,155975,3315],{"class":1418},[64,155977,58],{"class":1422},[64,155979,1419],{"class":1418},[64,155981,150],{"class":95},[64,155983,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,155985,212],{"class":211},[64,155987,144],{"class":95},[64,155989,11134],{"class":211},[64,155991,144],{"class":95},[64,155993,4078],{"class":140},[64,155995,1737],{"class":95},[14,155997,155998],{},[37,155999,2035],{},[54,156001,156002],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,156003,156004],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156005,156006],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156007,17009],{"class":99},[14,156009,156010,156011,156013],{},"This result is ",[61,156012,2021],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156015,156016],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[54,156018,156020],{"className":56,"code":156019,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[61,156021,156022,156046],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156023,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156025,4034],{"class":74},[64,156027,92],{"class":91},[64,156029,9207],{"class":95},[64,156031,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156033,63545],{"class":1422},[64,156035,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156037,103],{"class":95},[64,156039,3315],{"class":1418},[64,156041,58],{"class":1422},[64,156043,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156045,150],{"class":95},[64,156047,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156049,212],{"class":211},[64,156051,144],{"class":95},[64,156053,11134],{"class":211},[64,156055,144],{"class":95},[64,156057,4078],{"class":140},[64,156059,184],{"class":95},[64,156061,187],{"class":99},[64,156063,1769],{"class":95},[14,156065,156066],{},[37,156067,2035],{},[54,156069,156070],{"className":56,"code":17009,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,156071,156072],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156073,156074],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156075,17009],{"class":99},[14,156077,20724,156078,156081,156082,137],{},[61,156079,156080],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[61,156083,156084],{},"\"hi\"",[816,156086,156088,156090],{"id":156087},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[61,156089,42320],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[54,156092,156094],{"className":56,"code":156093,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[61,156095,156096,156132],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156097,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156099,3786],{"class":74},[64,156101,92],{"class":91},[64,156103,9967],{"class":95},[64,156105,100],{"class":99},[64,156107,103],{"class":95},[64,156109,106],{"class":99},[64,156111,1727],{"class":95},[64,156113,9207],{"class":95},[64,156115,115],{"class":99},[64,156117,103],{"class":95},[64,156119,120],{"class":99},[64,156121,1727],{"class":95},[64,156123,9207],{"class":95},[64,156125,385],{"class":99},[64,156127,103],{"class":95},[64,156129,390],{"class":99},[64,156131,1737],{"class":95},[64,156133,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156135,212],{"class":211},[64,156137,144],{"class":95},[64,156139,11134],{"class":211},[64,156141,144],{"class":95},[64,156143,5325],{"class":140},[64,156145,1737],{"class":95},[14,156147,156148],{},[37,156149,2035],{},[54,156151,156152],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,156153,156154],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156155,156156],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156157,46575],{"class":99},[14,156159,156160],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[816,156162,156164],{"id":156163},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156166,25645],{},[54,156168,156170],{"className":56,"code":156169,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[61,156171,156172,156184],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156173,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156175,2411],{"class":74},[64,156177,92],{"class":91},[64,156179,9207],{"class":95},[64,156181,1432],{"class":99},[64,156183,150],{"class":95},[64,156185,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156187,212],{"class":211},[64,156189,144],{"class":95},[64,156191,1779],{"class":1778},[64,156193,144],{"class":95},[64,156195,2436],{"class":140},[64,156197,1737],{"class":95},[14,156199,156200],{},[37,156201,2035],{},[54,156203,156205],{"className":56,"code":156204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[61,156206,156207],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156208,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156210,3250],{"class":91},[64,156212,3253],{"class":2029},[64,156214,3256],{"class":1418},[64,156216,2152],{"class":1422},[64,156218,3261],{"class":1418},[64,156220,3264],{"class":91},[14,156222,156223],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[54,156225,156227],{"className":56,"code":156226,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[61,156228,156229,156241,156255],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156230,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156232,2411],{"class":74},[64,156234,92],{"class":91},[64,156236,9207],{"class":95},[64,156238,1432],{"class":99},[64,156240,149120],{"class":95},[64,156242,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251,156253],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156244,212],{"class":211},[64,156246,144],{"class":95},[64,156248,1779],{"class":1778},[64,156250,144],{"class":95},[64,156252,2436],{"class":140},[64,156254,1737],{"class":95},[64,156256,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156258,212],{"class":211},[64,156260,144],{"class":95},[64,156262,11134],{"class":211},[64,156264,144],{"class":95},[64,156266,2436],{"class":140},[64,156268,1737],{"class":95},[14,156270,156271],{},[37,156272,2035],{},[54,156274,156276],{"className":56,"code":156275,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[61,156277,156278,156292],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156279,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156281,3250],{"class":91},[64,156283,3253],{"class":2029},[64,156285,3256],{"class":1418},[64,156287,48911],{"class":1422},[64,156289,3261],{"class":1418},[64,156291,3264],{"class":91},[64,156293,156294],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156295,46875],{"class":99},[816,156297,156299,156301],{"id":156298},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[61,156300,11134],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156303,44386,156304,156306],{},[61,156305,11134],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156308,44417],{},[54,156310,156312],{"className":56,"code":156311,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[61,156313,156314,156322,156342],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156315,156316,156318,156320],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156317,11134],{"class":211},[64,156319,13241],{"class":91},[64,156321,1583],{"class":99},[64,156323,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156325,1161],{"class":74},[64,156327,92],{"class":91},[64,156329,9207],{"class":95},[64,156331,100],{"class":99},[64,156333,103],{"class":95},[64,156335,106],{"class":99},[64,156337,103],{"class":95},[64,156339,743],{"class":99},[64,156341,150],{"class":95},[64,156343,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156345,212],{"class":211},[64,156347,144],{"class":95},[64,156349,11134],{"class":211},[64,156351,144],{"class":95},[64,156353,3611],{"class":140},[64,156355,1737],{"class":95},[14,156357,39611,156358,156360],{},[61,156359,11134],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156362,156363],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[54,156365,156367],{"className":56,"code":156366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[61,156368,156369,156378,156398],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156370,156371,156374,156376],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156372,156373],{"class":74},"length_value ",[64,156375,92],{"class":91},[64,156377,1583],{"class":99},[64,156379,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156381,1161],{"class":74},[64,156383,92],{"class":91},[64,156385,9207],{"class":95},[64,156387,100],{"class":99},[64,156389,103],{"class":95},[64,156391,106],{"class":99},[64,156393,103],{"class":95},[64,156395,743],{"class":99},[64,156397,150],{"class":95},[64,156399,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156401,212],{"class":211},[64,156403,144],{"class":95},[64,156405,11134],{"class":211},[64,156407,144],{"class":95},[64,156409,3611],{"class":140},[64,156411,1737],{"class":95},[14,156413,156414],{},[37,156415,2035],{},[54,156417,156418],{"className":56,"code":46575,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,156419,156420],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156421,156422],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156423,46575],{"class":99},[49,156425,156427],{"id":156426},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156429,156430,156432],{},[61,156431,42320],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[816,156434,156436],{"id":156435},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[54,156438,156440],{"className":56,"code":156439,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[61,156441,156442,156450,156454,156472],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156443,156444,156446,156448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156445,7749],{"class":74},[64,156447,92],{"class":91},[64,156449,149106],{"class":95},[64,156451,156452],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156453,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,156455,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156457,6965],{"class":70},[64,156459,38343],{"class":211},[64,156461,144],{"class":95},[64,156463,7779],{"class":140},[64,156465,219],{"class":95},[64,156467,6378],{"class":91},[64,156469,3797],{"class":99},[64,156471,6363],{"class":95},[64,156473,156474,156476,156478,156480,156483,156485],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,156475,8039],{"class":211},[64,156477,144],{"class":95},[64,156479,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156481,156482],{"class":1422},"The tuple is empty",[64,156484,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156486,150],{"class":95},[14,156488,156489],{},[37,156490,2035],{},[54,156492,156494],{"className":56,"code":156493,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"The tuple is empty\n",[61,156495,156496],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156497,156498,156500,156502,156504],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156499,1944],{"class":74},[64,156501,48911],{"class":1778},[64,156503,980],{"class":91},[64,156505,8072],{"class":74},[816,156507,156509],{"id":156508},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[54,156511,156513],{"className":56,"code":156512,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[61,156514,156515,156531,156535,156553],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156516,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525,156527,156529],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156518,51344],{"class":74},[64,156520,92],{"class":91},[64,156522,9207],{"class":95},[64,156524,772],{"class":99},[64,156526,103],{"class":95},[64,156528,5962],{"class":99},[64,156530,150],{"class":95},[64,156532,156533],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156534,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,156536,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156538,6965],{"class":70},[64,156540,38343],{"class":211},[64,156542,144],{"class":95},[64,156544,51369],{"class":140},[64,156546,219],{"class":95},[64,156548,6378],{"class":91},[64,156550,106],{"class":99},[64,156552,6363],{"class":95},[64,156554,156555,156557,156559,156561,156564,156566],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,156556,8039],{"class":211},[64,156558,144],{"class":95},[64,156560,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156562,156563],{"class":1422},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[64,156565,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156567,150],{"class":95},[14,156569,156570],{},[37,156571,2035],{},[54,156573,156575],{"className":56,"code":156574,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[61,156576,156577],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156578,156579,156582,156584],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156580,156581],{"class":74},"This looks like an x",[64,156583,103],{"class":95},[64,156585,156586],{"class":74}," y coordinate\n",[816,156588,156590],{"id":156589},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[54,156592,156594],{"className":56,"code":156593,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[61,156595,156596,156625,156629,156647],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156597,156598,156600,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616,156618,156621,156623],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156599,11462],{"class":74},[64,156601,92],{"class":91},[64,156603,9207],{"class":95},[64,156605,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156607,12846],{"class":1422},[64,156609,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156611,103],{"class":95},[64,156613,9277],{"class":99},[64,156615,103],{"class":95},[64,156617,3315],{"class":1418},[64,156619,156620],{"class":1422},"Canada",[64,156622,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156624,150],{"class":95},[64,156626,156627],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156628,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,156630,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643,156645],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156632,6965],{"class":70},[64,156634,38343],{"class":211},[64,156636,144],{"class":95},[64,156638,11556],{"class":140},[64,156640,219],{"class":95},[64,156642,6378],{"class":91},[64,156644,743],{"class":99},[64,156646,6363],{"class":95},[64,156648,156649,156651,156653,156655,156658,156660],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,156650,8039],{"class":211},[64,156652,144],{"class":95},[64,156654,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156656,156657],{"class":1422},"User record has the expected number of values",[64,156659,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156661,150],{"class":95},[14,156663,156664],{},[37,156665,2035],{},[54,156667,156669],{"className":56,"code":156668,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[61,156670,156671],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156672,156673],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156674,156668],{"class":74},[816,156676,156678],{"id":156677},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[54,156680,156682],{"className":56,"code":156681,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[61,156683,156684,156716,156720,156740],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156685,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156687,36048],{"class":74},[64,156689,92],{"class":91},[64,156691,9207],{"class":95},[64,156693,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156695,543],{"class":1422},[64,156697,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156699,103],{"class":95},[64,156701,3315],{"class":1418},[64,156703,1235],{"class":1422},[64,156705,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156707,103],{"class":95},[64,156709,3315],{"class":1418},[64,156711,9711],{"class":1422},[64,156713,1419],{"class":1418},[64,156715,150],{"class":95},[64,156717,156718],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156719,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,156721,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736,156738],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156723,5926],{"class":70},[64,156725,69498],{"class":74},[64,156727,3847],{"class":70},[64,156729,54029],{"class":211},[64,156731,144],{"class":95},[64,156733,11134],{"class":211},[64,156735,144],{"class":95},[64,156737,36101],{"class":140},[64,156739,69513],{"class":95},[64,156741,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,156743,8039],{"class":211},[64,156745,144],{"class":95},[64,156747,36112],{"class":140},[64,156749,103],{"class":95},[64,156751,70046],{"class":140},[64,156753,184],{"class":95},[64,156755,36112],{"class":140},[64,156757,393],{"class":95},[14,156759,156760],{},[37,156761,2035],{},[54,156763,156764],{"className":56,"code":36124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,156765,156766,156772,156778],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156767,156768,156770],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156769,187],{"class":99},[64,156771,1592],{"class":74},[64,156773,156774,156776],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156775,100],{"class":99},[64,156777,36139],{"class":74},[64,156779,156780,156782],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156781,2021],{"class":99},[64,156783,36146],{"class":74},[14,156785,156786,156787,156789,156790,137],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[543,156788,149437],{"href":149436},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[543,156791,150681],{"href":150680},[49,156793,1646],{"id":1645},[14,156795,156796],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[21,156798,156799,156807,156814,156819],{},[24,156800,156801,156802,11064,156805],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[61,156803,156804],{},"(5)",[61,156806,149271],{},[24,156808,1654,156809,156811,156812],{},[61,156810,11134],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[61,156813,42320],{},[24,156815,8423,156816,156818],{},[61,156817,42320],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[24,156820,156821],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156823,32038],{},[54,156825,156827],{"className":56,"code":156826,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[61,156828,156829,156839,156853,156867],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,156830,156831,156833,156835,156837],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156832,212],{"class":211},[64,156834,144],{"class":95},[64,156836,147782],{"class":140},[64,156838,150],{"class":95},[64,156840,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,156842,212],{"class":211},[64,156844,144],{"class":95},[64,156846,1779],{"class":1778},[64,156848,144],{"class":95},[64,156850,147782],{"class":140},[64,156852,1737],{"class":95},[64,156854,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,156856,212],{"class":211},[64,156858,144],{"class":95},[64,156860,11134],{"class":211},[64,156862,144],{"class":95},[64,156864,147782],{"class":140},[64,156866,1737],{"class":95},[64,156868,156869,156871,156873,156875],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,156870,32108],{"class":211},[64,156872,144],{"class":95},[64,156874,11134],{"class":211},[64,156876,150],{"class":95},[14,156878,154991],{},[21,156880,156881,156884,156887,156891],{},[24,156882,156883],{},"what value you are using",[24,156885,156886],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[24,156888,25974,156889,11679],{},[61,156890,42320],{},[24,156892,123155,156893,156895],{},[61,156894,42320],{}," is documented in Python",[49,156897,1826],{"id":1825},[816,156899,156901],{"id":156900},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156903,256,156904,156907],{},[61,156905,156906],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[816,156909,12670,156911,148941],{"id":156910},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[61,156912,42320],{},[14,156914,46323,156915,156917],{},[61,156916,42320],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[816,156919,156921],{"id":156920},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156923,156924,156925,137],{},"The length is ",[61,156926,187],{},[816,156928,156930],{"id":156929},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156932,150627,156933,156935],{},[61,156934,150630],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[816,156937,12670,156939,156941],{"id":156938},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[61,156940,42320],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156943,156944],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[49,156946,1865],{"id":1864},[21,156948,156949,156955,156959,156963,156967],{},[24,156950,156951],{},[543,156952,1877,156953,3472],{"href":42317},[61,156954,42320],{},[24,156956,156957],{},[543,156958,155856],{"href":147767},[24,156960,156961],{},[543,156962,149437],{"href":149436},[24,156964,156965],{},[543,156966,150681],{"href":150680},[24,156968,156969],{},[543,156970,156971],{"href":149067},"What is a tuple in Python",[1898,156973,156974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":156976},[156977,156978,156979,156986,156992,157001,157007,157008,157017],{"id":15115,"depth":78,"text":15116},{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":155344,"depth":78,"text":156980,"children":156981},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156982,156983,156984,156985],{"id":155356,"depth":85,"text":155357},{"id":155423,"depth":85,"text":155424},{"id":155468,"depth":85,"text":155469},{"id":155517,"depth":85,"text":155518},{"id":155606,"depth":78,"text":155607,"children":156987},[156988,156989,156990,156991],{"id":155610,"depth":85,"text":155611},{"id":155685,"depth":85,"text":155424},{"id":155727,"depth":85,"text":155728},{"id":155861,"depth":85,"text":155862},{"id":155945,"depth":78,"text":155946,"children":156993},[156994,156996,156998,156999],{"id":155949,"depth":85,"text":156995},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156087,"depth":85,"text":156997},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156163,"depth":85,"text":156164},{"id":156298,"depth":85,"text":157000},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156426,"depth":78,"text":156427,"children":157002},[157003,157004,157005,157006],{"id":156435,"depth":85,"text":156436},{"id":156508,"depth":85,"text":156509},{"id":156589,"depth":85,"text":156590},{"id":156677,"depth":85,"text":156678},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":157009},[157010,157011,157013,157014,157015],{"id":156900,"depth":85,"text":156901},{"id":156910,"depth":85,"text":157012},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156920,"depth":85,"text":156921},{"id":156929,"depth":85,"text":156930},{"id":156938,"depth":85,"text":157016},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155128,"description":157018},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157025,"title":157026,"body":157027,"description":159412,"extension":1927,"meta":159413,"navigation":81,"path":159414,"seo":159415,"stem":159416,"__hash__":159417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157028,"toc":159373},[157029,157032,157035,157038,157061,157067,157069,157180,157184,157187,157197,157199,157298,157300,157377,157383,157387,157390,157413,157416,157433,157436,157438,157501,157503,157520,157531,157536,157538,157541,157547,157598,157600,157620,157624,157675,157677,157698,157702,157757,157759,157780,157784,157839,157841,157862,157866,157919,157921,157950,157952,157954,157957,157961,158018,158020,158041,158045,158098,158100,158125,158130,158134,158139,158157,158160,158223,158225,158246,158249,158310,158312,158333,158336,158379,158382,158386,158391,158395,158474,158476,158507,158511,158586,158588,158615,158619,158666,158668,158676,158681,158685,158688,158703,158705,158793,158795,158820,158823,158866,158875,158877,158880,158895,158898,158902,158956,158958,158978,158983,158987,158989,159027,159030,159080,159084,159157,159159,159196,159199,159201,159204,159224,159227,159296,159298,159311,159313,159317,159320,159324,159327,159332,159335,159341,159346,159348,159370],[10,157030,157026],{"id":157031},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157033,157034],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157036,157037],{},"Use this format:",[54,157039,157041],{"className":56,"code":157040,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[61,157042,157043],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157044,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157046,48911],{"class":74},[64,157048,184],{"class":95},[64,157050,36030],{"class":74},[64,157052,1117],{"class":95},[64,157054,75375],{"class":74},[64,157056,1117],{"class":95},[64,157058,75378],{"class":74},[64,157060,746],{"class":95},[14,157062,1944,157063,75411,157065,137],{},[61,157064,75375],{},[37,157066,65019],{},[49,157068,52],{"id":51},[54,157070,157072],{"className":56,"code":157071,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[61,157073,157074,157102,157106,157127,157144,157161],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157075,157076,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098,157100],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157077,1161],{"class":74},[64,157079,92],{"class":91},[64,157081,9207],{"class":95},[64,157083,1432],{"class":99},[64,157085,103],{"class":95},[64,157087,1437],{"class":99},[64,157089,103],{"class":95},[64,157091,7764],{"class":99},[64,157093,103],{"class":95},[64,157095,50802],{"class":99},[64,157097,103],{"class":95},[64,157099,5045],{"class":99},[64,157101,150],{"class":95},[64,157103,157104],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157105,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157107,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157109,212],{"class":211},[64,157111,144],{"class":95},[64,157113,3611],{"class":140},[64,157115,184],{"class":95},[64,157117,100],{"class":99},[64,157119,1117],{"class":95},[64,157121,772],{"class":99},[64,157123,989],{"class":95},[64,157125,157126],{"class":222},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[64,157128,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,157130,212],{"class":211},[64,157132,144],{"class":95},[64,157134,3611],{"class":140},[64,157136,75484],{"class":95},[64,157138,115],{"class":99},[64,157140,989],{"class":95},[64,157142,157143],{"class":222},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[64,157145,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,157147,212],{"class":211},[64,157149,144],{"class":95},[64,157151,3611],{"class":140},[64,157153,74071],{"class":95},[64,157155,2021],{"class":99},[64,157157,989],{"class":95},[64,157159,157160],{"class":222},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[64,157162,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,157164,212],{"class":211},[64,157166,144],{"class":95},[64,157168,3611],{"class":140},[64,157170,74071],{"class":95},[64,157172,1986],{"class":91},[64,157174,100],{"class":99},[64,157176,989],{"class":95},[64,157178,157179],{"class":222},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[49,157181,157183],{"id":157182},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157185,157186],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[21,157188,157189,157191,157194],{},[24,157190,75678],{},[24,157192,157193],{},"The result is a new tuple",[24,157195,157196],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157198,318],{},[54,157200,157202],{"className":56,"code":157201,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[61,157203,157204,157252,157256,157274,157278,157288],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157205,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157207,36048],{"class":74},[64,157209,92],{"class":91},[64,157211,9207],{"class":95},[64,157213,1419],{"class":1418},[64,157215,543],{"class":1422},[64,157217,1419],{"class":1418},[64,157219,103],{"class":95},[64,157221,3315],{"class":1418},[64,157223,1235],{"class":1422},[64,157225,1419],{"class":1418},[64,157227,103],{"class":95},[64,157229,3315],{"class":1418},[64,157231,9711],{"class":1422},[64,157233,1419],{"class":1418},[64,157235,103],{"class":95},[64,157237,3315],{"class":1418},[64,157239,18721],{"class":1422},[64,157241,1419],{"class":1418},[64,157243,103],{"class":95},[64,157245,3315],{"class":1418},[64,157247,60396],{"class":1422},[64,157249,1419],{"class":1418},[64,157251,150],{"class":95},[64,157253,157254],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157255,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157257,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157259,75608],{"class":74},[64,157261,92],{"class":91},[64,157263,70046],{"class":74},[64,157265,184],{"class":95},[64,157267,100],{"class":99},[64,157269,1117],{"class":95},[64,157271,772],{"class":99},[64,157273,746],{"class":95},[64,157275,157276],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,157277,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157279,157280,157282,157284,157286],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,157281,212],{"class":211},[64,157283,144],{"class":95},[64,157285,75631],{"class":140},[64,157287,150],{"class":95},[64,157289,157290,157292,157294,157296],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,157291,212],{"class":211},[64,157293,144],{"class":95},[64,157295,36101],{"class":140},[64,157297,150],{"class":95},[14,157299,2035],{},[54,157301,157303],{"className":56,"code":157302,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[61,157304,157305,157333],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157306,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157308,144],{"class":95},[64,157310,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157312,1235],{"class":1422},[64,157314,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157316,103],{"class":95},[64,157318,3256],{"class":1418},[64,157320,9711],{"class":1422},[64,157322,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157324,103],{"class":95},[64,157326,3256],{"class":1418},[64,157328,18721],{"class":1422},[64,157330,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157332,150],{"class":95},[64,157334,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157336,144],{"class":95},[64,157338,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157340,543],{"class":1422},[64,157342,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157344,103],{"class":95},[64,157346,3256],{"class":1418},[64,157348,1235],{"class":1422},[64,157350,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157352,103],{"class":95},[64,157354,3256],{"class":1418},[64,157356,9711],{"class":1422},[64,157358,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157360,103],{"class":95},[64,157362,3256],{"class":1418},[64,157364,18721],{"class":1422},[64,157366,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157368,103],{"class":95},[64,157370,3256],{"class":1418},[64,157372,60396],{"class":1422},[64,157374,3261],{"class":1418},[64,157376,150],{"class":95},[14,157378,157379,157380,137],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[543,157381,147764],{"href":157382},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[49,157384,157386],{"id":157385},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157388,157389],{},"The full syntax is:",[54,157391,157393],{"className":56,"code":157392,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[61,157394,157395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157396,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157398,147782],{"class":74},[64,157400,184],{"class":95},[64,157402,36030],{"class":74},[64,157404,1117],{"class":95},[64,157406,75375],{"class":74},[64,157408,1117],{"class":95},[64,157410,75378],{"class":74},[64,157412,746],{"class":95},[14,157414,157415],{},"Each part has a job:",[21,157417,157418,157423,157428],{},[24,157419,157420,157422],{},[61,157421,36030],{},": where slicing begins",[24,157424,157425,157427],{},[61,157426,75375],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[24,157429,157430,157432],{},[61,157431,75378],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157434,157435],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157437,318],{},[54,157439,157441],{"className":56,"code":157440,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[61,157442,157443,157475,157479],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157444,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157446,1161],{"class":74},[64,157448,92],{"class":91},[64,157450,9207],{"class":95},[64,157452,1432],{"class":99},[64,157454,103],{"class":95},[64,157456,1437],{"class":99},[64,157458,103],{"class":95},[64,157460,7764],{"class":99},[64,157462,103],{"class":95},[64,157464,50802],{"class":99},[64,157466,103],{"class":95},[64,157468,5045],{"class":99},[64,157470,103],{"class":95},[64,157472,76049],{"class":99},[64,157474,150],{"class":95},[64,157476,157477],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157478,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157480,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157482,212],{"class":211},[64,157484,144],{"class":95},[64,157486,3611],{"class":140},[64,157488,184],{"class":95},[64,157490,100],{"class":99},[64,157492,1117],{"class":95},[64,157494,385],{"class":99},[64,157496,1117],{"class":95},[64,157498,2021],{"class":99},[64,157500,393],{"class":95},[14,157502,2035],{},[54,157504,157506],{"className":56,"code":157505,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 40)\n",[61,157507,157508],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157509,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157511,144],{"class":95},[64,157513,15707],{"class":99},[64,157515,103],{"class":95},[64,157517,50802],{"class":99},[64,157519,150],{"class":95},[14,157521,157522,157523,157525,157526,157528,157529,137],{},"This starts at index ",[61,157524,100],{},", stops before index ",[61,157527,385],{},", and moves by ",[61,157530,2021],{},[14,157532,157533,157534,137],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[543,157535,149437],{"href":152863},[49,157537,75965],{"id":75964},[14,157539,157540],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[816,157542,157544,157545,5934],{"id":157543},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[61,157546,75979],{},[54,157548,157550],{"className":56,"code":157549,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[61,157551,157552,157580,157584],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157553,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157555,1161],{"class":74},[64,157557,92],{"class":91},[64,157559,9207],{"class":95},[64,157561,1432],{"class":99},[64,157563,103],{"class":95},[64,157565,1437],{"class":99},[64,157567,103],{"class":95},[64,157569,7764],{"class":99},[64,157571,103],{"class":95},[64,157573,50802],{"class":99},[64,157575,103],{"class":95},[64,157577,5045],{"class":99},[64,157579,150],{"class":95},[64,157581,157582],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157583,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157585,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157587,212],{"class":211},[64,157589,144],{"class":95},[64,157591,3611],{"class":140},[64,157593,75484],{"class":95},[64,157595,115],{"class":99},[64,157597,393],{"class":95},[14,157599,2035],{},[54,157601,157602],{"className":56,"code":151129,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,157603,157604],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157605,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157607,144],{"class":95},[64,157609,1432],{"class":99},[64,157611,103],{"class":95},[64,157613,1437],{"class":99},[64,157615,103],{"class":95},[64,157617,7764],{"class":99},[64,157619,150],{"class":95},[816,157621,157623],{"id":157622},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[54,157625,157627],{"className":56,"code":157626,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[61,157628,157629,157657,157661],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157630,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157632,1161],{"class":74},[64,157634,92],{"class":91},[64,157636,9207],{"class":95},[64,157638,1432],{"class":99},[64,157640,103],{"class":95},[64,157642,1437],{"class":99},[64,157644,103],{"class":95},[64,157646,7764],{"class":99},[64,157648,103],{"class":95},[64,157650,50802],{"class":99},[64,157652,103],{"class":95},[64,157654,5045],{"class":99},[64,157656,150],{"class":95},[64,157658,157659],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157660,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157662,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157664,212],{"class":211},[64,157666,144],{"class":95},[64,157668,3611],{"class":140},[64,157670,184],{"class":95},[64,157672,2021],{"class":99},[64,157674,77665],{"class":95},[14,157676,2035],{},[54,157678,157680],{"className":56,"code":157679,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[61,157681,157682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157683,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157685,144],{"class":95},[64,157687,1497],{"class":99},[64,157689,103],{"class":95},[64,157691,50802],{"class":99},[64,157693,103],{"class":95},[64,157695,5045],{"class":99},[64,157697,150],{"class":95},[816,157699,157701],{"id":157700},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[54,157703,157705],{"className":56,"code":157704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[61,157706,157707,157735,157739],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157708,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157710,1161],{"class":74},[64,157712,92],{"class":91},[64,157714,9207],{"class":95},[64,157716,1432],{"class":99},[64,157718,103],{"class":95},[64,157720,1437],{"class":99},[64,157722,103],{"class":95},[64,157724,7764],{"class":99},[64,157726,103],{"class":95},[64,157728,50802],{"class":99},[64,157730,103],{"class":95},[64,157732,5045],{"class":99},[64,157734,150],{"class":95},[64,157736,157737],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157738,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157740,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157742,212],{"class":211},[64,157744,144],{"class":95},[64,157746,3611],{"class":140},[64,157748,184],{"class":95},[64,157750,100],{"class":99},[64,157752,1117],{"class":95},[64,157754,772],{"class":99},[64,157756,393],{"class":95},[14,157758,2035],{},[54,157760,157762],{"className":56,"code":157761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[61,157763,157764],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157765,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157767,144],{"class":95},[64,157769,15707],{"class":99},[64,157771,103],{"class":95},[64,157773,7764],{"class":99},[64,157775,103],{"class":95},[64,157777,50802],{"class":99},[64,157779,150],{"class":95},[816,157781,157783],{"id":157782},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[54,157785,157787],{"className":56,"code":157786,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[61,157788,157789,157821,157825],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157790,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157792,1161],{"class":74},[64,157794,92],{"class":91},[64,157796,9207],{"class":95},[64,157798,1432],{"class":99},[64,157800,103],{"class":95},[64,157802,1437],{"class":99},[64,157804,103],{"class":95},[64,157806,7764],{"class":99},[64,157808,103],{"class":95},[64,157810,50802],{"class":99},[64,157812,103],{"class":95},[64,157814,5045],{"class":99},[64,157816,103],{"class":95},[64,157818,76049],{"class":99},[64,157820,150],{"class":95},[64,157822,157823],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157824,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157826,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157828,212],{"class":211},[64,157830,144],{"class":95},[64,157832,3611],{"class":140},[64,157834,74071],{"class":95},[64,157836,2021],{"class":99},[64,157838,393],{"class":95},[14,157840,2035],{},[54,157842,157844],{"className":56,"code":157843,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[61,157845,157846],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157847,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157849,144],{"class":95},[64,157851,1432],{"class":99},[64,157853,103],{"class":95},[64,157855,7764],{"class":99},[64,157857,103],{"class":95},[64,157859,5045],{"class":99},[64,157861,150],{"class":95},[816,157863,157865],{"id":157864},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[54,157867,157869],{"className":56,"code":157868,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[61,157870,157871,157899,157903],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157872,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157874,1161],{"class":74},[64,157876,92],{"class":91},[64,157878,9207],{"class":95},[64,157880,1432],{"class":99},[64,157882,103],{"class":95},[64,157884,1437],{"class":99},[64,157886,103],{"class":95},[64,157888,7764],{"class":99},[64,157890,103],{"class":95},[64,157892,50802],{"class":99},[64,157894,103],{"class":95},[64,157896,5045],{"class":99},[64,157898,150],{"class":95},[64,157900,157901],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,157902,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,157904,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,157906,212],{"class":211},[64,157908,144],{"class":95},[64,157910,3611],{"class":140},[64,157912,74071],{"class":95},[64,157914,1986],{"class":91},[64,157916,100],{"class":99},[64,157918,393],{"class":95},[14,157920,2035],{},[54,157922,157924],{"className":56,"code":157923,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[61,157925,157926],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157927,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157929,144],{"class":95},[64,157931,76743],{"class":99},[64,157933,103],{"class":95},[64,157935,50802],{"class":99},[64,157937,103],{"class":95},[64,157939,7764],{"class":99},[64,157941,103],{"class":95},[64,157943,1437],{"class":99},[64,157945,103],{"class":95},[64,157947,5973],{"class":99},[64,157949,150],{"class":95},[49,157951,76259],{"id":76258},[14,157953,154136],{},[14,157955,157956],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[816,157958,157960],{"id":157959},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[54,157962,157964],{"className":56,"code":157963,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[61,157965,157966,157998,158002],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,157967,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157969,1161],{"class":74},[64,157971,92],{"class":91},[64,157973,9207],{"class":95},[64,157975,1432],{"class":99},[64,157977,103],{"class":95},[64,157979,1437],{"class":99},[64,157981,103],{"class":95},[64,157983,7764],{"class":99},[64,157985,103],{"class":95},[64,157987,50802],{"class":99},[64,157989,103],{"class":95},[64,157991,5045],{"class":99},[64,157993,103],{"class":95},[64,157995,76049],{"class":99},[64,157997,150],{"class":95},[64,157999,158000],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158001,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158003,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158005,212],{"class":211},[64,158007,144],{"class":95},[64,158009,3611],{"class":140},[64,158011,184],{"class":95},[64,158013,1986],{"class":91},[64,158015,115],{"class":99},[64,158017,77665],{"class":95},[14,158019,2035],{},[54,158021,158023],{"className":56,"code":158022,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[61,158024,158025],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158026,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158028,144],{"class":95},[64,158030,56645],{"class":99},[64,158032,103],{"class":95},[64,158034,5045],{"class":99},[64,158036,103],{"class":95},[64,158038,76049],{"class":99},[64,158040,150],{"class":95},[816,158042,158044],{"id":158043},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[54,158046,158048],{"className":56,"code":158047,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[61,158049,158050,158078,158082],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158051,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158053,1161],{"class":74},[64,158055,92],{"class":91},[64,158057,9207],{"class":95},[64,158059,1432],{"class":99},[64,158061,103],{"class":95},[64,158063,1437],{"class":99},[64,158065,103],{"class":95},[64,158067,7764],{"class":99},[64,158069,103],{"class":95},[64,158071,50802],{"class":99},[64,158073,103],{"class":95},[64,158075,5045],{"class":99},[64,158077,150],{"class":95},[64,158079,158080],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158081,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158083,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158085,212],{"class":211},[64,158087,144],{"class":95},[64,158089,3611],{"class":140},[64,158091,75484],{"class":95},[64,158093,1986],{"class":91},[64,158095,100],{"class":99},[64,158097,393],{"class":95},[14,158099,2035],{},[54,158101,158103],{"className":56,"code":158102,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[61,158104,158105],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158106,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158108,144],{"class":95},[64,158110,1432],{"class":99},[64,158112,103],{"class":95},[64,158114,1437],{"class":99},[64,158116,103],{"class":95},[64,158118,7764],{"class":99},[64,158120,103],{"class":95},[64,158122,50802],{"class":99},[64,158124,150],{"class":95},[14,158126,158127,158128,137],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[543,158129,150686],{"href":157020},[49,158131,158133],{"id":158132},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158135,1944,158136,158138],{},[61,158137,75378],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[21,158140,158141,158143,158145,158151],{},[24,158142,76515],{},[24,158144,76518],{},[24,158146,158147,158150],{},[61,158148,158149],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[24,158152,158153,158154,158156],{},"A step of ",[61,158155,187],{}," is not allowed",[14,158158,158159],{},"Example with a positive step:",[54,158161,158163],{"className":56,"code":158162,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[61,158164,158165,158197,158201],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158166,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158168,1161],{"class":74},[64,158170,92],{"class":91},[64,158172,9207],{"class":95},[64,158174,1432],{"class":99},[64,158176,103],{"class":95},[64,158178,1437],{"class":99},[64,158180,103],{"class":95},[64,158182,7764],{"class":99},[64,158184,103],{"class":95},[64,158186,50802],{"class":99},[64,158188,103],{"class":95},[64,158190,5045],{"class":99},[64,158192,103],{"class":95},[64,158194,76049],{"class":99},[64,158196,150],{"class":95},[64,158198,158199],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158200,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158202,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158204,212],{"class":211},[64,158206,144],{"class":95},[64,158208,3611],{"class":140},[64,158210,184],{"class":95},[64,158212,100],{"class":99},[64,158214,1117],{"class":95},[64,158216,80543],{"class":99},[64,158218,1117],{"class":95},[64,158220,2021],{"class":99},[64,158222,393],{"class":95},[14,158224,2035],{},[54,158226,158228],{"className":56,"code":158227,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[61,158229,158230],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158231,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158233,144],{"class":95},[64,158235,15707],{"class":99},[64,158237,103],{"class":95},[64,158239,50802],{"class":99},[64,158241,103],{"class":95},[64,158243,76049],{"class":99},[64,158245,150],{"class":95},[14,158247,158248],{},"Example with a negative step:",[54,158250,158252],{"className":56,"code":158251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[61,158253,158254,158282,158286],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158255,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158257,1161],{"class":74},[64,158259,92],{"class":91},[64,158261,9207],{"class":95},[64,158263,1432],{"class":99},[64,158265,103],{"class":95},[64,158267,1437],{"class":99},[64,158269,103],{"class":95},[64,158271,7764],{"class":99},[64,158273,103],{"class":95},[64,158275,50802],{"class":99},[64,158277,103],{"class":95},[64,158279,5045],{"class":99},[64,158281,150],{"class":95},[64,158283,158284],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158285,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158287,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158289,212],{"class":211},[64,158291,144],{"class":95},[64,158293,3611],{"class":140},[64,158295,184],{"class":95},[64,158297,772],{"class":99},[64,158299,1117],{"class":95},[64,158301,100],{"class":99},[64,158303,1117],{"class":95},[64,158305,1986],{"class":91},[64,158307,100],{"class":99},[64,158309,393],{"class":95},[14,158311,2035],{},[54,158313,158315],{"className":56,"code":158314,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[61,158316,158317],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158320,144],{"class":95},[64,158322,76743],{"class":99},[64,158324,103],{"class":95},[64,158326,50802],{"class":99},[64,158328,103],{"class":95},[64,158330,7764],{"class":99},[64,158332,150],{"class":95},[14,158334,158335],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[54,158337,158339],{"className":56,"code":158338,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[61,158340,158341,158361,158365],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158342,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158344,1161],{"class":74},[64,158346,92],{"class":91},[64,158348,9207],{"class":95},[64,158350,1432],{"class":99},[64,158352,103],{"class":95},[64,158354,1437],{"class":99},[64,158356,103],{"class":95},[64,158358,7764],{"class":99},[64,158360,150],{"class":95},[64,158362,158363],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158364,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158366,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158368,212],{"class":211},[64,158370,144],{"class":95},[64,158372,3611],{"class":140},[64,158374,74071],{"class":95},[64,158376,187],{"class":99},[64,158378,393],{"class":95},[14,158380,158381],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[49,158383,158385],{"id":158384},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158387,158388,158389,33698],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[37,158390,48911],{},[816,158392,158394],{"id":158393},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[54,158396,158398],{"className":56,"code":158397,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,158399,158400,158424,158428,158446,158450,158460],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158401,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158403,1161],{"class":74},[64,158405,92],{"class":91},[64,158407,9207],{"class":95},[64,158409,1432],{"class":99},[64,158411,103],{"class":95},[64,158413,1437],{"class":99},[64,158415,103],{"class":95},[64,158417,7764],{"class":99},[64,158419,103],{"class":95},[64,158421,50802],{"class":99},[64,158423,150],{"class":95},[64,158425,158426],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158427,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158429,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158431,2194],{"class":74},[64,158433,92],{"class":91},[64,158435,1191],{"class":74},[64,158437,184],{"class":95},[64,158439,100],{"class":99},[64,158441,1117],{"class":95},[64,158443,115],{"class":99},[64,158445,746],{"class":95},[64,158447,158448],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,158449,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158451,158452,158454,158456,158458],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,158453,212],{"class":211},[64,158455,144],{"class":95},[64,158457,2229],{"class":140},[64,158459,150],{"class":95},[64,158461,158462,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,158463,212],{"class":211},[64,158465,144],{"class":95},[64,158467,1779],{"class":1778},[64,158469,144],{"class":95},[64,158471,2229],{"class":140},[64,158473,1737],{"class":95},[14,158475,2035],{},[54,158477,158479],{"className":56,"code":158478,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[61,158480,158481,158493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158482,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158484,144],{"class":95},[64,158486,15707],{"class":99},[64,158488,103],{"class":95},[64,158490,7764],{"class":99},[64,158492,150],{"class":95},[64,158494,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158496,3250],{"class":91},[64,158498,3253],{"class":2029},[64,158500,3256],{"class":1418},[64,158502,48911],{"class":1422},[64,158504,3261],{"class":1418},[64,158506,3264],{"class":91},[816,158508,158510],{"id":158509},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[54,158512,158514],{"className":56,"code":158513,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[61,158515,158516,158536,158540,158558,158562,158572],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158517,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158519,1161],{"class":74},[64,158521,92],{"class":91},[64,158523,9207],{"class":95},[64,158525,1432],{"class":99},[64,158527,103],{"class":95},[64,158529,1437],{"class":99},[64,158531,103],{"class":95},[64,158533,7764],{"class":99},[64,158535,150],{"class":95},[64,158537,158538],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158539,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158541,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158543,2194],{"class":74},[64,158545,92],{"class":91},[64,158547,1191],{"class":74},[64,158549,184],{"class":95},[64,158551,100],{"class":99},[64,158553,1117],{"class":95},[64,158555,2021],{"class":99},[64,158557,746],{"class":95},[64,158559,158560],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,158561,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158563,158564,158566,158568,158570],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,158565,212],{"class":211},[64,158567,144],{"class":95},[64,158569,2229],{"class":140},[64,158571,150],{"class":95},[64,158573,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582,158584],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,158575,212],{"class":211},[64,158577,144],{"class":95},[64,158579,1779],{"class":1778},[64,158581,144],{"class":95},[64,158583,2229],{"class":140},[64,158585,1737],{"class":95},[14,158587,2035],{},[54,158589,158591],{"className":56,"code":158590,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[61,158592,158593,158601],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158594,158595,158597,158599],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158596,144],{"class":95},[64,158598,15707],{"class":99},[64,158600,149120],{"class":95},[64,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158604,3250],{"class":91},[64,158606,3253],{"class":2029},[64,158608,3256],{"class":1418},[64,158610,48911],{"class":1422},[64,158612,3261],{"class":1418},[64,158614,3264],{"class":91},[816,158616,158618],{"id":158617},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[54,158620,158622],{"className":56,"code":158621,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[61,158623,158624,158644,158648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158625,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158627,1161],{"class":74},[64,158629,92],{"class":91},[64,158631,9207],{"class":95},[64,158633,1432],{"class":99},[64,158635,103],{"class":95},[64,158637,1437],{"class":99},[64,158639,103],{"class":95},[64,158641,7764],{"class":99},[64,158643,150],{"class":95},[64,158645,158646],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158647,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158649,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158651,212],{"class":211},[64,158653,144],{"class":95},[64,158655,3611],{"class":140},[64,158657,184],{"class":95},[64,158659,385],{"class":99},[64,158661,1117],{"class":95},[64,158663,2309],{"class":99},[64,158665,393],{"class":95},[14,158667,2035],{},[54,158669,158670],{"className":56,"code":366,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,158671,158672],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158673,158674],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158675,366],{"class":95},[14,158677,158678,158679,137],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[543,158680,155856],{"href":150743},[49,158682,158684],{"id":158683},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158686,158687],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[21,158689,158690,158692,158695,158700],{},[24,158691,76824],{},[24,158693,158694],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[24,158696,158697,158698],{},"Indexing can raise ",[61,158699,70681],{},[24,158701,158702],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158704,318],{},[54,158706,158708],{"className":56,"code":158707,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[61,158709,158710,158730,158734,158751,158772],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158711,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158713,1161],{"class":74},[64,158715,92],{"class":91},[64,158717,9207],{"class":95},[64,158719,1432],{"class":99},[64,158721,103],{"class":95},[64,158723,1437],{"class":99},[64,158725,103],{"class":95},[64,158727,7764],{"class":99},[64,158729,150],{"class":95},[64,158731,158732],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158733,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158735,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158737,212],{"class":211},[64,158739,144],{"class":95},[64,158741,3611],{"class":140},[64,158743,184],{"class":95},[64,158745,100],{"class":99},[64,158747,989],{"class":95},[64,158749,158750],{"class":222},"    # one item\n",[64,158752,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767,158769],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,158754,212],{"class":211},[64,158756,144],{"class":95},[64,158758,3611],{"class":140},[64,158760,184],{"class":95},[64,158762,100],{"class":99},[64,158764,1117],{"class":95},[64,158766,385],{"class":99},[64,158768,989],{"class":95},[64,158770,158771],{"class":222},"  # slice\n",[64,158773,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,158775,212],{"class":211},[64,158777,144],{"class":95},[64,158779,3611],{"class":140},[64,158781,184],{"class":95},[64,158783,385],{"class":99},[64,158785,1117],{"class":95},[64,158787,2309],{"class":99},[64,158789,989],{"class":95},[64,158791,158792],{"class":222},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158794,2035],{},[54,158796,158798],{"className":56,"code":158797,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[61,158799,158800,158804,158816],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158801,158802],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158803,71174],{"class":99},[64,158805,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158807,144],{"class":95},[64,158809,15707],{"class":99},[64,158811,103],{"class":95},[64,158813,7764],{"class":99},[64,158815,150],{"class":95},[64,158817,158818],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158819,366],{"class":95},[14,158821,158822],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[54,158824,158826],{"className":56,"code":158825,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[61,158827,158828,158848,158852],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158829,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158831,1161],{"class":74},[64,158833,92],{"class":91},[64,158835,9207],{"class":95},[64,158837,1432],{"class":99},[64,158839,103],{"class":95},[64,158841,1437],{"class":99},[64,158843,103],{"class":95},[64,158845,7764],{"class":99},[64,158847,150],{"class":95},[64,158849,158850],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158851,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158853,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158855,212],{"class":211},[64,158857,144],{"class":95},[64,158859,3611],{"class":140},[64,158861,184],{"class":95},[64,158863,385],{"class":99},[64,158865,393],{"class":95},[14,158867,158868,158869,158871,158872,137],{},"This raises an ",[61,158870,70681],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[543,158873,154609],{"href":158874},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[49,158876,15130],{"id":77091},[14,158878,158879],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[21,158881,158882,158885,158887,158890],{},[24,158883,158884],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[24,158886,60641],{},[24,158888,158889],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[24,158891,158892,158893],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[61,158894,187],{},[14,158896,158897],{},"Here are a few examples.",[816,158899,158901],{"id":158900},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[54,158903,158904],{"className":56,"code":157704,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,158905,158906,158934,158938],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158907,158908,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158909,1161],{"class":74},[64,158911,92],{"class":91},[64,158913,9207],{"class":95},[64,158915,1432],{"class":99},[64,158917,103],{"class":95},[64,158919,1437],{"class":99},[64,158921,103],{"class":95},[64,158923,7764],{"class":99},[64,158925,103],{"class":95},[64,158927,50802],{"class":99},[64,158929,103],{"class":95},[64,158931,5045],{"class":99},[64,158933,150],{"class":95},[64,158935,158936],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,158937,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,158939,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,158941,212],{"class":211},[64,158943,144],{"class":95},[64,158945,3611],{"class":140},[64,158947,184],{"class":95},[64,158949,100],{"class":99},[64,158951,1117],{"class":95},[64,158953,772],{"class":99},[64,158955,393],{"class":95},[14,158957,2035],{},[54,158959,158960],{"className":56,"code":157761,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,158961,158962],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158963,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158965,144],{"class":95},[64,158967,15707],{"class":99},[64,158969,103],{"class":95},[64,158971,7764],{"class":99},[64,158973,103],{"class":95},[64,158975,50802],{"class":99},[64,158977,150],{"class":95},[14,158979,132188,158980,158982],{},[61,158981,772],{}," is not included.",[816,158984,158986],{"id":158985},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158988,4490],{},[54,158990,158992],{"className":56,"code":158991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[61,158993,158994,159018,159022],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,158995,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158997,1161],{"class":74},[64,158999,92],{"class":91},[64,159001,9207],{"class":95},[64,159003,1432],{"class":99},[64,159005,103],{"class":95},[64,159007,1437],{"class":99},[64,159009,103],{"class":95},[64,159011,7764],{"class":99},[64,159013,103],{"class":95},[64,159015,50802],{"class":99},[64,159017,150],{"class":95},[64,159019,159020],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159021,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,159023,159024],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159025,159026],{"class":222},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159028,159029],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[54,159031,159032],{"className":56,"code":154689,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,159033,159034,159058,159062],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159035,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159037,1161],{"class":74},[64,159039,92],{"class":91},[64,159041,9207],{"class":95},[64,159043,1432],{"class":99},[64,159045,103],{"class":95},[64,159047,1437],{"class":99},[64,159049,103],{"class":95},[64,159051,7764],{"class":99},[64,159053,103],{"class":95},[64,159055,50802],{"class":99},[64,159057,150],{"class":95},[64,159059,159060],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159061,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,159063,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159065,212],{"class":211},[64,159067,144],{"class":95},[64,159069,3611],{"class":140},[64,159071,184],{"class":95},[64,159073,100],{"class":99},[64,159075,1117],{"class":95},[64,159077,115],{"class":99},[64,159079,393],{"class":95},[816,159081,159083],{"id":159082},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[54,159085,159087],{"className":56,"code":159086,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[61,159088,159089,159113,159117,159132,159136,159147],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159090,159091,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159092,1161],{"class":74},[64,159094,92],{"class":91},[64,159096,9207],{"class":95},[64,159098,1432],{"class":99},[64,159100,103],{"class":95},[64,159102,1437],{"class":99},[64,159104,103],{"class":95},[64,159106,7764],{"class":99},[64,159108,103],{"class":95},[64,159110,50802],{"class":99},[64,159112,150],{"class":95},[64,159114,159115],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159116,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,159118,159119,159122,159124,159126,159128,159130],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159120,159121],{"class":74},"slice_result ",[64,159123,92],{"class":91},[64,159125,1191],{"class":74},[64,159127,75484],{"class":95},[64,159129,2021],{"class":99},[64,159131,746],{"class":95},[64,159133,159134],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,159135,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,159137,159138,159140,159142,159145],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,159139,212],{"class":211},[64,159141,144],{"class":95},[64,159143,159144],{"class":140},"slice_result",[64,159146,150],{"class":95},[64,159148,159149,159151,159153,159155],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,159150,212],{"class":211},[64,159152,144],{"class":95},[64,159154,3611],{"class":140},[64,159156,150],{"class":95},[14,159158,2035],{},[54,159160,159162],{"className":56,"code":159161,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[61,159163,159164,159176],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159165,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159167,144],{"class":95},[64,159169,1432],{"class":99},[64,159171,103],{"class":95},[64,159173,1437],{"class":99},[64,159175,150],{"class":95},[64,159177,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159179,144],{"class":95},[64,159181,1432],{"class":99},[64,159183,103],{"class":95},[64,159185,1437],{"class":99},[64,159187,103],{"class":95},[64,159189,7764],{"class":99},[64,159191,103],{"class":95},[64,159193,50802],{"class":99},[64,159195,150],{"class":95},[14,159197,159198],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[49,159200,113674],{"id":113673},[14,159202,159203],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[21,159205,159206,159209,159212,159218,159221],{},[24,159207,159208],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[24,159210,159211],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[24,159213,159214,159215],{},"Using a zero step like ",[61,159216,159217],{},"tuple[::0]",[24,159219,159220],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[24,159222,159223],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159225,159226],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[54,159228,159230],{"className":56,"code":159229,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[61,159231,159232,159242,159260,159282],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159233,159234,159236,159238,159240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159235,212],{"class":211},[64,159237,144],{"class":95},[64,159239,147782],{"class":140},[64,159241,150],{"class":95},[64,159243,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159245,212],{"class":211},[64,159247,144],{"class":95},[64,159249,147782],{"class":140},[64,159251,184],{"class":95},[64,159253,100],{"class":99},[64,159255,1117],{"class":95},[64,159257,772],{"class":99},[64,159259,393],{"class":95},[64,159261,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159263,212],{"class":211},[64,159265,144],{"class":95},[64,159267,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159269,144],{"class":95},[64,159271,147782],{"class":140},[64,159273,184],{"class":95},[64,159275,100],{"class":99},[64,159277,1117],{"class":95},[64,159279,772],{"class":99},[64,159281,1769],{"class":95},[64,159283,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,159285,212],{"class":211},[64,159287,144],{"class":95},[64,159289,11134],{"class":211},[64,159291,144],{"class":95},[64,159293,147782],{"class":140},[64,159295,1737],{"class":95},[14,159297,11143],{},[21,159299,159300,159302,159305,159308],{},[24,159301,154996],{},[24,159303,159304],{},"what the slice actually returns",[24,159306,159307],{},"that the result is a tuple",[24,159309,159310],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[49,159312,1826],{"id":1825},[816,159314,159316],{"id":159315},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159318,159319],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[816,159321,159323],{"id":159322},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159325,159326],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[816,159328,5107,159330,39918],{"id":159329},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[61,159331,158149],{},[14,159333,159334],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[816,159336,159338,159339,2456],{"id":159337},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[61,159340,70681],{},[14,159342,159343,159344,137],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[61,159345,70681],{},[49,159347,1865],{"id":1864},[21,159349,159350,159354,159358,159362,159366],{},[24,159351,159352],{},[543,159353,155856],{"href":150743},[24,159355,159356],{},[543,159357,149437],{"href":152863},[24,159359,159360],{},[543,159361,150686],{"href":157020},[24,159363,159364],{},[543,159365,147764],{"href":157382},[24,159367,159368],{},[543,159369,154609],{"href":158874},[1898,159371,159372],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":159374},[159375,159376,159377,159378,159386,159390,159391,159396,159397,159402,159403,159411],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":157182,"depth":78,"text":157183},{"id":157385,"depth":78,"text":157386},{"id":75964,"depth":78,"text":75965,"children":159379},[159380,159382,159383,159384,159385],{"id":157543,"depth":85,"text":159381},"Get the first n items",{"id":157622,"depth":85,"text":157623},{"id":157700,"depth":85,"text":157701},{"id":157782,"depth":85,"text":157783},{"id":157864,"depth":85,"text":157865},{"id":76258,"depth":78,"text":76259,"children":159387},[159388,159389],{"id":157959,"depth":85,"text":157960},{"id":158043,"depth":85,"text":158044},{"id":158132,"depth":78,"text":158133},{"id":158384,"depth":78,"text":158385,"children":159392},[159393,159394,159395],{"id":158393,"depth":85,"text":158394},{"id":158509,"depth":85,"text":158510},{"id":158617,"depth":85,"text":158618},{"id":158683,"depth":78,"text":158684},{"id":77091,"depth":78,"text":15130,"children":159398},[159399,159400,159401],{"id":158900,"depth":85,"text":158901},{"id":158985,"depth":85,"text":158986},{"id":159082,"depth":85,"text":159083},{"id":113673,"depth":78,"text":113674},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":159404},[159405,159406,159407,159409],{"id":159315,"depth":85,"text":159316},{"id":159322,"depth":85,"text":159323},{"id":159329,"depth":85,"text":159408},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159337,"depth":85,"text":159410},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157026,"description":159412},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159419,"title":159420,"body":159421,"description":161244,"extension":1927,"meta":161245,"navigation":81,"path":34766,"seo":161246,"stem":161247,"__hash__":161248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159422,"toc":161210},[159423,159428,159433,159437,159455,159458,159473,159479,159481,159538,159540,159572,159584,159590,159595,159598,159633,159639,159641,159644,159658,159661,159663,159686,159688,159706,159709,159725,159727,159730,159843,159845,159934,159937,159942,159948,159951,159954,160053,160055,160114,160119,160122,160191,160195,160227,160243,160248,160255,160262,160274,160276,160325,160327,160350,160356,160404,160409,160416,160424,160430,160433,160457,160460,160462,160538,160540,160565,160571,160574,160579,160583,160597,160599,160662,160664,160696,160699,160715,160717,160723,160730,160732,160751,160753,160771,160778,160783,160790,160792,160829,160832,160839,160843,160846,160904,160907,160910,160965,160967,160979,160985,160987,160991,161024,161031,161033,161096,161099,161101,161106,161120,161127,161135,161144,161153,161159,161165,161167,161207],[10,159424,1877,159426,3542],{"id":159425},"python-type-function-explained",[61,159427,1821],{},[14,159429,32273,159430,159432],{},[61,159431,1821],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159434,62716,159435,104518],{},[61,159436,1821],{},[21,159438,159439,159442,159445,159448],{},[24,159440,159441],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[24,159443,159444],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[24,159446,159447],{},"debug confusing code",[24,159449,159450,159451],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[543,159452,159453],{"href":8189},[61,159454,2919],{},[14,159456,159457],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[54,159459,159461],{"className":56,"code":159460,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"type(object)\n",[61,159462,159463],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159464,159465,159467,159469,159471],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159466,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159468,144],{"class":95},[64,159470,42358],{"class":1778},[64,159472,150],{"class":95},[14,159474,159475,159476,159478],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[61,159477,1821],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[49,159480,3572],{"id":3571},[54,159482,159484],{"className":56,"code":159483,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[61,159485,159486,159498,159512,159516,159524],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159487,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159489,7846],{"class":74},[64,159491,92],{"class":91},[64,159493,3315],{"class":1418},[64,159495,4968],{"class":1422},[64,159497,3321],{"class":1418},[64,159499,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159501,212],{"class":211},[64,159503,144],{"class":95},[64,159505,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159507,144],{"class":95},[64,159509,7637],{"class":140},[64,159511,1737],{"class":95},[64,159513,159514],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159515,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,159517,159518,159520,159522],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,159519,2181],{"class":74},[64,159521,92],{"class":91},[64,159523,1583],{"class":99},[64,159525,159526,159528,159530,159532,159534,159536],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,159527,212],{"class":211},[64,159529,144],{"class":95},[64,159531,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159533,144],{"class":95},[64,159535,2204],{"class":140},[64,159537,1737],{"class":95},[14,159539,2035],{},[54,159541,159542],{"className":56,"code":124849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,159543,159544,159558],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159545,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159547,3250],{"class":91},[64,159549,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159551,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159553,3406],{"class":1422},[64,159555,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159557,3264],{"class":91},[64,159559,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159561,3250],{"class":91},[64,159563,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159565,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159567,2152],{"class":1422},[64,159569,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159571,3264],{"class":91},[14,159573,256,159574,159577,159578,40,159581,137],{},[61,159575,159576],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[61,159579,159580],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[61,159582,159583],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[49,159585,12961,159587,159589],{"id":159586},"what-the-type-function-does",[61,159588,1821],{}," function does",[14,159591,159592,159594],{},[61,159593,1821],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159596,159597],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[21,159599,159600,159605,159610,159615,159620,159625],{},[24,159601,159602,159604],{},[61,159603,3406],{}," for text",[24,159606,159607,159609],{},[61,159608,2152],{}," for whole numbers",[24,159611,159612,159614],{},[61,159613,2156],{}," for decimal numbers",[24,159616,159617,159619],{},[61,159618,8064],{}," for lists",[24,159621,159622,159624],{},[61,159623,8792],{}," for dictionaries",[24,159626,159627,69045,159629,40,159631],{},[61,159628,3832],{},[61,159630,3567],{},[61,159632,3635],{},[14,159634,159635,159636,159638],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[61,159637,1821],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[49,159640,2120],{"id":2119},[14,159642,159643],{},"The main beginner form is:",[54,159645,159646],{"className":56,"code":159460,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,159647,159648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159649,159650,159652,159654,159656],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159651,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159653,144],{"class":95},[64,159655,42358],{"class":1778},[64,159657,150],{"class":95},[14,159659,159660],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159662,318],{},[54,159664,159666],{"className":56,"code":159665,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[61,159667,159668],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159669,159670,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159671,212],{"class":211},[64,159673,144],{"class":95},[64,159675,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159677,144],{"class":95},[64,159679,1419],{"class":1418},[64,159681,3809],{"class":1422},[64,159683,1419],{"class":1418},[64,159685,1737],{"class":95},[14,159687,2035],{},[54,159689,159690],{"className":56,"code":45728,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,159691,159692],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159693,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159695,3250],{"class":91},[64,159697,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159699,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159701,3406],{"class":1422},[64,159703,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159705,3264],{"class":91},[14,159707,159708],{},"You can pass either:",[21,159710,159711,159718],{},[24,159712,159713,159714,2839,159716],{},"a literal value such as ",[61,159715,64484],{},[61,159717,46484],{},[24,159719,159720,159721,2839,159723],{},"a variable such as ",[61,159722,7637],{},[61,159724,9270],{},[49,159726,121661],{"id":121660},[14,159728,159729],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[54,159731,159733],{"className":56,"code":159732,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[61,159734,159735,159753,159767,159781,159803,159829],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159736,159737,159739,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159738,212],{"class":211},[64,159740,144],{"class":95},[64,159742,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159744,144],{"class":95},[64,159746,1419],{"class":1418},[64,159748,3809],{"class":1422},[64,159750,1419],{"class":1418},[64,159752,1737],{"class":95},[64,159754,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159756,212],{"class":211},[64,159758,144],{"class":95},[64,159760,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159762,144],{"class":95},[64,159764,1432],{"class":99},[64,159766,1737],{"class":95},[64,159768,159769,159771,159773,159775,159777,159779],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159770,212],{"class":211},[64,159772,144],{"class":95},[64,159774,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159776,144],{"class":95},[64,159778,40101],{"class":99},[64,159780,1737],{"class":95},[64,159782,159783,159785,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799,159801],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,159784,212],{"class":211},[64,159786,144],{"class":95},[64,159788,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159790,382],{"class":95},[64,159792,100],{"class":99},[64,159794,103],{"class":95},[64,159796,106],{"class":99},[64,159798,103],{"class":95},[64,159800,743],{"class":99},[64,159802,1769],{"class":95},[64,159804,159805,159807,159809,159811,159813,159815,159817,159819,159821,159823,159825,159827],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,159806,212],{"class":211},[64,159808,144],{"class":95},[64,159810,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159812,5497],{"class":95},[64,159814,1419],{"class":1418},[64,159816,7637],{"class":1422},[64,159818,1419],{"class":1418},[64,159820,1117],{"class":95},[64,159822,3315],{"class":1418},[64,159824,4968],{"class":1422},[64,159826,1419],{"class":1418},[64,159828,5506],{"class":95},[64,159830,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,159832,212],{"class":211},[64,159834,144],{"class":95},[64,159836,1779],{"class":1778},[64,159838,144],{"class":95},[64,159840,3567],{"class":3816},[64,159842,1737],{"class":95},[14,159844,2035],{},[54,159846,159848],{"className":56,"code":159847,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[61,159849,159850,159864,159878,159892,159906,159920],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159851,159852,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159853,3250],{"class":91},[64,159855,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159857,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159859,3406],{"class":1422},[64,159861,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159863,3264],{"class":91},[64,159865,159866,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159867,3250],{"class":91},[64,159869,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159871,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159873,2152],{"class":1422},[64,159875,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159877,3264],{"class":91},[64,159879,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159881,3250],{"class":91},[64,159883,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159885,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159887,2156],{"class":1422},[64,159889,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159891,3264],{"class":91},[64,159893,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,159895,3250],{"class":91},[64,159897,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159899,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159901,8064],{"class":1422},[64,159903,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159905,3264],{"class":91},[64,159907,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,159909,3250],{"class":91},[64,159911,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159913,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159915,8792],{"class":1422},[64,159917,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159919,3264],{"class":91},[64,159921,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,159923,3250],{"class":91},[64,159925,3253],{"class":2029},[64,159927,3256],{"class":1418},[64,159929,3832],{"class":1422},[64,159931,3261],{"class":1418},[64,159933,3264],{"class":91},[14,159935,159936],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159938,159939,159940,137],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[543,159941,44755],{"href":48936},[49,159943,1654,159945,159947],{"id":159944},"using-type-with-variables",[61,159946,1821],{}," with variables",[14,159949,159950],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159952,159953],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[54,159955,159957],{"className":56,"code":159956,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[61,159958,159959,159967,159985,159989,160001,160019,160023,160035],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,159960,159961,159963,159965],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159962,2411],{"class":74},[64,159964,92],{"class":91},[64,159966,1583],{"class":99},[64,159968,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,159970,212],{"class":211},[64,159972,144],{"class":95},[64,159974,2436],{"class":140},[64,159976,103],{"class":95},[64,159978,49348],{"class":1778},[64,159980,144],{"class":95},[64,159982,2436],{"class":140},[64,159984,1737],{"class":95},[64,159986,159987],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,159988,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,159990,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,159992,2411],{"class":74},[64,159994,92],{"class":91},[64,159996,3315],{"class":1418},[64,159998,45865],{"class":1422},[64,160000,3321],{"class":1418},[64,160002,160003,160005,160007,160009,160011,160013,160015,160017],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,160004,212],{"class":211},[64,160006,144],{"class":95},[64,160008,2436],{"class":140},[64,160010,103],{"class":95},[64,160012,49348],{"class":1778},[64,160014,144],{"class":95},[64,160016,2436],{"class":140},[64,160018,1737],{"class":95},[64,160020,160021],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,160022,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,160026,2411],{"class":74},[64,160028,92],{"class":91},[64,160030,112],{"class":95},[64,160032,1432],{"class":99},[64,160034,746],{"class":95},[64,160036,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051],{"class":66,"line":203},[64,160038,212],{"class":211},[64,160040,144],{"class":95},[64,160042,2436],{"class":140},[64,160044,103],{"class":95},[64,160046,49348],{"class":1778},[64,160048,144],{"class":95},[64,160050,2436],{"class":140},[64,160052,1737],{"class":95},[14,160054,2035],{},[54,160056,160058],{"className":56,"code":160057,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[61,160059,160060,160077,160094],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160061,160062,160064,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160063,1432],{"class":99},[64,160065,160066],{"class":91}," \u003C",[64,160068,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160070,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160072,2152],{"class":1422},[64,160074,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160076,3264],{"class":91},[64,160078,160079,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090,160092],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160080,160081],{"class":74},"ten ",[64,160083,3250],{"class":91},[64,160085,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160087,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160089,3406],{"class":1422},[64,160091,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160093,3264],{"class":91},[64,160095,160096,160098,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110,160112],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160097,184],{"class":95},[64,160099,1432],{"class":99},[64,160101,977],{"class":95},[64,160103,160066],{"class":91},[64,160105,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160107,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160109,8064],{"class":1422},[64,160111,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160113,3264],{"class":91},[14,160115,160116,160118],{},[61,160117,1821],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160120,160121],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[54,160123,160125],{"className":56,"code":160124,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[61,160126,160127,160145,160159,160163,160177],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160128,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160130,3354],{"class":74},[64,160132,92],{"class":91},[64,160134,8212],{"class":211},[64,160136,144],{"class":95},[64,160138,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160140,41830],{"class":1422},[64,160142,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160144,150],{"class":95},[64,160146,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160148,212],{"class":211},[64,160150,144],{"class":95},[64,160152,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160154,144],{"class":95},[64,160156,3380],{"class":140},[64,160158,1737],{"class":95},[64,160160,160161],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160162,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160164,160165,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,160166,122773],{"class":74},[64,160168,92],{"class":91},[64,160170,45234],{"class":1778},[64,160172,144],{"class":95},[64,160174,3380],{"class":140},[64,160176,150],{"class":95},[64,160178,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,160180,212],{"class":211},[64,160182,144],{"class":95},[64,160184,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160186,144],{"class":95},[64,160188,122796],{"class":140},[64,160190,1737],{"class":95},[14,160192,41079,160193,41083],{},[61,160194,9165],{},[54,160196,160197],{"className":56,"code":124849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,160198,160199,160213],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160200,160201,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160202,3250],{"class":91},[64,160204,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160206,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160208,3406],{"class":1422},[64,160210,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160212,3264],{"class":91},[64,160214,160215,160217,160219,160221,160223,160225],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160216,3250],{"class":91},[64,160218,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160220,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160222,2152],{"class":1422},[64,160224,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160226,3264],{"class":91},[14,160228,45661,160229,160233,160234,2839,160238,160242],{},[543,160230,160231],{"href":8189},[61,160232,2919],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[543,160235,160236],{"href":2835},[61,160237,2838],{},[543,160239,160240],{"href":2842},[61,160241,2845],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160244,160245,160246,137],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[543,160247,8952],{"href":8951},[49,160249,160251,10557,160253],{"id":160250},"type-vs-isinstance",[61,160252,1821],{},[61,160254,44763],{},[14,160256,160257,40,160259,160261],{},[61,160258,1821],{},[61,160260,44763],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[21,160263,160264,160269],{},[24,160265,160266,160268],{},[61,160267,1821],{}," tells you the exact type",[24,160270,160271,160273],{},[61,160272,44763],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160275,318],{},[54,160277,160279],{"className":56,"code":160278,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[61,160280,160281,160289,160293,160307],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160282,160283,160285,160287],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160284,2411],{"class":74},[64,160286,92],{"class":91},[64,160288,34800],{"class":99},[64,160290,160291],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160292,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160294,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160296,212],{"class":211},[64,160298,144],{"class":95},[64,160300,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160302,144],{"class":95},[64,160304,2436],{"class":140},[64,160306,1737],{"class":95},[64,160308,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317,160319,160321,160323],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,160310,212],{"class":211},[64,160312,144],{"class":95},[64,160314,48833],{"class":211},[64,160316,144],{"class":95},[64,160318,2436],{"class":140},[64,160320,103],{"class":95},[64,160322,45234],{"class":1778},[64,160324,1737],{"class":95},[14,160326,2035],{},[54,160328,160330],{"className":56,"code":160329,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[61,160331,160332,160346],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160333,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160335,3250],{"class":91},[64,160337,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160339,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160341,2152],{"class":1422},[64,160343,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160345,3264],{"class":91},[64,160347,160348],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160349,3943],{"class":3816},[14,160351,160352,160353,160355],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[61,160354,44763],{}," is more practical.",[54,160357,160359],{"className":56,"code":160358,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[61,160360,160361,160369,160373,160389],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160362,160363,160365,160367],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160364,2411],{"class":74},[64,160366,92],{"class":91},[64,160368,34800],{"class":99},[64,160370,160371],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160372,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160385,160387],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160376,6965],{"class":70},[64,160378,49571],{"class":211},[64,160380,144],{"class":95},[64,160382,2436],{"class":140},[64,160384,103],{"class":95},[64,160386,45234],{"class":1778},[64,160388,8312],{"class":95},[64,160390,160391,160393,160395,160397,160400,160402],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,160392,8039],{"class":211},[64,160394,144],{"class":95},[64,160396,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160398,160399],{"class":1422},"This is an integer",[64,160401,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160403,150],{"class":95},[14,160405,256,160406,160408],{},[61,160407,1821],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160410,256,160411,160413,160414,7140],{},[61,160412,44763],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[61,160415,6965],{},[14,160417,160418,160419,137],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[543,160420,1877,160422,3472],{"href":160421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[61,160423,44763],{},[49,160425,160427,160428],{"id":160426},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[61,160429,1821],{},[14,160431,160432],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[54,160434,160436],{"className":56,"code":160435,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[61,160437,160438],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160439,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160451,160453,160455],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160441,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160443,144],{"class":95},[64,160445,7637],{"class":140},[64,160447,103],{"class":95},[64,160449,160450],{"class":140}," bases",[64,160452,103],{"class":95},[64,160454,9142],{"class":1778},[64,160456,150],{"class":95},[14,160458,160459],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160461,318],{},[54,160463,160465],{"className":56,"code":160464,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[61,160466,160467,160510,160514,160524],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160468,160469,160472,160474,160476,160478,160480,160483,160485,160487,160490,160492,160494,160497,160499,160501,160503,160506,160508],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160470,160471],{"class":74},"Person ",[64,160473,92],{"class":91},[64,160475,49348],{"class":1778},[64,160477,144],{"class":95},[64,160479,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160481,160482],{"class":1422},"Person",[64,160484,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160486,103],{"class":95},[64,160488,160489],{"class":95}," (),",[64,160491,1415],{"class":95},[64,160493,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160495,160496],{"class":1422},"species",[64,160498,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160500,1117],{"class":95},[64,160502,3315],{"class":1418},[64,160504,160505],{"class":1422},"human",[64,160507,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160509,30451],{"class":95},[64,160511,160512],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160513,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160515,160516,160518,160520,160522],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160517,212],{"class":211},[64,160519,144],{"class":95},[64,160521,160482],{"class":140},[64,160523,150],{"class":95},[64,160525,160526,160528,160530,160532,160534,160536],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,160527,212],{"class":211},[64,160529,144],{"class":95},[64,160531,160482],{"class":140},[64,160533,137],{"class":95},[64,160535,160496],{"class":24704},[64,160537,150],{"class":95},[14,160539,2035],{},[54,160541,160543],{"className":56,"code":160542,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[61,160544,160545,160560],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160546,160547,160549,160551,160553,160556,160558],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160548,3250],{"class":91},[64,160550,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160552,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160554,160555],{"class":1422},"__main__.Person",[64,160557,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160559,3264],{"class":91},[64,160561,160562],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160563,160564],{"class":74},"human\n",[14,160566,160567,160568,160570],{},"Most beginners do ",[37,160569,300],{}," need this form.",[14,160572,160573],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[49,160575,4925,160577],{"id":160576},"when-to-use-type",[61,160578,1821],{},[14,160580,160581,12411],{},[61,160582,1821],{},[21,160584,160585,160588,160591,160594],{},[24,160586,160587],{},"debug unexpected values",[24,160589,160590],{},"check what a conversion produced",[24,160592,160593],{},"learn Python data types",[24,160595,160596],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160598,5439],{},[54,160600,160602],{"className":56,"code":160601,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[61,160603,160604,160616,160630,160634,160648],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160605,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160607,34645],{"class":74},[64,160609,92],{"class":91},[64,160611,3315],{"class":1418},[64,160613,50204],{"class":1422},[64,160615,3321],{"class":1418},[64,160617,160618,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160619,2181],{"class":74},[64,160621,92],{"class":91},[64,160623,45234],{"class":1778},[64,160625,144],{"class":95},[64,160627,34666],{"class":140},[64,160629,150],{"class":95},[64,160631,160632],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160633,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160635,160636,160638,160640,160642,160644,160646],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,160637,212],{"class":211},[64,160639,144],{"class":95},[64,160641,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160643,144],{"class":95},[64,160645,34666],{"class":140},[64,160647,1737],{"class":95},[64,160649,160650,160652,160654,160656,160658,160660],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,160651,212],{"class":211},[64,160653,144],{"class":95},[64,160655,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160657,144],{"class":95},[64,160659,2204],{"class":140},[64,160661,1737],{"class":95},[14,160663,2035],{},[54,160665,160666],{"className":56,"code":124849,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,160667,160668,160682],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160669,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160671,3250],{"class":91},[64,160673,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160675,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160677,3406],{"class":1422},[64,160679,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160681,3264],{"class":91},[64,160683,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160685,3250],{"class":91},[64,160687,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160689,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160691,2152],{"class":1422},[64,160693,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160695,3264],{"class":91},[14,160697,160698],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160700,160701,160702,2153,160706,17025,160710,160714],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[543,160703,160704],{"href":42134},[61,160705,47641],{},[543,160707,160708],{"href":2835},[61,160709,2838],{},[543,160711,160712],{"href":2842},[61,160713,2845],{}," are often the next step.",[49,160716,25312],{"id":25311},[14,160718,160719,160720,160722],{},"A few things about ",[61,160721,1821],{}," often confuse beginners.",[816,160724,160726,160729],{"id":160725},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[61,160727,160728],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160731,64593],{},[54,160733,160735],{"className":56,"code":160734,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(5))\n",[61,160736,160737],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160738,160739,160741,160743,160745,160747,160749],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160740,212],{"class":211},[64,160742,144],{"class":95},[64,160744,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160746,144],{"class":95},[64,160748,385],{"class":99},[64,160750,1737],{"class":95},[14,160752,122692],{},[54,160754,160755],{"className":56,"code":156204,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,160756,160757],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160758,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160760,3250],{"class":91},[64,160762,3253],{"class":2029},[64,160764,3256],{"class":1418},[64,160766,2152],{"class":1422},[64,160768,3261],{"class":1418},[64,160770,3264],{"class":91},[14,160772,40864,160773,160775,160776,137],{},[37,160774,300],{}," print just ",[61,160777,2152],{},[14,160779,6644,160780,160782],{},[61,160781,1821],{}," returns a class object.",[816,160784,160786,2361,160788],{"id":160785},"input-returns-str",[61,160787,2919],{},[61,160789,3406],{},[14,160791,79491],{},[54,160793,160795],{"className":56,"code":160794,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[61,160796,160797,160815],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160798,160799,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160800,2411],{"class":74},[64,160802,92],{"class":91},[64,160804,8212],{"class":211},[64,160806,144],{"class":95},[64,160808,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160810,46268],{"class":1422},[64,160812,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160814,150],{"class":95},[64,160816,160817,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160818,212],{"class":211},[64,160820,144],{"class":95},[64,160822,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160824,144],{"class":95},[64,160826,2436],{"class":140},[64,160828,1737],{"class":95},[14,160830,160831],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160833,160834,160835,2839,160837,137],{},"If you need a number, use ",[61,160836,2838],{},[61,160838,2845],{},[816,160840,160842],{"id":160841},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160844,160845],{},"Avoid code like this:",[54,160847,160849],{"className":56,"code":160848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[61,160850,160851,160859,160863,160889],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160852,160853,160855,160857],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160854,2411],{"class":74},[64,160856,92],{"class":91},[64,160858,34800],{"class":99},[64,160860,160861],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160862,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160864,160865,160867,160869,160871,160873,160875,160877,160879,160881,160883,160885,160887],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160866,6965],{"class":70},[64,160868,48862],{"class":1778},[64,160870,144],{"class":95},[64,160872,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160874,144],{"class":95},[64,160876,2436],{"class":140},[64,160878,5328],{"class":95},[64,160880,6378],{"class":91},[64,160882,3315],{"class":1418},[64,160884,159583],{"class":1422},[64,160886,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160888,6363],{"class":95},[64,160890,160891,160893,160895,160897,160900,160902],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,160892,8039],{"class":211},[64,160894,144],{"class":95},[64,160896,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160898,160899],{"class":1422},"It is an int",[64,160901,1419],{"class":1418},[64,160903,150],{"class":95},[14,160905,160906],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160908,160909],{},"Better options:",[54,160911,160913],{"className":56,"code":160912,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[61,160914,160915,160923,160927,160947],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160916,160917,160919,160921],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160918,2411],{"class":74},[64,160920,92],{"class":91},[64,160922,34800],{"class":99},[64,160924,160925],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160926,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,160928,160929,160931,160933,160935,160937,160939,160941,160943,160945],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,160930,212],{"class":211},[64,160932,144],{"class":95},[64,160934,1779],{"class":1778},[64,160936,144],{"class":95},[64,160938,2436],{"class":140},[64,160940,219],{"class":95},[64,160942,6378],{"class":91},[64,160944,45234],{"class":1778},[64,160946,150],{"class":95},[64,160948,160949,160951,160953,160955,160957,160959,160961,160963],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,160950,212],{"class":211},[64,160952,144],{"class":95},[64,160954,48833],{"class":211},[64,160956,144],{"class":95},[64,160958,2436],{"class":140},[64,160960,103],{"class":95},[64,160962,45234],{"class":1778},[64,160964,1737],{"class":95},[14,160966,2035],{},[54,160968,160969],{"className":56,"code":4469,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,160970,160971,160975],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,160972,160973],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160974,3943],{"class":3816},[64,160976,160977],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,160978,3943],{"class":3816},[14,160980,160981,160982,160984],{},"In most real code, ",[61,160983,44763],{}," is the more useful check.",[49,160986,1646],{"id":1645},[14,160988,14689,160989,1117],{},[61,160990,1821],{},[21,160992,160993,161003,161012,161021],{},[24,160994,1654,160995,160997,160998,161002],{},[61,160996,1821],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[543,160999,161000],{"href":8189},[61,161001,2919],{}," always returns a string",[24,161004,8423,161005,161007,161008,11064,161010],{},[61,161006,1821],{}," to return plain text like ",[61,161009,2152],{},[61,161011,159583],{},[24,161013,1654,161014,44587,161017,161020],{},[61,161015,161016],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[61,161018,161019],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[24,161022,161023],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161025,161026,161027,137],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[543,161028,161030],{"href":161029},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161032,144358],{},[54,161034,161036],{"className":56,"code":161035,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[61,161037,161038,161052,161062,161076,161086],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161039,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161041,212],{"class":211},[64,161043,144],{"class":95},[64,161045,1779],{"class":1778},[64,161047,144],{"class":95},[64,161049,2436],{"class":140},[64,161051,1737],{"class":95},[64,161053,161054,161056,161058,161060],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,161055,212],{"class":211},[64,161057,144],{"class":95},[64,161059,2436],{"class":140},[64,161061,150],{"class":95},[64,161063,161064,161066,161068,161070,161072,161074],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,161065,212],{"class":211},[64,161067,144],{"class":95},[64,161069,41738],{"class":211},[64,161071,144],{"class":95},[64,161073,2436],{"class":140},[64,161075,1737],{"class":95},[64,161077,161078,161080,161082,161084],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,161079,32108],{"class":211},[64,161081,144],{"class":95},[64,161083,1779],{"class":1778},[64,161085,150],{"class":95},[64,161087,161088,161090,161092,161094],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,161089,34329],{"class":211},[64,161091,144],{"class":95},[64,161093,2436],{"class":140},[64,161095,150],{"class":95},[14,161097,161098],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[49,161100,1826],{"id":1825},[816,161102,5107,161104,5110],{"id":161103},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[61,161105,1821],{},[14,161107,161108,161109,2153,161111,2153,161113,2157,161115,161117,161118,137],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[61,161110,3406],{},[61,161112,2152],{},[61,161114,8064],{},[61,161116,8792],{},", shown as a class object like ",[61,161119,159580],{},[816,161121,14857,161123,57156,161125,2456],{"id":161122},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[61,161124,1821],{},[61,161126,44763],{},[14,161128,46323,161129,161131,161132,161134],{},[61,161130,1821],{}," shows the exact type. ",[61,161133,44763],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[816,161136,5123,161138,161141,161142,2456],{"id":161137},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[61,161139,161140],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[61,161143,3406],{},[14,161145,29015,161146,161148,161149,2839,161151,160242],{},[61,161147,2919],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[61,161150,2838],{},[61,161152,2845],{},[816,161154,5135,161156,161158],{"id":161155},"can-type-create-classes",[61,161157,1821],{}," create classes?",[14,161160,161161,161162,137],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[61,161163,161164],{},"type(object)",[49,161166,1865],{"id":1864},[21,161168,161169,161173,161179,161185,161189,161195,161201],{},[24,161170,161171],{},[543,161172,44755],{"href":48936},[24,161174,161175],{},[543,161176,1877,161177,3472],{"href":160421},[61,161178,44763],{},[24,161180,161181],{},[543,161182,1877,161183,3472],{"href":8189},[61,161184,2919],{},[24,161186,161187],{},[543,161188,9029],{"href":8951},[24,161190,161191],{},[543,161192,1877,161193,3472],{"href":2835},[61,161194,2838],{},[24,161196,161197],{},[543,161198,1877,161199,3472],{"href":2842},[61,161200,2845],{},[24,161202,161203],{},[543,161204,1877,161205,3472],{"href":42134},[61,161206,47641],{},[1898,161208,161209],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":161211},[161212,161213,161215,161216,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161232,161233,161243],{"id":3571,"depth":78,"text":3572},{"id":159586,"depth":78,"text":161214},"What the type() function does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":121660,"depth":78,"text":121661},{"id":159944,"depth":78,"text":161218},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160250,"depth":78,"text":161220},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160426,"depth":78,"text":161222},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160576,"depth":78,"text":161224},"When to use type()",{"id":25311,"depth":78,"text":25312,"children":161226},[161227,161229,161231],{"id":160725,"depth":85,"text":161228},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160785,"depth":85,"text":161230},"input() returns str",{"id":160841,"depth":85,"text":160842},{"id":1645,"depth":78,"text":1646},{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":161234},[161235,161237,161239,161241],{"id":161103,"depth":85,"text":161236},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161122,"depth":85,"text":161238},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161137,"depth":85,"text":161240},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161155,"depth":85,"text":161242},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159420,"description":161244},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161250,"title":161251,"body":161252,"description":163731,"extension":1927,"meta":163732,"navigation":81,"path":163733,"seo":163734,"stem":163735,"__hash__":163736},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161253,"toc":163688},[161254,161259,161264,161273,161275,161375,161377,161402,161407,161412,161428,161431,161433,161435,161460,161463,161466,161549,161551,161600,161603,161725,161727,161800,161804,161807,161921,161923,161949,161951,161972,161977,161981,161986,161989,162093,162095,162112,162121,162124,162211,162213,162224,162229,162235,162240,162246,162249,162342,162344,162393,162399,162402,162503,162505,162558,162563,162567,162570,162669,162671,162710,162713,162718,162720,162725,162729,162842,162846,162943,162947,163035,163037,163054,163058,163181,163187,163193,163199,163204,163207,163234,163238,163240,163334,163337,163341,163344,163431,163434,163469,163471,163508,163511,163519,163524,163529,163603,163610,163612,163617,163620,163626,163629,163635,163640,163646,163651,163655,163658,163660,163685],[10,161255,1877,161257,3542],{"id":161256},"python-zip-function-explained",[61,161258,64269],{},[14,161260,161261,161263],{},[61,161262,64269],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161265,161266,161267,161269,161270,161272],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[61,161268,64269],{}," inside a ",[61,161271,5926],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[49,161274,52],{"id":51},[54,161276,161278],{"className":56,"code":161277,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[61,161279,161280,161312,161332,161336,161361],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161281,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161283,4959],{"class":74},[64,161285,92],{"class":91},[64,161287,112],{"class":95},[64,161289,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161291,12846],{"class":1422},[64,161293,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161295,103],{"class":95},[64,161297,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161299,35898],{"class":1422},[64,161301,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161303,103],{"class":95},[64,161305,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161307,35907],{"class":1422},[64,161309,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161311,746],{"class":95},[64,161313,161314,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,161315,5028],{"class":74},[64,161317,92],{"class":91},[64,161319,112],{"class":95},[64,161321,13467],{"class":99},[64,161323,103],{"class":95},[64,161325,13472],{"class":99},[64,161327,103],{"class":95},[64,161329,28874],{"class":99},[64,161331,746],{"class":95},[64,161333,161334],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,161335,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,161337,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,161339,5926],{"class":70},[64,161341,35949],{"class":74},[64,161343,103],{"class":95},[64,161345,5070],{"class":74},[64,161347,3847],{"class":70},[64,161349,161350],{"class":211}," zip",[64,161352,144],{"class":95},[64,161354,5003],{"class":140},[64,161356,103],{"class":95},[64,161358,5075],{"class":140},[64,161360,8312],{"class":95},[64,161362,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,161364,8039],{"class":211},[64,161366,144],{"class":95},[64,161368,7637],{"class":140},[64,161370,103],{"class":95},[64,161372,130638],{"class":140},[64,161374,150],{"class":95},[14,161376,2035],{},[54,161378,161380],{"className":56,"code":161379,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[61,161381,161382,161388,161395],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161383,161384,161386],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161385,133657],{"class":74},[64,161387,33092],{"class":99},[64,161389,161390,161393],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,161391,161392],{"class":74},"Ben ",[64,161394,33097],{"class":99},[64,161396,161397,161400],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,161398,161399],{"class":74},"Cara ",[64,161401,33102],{"class":99},[14,161403,256,161404,161406],{},[61,161405,64269],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[49,161408,3639,161410,3642],{"id":161409},"what-zip-does",[61,161411,64269],{},[21,161413,161414,161419,161422,161425],{},[24,161415,161416,161418],{},[61,161417,64269],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[24,161420,161421],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[24,161423,161424],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[24,161426,161427],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161429,161430],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[49,161432,2120],{"id":2119},[14,161434,7186],{},[54,161436,161438],{"className":56,"code":161437,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[61,161439,161440],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161441,161442,161444,161446,161449,161451,161454,161456,161458],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161443,64339],{"class":211},[64,161445,144],{"class":95},[64,161447,161448],{"class":140},"iterable1",[64,161450,103],{"class":95},[64,161452,161453],{"class":140}," iterable2",[64,161455,103],{"class":95},[64,161457,34411],{"class":211},[64,161459,150],{"class":95},[14,161461,161462],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161464,161465],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[54,161467,161469],{"className":56,"code":161468,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[61,161470,161471,161491,161523,161527],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161472,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161474,1161],{"class":74},[64,161476,92],{"class":91},[64,161478,112],{"class":95},[64,161480,100],{"class":99},[64,161482,103],{"class":95},[64,161484,106],{"class":99},[64,161486,103],{"class":95},[64,161488,743],{"class":99},[64,161490,746],{"class":95},[64,161492,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,161494,36048],{"class":74},[64,161496,92],{"class":91},[64,161498,112],{"class":95},[64,161500,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161502,543],{"class":1422},[64,161504,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161506,103],{"class":95},[64,161508,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161510,1235],{"class":1422},[64,161512,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161514,103],{"class":95},[64,161516,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161518,9711],{"class":1422},[64,161520,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161522,746],{"class":95},[64,161524,161525],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,161526,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,161528,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,161530,212],{"class":211},[64,161532,144],{"class":95},[64,161534,8064],{"class":1778},[64,161536,144],{"class":95},[64,161538,64339],{"class":211},[64,161540,144],{"class":95},[64,161542,3611],{"class":140},[64,161544,103],{"class":95},[64,161546,70046],{"class":140},[64,161548,2873],{"class":95},[14,161550,2035],{},[54,161552,161554],{"className":56,"code":161553,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[61,161555,161556],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161557,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161559,21693],{"class":95},[64,161561,100],{"class":99},[64,161563,103],{"class":95},[64,161565,3256],{"class":1418},[64,161567,543],{"class":1422},[64,161569,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161571,1727],{"class":95},[64,161573,9207],{"class":95},[64,161575,2021],{"class":99},[64,161577,103],{"class":95},[64,161579,3256],{"class":1418},[64,161581,1235],{"class":1422},[64,161583,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161585,1727],{"class":95},[64,161587,9207],{"class":95},[64,161589,115],{"class":99},[64,161591,103],{"class":95},[64,161593,3256],{"class":1418},[64,161595,9711],{"class":1422},[64,161597,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161599,9220],{"class":95},[14,161601,161602],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[54,161604,161606],{"className":56,"code":161605,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[61,161607,161608,161640,161660,161694,161698],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161609,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636,161638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161611,4959],{"class":74},[64,161613,92],{"class":91},[64,161615,112],{"class":95},[64,161617,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161619,12846],{"class":1422},[64,161621,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161623,103],{"class":95},[64,161625,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161627,35898],{"class":1422},[64,161629,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161631,103],{"class":95},[64,161633,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161635,35907],{"class":1422},[64,161637,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161639,746],{"class":95},[64,161641,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,161643,5028],{"class":74},[64,161645,92],{"class":91},[64,161647,112],{"class":95},[64,161649,13467],{"class":99},[64,161651,103],{"class":95},[64,161653,13472],{"class":99},[64,161655,103],{"class":95},[64,161657,28874],{"class":99},[64,161659,746],{"class":95},[64,161661,161662,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161690,161692],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,161663,161664],{"class":74},"grades ",[64,161666,92],{"class":91},[64,161668,112],{"class":95},[64,161670,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161672,22198],{"class":1422},[64,161674,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161676,103],{"class":95},[64,161678,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161680,30555],{"class":1422},[64,161682,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161684,103],{"class":95},[64,161686,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161688,161689],{"class":1422},"B+",[64,161691,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161693,746],{"class":95},[64,161695,161696],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,161697,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,161699,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161723],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,161701,212],{"class":211},[64,161703,144],{"class":95},[64,161705,8064],{"class":1778},[64,161707,144],{"class":95},[64,161709,64339],{"class":211},[64,161711,144],{"class":95},[64,161713,5003],{"class":140},[64,161715,103],{"class":95},[64,161717,5075],{"class":140},[64,161719,103],{"class":95},[64,161721,161722],{"class":140}," grades",[64,161724,2873],{"class":95},[14,161726,2035],{},[54,161728,161730],{"className":56,"code":161729,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[61,161731,161732],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161733,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161735,21693],{"class":95},[64,161737,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161739,12846],{"class":1422},[64,161741,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161743,103],{"class":95},[64,161745,19852],{"class":99},[64,161747,103],{"class":95},[64,161749,3256],{"class":1418},[64,161751,22198],{"class":1422},[64,161753,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161755,1727],{"class":95},[64,161757,9207],{"class":95},[64,161759,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161761,35898],{"class":1422},[64,161763,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161765,103],{"class":95},[64,161767,13472],{"class":99},[64,161769,103],{"class":95},[64,161771,3256],{"class":1418},[64,161773,30555],{"class":1422},[64,161775,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161777,1727],{"class":95},[64,161779,9207],{"class":95},[64,161781,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161783,35907],{"class":1422},[64,161785,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161787,103],{"class":95},[64,161789,28874],{"class":99},[64,161791,103],{"class":95},[64,161793,3256],{"class":1418},[64,161795,161689],{"class":1422},[64,161797,3261],{"class":1418},[64,161799,9220],{"class":95},[49,161801,161803],{"id":161802},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161805,161806],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[54,161808,161810],{"className":56,"code":161809,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[61,161811,161812,161844,161864,161868,161892],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161813,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161815,4959],{"class":74},[64,161817,92],{"class":91},[64,161819,112],{"class":95},[64,161821,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161823,12846],{"class":1422},[64,161825,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161827,103],{"class":95},[64,161829,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161831,35898],{"class":1422},[64,161833,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161835,103],{"class":95},[64,161837,3315],{"class":1418},[64,161839,35907],{"class":1422},[64,161841,1419],{"class":1418},[64,161843,746],{"class":95},[64,161845,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,161847,5028],{"class":74},[64,161849,92],{"class":91},[64,161851,112],{"class":95},[64,161853,13467],{"class":99},[64,161855,103],{"class":95},[64,161857,13472],{"class":99},[64,161859,103],{"class":95},[64,161861,28874],{"class":99},[64,161863,746],{"class":95},[64,161865,161866],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,161867,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,161869,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,161871,5926],{"class":70},[64,161873,35949],{"class":74},[64,161875,103],{"class":95},[64,161877,5070],{"class":74},[64,161879,3847],{"class":70},[64,161881,161350],{"class":211},[64,161883,144],{"class":95},[64,161885,5003],{"class":140},[64,161887,103],{"class":95},[64,161889,5075],{"class":140},[64,161891,8312],{"class":95},[64,161893,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,161895,8039],{"class":211},[64,161897,144],{"class":95},[64,161899,22247],{"class":2029},[64,161901,1419],{"class":1422},[64,161903,9249],{"class":99},[64,161905,7637],{"class":140},[64,161907,22256],{"class":99},[64,161909,161910],{"class":1422}," scored ",[64,161912,9249],{"class":99},[64,161914,85469],{"class":140},[64,161916,22256],{"class":99},[64,161918,1419],{"class":1422},[64,161920,150],{"class":95},[14,161922,2035],{},[54,161924,161926],{"className":56,"code":161925,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[61,161927,161928,161935,161942],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161929,161930,161933],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161931,161932],{"class":74},"Ana scored ",[64,161934,33092],{"class":99},[64,161936,161937,161940],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,161938,161939],{"class":74},"Ben scored ",[64,161941,33097],{"class":99},[64,161943,161944,161947],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,161945,161946],{"class":74},"Cara scored ",[64,161948,33102],{"class":99},[14,161950,44888],{},[21,161952,161953,161962,161965],{},[24,161954,161955,161958,161959],{},[61,161956,161957],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[61,161960,161961],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[24,161963,161964],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[24,161966,161967,40,161969,161971],{},[61,161968,7637],{},[61,161970,85469],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161973,161974,161975,137],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[543,161976,69563],{"href":69562},[49,161978,161980],{"id":161979},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161982,161983,161985],{},[61,161984,64269],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161987,161988],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[54,161990,161992],{"className":56,"code":161991,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[61,161993,161994,162035,162051,162055,162079],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,161995,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162031,162033],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161997,4959],{"class":74},[64,161999,92],{"class":91},[64,162001,112],{"class":95},[64,162003,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162005,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162007,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162009,103],{"class":95},[64,162011,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162013,35898],{"class":1422},[64,162015,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162017,103],{"class":95},[64,162019,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162021,35907],{"class":1422},[64,162023,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162025,103],{"class":95},[64,162027,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162029,162030],{"class":1422},"Dan",[64,162032,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162034,746],{"class":95},[64,162036,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162038,5028],{"class":74},[64,162040,92],{"class":91},[64,162042,112],{"class":95},[64,162044,13467],{"class":99},[64,162046,103],{"class":95},[64,162048,13472],{"class":99},[64,162050,746],{"class":95},[64,162052,162053],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162054,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162056,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162058,5926],{"class":70},[64,162060,35949],{"class":74},[64,162062,103],{"class":95},[64,162064,5070],{"class":74},[64,162066,3847],{"class":70},[64,162068,161350],{"class":211},[64,162070,144],{"class":95},[64,162072,5003],{"class":140},[64,162074,103],{"class":95},[64,162076,5075],{"class":140},[64,162078,8312],{"class":95},[64,162080,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,162082,8039],{"class":211},[64,162084,144],{"class":95},[64,162086,7637],{"class":140},[64,162088,103],{"class":95},[64,162090,130638],{"class":140},[64,162092,150],{"class":95},[14,162094,2035],{},[54,162096,162098],{"className":56,"code":162097,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[61,162099,162100,162106],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162101,162102,162104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162103,133657],{"class":74},[64,162105,33092],{"class":99},[64,162107,162108,162110],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162109,161392],{"class":74},[64,162111,33097],{"class":99},[14,162113,2251,162114,40,162117,162120],{},[61,162115,162116],{},"\"Cara\"",[61,162118,162119],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162122,162123],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[54,162125,162127],{"className":56,"code":162126,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[61,162128,162129,162169,162185,162189],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162130,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162132,4959],{"class":74},[64,162134,92],{"class":91},[64,162136,112],{"class":95},[64,162138,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162140,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162142,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162144,103],{"class":95},[64,162146,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162148,35898],{"class":1422},[64,162150,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162152,103],{"class":95},[64,162154,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162156,35907],{"class":1422},[64,162158,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162160,103],{"class":95},[64,162162,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162164,162030],{"class":1422},[64,162166,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162168,746],{"class":95},[64,162170,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162172,5028],{"class":74},[64,162174,92],{"class":91},[64,162176,112],{"class":95},[64,162178,13467],{"class":99},[64,162180,103],{"class":95},[64,162182,13472],{"class":99},[64,162184,746],{"class":95},[64,162186,162187],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162188,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162190,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162192,212],{"class":211},[64,162194,144],{"class":95},[64,162196,11134],{"class":211},[64,162198,144],{"class":95},[64,162200,5003],{"class":140},[64,162202,1727],{"class":95},[64,162204,38343],{"class":211},[64,162206,144],{"class":95},[64,162208,1423],{"class":140},[64,162210,1737],{"class":95},[14,162212,2035],{},[54,162214,162216],{"className":56,"code":162215,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"4 2\n",[61,162217,162218],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162219,162220,162222],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162221,772],{"class":99},[64,162223,45547],{"class":99},[14,162225,162226,162227,137],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[61,162228,64269],{},[49,162230,92060,162232,162234],{"id":162231},"converting-zip-output",[61,162233,64269],{}," output",[14,162236,29015,162237,162239],{},[61,162238,64269],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[816,162241,256,162243],{"id":162242},"use-listzip",[61,162244,162245],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162247,162248],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[54,162250,162252],{"className":56,"code":162251,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[61,162253,162254,162286,162306,162310,162332],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162255,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162257,4959],{"class":74},[64,162259,92],{"class":91},[64,162261,112],{"class":95},[64,162263,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162265,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162267,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162269,103],{"class":95},[64,162271,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162273,35898],{"class":1422},[64,162275,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162277,103],{"class":95},[64,162279,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162281,35907],{"class":1422},[64,162283,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162285,746],{"class":95},[64,162287,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162289,5028],{"class":74},[64,162291,92],{"class":91},[64,162293,112],{"class":95},[64,162295,13467],{"class":99},[64,162297,103],{"class":95},[64,162299,13472],{"class":99},[64,162301,103],{"class":95},[64,162303,28874],{"class":99},[64,162305,746],{"class":95},[64,162307,162308],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162309,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162311,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162313,9187],{"class":74},[64,162315,92],{"class":91},[64,162317,22513],{"class":1778},[64,162319,144],{"class":95},[64,162321,64339],{"class":211},[64,162323,144],{"class":95},[64,162325,5003],{"class":140},[64,162327,103],{"class":95},[64,162329,5075],{"class":140},[64,162331,1737],{"class":95},[64,162333,162334,162336,162338,162340],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,162335,212],{"class":211},[64,162337,144],{"class":95},[64,162339,9233],{"class":140},[64,162341,150],{"class":95},[14,162343,2035],{},[54,162345,162347],{"className":56,"code":162346,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[61,162348,162349],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162350,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162352,21693],{"class":95},[64,162354,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162356,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162358,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162360,103],{"class":95},[64,162362,19852],{"class":99},[64,162364,1727],{"class":95},[64,162366,9207],{"class":95},[64,162368,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162370,35898],{"class":1422},[64,162372,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162374,103],{"class":95},[64,162376,13472],{"class":99},[64,162378,1727],{"class":95},[64,162380,9207],{"class":95},[64,162382,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162384,35907],{"class":1422},[64,162386,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162388,103],{"class":95},[64,162390,28874],{"class":99},[64,162392,9220],{"class":95},[816,162394,256,162396],{"id":162395},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[61,162397,162398],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162400,162401],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[54,162403,162405],{"className":56,"code":162404,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[61,162406,162407,162439,162467,162471,162493],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162408,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162410,17195],{"class":74},[64,162412,92],{"class":91},[64,162414,112],{"class":95},[64,162416,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162418,7637],{"class":1422},[64,162420,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162422,103],{"class":95},[64,162424,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162426,9270],{"class":1422},[64,162428,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162430,103],{"class":95},[64,162432,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162434,10381],{"class":1422},[64,162436,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162438,746],{"class":95},[64,162440,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162442,3786],{"class":74},[64,162444,92],{"class":91},[64,162446,112],{"class":95},[64,162448,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162450,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162452,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162454,103],{"class":95},[64,162456,9277],{"class":99},[64,162458,103],{"class":95},[64,162460,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162462,15984],{"class":1422},[64,162464,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162466,746],{"class":95},[64,162468,162469],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162470,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162472,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162474,13170],{"class":74},[64,162476,92],{"class":91},[64,162478,9142],{"class":1778},[64,162480,144],{"class":95},[64,162482,64339],{"class":211},[64,162484,144],{"class":95},[64,162486,16876],{"class":140},[64,162488,103],{"class":95},[64,162490,3850],{"class":140},[64,162492,1737],{"class":95},[64,162494,162495,162497,162499,162501],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,162496,212],{"class":211},[64,162498,144],{"class":95},[64,162500,17260],{"class":140},[64,162502,150],{"class":95},[14,162504,2035],{},[54,162506,162508],{"className":56,"code":162507,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[61,162509,162510],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162511,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162513,9249],{"class":95},[64,162515,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162517,7637],{"class":1422},[64,162519,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162521,1117],{"class":95},[64,162523,3256],{"class":1418},[64,162525,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162527,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162529,103],{"class":95},[64,162531,3256],{"class":1418},[64,162533,9270],{"class":1422},[64,162535,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162537,1117],{"class":95},[64,162539,9277],{"class":99},[64,162541,103],{"class":95},[64,162543,3256],{"class":1418},[64,162545,10381],{"class":1422},[64,162547,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162549,1117],{"class":95},[64,162551,3256],{"class":1418},[64,162553,15984],{"class":1422},[64,162555,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162557,9280],{"class":95},[14,162559,162560,162561,137],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[543,162562,31042],{"href":31041},[816,162564,162566],{"id":162565},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162568,162569],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[54,162571,162573],{"className":56,"code":162572,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[61,162574,162575,162599,162615,162619,162637,162641,162655],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162576,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162578,4959],{"class":74},[64,162580,92],{"class":91},[64,162582,112],{"class":95},[64,162584,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162586,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162588,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162590,103],{"class":95},[64,162592,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162594,35898],{"class":1422},[64,162596,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162598,746],{"class":95},[64,162600,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162602,5028],{"class":74},[64,162604,92],{"class":91},[64,162606,112],{"class":95},[64,162608,13467],{"class":99},[64,162610,103],{"class":95},[64,162612,13472],{"class":99},[64,162614,746],{"class":95},[64,162616,162617],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162618,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162620,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162622,9187],{"class":74},[64,162624,92],{"class":91},[64,162626,161350],{"class":211},[64,162628,144],{"class":95},[64,162630,5003],{"class":140},[64,162632,103],{"class":95},[64,162634,5075],{"class":140},[64,162636,150],{"class":95},[64,162638,162639],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,162640,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162642,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,162644,212],{"class":211},[64,162646,144],{"class":95},[64,162648,8064],{"class":1778},[64,162650,144],{"class":95},[64,162652,9233],{"class":140},[64,162654,1737],{"class":95},[64,162656,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,162658,212],{"class":211},[64,162660,144],{"class":95},[64,162662,8064],{"class":1778},[64,162664,144],{"class":95},[64,162666,9233],{"class":140},[64,162668,1737],{"class":95},[14,162670,2035],{},[54,162672,162674],{"className":56,"code":162673,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[61,162675,162676,162706],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162677,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162679,21693],{"class":95},[64,162681,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162683,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162685,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162687,103],{"class":95},[64,162689,19852],{"class":99},[64,162691,1727],{"class":95},[64,162693,9207],{"class":95},[64,162695,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162697,35898],{"class":1422},[64,162699,3261],{"class":1418},[64,162701,103],{"class":95},[64,162703,13472],{"class":99},[64,162705,9220],{"class":95},[64,162707,162708],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162709,38254],{"class":95},[14,162711,162712],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162714,162715,162716,137],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[543,162717,5101],{"href":5554},[49,162719,41004],{"id":41003},[14,162721,162722,162723,137],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[61,162724,64269],{},[816,162726,162728],{"id":162727},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[54,162730,162732],{"className":56,"code":162731,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[61,162733,162734,162766,162786,162790,162814],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162735,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162737,4959],{"class":74},[64,162739,92],{"class":91},[64,162741,112],{"class":95},[64,162743,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162745,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162747,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162749,103],{"class":95},[64,162751,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162753,35898],{"class":1422},[64,162755,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162757,103],{"class":95},[64,162759,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162761,35907],{"class":1422},[64,162763,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162765,746],{"class":95},[64,162767,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162769,5028],{"class":74},[64,162771,92],{"class":91},[64,162773,112],{"class":95},[64,162775,13467],{"class":99},[64,162777,103],{"class":95},[64,162779,13472],{"class":99},[64,162781,103],{"class":95},[64,162783,28874],{"class":99},[64,162785,746],{"class":95},[64,162787,162788],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162789,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162791,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162793,5926],{"class":70},[64,162795,35949],{"class":74},[64,162797,103],{"class":95},[64,162799,5070],{"class":74},[64,162801,3847],{"class":70},[64,162803,161350],{"class":211},[64,162805,144],{"class":95},[64,162807,5003],{"class":140},[64,162809,103],{"class":95},[64,162811,5075],{"class":140},[64,162813,8312],{"class":95},[64,162815,162816,162818,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,162817,8039],{"class":211},[64,162819,144],{"class":95},[64,162821,22247],{"class":2029},[64,162823,1419],{"class":1422},[64,162825,9249],{"class":99},[64,162827,7637],{"class":140},[64,162829,22256],{"class":99},[64,162831,22259],{"class":1422},[64,162833,9249],{"class":99},[64,162835,85469],{"class":140},[64,162837,22256],{"class":99},[64,162839,1419],{"class":1422},[64,162841,150],{"class":95},[816,162843,162845],{"id":162844},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[54,162847,162849],{"className":56,"code":162848,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[61,162850,162851,162883,162907,162911,162933],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162852,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162854,17195],{"class":74},[64,162856,92],{"class":91},[64,162858,112],{"class":95},[64,162860,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162862,1720],{"class":1422},[64,162864,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162866,103],{"class":95},[64,162868,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162870,7637],{"class":1422},[64,162872,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162874,103],{"class":95},[64,162876,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162878,15774],{"class":1422},[64,162880,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162882,746],{"class":95},[64,162884,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162886,3786],{"class":74},[64,162888,92],{"class":91},[64,162890,112],{"class":95},[64,162892,46550],{"class":99},[64,162894,103],{"class":95},[64,162896,3315],{"class":1418},[64,162898,12846],{"class":1422},[64,162900,1419],{"class":1418},[64,162902,103],{"class":95},[64,162904,3879],{"class":3816},[64,162906,746],{"class":95},[64,162908,162909],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162910,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162912,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162914,9137],{"class":74},[64,162916,92],{"class":91},[64,162918,9142],{"class":1778},[64,162920,144],{"class":95},[64,162922,64339],{"class":211},[64,162924,144],{"class":95},[64,162926,16876],{"class":140},[64,162928,103],{"class":95},[64,162930,3850],{"class":140},[64,162932,1737],{"class":95},[64,162934,162935,162937,162939,162941],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,162936,212],{"class":211},[64,162938,144],{"class":95},[64,162940,9176],{"class":140},[64,162942,150],{"class":95},[816,162944,162946],{"id":162945},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[54,162948,162950],{"className":56,"code":162949,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[61,162951,162952,162972,162992,162996,163021],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,162953,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162955,80607],{"class":74},[64,162957,92],{"class":91},[64,162959,112],{"class":95},[64,162961,1432],{"class":99},[64,162963,103],{"class":95},[64,162965,1437],{"class":99},[64,162967,103],{"class":95},[64,162969,7764],{"class":99},[64,162971,746],{"class":95},[64,162973,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,162975,80628],{"class":74},[64,162977,92],{"class":91},[64,162979,112],{"class":95},[64,162981,1432],{"class":99},[64,162983,103],{"class":95},[64,162985,9277],{"class":99},[64,162987,103],{"class":95},[64,162989,7764],{"class":99},[64,162991,746],{"class":95},[64,162993,162994],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,162995,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,162997,162998,163000,163002,163004,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,162999,5926],{"class":70},[64,163001,56839],{"class":74},[64,163003,103],{"class":95},[64,163005,163006],{"class":74}," b ",[64,163008,3847],{"class":70},[64,163010,161350],{"class":211},[64,163012,144],{"class":95},[64,163014,111697],{"class":140},[64,163016,103],{"class":95},[64,163018,80671],{"class":140},[64,163020,8312],{"class":95},[64,163022,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,163024,8039],{"class":211},[64,163026,144],{"class":95},[64,163028,1186],{"class":140},[64,163030,1707],{"class":91},[64,163032,2522],{"class":140},[64,163034,150],{"class":95},[14,163036,2035],{},[54,163038,163040],{"className":56,"code":163039,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[61,163041,163042,163046,163050],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163043,163044],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163045,3943],{"class":3816},[64,163047,163048],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,163049,4004],{"class":3816},[64,163051,163052],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,163053,3943],{"class":3816},[816,163055,163057],{"id":163056},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[54,163059,163061],{"className":56,"code":163060,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[61,163062,163063,163098,163121,163125,163152],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163064,163065,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163085,163087,163089,163091,163094,163096],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163066,163067],{"class":74},"products ",[64,163069,92],{"class":91},[64,163071,112],{"class":95},[64,163073,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163075,25095],{"class":1422},[64,163077,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163079,103],{"class":95},[64,163081,3315],{"class":1418},[64,163083,163084],{"class":1422},"Pen",[64,163086,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163088,103],{"class":95},[64,163090,3315],{"class":1418},[64,163092,163093],{"class":1422},"Bag",[64,163095,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163097,746],{"class":95},[64,163099,163100,163102,163104,163106,163109,163111,163114,163116,163119],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,163101,82997],{"class":74},[64,163103,92],{"class":91},[64,163105,112],{"class":95},[64,163107,163108],{"class":99},"12.5",[64,163110,103],{"class":95},[64,163112,163113],{"class":99}," 1.2",[64,163115,103],{"class":95},[64,163117,163118],{"class":99}," 25.0",[64,163120,746],{"class":95},[64,163122,163123],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,163124,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,163126,163127,163129,163131,163133,163136,163138,163140,163142,163145,163147,163150],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,163128,5926],{"class":70},[64,163130,25156],{"class":74},[64,163132,103],{"class":95},[64,163134,163135],{"class":74}," price ",[64,163137,3847],{"class":70},[64,163139,161350],{"class":211},[64,163141,144],{"class":95},[64,163143,163144],{"class":140},"products",[64,163146,103],{"class":95},[64,163148,163149],{"class":140}," prices",[64,163151,8312],{"class":95},[64,163153,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164,163166,163168,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,163155,8039],{"class":211},[64,163157,144],{"class":95},[64,163159,22247],{"class":2029},[64,163161,1419],{"class":1422},[64,163163,9249],{"class":99},[64,163165,26963],{"class":140},[64,163167,22256],{"class":99},[64,163169,163170],{"class":1422}," costs $",[64,163172,9249],{"class":99},[64,163174,25104],{"class":140},[64,163176,22256],{"class":99},[64,163178,1419],{"class":1422},[64,163180,150],{"class":95},[14,163182,36559,163183,137],{},[543,163184,163186],{"href":163185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[49,163188,163190,163191],{"id":163189},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[61,163192,64269],{},[816,163194,8423,163196,163198],{"id":163195},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[61,163197,64269],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163200,163201,163203],{},[61,163202,64269],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163205,163206],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[54,163208,163210],{"className":56,"code":163209,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[61,163211,163212],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163213,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163215,212],{"class":211},[64,163217,144],{"class":95},[64,163219,11134],{"class":211},[64,163221,144],{"class":95},[64,163223,111697],{"class":140},[64,163225,1727],{"class":95},[64,163227,38343],{"class":211},[64,163229,144],{"class":95},[64,163231,80894],{"class":140},[64,163233,1737],{"class":95},[816,163235,163237],{"id":163236},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163239,68786],{},[54,163241,163243],{"className":56,"code":163242,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[61,163244,163245,163281,163285,163298,163308,163312,163324],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163246,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163248,9187],{"class":74},[64,163250,92],{"class":91},[64,163252,161350],{"class":211},[64,163254,382],{"class":95},[64,163256,100],{"class":99},[64,163258,103],{"class":95},[64,163260,106],{"class":99},[64,163262,109],{"class":95},[64,163264,112],{"class":95},[64,163266,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163268,543],{"class":1422},[64,163270,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163272,103],{"class":95},[64,163274,3315],{"class":1418},[64,163276,1235],{"class":1422},[64,163278,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163280,393],{"class":95},[64,163282,163283],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,163284,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,163286,163287,163289,163291,163293,163296],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,163288,5926],{"class":70},[64,163290,5929],{"class":74},[64,163292,3847],{"class":70},[64,163294,163295],{"class":74}," pairs",[64,163297,6363],{"class":95},[64,163299,163300,163302,163304,163306],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,163301,8039],{"class":211},[64,163303,144],{"class":95},[64,163305,23264],{"class":140},[64,163307,150],{"class":95},[64,163309,163310],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,163311,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,163313,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322],{"class":66,"line":174},[64,163315,5926],{"class":70},[64,163317,5929],{"class":74},[64,163319,3847],{"class":70},[64,163321,163295],{"class":74},[64,163323,6363],{"class":95},[64,163325,163326,163328,163330,163332],{"class":66,"line":179},[64,163327,8039],{"class":211},[64,163329,144],{"class":95},[64,163331,23264],{"class":140},[64,163333,150],{"class":95},[14,163335,163336],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[816,163338,163340],{"id":163339},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163342,163343],{},"This is correct:",[54,163345,163347],{"className":56,"code":163346,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[61,163348,163349,163373,163389,163393,163417],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163350,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163352,4959],{"class":74},[64,163354,92],{"class":91},[64,163356,112],{"class":95},[64,163358,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163360,12846],{"class":1422},[64,163362,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163364,103],{"class":95},[64,163366,3315],{"class":1418},[64,163368,35898],{"class":1422},[64,163370,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163372,746],{"class":95},[64,163374,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385,163387],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,163376,5028],{"class":74},[64,163378,92],{"class":91},[64,163380,112],{"class":95},[64,163382,13467],{"class":99},[64,163384,103],{"class":95},[64,163386,13472],{"class":99},[64,163388,746],{"class":95},[64,163390,163391],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,163392,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,163394,163395,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,163396,5926],{"class":70},[64,163398,35949],{"class":74},[64,163400,103],{"class":95},[64,163402,5070],{"class":74},[64,163404,3847],{"class":70},[64,163406,161350],{"class":211},[64,163408,144],{"class":95},[64,163410,5003],{"class":140},[64,163412,103],{"class":95},[64,163414,5075],{"class":140},[64,163416,8312],{"class":95},[64,163418,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429],{"class":66,"line":153},[64,163420,8039],{"class":211},[64,163422,144],{"class":95},[64,163424,7637],{"class":140},[64,163426,103],{"class":95},[64,163428,130638],{"class":140},[64,163430,150],{"class":95},[14,163432,163433],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[54,163435,163437],{"className":56,"code":163436,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[61,163438,163439,163459],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163440,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163442,5926],{"class":70},[64,163444,5929],{"class":74},[64,163446,3847],{"class":70},[64,163448,161350],{"class":211},[64,163450,144],{"class":95},[64,163452,5003],{"class":140},[64,163454,103],{"class":95},[64,163456,5075],{"class":140},[64,163458,8312],{"class":95},[64,163460,163461,163463,163465,163467],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,163462,8039],{"class":211},[64,163464,144],{"class":95},[64,163466,23264],{"class":140},[64,163468,150],{"class":95},[14,163470,2035],{},[54,163472,163474],{"className":56,"code":163473,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[61,163475,163476,163492],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163477,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163479,144],{"class":95},[64,163481,3261],{"class":1418},[64,163483,12846],{"class":1422},[64,163485,3261],{"class":1418},[64,163487,103],{"class":95},[64,163489,19852],{"class":99},[64,163491,150],{"class":95},[64,163493,163494,163496,163498,163500,163502,163504,163506],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,163495,144],{"class":95},[64,163497,3261],{"class":1418},[64,163499,35898],{"class":1422},[64,163501,3261],{"class":1418},[64,163503,103],{"class":95},[64,163505,13472],{"class":99},[64,163507,150],{"class":95},[14,163509,163510],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[816,163512,1654,163514,163516,163517],{"id":163513},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[61,163515,64269],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[61,163518,35706],{},[14,163520,256,163521,163523],{},[61,163522,64269],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163525,256,163526,163528],{},[61,163527,35706],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[54,163530,163531],{"className":56,"code":35875,"language":58,"meta":59,"style":59},[61,163532,163533,163565,163569,163589],{"__ignoreMap":59},[64,163534,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163536,4959],{"class":74},[64,163538,92],{"class":91},[64,163540,112],{"class":95},[64,163542,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163544,12846],{"class":1422},[64,163546,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163548,103],{"class":95},[64,163550,3315],{"class":1418},[64,163552,35898],{"class":1422},[64,163554,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163556,103],{"class":95},[64,163558,3315],{"class":1418},[64,163560,35907],{"class":1422},[64,163562,1419],{"class":1418},[64,163564,746],{"class":95},[64,163566,163567],{"class":66,"line":78},[64,163568,82],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":81},[64,163570,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587],{"class":66,"line":85},[64,163572,5926],{"class":70},[64,163574,35778],{"class":74},[64,163576,103],{"class":95},[64,163578,35926],{"class":74},[64,163580,3847],{"class":70},[64,163582,35788],{"class":211},[64,163584,144],{"class":95},[64,163586,5003],{"class":140},[64,163588,8312],{"class":95},[64,163590,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601],{"class":66,"line":126},[64,163592,8039],{"class":211},[64,163594,144],{"class":95},[64,163596,35803],{"class":140},[64,163598,103],{"class":95},[64,163600,35949],{"class":140},[64,163602,150],{"class":95},[14,163604,163605,163606,137],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[543,163607,1877,163608,3472],{"href":91972},[61,163609,35706],{},[49,163611,1826],{"id":1825},[816,163613,5107,163615,5110],{"id":163614},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[61,163616,64269],{},[14,163618,163619],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[816,163621,12670,163623,163625],{"id":163622},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[61,163624,64269],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163627,163628],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[816,163630,163632,163633,2456],{"id":163631},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[61,163634,64269],{},[14,163636,163637,163638,137],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[61,163639,162245],{},[816,163641,163643,163644,2456],{"id":163642},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[61,163645,64269],{},[14,163647,128003,163648,163650],{},[61,163649,162398],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[816,163652,163654],{"id":163653},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163656,163657],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[49,163659,1865],{"id":1864},[21,163661,163662,163667,163673,163677,163681],{},[24,163663,163664],{},[543,163665,163666],{"href":163185},"How to use zip in Python",[24,163668,163669],{},[543,163670,1877,163671,3472],{"href":91972},[61,163672,35706],{},[24,163674,163675],{},[543,163676,5182],{"href":5554},[24,163678,163679],{},[543,163680,69639],{"href":69562},[24,163682,163683],{},[543,163684,32216],{"href":31041},[1898,163686,163687],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":59,"searchDepth":78,"depth":78,"links":163689},[163690,163691,163693,163694,163695,163696,163704,163710,163719,163730],{"id":51,"depth":78,"text":52},{"id":161409,"depth":78,"text":163692},"What zip() does",{"id":2119,"depth":78,"text":2120},{"id":161802,"depth":78,"text":161803},{"id":161979,"depth":78,"text":161980},{"id":162231,"depth":78,"text":163697,"children":163698},"Converting zip() output",[163699,163701,163703],{"id":162242,"depth":85,"text":163700},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162395,"depth":85,"text":163702},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162565,"depth":85,"text":162566},{"id":41003,"depth":78,"text":41004,"children":163705},[163706,163707,163708,163709],{"id":162727,"depth":85,"text":162728},{"id":162844,"depth":85,"text":162845},{"id":162945,"depth":85,"text":162946},{"id":163056,"depth":85,"text":163057},{"id":163189,"depth":78,"text":163711,"children":163712},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163713,163715,163716,163717],{"id":163195,"depth":85,"text":163714},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163236,"depth":85,"text":163237},{"id":163339,"depth":85,"text":163340},{"id":163513,"depth":85,"text":163718},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1825,"depth":78,"text":1826,"children":163720},[163721,163723,163725,163727,163729],{"id":163614,"depth":85,"text":163722},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163622,"depth":85,"text":163724},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163631,"depth":85,"text":163726},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163642,"depth":85,"text":163728},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163653,"depth":85,"text":163654},{"id":1864,"depth":78,"text":1865},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161251,"description":163731},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944854715]